diff --git a/.doctrees/chameo.doctree b/.doctrees/chameo.doctree index 166f43d..7b73b5f 100644 Binary files a/.doctrees/chameo.doctree and b/.doctrees/chameo.doctree differ diff --git a/.doctrees/environment.pickle b/.doctrees/environment.pickle index 684b392..8b43d9b 100644 Binary files a/.doctrees/environment.pickle and b/.doctrees/environment.pickle differ diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 5dbf054..95d85da 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The CHAMEO Ontology is built with an alignment with EMMO and some of its modules ## Resources -- [Pre-inferred ontology](https://emmo-repo.github.io/domain-characterisation-methodology/chameo-inferred.ttl) +- Pre-inferred ontology: https://emmo-repo.github.io/domain-characterisation-methodology/chameo-inferred.ttl - [Class index](https://emmo-repo.github.io/domain-characterisation-methodology/chameo.html) diff --git a/_sources/chameo.rst.txt b/_sources/chameo.rst.txt index e6641de..e770d3a 100644 --- a/_sources/chameo.rst.txt +++ b/_sources/chameo.rst.txt @@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ ACVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + ACV + Preflabel ACVoltammetry @@ -54,17 +58,13 @@ ACVoltammetry voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - Altlabel - ACV + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label ACVoltammetry @@ -190,6 +190,10 @@ AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + AdSV + Preflabel AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry @@ -206,10 +210,6 @@ AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Elucidation Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - - Altlabel - AdSV - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -426,14 +426,14 @@ AnodicStrippingVoltammetry Elucidation Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Label AnodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -465,6 +465,14 @@ AtomProbeTomography Annotations + + Altlabel + 3D Atom Probe + + + Altlabel + APT + Preflabel AtomProbeTomography @@ -477,14 +485,6 @@ AtomProbeTomography Elucidation Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - - Altlabel - 3D Atom Probe - - - Altlabel - APT - Label AtomProbeTomography @@ -559,6 +559,10 @@ BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod Annotations + + Altlabel + BET + Preflabel BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod @@ -567,17 +571,13 @@ BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod Comment A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - Elucidation A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - Altlabel - BET + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory Wikidatareference @@ -861,6 +861,10 @@ CathodicStrippingVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + CSV + Preflabel CathodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -874,17 +878,13 @@ CathodicStrippingVoltammetry Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - Altlabel - CSV + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label CathodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -1292,14 +1292,14 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Definition Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - - Example - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Vimterm Measuring instrument + + Example + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Label CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -1854,6 +1854,14 @@ CharacterisationTechnique Annotations + + Altlabel + Characterisation procedure + + + Altlabel + Characterisation technique + Preflabel CharacterisationTechnique @@ -1878,14 +1886,6 @@ CharacterisationTechnique Elucidation The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - - Altlabel - Characterisation procedure - - - Altlabel - Characterisation technique - Label CharacterisationTechnique @@ -2074,14 +2074,14 @@ Chromatography Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography - Elucidation In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + Label Chromatography @@ -2113,6 +2113,14 @@ Chronoamperometry Annotations + + Altlabel + AmperiometricDetection + + + Altlabel + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Preflabel Chronoamperometry @@ -2133,14 +2141,6 @@ Chronoamperometry Elucidation amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential - - Altlabel - AmperiometricDetection - - - Altlabel - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -2361,14 +2361,14 @@ ConductometricTitration Elucidation titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + Label ConductometricTitration @@ -2416,25 +2416,25 @@ Conductometry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - Elucidation measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Example Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 Label @@ -2589,26 +2589,26 @@ Coulometry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - Elucidation electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + Label Coulometry @@ -2773,6 +2773,10 @@ CyclicVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + CV + Preflabel CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2801,29 +2805,25 @@ CyclicVoltammetry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - Elucidation voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate - Altlabel - CV + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - Dbpediareference - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Dbpediareference + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry Label @@ -3503,6 +3503,10 @@ DifferentialPulseVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + DPV + Preflabel DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -3527,26 +3531,22 @@ DifferentialPulseVoltammetry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - Elucidation voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped - Altlabel - DPV - - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Label DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -3617,6 +3617,10 @@ DifferentialScanningCalorimetry Annotations + + Altlabel + DSC + Preflabel DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -3633,10 +3637,6 @@ DifferentialScanningCalorimetry Elucidation Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - Altlabel - DSC - Label DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -3715,6 +3715,10 @@ DifferentialThermalAnalysis Annotations + + Altlabel + DTA + Preflabel DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -3731,10 +3735,6 @@ DifferentialThermalAnalysis Elucidation Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - Altlabel - DTA - Label DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -3974,6 +3974,10 @@ DynamicLightScattering Annotations + + Altlabel + DLS + Preflabel DynamicLightScattering @@ -3990,10 +3994,6 @@ DynamicLightScattering Elucidation Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - Altlabel - DLS - Label DynamicLightScattering @@ -4072,6 +4072,10 @@ DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + DMA + Preflabel DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -4088,10 +4092,6 @@ DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy Elucidation Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - Altlabel - DMA - Label DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -4123,6 +4123,10 @@ ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + EIS + Preflabel ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy @@ -4148,17 +4152,13 @@ ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - Altlabel - EIS + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy @@ -4304,22 +4304,22 @@ Electrogravimetry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry - Elucidation method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + Label Electrogravimetry @@ -4351,6 +4351,10 @@ ElectronBackscatterDiffraction Annotations + + Altlabel + EBSD + Preflabel ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -4367,10 +4371,6 @@ ElectronBackscatterDiffraction Elucidation Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - Altlabel - EBSD - Label ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -4500,6 +4500,14 @@ EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + EDS + + + Altlabel + EDX + Preflabel EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy @@ -4512,21 +4520,13 @@ EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - Elucidation An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - Altlabel - EDS - - - Altlabel - EDX + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy Wikidatareference @@ -4704,6 +4704,10 @@ FibDic Annotations + + Altlabel + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + Preflabel FibDic @@ -4720,10 +4724,6 @@ FibDic Elucidation The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - Altlabel - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - Label FibDic @@ -4755,6 +4755,10 @@ FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + FE-SEM + Preflabel FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -4771,10 +4775,6 @@ FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy Elucidation Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - Altlabel - FE-SEM - Label FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -4806,6 +4806,10 @@ FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + FTIR + Preflabel FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy @@ -4818,17 +4822,13 @@ FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - Elucidation A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - Altlabel - FTIR + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy Wikidatareference @@ -4959,6 +4959,10 @@ GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique Annotations + + Altlabel + GITT + Preflabel GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique @@ -4975,10 +4979,6 @@ GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique Elucidation electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - - Altlabel - GITT - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 @@ -5061,6 +5061,10 @@ GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Annotations + + Altlabel + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Preflabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -5077,10 +5081,6 @@ GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Elucidation Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - Altlabel - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Label GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -5112,6 +5112,14 @@ HPPC Annotations + + Altlabel + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + + + Altlabel + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + Preflabel HPPC @@ -5128,14 +5136,6 @@ HPPC Elucidation electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load - - Altlabel - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - - - Altlabel - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - Label HPPC @@ -5410,22 +5410,22 @@ HydrodynamicVoltammetry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - Elucidation voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Label HydrodynamicVoltammetry @@ -5457,6 +5457,10 @@ ICI Annotations + + Altlabel + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + Preflabel ICI @@ -5473,10 +5477,6 @@ ICI Elucidation electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current - - Altlabel - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - Label ICI @@ -5677,14 +5677,14 @@ IonChromatography Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography - Elucidation Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + Label IonChromatography @@ -5716,6 +5716,10 @@ IonMobilitySpectrometry Annotations + + Altlabel + IMS + Preflabel IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -5732,10 +5736,6 @@ IonMobilitySpectrometry Elucidation Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - Altlabel - IMS - Label IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -5767,6 +5767,10 @@ IsothermalMicrocalorimetry Annotations + + Altlabel + IMC + Preflabel IsothermalMicrocalorimetry @@ -5783,10 +5787,6 @@ IsothermalMicrocalorimetry Elucidation Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).

IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - Altlabel - IMC - Label IsothermalMicrocalorimetry @@ -6049,6 +6049,18 @@ LinearScanVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + LSV + + + Altlabel + LinearPolarization + + + Altlabel + LinearSweepVoltammetry + Preflabel LinearScanVoltammetry @@ -6073,34 +6085,22 @@ LinearScanVoltammetry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - Elucidation Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. - Altlabel - LSV - - - Altlabel - LinearPolarization + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - Altlabel - LinearSweepVoltammetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label LinearScanVoltammetry @@ -6399,14 +6399,14 @@ MechanicalTesting Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - Elucidation Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:
1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.
2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + Label MechanicalTesting @@ -6630,6 +6630,10 @@ NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + NSE + Preflabel NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -6646,10 +6650,6 @@ NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy Elucidation Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - Altlabel - NSE - Label NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -6728,6 +6728,10 @@ NormalPulseVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + NPV + Preflabel NormalPulseVoltammetry @@ -6764,10 +6768,6 @@ NormalPulseVoltammetry Elucidation voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - - Altlabel - NPV - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -6803,6 +6803,14 @@ NuclearMagneticResonance Annotations + + Altlabel + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + + + Altlabel + NMR + Preflabel NuclearMagneticResonance @@ -6819,14 +6827,6 @@ NuclearMagneticResonance Elucidation Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - Altlabel - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - - - Altlabel - NMR - Label NuclearMagneticResonance @@ -6858,6 +6858,10 @@ OpenCircuitHold Annotations + + Altlabel + OCVHold + Preflabel OpenCircuitHold @@ -6874,10 +6878,6 @@ OpenCircuitHold Elucidation a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) - - Altlabel - OCVHold - Label OpenCircuitHold @@ -7293,6 +7293,10 @@ PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Annotations + + Altlabel + PSA + Preflabel PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis @@ -7325,10 +7329,6 @@ PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Elucidation two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - Altlabel - PSA - Label PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis @@ -7384,10 +7384,6 @@ Potentiometry Elucidation Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 @@ -7396,6 +7392,10 @@ Potentiometry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + Label Potentiometry @@ -7749,6 +7749,10 @@ PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod Annotations + + Altlabel + PseudoOCV + Preflabel PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod @@ -7765,10 +7769,6 @@ PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod Elucidation a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - Altlabel - PseudoOCV - Label PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod @@ -8051,6 +8051,18 @@ ReferenceSample Annotations + + Altlabel + Certified Reference Material + + + Altlabel + Reference material + + + Altlabel + ReferenceSpecimen + Preflabel ReferenceSample @@ -8072,24 +8084,12 @@ ReferenceSample Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Altlabel - Certified Reference Material + Definition + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Altlabel - Reference material - - - Altlabel - ReferenceSpecimen - - - Definition - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - - Definition - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Definition + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] Vimterm @@ -8126,6 +8126,10 @@ Sample Annotations + + Altlabel + Specimen + Preflabel Sample @@ -8150,10 +8154,6 @@ Sample Elucidation Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - - Altlabel - Specimen - Label Sample @@ -8467,6 +8467,10 @@ SampledDCPolarography Annotations + + Altlabel + TASTPolarography + Preflabel SampledDCPolarography @@ -8487,10 +8491,6 @@ SampledDCPolarography Elucidation DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - - Altlabel - TASTPolarography - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -8581,6 +8581,10 @@ ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + AES + Preflabel ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy @@ -8597,10 +8601,6 @@ ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy Elucidation Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - Altlabel - AES - Label ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy @@ -8632,6 +8632,10 @@ ScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + SEM + Preflabel ScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -8648,10 +8652,6 @@ ScanningElectronMicroscopy Elucidation The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - Altlabel - SEM - Label ScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -8683,6 +8683,10 @@ ScanningKelvinProbe Annotations + + Altlabel + SKB + Preflabel ScanningKelvinProbe @@ -8699,10 +8703,6 @@ ScanningKelvinProbe Elucidation Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - Altlabel - SKB - Label ScanningKelvinProbe @@ -8781,6 +8781,10 @@ ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + STM + Preflabel ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy @@ -8797,10 +8801,6 @@ ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Elucidation Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - Altlabel - STM - Label ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy @@ -8871,6 +8871,10 @@ SecondaryData Annotations + + Altlabel + Elaborated data + Preflabel SecondaryData @@ -8887,10 +8891,6 @@ SecondaryData Elucidation Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - - Altlabel - Elaborated data - Example Deconvoluted curves @@ -8930,6 +8930,10 @@ SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry Annotations + + Altlabel + SIMS + Preflabel SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry @@ -8946,10 +8950,6 @@ SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry Elucidation Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - Altlabel - SIMS - Label SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry @@ -9177,6 +9177,18 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + OSWV + + + Altlabel + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + + + Altlabel + SWV + Preflabel SquareWaveVoltammetry @@ -9201,34 +9213,22 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - Elucidation voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - Altlabel - OSWV - - - Altlabel - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - Altlabel - SWV + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label SquareWaveVoltammetry @@ -9339,14 +9339,14 @@ StrippingVoltammetry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - Elucidation two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -9421,6 +9421,10 @@ TensileTesting Annotations + + Altlabel + TensionTest + Preflabel TensileTesting @@ -9437,10 +9441,6 @@ TensileTesting Elucidation Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - Altlabel - TensionTest - Label TensileTesting @@ -9472,6 +9472,10 @@ ThermochemicalTesting Annotations + + Altlabel + TMA + Preflabel ThermochemicalTesting @@ -9488,10 +9492,6 @@ ThermochemicalTesting Elucidation Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - Altlabel - TMA - Label ThermochemicalTesting @@ -9523,6 +9523,10 @@ Thermogravimetry Annotations + + Altlabel + TGA + Preflabel Thermogravimetry @@ -9539,10 +9543,6 @@ Thermogravimetry Elucidation Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - Altlabel - TGA - Label Thermogravimetry @@ -9574,6 +9574,10 @@ ThreePointBendingTesting Annotations + + Altlabel + ThreePointFlexuralTest + Preflabel ThreePointBendingTesting @@ -9586,17 +9590,13 @@ ThreePointBendingTesting Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test - Elucidation Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - Altlabel - ThreePointFlexuralTest + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test Wikidatareference @@ -9676,6 +9676,10 @@ TransmissionElectronMicroscopy Annotations + + Altlabel + TEM + Preflabel TransmissionElectronMicroscopy @@ -9692,10 +9696,6 @@ TransmissionElectronMicroscopy Elucidation Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - Altlabel - TEM - Label TransmissionElectronMicroscopy @@ -9813,6 +9813,10 @@ VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry Annotations + + Altlabel + VPO + Preflabel VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry @@ -9829,10 +9833,6 @@ VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry Elucidation Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - Altlabel - VPO - Label VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry @@ -9864,6 +9864,10 @@ Viscometry Annotations + + Altlabel + Viscosity + Preflabel Viscometry @@ -9880,10 +9884,6 @@ Viscometry Elucidation Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - Altlabel - Viscosity - Label Viscometry @@ -9931,26 +9931,26 @@ Voltammetry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - Elucidation Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + Label Voltammetry @@ -10072,6 +10072,14 @@ XpsVariableKinetic Annotations + + Altlabel + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + + + Altlabel + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + Preflabel XpsVariableKinetic @@ -10084,14 +10092,6 @@ XpsVariableKinetic Elucidation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - - Altlabel - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - - - Altlabel - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - Label XpsVariableKinetic @@ -10123,6 +10123,10 @@ XrayDiffraction Annotations + + Altlabel + XRD + Preflabel XrayDiffraction @@ -10135,17 +10139,13 @@ XrayDiffraction Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - Elucidation a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - Altlabel - XRD + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography Wikidatareference @@ -10182,6 +10182,10 @@ XrayPowderDiffraction Annotations + + Altlabel + XRPD + Preflabel XrayPowderDiffraction @@ -10194,17 +10198,13 @@ XrayPowderDiffraction Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - Elucidation a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - Altlabel - XRPD + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction Label @@ -10325,6 +10325,10 @@ hasBeginCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Altlabel + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -10333,10 +10337,6 @@ hasBeginCharacterisationTask Comment - - Altlabel - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - Label hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -10372,6 +10372,10 @@ hasCharacterisationComponent Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationComponent + Preflabel hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -10380,10 +10384,6 @@ hasCharacterisationComponent Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationComponent - Label hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -10419,6 +10419,10 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironment Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -10427,10 +10431,6 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironment Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -10466,6 +10466,10 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -10474,10 +10478,6 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -10513,6 +10513,10 @@ hasCharacterisationInput Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationInput + Preflabel hasCharacterisationInput @@ -10521,10 +10525,6 @@ hasCharacterisationInput Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationInput - Label hasCharacterisationInput @@ -10560,6 +10560,10 @@ hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + Preflabel hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -10568,10 +10572,6 @@ hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - Label hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -10607,6 +10607,10 @@ hasCharacterisationOutput Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationOutput + Preflabel hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -10615,10 +10619,6 @@ hasCharacterisationOutput Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationOutput - Label hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -10697,6 +10697,10 @@ hasCharacterisationProperty Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationProperty + Preflabel hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -10705,10 +10709,6 @@ hasCharacterisationProperty Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationProperty - Label hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -10744,6 +10744,10 @@ hasCharacterisationSoftware Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationSoftware + Preflabel hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -10752,10 +10756,6 @@ hasCharacterisationSoftware Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationSoftware - Label hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -10791,6 +10791,10 @@ hasCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasCharacterisationTask @@ -10799,10 +10803,6 @@ hasCharacterisationTask Comment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationTask - Label hasCharacterisationTask @@ -11053,6 +11053,10 @@ hasEndCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Altlabel + hasEndCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -11061,10 +11065,6 @@ hasEndCharacterisationTask Comment - - Altlabel - hasEndCharacterizationTask - Label hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -12449,6 +12449,10 @@ userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure Annotations + + Altlabel + userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure + Preflabel userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure @@ -12461,10 +12465,6 @@ userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure Elucidation Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure - - Altlabel - userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure - Label userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure diff --git a/chameo-inferred.owl b/chameo-inferred.owl index 1fdbc12..d2b222f 100644 --- a/chameo-inferred.owl +++ b/chameo-inferred.owl @@ -51,66 +51,6 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png - - - - - - - hasPostProcessingModel - hasPostProcessingModel - - - - - - - - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - hasTemporaryParticipant - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - - - - - - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - - - - - - - - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - - - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - hasModelledProperty - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - - - - - Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. - hasObjectiveProperty - hasObjectiveProperty - - @@ -122,168 +62,60 @@ Length hasUnit only LengthUnit - + - - + - hasMeasurementSample - hasMeasurementSample - - - - - - - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - overlaps - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - - - - - - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - mereological - mereological - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + hasMeasurementProbe + hasMeasurementProbe - + + - The input of a process. - hasInput - hasInput - The input of a process. - - - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - hasHolisticPart - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - - - - - - - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - hasHolisticRelation - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + hasTemporaryParticipant + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - - - - - + + - The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - hasProperPart - hasProperPart - The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - hasUnitSymbol - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + hasTemporalPart + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - - - - - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - hasSpatialPart - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - - hasLab - hasLab - - - - - - - - - hasInteractionVolume - hasInteractionVolume - - - + - + - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. - -Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - hasParticipant - hasParticipant - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - hasProperty - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + hasSubProcess + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - - - - - - - hasReferenceSample - hasReferenceSample + + + + + + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart @@ -318,46 +150,109 @@ On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - - - - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - hasSpatialSlice - hasSpatialIntegralPart - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + + + + + + hasStage + hasStage - - - - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + + + + + + hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasHolisticTemporalPart + -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - hasTemporalPart - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + + + + + + + hasMeasurementTime + hasMeasurementTime + -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + hasProperty + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - - - - - - - + + - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - hasPortionPart - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + hasSpatialSlice + hasSpatialIntegralPart + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + + + + + + + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + hasSpatialPart + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasDescription + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + + + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + hasConvention + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + + + + + + + + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + hasInterpreter + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + + + + + + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. @@ -373,66 +268,75 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - - - - - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - hasPart - hasPart - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - - - - - - isPartOf - isPartOf + + + + + + + + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + hasSpatioTemporalTile + hasWellFormedTile + hasSpatioTemporalTile + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferencePart - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + + + + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + hasHolisticOverlap + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + A man and the process of building a house. +The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. +The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. +The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. +In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - hasConvention - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + + + + + + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + hasHolisticRelation + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - - - - - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - hasOutput - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + + + + + + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + properOverlaps + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - + - + + + - isTemporallyBefore - isTemporallyBefore + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + isPredecessorOf + isAntecedentOf + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). @@ -459,136 +363,126 @@ b) y and x non-overlapping While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. - - - - - - - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - hasHolisticOverlap - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - A man and the process of building a house. -The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. -The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. -The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. -In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + + + + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + causal + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - - - - + + + + - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - hasSampleForPreparation - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - + hasInteractionVolume + hasInteractionVolume + - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - hasDeducer - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + + + + + + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. + +Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + hasParticipant + hasParticipant + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - - - - - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - hasInterpreter - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + + + + + + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - - - - isOvercrossedBy - isOvercrossedBy + + + + + Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. + hasObjectiveProperty + hasObjectiveProperty - - - - - - - hasHolder - hasHolder + + + + + + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + hasHolisticPart + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - + + - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - causal - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + hasNonTemporalPart + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - - - - - - - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - hasSpatioTemporalTile - hasWellFormedTile - hasSpatioTemporalTile - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + + + + + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + hasSampleInspectionInstrument - - - - - - - - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - hasDirectPart - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. + + + + + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + hasPart + hasPart + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - - - - + + + + - hasAccessConditions - hasAccessConditions + hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasSamplePreparationInstrument + + + + + + + + hasSubObject + hasSubObject @@ -620,23 +514,18 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally hasScatteredPortion - - - - - - - hasInstrumentForCalibration - hasInstrumentForCalibration - - - - - - - - hasVariable - hasVariable + + + + + + + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + equalsTo + equalsTo + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. @@ -665,103 +554,152 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - - - - - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - hasReferent - hasSemioticObject - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + + + + + + hasSubCollection + hasSubCollection - - - - - - hasCharacterised - hasCharacterised + + + + + + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + hasGatheredPart + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - hasDeclared - hasDeclared - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + + + + + + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + hasScatteredPart + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - - - - + + + + - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - hasPhysicsOfInteraction + hasLevelOfAutomation + hasLevelOfAutomation - - - - hasModel - hasModel + + + + + + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + hasEndTile + hasTemporalLast + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - - - + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIndex + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + + + + + + + + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + hasSign + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + + + + + + - hasEndCharacterisationTask - hasEndCharacterizationTask - hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasInteractionWithProbe + hasInteractionWithProbe - - - - hasEndTask - hasEndTask + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - - - - - - - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - contacts - hasSpatiialnteractionWith - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. + + + + + + + hasInteractionWithSample + hasInteractionWithSample - - + + - - - - isSpatiallyRelatedWith - isSpatiallyRelatedWith + + + + + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + hasDirectPart + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. + + + + + + + + + hasReferenceSample + hasReferenceSample + + + + + + + + + hasProcessingReproducibility + hasProcessingReproducibility @@ -782,88 +720,76 @@ It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper par Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. - - - - + + + - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - hasScatteredPart - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - hasDeduced - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + isIndirectCauseOf + isIndirectCauseOf + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - - - - - - Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure - userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure - userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure - userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure - Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure + + + + + + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + isNotCauseOf + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - + - - + + - hasInteractionWithSample - hasInteractionWithSample - - - - - - - - hasSubCollection - hasSubCollection + hasHolder + hasHolder - - - - - - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - hasGatheredPart - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + hasModelledProperty + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - + + + - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - hasOutcome - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + hasAgent + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - - - - + + + + - hasSampleInspectionParameter - hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasDataQuality + hasDataQuality + + + + + + + + hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalCollection @@ -873,128 +799,43 @@ It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper par hasNonMaximalPart - - - - isPortionPartOf - isPortionPartOf - - - - - - - - hasSubItem - hasSubItem + + + + + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + hasOutput + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - - - - - + + + - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - hasItemPart - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + overlaps + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - - + + + + - hasCharacterisationInput - hasCharacterizationInput - hasCharacterisationInput - - - - - - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - hasNonTemporalPart - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - hasIndex - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - - - - - - - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - hasSign - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - hasDescription - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - - - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. - hasMetricPrefix - hasMetricPrefix - - - - - - - - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - isNotCauseOf - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - - - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - hasEndTile - hasTemporalLast - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - hasBeginTile - hasTemporalFirst - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + + + + hasModel + hasModel @@ -1007,24 +848,54 @@ It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper par Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - hasMeasuredProperty - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + hasDeclarer + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - - - - + + - hasInteractionWithProbe - hasInteractionWithProbe + hasCharacterisationComponent + hasCharacterizationComponent + hasCharacterisationComponent + + + + + + + + hasComponent + hasComponent + + + + + + + isGatheredPartOf + isGatheredPartOf + + + + + + + + + + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + isProperPartOf + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. @@ -1038,79 +909,49 @@ It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper par hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - - - - - - - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - hasInterval - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + + + + + + + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + isConcomitantWith + alongsideOf + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - - - - - - hasSubObject - hasSubObject + + + + + + + isSpatiallyRelatedWith + isSpatiallyRelatedWith - - - - - - hasHolisticTemporalPart - hasHolisticTemporalPart + + + + + The input of a process. + hasInput + hasInput + The input of a process. - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. - -The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. - hasConventionalProperty - hasConventionalProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. - - - - - - - - hasTask - hasTask - - - - - - - - - - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - hasNext - isBefore - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". @@ -1124,246 +965,233 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - - - - - - + + - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - isPredecessorOf - isAntecedentOf - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + mereological + mereological + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - - + + + + - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - isIndirectCauseOf - isIndirectCauseOf - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + EMMORelation + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasDeducer + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + + + - - - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - isConcomitantWith - alongsideOf - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + + hasCollaborationWith + hasCollaborationWith - - - - - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - hasJunctionPart - hasSpatioTemporalPart - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + + + + + + + + + Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process. + hasMetrologicalReference + In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. + +The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) + + Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) + +was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to + + Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension + +was changed to + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. + hasMetrologicalReference - - - - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - hasHeterogeneousPart - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + + + + + + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + hasConstituent + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - - - - - - hasMeasurementDetector - hasMeasurementDetector + + + + + + hasVariable + hasVariable - - + + + + + + Relates a dataset to its datum. + hasDatum + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. + + + + + + + + + + + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + hasPortionPart + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + + + + + - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - properOverlaps - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + hasProperPart + hasProperPart + The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + + + + + isTemporallyBefore + isTemporallyBefore - + - - + + - hasCharacterisationEnvironment - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - + - + - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". + Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. + hasMetricPrefix + hasMetricPrefix - - - - - - - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasJunctionTile - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - - - - - - - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - - - - - - - - - hasLevelOfAutomation - hasLevelOfAutomation - - - - - - - - - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - equalsTo - equalsTo - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + + + + + + hasCharacteriser + hasCharacteriser - - - - - - - hasPeerReviewedArticle - hasPeerReviewedArticle + + + + + + hasManufacturedOutput + hasManufacturedOutput - - - - - - - hasHardwareSpecification - hasHardwareSpecification + + + + + hasProductOutput + hasProductOutput - + - - - - - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - hasMember - hasMember - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + + + + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + hasBeginTile + hasTemporalFirst + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - - - + + + + + - hasMaximalPart - hasMaximalPart + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + overcrosses + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - - - - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process. - hasMetrologicalReference - In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. - -The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) - - Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) - -was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to - - Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - -Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. - - Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension - -was changed to - - Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - -The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. - hasMetrologicalReference + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + hasIcon + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - - - - - + + - - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - isProperPartOf - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + isPartOf + isPartOf @@ -1375,143 +1203,164 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens hasConnectedPortion - - + + + + + + - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - hasSpatialSection - hasSpatialPartialPart - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. -A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + hasNext + isBefore + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. - - - + + + + + - A temporal part that is an item. - hasTemporalItemSlice - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + contacts + hasSpatiialnteractionWith + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. - - - - - - hasCharacterisationSoftware - hasCharacterizationSoftware - hasCharacterisationSoftware + + + + + + + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasJunctionTile + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - + + - hasFractionalCollection - hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalMember + hasFractionalMember - - - - - - - hasSampleForInspection - hasSampleForInspection + + + + + + hasSubItem + hasSubItem - - - - - - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + + + + + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + hasJunctionPart + hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - - - - - - hasMeasurementProbe - hasMeasurementProbe + + + + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + hasHeterogeneousPart + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - - - - - - - hasDataAcquisitionRate - hasDataAcquisitionRate + + + + + + hasMaximalCollection + hasMaximalCollection - - - - - - requiresLevelOfExpertise - requiresLevelOfExpertise + + + + + hasMaximalPart + hasMaximalPart - - - - - - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - hasConstituent - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + + + + + + + hasInstrumentForCalibration + hasInstrumentForCalibration - - - - - - hasManufacturedOutput - hasManufacturedOutput + + + + isOvercrossedBy + isOvercrossedBy - - - - - hasProductOutput - hasProductOutput + + + + + + + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + hasItemPart + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - - - - + + + + - hasProcessingReproducibility - hasProcessingReproducibility + hasCharacterisationProperty + hasCharacterizationProperty + hasCharacterisationProperty - - - - hasBeginTask - hasBeginTask + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + hasMeasuredProperty + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. @@ -1524,6 +1373,48 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa notOverlaps + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + hasDeduced + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + + + + + + + + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + hasReferent + hasSemioticObject + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + + hasTask + hasTask + + + + + + + + + hasPeerReviewedArticle + hasPeerReviewedArticle + + @@ -1533,228 +1424,185 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasBehaviour - - - + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasCognised + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + + + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + hasDeclared + hasDeclared + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + + + + + + - hasDataset - hasDataset + hasSamplePreparationParameter + hasSamplePreparationParameter - - - - + + + + - hasDataQuality - hasDataQuality + hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasSampleInspectionParameter - - - - - - - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - overcrosses - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + + + + + + Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure + userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure + userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure + userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure + Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure - - - - A temporal part that is not a slice. - hasTemporalSection - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. + + + + + Relates a resource to its identifier. + hasResourceIdentifier + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. - - - - - - hasCollaborationWith - hasCollaborationWith - - - - + + + + - hasCharacterisationOutput - hasCharacterizationOutput - hasCharacterisationOutput + hasPostProcessingModel + hasPostProcessingModel - - - - + + - hasFractionalMember - hasFractionalMember - - - - - - - - hasConstitutiveProcess - hasConstitutiveProcess + isPortionPartOf + isPortionPartOf - - - - - Relates a resource to its identifier. - hasResourceIdentifier - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasUnitSymbol + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - hasIcon - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + + + + + hasCharacterisationOutput + hasCharacterizationOutput + hasCharacterisationOutput - - - - + + + + + + - hasComponent - hasComponent + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasInterval + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - - - + + + + - hasHazard - hasHazard - - - - - - - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - hasInterpretant - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasSampleForInspection + hasSampleForInspection - - + + - + - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - - - - - - - Relates a dataset to its datum. - hasDatum - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. + hasMeasurementSample + hasMeasurementSample - - - - + + + - hasSampledSample - hasSampledSample - - - - - - - hasServiceOutput - hasServiceOutput + hasDataset + hasDataset - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - hasDeclarer - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + + + + + + + hasBeginCharacterisationTask + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - isGatheredPartOf - isGatheredPartOf + + + + hasBeginTask + hasBeginTask - + - - + + - hasMeasurementTime - hasMeasurementTime - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - hasCognised - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - - - - - - - - hasStatus - hasStatus + hasHardwareSpecification + hasHardwareSpecification - - - - - - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - hasSubProcess - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + + + + + A temporal part that is an item. + hasTemporalItemSlice + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. @@ -1768,92 +1616,192 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasCharacterisationTask - - - - - - - hasSamplePreparationParameter - hasSamplePreparationParameter + + + + A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasTemporalSection + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. - - - - + + + + - hasSamplePreparationInstrument - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - - - - - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - hasAgent - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + + + + + + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + hasReferencePart + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - - - - - - hasStage - hasStage + + + + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + hasSpatialSection + hasSpatialPartialPart + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. +A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - + + + + + + requiresLevelOfExpertise + requiresLevelOfExpertise + + + + + + + + hasCharacterised + hasCharacterised + + + + - + - hasMaximalCollection - hasMaximalCollection + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + hasMember + hasMember + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - - - - + + + - hasCharacterisationProperty - hasCharacterizationProperty - hasCharacterisationProperty + hasLab + hasLab - - - + + + + - hasOperator - hasOperator + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - + + + + + + hasMeasurementDetector + hasMeasurementDetector + + + + + + + + + hasAccessConditions + hasAccessConditions + + + + - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - hasBeginCharacterisationTask + hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasEndCharacterizationTask + hasEndCharacterisationTask - + + + + hasEndTask + hasEndTask + + + + + + + hasServiceOutput + hasServiceOutput + + + + + + + + hasConstitutiveProcess + hasConstitutiveProcess + + + - + - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - hasSampleInspectionInstrument + hasCharacterisationSoftware + hasCharacterizationSoftware + hasCharacterisationSoftware + + + + + + + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasInterpretant + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasOutcome + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + + + + + + + + + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSampleForPreparation + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation @@ -1866,22 +1814,74 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasMeasurementParameter - - + + + + - hasCharacterisationComponent - hasCharacterizationComponent - hasCharacterisationComponent + hasSampledSample + hasSampledSample - - - - - - hasCharacteriser - hasCharacteriser + + + + + + hasOperator + hasOperator + + + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. + hasConventionalProperty + hasConventionalProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. + + + + + + + + hasHazard + hasHazard + + + + + + + + + hasDataAcquisitionRate + hasDataAcquisitionRate + + + + + + + + hasStatus + hasStatus + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationInput + hasCharacterizationInput + hasCharacterisationInput @@ -1893,16 +1893,15 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - - - - - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - hasDataValue - hasDataValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + + + + + + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + hasNumericalValue + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. @@ -1917,44 +1916,28 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. - + - - - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - hasNumericalValue - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - - - - - - - - - hasDateOfCalibration - hasDateOfCalibration - - - - - - - hasURIValue - hasURIValue + + + + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. + hasStringValue + hasStringValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - + - - - - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - hasModel - hasModel - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + + + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + hasDataValue + hasDataValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). @@ -1968,25 +1951,6 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - - - - hasURLValue - hasURLValue - - - - - - - - - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - hasStringValue - hasStringValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - - @@ -1998,6 +1962,35 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + + + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + hasModel + hasModel + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + + + + hasURIValue + hasURIValue + + + + + + + + + hasDateOfCalibration + hasDateOfCalibration + + @@ -2005,6 +1998,13 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasURNValue + + + + hasURLValue + hasURLValue + + @@ -2013,11 +2013,41 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa + + + + + + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + uneceCommonCode + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + + + + + + metrologicalReference + metrologicalReference + + + + + + + + + + + ISO9000Reference + ISO9000Reference + + @@ -2029,6 +2059,62 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. + + + + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + conceptualisation + conceptualisation + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). + + + + + + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + wikidataReference + https://www.wikidata.org/ + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + + + + + + An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. + elucidation + elucidation + Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. + An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + + + + + + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + etymology + etymology + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. + + + + + + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + contact + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + + @@ -2049,31 +2135,17 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - + - - - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - wikipediaReference - https://www.wikipedia.org/ - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + - + - - An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. - elucidation - elucidation - Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. - An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - + - @@ -2087,60 +2159,17 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - - - - ISO9000Reference - ISO9000Reference + + - + - - - - - - - - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - VIMTerm - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - VIMTerm - quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - - - - - - metrologicalReference - metrologicalReference - - - - - - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - conceptualisation - conceptualisation - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). - - - - - - - - - - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + example + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. @@ -2154,73 +2183,74 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) - + + + + + URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. + dbpediaReference + https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ + dbpediaReference + URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. + + + - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - uneceCommonCode - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + ucumCode + https://ucum.org/ + ucumCode + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - + - - - - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - contact - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - - - - - - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - IEVReference - https://www.electropedia.org/ - IEVReference - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - - - + - - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - qudtReference - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + + + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + iupacReference + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacReference - + - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - etymology - etymology - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - + + + + + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. + VIMTerm + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + VIMTerm + quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - - + + + + ISO14040Reference + ISO14040Reference - + @@ -2235,6 +2265,17 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + + + + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + wikipediaReference + https://www.wikipedia.org/ + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + + @@ -2245,112 +2286,67 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - - - - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - wikidataReference - https://www.wikidata.org/ - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - - - + - - - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - iupacReference - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - iupacReference - - - - + + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + qudtReference + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - + - - + + - - URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - dbpediaReference - https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ - dbpediaReference - URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - - - - - - - - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - ucumCode - https://ucum.org/ - ucumCode - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + IEVReference + https://www.electropedia.org/ + IEVReference + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - + - + - - - - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - example - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - - - - - - - + - + - + - + - + - - - - ISO14040Reference - ISO14040Reference + + - + @@ -2358,326 +2354,285 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - - - - - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - MultiplicationFactor - MultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 - 10-78.1 - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - + + + - - - - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). - -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - RatioQuantity - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant - - - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - Force - Force - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force - 4-9.1 - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - - - - - - - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Extensive - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Mass -Volume -Entropy + + + + AreaDensityUnit + AreaDensityUnit - - - - - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQDerivedQuantity - ISQDerivedQuantity - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + + + + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + DerivedQuantity + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + derived quantity - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + - + - + - - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - EMMO - EMMO - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. +ISO 80000-1 + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. + +Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + +For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + +However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + +For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + +As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, +— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and +— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. +ISO 80000-1 + PhysicalQuantity + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - - - - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - Declared - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + + Probe + Probe + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. + In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. + In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) + In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). + In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry - - + + - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.) - In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). + The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge - PostProcessingModel - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + Coulometry + Coulometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - + + + + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + Dilatometry + https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + + + + + The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + + A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + CharacterisationTechnique + Characterisation procedure + Characterisation technique + CharacterisationTechnique + The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + + - - + + T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - MagneticMoment - MagneticAreaMoment - MagneticMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 - 6-23 - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 + SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - ElectromagneticQuantity - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - - - - - - - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) - CubicExpansionCoefficient - CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 - 5-3.2 - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + + + + Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + DataAcquisitionRate + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - ThermalExpansionCoefficient - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + Property + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. +Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. + The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - - - - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - LinearExpansionCoefficient - LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 - 5-3.1 - Relative change of length per change of temperature. + + + + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + da una forma non propria ad una forma propria + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + Powder: +particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - - - - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - UserCase - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + + A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + WorkpieceForming + ArchetypeForming + PrimitiveForming + WorkpieceForming - - - - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - String - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). - -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + + The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + DewPointTemperature + DewPointTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 + 5-36 + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - ElectronNeutrino - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + ThermodynamicTemperature + ThermodynamicTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature + 5-1 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - FirstGenerationFermion - FirstGenerationFermion + DownAntiQuarkType + DownAntiQuarkType - - - + + - + - + - + @@ -2685,111 +2640,169 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' proc + + + + + + + + + + + - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - NeutrinoType - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino + AntiQuark + AntiQuark - - - - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - Symbol - AlphabeticEntity - Symbol - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - -Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. -(Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + + + + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Network + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - - - - - - - - - - - - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - Symbolic - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. -For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). + + + + + + + + + + + + A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + HolisticSystem + HolisticSystem + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - - - - - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Participant - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - A student during an examination. + + + + + Square root of the slowing down area. + SlowingDownLength + SlowingDownLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 + 10-73.1 + Square root of the slowing down area. - + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Extend of a spatial dimension. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length + Length + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length + 3-1.1 + Extend of a spatial dimension. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 + + + + + + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + ManufacturingDevice + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + + + + + + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + Device + Equipment + Machine + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + + + - - A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). -However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. -In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. -To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Object - Continuant - Endurant - Object - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). + +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. + Process + Occurrent + Perdurant + Process + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - + + + - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - NonTemporalRole - HolisticSpatialPart - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SubProcess + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - - - + + + + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + DimensionlessUnit + DimensionlessUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples + + + + + - + - + @@ -2797,1313 +2810,296 @@ To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a low - + - + - - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - CausalSystem - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + MeasurementUnit + MeasurementUnit + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + kg +m/s +km + measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - MathematicalModel - MathematicalModel - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - +"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." - - - - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal - - MeasurementParameter - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. + Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - + + - A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - Parameter - Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. + Mathematical + Mathematical + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - + - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricConductivityUnit - ElectricConductivityUnit + + FrequencyUnit + FrequencyUnit - - - - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure - -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: - -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ - -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - SIDimensionalUnit - SIDimensionalUnit - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure - -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: - -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ - -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - - - - - - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - ThermalCutting - Thermisches Abtragen - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - - - - - - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - DiscreteData - DiscreteData - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - - - - - - - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Status - State - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - - - - - - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - TemporalRole - HolisticTemporalPart - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + + + AntiTau + AntiTau - - - + + - - + + - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - MeanMassRange - MeanMassRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 - 10-57 - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - - - - - - - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material - Material - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - - - - - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - OrdinaryMatter - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + + + + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + MeasuredConstant + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - Substance - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + EMMO + EMMO + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - ThermalConductanceUnit - ThermalConductanceUnit + + + + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + Declared + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - - - - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - CausalConvexSystem - CausalConvexSystem - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + + + + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - - - - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - ModelledProperty - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + SimulationApplication + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - SpecificActivity - MassicActivity - SpecificActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 - 10-28 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - - - - - - - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - OsmoticPressure - OsmoticPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 - 9-28 - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - Pressure - Pressure - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure - 4-14.1 - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - PhysioChemicalQuantity - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - - - - - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - RollingResistance - RollingDrag - RollingFrictionForce - RollingResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 - 4-9.5 - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - MechanicalQuantity - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - - - - - - - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - RollingResistanceFactor - RollingResistanceFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 - 4-23.3 - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - - - - - - Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemi- cal/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. - Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switch- ing potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. - The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. - The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate - - CyclicVoltammetry - CV - CyclicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - - Voltammetry - Voltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PerVolumeUnit - PerVolumeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 - 10-39 - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 2 - - - - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Proton - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - - - - - - - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - VacuumMagneticPermeability - PermeabilityOfVacuum - VacuumMagneticPermeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum - 6-26.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - Permeability - ElectromagneticPermeability - Permeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability - 6-26.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - - - - - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - - - - - - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - - - - - - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Intensive - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Temperature -Density -Pressure -ChemicalPotential - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Manufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - Manufacturing - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - - - - - - - - / - - - - Division - Division - - - - - - ArithmeticOperator - ArithmeticOperator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - LinearEnergyTransfer - LinearEnergyTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 - 10-85 - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - - - - - - Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). - The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge - - Coulometry - Coulometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 - electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - - ElectrochemicalTesting - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - - - - - - - BlueDownAntiQuark - BlueDownAntiQuark - - - - - - - ActivityCoefficient - ActivityCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 - 9-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - - - - - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Tomography - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - - - - - - The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - - A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - CharacterisationTechnique - Characterisation procedure - Characterisation technique - CharacterisationTechnique - The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedAntiQuark - RedAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiQuark - AntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): -- object (focus on spatial configuration) -- process (focus on temporal evolution) - -The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - -For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - -Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. - -This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). - -The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. - The union of the object or process classes. - Persistence - Persistence - The union of the object or process classes. - - - - - - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - - - - - - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - Tempering - QuenchingAndTempering - Vergüten - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - - - - - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - HeatTreatment - wärmebehandeln - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - - - - - ScatteringAndDiffraction - ScatteringAndDiffraction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Measurement - - - - - - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Sample - Specimen - Sample - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - - - - - - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - MagneticSusceptibility - MagneticSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 - 6-28 - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - - - - - - - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - MeanDurationOfLife - MeanLifeTime - MeanDurationOfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 - 10-25 - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - - - - - - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - Duration - Duration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 - 3-9 - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - - - - - - - Internal energy per amount of substance. - MolarInternalEnergy - MolarInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 - 9-6.1 - Internal energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Energy per amount of substance. - MolarEnergy - MolarEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 - Energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - TimeConstant - TimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 - 3-15 - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - - - - - - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - - - - - - FormingFromPulp - FormingFromPulp - - - - - - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - Metrological - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 - 10-40 - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Deducer - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. - Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - -On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. - Interpreter - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). - -The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - - - - - Letter - Letter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - File - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - - - - - - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - DigitalData - BinaryData - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + + + + + RedDownAntiQuark + RedDownAntiQuark - - - - - + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - SystemResource - Resource - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - - - - - - A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. - Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. - The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface - - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - PhysicsEquation - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrödinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedModel - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + + + + + RedAntiQuark + RedAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - An equation with variables can always be represented as: - -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - Equation - Equation - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuark + DownAntiQuark - - - - Real part of the impedance. - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 - 6-51.2 - Real part of the impedance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + GasMixture + GasMixture - - - - - - - - - - - - - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - ElectricResistance - Resistance - ElectricResistance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 - 6-46 - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 + + + + + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - - - - - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - HalfLife - HalfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 - 10-31 - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + + + + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - - - - - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - TemporallyRedundant - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + + + A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Object + Continuant + Endurant + Object + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. @@ -4128,199 +3124,180 @@ sin(x) = y If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - Enthalpy per unit mass. - SpecificEnthalpy - SpecificEnthalpy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 - 5-21.3 - Enthalpy per unit mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Energy per unit mass - SpecificEnergy - SpecificEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy - 5-21.1 - Energy per unit mass - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy - - - - - - - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - IonTransportNumber - CurrentFraction - TransferrenceNumber - IonTransportNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 - 9-46 - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - AngularAcceleration - AngularAcceleration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration - 3-13 - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - JunctionTile - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + Meson + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - - - LaserCutting - LaserCutting + + + + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + HybridMatter + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - + - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - PressureUnit - PressureUnit + + + + CompositeBoson + CompositeBoson + Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state. - + - - - T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + + + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + Hadron + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron - - - - Magnetizing - Magnetizing + + + + + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Stage + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. - - - - - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - esce workpiece - MaterialTreatment - DIN 8580:2020 - Stoffeigenschaft ändern - WorkPieceTreatment - MaterialTreatment - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + + + + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + ConventionalProperty + ConventionalProperty + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - - + + + + + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + ObjectiveProperty + PhysicalProperty + QuantitativeProperty + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + + + + - + - + - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 - 4-21.1 + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time + Time + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + 3-7 + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - - + + + - + - + - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + @@ -4333,1280 +3310,1090 @@ If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum - - GreenAntiQuark - GreenAntiQuark - - - - - - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - PoissonNumber - PoissonsRatio - PoissonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 - 4-18 - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQBaseQuantity + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a - SpatioTemporalTile - WellFormedTile - SpatioTemporalTile + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - - + + + - - - - - - + + - - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - Tile - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - - - - + - - T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - MassPerTimeUnit - MassPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - + + - - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - Icon - Model - Simulacrum - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - - - - - - + + - - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - TotalMassStoppingPower - MassStoppingPower - TotalMassStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 - 10-55 - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - Role - HolisticPart - Part - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Measurement - - - - - - + + + + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data + + MeasurementTime + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data + + + + - - + + T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + - Mass per length. - LinearMassDensity - LinearDensity - LineicMass - LinearMassDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 - 4-6 - Mass per length. + AmountConductivityUnit + AmountConductivityUnit - + + + + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure + +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + SIDimensionalUnit + SIDimensionalUnit + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure + +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + + + + + + + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + Attenuation + Extinction + Attenuation + 3-26.1 + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + + + - - + - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - EnergyFluence - EnergyFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 - 10-46 - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - - - - - - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - AnalogData - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. -Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). -A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - EncodedData - EncodedVariation - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. - -Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). -Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. -Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. -Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). - A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data + The inverse of length. + ReciprocalLength + InverseLength + ReciprocalLength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - + + + - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassExcess - RelativeMassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 - 10-22.1 - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - - - - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - TransformationLanguage - TransformationLanguage - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language - Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML - - - - - - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - ConstructionLanguage - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - - - - PlasticSintering - PlasticSintering + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + IonTransportNumber + CurrentFraction + TransferrenceNumber + IonTransportNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 + 9-46 + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 - - - - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - Sintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering - Sintern - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - + + - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - AreaPerTemperatureUnit + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + RatioQuantity + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant - + + - + - + - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - DynamicViscosity - Viscosity - DynamicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 - 4-24 - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 + Electric charge per volume. + ElectricChargeDensity + VolumeElectricCharge + ElectricChargeDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 + 6-3 + Electric charge per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 - - - - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - LorenzNumberUnit - LorenzNumberUnit - - - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - - - - - - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SolidMixture - SolidMixture - - - - - - DefinedEdgeCutting - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden - DefinedEdgeCutting + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQDerivedQuantity + ISQDerivedQuantity + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - - - - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - SeparateManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - CuttingManufacturing - Trennen - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + ElectromagneticQuantity + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - - - - - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - EndStep - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + SpecificActivity + MassicActivity + SpecificActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 + 10-28 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - Step - Step - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + + + + A software application to process characterisation data + + CharacterisationSoftware + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - - - - - - EndTile - EndTile + + + + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + ApplicationProgram + App + Application + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Inverse of the quality factor. - LossFactor - LossFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 - 6-54 - Inverse of the quality factor. + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + AmountConcentration + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - - - - - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Intensive + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + + + + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + Concentration + Concentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - - - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. + + + + + + + + + + + + + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + ThermalTransmittance + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 + 5-10.1 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - - + + - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - PotentialEnergy - PotentialEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy - 4-28.1 - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - + - + - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - Energy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy - 5-20-1 - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + Energy per amount of substance. + MolarEnergy + MolarEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 + Energy per amount of substance. - - - - - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - RelativeMassDensity - RelativeDensity - RelativeMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 - 4-4 - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + + + + + ElementaryBoson + ElementaryBoson - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + Description + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A biography. + A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + - - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - UnitSymbol - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - Electron - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron - - - - - - - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 - 12-15.1 - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - - - - - - - The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - MeanFreePath - MeanFreePath - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 - 9-38 - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + GaugeBoson + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - - - - - T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + FundamentalBoson + FundamentalBoson + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons - - - - - For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. - IsentropicExponent - IsentropicExponent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 - 5-17.2 + + + + + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + ManufacturedProduct + Artifact + Engineered + TangibleProduct + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - ThermodynamicalQuantity - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + CausalStructure + CausalObject + CausalStructure + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - - - - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. -This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. - The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. - Arrangement - MereologicalState - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. - -If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + + + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + InternalEnergy + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy + 5.20-2 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - - + + + + + - - + + - - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - SpatialTiling - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - - - - - - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - - - - - - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - - CreepTesting - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy + Energy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy + 5-20-1 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - + + - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - - MechanicalTesting - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - - - - - - Casting - Casting - - - - - - FormingFromLiquid - FormingFromLiquid + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + CharacterisationData + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - + - - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - PerTimeMassUnit - PerTimeMassUnit - - - - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - Data - Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 - Contrast - Dedomena - Pattern - Data - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + EncodedData + EncodedVariation + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. - - - - - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - Curvature - Curvature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature - 3-2 - Inverse of the radius of curvature. +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). + A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + + + + + + + + + + + + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + IntentionalProcess + Project + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - - + + - - - + + - - The inverse of length. - ReciprocalLength - InverseLength - ReciprocalLength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length + + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + Whole + Whole + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - - - - electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current - - ICI - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - ICI - electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - - - - The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current - - Chronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry - potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + Item + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - - - - ISO80000Categorised - ISO80000Categorised + + + + ReactionSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + ReactionSintering - - - - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Laboratory - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + Sintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering + Sintern + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - - + + + - The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - DewPointTemperature - DewPointTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 - 5-36 - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 + MolarEnthalpy + MolarEnthalpy + Enthalpy per amount of substance. + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 + 9-6.2 - - - + + + - - + - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - ThermodynamicTemperature - ThermodynamicTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature - 5-1 - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - - - - - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - Viscometry - Viscosity - Viscometry - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Mass per amount of substance. + MolarMass + MolarMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 + 9-4 + Mass per amount of substance. - - + + - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - AES - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - + + - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - Microscopy - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Voltammetry + Voltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - HardeningByRolling - VerfestigendurchWalzen - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CausalConvexSystem + CausalConvexSystem + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - - - - HardeningByForming - Verfestigen durch Umformen - HardeningByForming + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + CausalSystem + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + A electron binded by a nucleus. - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyUnit - EnergyUnit - - - - - - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - Concentration - Concentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricConductivity - Conductivity - ElectricConductivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 - 6-43 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - Matrix - 2DArray - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - - - - - - Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. - -See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. - Array - Array - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, -a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, -an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, -and so forth... + PerAreaUnit + PerAreaUnit - + - - - + + + - + - - + + + + + + - - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - SpatioTemporalTessellation - WellFormedTessellation - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - - - - - - - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - RadiantEnergy - RadiantEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 - 10-45 - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumeFractionUnit - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. - - - - - - Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this -is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). --- SI Brochure - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - FractionUnit - RatioUnit - FractionUnit - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - - - - - - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - VPO - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - - - - - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - Osmometry - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + Icon + Model + Simulacrum + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - + + - + - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - Entropy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy - 5-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Action + Action + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 + 4-32 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - - - + + - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - MeanLinearRange - MeanLinearRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 - 10-56 - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + MechanicalQuantity + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - - - + + + + + CouplingFactor + InductiveCouplingFactor + CouplingFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 + 6-42.1 + + + + - - - + + - Extend of a spatial dimension. - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length - Length - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length - 3-1.1 - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - - - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - Description - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A biography. - A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + + IonMobilitySpectrometry + IMS + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - - - - - - - - + + + + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + Spectrometry + Spectrometry + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + + + + + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + MarkupLanguage + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + HTML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + + + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + ComputerLanguage + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language + + + - - + + + + + + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + Sign + Sign + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. + + + - - + + + - + + + + + + + + @@ -5614,271 +4401,325 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). - + - A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. -A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. -A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. -For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. -An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). -This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - Coded - Coded - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. - The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. + Interpreter + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). + +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - + + + - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - PowerUnit - PowerUnit + + + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + Observation + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - - - - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Determination + Characterisation + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. + -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - ComputerLanguage - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on + + + + + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + DisplacementVector + DisplacementVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 + 12-7.3 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language + + + + vector quantity between any two points in space + Displacement + Displacement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) + 3-1.11 + vector quantity between any two points in space + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) - - - - + + - ActivityFactor - ActivityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 - 9-22 + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - - - - + + + + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + PSA + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + + - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + VectorMeson + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - + + + + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + TechnologyProcess + ProductionEngineeringProcess + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + + + + + + + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + PhaseCoefficient + PhaseChangeCoefficient + PhaseCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 + 3-26.2 + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + + + - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - EntropyPerMassUnit - EntropyPerMassUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit - - + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + TemporalTile + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + + - + - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - LorenzCoefficient - LorenzNumber - LorenzCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 - 12-18 - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - - - - - - - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 - 9-35.1 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + BurgersVector + BurgersVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 + 12-6 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - - + + + - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - RadialDistance - RadialDistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 - 3-1.9 - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + HalfValueThickness + HalfValueThickness + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 + 10-53 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - + - Distance is the norm of Displacement. - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - Distance - Distance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance - 3-1.8 - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - KnownConstant - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - - - - - - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - - - - - - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - Constant - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + Thickness + Thickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 + 3-1.4 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - - + + - + - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - ParticleFluence - ParticleFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 - 10-43 - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 + 10-4.3 + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + PhysicalConstant + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - - - + + + - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 - 12-36.3 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + SlowingDownArea + SlowingDownArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 + 10-72.1 + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - + + - + - + - Often denoted B. - Strength of the magnetic field. - MagneticFluxDensity - MagneticInduction - MagneticFluxDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 - 6-21 - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 + Extent of a surface. + Area + Area + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area + 3-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - - + - - - - - - - - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - ProbeSampleInteraction - ProbeSampleInteraction - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist + PhysicalPhenomenon + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. @@ -5896,240 +4737,299 @@ https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineeringIt is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - - - ActivityOfSolute - RelativeActivityOfSolute - ActivityOfSolute - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 - 9-24 + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - - - - - Magnitude of the wave vector. - AngularWavenumber - AngularRepetency - AngularWavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 - 3-22 - Magnitude of the wave vector. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - - - - - - - - - - - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - CharacterisationEnvironment - CharacterisationEnvironment - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + + + + + + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - - - - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + CoatingManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Beschichten + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - - + + + + MergingManufacturing + AddingManufacturing + MergingManufacturing + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - PressureCoefficient - PressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 - 5-4 - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Mass + Mass + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass + 4-1 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - - - + + + - ThermalDiffusionRatio - ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 - 9-40.1 + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Extensive + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Mass +Volume +Entropy + + + + + + + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + WaveVector + WaveVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 + 3-21 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + + + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + MassExcess + MassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 + 10-21.1 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 + + + + + + + - - + + - - Deduction - IndexSemiosis - Deduction - - - - - - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - HalfValueThickness - HalfValueThickness - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 - 10-53 - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + ExtentOfReaction + ExtentOfReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 + 9-31 + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - - - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - Thickness - Thickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 - 3-1.4 - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + + + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + Screwing + Schrauben + Screwing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - Property - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - Hardness is a subclass of properties. -Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + + + + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + Soldering + Löten + Soldering - - - - - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - HoleDensity - HoleDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 - 12-29.2 - Number of holes in valence band per volume. + + + + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + JoinManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Fügen + JoinManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - - + + + - Count per volume. - VolumetricNumberDensity - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + OsmoticPressure + OsmoticPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 + 9-28 + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 - + + - - + - - RelativePressureCoefficient - RelativePressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 - 5-3.3 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + Pressure + Pressure + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure + 4-14.1 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - + + - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - PlanckConstant - PlanckConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum + 6-35.2 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - + - - + - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - AngularMomentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum - 4-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + Speed + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed + 3-8.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 @@ -6141,35 +5041,109 @@ Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and inst Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - - - - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - SparkErosion - elektrochemisches Abtragen - SparkErosion + + + + + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + FermiAnglularRepetency + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 + 12-9.2 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + + + + + + + Magnitude of the wave vector. + AngularWavenumber + AngularRepetency + AngularWavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 + 3-22 + Magnitude of the wave vector. + + + + + + + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + NeutronYieldPerFission + NeutronYieldPerFission + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 + 10-74.1 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + + + + + + A pure number, typically the number of something. + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. + +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. + +There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. + PureNumberQuantity + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + Electron + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron - - - - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - Ablation - Abtragen - Ablation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FirstGenerationFermion + FirstGenerationFermion - - + + - + - + - + @@ -6178,616 +5152,596 @@ Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and inst - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - FundamentalInteraction - FundamentalInteraction - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + ElectronType + ElectronType - - - - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - CausalInteraction - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + UltrasonicTesting + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - - - - FormingFromChip - FormingFromChip + + + + + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + RelativeVolumeStrain + BulkStrain + VolumeStrain + RelativeVolumeStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 + 4-17.4 + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 - - - - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - da una forma non propria ad una forma propria - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - Powder: -particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 + 9-27.3 - - - - - - - 1 - - + + + + + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + AbsoluteActivity + AbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 + 9-18 + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 + + + + + + - - - 2 + + - - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Neutron - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron + + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 + 10-38.1 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - - - - - - - - - - - Either a proton or a neutron. - Nucleon - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + + + A function defined using functional notation. + A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). + MathematicalFunction + FunctionDefinition + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) - - - - - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - Gyroradius - LarmorRadius - Gyroradius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 - 10-17 - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - + + + + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + DefiningEquation + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - - - - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - Radius - Radius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius - 3-1.6 - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius +The definition of density as mass/volume. + +y = f(x) - - - - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - MaterialsProcessing - ContinuumManufacturing - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + + + + + T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + VolumePerMassUnit + VolumePerMassUnit - - - - - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - DragForce - DragForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 - 4-9.6 - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + Role + HolisticPart + Part + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - - - - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - AnalogicalIcon - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. - Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance - MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + + + + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. + +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + BondedAtom + BondedAtom + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - - + + - - + + - - - 1 + + - - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. + + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - CalibrationProcess - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - - - - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + Atom + ChemicalElement + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - - ReferenceSample - Certified Reference Material - Reference material - ReferenceSpecimen - ReferenceSample - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Reference material - +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThermalDiffusivity - ThermalDiffusionCoefficient - ThermalDiffusivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 - 5-14 +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - - - - - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + + + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + FormingBlasting + Umformstrahlen + FormingBlasting - - - + + + - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - DebyeWallerFactor - DebyeWallerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 - 12-8 - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 + 10-49 + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - - - + + + + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + Computation + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + + + - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - ElectronAffinity - ElectronAffinity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 - 12-25 - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + DragCoefficient + DragFactor + DragCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 + 4-23.4 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - - - - - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - ResonanceEnergy - ResonanceEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 - 10-37.2 - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + + + + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + DataPreparation + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - - + + - - + + - - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - Nucleus - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + DataProcessing + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - - - - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - UnitOne - Unitless - UnitOne - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + + + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + PhysicsEquation + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - DimensionlessUnit - DimensionlessUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - Refractive index -Plane angle -Number of apples + + + + + + + + + + + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedModel + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - - - - - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - BraggAngle - BraggAngle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 - 12-4 - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - + + + + + + + + + + + An equation with variables can always be represented as: - - - - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - Angle - PlaneAngle - Angle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - 3-5 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - - - - - AntiTau - AntiTau +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + Equation + Equation + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - - - - AntiElectronType - AntiElectronType + + + + + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + Declarer + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). + Someone who assigns a name to an object. - + + + + + Degenerency + Multiplicity + Degenerency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 + 9-36.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 + + + - - - - - - - - + + - - - ThirdGenerationFermion - ThirdGenerationFermion + + + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + Symbolic + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - - - - - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - NumericalData - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + + + + + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + DiscreteData + DiscreteData + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - - + + + + + + - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ForceUnit - ForceUnit + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + MagnetomotiveForce + MagnetomotiveForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 + 6-37.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - - - - A participant that is the driver of the process. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - Agent - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. + FunctionalIcon + FunctionalIcon + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). + A guinea pig. + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - - + + + + + + + - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + + + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + ElectricCharge + Charge + ElectricCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 + 6-2 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - - - - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - StandardUnit - ReferenceMaterial - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + + + + KineticFrictionFactor + DynamicFrictionFactor + KineticFrictionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 + 4-23.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - MetrologicalReference - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + + + + + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + CoefficientOfFriction + FrictionCoefficient + FrictionFactor + CoefficientOfFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - - + + - MergingManufacturing - AddingManufacturing - MergingManufacturing + ElectrolyticDeposition + ElectrolyticDeposition - - + + - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - WorkpieceManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - DiscreteManufacturing - Werkstücke - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + FormingFromIonised + FormingFromIonised - - - - IsothermalConversion - IsothermalConversion + + + + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + Path + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) +C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) - - - - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - EDS - EDX - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + + + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + String + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. + +In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + ResourceIdentifier + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + + + + - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Rationale + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - - + + + + + + + + + - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. - Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. - Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. - Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. - Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - StrippingVoltammetry - StrippingVoltammetry - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + ProbeSampleInteraction + ProbeSampleInteraction + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal @@ -6811,630 +5765,668 @@ manufacturing: production of components Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - - - - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - Cutting - Schneiden - Cutting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - SolubilityProduct - SolubilityProductConstant - SolubilityProduct - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - - - - - - - The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - EquilibriumConstant - EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis - EquilibriumConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - - - - - - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassDefect - RelativeMassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 - 10-22.2 - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - - - - - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - RelaxationTime - RelaxationTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 - 12-32.1 - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - - - - - - - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - SubjectiveProperty - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + BeginStep + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - + - - + + + - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - Quantity - Measurand - Quantity - https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - length -Rockwell C hardness -electric resistance - measurand - quantity - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - - - - - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. - -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. - -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. - -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - Subjective - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. - - - - - - - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - RawData - RawData - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. - In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - MeasurementResult - MeasurementResult - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - measurement result - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - - - - - - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - CharacterisationData - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + + + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + Step + Step + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - - - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - TechnologyProcess - ProductionEngineeringProcess - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + + + + + + BeginTile + BeginTile - - + + - If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential - - Chronoamperometry - AmperiometricDetection - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Chronoamperometry - amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + CSV + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). - In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. - The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. + Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. + Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. + Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. + Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - Amperometry - Amperometry - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + StrippingVoltammetry + StrippingVoltammetry + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + + BlueDownAntiQuark + BlueDownAntiQuark + + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - TotalLinearStoppingPower - LinearStoppingPower - TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 - 10-54 - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 + Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. + Density + MassConcentration + MassDensity + Density + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density + Mass per volume. + 4-2 + 9-10 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - + + + + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + AnalogData + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + + + - + - + - Number of periods per time interval. - Frequency - Frequency - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 - 3-15.1 - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + SurfaceMassDensity + AreicMass + SurfaceDensity + SurfaceMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 + 4-5 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - + + + + MetallicMaterial + MetallicMaterial + + + + + + + + + + + + + - ElectrolyticConductivity - ElectrolyticConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 - 9-44 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + AcceptorDensity + AcceptorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 + 12-29.5 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - - - - - - HardwareManufacturer - HardwareManufacturer + + + + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. - - - - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + StandaloneAtom + StandaloneAtom + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - - + + - HardwareModel - HardwareModel + RawSample + RawSample - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - SamplePreparation - SamplePreparation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Sample + Specimen + Sample + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - - - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - - CharacterisationProcedure - CharacterisationProcedure - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ActivityDensity + ActivityConcentration + VolumetricActivity + VolumicActivity + ActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 + 10-29 + Activity per unit volume of the sample. - - - - Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. - Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. - The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. - The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. - The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - - NormalPulseVoltammetry - NPV - NormalPulseVoltammetry - voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 + 12-36.3 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - - - - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - XrayDiffraction - XRD - XrayDiffraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + + + + + + + + + + + + + Often denoted B. + Strength of the magnetic field. + MagneticFluxDensity + MagneticInduction + MagneticFluxDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 + 6-21 + Strength of the magnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - URN - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + SpatialTile + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - + - - - + + + - - - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a + SpatioTemporalTile + WellFormedTile + SpatioTemporalTile + -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + + + + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + HeatTreatment + wärmebehandeln + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - SemioticObject - Object - SemioticObject - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + + + + + GreenUpAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenAntiQuark + GreenAntiQuark + + + + + + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + Organisation + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + + + + - FrequencyUnit - FrequencyUnit + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + GroupVelocity + GroupSpeed + GroupVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity + 3-23.2 + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - + + + + + + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Velocity + Velocity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3-8.1 + 3‑10.1 + + + + - - + + + + + + - - Cognition - IconSemiosis - Cognition + + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + CalibrationTask + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - + - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - + + + + + + - - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Semiosis - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + + + CharacterisationTask + CharacterisationTask + -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + Lepton + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - - - - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - DampingCoefficient - DampingCoefficient - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 - 3-24 - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalMatterParticle - - - - FormingJoin - FormingJoin + + + + + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + NonLeakageProbability + NonLeakageProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 + 10-77 + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - - - - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - JoinManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Fügen - JoinManufacturing - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + + + + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - ElectricCharge - Charge - ElectricCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 - 6-2 - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AreaUnit + AreaUnit + + + + + + + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 - 5-29 - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + MagneticReluctivityUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit - - + + - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. - It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid - Object that is processed with a machine - Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - They are not powders or threads - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - fili e polveri non sono compresi - it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. - it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape - powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them - WorkPiece - Werkstück - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + Factory + IndustrialPlant + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + + + + + In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + MetrologicalUncertainty + A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. + MetrologicalUncertainty + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + - Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - - - - A construction language used to write configuration files. - ConfigurationLanguage - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - .ini files - Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages + + + + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + NonTemporalRole + HolisticSpatialPart + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. - + - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - CyclotronAngularFrequency - CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 - 10-16 - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 + 10-15.3 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. @@ -7452,716 +6444,755 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - SemioticEntity - SemioticEntity - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricChargeUnit - ElectricChargeUnit - - - - - - - RedStrangeAntiQuark - RedStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrangeAntiQuark - StrangeAntiQuark - + + + + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). +The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured +NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form +“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. +NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment +(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). +NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite +for adjustment. +NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - - - - - - - - - - - - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - Luminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured +NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form +“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. +NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment +(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). +NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite +for adjustment. +NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - VolumicElectromagneticEnergy - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 - 6-33 - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). +The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Adjustment - - - - - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 - 12-15.2 - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + + + + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + + CharacterisationProcedure + CharacterisationProcedure + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + + + + PhysicalyUnbonded + PhysicalyUnbonded - - - - - - - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - MaterialsModel - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + PhysicallyInteractingConvex - - + + + + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + PrincipalQuantumNumber + PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 + 10-13.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + + + + + + + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + QuantumNumber + QuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 + 10-13.1 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + + + + - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + HPPC + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + HPPC + electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load - - + + + The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current - ChargeDistribution - ChargeDistribution + Chronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry + potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - + + + + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + + SampleInspection + SampleInspection + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + + + + + + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + NumberOfEntities + NumberOfEntities + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 + 9-1 + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + + + + - - + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - NuclearMagneton - NuclearMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 - 10-9.3 - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 + PerTemperatureUnit + PerTemperatureUnit - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedFractionUnit - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. + + + + + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - + + - - + - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - ParticleSourceDensity - ParticleSourceDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 - 10-66 - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + Entropy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy + 5-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - + + + + + T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + QuarticLengthUnit + QuarticLengthUnit + + + + - + - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 - 12-2.2 - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + LorenzCoefficient + LorenzNumber + LorenzCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 + 12-18 + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - - - + + + - Degenerency - Multiplicity - Degenerency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 - 9-36.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PermeabilityUnit - PermeabilityUnit - - - - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - LinearChronopotentiometry - LinearChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - AmountFractionUnit - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + PhaseDifference + DisplacementAngle + PhaseDifference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 + 6-48 + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - - - - Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. - The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point - - CoulometricTitration - CoulometricTitration - titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point + + + + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + Angle + PlaneAngle + Angle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + 3-5 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - Computation - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - A matematician that calculates 2+2. -A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. + Width + Breadth + Width + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 + 3-1.2 + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - + - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 - 10-70 - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + TotalIonization + TotalIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 + 10-59 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - + + - + - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - Torque - Torque - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque - 4-12.2 - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + SurfaceActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 + 10-30 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - LongRangeOrderParameter - LongRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 - 12-5.2 - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - Fermion - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + ParticleFluence + ParticleFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 + 10-43 + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - Boson - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + TotalMassStoppingPower + MassStoppingPower + TotalMassStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 + 10-55 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - Variable - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - x -k + + + + + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + MagneticSusceptibility + MagneticSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 + 6-28 + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - - + + + + + + + + + + + - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. - Mathematical - Mathematical - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + LinearEnergyTransfer + LinearEnergyTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 + 10-85 + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - - - - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). + + + + + + + + + + + + + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. -For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. - Process - Occurrent - Perdurant - Process - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + SemioticObject + Object + SemioticObject + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + SemioticEntity + SemioticEntity + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + + + + - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + + + + + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - CharacterisationSystem - CharacterisationSystem - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Measuring system + Microscopy + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - - - - - - - - - - - A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - HolisticSystem - HolisticSystem - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MetrologicalReference + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - - + + + + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Metrological + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + + + - - + + - - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + + ReciprocalDuration + InverseDuration + InverseTime + ReciprocalTime + ReciprocalDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 + --- VIM - MeasuringSystem - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + + + + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + OxidationNumber + OxidationState + OxidationNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 + --- VIM - measuring system + + + + + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. + The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. + ChargeNumber + IonizationNumber + ChargeNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number + 10-5.2 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + + + + + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 + 10-60 + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + + + + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + EDS + EDX + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + -While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - QuantityValue - QuantityValue - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - quantity value - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + + + + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - PerAmountUnit - PerAmountUnit + + + + + The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + MeanFreePath + MeanFreePath + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 + 9-38 + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 - - - - - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m + + + + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + PathLength + ArcLength + PathLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length + 3-1.7 + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length - - - - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - DerivedUnit - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - derived unit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM + + + + + ChargeDistribution + ChargeDistribution - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicNumber - AtomicNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - 10-1.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + + + + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + Profilometry + Profilometry + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - + + - A pure number, typically the number of something. - According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. - -This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + RelativeLinearStrain + RelativeLinearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 + 4-17.2 + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + -There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. - PureNumberQuantity - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, -i, -π, -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + + + + CompositeMaterial + CompositeMaterial - + - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - An integer number. - Integer - Integer - An integer number. + + + + + + + + + + + + + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + FundamentalFermion + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion @@ -8177,289 +7208,322 @@ the number of protons in the nucleus of an atomIn an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - - - - MicrowaveSintering - MicrowaveSintering + + + + + + - + + + + Minus + Minus + + + + + + ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator + + + + + + + Dissociation may occur stepwise. + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + DegreeOfDissociation + DissociationFraction + DegreeOfDissociation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 + 9-43 + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - IRI - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + AntiMatter + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - - - + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQBaseQuantity - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + Matter + PhysicalSubstance + Matter + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + ForcePerLengthUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit + --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + + + + + + + + + + + + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + Program + Executable + Program + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + --- ISO 80000-3 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - PositionVector - Position - PositionVector - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + + + + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + Software + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - - + + + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + TEM + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + + + + + + + - - + + - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - Vector - 1DArray - LinearArray - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + Heat capacity divided by mass. + SpecificHeatCapacity + SpecificHeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity + 5-16.1 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountConcentrationUnit - AmountConcentrationUnit + + + + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + Ablation + Abtragen + Ablation - - - - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + + + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + SeparateManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + CuttingManufacturing + Trennen + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - - - - + + + + Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. + The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. + The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped + + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + DPV + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + - - + + - - - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - DiffusionCoefficient - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - - - + - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - - - VolumePerAmountUnit - VolumePerAmountUnit - - - - - - - + - - + + - - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - ParticleCurrentDensity - ParticleCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 - 10-48 - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + SamplePreparation + SamplePreparation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - - - - - - - - - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - CondensedMatter - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + + + + + SamplePreparationInstrument + SamplePreparationInstrument - - - - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - ContinuumSubstance - ContinuumSubstance - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). - -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + + + + + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + RotationalDisplacement + AngularDisplacement + RotationalDisplacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 + 3-6 + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - StateOfMatter - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - LuminousIntensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity - 7-14 - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + + WeakBoson + WeakBoson - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -8467,162 +7531,132 @@ A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - + - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Index - Signal - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + +For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. + Coded + Coded + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. + The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - - - - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - StyleSheetLanguage - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - CSS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + + + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + Height + Height + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Height + 3-1.3 + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - EnergyFluenceRate - EnergyFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 - 10-47 - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + QualityFactor + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 + 6-53 + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - - + + + + + GreenTopQuark + GreenTopQuark + + + + - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - DataAnalysis - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - DataProcessing - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + + + + + BlueCharmQuark + BlueCharmQuark - - - - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - VectorMeson - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson + + + + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + 3DPrinting + 3DPrinting + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - Meson - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson + + + + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + AdditiveManufacturing + GenerativeManufacturing + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - - - - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - Path - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) -C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) + + + + FlameCutting + FlameCutting - - - - - - - - - - - - - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - HallCoefficient - HallCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 - 12-19 - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + + + + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + ThermalCutting + Thermisches Abtragen + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + + + + + + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + ScientificTheory + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. @@ -8633,545 +7667,602 @@ C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path)The biography of a person met by the author. - - - - - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - RelativeLinearStrain - RelativeLinearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 - 4-17.2 - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + Objective + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - - - - - - - - - - + + + + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument + Theory + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + + + + + + + ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectronAntiNeutrino + + + + + + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + WorkpieceManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + DiscreteManufacturing + Werkstücke + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Manufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + Manufacturing + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - Lepton - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton + + + + + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + Constituent + ObjectPart + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + A tire is a constituent of a car. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalMatterParticle - FundamentalMatterParticle + + + + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + FTIR + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - - + + + + + T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - MigrationArea - MigrationArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 - 10-72.3 - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - - + - + - + - Extent of a surface. - Area - Area - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area - 3-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 + 4-21.1 - - - - - Porosimetry - Porosimetry + + + + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + ShearCutting + Scherschneiden + ShearCutting - - + + + + + T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - SourceVoltage - SourceTension - SourceVoltage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 - 6-36 - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + MassSquareTimeUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit - - - - Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. - The difference in electric potential between two points. - Voltage - ElectricPotentialDifference - ElectricTension - Voltage - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage - 6-11.3 - The difference in electric potential between two points. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + + + + + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. + SubObject + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. - - + + + + AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - Uncoded - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - A random generated id for a product. - - - - - - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 - 9-16 - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - - - - LatentHeat - LatentHeat - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 - 5-6.2 + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + MagneticDipoleMoment + MagneticDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + 10-9.1 + 6-30 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + 1 - - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - MassFlow - MassFlow - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 - 4-30.1 - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - - - - - + - - - - - - - + + - - UpQuark - UpQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - + + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - - - - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). - ResemblanceIcon - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + Quantity + Measurand + Quantity + https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance + measurand + quantity + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - - - - - - - - - - - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - MagneticTension - MagneticTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 - 6-37.2 - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + + + + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + HardnessTesting + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - - + + - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: +1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. +2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - Holder - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + MechanicalTesting + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: +1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. +2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - + - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 - - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - - - - - + + + + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + MagneticQuantumNumber + MagneticQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 + 10-13.4 + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + + + + - - + + T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + - GaugePressure - GaugePressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 - 4-14.2 + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - MetrologicalUncertainty - A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. - MetrologicalUncertainty - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - - Standard deviation -- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + + + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + GapEnergy + BandgapEnergy + GapEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 + 12-27.2 + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 - - - - - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + SamplePreparationParameter + SamplePreparationParameter + Parameter used for the sample preparation process + -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - ObjectiveProperty - PhysicalProperty - QuantitativeProperty - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + Parameter + Parameter + Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + + + + Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve) + + Chronocoulometry + Chronocoulometry + direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve) + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + NaturalLaw + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + + + + + - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - MassNumber - AtomicMassNumber - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + FermiEnergy + FermiEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 + 12-27.1 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - + + - + - + - Inverse of the reluctance. - Permeance - Permeance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 - 6-40 - Inverse of the reluctance. - - - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassUnit - MassUnit - - - - - - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. - MathematicalFormula - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - - - - - - - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - RybergConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. + ThermalConductivity + ThermalConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity + 5-9 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - - - - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - Wavenumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - 3-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - + - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - AngularMomentumUnit - AngularMomentumUnit + + + + SolidMixture + SolidMixture - + + + + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + + IonChromatography + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - UltrasonicTesting - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + + Chromatography + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography - - + + - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured - FibDic - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + Conductometry + Conductometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - MechanicalEfficiency - MechanicalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 - 4-29 - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + + + + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + + ElectrochemicalTesting + http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PerAreaTimeUnit - PerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit - - + + - PolymericMaterial - PolymericMaterial + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 + MolecularEntity + ChemicalEntity + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. + Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - + + + + - - - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + ParticulateMatter + ParticulateMatter - - - - a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion - - MercuryPorosimetry - MercuryPorosimetry - a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion + + + + + + + + + + + + + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + CelsiusTemperature + CelsiusTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature + 5-2 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + + + + + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + ComputerSystem + Computer + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer + + + + + + + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + PartialPressure + PartialPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 + 9-19 + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 - + @@ -9179,414 +8270,381 @@ This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measura - + + - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - ThermalInsulance - CoefficientOfThermalInsulance - ThermalInsulance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 - 5-11 - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ReciprocalLengthUnit - ReciprocalLengthUnit + RelativePressureCoefficient + RelativePressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 + 5-3.3 - - + + + + + + - - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - - - AmountPerMassUnit - AmountPerMassUnit - - - - - + - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - LondonPenetrationDepth - LondonPenetrationDepth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 - 12-38.1 - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - - - - - - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - PseudoscalarMeson - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + PressureCoefficient + PressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 + 5-4 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - + - + - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - FundamentalFermion - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - MeasurementUnit - MeasurementUnit - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - kg -m/s -km - measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." - -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. - Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - - - - - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - Procedure - Elaboration - Work - Procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). -The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. -The execution of an algorithm. - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - ExtentOfReaction - ExtentOfReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 - 9-31 - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - - - - - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + ElementaryParticle + SingleParticleChain + ElementaryParticle + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - - + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + - - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - Atom - ChemicalElement - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + CausalPath + CausalChain + Elementary + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. + hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + PhysicalParticle + Particle + PhysicalParticle + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + + + + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit - - + + + - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 - MolecularEntity - ChemicalEntity - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. - Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + SolidFoam + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mass increment per time. - MassChangeRate - MassChangeRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 - 4-30.3 - Mass increment per time. + + + + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - - + + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + ReferenceSample + Certified Reference Material + Reference material + ReferenceSpecimen + ReferenceSample + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Reference material - - - - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - - Chromatography - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + + + + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + LevelWidth + LevelWidth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 + 10-26 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol - - - - Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. - The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - IonActivity - IonActivity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - + + + + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + Symbol + AlphabeticEntity + Symbol + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - - - - - - - - - - - - - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - ParticleFluenceRate - ParticleFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 - 10-44 - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. +Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. +(Wikipedia) + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - + - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - VolumePerTimeUnit - VolumePerTimeUnit + + AmountConcentrationUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit - - - - - RedDownAntiQuark - RedDownAntiQuark + + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + LinearChronopotentiometry + LinearChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - - - - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - Constituent - ObjectPart - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - A tire is a constituent of a car. + + + + + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - BlueCharmQuark - BlueCharmQuark + BlueAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark - + - + - + - + - + @@ -9595,57 +8653,157 @@ Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or - CharmQuark - CharmQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + StrangeAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark + + + + + + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedSimulation + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + Molecule + ChemicalSubstance + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). + + + + + + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Deduced + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + SymbolicConstruct + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + + + + + + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + Peening + ShotPeening + Verfestigungsstrahlen + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + + + + + + A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. + + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Internal energy per unit mass. + SpecificInternalEnergy + SpecificInternalEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 + 5-21.2 + Internal energy per unit mass. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueQuark - BlueQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Energy per unit mass + SpecificEnergy + SpecificEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy + 5-21.1 + Energy per unit mass + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy - - + + - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - AccessConditions - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + FatigueTesting + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. @@ -9656,107 +8814,228 @@ Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or GreenDownAntiQuark - - - - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - NaturalProcess - NonIntentionalProcess - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + + + + + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + MolarGasConstant + MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant + 9-37.1 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - - - - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + + + + + + + + + + SpecificGasConstant + SpecificGasConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 + 5-26 + -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - Objective - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + + + + + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + LarmonFrequency + LarmonFrequency + 10-15.2 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - + - + - - + - Heat capacity divided by mass. - SpecificHeatCapacity - SpecificHeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity - 5-16.1 - Heat capacity divided by mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 + Number of periods per time interval. + Frequency + Frequency + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 + 3-15.1 + Number of periods per time interval. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 + 10-39 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + PoyntingVector + PoyntingVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 + 6-34 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + + + + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + SupplyChain + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + +So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + +While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. + QuantityValue + QuantityValue + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg) + quantity value + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + + + + + + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Numerical + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - - - - - GreenDownQuark - GreenDownQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + Holistic + Wholistic + Holistic + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. + A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownQuark - DownQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark + + + + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + Cutting + Schneiden + Cutting - + - + - + - + - + - + - + @@ -9771,101 +9050,128 @@ This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measura - GreenQuark - GreenQuark + RedQuark + RedQuark - - - - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - ScalarMeson - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson + + + + + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + MeanEnergyImparted + MeanEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 + 10-80.2 + Expectation value of the energy imparted. - - + - - - - + + + 2 - - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - DensityOfVibrationalStates - DensityOfVibrationalStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 - 12-12 - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + Collection + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - - + + - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - SquareWaveVoltammetry - OSWV - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - SWV - SquareWaveVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + MembraneOsmometry + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - - - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - SpinQuantumNumber - SpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 - 10-13.5 - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + + + + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + Osmometry + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - - - - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - QuantumNumber - QuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 - 10-13.1 - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + SpatiallyFundamental + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - BohrRadius - BohrRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 - 10-6 - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 + + + + + + + + + + + + + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + Fundamental + Lifetime + Maximal + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. + +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. - - + + + + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + + Electrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + EnergyPerAmountUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit + + + @@ -9873,565 +9179,565 @@ This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measura - + - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - Power - Power - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power - 4-27 - 6-45 - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - - - - - - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - - - - - - - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - - - - - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - ManufacturingSystem - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - - - - - - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - HolisticArrangement - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - - - - - - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - Measurer - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ScalarMagneticPotential + ScalarMagneticPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 + 6-37.1 + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - - - - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - Observer - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + TemperatureUnit + TemperatureUnit - - - - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - ShellScript - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + + + + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - - - - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - CommandLanguage - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - Unix shell. -Batch programming languages. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + Cogniser + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - TauNeutrino - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + + Foaming + Foaming - - - - - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - SolidAngularMeasure - SolidAngle - SolidAngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - 3-8 - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + + FormingFromLiquid + FormingFromLiquid - - + + + Describes the level of automation of the test. - OpticalTesting - OpticalTesting - - - - - - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - Naming - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - A unique id attached to an entity. + LevelOfAutomation + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. - - - - MetallicPowderSintering - MetallicPowderSintering + + + + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - PhysicallyInteracting - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + + + + SizeDefinedMaterial + SizeDefinedMaterial - - - - GravityCasting - GravityCasting + + + + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + + DataNormalisation + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - - - - - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. - MixingRatio - MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas - MixingRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 - 5-30 - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + + + + + A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A numerical data value. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. + Number + Numeral + Number + A numerical data value. - - - - - Kinetic energy released per mass. - Kerma - Kerma - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 - 10-86.1 - Kinetic energy released per mass. + + + + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Language + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - - - - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - - SampledDCPolarography - TASTPolarography - SampledDCPolarography - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + HardeningByRolling + VerfestigendurchWalzen + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. - This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). - Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by dif- fusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode - - DCPolarography - DCPolarography - linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + HardeningByForming + Verfestigen durch Umformen + HardeningByForming - + + + + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricPolarization + ElectricPolarization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 + 6-7 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + + - + - + - Entropy per amount of substance. - MolarEntropy - MolarEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 - 9-8 - Entropy per amount of substance. + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + ElectricFluxDensity + ElectricDisplacement + ElectricFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 + 6-12 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - PseudoOCV - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Index + Signal + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - - - + + + + + T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - MolarGasConstant - MolarGasConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant - 9-37.1 - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + SquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - SpecificGasConstant - SpecificGasConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 - 5-26 + AreaPerMassUnit + AreaPerMassUnit - - - - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - NonEncodedData - EnvironmentalData - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + MechanicalEfficiency + MechanicalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 + 4-29 + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - - - - - BlueUpAntiQuark - BlueUpAntiQuark + + + + + + ActivityFactor + ActivityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 + 9-22 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuark - UpAntiQuark + + + + + ActivityCoefficient + ActivityCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 + 9-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 + + + + + + A participant that is the driver of the process. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Agent + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + + + + + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Participant + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + A student during an examination. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueAntiQuark - BlueAntiQuark + + + + + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 + 9-16 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 - 6-5 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LatentHeat + LatentHeat + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 + 5-6.2 - + - T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - - + + - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. - Diameter - Diameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter - 3-1.5 - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter + Product of force and displacement. + Work + Work + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work + Product of force and displacement. + 4-28.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - - - + + - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - MassDefect - MassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 - 10-21.2 - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + ISO80000Categorised + ISO80000Categorised - - - + - + - + + + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + AvogadroConstant + AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - Mass - Mass - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass - 4-1 - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 + + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + CharacterisationEnvironment + CharacterisationEnvironment + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - + + + - - + + - - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - MixedTiling - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + Measurement + Measurement + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + measurement + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coupled + Coupled + + + + + + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + MultiSimulation + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + Data + Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 + Contrast + Dedomena + Pattern + Data + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - ElectronDensity - ElectronDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 - 12-29.1 - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + SystemResource + Resource + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - - - - - AntiMuon - AntiMuon + + + + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + Cognised + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. - - - - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - ProcessEngineeringProcess - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik + + + + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - - - - - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + + + + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + + DataQuality + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -10439,180 +9745,167 @@ e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of s - - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Fluid - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, + + CharmQuark + CharmQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark - - - - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - - Detector - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM - Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueQuark + BlueQuark - - + + - HardeningByForging - HardeningByForging - - - - - - - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - AngularWaveNumber - AngularRepetency - AngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 - 12-9.1 - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - - - - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + MetallicPowderSintering + MetallicPowderSintering - - - - SizeDefinedMaterial - SizeDefinedMaterial + + + + DataProcessingApplication + DataProcessingApplication - - - - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - FE-SEM - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - + + - - - - - - + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - Task - Job - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + + + + MagneticFluxUnit + MagneticFluxUnit - - - - + + + + + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 + 12-2.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - + + + 1 - - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Measuring instrument + + A real number. + Real + Real + A real number. - + - - - T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - QuarticLengthUnit - QuarticLengthUnit - - - - - - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - Factory - IndustrialPlant - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - - - - - - FiberboardManufacturing - FiberboardManufacturing + + + SecondGenerationFermion + SecondGenerationFermion - - - + + - Dissociation may occur stepwise. - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - DegreeOfDissociation - DissociationFraction - DegreeOfDissociation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 - 9-43 - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + ElectricImpedance + Impedance + ElectricImpedance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 + 6-51.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance - + @@ -10620,366 +9913,336 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a - + - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - Coercivity - Coercivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 - 6-31 - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + ElectricResistance + Resistance + ElectricResistance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 + 6-46 + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - - + + + + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + GasSolidSuspension + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. + + + + - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - CSV - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential + + Chronoamperometry + AmperiometricDetection + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Chronoamperometry + amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - RedCharmAntiQuark - RedCharmAntiQuark + + + + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). + In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. + The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + + Amperometry + Amperometry + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharmAntiQuark - CharmAntiQuark + + + + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - + + + + + + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + MetricPrefix + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + - - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - FineStructureConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidSolidSuspension - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + MetrologicalSymbol + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - - - - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - base quantity + + + + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Constant + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - - + + - - + + - + - + - - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. -ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - -Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. - -For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. - -However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. - -For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + Workflow + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + -As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, -— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and -— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. -ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + + + + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + Procedure + Elaboration + Work + Procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm. + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - - - - - + + - - + + - - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - ElectricFluxDensity - ElectricDisplacement - ElectricFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 - 6-12 - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AccelerationUnit - AccelerationUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). -A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - Sign - Sign - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. -Each of them are 'sign'-s. +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. + Existent + true + Existent + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - - + + + - + - + - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - Cogniser - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. + + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + KnownConstant + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - - - - - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - BindingFraction - BindingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 - 10-23.2 - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + + + + + + + + + + + + Either a proton or a neutron. + Nucleon + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon - - - - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - InternalEnergy - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy - 5.20-2 - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + + + + + + + + + + + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + Baryon + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - + - - - - - - + + + T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - Holistic - Wholistic - Holistic - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + + + LengthMassUnit + LengthMassUnit + -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. - A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. + + + + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + PotentialEnergy + PotentialEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy + 4-28.1 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 - - - - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - Soldering - Löten - Soldering + + + + + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + ThermoelectricVoltage + ThermoelectricVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 + 12-20 + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - - - - - RedBottomQuark - RedBottomQuark + + + + Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. + The difference in electric potential between two points. + Voltage + ElectricPotentialDifference + ElectricTension + Voltage + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage + 6-11.3 + The difference in electric potential between two points. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedQuark - RedQuark + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + AcousticQuantity + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -10988,236 +10251,233 @@ The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the - BottomQuark - BottomQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark - - - - - - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - Device - Equipment - Machine - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - - - - - - imaginary part of the admittance - Susceptance - Susceptance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 - 6-52.3 - imaginary part of the admittance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - ElectricConductance - Conductance - ElectricConductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 - 6-47 - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - - - - - - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - DMA - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - - - - - JavaScript - JavaScript - - - - - - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - ScriptingLanguage - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - - - - - - - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - InternalConversionFactor - InternalConversionCoefficient - InternalConversionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 - 10-35 - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + AntiNeutrinoType + AntiNeutrinoType - - - - - T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - InverseSquareMassUnit - InverseSquareMassUnit + + + + RightHandedParticle + RightHandedParticle - - - - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - FormingBlasting - Umformstrahlen - FormingBlasting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiLepton + AntiLepton - - + + - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - SpatialTile - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + A tessellation of temporal slices. + Sequence + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. - - + + - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - Cleaning - Cleaning + BlowMolding + BlowMolding - - + + + + FormingFromPlastic + FormingFromPlastic + + + + + + + - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + + + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + Experiment + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + + + + - PowerDensityUnit - PowerDensityUnit + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + VoltagePhasor + VoltagePhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 + 6-50 + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - MassFractionUnit - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. + ElectricPotential + ElectroStaticPotential + ElectricPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential + 6-11.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - + - - + + + - + - - - - - - + + - - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Determiner - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + SpatioTemporalTessellation + WellFormedTessellation + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - - - - Determined - Determined + + + + + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + NuclearRadius + NuclearRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 + 10-19.1 + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - - - - - T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - SquarePressureTimeUnit - SquarePressureTimeUnit + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + Radius + Radius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius + 3-1.6 + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius - - - - - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + Nailing + Nageln + Nailing - - + + + + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + Pressing + Anpressen + Pressing + + + + - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 - 10-78.2 - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + CanonicalPartitionFunction + CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 + 9-35.2 + + + + + + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + FlexuralForming + Biegeumformen + FlexuralForming + + + + + + + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + ElectricSusceptibility + ElectricSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 + 6-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility - + @@ -11225,828 +10485,1159 @@ The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the - + - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 - 10-18 - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + AbsorbedDoseRate + AbsorbedDoseRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 + 10-84 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - - - - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + + + + Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + FractionUnit + RatioUnit + FractionUnit + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - - - + + + + LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. + The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. + The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. + + LinearScanVoltammetry + LSV + LinearPolarization + LinearSweepVoltammetry + LinearScanVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + Thermogravimetry + TGA + Thermogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + + + + + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + ThermochemicalTesting + TMA + ThermochemicalTesting + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + + + + + + One minus the square of the coupling factor + LeakageFactor + LeakageFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 + 6-42.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor + + + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + ElectronicModel + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock. + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + - - TopQuark - TopQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark + + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + MaterialsModel + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Reductionistic + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. + + + + + + + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - ElectricPolarization - ElectricPolarization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 - 6-7 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - - - - + + + + + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PerTimeMassUnit + PerTimeMassUnit + + + + - - + + - - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - FundamentalLatticeVector - FundamentalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 - 12-1.2 - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + + + + + 1 + + + + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + CalibrationProcess + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - - - - - T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + + + + + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. + MixingRatio + MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas + MixingRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 + 5-30 + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - + - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + TimePerVolumeUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit - - + + + - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - TotalCurrentDensity - TotalCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 - 6-20 - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + AtomicScatteringFactor + AtomicScatteringFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 + 12-5.3 + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - ElectricCurrentDensity - AreicElectricCurrent - CurrentDensity - ElectricCurrentDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 - 6-8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - - - - Person - Person + + + + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - - - + + + + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - IonizationEnergy - IonizationEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 - 12-24.2 - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 + PerPressureUnit + PerPressureUnit - - - - SandMolds - SandMolds - + + + + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - - - - FormingFromPowder - FormingFromPowder - +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + Graviton + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - - - - - BlueDownQuark - BlueDownQuark +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton - - - - - - - - - - - - - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - Fundamental - Lifetime - Maximal - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - -On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + + + + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.) + In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + -Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. + + + + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + + ProcessingReproducibility + ProcessingReproducibility + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - - - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - QuantumData - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + + + + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + URI + URI + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - - - - - + + - - + + + 1 - - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - PeltierCoefficient - PeltierCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 - 12-22 - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - - - - - - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - Grinding - Schleifen - Grinding - - - - - - UndefinedEdgeCutting - Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden - UndefinedEdgeCutting + + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + IRI + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - - - - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - - + + - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. - - - + + + + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + NonNumericalData + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - - - - - - - - - - - - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - - - - - - - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - Simulation - Modelling - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. + + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + CompositePhysicalParticle + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - - + + - + - - - - - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - Estimation - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - - - - - - - + - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - Speed - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed - 3-8.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + MassNumber + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - SpecificVolume - MassicVolume - SpecificVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 - 4-3 - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - ManufacturedMaterial - EngineeredMaterial - ProcessedMaterial - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - - - - - - - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - ManufacturedProduct - Artifact - Engineered - TangibleProduct - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. - - - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - SpatiallyFundamental - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - - - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Crystal - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + PowerFactor + PowerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 + 6-58 + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mean number of particles per volume. + ParticleNumberDensity + ParticleNumberDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 + 10-62.1 + Mean number of particles per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 + -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + + + BlueUpAntiQuark + BlueUpAntiQuark - - - - Suggestion of Rickard Armiento - CrystallineMaterial - CrystallineMaterial + + + + + Rotation + Rotation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 + 3-16 - - + + + - StandardEquilibriumConstant - ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant - StandardEquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 - 9-32 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CoherenceLength + CoherenceLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 + 12-38.2 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - + + - - + - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - Molality - AmountPerMass - Molality - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 - 9-15 - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + SlowingDownDensity + SlowingDownDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 + 10-67 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - - - - - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - GapEnergy - BandgapEnergy - GapEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 - 12-27.2 - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Measuring instrument - - - - - - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - HeatFlowRate - HeatFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 - 5-7 - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + + + + A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM + MeasuringInstrument + MeasuringInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM + measuring instrument - - - - - At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - AreicHeatFlowRate - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 - 5-8 - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + + + + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + CharacterisationHardware + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - + - T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountConductivityUnit - AmountConductivityUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit - + + + + + HelmholtzEnergy + HelmholtzFreeEnergy + HelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 + 5-20.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + + + - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Determiner + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + + + + + + + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + EnergyImparted + EnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 + 10-80.1 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + +-- SI Brochure + The number of elementary entities present. + AmountOfSubstance + AmountOfSubstance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance + 9-2 + The number of elementary entities present. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 + + + + + + + - - + + + + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + EnergyFluence + EnergyFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 + 10-46 + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeQuark + StrangeQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuarkType + DownQuarkType + + + + - - + + + + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + SpatialTiling + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + + + + - - + + - - Declaration - ConventionalSemiosis - Declaration + + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Nucleus + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - + + + + + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + MolarGibbsEnergy + MolarGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 + 9-6.4 + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopAntiQuark + TopAntiQuark + + + - - + + + + + + + + - - - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - Hadron - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron + + + ThirdGenerationFermion + ThirdGenerationFermion - - - - - - - - - - - - - ParticulateMatter - ParticulateMatter + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuarkType + UpAntiQuarkType + + + + + + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + Annealing + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + + + + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + Drilling + Bohren + Drilling + + + + + + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + DataAnalysis + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + + + + + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + ArchetypeManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + PrimitiveForming + Urformen + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + + + + + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. +This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. + The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. + Arrangement + MereologicalState + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + +If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + + + + + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + Namer + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - - - - Numeral - Numeral + + + + + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Status + State + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - - - - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - QuantumDecay - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + TemporalRole + HolisticTemporalPart + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. - - - - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - CausalExpansion - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + + + + + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + SourceCode + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - + + + + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + ProgrammingLanguage + Code + SoftwareCode + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + - - + - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - MagneticFlux - MagneticFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - 6-22.1 - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + ChemicalPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential + 9-17 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - SpeedUnit - SpeedUnit + + LengthTimePerMassUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit - - + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + Tau + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + + + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + DeepDrawing + Tiefziehen + DeepDrawing + + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + TensileForming + Zugdruckumformen + TensileForming + + + + + + + At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + AreicHeatFlowRate + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 + 5-8 + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + + + + - + - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - DissociationConstant - DissociationConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - - - - - - - A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - A numerical data value. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. -More than one numeral stands for the same number. -In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Number - Numeral - Number - A numerical data value. + Power transferred per unit area. + Intensity + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - - - - - T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - ElectricChargePerMassUnit + + + + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + Inequality + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 - - - - A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - MeasuringInstrument - MeasuringInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - measuring instrument + + + + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. + MathematicalFormula + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidSolidSuspension - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + + + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + PlanckConstant + PlanckConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - - - - Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve) - - Chronocoulometry - Chronocoulometry - direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve) - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + AngularMomentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum + 4-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - - + + - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - CurieTemperature - CurieTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 - 12-35.1 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + ExchangeIntegral + ExchangeIntegral + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 + 12-34 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + + + + + + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + + SamplingProcess + SamplingProcess + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. @@ -12059,184 +11650,106 @@ For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same conce Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - - - - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - Gluing - Kleben - Gluing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - CharacterisationWorkflow - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - Workflow - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - - - - - - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - - - - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - SimulationApplication - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + Holder + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - + + - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 - 10-13.3 - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - PhysicalObject - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + PeriodDuration + Period + PeriodDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 + 3-14 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - PhysicallyInteractingConvex + + + + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Duration + Duration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 + 3-9 + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - + - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + EnergyUnit + EnergyUnit - - + + + + Java + Java + + + + + + CompiledLanguage + CompiledLanguage + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - ResourceIdentifier - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 + 10-87 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - - - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Rationale - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + + + + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AreicSpeedUnit + AreicSpeedUnit - + @@ -12244,160 +11757,91 @@ So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a ph - + - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - EquilibriumPositionVector - EquilibriumPositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 - 12-7.2 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + HallCoefficient + HallCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 + 12-19 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - - - - - - - - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - SymbolicConstruct - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + + + + + Internal energy per amount of substance. + MolarInternalEnergy + MolarInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 + 9-6.1 + Internal energy per amount of substance. - - - - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." - -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - NominalProperty - NominalProperty - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered - -A color is a nominal property. - -Sex of a human being. - nominal property + + + + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat + AmountOfHeat + Heat + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat + 5-6.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - - - - + + + - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - ThermalDiffusionFactor - ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 - 9-40.2 - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + VacuumElectricPermittivity + PermittivityOfVacuum + VacuumElectricPermittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + 6-14.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - + + - + - + - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - Action - Action - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 - 4-32 - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + Permittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity + 6-14.1 + 6-14.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - IntentionalProcess - Project - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuarkType - UpAntiQuarkType - - - - - - + + - The abstract notion of angle. - AngularMeasure - AngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 - 3-5 - The abstract notion of angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - - - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - URI - URI - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + LengthUnit + LengthUnit @@ -12411,713 +11855,576 @@ Sex of a human being. A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - - - - - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - FermiEnergy - FermiEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 - 12-27.1 - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - - - - - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - ClassicalData - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - - - - + + + + + - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - - - - - - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - PSA - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + KinematicViscosity + KinematicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 + 4-25 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - - + + - + - + - A flow of electric charge. - ElectricCurrent - ElectricCurrent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent - 6-1 - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - - - - - - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - Signal - Signal - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - - - - - - - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - MetricPrefix - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + ModulusOfElasticity + YoungsModulus + ModulusOfElasticity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 + 4-19.1 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + + The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + ThermalResistance + ThermalResistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 + 5-12 + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - + + + + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. + It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid + Object that is processed with a machine + Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + They are not powders or threads + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + fili e polveri non sono compresi + it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. + it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape + powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them + WorkPiece + Werkstück + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalSymbol - MathematicalSymbol - - - - - - A software application to process characterisation data - - CharacterisationSoftware - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. + + + + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + ManufacturedMaterial + EngineeredMaterial + ProcessedMaterial + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - - - - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - ApplicationProgram - App - Application - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. + + + + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AccelerationUnit + AccelerationUnit - - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - Moulding - Gesenkformen - Moulding + + + + GluonType2 + GluonType2 - - - - - - - - - - - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - Tessellation - Tiling - Tessellation - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + Gluon + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - - + + - FormingFromPlastic - FormingFromPlastic - - - - - - A real vector with 3 elements. - Shape3Vector - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - - PhysicsOfInteraction - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + LowPressureCasting + LowPressureCasting - - - - - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - ParticleEmissionRate - ParticleEmissionRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 - 10-36 - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + + Casting + Casting - - - - - - - - - - - - ReciprocalDuration - InverseDuration - InverseTime - ReciprocalTime - ReciprocalDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 + + + + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + TemporallyRedundant + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - - - - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. - FunctionalIcon - FunctionalIcon - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). - A guinea pig. - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiElectronType + AntiElectronType - - - - - T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaPerMassUnit - AreaPerMassUnit + + + + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + Machining + RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - - - - - - - - - - - - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - Program - Executable - Program - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + + + + DefinedEdgeCutting + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden + DefinedEdgeCutting - - - - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - Software - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DrawForming + DrawForming - + - + + - + - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - SlowingDownDensity - SlowingDownDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 - 10-67 - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - - - - - - - CanonicalPartitionFunction - CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 - 9-35.2 - - - - - - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedSimulation - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - - - - - - - - - - - - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - TemporalTiling - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - - - - - - A meson with spin two. - TensorMeson - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. - + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - - - - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - Spectrometry - Spectrometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + ElectricConductivity + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 + 6-43 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - - + + + + - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - PeriodDuration - Period - PeriodDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 - 3-14 - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + RollingResistance + RollingDrag + RollingFrictionForce + RollingResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 + 4-9.5 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - - + + + + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - AreaUnit - AreaUnit + + + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + Force + Force + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force + 4-9.1 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiNeutrinoType - AntiNeutrinoType + + + + + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + RollingResistanceFactor + RollingResistanceFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 + 4-23.3 + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - + - - RightHandedParticle - RightHandedParticle - - - - - + - + - AntiLepton - AntiLepton + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - base unit + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + ModelledProperty + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - - - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - NumberOfEntities - NumberOfEntities - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 - 9-1 - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + + + + + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + ConstitutiveProcess + ConstitutiveProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + Blood circulation in a human body. + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - + - - - - + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) + +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. + +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. + +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. + The union of the object or process classes. + Persistence + Persistence + The union of the object or process classes. + + + + + + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + + + + + Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. + The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point - CharacterisationTask - CharacterisationTask + CoulometricTitration + CoulometricTitration + titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point - - - + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PressureUnit + PressureUnit + + + + + + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + IntentionalAgent + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + + + + - The sample after a preparation process. + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - PreparedSample - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. + SquareWaveVoltammetry + OSWV + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + SWV + SquareWaveVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DragForce + DragForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 + 4-9.6 + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - - + - + - + - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - MagneticReluctance - Reluctance - MagneticReluctance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 - 6-39 - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + DynamicViscosity + Viscosity + DynamicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 + 4-24 + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 - + + + + + TauAntiNeutrino + TauAntiNeutrino + + + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ReciprocalMassUnit - ReciprocalMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - CalibrationTask - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - - - - - - - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - PowerFactor - PowerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 - 6-58 - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + AreaTemperatureUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit - - - - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - DoseEquivalentRate - DoseEquivalentRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 - 10-83.2 - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + + + + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Heteronuclear + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). - + - + - + - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - AbsorbedDoseRate - AbsorbedDoseRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 - 10-84 - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - - - - - - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - DeepFreezing - Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze - Tieftemperaturbehandeln - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - Collection - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. + Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + HeatCapacity + HeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity + 5-15 + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -13125,79 +12432,85 @@ The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alter - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark + DownQuark + DownQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + + + + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + --- IEC, note 1 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + + + + + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + esce workpiece + MaterialTreatment + DIN 8580:2020 + Stoffeigenschaft ändern + WorkPieceTreatment + MaterialTreatment + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + --- ISO 80000-3 - Velocity - Velocity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + + + + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + MaterialsProcessing + ContinuumManufacturing + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + --- ISO 80000-3 - 3-8.1 - 3‑10.1 + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + AtomisticModel + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - - - - - BlueStrangeQuark - BlueStrangeQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + ReciprocalVolume + ReciprocalVolume - - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -13206,223 +12519,248 @@ The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alter - StrangeQuark - StrangeQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark - - - - - - GravitySintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - Loose-powderSintering - PressurelessSintering - GravitySintering - - - - - - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - ProgrammingLanguage - Code - SoftwareCode - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + BottomAntiQuark + BottomAntiQuark - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - WorkFunction - ElectronWorkFunction - WorkFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 - 12-24.1 - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - - - - - - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current - - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current + Number of ions per volume. + IonNumberDensity + IonDensity + IonNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 + 10-62.2 + Number of ions per volume. - + - T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - SectionAreaIntegralUnit + + ThermalConductivityUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit - - - - - + + + + + Arctan of the loss factor + LossAngle + LossAngle + https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 + 6-55 + Arctan of the loss factor + + + + + + + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + EndStep + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + + + + + + EndTile + EndTile + + + + + - - + + - - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - Mobility - Mobility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 - 10-61 - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 + + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + Array3D + 3DArray + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - - - - - - - - - - - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Reductionistic - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. + + + + Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. + Array + Array + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth... + + + + + + + + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + Solid + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + + + + + + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + HiggsBoson + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + + + + + + Electroplating + Electroplating + + + + + + + ElementaryFermion + ElementaryFermion - - - + + + - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - RotationalDisplacement - AngularDisplacement - RotationalDisplacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 - 3-6 - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + ReactionEnergy + ReactionEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 + 10-37.1 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - - - + + + - Resistance quantum. - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - VonKlitzingConstant - VonKlitzingConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - - - - - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Behaviour - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + + + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + MassConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - - - - - + + - - - - + + + + + + + + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + + PhysicsOfInteraction + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + + + + + - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - VolumeFlowRate - VolumetricFlowRate - VolumeFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 - 4-31 - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + PoissonNumber + PoissonsRatio + PoissonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 + 4-18 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - - + + + + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + NonEncodedData + EnvironmentalData + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + @@ -13431,709 +12769,818 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - GaugeBoson - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - - - - - - - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - HartreeEnergy - HartreeEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree - 10-8 - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - - - - - - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - Deduced - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - - - - - - - Square root of the slowing down area. - SlowingDownLength - SlowingDownLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 - 10-73.1 - Square root of the slowing down area. - - - - - - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + StateOfMatter + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - + - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricMobilityUnit - ElectricMobilityUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - + - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - - - - Positron - Positron - - - - - - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Hardening - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - - - - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + + + + + + + + + + + + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 + 10-18 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - SerialWorkflow - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - + - + - + - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - ElectricInductance - Inductance - ElectricInductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 - 6-41.1 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + MomentOfIntertia + MomentOfIntertia + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 + 4-7 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - - - - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Fork - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + + + + + + + + Semiotics + Semiotics - - + + + - - T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + JunctionTile + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + + + + + + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + IonAtom + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + + + + - MassAreaUnit - MassAreaUnit + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + LandeFactor + GFactorOfAtom + LandeFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 + 10-14.1 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - - - - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - SIMS - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + + + + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + GFactor + GFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + BaseUnit + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + base unit - - - - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - Sawing - Sägen - Sawing - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + UnitSymbol + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Mass per amount of substance. - MolarMass - MolarMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 - 9-4 - Mass per amount of substance. - - - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - - - - - - - - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + AngularFrequencyUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - MagneticReluctanceUnit - MagneticReluctanceUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - + - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - LengthTimeCurrentUnit + + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - FormingFromGas - FormingFromGas + + + + + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MassFractionOfWater + MassFractionOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 + 5-31 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - - + + + + + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + MassFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction + 9-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + + + + + + + RedDownQuark + RedDownQuark + + + + + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ElectricCurrentUnit - ElectricCurrentUnit + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + Stress + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress + 4-15 - - + + + + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + PseudoOCV + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + + + + + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - Manufacturer - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + RecombinationCoefficient + RecombinationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 + 10-63 + Coefficient in the law of recombination, - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - StrictFundamental - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + + RedUpQuark + RedUpQuark - - - - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpQuark + UpQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - + + - - MathematicalConstruct - MathematicalConstruct + + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + ElectricConductance + Conductance + ElectricConductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 + 6-47 + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AmountPerAreaUnit - AmountPerAreaUnit - - - - - - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + + ReciprocalLengthUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit - + - + - + - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - SurfaceMassDensity - AreicMass - SurfaceDensity - SurfaceMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 - 4-5 - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - - - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - Machining - RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - - - - - - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Adjustment - - - - - - - ElementaryFermion - ElementaryFermion - - - - - - - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. - SubObject - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + RichardsonConstant + RichardsonConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 + 12-26 + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - - - - SparkPlasmaSintering - SparkPlasmaSintering + + + + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + MagneticPolarisation + MagneticPolarisation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 + 6-29 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - - - + + + - Rotation - Rotation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 - 3-16 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + RelaxationTime + RelaxationTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 + 12-32.1 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - - - + + - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularFrequency - DebyeAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 - 12-10 - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + TimeConstant + TimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 + 3-15 + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - - + + - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion - ConfocalMicroscopy - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + MercuryPorosimetry + MercuryPorosimetry + a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion - - - - CeramicMaterial - CeramicMaterial + + + + + Porosimetry + Porosimetry - + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit - - + + - + - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - Stress - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress - 4-15 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + MagneticTension + MagneticTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 + 6-37.2 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + - Activity per unit volume of the sample. - ActivityDensity - ActivityConcentration - VolumetricActivity - VolumicActivity - ActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 - 10-29 - Activity per unit volume of the sample. + DiffusivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit + + + + + + + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + LongRangeOrderParameter + LongRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 + 12-5.2 + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - - - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar -field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - ElectricPotential - ElectroStaticPotential - ElectricPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential - 6-11.1 - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - - + + + + Real part of the admittance. + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 + 6-52.2 + Real part of the admittance. + + + + + + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + CausalInteraction + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + FundamentalInteraction + FundamentalInteraction + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + + + + - - - - + + - - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - MolarConductivity - MolarConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 - 9-45 - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 + + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + Tessellation + Tiling + Tessellation + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - - - - - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - Quantum - Quantum - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. -However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + + + + + BlueTopQuark + BlueTopQuark - - + + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopQuark + TopQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark + + + + + + + + + + - - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - CausalParticle - CausalParticle - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + PhysicalObject + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + + + + + + XrdGrazingIncidence + XrdGrazingIncidence + + + + + + + ScatteringAndDiffraction + ScatteringAndDiffraction + + + + + + + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 + 12-13 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomQuark + BottomQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + + + + + + CeramicMaterial + CeramicMaterial - - + + + + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + DimensionalUnit + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + + + + - + - + - + @@ -14141,324 +13588,469 @@ However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. F - - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Fluid + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, + -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - Item - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + + + + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + ContinuumSubstance + ContinuumSubstance + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - - - - GluonType1 - GluonType1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Semiosis + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - - - - - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - QualityFactor - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 - 6-53 - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + MathematicalModel + MathematicalModel + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + + + + + + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + AnalogicalIcon + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. + Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance + MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + + + + + + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + Naming + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + - - + + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - ChemicalAffinity - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 - 9-30 - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 + TimeUnit + TimeUnit + + + + + + InspectionDevice + InspectionDevice + + + + + + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. + Diameter + Diameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter + 3-1.5 + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter + + + + + + + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + DebyeWallerFactor + DebyeWallerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 + 12-8 + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + + + + + + + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + VolumeFraction + VolumeFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction + 9-14 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + + + + + + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + PhysicalLaw + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + + + + + + + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + AngularWaveNumber + AngularRepetency + AngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 + 12-9.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - - SampleInspection - SampleInspection - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + + + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + Wavenumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + 3-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - + + - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - SampleInspectionParameter - SampleInspectionParameter - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + DTA + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - Assignment - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. - - - - - - - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - NeutronNumber - NeutronNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 - 10-1.2 - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + PrefixedUnit + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - - - + + - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - Spin - Spin - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 - 10-10 - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + ModulusOfAdmittance + ModulusOfAdmittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 + 6-52.4 - + - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PowerDensityUnit + PowerDensityUnit - - - - Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - - DataAcquisitionRate - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + + + + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - - - - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - Strain - Strain - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain - 4-17.1 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + + + + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + Datum + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + A character, a bit, a song in a CD. - - - - AlgebricOperator - AlgebricOperator + + + + + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + LinearIonization + LinearIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 + 10-58 + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - - - - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - MathematicalOperator - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. - The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + + + + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + DSC + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - SurfaceTension - 4-26 - SurfaceTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 - - - - - - - GreenCharmAntiQuark - GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - - - DippingForms - DippingForms + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Deducer + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. + Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - MagneticVectorPotential - MagneticVectorPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 - 6-32 - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + VacuumMagneticPermeability + PermeabilityOfVacuum + VacuumMagneticPermeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum + 6-26.1 - - - + + + + + + - - + + - + + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Permeability + ElectromagneticPermeability + Permeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability + 6-26.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + + + + - - + + T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - + + + + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + + + + - - + + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - Measurement - Measurement - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - measurement + + + + ThermalResistivityUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit - + + + + + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + ActiveEnergy + ActiveEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 + 6-62 + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + + + - - + - Time derivative of kerma. - KermaRate - KermaRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 - 10-86.2 - Time derivative of kerma. - - - - - - - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - PhaseAngle - PhaseAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 - 3-7 - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + AngularVelocity + AngularVelocity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity + 3-12 + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - RichardsonConstantUnit - RichardsonConstantUnit + + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + AmountFractionUnit + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. + + + - DropForging - DropForging + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + lasciano tensioni residue di compressione + CompressiveForming + Druckumformen + CompressiveForming @@ -14476,703 +14068,680 @@ Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected toget The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - - - - - - + + - - + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 - 10-4.3 - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + TemperaturePerPressureUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + + UpQuarkType + UpQuarkType + -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + + + + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants +-- VIM + MeasuredProperty + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeFermion + CompositeFermion + Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + + + + + + + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + + + + + + Broadcast + Broadcast + + + + - - + + - - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." - --- SI Brochure - The number of elementary entities present. - AmountOfSubstance - AmountOfSubstance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance - 9-2 - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 + + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + MixedTiling + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - - + + - A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - - - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - LevelOfExpertise - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - - - - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - ProcedureUnit - MeasurementProcedure - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + + + + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + + CompressionTesting + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - - - + + + - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - MuonNeutrino - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + RedBottomQuark + RedBottomQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondGenerationFermion - SecondGenerationFermion + + + + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + + XrayPowderDiffraction + XRPD + XrayPowderDiffraction + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - - + + - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - CyclicChronopotentiometry - CyclicChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + XrayDiffraction + XRD + XrayDiffraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - - - - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - NonNumericalData - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + + + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + CommandLanguage + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + Unix shell. +Batch programming languages. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - - - - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - RadiusOfCurvature - RadiusOfCurvature - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature - 3-1.12 - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + + + + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + ConstructionLanguage + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - MagneticQuantumNumber - MagneticQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 - 10-13.4 - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + + + + VaporDeposition + VaporDeposition - - - - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + + + FormingFromGas + FormingFromGas - + - T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTimePerMassUnit - SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - GreenStrangeQuark - GreenStrangeQuark + + + + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + Tempering + QuenchingAndTempering + Vergüten + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - - - - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - DragCoefficient - DragFactor - DragCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 - 4-23.4 - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + + + + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + XpsVariableKinetic + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + Manufacturer + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + StrictFundamental + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - Nailing - Nageln - Nailing + + + + + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - - - - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - Pressing - Anpressen - Pressing + + + + + + + + + + + + Mathematical description in crystallography. + StructureFactor + StructureFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 + 12-5.4 + Mathematical description in crystallography. - - - - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - Annealing - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - + - + - + - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - DoseEquivalent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent - 10-83.1 - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + ModulusOfRigidity + ShearModulus + ModulusOfRigidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 + 4-19.2 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 - + + + + Distance is the norm of Displacement. + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + Distance + Distance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance + 3-1.8 + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance + + + - - + - The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - ThermalResistance - ThermalResistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 - 5-12 - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + Illuminance + Illuminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 + 10-52 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + + EntropyUnit + EntropyUnit - + - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - XpsVariableKinetic - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + NSE + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - LinkedFlux - LinkedFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 - 6-22.2 - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + + measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential + + Impedimetry + Impedimetry + measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - ModulusOfElasticity - YoungsModulus - ModulusOfElasticity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 - 4-19.1 - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 + + + + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - + + - + - Power transferred per unit area. - Intensity - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - - - - - - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - Heat - AmountOfHeat - Heat - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat - 5-6.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagneticFieldStrength + MagnetizingFieldStrength + MagneticFieldStrength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 + 6-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - AreaDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - - - - - + + - - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - KinematicViscosity - KinematicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 - 4-25 - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 + + Deduction + IndexSemiosis + Deduction - - + + + - - + - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time - Time - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - 3-7 - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + VolumicCrossSection + MacroscopicCrossSection + VolumicCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 + 10-42.1 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - ElementaryParticle - SingleParticleChain - ElementaryParticle - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + + + + + For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - CausalPath - CausalChain - Elementary - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. - hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + + + + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + MathematicalOperator + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. + The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - PhysicalParticle - Particle - PhysicalParticle - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + + + + + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 + 10-65 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - - - - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - CausalCollapse - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + + CharacterisationComponent + CharacterisationComponent - - - - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - OrdinalQuantity - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - ordinal quantity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A constituent of a system. + Component + Component + A constituent of a system. - - - - - distance between successive lattice planes - LatticePlaneSpacing - LatticePlaneSpacing - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 - 12-3 - distance between successive lattice planes + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + + + + + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - Matter - PhysicalSubstance - Matter - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. + + + + + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 + 10-74.2 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - AntiMatter - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + + + ElectricPotentialUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit - - + + + - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + GreenBottomQuark + GreenBottomQuark - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - GrandPartionFunction - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 - 9-35.3 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + MagneticVectorPotential + MagneticVectorPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 + 6-32 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + Momentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum + 4-8 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + + + @@ -15180,911 +14749,875 @@ Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - + - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - MassAttenuationCoefficient - MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 - 10-50 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + EnergyFluenceRate + EnergyFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 + 10-47 + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - - + + - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - ScanningKelvinProbe - SKB - ScanningKelvinProbe - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - - - - - - BlueBottomAntiQuark - BlueBottomAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomAntiQuark - BottomAntiQuark + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + GITT + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 + electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - + + - - + - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - Compressibility - Compressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 - 4-20 - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GasMixture - GasMixture + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + ParticleSourceDensity + ParticleSourceDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 + 10-66 + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - - - - - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + Variable + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + x +k - - - + + + + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + DisplacementCurrent + DisplacementCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 + 6-19.1 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + + + + + + - + - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - VolumicCrossSection - MacroscopicCrossSection - VolumicCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 - 10-42.1 - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 + A flow of electric charge. + ElectricCurrent + ElectricCurrent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent + 6-1 + A flow of electric charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - - - - a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) - - OpenCircuitHold - OCVHold - OpenCircuitHold - a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) + + + + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + AreicElectricCharge + SurfaceChargeDensity + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 + 6-4 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - - + + - For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode. - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. - Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. + The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - Potentiometry - Potentiometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 - Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - RedTopAntiQuark - RedTopAntiQuark - - - - - + + - + - - - - - - - + + - - TopAntiQuark - TopAntiQuark + + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + Boson + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson - + + - - + - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - DiffusionArea - DiffusionArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 - 10-72.2 - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - - - - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - CoherenceLength - CoherenceLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 - 12-38.2 - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + Decays per unit time. + Radioactivity + RadioactiveActivity + Radioactivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + Decays per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - + - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Product + Output + Product + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - - - - - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - ElementaryCharge - ElementaryCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge - 10-5.1 - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + TemporallyFundamental + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - + + - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - VolumeUnit - VolumeUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - + + + + + + + + + + - - T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - - - - - - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - - Hazard - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Declaration + ConventionalSemiosis + Declaration - - - - LiquidPhaseSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - LiquidPhaseSintering + + + + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + DataSet + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialUnit - ElectricPotentialUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 - 12-36.1 + + + + MesoscopicSubstance + MesoscopicSubstance - - - - - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 - 12-36.2 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + Substance + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - - + + + - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - ApparentPower - ApparentPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 - 6-57 - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + StandardChemicalPotential + StandardChemicalPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 + 9-21 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 - - + + - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - CurrentLinkage - CurrentLinkage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 - 6-37.4 - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + Enthalpy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy + 5.20-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - - + + + - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 - 5-16.4 - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 + 12-35.3 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - - - - The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve (see - The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipita- tion reactions are most frequently used. - The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added - - ConductometricTitration - ConductometricTitration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + Fugacity + Fugacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 + 9-20 + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured - - Conductometry - Conductometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + The act of connecting together the parts of something + Assemblying + Assemblying + The act of connecting together the parts of something + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + + 1 - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - Declarer - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). - Someone who assigns a name to an object. + + + + + 2 + + + + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Neutron + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron + + + + + + + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 + 9-6.3 + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + NumericalData + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + + + + + + + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + ResonanceEscapeProbability + ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 + 10-68 + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - - - - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - - SamplingProcess - SamplingProcess - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + + + + + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + AbsoluteHumidity + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + 5-28 + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - + + + + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + Welding + Schweißen + Welding + + + + - + - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - ChemicalPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential - 9-17 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + Compressibility + Compressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 + 4-20 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - Presses - Presses + + + + + + + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 + 12-36.1 - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - MagneticFluxUnit - MagneticFluxUnit + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 + 12-36.2 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - - - - - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - Wavenumber - Repetency - Wavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - 3-20 - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + DrawForms + DrawForms - - - - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + + - ElectricResistivityUnit - ElectricResistivityUnit + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + HeatFlowRate + HeatFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 + 5-7 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - + + - + - + - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 - 10-87 - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Power + Power + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power + 4-27 + 6-45 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - - - + + + + + RedStrangeAntiQuark + RedStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + + + T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + InversePermittivityUnit + InversePermittivityUnit + -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - RestEnergy - RestEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 - 10-3 - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + Replica + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. + Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). + -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy + + + + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). + ResemblanceIcon + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - - - + + + + + MuonAntiNeutrino + MuonAntiNeutrino + + + + + + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + + - MolarEnthalpy - MolarEnthalpy - Enthalpy per amount of substance. - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 - 9-6.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 + 12-15.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - + + + + GluonType1 + GluonType1 + + + - T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + + PermittivityUnit + PermittivityUnit - - - - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - DataPostProcessing - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + TauNeutrino + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - + - - + + + + + + + - - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - Molecule - ChemicalSubstance - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. -e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - - - - - - - CouplingFactor - InductiveCouplingFactor - CouplingFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 - 6-42.1 + + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + NeutrinoType + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - Fugacity - Fugacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 - 9-20 - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 + + + + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. + AssemblyLine + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - - - - - - - - - - - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - Whole - Whole - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + + + + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + ManufacturingSystem + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - - + + + - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - Electrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + RawData + RawData + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. + In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - - - - + + + - - + + - - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagneticFieldStrength - MagnetizingFieldStrength - MagneticFieldStrength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 - 6-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - - - - - CompiledLanguage - CompiledLanguage - + + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + Result of a measurement. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - HeatCapacity - HeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - 5-15 - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - - - - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - ApplicationSpecificScript - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - +-- VIM + MeasurementResult + MeasurementResult + Result of a measurement. - - - - - T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - TimePerLengthUnit - TimePerLengthUnit +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + measurement result + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - - + + - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - Porosity - Porosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + SpinQuantumNumber + SpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 + 10-13.5 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuarkType - DownAntiQuarkType - + + + + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + ModellingLanguage + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - StandardModelParticle - ElementaryParticle - StandardModelParticle - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. - This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). -In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - + + + + + + + + + + + - - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - MomentumUnit - MomentumUnit + + + MathematicalConstruct + MathematicalConstruct - - + + + + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - TemperatureUnit - TemperatureUnit + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + PlanckFunction + PlanckFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 + 5-23 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - DisplacementCurrentDensity - DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 - 6-18 - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + Mobility + Mobility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 + 10-61 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - - - + + + - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - Muon - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + RedCharmAntiQuark + RedCharmAntiQuark - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -16093,190 +15626,184 @@ In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators - ElectronType - ElectronType - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - A real number. - Real - Real - A real number. - - - - - - TransportationDevice - TransportationDevice + CharmAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark - - - - Encoded data made of more than one datum. - DataSet - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + HoleDensity + HoleDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 + 12-29.2 + Number of holes in valence band per volume. - - + + - KineticFrictionFactor - DynamicFrictionFactor - KineticFrictionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 - 4-23.2 + Count per volume. + VolumetricNumberDensity + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. - - - + + - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - CoefficientOfFriction - FrictionCoefficient - FrictionFactor - CoefficientOfFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - - - - GluonType3 - GluonType3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + DiffusionCoefficient + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - - - - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - ResonanceEscapeProbability - ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 - 10-68 - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + + + + A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. + Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. + The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface + + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + 5-35 - - + + - - - 1 + + + + + + + + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Task + Job + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + + + + + + + - - - 1 + + - - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + ElectricDipoleMoment + ElectricDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + 6-6 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WeakBoson - WeakBoson + + + + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - Inequality - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + + + + + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + MigrationLength + MigrationLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 + 10-73.3 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. - + - + - + - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - SeebeckCoefficient - SeebeckCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 - 12-21 - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + ThermalInsulance + CoefficientOfThermalInsulance + ThermalInsulance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 + 5-11 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - - - - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - MembraneOsmometry - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + + + + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MaterialLaw + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. @@ -16292,364 +15819,449 @@ In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators MassPerLengthUnit - - - - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - StandardAbsoluteActivity - StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 - 9-23 - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - - - - - - - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - AbsoluteActivity - AbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 - 9-18 - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - Observation - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + + + + CausallHairedSystem + CausallHairedSystem - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Determination - Characterisation - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - - - - + + - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - PathLength - ArcLength - PathLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length - 3-1.7 - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length + MassPerAmountUnit + MassPerAmountUnit - - - + + - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 - 12-29.3 - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - + + - + - ReciprocalVolume - ReciprocalVolume + Time derivative of kerma. + KermaRate + KermaRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 + 10-86.2 + Time derivative of kerma. - + - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - JosephsonConstantUnit - JosephsonConstantUnit + SpeedUnit + SpeedUnit - - - - - - - - - - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). + + + + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + AdSV + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. + + + + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + HolisticArrangement + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. + + + + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + CyclicChronopotentiometry + CyclicChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + + + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + SEM + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. + + + + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + LinkedModelsSimulation + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + + + + + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + StandardAmountConcentration + StandardConcentration + StandardMolarConcentration + StandardAmountConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + 9-12.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - Existent - true - Existent - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + + + + GluonType4 + GluonType4 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - MassConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + MagneticFlux + MagneticFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux + 6-22.1 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - + + - + + + GaugePressure + GaugePressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 + 4-14.2 + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + + + + + + + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + CyclotronAngularFrequency + CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 + 10-16 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. - Density - MassConcentration - MassDensity - Density - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density - Mass per volume. - 4-2 - 9-10 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + SolubilityProduct + SolubilityProductConstant + SolubilityProduct + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - + + + + + The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + EquilibriumConstant + EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis + EquilibriumConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 + + + + + + ProductionEngineering + ProductionEngineering + + + + + + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + ProcessEngineeringProcess + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureUnit - PerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 - 12-2.1 - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - - + + + - - + - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - AmountConcentration - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + ParticleFluenceRate + ParticleFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 + 10-44 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - - - - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - MarkupLanguage - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - HTML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + ProcedureUnit + MeasurementProcedure + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - - - + + + + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + + + + + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + DataPostProcessing + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + NonPrefixedUnit + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + + + + + + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + ThreePointBendingTesting + ThreePointFlexuralTest + ThreePointBendingTesting + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + + + - Number of donor levels per volume. - DonorDensity - DonorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 - 12-29.4 - Number of donor levels per volume. + ThermalDiffusionRatio + ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 + 9-40.1 - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - Non la metterei - Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). - FreeForming - FreeForming + + + + + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. + MassConcentrationOfWater + MassConcentrationOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 + 5-27 + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - - - - - - + - - - - Plus - Plus + + + + + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + ElectronRadius + ElectronRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 + 10-19.2 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. - NumberOfElements - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + Heat capacity at constant volume. + IsochoricHeatCapacity + HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume + IsochoricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 + 5-16.3 + Heat capacity at constant volume. - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Electric charge per volume. - ElectricChargeDensity - VolumeElectricCharge - ElectricChargeDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 - 6-3 - Electric charge per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 + ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit - - - - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron - MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 - 10-12.2 - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + + + + SparkPlasmaSintering + SparkPlasmaSintering + + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaFractionUnit + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. @@ -16676,362 +16288,328 @@ Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Exist https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 - - - - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - - - - - + + + + + T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Arctan of the loss factor - LossAngle - LossAngle - https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 - 6-55 - Arctan of the loss factor + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit - - - - - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - ProtonMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - + + + + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - Bending - Bending - +"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - FlexuralForming - Biegeumformen - FlexuralForming +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + NominalProperty + NominalProperty + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + +A color is a nominal property. + +Sex of a human being. + nominal property - - + + + + + - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - - - EnergyPerAmountUnit - EnergyPerAmountUnit + + + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + AngularAcceleration + AngularAcceleration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration + 3-13 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - ThermodynamicEfficiency - ThermalEfficiency - ThermodynamicEfficiency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 - 5-25.1 + Mass increment per time. + MassChangeRate + MassChangeRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 + 4-30.3 + Mass increment per time. - - - - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - DataPreparation - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + Quark + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - Lethargy - Lethargy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 - 10-69 - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + ThomsonCoefficient + ThomsonCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 + 12-23 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - + - + - + - Mean number of particles per volume. - ParticleNumberDensity - ParticleNumberDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 - 10-62.1 - Mean number of particles per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 + JouleThomsonCoefficient + JouleThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 + 5-24 - - - - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - DTA - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + + + + InjectionMolding + InjectionMolding - - - - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - ThermochemicalTesting - TMA - ThermochemicalTesting - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + + + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + ArchetypeJoin + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Cementing + Cementing + + + + + - DownQuarkType - DownQuarkType + RedStrangeQuark + RedStrangeQuark - + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PressurePerTimeUnit - PressurePerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit - - + + - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - DebyeAngluarRepetency - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 - 12-9.3 - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - - - - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - CharacterisationHardware - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + IsobaricHeatCapacity + HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure + IsobaricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 + 5-16.2 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. - - + + + - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - Wavelength - Wavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength - 3-19 - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 - - - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + Resistance quantum. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + VonKlitzingConstant + VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - - - - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - PhysicalLaw - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + + + + ContinuousCasting + ContinuousCasting - - - - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - NaturalLaw - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + + + + Inverse of the impendance. + Admittance + ComplexAdmittance + Admittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance + 6-52.1 + Inverse of the impendance. - - - + + - - - - - - + + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A computer language used to describe simulations. - SimulationLanguage - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language - - - - - - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - ModellingLanguage - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - -Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - -Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - - - - - - - - - - - - - Structural - Structural + + + PressurePerTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit - - - - Average power over a period. - ActivePower - ActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 - 6-56 - Average power over a period. + + + + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + ClassicalData + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - - - - - - + + - - + + T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - + + - ParticleConcentration - ParticleConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 - 9-9.1 + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - - - + + + + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + NonActivePower + NonActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 + 6-61 + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + + + + - - + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - MolecularConcentration - MolecularConcentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 - 9-9.2 - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + + + + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit - - - - SystemUnit - SystemUnit + + + + Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemi- cal/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. + Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switch- ing potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. + The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. + The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate + + CyclicVoltammetry + CV + CyclicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -17045,201 +16623,162 @@ Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for desc Hydrogen molecule (H₂). - + + + + Python + Python + + + + + + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + ScriptingLanguage + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumeFractionUnit + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. + + + + + + + GreenUpQuark + GreenUpQuark + + + - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 - 10-60 - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - - - - - - - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 + 10-33 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - + + - - + - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 - 6-9 - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - - - - - - - Position vector of a particle. - ParticlePositionVector - ParticlePositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 - 12-7.1 - Position vector of a particle. + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + TotalLinearStoppingPower + LinearStoppingPower + TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 + 10-54 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - - - - - RedUpQuark - RedUpQuark + + + + + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + Quantum + Quantum + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. +However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - + - + - - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - CausalStructure - CausalObject - CausalStructure - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - - - - - - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. - --- VIM - MeasuredProperty - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - TimeUnit - TimeUnit + + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + CausalParticle + CausalParticle + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - - + + - measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - Impedimetry - Impedimetry - measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - SystemProgram - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - An operating system. A graphic driver. + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + STM + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - + - T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MassFluxUnit - MassFluxUnit - - - - - - - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - Volume - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - 3-4 + Kinetic energy released per mass. + Kerma + Kerma + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 + 10-86.1 + Kinetic energy released per mass. @@ -17256,133 +16795,187 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - - - - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - SuperconductorEnergyGap - SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 - 12-37 - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + + + + + RedCharmQuark + RedCharmQuark - - - - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + + + + JavaScript + JavaScript - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - - - + + - AmountTemperatureUnit - AmountTemperatureUnit + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + CentreOfMass + CentreOfMass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - + + - - + - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - AngularVelocity - AngularVelocity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - 3-12 - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + PositionVector + Position + PositionVector + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - + + + + + + + + + + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + MeasuringSystem + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + measuring system + + + + + + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Measurer + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + + + + - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. - Width - Breadth - Width - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 - 3-1.2 - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + RadiantFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + Fermion + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - + + - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + VPO + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Inverse of the reluctance. + Permeance + Permeance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 + 6-40 + Inverse of the reluctance. - - - - - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - ShearStrain - ShearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 - 4-17.3 - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 + + + + UTF8 + UTF8 - + + - - + - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - PlanckFunction - PlanckFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 - 5-23 - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + ElectronDensity + ElectronDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 + 12-29.1 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + + + + + + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + Assigner + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. @@ -17394,520 +16987,442 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - RedCharmQuark - RedCharmQuark + GreenQuark + GreenQuark - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthTemperatureUnit - LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - - Probe - Probe - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. - In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. - In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) - In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). - In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - + + + - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - NeelTemperature - NeelTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 - 12-35.2 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - - - - - - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - MassSpectrometry - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + StaticFrictionForce + StaticFriction + StaticFrictionForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 + 4-9.3 - + - T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - - - - - - - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - TotalIonization - TotalIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 - 10-59 - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + LengthTemperatureUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit - - + + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - - - AreaTemperatureUnit - AreaTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Estimated - Estimated - The biography of a person that the author have not met. - - - - + - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - FatigueTesting - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - - - - - - - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - FermiAnglularRepetency - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 - 12-9.2 - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - - - - - - - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - ElectronMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - - - - - - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AqueousSolution - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + CharacterisationSystem + CharacterisationSystem + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Measuring system - - - - - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + ProductionSystem + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - - - - - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - ConstitutiveProcess - ConstitutiveProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - Blood circulation in a human body. - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + + + + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light + + OpticalMicroscopy + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light - - - - LeftHandedParticle - LeftHandedParticle + + + + + + + + + + + + + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 + 6-5 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - + - - + - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - MagnetomotiveForce - MagnetomotiveForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 - 6-37.3 - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + Vergence + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature - + - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - ReactorTimeConstant - ReactorTimeConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 - 10-79 - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + HalfLife + HalfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 + 10-31 + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - - + + + - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 + 9-29 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 - - - - ModulusOfImpedance - ModulusOfImpedance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 - 6-51.4 + + + + + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - - + + + - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - MagneticPolarisation - MagneticPolarisation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 - 6-29 - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + FermiTemperature + FermiTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 + 12-28 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - + - + - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 - 10-49 - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + SpecificEnergyImparted + SpecificEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 + 10-81.2 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - + + + + + T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + + + + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + Hazard + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + + + + + Person + Person + + + - + - + - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - CatalyticActivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - - - - - - - MuonAntiNeutrino - MuonAntiNeutrino - - - - - - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - MaterialRelation - MaterialRelation - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. -A force field. -An Hamiltonian. + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + VolumicTotalCrossSection + MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + VolumicTotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 + 10-42.2 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - - + + + + + + - - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - MagneticFluxDensityUnit + SpecificEntropy + SpecificEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 + 5-19 - + - T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ForcePerLengthUnit - ForcePerLengthUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - - - + + + - GreenTopAntiQuark - GreenTopAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark - - + + - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - ConventionalProperty - ConventionalProperty - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. - -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + DerivedUnit + DerivedUnit + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + derived unit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM - - - - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + + + + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + OrdinalQuantity + OrdinalQuantity + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Hardness +Resilience + ordinal quantity - - - - electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load - - HPPC - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - HPPC - electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load + + + + LeftHandedParticle + LeftHandedParticle - - + + + + + + - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - - - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - - - - - - Internal energy per unit mass. - SpecificInternalEnergy - SpecificInternalEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 - 5-21.2 - Internal energy per unit mass. - - - - - + + - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - PhaseDifference - DisplacementAngle - PhaseDifference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 - 6-48 - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - - - - - - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - PrecipitationHardening - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - - - - - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - - - - - - - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - ScientificTheory - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - - - - - - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. - -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. - -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EnergyDensityOfStates + EnergyDensityOfStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 + 12-16 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Sum of electric current and displacement current - TotalCurrent - TotalCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 - 6-19.2 - Sum of electric current and displacement current - - - - - - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Coupled - Coupled + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + DensityOfVibrationalStates + DensityOfVibrationalStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 + 12-12 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - - - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + SystemProgram + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + An operating system. A graphic driver. - - + + + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + Δ - - - - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - PerTemperatureTimeUnit + + + Laplacian + Laplacian + + + + + + DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator @@ -17932,446 +17447,432 @@ In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - - - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - PropagationCoefficient - PropagationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 - 3-26.3 - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + + + + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - - - - - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - LarmonFrequency - LarmonFrequency - 10-15.2 - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + + + + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - EntropyUnit - EntropyUnit + + + + ParallelWorkflow + ParallelWorkflow - - - - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - AdSV - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Painting + Painting - + - T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MassStoppingPowerUnit - MassStoppingPowerUnit + + MechanicalMobilityUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit - + - + - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - GasLiquidSuspension - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. - - - - - - - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - VacuumElectricPermittivity - PermittivityOfVacuum - VacuumElectricPermittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum - 6-14.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - Permittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity - 6-14.1 - 6-14.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - + + - - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 - 10-15.3 - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + MeanDurationOfLife + MeanLifeTime + MeanDurationOfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 + 10-25 + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + + SexticLengthUnit + SexticLengthUnit - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + + + + + + + + + + + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + Vector + 1DArray + LinearArray + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - FundamentalBoson - FundamentalBoson - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons - - - - - - AmorphousMaterial - NonCrystallineMaterial - AmorphousMaterial + GreenBottomAntiQuark + GreenBottomAntiQuark - - - - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - MultiSimulation - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + + + + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - - - - At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: -pH < 7 are acidic; -pH = 7 are neutral; -pH > 7 are alkaline. -At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - Written as pH - PH - PH - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 - For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + + + + + + + + + + + + Structural + Structural - - - - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - - SecondaryData - Elaborated data - SecondaryData - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Deconvoluted curves - Intensity maps + + + + + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + Gyroradius + LarmorRadius + Gyroradius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 + 10-17 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - - - - Real part of the admittance. - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 - 6-52.2 - Real part of the admittance. + + + + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + URL + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - - - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - TemporalTile - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + + ModulusOfImpedance + ModulusOfImpedance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 + 6-51.4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuark - DownAntiQuark + + + + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 + 10-13.7 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - NuclidicMass - NuclidicMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 - 10-4.2 - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + LuminousIntensity + LuminousIntensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity + 7-14 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - - - + + - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - RestMass - InvariantMass - ProperMass - RestMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity - 10-2 - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + LightAndRadiationQuantity + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - + + - - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - AtomicScatteringFactor - AtomicScatteringFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 - 12-5.3 - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + CurieTemperature + CurieTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 + 12-35.1 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - - - + + + + + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Behaviour + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + + - - + + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - IterativeWorkflow - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + + + + MomentumUnit + MomentumUnit - - + + + + + AntiMuon + AntiMuon + + + + - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - GroupVelocity - GroupSpeed - GroupVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity - 3-23.2 - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + PositionVector + PositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) + 3-1.10 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + + + + + + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + DisplacementCurrentDensity + DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 + 6-18 + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - + + - + - + - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - MomentOfIntertia - MomentOfIntertia - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 - 4-7 - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + ElectricCurrentDensity + AreicElectricCurrent + CurrentDensity + ElectricCurrentDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 + 6-8 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - BohrMagneton - BohrMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 - 10-9.2 - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - - - - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - NumericalVariable - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + + Imaginary part of the complex power. + ReactivePower + ReactivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 + 6-60 + Imaginary part of the complex power. - - - - PhysicalyUnbonded - PhysicalyUnbonded + + + + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). +A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. + PhysicsEquationSolution + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. - - + + - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric +properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is +the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the +light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic +layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique +can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Thermogravimetry - TGA - Thermogravimetry - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric +properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is +the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the +light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic +layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique +can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - - - - - + + + + + OpticalTesting + OpticalTesting + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression + 2+2 + + + + + + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + AlgebricExpression + 2x+3 + + + + - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - Acceleration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration - 3-9.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 + 10-13.8 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - + + + + + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + EffectiveMass + EffectiveMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 + 12-30 + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + + + @@ -18379,962 +17880,1003 @@ pH = −10 log(a_H+). - + - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 - 10-52 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + ParticleCurrentDensity + ParticleCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 + 10-48 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidSolidSuspension + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud + + + + + + imaginary part of the admittance + Susceptance + Susceptance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 + 6-52.3 + imaginary part of the admittance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + + + + + + ElectroSinterForging + ElectroSinterForging - + - T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - VolumePerMassUnit - VolumePerMassUnit - - - - - - - BlueBottomQuark - BlueBottomQuark + LuminanceUnit + LuminanceUnit - - + + - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - - GreenUpQuark - GreenUpQuark - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - - - A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - WorkpieceForming - ArchetypeForming - PrimitiveForming - WorkpieceForming - - - - - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + Crystal + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - - - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. - RelativeHumidity - RelativeHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 - 5-33 - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - - - - For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - - - - - Spacing - Spacing +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - TemporallyFundamental - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + Suggestion of Rickard Armiento + CrystallineMaterial + CrystallineMaterial - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - AbsoluteHumidity - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - 5-28 - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + VolumeFlowRate + VolumetricFlowRate + VolumeFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 + 4-31 + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - - - - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + Tile + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - - - - - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - GrueneisenParamter - GrueneisenParamter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 - 12-14 - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + + + + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + UnitOne + Unitless + UnitOne + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. - - - - - - - - - - - - - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasSolution - GasMixture - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + + + + + + + + + + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + IterativeWorkflow + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - - - - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + + + + + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + SerialWorkflow + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - StandaloneAtom - StandaloneAtom - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + + + + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. + + SampledDCPolarography + TASTPolarography + SampledDCPolarography + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + + + + If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. + This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). + Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by dif- fusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode + + DCPolarography + DCPolarography + linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthTimePerMassUnit - LengthTimePerMassUnit - - - - - - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - ComputerSystem - Computer - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - - LightScattering - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 + 10-51 + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - - + - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - MassFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction - 9-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - - - - - - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - ArchetypeJoin - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + RefractiveIndex + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - - - - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - Planing - Hobeln - Planing + + + + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + Tortuosity + Tortuosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerAmountUnit - MassPerAmountUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit - - + + + + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + CausalCollapse + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + + + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + ResonanceEnergy + ResonanceEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 + 10-37.2 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + + + + + + + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + PropagationCoefficient + PropagationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 + 3-26.3 + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + + + + - + - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - RecombinationCoefficient - RecombinationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 - 10-63 - Coefficient in the law of recombination, + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 + 12-2.2 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - + - T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - - - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. - AssemblyLine - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + LengthPerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit - - - - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - Datum - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + + + T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + EnergyAreaUnit + EnergyAreaUnit - - - + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - LinearIonization - LinearIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 - 10-58 - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + DensityUnit + DensityUnit - - - - - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - SourceCode - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + + + + ActivityOfSolute + RelativeActivityOfSolute + ActivityOfSolute + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 + 9-24 - - + + - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - VolumeFraction - VolumeFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction - 9-14 - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + RelativeMassDensity + RelativeDensity + RelativeMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 + 4-4 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 - - - + + + + - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum - 6-35.2 - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 + The abstract notion of angle. + AngularMeasure + AngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 + 3-5 + The abstract notion of angle. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - ElectricConductanceUnit - ElectricConductanceUnit + + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. - The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. - The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped - - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - DPV - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + Grinding + Schleifen + Grinding - - - - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - TensileTesting - TensionTest - TensileTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + + + UndefinedEdgeCutting + Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden + UndefinedEdgeCutting - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - URL - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GreenStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - GasSolidSuspension - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PowerUnit + PowerUnit - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - PartialPressure - PartialPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 - 9-19 - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + MagneticReluctance + Reluctance + MagneticReluctance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 + 6-39 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - + + - - + - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - ModulusOfRigidity - ShearModulus - ModulusOfRigidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 - 4-19.2 - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + DecayConstant + DisintegrationConstant + DecayConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 + 10-24 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - - + + - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - Shape4x3Matrix - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - - - - - - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - DeepDrawing - Tiefziehen - DeepDrawing + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + Expression + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthUnit - LengthUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + + + + + + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AqueousSolution + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + + + + + + a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) + + OpenCircuitHold + OCVHold + OpenCircuitHold + a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) + + + + + + For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode. + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. + Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. + + Potentiometry + Potentiometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 + 10-40 + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - - + + - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - MigrationLength - MigrationLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 - 10-73.3 - Square root of the migration area, M^2. + Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. + The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + IonActivity + IonActivity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - - - + + - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - LevelWidth - LevelWidth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 - 10-26 - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + DampingCoefficient + DampingCoefficient + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 + 3-24 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - - + + + + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - - - AreaPerAmountUnit - AreaPerAmountUnit - - - - + - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - PhaseVelocity - PhaseSpeed - PhaseVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity - 3-23.1 - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Exposure + Exposure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 + 10-88 + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - - - + + - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - CharacterisationProperty - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + WearTesting + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 - ForceAreaUnit - ForceAreaUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - - - - - ElementaryBoson - ElementaryBoson + + + + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + MaterialRelation + MaterialRelation + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian. - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - AtomicMass - AtomicMass - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - 10-4.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - - - - - - FormingFromIonised - FormingFromIonised - - - - - - - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - MassFractionOfDryMatter - MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 - 5-32 - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - - - - - - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - - - - - - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - CharacterisationDataValidation - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + A boolean number. + Boolean + Boolean + A boolean number. - - - - - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - PureParallelWorkflow - EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + + + + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + NumericalVariable + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - - - - ParallelWorkflow - ParallelWorkflow + + + + HardeningByDrawing + HardeningByDrawing - - + + + + + + + + + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - LightAndRadiationQuantity - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + Luminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - - - - - GreenUpAntiQuark - GreenUpAntiQuark + + + + + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + MaximumEfficiency + CarnotEfficiency + MaximumEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 + 5-25.2 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - - - - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - derived quantity + + + + + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloid + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - - - - - * - - - - Multiplication - Multiplication + + + + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + Widening + Weiten + Widening - - - - - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - KineticFrictionForce - DynamicFrictionForce - KineticFrictionForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 - 4-9.4 - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + + + + Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell - - - + + - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 - 9-29 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 + 5-16.4 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - - - + + - StaticFrictionForce - StaticFriction - StaticFrictionForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 - 4-9.3 + StandardEquilibriumConstant + ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant + StandardEquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 + 9-32 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - - - - Painting - Painting + + + + AmorphousMaterial + NonCrystallineMaterial + AmorphousMaterial - - + + - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - CoatingManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Beschichten - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + LiquidPhaseSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + LiquidPhaseSintering - - + + - Describes the level of automation of the test. + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - LevelOfAutomation - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. - - - - - - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - 3DPrinting - 3DPrinting - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + AES + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - - - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - AdditiveManufacturing - GenerativeManufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + + + + + + + + + + + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 + 6-9 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PerEnergyUnit - PerEnergyUnit - - - - - - A tessellation of temporal slices. - Sequence - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. + AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit - - - + + + + + + + + + + - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - RelativePermeability - RelativePermeability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 - 6-27 - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 - - - - - - GluonType8 - GluonType8 + Perceived power of light. + LuminousFlux + LuminousFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux + 7-13 + Perceived power of light. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - - + + - The imaginary part of the impedance. - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricReactance - Reactance - ElectricReactance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 - 6-51.3 - The imaginary part of the impedance. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + RadiusOfCurvature + RadiusOfCurvature + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature + 3-1.12 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature - - - - - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - ActivityOfSolvent - ActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 - 9-27.1 - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + + + + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - - - - - BlueTopAntiQuark - BlueTopAntiQuark + + + + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + DataExchangeLanguage + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + JSON, YAML, XML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages - - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + ContinuumModel + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - - + + + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - ResourceIdentifier - ResourceIdentifier + ACVoltammetry + ACV + ACVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - + + + + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + CompositePhysicalObject + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit + + + + - - + + - - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - VolumicTotalCrossSection - MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - VolumicTotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 - 10-42.2 - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + TemporalTiling + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - - - - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 + 10-13.6 + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - + @@ -19342,452 +18884,472 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - + - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - SurfaceActivityDensity - SurfaceActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 - 10-30 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + NuclearMagneton + NuclearMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 + 10-9.3 + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 - - - - InterferenceFitting - InterferenceFitting + + + + + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Curvature + Curvature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature + 3-2 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. - - - - Calendering - Calendering + + + + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + NuclidicMass + NuclidicMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 + 10-4.2 + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 - - + + + - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 - 5-21.4 - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + RestMass + InvariantMass + ProperMass + RestMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity + 10-2 + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass - - - - - T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - InversePermittivityUnit - InversePermittivityUnit + StaticFrictionCoefficient + CoefficientOfStaticFriction + StaticFrictionFactor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 + 4-23.1 - - + + + + + + - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - CapacitanceUnit - CapacitanceUnit + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + ModulusOfCompression + BulkModulus + ModulusOfCompression + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 + 4-19.3 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + + + + + + GluonType7 + GluonType7 + + + + + + + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + + CharacterisationProperty + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - + + + - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + The sample after a preparation process. - Nexafs - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + PreparedSample + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - MolarGibbsEnergy - MolarGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 - 9-6.4 - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 + 4-21.2 - + - + - + - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - ElectricFlux - ElectricFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 - 6-17 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - - - - - - - - BeginTile - BeginTile - - - - - - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - PhaseOfMatter - Phase - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + MolarConductivity + MolarConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 + 9-45 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 - - - - - GreenCharmQuark - GreenCharmQuark + + + + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + ApparentPower + ApparentPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 + 6-57 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - + + - - One minus the square of the coupling factor - LeakageFactor - LeakageFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 - 6-42.2 - One minus the square of the coupling factor - - - - - - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Partition function of a molecule. + MolecularPartitionFunction + MolecularPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 + 9-35.4 + Partition function of a molecule. - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassTemperatureUnit - MassTemperatureUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + + + + + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + QualityFactor + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 + 10-82 + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - - + + + + GravitySintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + Loose-powderSintering + PressurelessSintering + GravitySintering + + + + + - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - RotationalFrequency - RotationalFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 - 3-17.2 - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + ThermodynamicEfficiency + ThermalEfficiency + ThermodynamicEfficiency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 + 5-25.1 - - - - InspectionDevice - InspectionDevice + + + + A meson with spin two. + TensorMeson + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. - - - + + - RedStrangeQuark - RedStrangeQuark + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + ZBoson + NeutralWeakBoson + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuarkType - UpQuarkType + + + + + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + MassDefect + MassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 + 10-21.2 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - - - - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - NuclearMagneticResonance - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - NMR - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + + + + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + GrueneisenParamter + GrueneisenParamter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 + 12-14 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - - - - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - XrayPowderDiffraction - XRPD - XrayPowderDiffraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + + + + + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + RelativePermeability + RelativePermeability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 + 6-27 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 - - - + + - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - ElectronRadius - ElectronRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 - 10-19.2 - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + StandardAbsoluteActivity + StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 + 9-23 + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - + - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - - - - - - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - RelativeVolumeStrain - BulkStrain - VolumeStrain - RelativeVolumeStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 - 4-17.4 - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 - - - - - - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - TEM - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - - - - DieCasting - DieCasting + + + + WPositiveBoson + WPositiveBoson - - - - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - - HardnessTesting - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricResistanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit - - - - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Heteronuclear - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + Wavelength + Wavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength + 3-19 + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 - - - + + + - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - Attenuation - Extinction - Attenuation - 3-26.1 - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 - + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - - - - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - Welding - Schweißen - Welding +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - - + + + + - - + + - - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - Baryon - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon + + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + Torque + Torque + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque + 4-12.2 + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeFermion - CompositeFermion - Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: -spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron -spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + + + + + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + IterativeStep + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. - - - + + + - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 - 12-35.3 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + OsmoticFactorOfSolvent + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 + 9-27.2 + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + + + + + + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SourceVoltage + SourceTension + SourceVoltage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 + 6-36 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - + + - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePerTimeUnit + Sum of electric current and displacement current + TotalCurrent + TotalCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 + 6-19.2 + Sum of electric current and displacement current - - - + + + - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - ResidualResistivity - ResidualResistivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 - 12-17 - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + MultiplicationFactor + MultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 + 10-78.1 + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - - + @@ -19795,999 +19357,975 @@ spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neut - + - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - ElectricResistivity - Resistivity - ElectricResistivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 - 6-44 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + VolumicElectromagneticEnergy + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 + 6-33 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - + - T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - - - - - - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - QuantumAnnihilation - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - - - - - - - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - InternalStep - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - - - - - - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - ThroughTile - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - + - T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - ElectricChargeDensityUnit + AmountPerMassUnit + AmountPerMassUnit - - - - - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - BeginStep - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + + + + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 + 12-15.1 + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - - - - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - Assigner - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. + + + + Enthalpy per unit mass. + SpecificEnthalpy + SpecificEnthalpy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 + 5-21.3 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - - - - - T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MechanicalMobilityUnit - MechanicalMobilityUnit + + + + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + MassSpectrometry + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + OrdinaryMatter + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + + + + + - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - ScalarMagneticPotential - ScalarMagneticPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 - 6-37.1 - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 + 5-29 + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - - + + + + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + PhysicallyNonInteracting + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + + + + + + + ElectrolyticConductivity + ElectrolyticConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 + 9-44 + + + + - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - ProcessingReproducibility - ProcessingReproducibility - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + + + + + ResourceIdentifier + ResourceIdentifier - - - - - GreenBottomQuark - GreenBottomQuark + + + + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + TransformationLanguage + TransformationLanguage + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language + Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML - + - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit - - - - - SampleInspectionInstrument - SampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + + + + + + + + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + FundamentalLatticeVector + FundamentalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 + 12-1.2 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - - - + + + + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + SparkErosion + elektrochemisches Abtragen + SparkErosion + + + + - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - DisplacementVector - DisplacementVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 - 12-7.3 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + Porosity + Porosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - - + + + - vector quantity between any two points in space - Displacement - Displacement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) - 3-1.11 - vector quantity between any two points in space - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 + 9-36.1 - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - TensileForming - Zugdruckumformen - TensileForming + + + + + + + + + + + + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + DissociationConstant + DissociationConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - - + + - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - SupplyChain - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + Folding + Folding - - - - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - PseudovectorMeson - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson + + + + FormingJoin + FormingJoin - - - - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data - - MeasurementTime - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - - - + + + - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - MeanEnergyImparted - MeanEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 - 10-80.2 - Expectation value of the energy imparted. + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - Capacitance - ElectricCapacitance - Capacitance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance - 6-13 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - - - = + + + 1 - The equals symbol. - Equals - Equals - The equals symbol. + An integer number. + Integer + Integer + An integer number. - - - - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - - DataNormalisation - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + + + + + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + InternalConversionFactor + InternalConversionCoefficient + InternalConversionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 + 10-35 + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + + + + + + + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassExcess + RelativeMassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 + 10-22.1 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - - + + + - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - SpecificGibbsEnergy - SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 - 5-21.5 - Gibbs energy per unit mass. + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + ReactorTimeConstant + ReactorTimeConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 + 10-79 + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - - - - - - + + - - + + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - Time derivative of exposure. - ExposureRate - ExposureRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 - 10-89 - Time derivative of exposure. + + + + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - - Extrusion - Extrusion - + + + + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] - - - - - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. +Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - BoltzmannConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. +A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + GammaSpectrometry + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 +Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. + +A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - - - + + - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - MaximumEfficiency - CarnotEfficiency - MaximumEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 - 5-25.2 - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + RotationalFrequency + RotationalFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 + 3-17.2 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - + - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AbsorbedDoseUnit - AbsorbedDoseUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + + + + + IntermediateSample + IntermediateSample - - + + + - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 - 5-10.2 - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + GrandPartionFunction + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 + 9-35.3 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + GreenDownQuark + GreenDownQuark + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidSolidSuspension + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + + + - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - ThermalTransmittance - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 - 5-10.1 - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + ComptonWavelength + ComptonWavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 + 10-20 + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength - + + - - + + - Volume per amount of substance. - MolarVolume - MolarVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 - 9-5 - Volume per amount of substance. + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + AbsorbedDose + AbsorbedDose + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + 10-81.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - - - - CSharp - C# - CSharp + + + + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - - - - - + + + + + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + RelativePermittivity + RelativePermittivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 + 6-15 + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + + + + - - + + + 1 - - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - ThermalConductance - ThermalConductance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 - 5-13 - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - - - - + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + 2 - - - - LuminousIntensityUnit - LuminousIntensityUnit + + + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Proton + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ElectricResistanceUnit - ElectricResistanceUnit + AmountUnit + AmountUnit - + + + + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + URN + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + - - + - Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - IonicStrength - IonicStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 - 9-42 - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + DiffusionArea + DiffusionArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 + 10-72.2 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - LowPressureCasting - LowPressureCasting + + + + + + + + + + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - + + + + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + AlphaSpectrometry + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + - + - + - SectionModulus - SectionModulus - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 - 4-22 - - - - - - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - VoltagePhasor - VoltagePhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 - 6-50 - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - - - - - - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - HiggsBoson - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson - - - - - - - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - QualityFactor - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 - 10-82 - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + ElectricFieldStrength + ElectricFieldStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 + 6-10 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - - - - - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - AmountFraction - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + + + + TransferMolding + TransferMolding - + - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - EnergyImparted - EnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 - 10-80.1 - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - - - - - - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - OxidationNumber - OxidationState - OxidationNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - - - - - - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. - The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. - ChargeNumber - IonizationNumber - ChargeNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number - 10-5.2 - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 + 10-32 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - + + - PlasticModeling - PlasticModeling - - - - - - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - AlgebricExpression - 2x+3 + Riveting + Riveting - + - + - + - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - ElectricDipoleMoment - ElectricDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - 6-6 - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + PeltierCoefficient + PeltierCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 + 12-22 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - - - + + - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - EBSD - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - SEM - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + + + + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + + + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - ElectronicModel - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. + + + + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + Photon + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon - - - - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - CharacterisationExperiment - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + IonicStrength + IonicStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 + 9-42 + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - + + + + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - - + + - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - RadiantFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + ElectricCurrentPhasor + ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 + 6-49 - - - - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - Height - Height - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Height - 3-1.3 - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + + + + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Assembled + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - - - - - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 - 10-64 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - - + + - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + Dismantling + Demontage + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + StandardModelParticle + ElementaryParticle + StandardModelParticle + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. + This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 + + + - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 - 10-65 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + RichardsonConstantUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit + + + + + + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + PhaseOfMatter + Phase + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - - - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + + + + Calendering + Calendering - - + + - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. - The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - - - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + + + + RedUpAntiQuark + RedUpAntiQuark - - - - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - FTIR - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + + + + + + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + Hypothesis + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - - - - - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - PhaseCoefficient - PhaseChangeCoefficient - PhaseCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 - 3-26.2 - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + + + + Estimated + Estimated + The biography of a person that the author have not met. - - + + + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). + +IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - Synchrotron - Synchrotron + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + IMC + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). + +IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - + - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - - - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - lasciano tensioni residue di compressione - CompressiveForming - Druckumformen - CompressiveForming - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidGasSuspension - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water + + ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit - - + + + - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. - Solubility - Solubility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + SolidAngularMeasure + SolidAngle + SolidAngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle + 3-8 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle - - - - - Permittivity divided by electric constant. - RelativePermittivity - RelativePermittivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 - 6-15 - Permittivity divided by electric constant. + + + + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + Observer + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - RichardsonConstant - RichardsonConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 - 12-26 - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + BohrRadius + BohrRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 + 10-6 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 - - - - CompositeMaterial - CompositeMaterial + + + + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + ShellScript + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script @@ -20797,676 +20335,626 @@ Hartree-Fock. GrowingCrystal - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaPerTimeUnit - AreaPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - ThermalUtilizationFactor - ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 - 10-76 - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + + + + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + CharacterisationDataValidation + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - - + + - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Parameter used for the sample inspection process - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + SampleInspectionParameter + SampleInspectionParameter + Parameter used for the sample inspection process - - - - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). -A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. - PhysicsEquationSolution - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + GasLiquidSuspension + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. - - + + + + + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Spin + Spin + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 + 10-10 + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + + + + - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - CompressionTesting - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + PrimaryData + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Baseline subtraction + Noise reduction + X and Y axes correction - - - - - T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaFractionUnit - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) + CubicExpansionCoefficient + CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 + 5-3.2 + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - - + - + - + - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - Magnetization - Magnetization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 - 6-24 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + ThermalExpansionCoefficient + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - - - - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - DefiningEquation - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + + + + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + LinearExpansionCoefficient + LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 + 5-3.1 + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + -The definition of density as mass/volume. + + + + + SerialStep + SerialStep + -y = f(x) + + + + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Join + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - - CharacterisationComponent - CharacterisationComponent + + + + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + PhysicalPhenomena + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - - - - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - AtomProbeTomography - 3D Atom Probe - APT - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + Gluing + Kleben + Gluing - - - - - + + + + + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + CountingUnit + CountingUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM + 1 + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + + + + - - + + - - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - Exposure - Exposure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 - 10-88 - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - - - - + - - T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + - - - - IlluminanceTimeUnit - IlluminanceTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + - Semiotics - Semiotics + Cognition + IconSemiosis + Cognition - + - T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - - - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 - 9-27.3 + + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - - + + - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - Rolling - Walzen - Rolling + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - AcceptorDensity - AcceptorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 - 12-29.5 - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - - - - + + - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - DimensionalUnit - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - - + + - Irradiate - Irradiate - - - - - - - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 - 12-13 + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + Sawing + Sägen + Sawing + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - - + + - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - AtomicForceMicroscopy - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - - - - - - StaticFrictionCoefficient - CoefficientOfStaticFriction - StaticFrictionFactor - StaticFrictionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 - 4-23.1 + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + + LightScattering + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - + - T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - GFactor - GFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + + + + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + NuclearMagneticResonance + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + NMR + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - + + - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - ProductionSystem - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - - - - - - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - Network - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + Milling + Fräsen + Milling - - + + - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - BET - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + UserCase + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - - - - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + + + T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - EffectiveMass - EffectiveMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 - 12-30 - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + + + + + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + Simulation + Modelling + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. - - - - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - PositionVector - PositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) - 3-1.10 - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + + + + + RedTopQuark + RedTopQuark - - - + + + + method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current + + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current + + + + + + + T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 - 10-74.2 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + PerLengthTimeUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit - - + + + - Heat capacity at constant volume. - IsochoricHeatCapacity - HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume - IsochoricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 - 5-16.3 - Heat capacity at constant volume. + DebyeTemperature + DebyeTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 + 12-11 - - + + - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - CalibrationData - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - - + + + + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + RadialDistance + RadialDistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 + 3-1.9 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + + + - - + + + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + BindingFraction + BindingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 + 10-23.2 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + + + + - - + + ∇ + + Gradient + Gradient + + + + + + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 - 10-51 - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + VolumeUnit + VolumeUnit + + + + - - + - - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 - 4-21.2 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + MeanMassRange + MeanMassRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 + 10-57 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - - + + + - ModulusOfAdmittance - ModulusOfAdmittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 - 6-52.4 - - - - - - - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Stage - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. - - - - - - - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Emulsion - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. - - - - - - Flanging - Flanging - - - - - - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - - Exafs - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + MassFractionOfDryMatter + MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 + 5-32 + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - - - + + - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - OsmoticFactorOfSolvent - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 - 9-27.2 - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 - - - - - - TransferMolding - TransferMolding + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + LinkedFlux + LinkedFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 + 6-22.2 + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - - - - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - SamplePreparationParameter - SamplePreparationParameter - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + + + FORTRAN + FORTRAN - - - - - RawSample - RawSample + + + + + + + + + + + + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + Theorisation + Theorization + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - - - - MetallicMaterial - MetallicMaterial + + + + A construction language used to write configuration files. + ConfigurationLanguage + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + .ini files + Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - - - - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + + + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron + MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 + 10-12.2 + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - + - - - - - - + + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - - CompositeBoson - CompositeBoson - Examples of composite particles with integer spin: -spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion -spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson -spin 2: O15 in ground state. + + + JosephsonConstantUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - CompositePhysicalParticle - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + + + + + + + + + + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + AlgebricEquation + 2 * a - b = c - - - + + - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - SlowingDownArea - SlowingDownArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 - 10-72.1 - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + PhaseVelocity + PhaseSpeed + PhaseVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity + 3-23.1 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity - - - - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - CentreOfMass - CentreOfMass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + + + + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + BET + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - - - - - IsothermalCompressibility - IsothermalCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 - 5-5.1 + + + + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - - - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - QueryLanguage - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - SQL, SPARQL - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + TotalCurrentDensity + TotalCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 + 6-20 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - + - T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthMassUnit - LengthMassUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + + + + + + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + + PostProcessingModel + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. @@ -21482,24 +20970,7 @@ spin 2: O15 in ground state. ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - - - - - - - - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - Array3D - 3DArray - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - - + @@ -21507,389 +20978,429 @@ spin 2: O15 in ground state. - + - SpecificEntropy - SpecificEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 - 5-19 - - - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - ThermalResistanceUnit - ThermalResistanceUnit - - - - - - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - SpatiallyRedundant - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - - - - - - MultiParticlePath - MultiParticlePath + ThermalDiffusivity + ThermalDiffusionCoefficient + ThermalDiffusivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 + 5-14 - + + + + A real vector with 3 elements. + Shape3Vector + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + + + + - + - Mathematical description in crystallography. - StructureFactor - StructureFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 - 12-5.4 - Mathematical description in crystallography. - - - - - - - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - SubProcess - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + EquilibriumPositionVector + EquilibriumPositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 + 12-7.2 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - - - - C - C + + + + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. + MachineCell + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - - - - - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - SpecificEnergyImparted - SpecificEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 - 10-81.2 - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + + + + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. +When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + + Exafs + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. +When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ElectricChargeUnit + ElectricChargeUnit - - - - ProductionEngineering - ProductionEngineering + + + + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + + Detector + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM + Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing - - - - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - Organisation - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + + + + + + + + + + + + + SectionModulus + SectionModulus + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 + 4-22 - - - - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - Dismantling - Demontage - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + BraggAngle + BraggAngle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 + 12-4 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - + + + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + RamanSpectroscopy + RamanSpectroscopy + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + + + - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + Property of a solute in a solution. + StandardAbsoluteActivity + StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 + 9-26 + Property of a solute in a solution. - + - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AreaDensityUnit - AreaDensityUnit + + ForceUnit + ForceUnit - - - - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - Tool - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + + + + + SampleInspectionInstrument + SampleInspectionInstrument - - - - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - CommercialProduct - Product - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + SpecificVolume + MassicVolume + SpecificVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 + 4-3 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ParticleEmissionRate + ParticleEmissionRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 + 10-36 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + + - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - Product - Output - Product - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + DeepFreezing + Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze + Tieftemperaturbehandeln + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - + - T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit - - - - - - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - Guess - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + + + + MicrowaveSintering + MicrowaveSintering - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - IsentropicCompressibility - IsentropicCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 - 5-5.2 - - - - - - - RedDownQuark - RedDownQuark + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + ElectricFlux + ElectricFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 + 6-17 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - - - + + + + + T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 - 10-33 - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + AreaSquareTimeUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit - - - - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - Drilling - Bohren - Drilling + + + + + + + + + + + + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + ChemicalAffinity + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 + 9-30 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - - - - WPositiveBoson - WPositiveBoson + + + + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + Fractography + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - WBoson - ChargedWeakBoson - IntermediateVectorBoson - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + + + + + + + + + + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + File + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - - - - - TauAntiNeutrino - TauAntiNeutrino + + + + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + DigitalData + BinaryData + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - - - + + + + + T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - ShortRangeOrderParameter - ShortRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 - 12-5.1 - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit - - - - - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - WaveVector - WaveVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 - 3-21 - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + + + + Numeral + Numeral - - - - Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. - The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field - - Dielectrometry - Dielectrometry - electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + - - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - - Operator - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + Time derivative of exposure. + ExposureRate + ExposureRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 + 10-89 + Time derivative of exposure. - - - - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - IntentionalAgent - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + InductanceUnit + InductanceUnit + + + + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + Moulding + Gesenkformen + Moulding @@ -21903,1284 +21414,1225 @@ It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentio https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - - - - Folding - Folding - - - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - ShearForming - Schubumformen - ShearForming - - - - - - - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - CountingUnit - CountingUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM - 1 - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - Unit of atomic number -Unit of number of cellular -Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics - - - - + + - + - Decays per unit time. - Radioactivity - RadioactiveActivity - Radioactivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + MassFlow + MassFlow + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 + 4-30.1 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - + + + + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AreaPerTimeUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + SeebeckCoefficient + SeebeckCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 + 12-21 + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + + + + - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + SIMS + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - + + - ElectrolyticDeposition - ElectrolyticDeposition + FormingFromChip + FormingFromChip - - - - - InjectionMolding - InjectionMolding + + + + + GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - ShearCutting - Scherschneiden - ShearCutting + + + + + + + + + + + + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + MagneticMoment + MagneticAreaMoment + MagneticMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 + 6-23 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - - - - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - ShearOrTorsionTesting + + + + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. + Command + Command + From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. - - + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + MassFractionUnit + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. + + + + - ThermalSprayingForming - ThermalSprayingForming + CentrifugalCasting + CentrifugalCasting - - - - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - Widening - Weiten - Widening + + + + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - - - - - - ∇ - - - - Gradient - Gradient + + + + + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + Material + Material + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - - - DifferentialOperator - DifferentialOperator + + + + + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + ElectronAffinity + ElectronAffinity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 + 12-25 + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - + - T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - CapacitancePerLengthUnit + PerEnergyUnit + PerEnergyUnit - - - + + + + + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + PhaseAngle + PhaseAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 + 3-7 + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + + + + - BlueCharmAntiQuark - BlueCharmAntiQuark + GluonType8 + GluonType8 - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - SolidFoam - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel + + + + + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassDefect + RelativeMassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 + 10-22.2 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - Cognised - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Tomography + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - - + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - TotalCrossSection - TotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 - 10-38.2 - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + LuminousIntensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit - - - - + + + + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + Shape4x3Matrix + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + + + - - + + - - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 - 10-38.1 - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - - - - - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - ArchetypeManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - PrimitiveForming - Urformen - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + Matrix + 2DArray + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - + + - + - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - Illuminance - Illuminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - - - - - - - T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassSquareTimeUnit - MassSquareTimeUnit + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 + 10-50 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - - + + + - + - + - - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - LatticeVector - LatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 - 12-1.1 - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - - - - - - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. - MachineCell - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - - - - - - - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - NonLeakageProbability - NonLeakageProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 - 10-77 - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + ElectricResistivity + Resistivity + ElectricResistivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 + 6-44 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - PerLengthTemperatureUnit + MassAreaUnit + MassAreaUnit - - - - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + + + + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 + 9-35.1 - - - - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - Assembled - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + + + + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + LogarithmicUnit + LogarithmicUnit + http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Decibel + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units - - - - - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - PerPressureUnit - PerPressureUnit + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + RestEnergy + RestEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 + 10-3 + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy - - + + + - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - + - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + AtomicMass + AtomicMass + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + 10-4.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - - - - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] - -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. - -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - - GammaSpectrometry - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] - -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. - -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + + + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + StandaloneModelSimulation + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - - + + - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve (see + The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipita- tion reactions are most frequently used. + The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added - DataQuality - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + ConductometricTitration + ConductometricTitration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - StandardAmountConcentration - StandardConcentration - StandardMolarConcentration - StandardAmountConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - 9-12.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + + + + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + + ConfocalMicroscopy + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - + - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + CapacitanceUnit + CapacitanceUnit - - - - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - SolidAngle - SolidAngle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - 3-6 - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 + + + + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + QuantumAnnihilation + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - + + + - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - LengthPerTemperatureUnit + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 + 10-78.2 + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - - - - - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + Bending + Bending - - - - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - PrincipalQuantumNumber - PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 - 10-13.2 - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + + + + + + + + + + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + CondensedMatter + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - - - - Property of a solute in a solution. - StandardAbsoluteActivity - StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 - 9-26 - Property of a solute in a solution. + + + + LaserCutting + LaserCutting - + + - - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - ElectricSusceptibility - ElectricSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 - 6-16 - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + ThermalUtilizationFactor + ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 + 10-76 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - + - - + + - - - - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - Replica - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. - Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - - - - - - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - - - - - - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricFluxUnit - ElectricFluxUnit - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - ElectricFieldStrength - ElectricFieldStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 - 6-10 - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + + CharacterisationWorkflow + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - - - + + + - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 - 6-38 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + ActivityOfSolvent + ActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 + 9-27.1 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - - - - - T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - AmountPerMassPressureUnit + + + + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + Viscometry + Viscosity + Viscometry + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - + - T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit - - - - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - LandeFactor - GFactorOfAtom - LandeFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 - 10-14.1 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + + + + + BlueUpQuark + BlueUpQuark - - - - LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. - The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. - The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. - - LinearScanVoltammetry - LSV - LinearPolarization - LinearSweepVoltammetry - LinearScanVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + ThroughTile + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - - - - - SamplePreparationInstrument - SamplePreparationInstrument + + + + DippingForms + DippingForms - - - - - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - PackingFraction - PackingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 - 10-23.1 - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + + + + + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + EBSD + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - - - - T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + + + + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + CommercialProduct + Product + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. - - - - - T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + Written as pH + PH + PH + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 + For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - EnergyDensityOfStates - EnergyDensityOfStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 - 12-16 - Quantity in condensed matter physics. + + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + Estimation + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + + PhotochemicalProcesses + PhotochemicalProcesses - - - - - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - NeutronYieldPerFission - NeutronYieldPerFission - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 - 10-74.1 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + WBoson + ChargedWeakBoson + IntermediateVectorBoson + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - + + + - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - Tortuosity - Tortuosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - - - - - - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - Peening - ShotPeening - Verfestigungsstrahlen - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - - - - - ArithmeticEquation - ArithmeticEquation - 1 + 1 = 2 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 + 10-70 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - - - - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Join - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + + SecondaryData + Elaborated data + SecondaryData + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Deconvoluted curves + Intensity maps - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - ThermalConductivityUnit - ThermalConductivityUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. - ThermalConductivity - ThermalConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity - 5-9 - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + + + + ThermalSprayingForming + ThermalSprayingForming - - - - Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell + + + + FormingFromPowder + FormingFromPowder - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Fork + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - IterativeStep - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + + + PolymericMaterial + PolymericMaterial - - - - - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MagneticReluctivityUnit - MagneticReluctivityUnit + + + + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + LevelOfExpertise + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - - - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - NuclearGFactor - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 - 10-14.2 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + PseudoscalarMeson + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - - - - DrawForms - DrawForms + + + + + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 - 10-13.7 - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + AreaDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - + + - HandlingDevice - HandlingDevice + PaperManufacturing + PaperManufacturing - - - + + - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - CarrierLifetime - CarrierLifetime - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 - 12-32.2 - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + SpecificGibbsEnergy + SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 + 5-21.5 + Gibbs energy per unit mass. - - - - - - - - - - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - AlgebricEquation - 2 * a - b = c + + + + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + ScalarMeson + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - + - T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - MassPerElectricChargeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - MassExcess - MassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 - 10-21.1 - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - - + + + - The energy of an object due to its motion. - KineticEnergy - KineticEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy - 4-28.2 - The energy of an object due to its motion. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + Position vector of a particle. + ParticlePositionVector + ParticlePositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 + 12-7.1 + Position vector of a particle. - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - InductanceUnit - InductanceUnit + + PerAmountUnit + PerAmountUnit - - - - FlameCutting - FlameCutting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + Hyperon + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LuminanceUnit - LuminanceUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit - - - - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist - PhysicalPhenomenon - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + + + + + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 + 6-35.1 + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - - - - - Partition function of a molecule. - MolecularPartitionFunction - MolecularPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 - 9-35.4 - Partition function of a molecule. + + + + + + + + + + + + + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + Operator + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + + + + + Filling + Filling + + + + + + DropForging + DropForging - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - Hyperon - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon + + + + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + ComplexPower + ComplexApparentPower + ComplexPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 + 6-59 + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - BurgersVector - BurgersVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 - 12-6 - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + + + + PermeabilityUnit + PermeabilityUnit - - - - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - DataExchangeLanguage - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - JSON, YAML, XML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages + + + + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - Tau - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) - + + + + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. - - - - ChipboardManufacturing - ChipboardManufacturing +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. + +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. + +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + Subjective + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + + + + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + Rolling + Walzen + Rolling - - - - - - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - Hypothesis - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + + + + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + Cleaning + Cleaning - - - - - Written as pOH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - POH - POH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + + + + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + Planing + Hobeln + Planing - + - T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit - - - - FORTRAN - FORTRAN + + + + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + Tool + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - + + + - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Minus - Minus + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + LogarithmicDecrement + LogarithmicDecrement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 + 3-25 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - + - T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - SquareTimeUnit - SquareTimeUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + + + + + + + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + NucleonNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number + 10-1.3 + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + + + + + + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + + CreepTesting + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + + + + + + + GreenStrangeQuark + GreenStrangeQuark - - - - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - StandaloneModelSimulation - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + + + + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Calorimetry + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - - + + - Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Signal + Signal + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - - - - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - ReactionEnergy - ReactionEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 - 10-37.1 - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + + + + GravityCasting + GravityCasting - - - - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - HybridMatter - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + + + + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + StandardUnit + ReferenceMaterial + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l - - + + - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - The act of connecting together the parts of something - Assemblying - Assemblying - The act of connecting together the parts of something - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + Irradiate + Irradiate - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ArithmeticExpression - ArithmeticExpression - 2+2 + + + + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + DMA + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - - - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 - 10-13.6 - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + + ThermomechanicalTreatment + ThermomechanicalTreatment - - - - - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - GibbsEnergy - GibbsFreeEnergy - GibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 - 5-20.5 - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 + + + + + BlueStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeQuark @@ -23192,304 +22644,340 @@ pH = −10 log(a_OH-) A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - - - - PlasmaCutting - PlasmaCutting - - - - - - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - IonMobilitySpectrometry - IMS - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - - - - - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - JosephsonConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - - - - - - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 - 10-13.8 - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - - - - - - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - Namer - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + + + + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - DataFiltering - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + PhysicallyInteracting + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AreicSpeedUnit - AreicSpeedUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit - - + + + + + + - - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - - - - - GluonType4 - GluonType4 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + DoseEquivalent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent + 10-83.1 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - Imaginary part of the complex power. - ReactivePower - ReactivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 - 6-60 - Imaginary part of the complex power. + + + + + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + MaterialSynthesis + MaterialSynthesis + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountUnit - AmountUnit + + + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + ScanningKelvinProbe + SKB + ScanningKelvinProbe + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - + + + + + + - - T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + + + + - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - CausallHairedSystem - CausallHairedSystem + ParticleConcentration + ParticleConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 + 9-9.1 - - - + + + - + - - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - AbsorbedDose - AbsorbedDose - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - 10-81.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + MolecularConcentration + MolecularConcentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 + 9-9.2 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - - + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + + - + - + - - A constituent of a system. - Component - Component - A constituent of a system. + + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - - + + - Inverse of the impendance. - Admittance - ComplexAdmittance - Admittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance - 6-52.1 - Inverse of the impendance. + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + SolidAngle + SolidAngle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + 3-6 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - - - - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - Screwing - Schrauben - Screwing + + + + + BlueTopAntiQuark + BlueTopAntiQuark - - - - HotDipGalvanizing - Hot-dipGalvanizing - HotDipGalvanizing + + + + + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). + + + + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - IMC - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). + + + + The imaginary part of the impedance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + ElectricReactance + Reactance + ElectricReactance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 + 6-51.3 + The imaginary part of the impedance. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + + + + + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + LondonPenetrationDepth + LondonPenetrationDepth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 + 12-38.1 + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + + + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + + + + + + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + BaseQuantity + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + base quantity + + + + + - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - Vergence - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + ShortRangeOrderParameter + ShortRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 + 12-5.1 + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - StepChronopotentiometry - StepChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + + + BlueBottomAntiQuark + BlueBottomAntiQuark - + + + + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + ApplicationSpecificScript + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. + + + - T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimePerVolumeUnit - TimePerVolumeUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit - - - - - ElectronAntiNeutrino - ElectronAntiNeutrino + + + + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + AtomProbeTomography + 3D Atom Probe + APT + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - - - - - T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + + + + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 + 10-13.3 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - - - - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - + + + - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - AmountPerMassTimeUnit + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + Activity + Activity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 + 10-27 + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 @@ -23505,453 +22993,502 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - - - - - - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + IlluminanceTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - ComplexPower - ComplexApparentPower - ComplexPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 - 6-59 - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + ThermalConductance + ThermalConductance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 + 5-13 + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - - - + + + + + T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 - 9-36.1 + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - - + + - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - AlphaSpectrometry - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + FE-SEM + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - - - + + + + + + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. + RelativeHumidity + RelativeHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 + 5-33 + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + + + + - - + + / - + + Division + Division + + + + + + + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + SpecialUnit + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m + + + + - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - ThomsonCoefficient - ThomsonCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 - 12-23 - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + The energy of an object due to its motion. + KineticEnergy + KineticEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy + 4-28.2 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 - - - + - - - - - - - + + Determined + Determined + + + + - JouleThomsonCoefficient - JouleThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 - 5-24 + Average power over a period. + ActivePower + ActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 + 6-56 + Average power over a period. - - + + - Galvanizing - Galvanizing + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + RapidPrototyping + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - - - - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - MutualInductance - MutualInductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 - 6-41.2 - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Emulsion + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. - - + + + - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricImpedance - Impedance - ElectricImpedance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 - 6-51.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance + For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. + IsentropicExponent + IsentropicExponent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 + 5-17.2 - - - - - BlueTopQuark - BlueTopQuark + + + + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - - - - Exponent - Exponent + + + + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + CurrentLinkage + CurrentLinkage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 + 6-37.4 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - - - + + + - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - ComptonWavelength - ComptonWavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 - 10-20 - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + CarrierLifetime + CarrierLifetime + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 + 12-32.2 + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - + + + - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - TemperaturePerLengthUnit + Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + WorkFunction + ElectronWorkFunction + WorkFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 + 12-24.1 + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - - + + - HardeningByDrawing - HardeningByDrawing + HandlingDevice + HandlingDevice - - - - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + + + + + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + MobilityRatio + MobilityRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 + 12-31 + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - RamanSpectroscopy - RamanSpectroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + ElectronNeutrino + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino + -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + + + + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Laboratory + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + + + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + ExactConstant + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - - - - - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - GreenStrangeAntiQuark + + + + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + TotalCrossSection + TotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 + 10-38.2 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - - - - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - STM - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + + + Spacing + Spacing - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - AcousticQuantity - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + Capacitance + ElectricCapacitance + Capacitance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance + 6-13 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 + + + + + + GluonType3 + GluonType3 - - + + + - - T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + + - - + - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. + NumberOfElements + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - + + + + + Number of donor levels per volume. + DonorDensity + DonorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 + 12-29.4 + Number of donor levels per volume. + + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + + ThermalResistanceUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit - + - T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - - - - - - Assigned - Assigned + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - Product of force and displacement. - Work - Work - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work - Product of force and displacement. - 4-28.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + + + + + GreenCharmQuark + GreenCharmQuark - - - - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - Milling - Fräsen - Milling + + + + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + Nexafs + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - - - - CeramicSintering - CeramicSintering + + + + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + MutualInductance + MutualInductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 + 6-41.2 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - DiffusionLength - DiffusionLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 - 12-33 - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + ElectricInductance + Inductance + ElectricInductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 + 6-41.1 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - + + - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - DisplacementCurrent - DisplacementCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 - 6-19.1 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. + Solubility + Solubility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 - + - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 - 10-32 - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - - - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - SpecificationLanguage - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language - - - - - - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - NonActivePower - NonActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 - 6-61 - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - - - - - - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - - ContinuousCasting - ContinuousCasting - - - - - - ReactionSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - ReactionSintering - - - - - - Java - Java + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + HartreeEnergy + HartreeEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree + 10-8 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - - - + + - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - ThermoelectricVoltage - ThermoelectricVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 - 12-20 - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + DoseEquivalentRate + DoseEquivalentRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 + 10-83.2 + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - - - - - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - NucleonNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number - 10-1.3 - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + ShearForming + Schubumformen + ShearForming - - - - - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - MassFractionOfWater - MassFractionOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 - 5-31 - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + + + + Magnetizing + Magnetizing - - - - - GreenBottomAntiQuark - GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + CharacterisationProtocol + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - + @@ -23959,556 +23496,557 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - + - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - DecayConstant - DisintegrationConstant - DecayConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 - 10-24 - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + BohrMagneton + BohrMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 + 10-9.2 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - - - - - - - - - - + + - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - AvogadroConstant - AvogadroConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + NuclearGFactor + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 + 10-14.2 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - - - - - T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - - - - - - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - DSC - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + KineticFrictionForce + DynamicFrictionForce + KineticFrictionForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 + 4-9.4 + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - - - - GluonType6 - GluonType6 + + + + CSharp + C# + CSharp - - - - - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - Activity - Activity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 - 10-27 - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + + + + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Unknown + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light - - OpticalMicroscopy - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - - - + + + - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 - 6-35.1 - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + MigrationArea + MigrationArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 + 10-72.3 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ThermalResistivityUnit - ThermalResistivityUnit + + AngularMomentumUnit + AngularMomentumUnit - - - - Riveting - Riveting + + + + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + DataFiltering + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + Uncoded + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + A random generated id for a product. + + + + + + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + TensileTesting + TensionTest + TensileTesting + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - - - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - LinkedModelsSimulation - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + + + + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + CharacterisationExperiment + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - + + - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - RefractiveIndex - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 + 5-21.4 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - - - - - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - TotalAngularMomentum - TotalAngularMomentum - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 - 10-11 - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedFractionUnit + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - ModulusOfCompression - BulkModulus - ModulusOfCompression - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 - 4-19.3 - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + + + + SandMolds + SandMolds - + - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - CPlusPlus - C++ - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - - - - - - - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - FermiTemperature - FermiTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 - 12-28 - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + C + C - - + - - - - - - - - - - Number of ions per volume. - IonNumberDensity - IonDensity - IonNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 - 10-62.2 - Number of ions per volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - Momentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum - 4-8 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + NeutronNumber + NeutronNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 + 10-1.2 + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 - - - + + + - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - NuclearRadius - NuclearRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 - 10-19.1 - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + Wavenumber + Repetency + Wavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + 3-20 + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - - CharacterisationProtocol - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + Assigned + Assigned - - + + + - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthFractionUnit - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + CatalyticActivityUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit - - - - - + + - - + + T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Perceived power of light. - LuminousFlux - LuminousFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux - 7-13 - Perceived power of light. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 + TimePerLengthUnit + TimePerLengthUnit - - - - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + + + Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. + The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential + + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + EIS + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal - PrimaryData - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Baseline subtraction - Noise reduction - X and Y axes correction + MeasurementParameter + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal - - - - - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - ActiveEnergy - ActiveEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 - 6-62 - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + + + + Flanging + Flanging - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - - - The charge of an electron. - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + AreaTimeUnit + AreaTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - PoyntingVector - PoyntingVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 - 6-34 - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + ThermalDiffusionFactor + ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 + 9-40.2 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - - - - PaperManufacturing - PaperManufacturing + + + + SystemUnit + SystemUnit - - - - Punctuation - Punctuation + + + + + Inverse of the quality factor. + LossFactor + LossFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 + 6-54 + Inverse of the quality factor. - - - - Polynomial - Polynomial - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + + + + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + AccessConditions + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? - - - - - Service - IntangibleProduct - Service - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 + + + + + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + SubjectiveProperty + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. - - - + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - MobilityRatio - MobilityRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 - 12-31 - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - - - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - - IonChromatography - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + Muon + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - EntropyPerAmountUnit - EntropyPerAmountUnit + LorenzNumberUnit + LorenzNumberUnit - - - - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - GITT - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response + + + + + + = + + + + The equals symbol. + Equals + Equals + The equals symbol. - - - - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - - CharacterisedSample - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + + + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + PseudovectorMeson + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson - - - - - RedUpAntiQuark - RedUpAntiQuark + + + + + IsentropicCompressibility + IsentropicCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 + 5-5.2 + + + + + + InterferenceFitting + InterferenceFitting - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - MagneticPotentialUnit - MagneticPotentialUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + + + + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + SpatiallyRedundant + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - - + + + + + + - - T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - AreaSquareTimeUnit - AreaSquareTimeUnit + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + Acceleration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration + 3-9.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - + + + + + Service + IntangibleProduct + Service + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 + + + + + + + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 + 6-38 + + + + + + MultiParticlePath + MultiParticlePath + + + + + + + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + InternalStep + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + + + + + + + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + Lethargy + Lethargy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 + 10-69 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + + + + - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - ThreePointBendingTesting - ThreePointFlexuralTest - ThreePointBendingTesting - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - - - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - WearTesting - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + + + + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + PackingFraction + PackingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 + 10-23.1 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. @@ -24518,522 +24056,761 @@ It defines the base unit mole in the SI system.Molds - - - - - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 - 9-6.3 - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + + + + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + PrecipitationHardening + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - - - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - ZBoson - NeutralWeakBoson - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - + - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + DifferentialRefractiveIndex - + + + + + BlueDownQuark + BlueDownQuark + + + + + + IsothermalConversion + IsothermalConversion + + + - T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - EnergyAreaUnit - EnergyAreaUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit - - - - A function defined using functional notation. - A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). - MathematicalFunction - FunctionDefinition - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) + + + + + + + + + + + + + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + Molality + AmountPerMass + Molality + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 + 9-15 + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SurfaceTension + 4-26 + SurfaceTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 - - - - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Calorimetry - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + + + PowderCoating + PowderCoating - - - - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + + + + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + StyleSheetLanguage + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + CSS + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language - - - - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + + + + + + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + Guess + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - - - + + + - BlueUpQuark - BlueUpQuark + Positron + Positron - - + + + + + distance between successive lattice planes + LatticePlaneSpacing + LatticePlaneSpacing + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 + 12-3 + distance between successive lattice planes + + + + - - Δ + + + + + + - - Laplacian - Laplacian + + A computer language used to describe simulations. + SimulationLanguage + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language - - - - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - - Fractography - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + + + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SuperconductorEnergyGap + SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 + 12-37 + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - - - - - HelmholtzEnergy - HelmholtzFreeEnergy - HelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 - 5-20.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + + + + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - + + + + FormingFromPulp + FormingFromPulp + + + + - + - + - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + Volume + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + 3-4 + - W = g μ M B + + + + + T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + + + + + RedTopAntiQuark + RedTopAntiQuark + --- ISO 80000 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + + + + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + TotalAngularMomentum + TotalAngularMomentum + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 + 10-11 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + - ΔW = −μ · B - MagneticDipoleMoment - MagneticDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - 10-9.1 - 6-30 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + + + + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + NeelTemperature + NeelTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 + 12-35.2 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + + + + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - - + + + + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + CalibrationData + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + + + + + + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + DiffusionLength + DiffusionLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 + 12-33 + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + + + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + MuonNeutrino + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + + + + + + Polynomial + Polynomial + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - ExchangeIntegral - ExchangeIntegral - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 - 12-34 - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Coercivity + Coercivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 + 6-31 + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerAreaUnit - PerAreaUnit + MassUnit + MassUnit - - - - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - AreicElectricCharge - SurfaceChargeDensity - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 - 6-4 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 + + + + + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + PureParallelWorkflow + EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - + + + + + Synchrotron + Synchrotron + + + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + PressureFractionUnit + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + + + + + + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + + + + + + Letter + Letter + + + + + + TransportationDevice + TransportationDevice + + + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit - - - - Heat capacity at constant pressure. - IsobaricHeatCapacity - HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure - IsobaricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 - 5-16.2 - Heat capacity at constant pressure. + + + + MaterialRelationComputation + MaterialRelationComputation - - - - UTF8 - UTF8 + + + + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Modeller + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTemperatureUnit - SquareTemperatureUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - + - - + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - A boolean number. - Boolean - Boolean - A boolean number. - - - - - - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DrawForming - DrawForming - - - - - - CentrifugalCasting - CentrifugalCasting + + + ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricFluxUnit - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerAmountUnit - LengthPerAmountUnit - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - PressureFractionUnit - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - - - - - - - RedBottomAntiQuark - RedBottomAntiQuark + ElectricResistivityUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - - - - - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + + + + HardeningByForging + HardeningByForging - - + + + + - - T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - + - SexticLengthUnit - SexticLengthUnit + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicNumber + AtomicNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + 10-1.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - + - T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - - - - - - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - MaterialLaw - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MagneticReluctanceUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit - + - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - DensityUnit - DensityUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - - - - - - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Unknown - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - - - - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - PhysicallyNonInteracting - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + + + + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + + DynamicLightScattering + DLS + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - + + + + + + - - T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Magnetization + Magnetization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 + 6-24 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - + + + + Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. + Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. + The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. + The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. + The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential + + NormalPulseVoltammetry + NPV + NormalPulseVoltammetry + voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + + + + + - CatalyticActivityUnit - CatalyticActivityUnit + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + MeanLinearRange + MeanLinearRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 + 10-56 + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 - - + + - WNegativeBoson - WNegativeBoson + GluonType6 + GluonType6 - - - - Gathering - Gathering + + + + + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + ElementaryCharge + ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge + 10-5.1 + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - - - - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. + + + + + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + LarmonAngularFrequency + LarmonAngularFrequency + 10-15.1 + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - BondedAtom - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + + + + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + FibDic + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - - - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. - Command - Command - From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + + + + + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularFrequency + DebyeAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 + 12-10 + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + + + Presses + Presses + + + + + + Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. + The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field + + Dielectrometry + Dielectrometry + electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + IsothermalCompressibility + IsothermalCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 + 5-5.1 + + + + + + + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + ShearStrain + ShearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 + 4-17.3 + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 + + + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + Non la metterei + Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). + FreeForming + FreeForming - - - - - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - MaterialSynthesis - MaterialSynthesis - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + + + + + T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + InverseSquareMassUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit - + @@ -25041,562 +24818,750 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - + - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - CelsiusTemperature - CelsiusTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature - 5-2 - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + CatalyticActivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - GreenTopQuark - GreenTopQuark - - - - - - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - - Dilatometry - https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - + + + - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 - 10-34 - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + Written as pOH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + POH + POH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - - - - ThermomechanicalTreatment - ThermomechanicalTreatment + + + + + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 + 12-29.3 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - - + + + - ThermochemicalTreatment - ThermochemicalTreatment - - - - - - - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. - MassConcentrationOfWater - MassConcentrationOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 - 5-27 - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + Extrusion + Extrusion - + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit - - - - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - CompositePhysicalObject - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + + + + Real part of the impedance. + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 + 6-51.2 + Real part of the impedance. - - - - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + + + + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Strain + Strain + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain + 4-17.1 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - - - - MesoscopicSubstance - MesoscopicSubstance + + + + + RedBottomAntiQuark + RedBottomAntiQuark - - - - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - Enthalpy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy - 5.20-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + + + + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + Hardening + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - - - - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - Profilometry - Profilometry - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthFractionUnit + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. - - - - - DebyeTemperature - DebyeTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 - 12-11 + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasSolution + GasMixture + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + + + + + + + GreenTopAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark + + + + + + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + QuantumData + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - - - - Electroplating - Electroplating + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + AreaPerAmountUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit - - - - BlowMolding - BlowMolding + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidGasSuspension + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water - - - - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - RapidPrototyping - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Volume per amount of substance. + MolarVolume + MolarVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 + 9-5 + Volume per amount of substance. - - - - PhotochemicalProcesses - PhotochemicalProcesses + + + + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + Assignment + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. - - - - DataProcessingApplication - DataProcessingApplication + + + + + The charge of an electron. + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - - - - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - PhysicalPhenomena - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + + + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - DiffusivityUnit - DiffusivityUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit - - - - VaporDeposition - VaporDeposition + + + + + BlueBottomQuark + BlueBottomQuark - - - - GluonType7 - GluonType7 + + + + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - - - + + + - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - LogarithmicDecrement - LogarithmicDecrement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 - 3-25 - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 + 10-64 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - + + + + + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 + 10-34 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AngularFrequencyUnit - AngularFrequencyUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - - - - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - - ACVoltammetry - ACV - ACVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + Plus + Plus - - - - GluonType5 - GluonType5 + + + + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + QueryLanguage + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + SQL, SPARQL + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language - - - - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Modeller - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + HotDipGalvanizing + Hot-dipGalvanizing + HotDipGalvanizing - - + + - Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. - The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - EIS - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + StepChronopotentiometry + StepChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - - - RedTopQuark - RedTopQuark + + + + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - IntermediateSample - IntermediateSample + + + + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + NaturalProcess + NonIntentionalProcess + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - - - + + + - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - LarmonAngularFrequency - LarmonAngularFrequency - 10-15.1 - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + ResidualResistivity + ResidualResistivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 + 12-17 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - - - - - + + - - + + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorisation - Theorization - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + + + + TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit - - - - GluonType2 - GluonType2 + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + MesoscopicModel + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - - - - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - NSE - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + + + CeramicSintering + CeramicSintering - - - - Filling - Filling + + + + + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + RadiantEnergy + RadiantEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 + 10-45 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - - - - Broadcast - Broadcast + + + + + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - - - - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - ManufacturingDevice - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + + + + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + QuantumDecay + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - - - - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + + + + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + CausalExpansion + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - - - - Python - Python + + + + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 + 5-10.2 + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + MassFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit - + + + + + + + + + + + + + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + LatticeVector + LatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 + 12-1.1 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + + + + + + + HardwareModel + HardwareModel + + + + + + electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current + + ICI + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + ICI + electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current + + + - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit - - - + + - StandardChemicalPotential - StandardChemicalPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 - 9-21 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - - + + + + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + CPlusPlus + C++ + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + + + + + + WNegativeBoson + WNegativeBoson + + + + - Cementing - Cementing + PlasticModeling + PlasticModeling + + + + + + ChipboardManufacturing + ChipboardManufacturing + + + + + + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + DebyeAngluarRepetency + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 + 12-9.3 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - + - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - PermittivityUnit - PermittivityUnit + + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit - - - - Ruby - Ruby + + + + + + HardwareManufacturer + HardwareManufacturer - - - - Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + + + + ThermochemicalTreatment + ThermochemicalTreatment - - - - ElectroSinterForging - ElectroSinterForging + + + + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + CharacterisedSample + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - - - - - SerialStep - SerialStep + + + + ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation + 1 + 1 = 2 - - + + + + + + + + + + + - ElectricCurrentPhasor - ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 - 6-49 + Entropy per amount of substance. + MolarEntropy + MolarEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 + 9-8 + Entropy per amount of substance. - + + + + + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + GibbsEnergy + GibbsFreeEnergy + GibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 + 5-20.5 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 + + + - T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - - + + + + PlasticSintering + PlasticSintering + + + + + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - XrdGrazingIncidence - XrdGrazingIncidence + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - + + + + Exponent + Exponent + + + + + + + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + IonizationEnergy + IonizationEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 + 12-24.2 + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 + + + + + + Gathering + Gathering + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperatureTimeUnit - TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - - - - - - MaterialRelationComputation - MaterialRelationComputation + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit @@ -25612,200 +25577,235 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + + MassTemperatureUnit + MassTemperatureUnit - + - T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - LogarithmicUnit - LogarithmicUnit - http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Decibel - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units + ForceAreaUnit + ForceAreaUnit - - - - - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - 5-35 + + + + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + SpecificationLanguage + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language - - + + + + + + - - T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - PowerAreaUnit - PowerAreaUnit + Mass per length. + LinearMassDensity + LinearDensity + LineicMass + LinearMassDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 + 4-6 + Mass per length. - - - - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + GluonType5 + GluonType5 - - + + - Foaming - Foaming - - - - - - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - DynamicLightScattering - DLS - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + DieCasting + DieCasting - + - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + + SquareTemperatureUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit - + + + + Punctuation + Punctuation + + + - T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit - - + + + + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + + + + + - - T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + * - - - - PerLengthTimeUnit - PerLengthTimeUnit + + + Multiplication + Multiplication - + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - VolumePerTemperatureUnit + PowerAreaUnit + PowerAreaUnit - + + + + + ShearOrTorsionTesting + ShearOrTorsionTesting + + + + + + + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + AmountFraction + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + + + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - + + - PowderCoating - PowderCoating + PlasmaCutting + PlasmaCutting - - - - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + + + + Ruby + Ruby - + + + + Galvanizing + Galvanizing + + + + + + FiberboardManufacturing + FiberboardManufacturing + + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaTimeUnit - AreaTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit @@ -25865,22 +25865,14 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. - - - - 1 - - - - 4 - + - 1 + 1 @@ -25888,7 +25880,7 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us - 2 + 4 @@ -25900,7 +25892,7 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us - 1 + 2 @@ -25916,7 +25908,7 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us - 1 + 1 @@ -25924,7 +25916,7 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us - 3 + 1 @@ -25935,73 +25927,13 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Transitivity for parthood. - - - - - - Lifetime - From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. - + + 1 + - - - - Object that is processed with a machine - DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 - + + 3 + @@ -26040,61 +25972,6 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). - - - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - DIN 8587:2003-09 - - - - - - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en - - - - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - - - - - - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - - - - - - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; - - @@ -26111,7 +25988,7 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us - + @@ -26119,15 +25996,36 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us - Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + + + + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + + + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + + - + @@ -26138,59 +26036,86 @@ It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete us - - + - + - Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - + + + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + + + + - mereological - Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + Procedure + From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). - - - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - DIN EN 14943:2006-03 + + + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - Observation - From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + Whole + From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). - - - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + + measurand + VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. - - - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + + + Property + From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). - - - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + + + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + + + + + + Fundamental + From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). @@ -26200,33 +26125,87 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereologyFrom Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - - ManufacturedProduct - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - + - PhysicalObject - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + CausalSystem + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Transitivity for proper parthood. + + - - - Quantum - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + + + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) @@ -26237,39 +26216,28 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - - - CausalPath - From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). + + + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol - - - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 + + + Tool + Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. - + - Particle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - - - - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - - - - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + Artifact + From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. @@ -26277,138 +26245,190 @@ manufacturing: production of components - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - + + + Transitivity for parthood. - - - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - DIN 8593-3:2003-09 + + + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary - - - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DIN 8584-2:2003-09 + + + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + DIN EN 9110:2018-08 - - - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 + + + Estimation + From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). - - - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + DIN 65099-4:1989-11 - + - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + DIN 8586:2003-09 - - - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + + + PhysicalObject + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 - - - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 + + + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal - + - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Language + From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + - - - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - + + + Factory + From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). + + + + - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck - - - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 + + + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + Quantum + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + + + + - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - http://www.linfo.org/program.html + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. + + - + - Manufacturing - From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). + Matter + From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). @@ -26440,302 +26460,270 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - + + + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en + + + + - Device - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". + Holistic + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 + + + Perspective + From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. - - - Role - From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. + + + TangibleProduct + From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - + - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - DIN 8589-3:2003-09 + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + DIN EN 13956:2013-03 - - - measurand - VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. + + + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + DIN 8580:2022-12 - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - DIN 8586:2003-09 + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - - - FundamentalBoson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; - + - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - - - CausalParticle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 - + - isCauseOf - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + EMMO + EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - + + + Engineered + From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). + + + + - Index - From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). + Item + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - + - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + DIN 8583-1:2003-09 - - - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - EN 10028-1:2017-07 + + + Product + From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. - - - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - DIN EN 13956:2013-03 + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) - + - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. - - - + - Assemblying - From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + Symbolic + From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). - - - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + + + Particle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + + + CausalObject + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - Whole - From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + DIN 8587:2003-09 - - - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + + + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + Object that is processed with a machine + DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 - + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - DIN 8584-1:2003-09 + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + DIN EN 13831:2007-12 - - - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + + + CausalStructure + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + + + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + + + + + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 + -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal + + + + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 - + - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - DIN 8588:2013-08 + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + + + CausalParticle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - + - Product - From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + Index + From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). - + - Dedomena - From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + Verfestigen durch Umformen + DIN 8580:2022-12 - - - TangibleProduct - From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. + + + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation - - - Crystal - From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + + + + + + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - DIN 8583-1:2003-09 + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - DIN 8588:2013-08 + + + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + EN 10028-1:2017-07 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). + + + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + EN 16603-11:2019-11 @@ -26745,236 +26733,255 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet ISO 13574:2015-02 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Transitivity for proper parthood. - - - + - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - DIN 8589-2:2003-09 + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + DIN 8583-2:2003-09 - + - Tool - Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + FundamentalBoson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + + + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + DIN EN 14943:2006-03 - + - isPredecessorOf - From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). + CausalPath + From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). - - - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + + + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + DIN 8588:2013-08 - - - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. + + + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - DIN 8586:2003-09 + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - - - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + + + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - + - Estimation - From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). + Cogniser + From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - DIN 8593-0:2003-09 + + + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + http://www.linfo.org/program.html - - - ResemblanceIcon - From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + + + Wholistic + From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - - - Data - From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). + + + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - - - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece + + + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html - + - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - DIN 8583-2:2003-09 + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 - - - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 + + + Assemblying + From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. - + + + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + + + + + + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + + - EMMO - EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. + isCauseOf + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + + + + + + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - - - Symbolic - From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). + + + + + + + + + + + + + All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. - - - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - + - Software - From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. + Variable + Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + + Collection + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - + - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - http://www.linfo.org/program.html + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. + + - + - CausalStructure - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + Data + From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - - - IntentionalProcess - From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") + + + Part + From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. - - - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - + - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention - - - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + + + Boson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. @@ -26986,125 +26993,133 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - - Perspective - From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. + + + CausalChain + From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). - + - Artifact - From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - - - Simulacrum - From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + + Crystal + From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). - + - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + DIN 8593-3:2003-09 - - - CausalChain - From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - - - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + + + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) + + + + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + + + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece - - - - - - - - - - - - - All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. + + + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 - + - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + DIN 8584-1:2003-09 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. - + + + + Equipment + From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + + + + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 + + + + + + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + ISO 14034:2016-11 + + + + + + mereological + Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + - - - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + + + ResemblanceIcon + From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). - - - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - DIN 55405:2014-12 + + + AnalogicalIcon + From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). + + + + + + Lifetime + From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. @@ -27112,7 +27127,7 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - + @@ -27124,250 +27139,213 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - - - + + + - Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. + Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - - - Engineered - From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). + + + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - + - CausalObject - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - - - - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Simulacrum + From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") - + - Language - From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + Observation + From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), - - - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol + + + IntentionalProcess + From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") - - - Machine - From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + + + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - - - Elementary - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - + - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Existent - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + + + Machine + From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. - - - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org + + + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + DIN 8593-0:2003-09 - - - Collection - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + + + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Matter - From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). + + + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + + + Manufacturing + From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). - + - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - - - - - - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 - + - Variable - Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - - - - - - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + Device + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - + - Wholistic - From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. + Elementary + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - + - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology + + + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + http://www.linfo.org/program.html - - - Item - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + + + Dedomena + From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) - + - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - DIN 8589-6:2003-09 - - - - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 - + - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 - - - - - - - - - - - - Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. - - - - - - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - DIN 8580:2022-12 + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DIN 8584-2:2003-09 - - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + - + - FunctionalIcon - From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - + - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + DIN 8589-2:2003-09 - + - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Factory - From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + DIN 55405:2014-12 - + - Fundamental - From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + FunctionalIcon + From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). @@ -27409,94 +27387,127 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or - + - Holistic - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). - - - - - - Part - From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. + Software + From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. - + - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - - - - - - Equipment - From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + DIN 8586:2003-09 - + - Cogniser - From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” + Existent + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - - - Verfestigen durch Umformen - DIN 8580:2022-12 + + + + + + + 2 + + + Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). - - - Boson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - - - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - EN 16603-11:2019-11 + + + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - - - Property - From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + + + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - - - Procedure - From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + + + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + DIN 8588:2013-08 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL + + + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + + + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 - - - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ + + + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology @@ -27507,46 +27518,50 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or - - - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + + + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - - - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + + + isPredecessorOf + From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - ISO 14034:2016-11 + + + Role + From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - - AnalogicalIcon - From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). + + + + + + + + + Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. - - - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - DIN 8589-0:2003-09 + + + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - + - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology @@ -27557,25 +27572,10 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c - - - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 - - - - - - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - DIN 65099-4:1989-11 - - - - + - CausalSystem - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + ManufacturedProduct + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". diff --git a/chameo-inferred.ttl b/chameo-inferred.ttl index 42e1984..cf7870f 100644 --- a/chameo-inferred.ttl +++ b/chameo-inferred.ttl @@ -2904,7 +2904,7 @@ As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a un — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "PhysicalQuantity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model."@en . @@ -3288,7 +3288,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en , """A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit \"1000010\" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter \"B\". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: \"Hello\", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Symbolic"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbolic"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en ; @@ -3405,7 +3405,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_06658d8d_dcde_4fc9_aae1_17f71c0bcdec rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 ] ; rdfs:comment "1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Vector"@en ; skos:altLabel "1DArray"@en , "LinearArray" ; @@ -4046,7 +4046,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_0e0ee94d_70be_4b7e_afcc_320e62a94974 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_0e1f2009_bf12_49d1_99f3_1422e5287d82 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; rdfs:comment "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporalRole"@en ; skos:altLabel "HolisticTemporalPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalRole"@en ; @@ -4494,7 +4494,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_13191289_6c2b_4741_93e1_82d53bd0e703 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606 , ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b ; rdfs:comment "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Participant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Participant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; @@ -5508,7 +5508,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1eb6b28e_f260_4f04_ada1_19c6dcb668d9 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; rdfs:comment "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Variable"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; @@ -5702,7 +5702,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction."@en , """Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy , + rdfs:isDefinedBy , "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986"@en ; rdfs:label "MolecularEntity"@en ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalEntity"@en ; @@ -5841,7 +5841,7 @@ In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by o Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Number"@en ; skos:altLabel "Numeral"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Number"@en ; @@ -6394,7 +6394,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_28fbea28_2204_4613_87ff_6d877b855fcd rdf:type owl:Class ; See Shape4x3Matrix as an example."""@en , "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en , "Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Array"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Array"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en ; @@ -6927,7 +6927,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 ; rdfs:comment "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a" ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SpatioTemporalTile" ; skos:altLabel "WellFormedTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SpatioTemporalTile" ; @@ -7154,7 +7154,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_321af35f_f0cc_4a5c_b4fe_8c2c0303fb0c rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 ; rdfs:comment "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -7518,7 +7518,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 rdf:type owl:Class ; """The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself."""@en , "The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Arrangement"@en ; skos:altLabel "MereologicalState"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Arrangement"@en ; @@ -7654,7 +7654,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 rdf:type owl:Class ; """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "PhysicalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en ; @@ -8333,7 +8333,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_3ef37f82_cd1a_4d49_ace1_83b17487c8e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb ; rdfs:comment "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "MeasuredConstant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "MeasuredConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en . @@ -8587,7 +8587,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 ; rdfs:comment "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en , "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Material"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Material"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; @@ -8779,7 +8779,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce rdf:type owl:Class ; """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Process"@en ; skos:altLabel "Occurrent"@en , "Perdurant"@en ; @@ -9069,7 +9069,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en , "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en , "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Procedure"@en ; skos:altLabel "Elaboration"@en , "Work"@en ; @@ -9320,7 +9320,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en , """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Perspective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; @@ -9590,7 +9590,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4cdec724_8ed2_4e8e_b145_260a828bb1ed rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; rdfs:comment "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Numerical"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Numerical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en . @@ -9930,7 +9930,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_501f9b3a_c469_48f7_9281_2e6a8d805d7a rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporalTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en . @@ -10505,7 +10505,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; rdfs:comment "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en , "A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Mathematical"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Mathematical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en . @@ -10690,7 +10690,7 @@ Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decom ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; rdfs:comment "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined." . @@ -10992,7 +10992,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 rdf:type owl:Class ; It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term \"matter\". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call \"matter\" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Matter"@en ; skos:altLabel "PhysicalSubstance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Matter"@en ; @@ -11655,7 +11655,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_64963ed6_39c9_4258_85e0_6466c4b5420c rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_5848e476_2768_4988_98f9_9053c532307b ) ; rdfs:comment "A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Workflow"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Workflow"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts."@en . @@ -11724,7 +11724,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:comment "A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time."@en , "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "HolisticSystem"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticSystem"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en . @@ -12386,7 +12386,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; owl:disjointWith ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ; rdfs:comment "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; skos:prefLabel "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en . @@ -12636,7 +12636,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_71d1c8f0_c6e3_44b5_a4b6_1b74ff35698a rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_71f6ab56_342c_484b_bbe0_de86b7367cb3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; rdfs:comment "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DerivedQuantity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DerivedQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ; @@ -13121,7 +13121,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_79575941_45dc_4f15_bb59_dc04dff2c92d rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_79751276_b2d0_4e2f_bbd4_99d412f43d55 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; rdfs:comment "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CategorizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants" ; skos:prefLabel "CategorizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; @@ -14502,7 +14502,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ] ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SpatialTiling"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SpatialTiling"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial."@en . @@ -14512,7 +14512,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb ; rdfs:comment "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "ExactConstant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ExactConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en . @@ -14528,7 +14528,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:comment "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en , "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en ; @@ -14633,7 +14633,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 ) ; rdfs:comment "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en . @@ -14745,7 +14745,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8c64fcfa_23aa_45f8_9e58_bdfd065fab8f rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b ; rdfs:comment "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Constant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Constant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en . @@ -15157,7 +15157,7 @@ However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal pa In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental."""@en , "A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Object"@en ; skos:altLabel "Continuant"@en , "Endurant"@en ; @@ -15350,7 +15350,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c ; rdfs:comment "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Sequence"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Sequence"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en . @@ -15924,7 +15924,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ] ; rdfs:comment "A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Tile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Tile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation."@en . @@ -16128,7 +16128,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9c32fd69_f480_4130_83b3_fb25d9face14 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9c407ac0_fd4c_4178_8763_95fad9fe29ec rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; rdfs:comment "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ)." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "StandardizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "StandardizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ)." . @@ -16203,7 +16203,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9d8f708a_f291_4d72_80ec_362c6e6bbca6 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; rdfs:comment "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "NumericalVariable"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NumericalVariable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en . @@ -16465,7 +16465,7 @@ e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. \"Bq\" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of \"B\" and \"q\" symbols when dealing with characters."""@en , "The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Symbol"@en ; skos:altLabel "AlphabeticEntity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbol"@en ; @@ -17220,7 +17220,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_acaaa124_3dde_48b6_86e6_6ec6f364f408 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; rdfs:comment """\"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset\" ISO 80000-1"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "BaseQuantity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "BaseQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """\"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset\" @@ -18184,7 +18184,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b94b3748_71c5_4de9_95e7_42586c3ed607 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_b9522e56_1fac_4766_97e6_428605fabd3e rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; rdfs:comment "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "HolisticArrangement"@en ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticArrangement"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en . @@ -18199,7 +18199,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Physical constants are categorised into \"exact\" and measured constants. With \"exact\" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "PhysicalConstant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """Physical constants are categorised into \"exact\" and measured constants. @@ -18283,7 +18283,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ] ; rdfs:comment "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "IntentionalProcess"@en ; skos:altLabel "Project"@en ; skos:prefLabel "IntentionalProcess"@en ; @@ -18357,7 +18357,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ) ; rdfs:comment "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Substance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Substance"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)." . @@ -18515,7 +18515,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules."""@en , "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DiscreteData"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DiscreteData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; @@ -18845,7 +18845,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da rdf:type owl:Class ; is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en , "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "FractionUnit"@en ; skos:altLabel "RatioUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en ; @@ -19014,7 +19014,7 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en , "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CausalStructure"@en ; skos:altLabel "CausalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CausalStructure"@en ; @@ -19468,7 +19468,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ca54593a_6828_491b_8fda_22b0ad85e446 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "ThroughTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ThroughTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en . @@ -20489,7 +20489,7 @@ Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; rdfs:comment "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Language"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Language"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en . @@ -22101,7 +22101,7 @@ In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher ato We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en , "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Atom"@en ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalElement"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Atom"@en ; @@ -22385,7 +22385,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ed7dd267_e2ee_4565_8117_e5c1eafa3e66 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "EndTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "EndTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e . @@ -23054,7 +23054,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ] ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporalTiling"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalTiling"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal."@en . @@ -23173,7 +23173,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8bd64d5_5d3e_4ad4_a46e_c30714fecb7f rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:onDataRange xsd:integer ] ; rdfs:comment "An integer number."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Integer"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Integer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An integer number."@en . @@ -23197,7 +23197,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8e436fb_61ed_4512_a5a5_bee90f0cec2f rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f93fe78b_9646_4a15_b88b_1c93686a764d rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; rdfs:comment "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Network"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Network"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en . @@ -23305,7 +23305,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "BeginTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "BeginTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b . @@ -23539,7 +23539,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_fc86c700_ccea_441c_b628_ad236f030fe6 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; rdfs:comment "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "NonTemporalRole"@en ; skos:altLabel "HolisticSpatialPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NonTemporalRole"@en ; @@ -26683,7 +26683,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , [ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger @@ -26692,7 +26692,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , [ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger @@ -26716,15 +26716,15 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger - ] . - [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger + ] . + ################################################################# # General axioms ################################################################# diff --git a/chameo.html b/chameo.html index d8419e3..d120072 100644 --- a/chameo.html +++ b/chameo.html @@ -48,6 +48,10 @@

ACVoltammetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + ACV + Preflabel ACVoltammetry @@ -69,17 +73,13 @@

ACVoltammetryvoltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - Altlabel - ACV + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label ACVoltammetry @@ -178,6 +178,10 @@

AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + AdSV + Preflabel AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry @@ -194,10 +198,6 @@

AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetryElucidation Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - - Altlabel - AdSV - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -378,14 +378,14 @@

AnodicStrippingVoltammetryElucidation Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Label AnodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -408,6 +408,14 @@

AtomProbeTomographyAnnotations + + Altlabel + 3D Atom Probe + + + Altlabel + APT + Preflabel AtomProbeTomography @@ -420,14 +428,6 @@

AtomProbeTomographyElucidation Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - - Altlabel - 3D Atom Probe - - - Altlabel - APT - Label AtomProbeTomography @@ -484,6 +484,10 @@

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethodAnnotations + + Altlabel + BET + Preflabel BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod @@ -492,17 +496,13 @@

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethodComment A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - Elucidation A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - Altlabel - BET + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory Wikidatareference @@ -732,6 +732,10 @@

CathodicStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + CSV + Preflabel CathodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -745,17 +749,13 @@

CathodicStrippingVoltammetryStripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - Altlabel - CSV + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label CathodicStrippingVoltammetry @@ -1082,14 +1082,14 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentDefinition Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - - Example - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Vimterm Measuring instrument + + Example + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Label CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -1554,6 +1554,14 @@

CharacterisationTechniqueAnnotations + + Altlabel + Characterisation procedure + + + Altlabel + Characterisation technique + Preflabel CharacterisationTechnique @@ -1578,14 +1586,6 @@

CharacterisationTechniqueElucidation The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - - Altlabel - Characterisation procedure - - - Altlabel - Characterisation technique - Label CharacterisationTechnique @@ -1738,14 +1738,14 @@

ChromatographyComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography - Elucidation In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + Label Chromatography @@ -1768,6 +1768,14 @@

ChronoamperometryAnnotations + + Altlabel + AmperiometricDetection + + + Altlabel + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Preflabel Chronoamperometry @@ -1788,14 +1796,6 @@

ChronoamperometryElucidation amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential - - Altlabel - AmperiometricDetection - - - Altlabel - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -1980,14 +1980,14 @@

ConductometricTitrationElucidation titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + Label ConductometricTitration @@ -2026,25 +2026,25 @@

ConductometryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - Elucidation measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Example Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 Label @@ -2172,26 +2172,26 @@

CoulometryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - Elucidation electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + Label Coulometry @@ -2320,6 +2320,10 @@

CyclicVoltammetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + CV + Preflabel CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2348,29 +2352,25 @@

CyclicVoltammetryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - Elucidation voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate - Altlabel - CV + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - Dbpediareference - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Dbpediareference + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry Label @@ -2924,6 +2924,10 @@

DifferentialPulseVoltammetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + DPV + Preflabel DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -2948,26 +2952,22 @@

DifferentialPulseVoltammetryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - Elucidation voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped - Altlabel - DPV - - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Label DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -3020,6 +3020,10 @@

DifferentialScanningCalorimetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + DSC + Preflabel DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -3036,10 +3040,6 @@

DifferentialScanningCalorimetryElucidation Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - Altlabel - DSC - Label DifferentialScanningCalorimetry @@ -3100,6 +3100,10 @@

DifferentialThermalAnalysisAnnotations + + Altlabel + DTA + Preflabel DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -3116,10 +3120,6 @@

DifferentialThermalAnalysisElucidation Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - Altlabel - DTA - Label DifferentialThermalAnalysis @@ -3314,6 +3314,10 @@

DynamicLightScattering Annotations + + Altlabel + DLS + Preflabel DynamicLightScattering @@ -3330,10 +3334,6 @@

DynamicLightScatteringElucidation Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - - Altlabel - DLS - Label DynamicLightScattering @@ -3394,6 +3394,10 @@

DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + DMA + Preflabel DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -3410,10 +3414,6 @@

DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopyElucidation Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - Altlabel - DMA - Label DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy @@ -3436,6 +3436,10 @@

ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + EIS + Preflabel ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy @@ -3461,17 +3465,13 @@

ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyelectrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - Altlabel - EIS + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy @@ -3590,22 +3590,22 @@

ElectrogravimetryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry - Elucidation method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + Label Electrogravimetry @@ -3628,6 +3628,10 @@

ElectronBackscatterDiffractionAnnotations + + Altlabel + EBSD + Preflabel ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -3644,10 +3648,6 @@

ElectronBackscatterDiffractionElucidation Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - Altlabel - EBSD - Label ElectronBackscatterDiffraction @@ -3750,6 +3750,14 @@

EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + EDS + + + Altlabel + EDX + Preflabel EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy @@ -3762,21 +3770,13 @@

EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - Elucidation An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - Altlabel - EDS - - - Altlabel - EDX + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy Wikidatareference @@ -3918,6 +3918,10 @@

FibDic Annotations + + Altlabel + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + Preflabel FibDic @@ -3934,10 +3938,6 @@

FibDicElucidation The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - Altlabel - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - Label FibDic @@ -3960,6 +3960,10 @@

FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + FE-SEM + Preflabel FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -3976,10 +3980,6 @@

FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopyElucidation Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - Altlabel - FE-SEM - Label FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -4002,6 +4002,10 @@

FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + FTIR + Preflabel FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy @@ -4014,17 +4018,13 @@

FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopyComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - Elucidation A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - Altlabel - FTIR + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy Wikidatareference @@ -4128,6 +4128,10 @@

GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechniqueAnnotations + + Altlabel + GITT + Preflabel GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique @@ -4144,10 +4148,6 @@

GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechniqueElucidation electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - - Altlabel - GITT - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 @@ -4212,6 +4212,10 @@

GasAdsorptionPorosimetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Preflabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -4228,10 +4232,6 @@

GasAdsorptionPorosimetryElucidation Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - Altlabel - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Label GasAdsorptionPorosimetry @@ -4254,6 +4254,14 @@

HPPC Annotations + + Altlabel + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + + + Altlabel + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + Preflabel HPPC @@ -4270,14 +4278,6 @@

HPPCElucidation electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load - - Altlabel - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - - - Altlabel - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - Label HPPC @@ -4500,22 +4500,22 @@

HydrodynamicVoltammetryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - Elucidation voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Label HydrodynamicVoltammetry @@ -4538,6 +4538,10 @@

ICI

Annotations + + Altlabel + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + Preflabel ICI @@ -4554,10 +4558,6 @@

ICI

Elucidation electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current - - Altlabel - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - Label ICI @@ -4722,14 +4722,14 @@

IonChromatographyComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography - Elucidation Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + Label IonChromatography @@ -4752,6 +4752,10 @@

IonMobilitySpectrometry Annotations + + Altlabel + IMS + Preflabel IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -4768,10 +4772,6 @@

IonMobilitySpectrometryElucidation Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - - Altlabel - IMS - Label IonMobilitySpectrometry @@ -4794,6 +4794,10 @@

IsothermalMicrocalorimetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + IMC + Preflabel IsothermalMicrocalorimetry @@ -4810,10 +4814,6 @@

IsothermalMicrocalorimetryElucidation Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C).

IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - Altlabel - IMC - Label IsothermalMicrocalorimetry @@ -5022,6 +5022,18 @@

LinearScanVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + LSV + + + Altlabel + LinearPolarization + + + Altlabel + LinearSweepVoltammetry + Preflabel LinearScanVoltammetry @@ -5046,34 +5058,22 @@

LinearScanVoltammetryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - Elucidation Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. - Altlabel - LSV - - - Altlabel - LinearPolarization + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - Altlabel - LinearSweepVoltammetry + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label LinearScanVoltammetry @@ -5318,14 +5318,14 @@

MechanicalTestingComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - Elucidation Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types:
1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry.
2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + Label MechanicalTesting @@ -5504,6 +5504,10 @@

NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + NSE + Preflabel NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -5520,10 +5524,6 @@

NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyElucidation Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - Altlabel - NSE - Label NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy @@ -5584,6 +5584,10 @@

NormalPulseVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + NPV + Preflabel NormalPulseVoltammetry @@ -5620,10 +5624,6 @@

NormalPulseVoltammetryElucidation voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - - Altlabel - NPV - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -5650,6 +5650,14 @@

NuclearMagneticResonanceAnnotations + + Altlabel + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + + + Altlabel + NMR + Preflabel NuclearMagneticResonance @@ -5666,14 +5674,6 @@

NuclearMagneticResonanceElucidation Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - Altlabel - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - - - Altlabel - NMR - Label NuclearMagneticResonance @@ -5696,6 +5696,10 @@

OpenCircuitHoldAnnotations + + Altlabel + OCVHold + Preflabel OpenCircuitHold @@ -5712,10 +5716,6 @@

OpenCircuitHoldElucidation a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) - - Altlabel - OCVHold - Label OpenCircuitHold @@ -6050,6 +6050,10 @@

PotentiometricStrippingAnalysisAnnotations + + Altlabel + PSA + Preflabel PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis @@ -6082,10 +6086,6 @@

PotentiometricStrippingAnalysisElucidation two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - Altlabel - PSA - Label PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis @@ -6132,10 +6132,6 @@

PotentiometryElucidation Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 @@ -6144,6 +6140,10 @@

PotentiometryIupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + Label Potentiometry @@ -6434,6 +6434,10 @@

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethodAnnotations + + Altlabel + PseudoOCV + Preflabel PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod @@ -6450,10 +6454,6 @@

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethodElucidation a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - Altlabel - PseudoOCV - Label PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod @@ -6682,6 +6682,18 @@

ReferenceSampleAnnotations + + Altlabel + Certified Reference Material + + + Altlabel + Reference material + + + Altlabel + ReferenceSpecimen + Preflabel ReferenceSample @@ -6703,24 +6715,12 @@

ReferenceSampleMaterial, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Altlabel - Certified Reference Material + Definition + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Altlabel - Reference material - - - Altlabel - ReferenceSpecimen - - - Definition - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - - Definition - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Definition + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] Vimterm @@ -6748,6 +6748,10 @@

Sample Annotations + + Altlabel + Specimen + Preflabel Sample @@ -6772,10 +6776,6 @@

SampleElucidation Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - - Altlabel - Specimen - Label Sample @@ -7026,6 +7026,10 @@

SampledDCPolarography Annotations + + Altlabel + TASTPolarography + Preflabel SampledDCPolarography @@ -7046,10 +7050,6 @@

SampledDCPolarographyElucidation DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - - Altlabel - TASTPolarography - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -7122,6 +7122,10 @@

ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + AES + Preflabel ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy @@ -7138,10 +7142,6 @@

ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopyElucidation Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - Altlabel - AES - Label ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy @@ -7164,6 +7164,10 @@

ScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + SEM + Preflabel ScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -7180,10 +7184,6 @@

ScanningElectronMicroscopyElucidation The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - Altlabel - SEM - Label ScanningElectronMicroscopy @@ -7206,6 +7206,10 @@

ScanningKelvinProbeAnnotations + + Altlabel + SKB + Preflabel ScanningKelvinProbe @@ -7222,10 +7226,6 @@

ScanningKelvinProbeElucidation Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - Altlabel - SKB - Label ScanningKelvinProbe @@ -7286,6 +7286,10 @@

ScanningTunnelingMicroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + STM + Preflabel ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy @@ -7302,10 +7306,6 @@

ScanningTunnelingMicroscopyElucidation Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - Altlabel - STM - Label ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy @@ -7358,6 +7358,10 @@

SecondaryDataAnnotations + + Altlabel + Elaborated data + Preflabel SecondaryData @@ -7374,10 +7378,6 @@

SecondaryDataElucidation Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - - Altlabel - Elaborated data - Example Deconvoluted curves @@ -7408,6 +7408,10 @@

SecondaryIonMassSpectrometryAnnotations + + Altlabel + SIMS + Preflabel SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry @@ -7424,10 +7428,6 @@

SecondaryIonMassSpectrometryElucidation Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - Altlabel - SIMS - Label SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry @@ -7610,6 +7610,18 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetry Annotations + + Altlabel + OSWV + + + Altlabel + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + + + Altlabel + SWV + Preflabel SquareWaveVoltammetry @@ -7634,34 +7646,22 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - Elucidation voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - Altlabel - OSWV - - - Altlabel - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - Altlabel - SWV + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label SquareWaveVoltammetry @@ -7754,14 +7754,14 @@

StrippingVoltammetryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - Elucidation two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -7818,6 +7818,10 @@

TensileTestingAnnotations + + Altlabel + TensionTest + Preflabel TensileTesting @@ -7834,10 +7838,6 @@

TensileTestingElucidation Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - Altlabel - TensionTest - Label TensileTesting @@ -7860,6 +7860,10 @@

ThermochemicalTesting Annotations + + Altlabel + TMA + Preflabel ThermochemicalTesting @@ -7876,10 +7880,6 @@

ThermochemicalTestingElucidation Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - Altlabel - TMA - Label ThermochemicalTesting @@ -7902,6 +7902,10 @@

ThermogravimetryAnnotations + + Altlabel + TGA + Preflabel Thermogravimetry @@ -7918,10 +7922,6 @@

ThermogravimetryElucidation Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - Altlabel - TGA - Label Thermogravimetry @@ -7944,6 +7944,10 @@

ThreePointBendingTestingAnnotations + + Altlabel + ThreePointFlexuralTest + Preflabel ThreePointBendingTesting @@ -7956,17 +7960,13 @@

ThreePointBendingTestingComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test - Elucidation Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - Altlabel - ThreePointFlexuralTest + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test Wikidatareference @@ -8028,6 +8028,10 @@

TransmissionElectronMicroscopyAnnotations + + Altlabel + TEM + Preflabel TransmissionElectronMicroscopy @@ -8044,10 +8048,6 @@

TransmissionElectronMicroscopyElucidation Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - Altlabel - TEM - Label TransmissionElectronMicroscopy @@ -8138,6 +8138,10 @@

VaporPressureDepressionOsmometryAnnotations + + Altlabel + VPO + Preflabel VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry @@ -8154,10 +8158,6 @@

VaporPressureDepressionOsmometryElucidation Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - Altlabel - VPO - Label VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry @@ -8180,6 +8180,10 @@

ViscometryAnnotations + + Altlabel + Viscosity + Preflabel Viscometry @@ -8196,10 +8200,6 @@

ViscometryElucidation Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - Altlabel - Viscosity - Label Viscometry @@ -8238,26 +8238,26 @@

VoltammetryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - Elucidation Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + Label Voltammetry @@ -8352,6 +8352,14 @@

XpsVariableKineticAnnotations + + Altlabel + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + + + Altlabel + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + Preflabel XpsVariableKinetic @@ -8364,14 +8372,6 @@

XpsVariableKineticElucidation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - - Altlabel - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - - - Altlabel - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - Label XpsVariableKinetic @@ -8394,6 +8394,10 @@

XrayDiffractionAnnotations + + Altlabel + XRD + Preflabel XrayDiffraction @@ -8406,17 +8410,13 @@

XrayDiffractionComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - Elucidation a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - Altlabel - XRD + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography Wikidatareference @@ -8444,6 +8444,10 @@

XrayPowderDiffraction Annotations + + Altlabel + XRPD + Preflabel XrayPowderDiffraction @@ -8456,17 +8460,13 @@

XrayPowderDiffractionComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - Elucidation a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - Altlabel - XRPD + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction Label @@ -8557,6 +8557,10 @@

hasBeginCharacterisationTaskAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -8565,10 +8569,6 @@

hasBeginCharacterisationTaskComment - - Altlabel - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - Label hasBeginCharacterisationTask @@ -8595,6 +8595,10 @@

hasCharacterisationComponentAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationComponent + Preflabel hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -8603,10 +8607,6 @@

hasCharacterisationComponentComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationComponent - Label hasCharacterisationComponent @@ -8633,6 +8633,10 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -8641,10 +8645,6 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironment @@ -8671,6 +8671,10 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -8679,10 +8683,6 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - Label hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty @@ -8709,6 +8709,10 @@

hasCharacterisationInputAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationInput + Preflabel hasCharacterisationInput @@ -8717,10 +8721,6 @@

hasCharacterisationInputComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationInput - Label hasCharacterisationInput @@ -8747,6 +8747,10 @@

hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + Preflabel hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -8755,10 +8759,6 @@

hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - Label hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -8785,6 +8785,10 @@

hasCharacterisationOutputAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationOutput + Preflabel hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -8793,10 +8797,6 @@

hasCharacterisationOutputComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationOutput - Label hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -8857,6 +8857,10 @@

hasCharacterisationPropertyAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationProperty + Preflabel hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -8865,10 +8869,6 @@

hasCharacterisationPropertyComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationProperty - Label hasCharacterisationProperty @@ -8895,6 +8895,10 @@

hasCharacterisationSoftwareAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationSoftware + Preflabel hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -8903,10 +8907,6 @@

hasCharacterisationSoftwareComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationSoftware - Label hasCharacterisationSoftware @@ -8933,6 +8933,10 @@

hasCharacterisationTask Annotations + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasCharacterisationTask @@ -8941,10 +8945,6 @@

hasCharacterisationTaskComment - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationTask - Label hasCharacterisationTask @@ -9141,6 +9141,10 @@

hasEndCharacterisationTaskAnnotations + + Altlabel + hasEndCharacterizationTask + Preflabel hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -9149,10 +9153,6 @@

hasEndCharacterisationTaskComment - - Altlabel - hasEndCharacterizationTask - Label hasEndCharacterisationTask @@ -10250,6 +10250,10 @@

userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedureAnnotations + + Altlabel + userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure + Preflabel userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure @@ -10262,10 +10266,6 @@

userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedureElucidation Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure - - Altlabel - userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure - Label userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure diff --git a/chameo.owl b/chameo.owl index 6531da1..84a2626 100644 --- a/chameo.owl +++ b/chameo.owl @@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xml:base="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo" xmlns="https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#" - xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" xmlns:emmo="https://w3id.org/emmo#" + xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#" xmlns:term="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:core="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:x_0.1="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" @@ -51,65 +51,114 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png - - - - - - hasSampleInspectionParameter - - hasSampleInspectionParameter + + + + + + hasMetricPrefix + Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. + hasMetricPrefix - + + + + + + isDirectCauseOf + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + isDirectCauseOf + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. + + + + + + + isCauseOf + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + isCauseOf + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. + The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. +While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. + + + + + + + isIndirectCauseOf + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + isIndirectCauseOf + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + + + - - hasInput - The input of a process. - hasInput - The input of a process. - + + + hasParticipant + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. - - - - - - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. +Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + hasParticipant + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - - - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + + + + + + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - - - - - - hasSampleForInspection - - hasSampleForInspection + + + + + hasPart + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + hasPart + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - - - - - - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - hasTemporaryParticipant - The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + + + + + + hasMeasurementUnit + A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit. + hasMeasurementUnit + Length hasUnit only LengthUnit @@ -124,58 +173,82 @@ In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - - hasMeasurementUnit - A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit. - hasMeasurementUnit - Length hasUnit only LengthUnit + + + + + + hasProcessingReproducibility + + hasProcessingReproducibility - - - - - - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + + + + + + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - - - - - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - - - - - hasObjectiveProperty - Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. - hasObjectiveProperty + + + + + + hasSamplePreparationParameter + + hasSamplePreparationParameter - + + + + + hasInput + The input of a process. + hasInput + The input of a process. + + + - - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - alongsideOf - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + hasSpatiialnteractionWith + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. @@ -188,48 +261,13 @@ isSpatiallyRelatedWith - - + - - isIndirectCauseOf - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - isIndirectCauseOf - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - - - - - - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - - - - - - - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - - - - - - - hasPart - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - hasPart - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + + + + hasFractionalMember + hasFractionalMember @@ -241,57 +279,11 @@ hasSubItem - - - - - hasConventionalProperty - An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. - -The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - hasConventionalProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. - - - - - - - - hasTask - hasTask - - - - - - + + - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - - - - - - - hasStatus - hasStatus - - - - - - - - hasHolisticTemporalPart - hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasNonMaximalPart + hasNonMaximalPart @@ -311,144 +303,139 @@ The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual valu isPartOf - - - - - - hasCollaborationWith - hasCollaborationWith - - - - - - - - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - - - - + - - - - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - - - - - - - - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - - - - - - - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + + isPortionPartOf + isPortionPartOf - - - - - - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + + + + + + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. + hasTemporaryParticipant + The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - - + + - - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - - - hasModel - hasModel + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - + + + - - - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. + + + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + alongsideOf + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - - - - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + + + + + + userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure + Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure + userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure + userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure + Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure - - - - - - hasScatteredPortion - hasScatteredPortion + + + + + + hasInteractionWithProbe + + hasInteractionWithProbe - - - - - - hasComponent - hasComponent + + + + + + hasMeasurementTime + + hasMeasurementTime - + + - - - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + + + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). - - - - - - hasHolder - - hasHolder + + + + + + + hasRedundantPart + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + hasRedundantPart + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + + + + + + + + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + + + + + + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + + + + + + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. @@ -467,38 +454,99 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - - hasManufacturedOutput - hasManufacturedOutput + + + + + + + equalsTo + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + equalsTo + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - - - - - hasProductOutput - hasProductOutput + + + + + + hasPostProcessingModel + + hasPostProcessingModel - + + + + + hasObjectiveProperty + Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. + hasObjectiveProperty + + + + + + + + hasTask + hasTask + + + + + + + + hasInstrumentForCalibration + + hasInstrumentForCalibration + + + + + + + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + + + - - - hasMaximalPart - hasMaximalPart + + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + hasSpatialIntegralPart + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - + + + - hasCharacterisationOutput + hasSampledSample - hasCharacterizationOutput - hasCharacterisationOutput + hasSampledSample @@ -513,149 +561,58 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - - - - - - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + + + + + + hasScatteredPortion + hasScatteredPortion - - + + + + + + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + + + - + - - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - A man and the process of building a house. -The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. -The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. -The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. -In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - - - - - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + + + + + + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - - - - mereological - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - mereological - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - - - - - - - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - - - - - - - - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. - - - - - - - - isDirectCauseOf - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - isDirectCauseOf - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. - - - - - - - isCauseOf - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - isCauseOf - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. - The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. -While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. - - - - - - - - hasSubObject - hasSubObject - - - - - - - - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - - - - - - - - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + + + + + + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. @@ -681,20 +638,6 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - - - - hasNonMaximalPart - hasNonMaximalPart - - - - - - isPortionPartOf - isPortionPartOf - - @@ -706,25 +649,80 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - - + + + + + + + hasConnectedPortion + hasConnectedPortion + + + + + + + + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + + + + + + hasBeginTask + hasBeginTask + + + - - - hasCharacterisationProperty + + + requiresLevelOfExpertise - hasCharacterizationProperty - hasCharacterisationProperty + requiresLevelOfExpertise - - - - - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + hasOperator + + hasOperator + + + + + + + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + hasAgent + The relation within a process and an agengt participant. + + + + + + + + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + + + + + + + + hasCollaborationWith + hasCollaborationWith @@ -738,220 +736,178 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - - + - - - hasMeasurementParameter + + hasCharacterisationComponent - hasMeasurementParameter + hasCharacterizationComponent + hasCharacterisationComponent - + + + + + + hasComponent + hasComponent + + + - - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - hasSpatialIntegralPart - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + + + + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - - + - - - hasBeginCharacterisationTask + + + hasHazard - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasBeginTask - hasBeginTask + hasHazard - - - - isOvercrossedBy - isOvercrossedBy - - - - - - - - hasVariable - hasVariable - - - - - - - hasHazard - - hasHazard + + + + + + + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + A man and the process of building a house. +The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. +The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. +The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. +In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - - - - - - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + + + + + + hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalCollection - - - - - hasDataset - - hasDataset + + + + + + hasSubCollection + hasSubCollection - - - - - - - hasRedundantPart - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - hasRedundantPart - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + + + + + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - - - - - - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - - - - - - hasInstrumentForCalibration - - hasInstrumentForCalibration + + + + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - - - - - hasCharacterisationTask - - hasCharacterizationTask - hasCharacterisationTask + + + + + + + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - + - - isGatheredPartOf - isGatheredPartOf + + isOvercrossedBy + isOvercrossedBy - - + - - - hasDataQuality + + hasCharacterisationInput - hasDataQuality + hasCharacterizationInput + hasCharacterisationInput - - + + - - - hasReferenceSample + + + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - hasReferenceSample - - - - - - - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - - - - - - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - - - + + + + - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - hasAgent - The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - - - - - - - - hasParticipant - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. - -Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - hasParticipant - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + hasInteractionVolume + + hasInteractionVolume - - + + - + - hasMeasurementTime + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - hasMeasurementTime + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + + + + + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. @@ -966,129 +922,52 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". - - - - - - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + + + + hasMaximalPart + hasMaximalPart - - - - - - hasSubCollection - hasSubCollection - - - - + + - - hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + + hasCharacterisationTask - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - - - - - - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + hasCharacterizationTask + hasCharacterisationTask - + - - - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - hasSpatiialnteractionWith - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. - - - - - - - - hasCharacterised - hasCharacterised - - - - - - - - hasLevelOfAutomation - - hasLevelOfAutomation - - - - - - - - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - - - - - - - - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - - - - - - hasPostProcessingModel - - hasPostProcessingModel + + + + + + hasStage + hasStage - - - - - hasLab - - hasLab + + + + + + hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasHolisticTemporalPart @@ -1102,51 +981,99 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - - - - - - - notOverlaps - notOverlaps + + + + + + hasStatus + hasStatus - + + - - - hasMeasurementDetector + + + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - hasMeasurementDetector + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - + + + + isGatheredPartOf + isGatheredPartOf + + + + + + + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. + + + + + + + hasConventionalProperty + An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + hasConventionalProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. + + + + + + + + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + + + + - - - hasEndCharacterisationTask + + + hasHardwareSpecification - hasEndCharacterizationTask - hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasHardwareSpecification - - - - hasEndTask - hasEndTask + + + + + + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - - - - - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. + + + + + + hasDataQuality + + hasDataQuality @@ -1159,320 +1086,300 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - - - - - equalsTo - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - equalsTo - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - - - - - - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + + + + + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - - - hasMetricPrefix - Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. - hasMetricPrefix + + + + hasModel + hasModel - + + - - - hasOperator + + + hasSampleForInspection - hasOperator + hasSampleForInspection - - - - - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + + + + + hasMeasurementDetector + + hasMeasurementDetector - - - - - - hasBehaviour - hasBehaviour + + + + + + hasCharacteriser + hasCharacteriser - - + + + + + + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + + + + - + - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasAccessConditions - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasAccessConditions - - + + + + + + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + + + + - - - hasInteractionVolume + + + hasSamplePreparationInstrument - hasInteractionVolume + hasSamplePreparationInstrument - + - - - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. + + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + hasSpatialPartialPart + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. +A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - + + + - - - - - hasConnectedPortion - hasConnectedPortion - - - - - - - - hasDataAcquisitionRate - - hasDataAcquisitionRate + + + notOverlaps + notOverlaps - - - - - - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + + + + mereological + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + mereological + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - - - - - hasFractionalMember - hasFractionalMember + + + + + hasCharacterisationSoftware + + hasCharacterizationSoftware + hasCharacterisationSoftware - - + + - + - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - - - - - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - + + - - hasCharacterisationComponent + + + hasLevelOfAutomation - hasCharacterizationComponent - hasCharacterisationComponent + hasLevelOfAutomation - - + + + + + + hasBehaviour + hasBehaviour + + + + - - - hasMeasurementSample + + + hasSampleInspectionParameter - hasMeasurementSample + hasSampleInspectionParameter - - + + - + - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). - - - - - - - - hasMaximalCollection - hasMaximalCollection + + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - - + + - - - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + hasMeasurementSample - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasMeasurementSample - - + + - + - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasReferenceSample - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasReferenceSample - - - - - - - - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + + + + + + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. - - + + + + + + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + + + + - - - hasSampledSample + + + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - hasSampledSample + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - + + - - - hasCharacteriser - hasCharacteriser + + + hasCharacterised + hasCharacterised - + - - - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + + hasMeasurementParameter - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + hasMeasurementParameter - - - - - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - hasSpatioTemporalPart - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + + + + + + hasConstitutiveProcess + hasConstitutiveProcess - - + + - - - userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure - Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure - userCaseHasCharacterizationProcedure - userCaseHasCharacterisationProcedure - Used to correlate a user case to a characterisation procedure - - - - - - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - hasSpatialPartialPart - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. -A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - - - - - - - - hasFractionalCollection - hasFractionalCollection + + + hasHolder + + hasHolder - - + + - - - hasProcessingReproducibility + + + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - hasProcessingReproducibility + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument @@ -1485,128 +1392,221 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasInteractionWithSample - + + - - - hasMeasurementProbe + + + hasEndCharacterisationTask - hasMeasurementProbe - - - - - - - - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasEndCharacterizationTask + hasEndCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasStage - hasStage + + + + hasEndTask + hasEndTask - + + - + - hasServiceOutput - hasServiceOutput + hasManufacturedOutput + hasManufacturedOutput - - - - - - hasAccessConditions - - hasAccessConditions + + + + + hasProductOutput + hasProductOutput - - - - - - hasHardwareSpecification - - hasHardwareSpecification + + + + + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. - - - - - requiresLevelOfExpertise - - requiresLevelOfExpertise + + + + + + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - + + - - - hasInteractionWithProbe + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument - hasInteractionWithProbe + hasSampleInspectionInstrument - - + + + + + + hasSubObject + hasSubObject + + + + + + + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + + + + hasVariable + hasVariable + + + - - - hasSamplePreparationParameter + + + hasDataset - hasSamplePreparationParameter + hasDataset - - + + - + - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasDataAcquisitionRate - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasDataAcquisitionRate - + + + + + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. + + + - - hasCharacterisationInput + + + hasMeasurementProbe - hasCharacterizationInput - hasCharacterisationInput + hasMeasurementProbe - + + + + + + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + - + + + hasCharacterisationProperty + + hasCharacterizationProperty + hasCharacterisationProperty + + + + + + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. + + + + + + + hasServiceOutput + hasServiceOutput + + + + + - hasCharacterisationSoftware + hasLab - hasCharacterizationSoftware - hasCharacterisationSoftware + hasLab - - - - - - hasConstitutiveProcess - hasConstitutiveProcess + + + + hasCharacterisationOutput + + hasCharacterizationOutput + hasCharacterisationOutput + + + + + + + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + + + hasMaximalCollection + hasMaximalCollection + + + + + + + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. @@ -1618,48 +1618,15 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - - - - - - hasDateOfCalibration - - hasDateOfCalibration - - - - - - - - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - - - - - - - hasDataValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - hasDataValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - - - + - hasUniqueID - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - hasUniqueID - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + hasModel + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + hasModel + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -1674,15 +1641,16 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. - - - - + + + - hasModel - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - hasModel - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + hasDataValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + hasDataValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). @@ -1700,27 +1668,38 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasURIValue - + - - - + + - hasStringValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - hasStringValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - - - + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + + + - hasManufacturer - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - hasManufacturer - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + hasUniqueID + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + hasUniqueID + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + + + + + + hasStringValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. + hasStringValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. @@ -1730,6 +1709,27 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasURLValue + + + + + + hasManufacturer + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + hasManufacturer + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + + + + + hasDateOfCalibration + + hasDateOfCalibration + + @@ -1738,22 +1738,14 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - - - - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - - - - - - metrologicalReference - metrologicalReference + + + + + figure + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + figure + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. @@ -1761,86 +1753,45 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - + - - comment - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - A text that add some information about the entity. - comment - A text that add some information about the entity. - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - + - - elucidation - An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. - elucidation - Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. - An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - - - - - iupacReference - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - iupacReference + + - - - - - - ucumCode - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - https://ucum.org/ - ucumCode - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + + - - - - definition - A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. - definition - Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. - A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. + + - - + + - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - https://www.wikipedia.org/ - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - - - - - + iupacReference + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacReference - + - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + elucidation + An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. + elucidation + Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. + An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. @@ -1850,55 +1801,43 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa ISO9000Reference - - - - - - - - - VIMTerm - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - VIMTerm - quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - - - + + + comment + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. + A text that add some information about the entity. + comment + A text that add some information about the entity. + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - + + + etymology + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + etymology + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - dbpediaReference - URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ - dbpediaReference - URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. + - - + + + + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. @@ -1911,15 +1850,31 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - + + + + + + + + metrologicalReference + metrologicalReference + + + + + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - + - + @@ -1934,68 +1889,118 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) - - - - - - - - conceptualisation - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - conceptualisation - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). + + + + + VIMTerm + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + VIMTerm + quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - + - - - - - - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + + + + conceptualisation + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + conceptualisation + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). - + - + + + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + https://www.wikipedia.org/ + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + + + + - figure - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - figure - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + definition + A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. + Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. + definition + Precise and univocal description of an ontological entity in the framework of an axiomatic system. + A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - - + + + - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - https://www.wikidata.org/ - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + dbpediaReference + URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. + https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ + dbpediaReference + URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - + - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + + + + + + + + ucumCode + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + https://ucum.org/ + ucumCode + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + + + + + + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + + + + + ISO14040Reference + ISO14040Reference + + + + + + + + @@ -2008,49 +2013,48 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - + - - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - - - - - - - - etymology - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - etymology - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. + + + + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + https://www.wikidata.org/ + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + + @@ -2059,44 +2063,145 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - + - - - - - - - - ISO14040Reference - ISO14040Reference + + - - - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 1 + + + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + + + + + + + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + + + - - + - - T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassSquareTimeUnit - MassSquareTimeUnit + + + + Molality + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + AmountPerMass + Molality + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 + 9-15 + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 - + + + + + ISQDerivedQuantity + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQDerivedQuantity + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + + + + + + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + + + + + + + + + + + + + GyromagneticRatio + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + GyromagneticCoefficient + MagnetogyricRatio + GyromagneticRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 + 10-12.1 + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 + + + + + + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + + + + + + + + + T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + SIDimensionalUnit @@ -2141,104 +2246,175 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - + - - - - RelativeHumidity - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. - RelativeHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 - 5-33 - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + + + + + + + + + ExtentOfReaction + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + ExtentOfReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 + 9-31 + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - - - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + + + + Profilometry + + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + Profilometry + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - - - RatioQuantity - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + + + + CharacterisationTechnique + + A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Characterisation procedure + Characterisation technique + CharacterisationTechnique + The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant + + + + + DeepDrawing + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + Tiefziehen + DeepDrawing - - - - - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + + + + + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + DIN 8580:2020 + Umformen + Forming + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - - - - SampleInspection - - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - SampleInspection - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + + + TensileForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + Zugdruckumformen + TensileForming - - - - SampleInspectionParameter - - Parameter used for the sample inspection process - SampleInspectionParameter - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + + + + + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - + + + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + + + + + + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + + + + + Estimated + Estimated + The biography of a person that the author have not met. + + + - + - - ElectricCharge - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - Charge - ElectricCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 - 6-2 - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + Capacitance + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + ElectricCapacitance + Capacitance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance + 6-13 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 + + + + + + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Power + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Power + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power + 4-27 + 6-45 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 @@ -2255,63 +2431,184 @@ Volume Entropy - + - - - ISQDerivedQuantity - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQDerivedQuantity - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + + + + + + + + + Entropy + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy + 5-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - + + + + + + + + + + + + AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + AbsorbedDose + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + 10-81.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + + + + + + + SpecificEnergyImparted + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + SpecificEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 + 10-81.2 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + + + + + + + RelativeVolumeStrain + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + BulkStrain + VolumeStrain + RelativeVolumeStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 + 4-17.4 + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + + + - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - - - - CSharp - C# - CSharp + + + + RatioQuantity + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant - - - - CompiledLanguage - CompiledLanguage + + + + + + + + + + DissociationConstant + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + DissociationConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - + + + + EquilibriumConstant + The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis + EquilibriumConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 + + + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalResistanceUnit - ThermalResistanceUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit - + - - CouplingFactor - InductiveCouplingFactor - CouplingFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 - 6-42.1 + + QualityFactor + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 + 6-53 + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + + + + + + + AngularMeasure + The abstract notion of angle. + AngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 + 3-5 + The abstract notion of angle. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + + + + + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. @@ -2332,70 +2629,122 @@ Entropy https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - + + + + Angle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + PlaneAngle + Angle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + 3-5 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + + + + + + MassDefect + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + MassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 + 10-21.2 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + + + - + - - Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - 3-7 - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mass + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Mass + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass + 4-1 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - - - - - - - - - - - - Sign - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - Sign - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - -Each of them are 'sign'-s. - -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + + + + LinearChronopotentiometry + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + LinearChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + + + + Chronopotentiometry + + The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current + Chronopotentiometry + potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. + + + GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenCharmAntiQuark - - + + - - + + + + + TotalLinearStoppingPower + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + LinearStoppingPower + TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 + 10-54 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 + + + + + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + @@ -2403,425 +2752,413 @@ For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math s - + + + + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. +Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. + The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + + + + + + + + + + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + Project + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + + + + - - - - - + + + + - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. + GasMixture + GasMixture + -On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). + + + + + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. + The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + -The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). + + + + Mathematical + A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + Mathematical + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + + + + Symbol + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + AlphabeticEntity + Symbol + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). + +Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. +(Wikipedia) + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - + + + + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + + + + + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + Equipment + Machine + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + + + - - NonActivePower - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - NonActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 - 6-61 - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + + + PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + PlanckConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - + - + - - - Power - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - Power - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power - 4-27 - 6-45 - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 + + AngularMomentum + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum + 4-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. -Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). -A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - EncodedVariation - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + + + + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + -Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). -Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. -Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. -Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). - A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data + + + + + PartialPressure + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + PartialPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 + 9-19 + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - - - - - - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - - - - - - Spectrometry - - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - Spectrometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + + Pressure + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + Pressure + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure + 4-14.1 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - BlueQuark - BlueQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + MeasurementUnit + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + MeasurementUnit + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + kg +m/s +km + measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." + +"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." + +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. + Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - - - - - - - - - - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 - 10-39 - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + + + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + MeasurementProcedure + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - - - - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + + + Process + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). + +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. + Occurrent + Perdurant + Process + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - - - - - - - - IonicStrength - Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - IonicStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 - 9-42 - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - - - - - - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - - - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - - - - - - ISO80000Categorised - ISO80000Categorised + + + + + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + A student during an examination. - - - - - - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + + + + + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - - - + + + + - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - VolumePerTemperatureUnit + Step + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + Step + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - - - Sample - - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Specimen - Sample - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + + + + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomQuark - BottomQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark - - - - - - - RelativeMassDefect - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 - 10-22.2 - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RedStrangeQuark + RedStrangeQuark - + - - Thickness - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - Thickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 - 3-1.4 - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + Weight + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight + 4-9.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - + - + - - Length - Extend of a spatial dimension. - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length - 3-1.1 - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 + + Force + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + Force + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force + 4-9.1 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - - + + + + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + Werkstücke + DiscreteManufacturing + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + + + + - - + + - - - ElectricFlux - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - ElectricFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 - 6-17 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Manufacturing + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + Manufacturing + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - + - - ElectronRadius - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - ElectronRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 - 10-19.2 - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - - - + RadiusOfCurvature + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + RadiusOfCurvature + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature + 3-1.12 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + + + Radius @@ -2836,18 +3173,89 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius - + + + + Gathering + Gathering + + + + + + + + + + + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + + - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. - + FractionUnit Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this @@ -2859,5349 +3267,2855 @@ is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - - + + - T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - - - - - - - MassFractionOfDryMatter - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 - 5-32 - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + PressureUnit + PressureUnit - + - - - MassFraction - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction - 9-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - - - - - CausalConvexSystem - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - CausalConvexSystem - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + + + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 + 12-29.3 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - + - - - RestMass - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - InvariantMass - ProperMass - RestMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity - 10-2 - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass + + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - + - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - Mass - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - Mass - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass - 4-1 - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - - - - - - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + ReciprocalVolume + ReciprocalVolume - - - ElementaryBoson - ElementaryBoson + + + + 3DPrinting + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + 3DPrinting + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - + - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - base quantity - - - - - - AlgebricExpression - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - 2x+3 + + + PhaseAngle + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + PhaseAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 + 3-7 + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - - - - - - - - - HolisticSystem - A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - HolisticSystem - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + ChargedWeakBoson + IntermediateVectorBoson + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - - - - 1 - - - + + + + - - - 1 + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - QuantityValue - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + + MagneticFluxUnit + MagneticFluxUnit + -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + + + + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + -While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - QuantityValue - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - quantity value - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + + + + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.) + In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - - - - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + ProcessingReproducibility + + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + ProcessingReproducibility + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - + + + + + MobilityRatio + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + MobilityRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 + 12-31 + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + + + - + - - Radioactivity - Decays per unit time. - RadioactiveActivity - Radioactivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 + + MolarEntropy + Entropy per amount of substance. + MolarEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 + 9-8 + Entropy per amount of substance. - + - - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + + + MolarInternalEnergy + Internal energy per amount of substance. + MolarInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 + 9-6.1 + Internal energy per amount of substance. - - + + + + + + + + + + MolarEnergy + Energy per amount of substance. + MolarEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 + Energy per amount of substance. + + + + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumeUnit - VolumeUnit + EnergyAreaUnit + EnergyAreaUnit - - + + - T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + LorenzNumberUnit + LorenzNumberUnit - + - + - - ElectricDipoleMoment - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - ElectricDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - 6-6 - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + + ModulusOfCompression + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + BulkModulus + ModulusOfCompression + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 + 4-19.3 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - - - - ProductionEngineering - ProductionEngineering + + + Quantum + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + Quantum + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. +However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - - - - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + + + + StepChronopotentiometry + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + StepChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik + + + + C + C - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrangeQuark - StrangeQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark + + + + CompiledLanguage + CompiledLanguage - + - + - - - TotalMassStoppingPower - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - MassStoppingPower - TotalMassStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 - 10-55 - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + + Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + 3-7 + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - + - + + - - + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MagneticFlux - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - MagneticFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - 6-22.1 - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 + + PerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit - + - - - RelativeVolumeStrain - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - BulkStrain - VolumeStrain - RelativeVolumeStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 - 4-17.4 - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + + + DebyeAngularFrequency + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 + 12-10 + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - + - - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - - - - - - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + + AngularFrequency + Rate of change of the phase angle. + AngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency + 3-18 + Rate of change of the phase angle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - - - - - MaterialSynthesis - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - MaterialSynthesis - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SamplePreparation + + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + SamplePreparation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - - - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - ContinuumManufacturing - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + + + + SamplePreparationParameter + + Parameter used for the sample preparation process + SamplePreparationParameter + Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - ThermalInsulance - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - CoefficientOfThermalInsulance - ThermalInsulance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 - 5-11 - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - - - - - - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - SpeedUnit - SpeedUnit + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - + - + - ElectronDensity - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - ElectronDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 - 12-29.1 - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - - - - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + RichardsonConstant + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + RichardsonConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 + 12-26 + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - + - - Chronoamperometry + + Synchrotron - If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential - AmperiometricDetection - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Chronoamperometry - amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Synchrotron - + - - Amperometry + + ScatteringAndDiffraction - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). - In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. - The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - Amperometry - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - CSS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language - - - - - - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - - - - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson + ScatteringAndDiffraction - + - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - - - - - - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). - -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + AmountPerMassUnit + AmountPerMassUnit - - + + - - + + + 2 - - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - - - - - - + + + 1 - - - MassFlow - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - MassFlow - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 - 4-30.1 - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - - - - Electroplating - Electroplating + + + + + + + T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PowerAreaUnit + PowerAreaUnit - - - - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - DIN 8580:2020 - Beschichten - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + + XrayDiffraction + + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + XRD + XrayDiffraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - - + + - - + + - - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - 2DArray - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - - - - Array - Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. - -See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. - Array - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, -a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, -an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, -and so forth... + + + + + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - + - - + - - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - AreaTimeUnit - AreaTimeUnit + + + MagneticTension + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + MagneticTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 + 6-37.2 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - - - + - - MagneticSusceptibility - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - MagneticSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 - 6-28 - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + + PhaseDifference + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + DisplacementAngle + PhaseDifference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 + 6-48 + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - - - - - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - AreicHeatFlowRate - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 - 5-8 - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 - + + + + LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - - - - - - - - - - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + LogarithmicUnit + http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Decibel + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. + +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units - - - - - PowerFactor - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - PowerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 - 6-58 - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + + DimensionlessUnit + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + DimensionlessUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples - + - - FreeForming - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - Non la metterei - Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). - FreeForming + + Calendering + Calendering - + - - CompressiveForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - lasciano tensioni residue di compressione - Druckumformen - CompressiveForming + + FormingFromPlastic + FormingFromPlastic - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + + + + + Hazard + + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - MassTemperatureUnit - MassTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - - - - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - .ini files - Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - + + + + + + + + + + Existent + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - - - - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - - - - - Rotation - Rotation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 - 3-16 - +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - - - CrystallineMaterial - Suggestion of Rickard Armiento - CrystallineMaterial - +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. - - - - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. - - - - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. + true + Existent + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - - - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. - + - - Width - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. - Breadth - Width - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 - 3-1.2 - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + + + HalfValueThickness + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + HalfValueThickness + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 + 10-53 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - + - + + Thickness + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + Thickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 + 3-1.4 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + + + - - - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + - PressurePerTimeUnit - PressurePerTimeUnit - + SemioticObject + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - A electron binded by a nucleus. +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + Object + SemioticObject + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - + - + - - ParticleNumberDensity - Mean number of particles per volume. - ParticleNumberDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 - 10-62.1 - Mean number of particles per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 + + + SpecificEnergy + Energy per unit mass + SpecificEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy + 5-21.1 + Energy per unit mass + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy - + - - - - - - - - - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 - 10-52 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential - - - - ElectrochemicalTesting - - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + + + + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - + + - - + + - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon - - - - Numeral - Numeral + + + + + + + + + + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - + - - Symbol - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - AlphabeticEntity - Symbol - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + FrequencyUnit + FrequencyUnit + -Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. -(Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + + + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - - - - - AbsoluteActivity - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - AbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 - 9-18 - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 - - - - - - - - - - - - - GasMixture - GasMixture - - - - - - ConventionalProperty - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - ConventionalProperty - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. - -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - - - - - - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - PhysicalProperty - QuantitativeProperty - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - - - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - - - - - - OpenCircuitHold - - a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) - OCVHold - OpenCircuitHold - a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - - - Potentiometry - - For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode. - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. - Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. - Potentiometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 - Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + ActiveEnergy + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + ActiveEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 + 6-62 + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - + - + - - KinematicViscosity - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - KinematicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 - 4-25 - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 + + + Energy + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy + 5-20-1 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - + - + - - - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 - 10-4.3 - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + + + Permeance + Inverse of the reluctance. + Permeance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 + 6-40 + Inverse of the reluctance. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - - - - - - C - C - - - - - - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 + 10-34 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - + - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + IonMobilitySpectrometry - DifferentialRefractiveIndex + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + IMS + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - + - OpticalTesting + Spectrometry - OpticalTesting - - - - - - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + Spectrometry + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - - - URI - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - URI - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + + + + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + x +k - - - - ShearCutting - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - Scherschneiden - ShearCutting + + + + + MechanicalEfficiency + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + MechanicalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 + 4-29 + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - + - - Cutting - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - Schneiden - Cutting + + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + IndustrialPlant + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - - - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + + + + + + + + + HolisticSystem + A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + HolisticSystem + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - + - - + - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MagneticPotentialUnit - MagneticPotentialUnit + + + + MassieuFunction + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + MassieuFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 + 5-22 + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - + + + + JoinManufacturing + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + DIN 8580:2020 + Fügen + JoinManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + + + + + + MergingManufacturing + AddingManufacturing + MergingManufacturing + + + + - - + + - - - Equation - An equation with variables can always be represented as: + + + MagnetomotiveForce + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + MagnetomotiveForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 + 6-37.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) + + + + FlexuralForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + Biegeumformen + FlexuralForming + -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - Equation - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y + + + MesoscopicSubstance + MesoscopicSubstance - - - - Mathematical - A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - Mathematical - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson - + - - - - RollingResistance - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - RollingDrag - RollingFrictionForce - RollingResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 - 4-9.5 - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + + + MigrationArea + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + MigrationArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 + 10-72.3 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - + - + - Force - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - Force - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force - 4-9.1 - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 + + Area + Extent of a surface. + Area + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area + 3-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - + - - - RollingResistanceFactor - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - RollingResistanceFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 - 4-23.3 - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + + + MolarMass + Mass per amount of substance. + MolarMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 + 9-4 + Mass per amount of substance. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). - Someone who assigns a name to an object. - - - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTemperatureUnit - SquareTemperatureUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - - - - XrayDiffraction - - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - XRD - XrayDiffraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + + + + + + + + + + + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - - - - ScatteringAndDiffraction - - ScatteringAndDiffraction + + + + + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + OsmoticFactorOfSolvent + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 + 9-27.2 + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountUnit - AmountUnit + + + DerivedUnit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + DerivedUnit + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + derived unit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ArithmeticExpression - ArithmeticExpression - 2+2 + + + + + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Manufacturing - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - Manufacturing - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren + + + + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - - - - - - - - - AlgebricEquation - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - 2 * a - b = c + + + + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Code + SoftwareCode + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. - + + + RedDownAntiQuark + RedDownAntiQuark + + + - - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - Real part of the impedance. - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 - 6-51.2 - Real part of the impedance. + + + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 + 10-32 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - + - + - ElectricResistance - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - Resistance - ElectricResistance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 - 6-46 - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 + MagneticDipoleMoment + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + W = g μ M B + +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + MagneticDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + 10-9.1 + 6-30 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - - + + - - + + - Whole - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - Whole - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 + 10-38.1 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GreenQuark - GreenQuark - + + + + BondedAtom + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - - - - Parameter - A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + BondedAtom + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - - - BlueTopAntiQuark - BlueTopAntiQuark - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - - - - - Moulding - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - Gesenkformen - Moulding - +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - - - - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - da una forma non propria ad una forma propria - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - Powder: -particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - - - - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - Unix shell. -Batch programming languages. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + ChemicalElement + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - - - - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - - - - Microscopy - - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - - - - - MeanFreePath - The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - MeanFreePath - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 - 9-38 - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - + - - PathLength - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - ArcLength - PathLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length - 3-1.7 - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length + + SourceVoltage + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SourceTension + SourceVoltage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 + 6-36 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + + + Voltage + Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. + The difference in electric potential between two points. + ElectricPotentialDifference + ElectricTension + Voltage + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage + 6-11.3 + The difference in electric potential between two points. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 - - + + - - + + - - - TotalLinearStoppingPower - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - LinearStoppingPower - TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 - 10-54 - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cognition + IconSemiosis + Cognition - + - - UnitOne - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + ReferenceMaterial + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + --- SI Brochure - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - Unitless - UnitOne - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + + + + HotDipGalvanizing + Hot-dipGalvanizing + HotDipGalvanizing + --- SI Brochure - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + DIN 8580:2020 + Beschichten + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - - - DimensionlessUnit - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - DimensionlessUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - Refractive index -Plane angle -Number of apples + + + + Chromatography + + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography - - - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + + + + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - - - - - PartialPressure - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - PartialPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 - 9-19 - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - + + + FunctionalIcon + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. + FunctionalIcon + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). + A guinea pig. + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + + + - + - - Pressure - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - Pressure - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure - 4-14.1 - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - - - - - Angle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - PlaneAngle - Angle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - 3-5 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 + 10-18 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. -This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. - The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. - MereologicalState - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. - -If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + + + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + .ini files + Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - - - - - CurieTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - CurieTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 - 12-35.1 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + + + + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - + - - CriticalTemperature - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - CriticalTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + + Tortuosity + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + Tortuosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - - - - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + + + + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - - - - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - - - - Exafs - - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. -When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + + + + + RelativeMassExcess + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 + 10-22.1 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - - Spectroscopy - - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + + + MetrologicalUncertainty + In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. + MetrologicalUncertainty + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + - Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - + + + + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + PhysicalProperty + QuantitativeProperty + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + + + - - + - - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + + + PoyntingVector + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + PoyntingVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 + 6-34 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuark - UpAntiQuark + + + + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. - - - - - - - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 - 12-36.1 + + + + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - + + + + + ConstitutiveProcess + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + ConstitutiveProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + Blood circulation in a human body. + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + + + + + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + HolisticSpatialPart + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + - + - - MagneticFluxDensity - Often denoted B. - Strength of the magnetic field. - MagneticInduction - MagneticFluxDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 - 6-21 - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 + + CelsiusTemperature + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + CelsiusTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature + 5-2 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 - - - - - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 - 12-36.3 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + + + + FormingFromChip + FormingFromChip - - - - - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 - 12-36.2 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + + + + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + da una forma non propria ad una forma propria + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + Powder: +particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Matter - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - PhysicalSubstance - Matter - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + WellFormedTessellation + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - - - - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - DTA - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SpatioTemporalTile + https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a + WellFormedTile + SpatioTemporalTile - - - - ThermochemicalTesting - - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - TMA - ThermochemicalTesting - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassAreaUnit + MassAreaUnit - - - - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. + + + + + Rotation + Rotation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 + 3-16 - + - - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - - - - Person - Person + + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering + Sintern + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - - + + - - + + - - - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - - - - - - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - + - - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - - - - CyclicChronopotentiometry - - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - CyclicChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + Measurand + Quantity + https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance + measurand + quantity + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - - - Chronopotentiometry - - The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current - Chronopotentiometry - potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + wärmebehandeln + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - + - - - NuclearRadius - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - NuclearRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 - 10-19.1 - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + + + MeanFreePath + The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + MeanFreePath + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 + 9-38 + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 - + - - - ComptonWavelength - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - ComptonWavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 - 10-20 - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + + PathLength + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + ArcLength + PathLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length + 3-1.7 + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length - + - - Wavelength - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - Wavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength - 3-19 - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 + + + NeutronNumber + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + NeutronNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 + 10-1.2 + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 - - - - SamplePreparationParameter - - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - SamplePreparationParameter - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + + + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. + +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. + +There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - - - - LinearChronopotentiometry - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - LinearChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + + + + DebyeTemperature + DebyeTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 + 12-11 - + - + + + + + + + - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + ThermodynamicTemperature + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + ThermodynamicTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature + 5-1 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - + - - - MassConcentration - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + + + GibbsEnergy + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + GibbsFreeEnergy + GibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 + 5-20.5 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - + - - - - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + + Width + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. + Breadth + Width + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 + 3-1.2 + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - + - - - PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - PlanckConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + + + + + + + + + Length + Extend of a spatial dimension. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length + 3-1.1 + Extend of a spatial dimension. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - + - + - - AngularMomentum - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum - 4-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + + PressureCoefficient + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + PressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 + 5-4 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - - - - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + + + + PlasticModeling + PlasticModeling - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - PerAmountUnit - PerAmountUnit - - - - - - Viscometry - - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - Viscosity - Viscometry - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - - + - - CharacterisationTechnique + + Probe - A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - Characterisation procedure - Characterisation technique - CharacterisationTechnique - The description of the overall characterisation method. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation method is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + Probe + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. + In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. + In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) + In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). + In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry - - + + - - + + - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - - - - - - - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrödinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + DecayConstant + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + DisintegrationConstant + DecayConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 + 10-24 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - - - + + + + - - + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + + EntropyUnit + EntropyUnit - - - - - - HeatFlowRate - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - HeatFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 - 5-7 - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - - - - JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. + +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - - + + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - ForceUnit - ForceUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - + + + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + - - Fractography + + Sample - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Specimen + Sample + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - + + + + + + + + - - MolarGibbsEnergy - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - MolarGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 - 9-6.4 - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + + + + + ParticleConcentration + ParticleConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 + 9-9.1 - + + + + Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + Concentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 + + + - + - MolarEnergy - Energy per amount of substance. - MolarEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 - Energy per amount of substance. + + + MolecularConcentration + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + MolecularConcentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 + 9-9.2 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - + - - - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 - 6-38 - - - - - - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. - -This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. - -There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, -i, -π, -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - - - - - WPositiveBoson - WPositiveBoson + + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. - + - + - - - ElectricCurrent - A flow of electric charge. - ElectricCurrent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent - 6-1 - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 + + + ParticleNumberDensity + Mean number of particles per volume. + ParticleNumberDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 + 10-62.1 + Mean number of particles per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - + - - - - - - - - SolubilityProduct - For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - SolubilityProductConstant - SolubilityProduct - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 + + + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 + 5-17.1 + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - - - - - EquilibriumConstant - The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis - EquilibriumConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 + + + + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + QuenchingAndTempering + Vergüten + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - - - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + + + + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + AdSV + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Temperature -Density -Pressure -ChemicalPotential + + + + StrippingVoltammetry + + Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. + Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. + Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. + Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. + Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + StrippingVoltammetry + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - DebyeAngularFrequency - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 - 12-10 - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - - - AngularFrequency - Rate of change of the phase angle. - AngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency - 3-18 - Rate of change of the phase angle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeBoson + CompositeBoson + Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state. - - + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureUnit - PerTemperatureUnit + AreaDensityUnit + AreaDensityUnit - - - - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + + + + Holder + + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - - - - - - - - + + - + - + - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + PhysicalParticle + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + Particle + PhysicalParticle + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - - - - - + + + + + + - + + + + + + + - - - - - - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - Job - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - - - - - - - - ThermalDiffusionFactor - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 - 9-40.2 - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - - - - - - - ThermalDiffusionRatio - ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 - 9-40.1 - - - - - - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - Computer - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThermodynamicTemperature - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - ThermodynamicTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature - 5-1 - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - - - - - - OsmoticPressure - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - OsmoticPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 - 9-28 - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 - - - - - - - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PowerDensityUnit - PowerDensityUnit - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - VolumePerTimeUnit - VolumePerTimeUnit - - - - - - ThermomechanicalTreatment - ThermomechanicalTreatment - - - - - - - MaterialTreatment - esce workpiece - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - DIN 8580:2020 - Stoffeigenschaft ändern - WorkPieceTreatment - MaterialTreatment - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Energy - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy - 5-20-1 - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + + + + DownQuark + DownQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - + - - IntermediateSample + + CharacterisationProcedure - IntermediateSample - - - - - - Nailing - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - Nageln - Nailing - - - - - - Pressing - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - Anpressen - Pressing - - - - - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PerVolumeUnit - PerVolumeUnit + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + CharacterisationProcedure + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - - + + - - + + - - - DissociationConstant - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - DissociationConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - - - - - - - ConstitutiveProcess - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - ConstitutiveProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - Blood circulation in a human body. - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - - - - - Process - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). - -For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. - Occurrent - Perdurant - Process - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - HolisticSpatialPart - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationTask - - CharacterisationTask - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - - - - - - - MigrationArea - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - MigrationArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 - 10-72.3 - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Area - Extent of a surface. - Area - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area - 3-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - - - - - - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. - It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid - Object that is processed with a machine - Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - They are not powders or threads - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - fili e polveri non sono compresi - it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. - it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape - powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them - Werkstück - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - - - - - - Sawing - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - Sägen - Sawing - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - - - - - - PeriodDuration - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - Period - PeriodDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 - 3-14 - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 - - - - - - Duration - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - Duration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 - 3-9 - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - - - - - - - - - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PermittivityUnit - PermittivityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - - - - - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - - - - - Osmometry - - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - - - - - - - - - - - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - Project - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - - - - - - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - ProductionEngineeringProcess - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - - - - - - - DonorDensity - Number of donor levels per volume. - DonorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 - 12-29.4 - Number of donor levels per volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - ReciprocalVolume - ReciprocalVolume - - - - - - - MassDefect - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - MassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 - 10-21.2 - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - - - - - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountConcentrationUnit - AmountConcentrationUnit - - - - - - - BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Entropy - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy - 5-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - - - - - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - Modelling - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. - - - - - - - PropagationCoefficient - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - PropagationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 - 3-26.3 - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - - - - - - - - - - - - ReciprocalLength - The inverse of length. - InverseLength - ReciprocalLength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 2 - - - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - - - - - - GravitySintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - Loose-powderSintering - PressurelessSintering - GravitySintering - - - - - - - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - - - - - - ParallelWorkflow - ParallelWorkflow - - - - - - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SpatioTemporalTile - https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a - WellFormedTile - SpatioTemporalTile - - - - - - - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 - 10-64 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - - - - - - - - - - - - - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - - - - - - PoissonNumber - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - PoissonsRatio - PoissonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 - 4-18 - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - - - - - - CharacterisationProcedure - - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - CharacterisationProcedure - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - LengthUnit - LengthUnit - - - - - - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze - Tieftemperaturbehandeln - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - - - - - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - wärmebehandeln - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - - - - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - Demontage - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - - - - - - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - DIN 8580:2020 - Trennen - CuttingManufacturing - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - Integer - An integer number. - Integer - An integer number. - - - - - - - Number - A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - A numerical data value. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. -More than one numeral stands for the same number. -In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Numeral - Number - A numerical data value. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - Model - Simulacrum - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - - - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering - Sintern - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Measuring instrument - - - - - - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - BinaryData - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - - - - - DiscreteData - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - DiscreteData - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - - - - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - ElementaryCharge - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - ElementaryCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge - 10-5.1 - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cognition - IconSemiosis - Cognition - - - - - - - - - T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - - - - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - State - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - - - - - - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, - - - - - - - MolecularPartitionFunction - Partition function of a molecule. - MolecularPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 - 9-35.4 - Partition function of a molecule. - - - - - - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - - - - - - - - - - - - - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 - 10-41 - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - - - - - - - ElectronAffinity - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - ElectronAffinity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 - 12-25 - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - - - - - - StrippingVoltammetry - - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. - Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. - Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. - Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. - Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - StrippingVoltammetry - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Voltammetry - - The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - Voltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - - - - - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PressureUnit - PressureUnit - - - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreicSpeedUnit - AreicSpeedUnit - - - - - - - - - T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. -ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - -Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. - -For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. - -However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. - -For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. - -As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, -— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and -— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. -ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MeasurementUnit - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - MeasurementUnit - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - kg -m/s -km - measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." - -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. - Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - - - - - - - ReactorTimeConstant - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - ReactorTimeConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 - 10-79 - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - - - - - - - - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - - - - - - - GibbsEnergy - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - GibbsFreeEnergy - GibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 - 5-20.5 - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - - - - - - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - - - - - ContinuumSubstance - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - ContinuumSubstance - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). - -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Measurement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measurement - A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - Measurement - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - measurement - - - - - - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - - - - - - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - - - - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - - Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. - The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. - The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped - DPV - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - SizeDefinedMaterial - SizeDefinedMaterial - - - - - - - Material - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - - - - - DropForging - DropForging - - - - - - - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - DIN 8580:2020 - Umformen - Forming - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - - - - - - - - - - - - - EnergyFluenceRate - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - EnergyFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 - 10-47 - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - - - - - - - StaticFrictionCoefficient - CoefficientOfStaticFriction - StaticFrictionFactor - StaticFrictionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 - 4-23.1 - - - - - - - CoefficientOfFriction - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - FrictionCoefficient - FrictionFactor - CoefficientOfFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - - - - - - Spacing - Spacing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricConductivity - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - Conductivity - ElectricConductivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 - 6-43 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Declaration - ConventionalSemiosis - Declaration - - - - - - OpticalMicroscopy - - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light - - - - - - SystemUnit - SystemUnit - - - - - - - - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - - - - - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - - - - - - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. - -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. - -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - - - - - Estimated - Estimated - The biography of a person that the author have not met. - - - - - - - - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - - - - - Observed - Observed - The biography of a person met by the author. - - - - - - ScanningKelvinProbe - - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - SKB - ScanningKelvinProbe - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - - - - - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - - - - - - MechanicalTesting - - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: -1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. -2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - - - - - - - - - - - - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - LinearArray - 1DArray - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 - 4-21.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 - 4-21.1 - - - - - - - - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - CapacitanceUnit - CapacitanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fugacity - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - Fugacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 - 9-20 - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - - - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - - - - - - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - App - Application - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - - - - - - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - - - - - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - - - - - - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - GenerativeManufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Characterisation - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - - - - - - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThermalConductivity - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. - ThermalConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity - 5-9 - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricConductance - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - Conductance - ElectricConductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 - 6-47 - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - - - - - - 3DPrinting - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - 3DPrinting - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - - - - - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. - - - - - - - - - - - - MagneticMoment - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - MagneticAreaMoment - MagneticMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 - 6-23 - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - - - - - - SparkErosion - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - elektrochemisches Abtragen - SparkErosion - - - - - - Ablation - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - Abtragen - Ablation + + CharacterisationEnvironment + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + CharacterisationEnvironment + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - + + - - - - - - + + - - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - - - - - - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - - - - - MobilityRatio - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - MobilityRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 - 12-31 - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + + Minus + Minus - - - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A biography. - A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + + ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator - + - - TransferMolding - TransferMolding + + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - + - - FormingFromPlastic - FormingFromPlastic - - - - - - - HalfLife - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - HalfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 - 10-31 - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - + - - - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 - 10-49 - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + + + + + + + + + EquilibriumPositionVector + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + EquilibriumPositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 + 12-7.2 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - + - - - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - NuclearGFactor - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 - 10-14.2 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AbsorbedDoseUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit - + - - - GFactor - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - GFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - - - - - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - - - - - - - - - - + + - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Signal - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + + + Action + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Action + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 + 4-32 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - - - - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + + + + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. +This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. + The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. + MereologicalState + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + +If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon + + + + ModulusOfImpedance + ModulusOfImpedance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 + 6-51.4 - - + + - - + + - - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - - - - - RedBottomQuark - RedBottomQuark + + + ElectricResistance + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + Resistance + ElectricResistance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 + 6-46 + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - - - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - - - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + + + + + + + + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + 2DArray + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - - - WNegativeBoson - WNegativeBoson - + + + + Array + Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. - - - - - Service - IntangibleProduct - Service - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. + Array + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth... - - - + + + - - + + - Product - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - Output - Product - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + DiscreteData + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + DiscreteData + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - CausalChain - Elementary - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. - hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + + MomentumUnit + MomentumUnit - + - - - - - - - - - - MolecularConcentration - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - MolecularConcentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 - 9-9.2 - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + + + QualityFactor + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 + 10-82 + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - + + + + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m + + + - - Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - Concentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 + + PotentialEnergy + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + PotentialEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy + 4-28.1 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 - - - - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + + + + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - - - - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + + + + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - - - - Wavenumber - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - 3-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. @@ -8220,602 +6134,665 @@ It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentio Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - + + + + + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + NuclearGFactor + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 + 10-14.2 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + + + + + GFactor + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + GFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + + + - - - - - - - - - PhysicsOfInteraction + + CreepTesting - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - - + + + + MechanicalTesting + + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: +1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. +2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: +1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry. +2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + + + + - - + + - - - MeanMassRange - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - MeanMassRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 - 10-57 - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Measurement - - - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + + MeasurementTime + + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data - + + + + DataNormalisation + + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + + + + + + GammaSpectrometry + + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] + +Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. + +A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] + +Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. + +A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AmountPerMassUnit - AmountPerMassUnit - - - - - - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - x -k + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - - - - - - - - + + - - - 1 + + + + + + - - - - - - - - Real - A real number. - Real - A real number. + + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - + + + GluonType7 + GluonType7 + + + - + + - - MolarEntropy - Entropy per amount of substance. - MolarEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 - 9-8 - Entropy per amount of substance. - - - - - MesoscopicSubstance - MesoscopicSubstance - - - - - - GrowingCrystal - GrowingCrystal - - - - - - FormingFromLiquid - FormingFromLiquid + + ElectricPotential + The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + ElectroStaticPotential + ElectricPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential + 6-11.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - + + - T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - MechanicalMobilityUnit - MechanicalMobilityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - Existent - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. - -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. - -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. - -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - true - Existent - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - - - - - - MeasuringInstrument - A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - MeasuringInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - measuring instrument + MagneticReluctanceUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit - - + + - - + + - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - EMMO - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - EMMO - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + + Boolean + A boolean number. + Boolean + A boolean number. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Component - A constituent of a system. - Component - A constituent of a system. + + + + + Number + A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A numerical data value. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. + Numeral + Number + A numerical data value. + + + + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivity + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 + 9-23 + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - - - - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - A matematician that calculates 2+2. -A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + + + AbsoluteActivity + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + AbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 + 9-18 + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 - + - - - - - T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SquarePressureTimeUnit - SquarePressureTimeUnit + + + MaximumEfficiency + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + CarnotEfficiency + MaximumEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 + 5-25.2 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiLepton - AntiLepton + + + + Detector + + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM + Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing - + - - LightScattering + + Potentiometry - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equi- librium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the con- centrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selec- tive electrode. + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. + Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. + Potentiometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - LeakageFactor - One minus the square of the coupling factor - LeakageFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 - 6-42.2 - One minus the square of the coupling factor + + + + ElectrochemicalTesting + + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - - - + + + + - - + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - ChemicalAffinity - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 - 9-30 - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - - - - - - Widening - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - Weiten - Widening + + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - SamplePreparation - - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - SamplePreparation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - - - - - Holder - - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + + + MagneticReluctance + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + Reluctance + MagneticReluctance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 + 6-39 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - - - AntiTau - AntiTau + + + + + LarmonAngularFrequency + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + LarmonAngularFrequency + 10-15.1 + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - + - - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 - 12-29.3 - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + + LondonPenetrationDepth + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + LondonPenetrationDepth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 + 12-38.1 + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - - - + + - - - T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + MathematicalModel + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + MathematicalModel + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + + + + + Object + A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Continuant + Endurant + Object + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - - - + + + - - + + - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. -For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + NonMaximal + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. - - - - Punctuation - Punctuation +If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - + - - - RelativeLinearStrain - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - RelativeLinearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 - 4-17.2 - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + RadiantEnergy + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + RadiantEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 + 10-45 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - + - + - - PressureCoefficient - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - PressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 - 5-4 - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - - - - - - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - - A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 - 10-74.2 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + + + Permeability + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + ElectromagneticPermeability + Permeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability + 6-26.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - - - Broadcast - Broadcast + + + + URI + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + URI + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - - + + - - + + + 1 - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - + - + - TotalIonization - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - TotalIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 - 10-59 - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + ActivityOfSolvent + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + ActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 + 9-27.1 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - + + + + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + FE-SEM + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + + + + + + Microscopy + + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + + + + + + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + + + + + + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + + + - + - - VolumicCrossSection - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - MacroscopicCrossSection - VolumicCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 - 10-42.1 - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 + Speed + Length per unit time. + +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed + 3-8.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - - - - - LogarithmicDecrement - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - LogarithmicDecrement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 - 3-25 - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + + + + + + + + + + + + Sign + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. + +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + Sign + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - + @@ -8824,346 +6801,345 @@ For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of c - + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Coded - A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. -A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. -A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. - -For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. -An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). -This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - Coded - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. - The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - - - - BondedAtom - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - ChemicalElement - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + A random generated id for a product. + -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + + + + + BraggAngle + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + BraggAngle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 + 12-4 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + + + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. - - - - + + + - - T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - LengthTimePerMassUnit - LengthTimePerMassUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EMMO + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + EMMO + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - + - - RadialDistance - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - RadialDistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 - 3-1.9 - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + + + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + AreicHeatFlowRate + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 + 5-8 + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 - + - - + - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassUnit - MassUnit - - - - - - FlexuralForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - Biegeumformen - FlexuralForming + + + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - + + + + + Attenuation + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + Extinction + Attenuation + 3-26.1 + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + + + - + - - LorenzCoefficient - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - LorenzNumber - LorenzCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 - 12-18 - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + ReciprocalLength + The inverse of length. + InverseLength + ReciprocalLength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + + + + KineticFrictionFactor + DynamicFrictionFactor + KineticFrictionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 + 4-23.2 - + - - - FermiEnergy - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - FermiEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 - 12-27.1 - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 + + + CoefficientOfFriction + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + FrictionCoefficient + FrictionFactor + CoefficientOfFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - + - + + - - + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - ModulusOfCompression - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - BulkModulus - ModulusOfCompression - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 - 4-19.3 - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + + LengthPerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit - - - + + + + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + Product + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + + + + - - + + - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. - - - - - - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - - - - - - Java - Java - - - - - - MembraneOsmometry - - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + Product + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Output + Product + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - + - - - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - - - - - - - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Artifact - Engineered - TangibleProduct - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. + + + MassFractionOfWater + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MassFractionOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 + 5-31 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - + - - - Gyroradius - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - LarmorRadius - Gyroradius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 - 10-17 - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + + + MassFraction + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction + 9-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - + - - - LinearExpansionCoefficient - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 - 5-3.1 - Relative change of length per change of temperature. + + ElectricImpedance + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + Impedance + ElectricImpedance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 + 6-51.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance + + + + + + ConductometricTitration + + The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve (see + The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipita- tion reactions are most frequently used. + The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added + ConductometricTitration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - ThermalExpansionCoefficient - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + + + + Conductometry + + The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured + Conductometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - + @@ -9172,104 +7148,121 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson + ElementaryParticle + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + SingleParticleChain + ElementaryParticle + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuarkType - DownAntiQuarkType + + + + SpecificInternalEnergy + Internal energy per unit mass. + SpecificInternalEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 + 5-21.2 + Internal energy per unit mass. - - + + - - + + - - - SpecificVolume - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - MassicVolume - SpecificVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 - 4-3 - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationWorkflow + + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - + + + + ComplexPower + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + ComplexApparentPower + ComplexPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 + 6-59 + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + + + - Chromatography + Viscometry - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Viscosity + Viscometry + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - - - - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 - 5-10.2 - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + + + + NormalPulseVoltammetry + + Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. + Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. + The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. + The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. + The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential + NPV + NormalPulseVoltammetry + voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + Voltammetry + + The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + Voltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - - - - - - - - - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - ThermalTransmittance - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 - 5-10.1 - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + + + StandardEquilibriumConstant + ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant + StandardEquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 + 9-32 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - + @@ -9278,844 +7271,891 @@ Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real - Stress - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress - 4-15 - - - - - - IonMobilitySpectrometry - - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - IMS - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + + ModulusOfElasticity + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + YoungsModulus + ModulusOfElasticity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 + 4-19.1 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - - - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + + + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + MassPerAmountUnit + MassPerAmountUnit - - - - - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 - 10-65 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - + - + - - + + - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - Lifetime - Maximal - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - -On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + Holistic + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. -Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. - +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - - - - ReferenceSample - - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + Wholistic + Holistic + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - ReferenceSpecimen - Certified Reference Material - Reference material - ReferenceSample - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Reference material +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. + A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperatureUnit - TemperatureUnit + + + + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - - - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + + + + Cutting + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + Schneiden + Cutting - - - - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - AES - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + + + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + DIN 8580:2020 + Trennen + CuttingManufacturing + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - - - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - + + + + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - - - - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - VPO - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - - - - - KineticFrictionFactor - DynamicFrictionFactor - KineticFrictionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 - 4-23.2 +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - - - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + + + + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - - - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 - 5-16.4 - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + + + + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - + + + + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + + - + - - - - SpecificHeatCapacity - Heat capacity divided by mass. - SpecificHeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity - 5-16.1 - Heat capacity divided by mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 + + + BurgersVector + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + BurgersVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 + 12-6 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - - - - ArithmeticOperator - ArithmeticOperator + + + + Displacement + vector quantity between any two points in space + Displacement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) + 3-1.11 + vector quantity between any two points in space + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) - - - - AlgebricOperator - AlgebricOperator + + + + Procedure + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + Elaboration + Work + Procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm. + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - - - - - NeutronYieldPerFission - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - NeutronYieldPerFission - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 - 10-74.1 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + + + + + + + + + + + + + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - - - - ThreePointBendingTesting - - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - ThreePointFlexuralTest - ThreePointBendingTesting - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + + + EnergyImparted + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + EnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 + 10-80.1 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + ChemicalSubstance + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - - - - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + + + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 + ChemicalEntity + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. + Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - - - - WorkpieceForming - A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - ArchetypeForming - PrimitiveForming - WorkpieceForming + + + + PostProcessingModel + + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + + + + + + + + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PerEnergyUnit + PerEnergyUnit + + + + + + + RawData + + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + RawData + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. + In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - + + - - + + - - AngularVelocity - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - AngularVelocity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - 3-12 - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - + + MeasurementResult + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + Result of a measurement. - - - Object - A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). -However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. -In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. -To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Continuant - Endurant - Object - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + MeasurementResult + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + measurement result + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - - - - - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - ObjectPart - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - A tire is a constituent of a car. + + + + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - + - + - - - ElectricPotential - The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar -field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - ElectroStaticPotential - ElectricPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential - 6-11.1 - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 + + MolarConductivity + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + MolarConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 + 9-45 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 - - - + + + + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + + + + + + + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + - - - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - PerAreaTimeUnit - PerAreaTimeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + EncodedVariation + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). + A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data - + - - + - - T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - SquareTimePerMassUnit - SquareTimePerMassUnit + + + KinematicViscosity + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + KinematicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 + 4-25 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - - - - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - EBSD - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + + + + + RelativePermeability + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + RelativePermeability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 + 6-27 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 - + - - ScanningElectronMicroscopy + + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - SEM - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - - - - - - - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + PSA + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - - MaterialRelationComputation - MaterialRelationComputation + + + + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - - - - - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + + + + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - - - - IonChromatography - - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino - - + + - - - - - - + + = - - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - Resource - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + + + Equals + The equals symbol. + Equals + The equals symbol. - - - - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + + + + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + AES + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - - - - StandardChemicalPotential - StandardChemicalPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 - 9-21 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + + + + GravitySintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + Loose-powderSintering + PressurelessSintering + GravitySintering - + - + + - - + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Vergence - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + + ElectricResistanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit - + - - DynamicLightScattering - - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - DLS - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownQuarkType - DownQuarkType - +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. - - - - JoinManufacturing - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - DIN 8580:2020 - Fügen - JoinManufacturing - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalBoson - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - FundamentalBoson - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Measuring instrument - - - - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression + 2+2 - - - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + AlgebricExpression + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + 2x+3 - + + + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PowerDensityUnit + PowerDensityUnit + + + - + - - AcceptorDensity - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - AcceptorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 - 12-29.5 - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - - - - - - TensileForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - Zugdruckumformen - TensileForming - - - - - - Soldering - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - Löten - Soldering + + ThermalInsulance + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + CoefficientOfThermalInsulance + ThermalInsulance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 + 5-11 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - - - + + + - - - - + + + + - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. - Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). + Program + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + Executable + Program + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - + + + + Chronocoulometry + + Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve) + Chronocoulometry + direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve) + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Coulometry + + Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). + The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge + Coulometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + MassSpectrometry + + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + + - T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + VolumePerMassUnit + VolumePerMassUnit - - + + - - + + + + + + + + - - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - - - - - - + + - - - HeatCapacity - Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - HeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - 5-15 - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 + + + Measurement + A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + Measurement + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + measurement - - - - - EnergyImparted - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - EnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 - 10-80.1 - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + + + + + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Artifact + Engineered + TangibleProduct + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. - - - - - - - - - - - AbsorbedDoseRate - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - AbsorbedDoseRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 - 10-84 - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + + + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. @@ -10139,483 +8179,451 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - - - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - - - - - - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + + + + DisplacementVector + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + DisplacementVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 + 12-7.3 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - + - - - LevelWidth - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - LevelWidth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 - 10-26 - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + + + MassConcentration + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - - - - + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - HolisticPart - Part - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - - - - - - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - Werkstücke - DiscreteManufacturing - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - - - - - - - - - - - Volume - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - 3-4 - - - - - - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - PSA - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - - - - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - Equipment - Machine - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + + Density + Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. + MassConcentration + MassDensity + Density + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density + 4-2 + 9-10 + Mass per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - - - - - MassFractionOfWater - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - MassFractionOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 - 5-31 - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + + + GluonType6 + GluonType6 - + - - + - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - TemperaturePerLengthUnit + + + MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - + - + - - + + + + + + + - ElementaryParticle - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - SingleParticleChain - ElementaryParticle - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + AntiElectronType + AntiElectronType - + - - - - - - - - - LinearEnergyTransfer - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - LinearEnergyTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 - 10-85 - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 + + + LossFactor + Inverse of the quality factor. + LossFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 + 6-54 + Inverse of the quality factor. - - - - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + + + + + Lethargy + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + Lethargy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 + 10-69 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - - - - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + + + + FormingFromGas + FormingFromGas - - - - ThermochemicalTreatment - ThermochemicalTreatment + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - - - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum + 6-35.2 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + + + + + + + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - - - - - SerialStep - SerialStep + + + + + + + + + + + Fugacity + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + Fugacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 + 9-20 + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Step - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - Step - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + + + + + AngularWaveNumber + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + AngularRepetency + AngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 + 12-9.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - BlueBottomQuark - BlueBottomQuark + + + + Wavenumber + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + 3-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + + + + + ResonanceEnergy + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + ResonanceEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 + 10-37.2 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + + + + + + RotationalFrequency + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + RotationalFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 + 3-17.2 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - + - + - - Coercivity - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - Coercivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 - 6-31 - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + + Frequency + Number of periods per time interval. + Frequency + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 + 3-15.1 + Number of periods per time interval. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - + + + + SquareWaveVoltammetry + + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + OSWV + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + SWV + SquareWaveVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + VoltagePhasor + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + VoltagePhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 + 6-50 + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + + + - - MergingManufacturing - AddingManufacturing - MergingManufacturing + + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + ProductionEngineeringProcess + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - + - + - - NuclearMagneton - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - NuclearMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 - 10-9.3 - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 + + ElectronDensity + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + ElectronDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 + 12-29.1 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - - - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. + + + + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - + - - - SolidAngularMeasure - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - SolidAngle - SolidAngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - 3-8 - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + SlowingDownLength + Square root of the slowing down area. + SlowingDownLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 + 10-73.1 + Square root of the slowing down area. - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasMixture - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + EntropyPerAmountUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - - - - - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 - 10-18 - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + + + + + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. - - - - Work - Product of force and displacement. - Work - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work - Product of force and displacement. - 4-28.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + + + + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - - - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - - - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + + + + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - - - - - - - - - - - MolarMass - Mass per amount of substance. - MolarMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 - 9-4 - Mass per amount of substance. + + + + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + + RedBottomQuark + RedBottomQuark - - - - DefinedEdgeCutting - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden - DefinedEdgeCutting + + + + SamplingProcess + + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + SamplingProcess + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. @@ -10633,128 +8641,185 @@ manufacturing: production of components https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 - - - - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - - - - - - - BindingFraction - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - BindingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 - 10-23.2 - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + + + + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + + method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current - - + + - - + + + 1 - - - Frequency - Number of periods per time interval. - Frequency - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 - 3-15.1 - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + + + + + 1 + + + + QuantityValue + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + +So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + +While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. + QuantityValue + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg) + quantity value + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - - - - - LinearIonization - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - LinearIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 - 10-58 - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + + + + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - + + + + + InjectionMolding + InjectionMolding + + + + + + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + + + - - - - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - EntropyPerMassUnit - EntropyPerMassUnit + + + ElementaryCharge + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge + 10-5.1 + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - + - + - - StructureFactor - Mathematical description in crystallography. - StructureFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 - 12-5.4 - Mathematical description in crystallography. + + + + ElectricCharge + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + Charge + ElectricCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 + 6-2 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - - - - - CharacterisationProperty - - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + + + + + ComptonWavelength + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + ComptonWavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 + 10-20 + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength - - - - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. - --- VIM - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + Wavelength + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + Wavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength + 3-19 + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 - + - - SecondaryData + + NuclearMagneticResonance - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Elaborated data - SecondaryData - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Deconvoluted curves - Intensity maps + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + NMR + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + + + + + Spectroscopy + + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + + + + + + + + + + + + VolumicCrossSection + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + MacroscopicCrossSection + VolumicCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 + 10-42.1 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 @@ -10779,653 +8844,993 @@ The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alter The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - + + + + + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + Modelling + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + + + + + + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. + + + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalConductanceUnit - ThermalConductanceUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit - + + + + CompressionTesting + + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + + + + + + UnitOne + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + Unitless + UnitOne + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - LuminanceUnit - LuminanceUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - + - - - RelaxationTime - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - RelaxationTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 - 12-32.1 - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + + + + + + + + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + ChemicalAffinity + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 + 9-30 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - + - - TimeConstant - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - TimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 - 3-15 - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + + + + + + + + + MassExcess + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + MassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 + 10-21.1 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - + + + + + + + + + + + SectionModulus + SectionModulus + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 + 4-22 + + + - - Coulometry + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). - The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge - Coulometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 - electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell - - - GluonType4 - GluonType4 + + + + HardeningByDrawing + HardeningByDrawing - + - - Milling - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - Fräsen - Milling + + HardeningByForming + Verfestigen durch Umformen + HardeningByForming + + + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + + + + + + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. + It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid + Object that is processed with a machine + Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + They are not powders or threads + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + fili e polveri non sono compresi + it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. + it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape + powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them + Werkstück + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - + - - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - - - - + + + WPositiveBoson + WPositiveBoson + + + + + - + - + - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + StandardModelParticle + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + ElementaryParticle + StandardModelParticle + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. + This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). - + + + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - CatalyticActivityUnit - CatalyticActivityUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - + - + - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 - 6-5 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + Magnetization + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Magnetization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 + 6-24 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - + - - + + - - FineStructureConstant - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + + + ElectricFluxDensity + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + ElectricDisplacement + ElectricFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 + 6-12 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - - BohrRadius - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - BohrRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 - 10-6 - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 + + + + + + + + + + + + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. + Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - - - - LevelOfAutomation - - Describes the level of automation of the test. - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + Model + Simulacrum + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - NominalProperty - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + + + + PhaseVelocity + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + PhaseSpeed + PhaseVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity + 3-23.1 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Velocity + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - NominalProperty - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. -A color is a nominal property. +-- IEC, note 1 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -Sex of a human being. - nominal property +-- ISO 80000-3 + Velocity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3-8.1 + 3‑10.1 + + + + + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + + + + + + + + T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SexticLengthUnit + SexticLengthUnit + + + + + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LengthUnit + LengthUnit - - - - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - Thermisches Abtragen - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + RedUpQuark + RedUpQuark - + - + - - ElectricCurrentDensity - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - AreicElectricCurrent - CurrentDensity - ElectricCurrentDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 - 6-8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + + SpecificHeatCapacity + Heat capacity divided by mass. + SpecificHeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity + 5-16.1 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - - - - - 1 - - + + - - - 1 + + + + + + - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + + + + + + + + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + HolisticPart + Part + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - + - - - NeutronNumber - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - NeutronNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 - 10-1.2 - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 + + + Curvature + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Curvature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature + 3-2 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. - + - - - ThermoelectricVoltage - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - ThermoelectricVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 - 12-20 - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + + + + + + + + + MagneticFluxDensity + Often denoted B. + Strength of the magnetic field. + MagneticInduction + MagneticFluxDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 + 6-21 + Strength of the magnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - + - - Voltage - Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. - The difference in electric potential between two points. - ElectricPotentialDifference - ElectricTension - Voltage - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage - 6-11.3 - The difference in electric potential between two points. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + + + RollingResistanceFactor + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + RollingResistanceFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 + 4-23.3 + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - - - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + + + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + GenerativeManufacturing + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - + - - - MaximumEfficiency - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - CarnotEfficiency - MaximumEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 - 5-25.2 - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + + + + + + + + + ElectricDipoleMoment + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + ElectricDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + 6-6 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + + + + + LongRangeOrderParameter + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + LongRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 + 12-5.2 + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - - - - DampingCoefficient - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - DampingCoefficient - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 - 3-24 - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + + + + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - - - - Height - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - Height - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Height - 3-1.3 - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + + + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - + - - - LatticePlaneSpacing - distance between successive lattice planes - LatticePlaneSpacing - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 - 12-3 - distance between successive lattice planes + + + + + + + + + PlanckFunction + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + PlanckFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 + 5-23 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - - - Distance - Distance is the norm of Displacement. - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - Distance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance - 3-1.8 - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance + + + + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - - - - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. - + - + - - Magnetization - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - Magnetization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 - 6-24 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + MagneticMoment + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + MagneticAreaMoment + MagneticMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 + 6-23 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WeakBoson - WeakBoson + + + + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. - + - - + - - + + + + + + + - StandardModelParticle - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - ElementaryParticle - StandardModelParticle - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. - This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). -In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). + TopAntiQuark + TopAntiQuark - - - - Thermogravimetry - - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - TGA - Thermogravimetry - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PowerUnit + PowerUnit - + - - - - + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + + + + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + FermiAnglularRepetency + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 + 12-9.2 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + + + + + + + AngularWavenumber + Magnitude of the wave vector. + AngularRepetency + AngularWavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 + 3-22 + Magnitude of the wave vector. + + + + + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - RedQuark - RedQuark + + + + + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Signal + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - - - - TransformationLanguage - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - TransformationLanguage - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + + + + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 + 5-16.4 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - - - - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current + + + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - - - - ChargeDistribution - - ChargeDistribution + + + + + + + + + + + + + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - + + + + + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 + 12-36.2 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + + + - - Detector + + CharacterisationSoftware - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM - Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + A software application to process characterisation data + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - - - - PH - At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: -pH < 7 are acidic; -pH = 7 are neutral; -pH > 7 are alkaline. -At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - Written as pH - PH - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 - For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + + + + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + App + Application + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - + - - IonActivity - Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. - The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - IonActivity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + + + CurieTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + CurieTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 + 12-35.1 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - - - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - MeasurementProcedure - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + + + + CriticalTemperature + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + CriticalTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - - - - - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + + MaterialRelation + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + MaterialRelation + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian. - - + + - - - - - - + + - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + + + Equation + An equation with variables can always be represented as: + +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) + +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + Equation + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y - + + + + + DewPointTemperature + The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + DewPointTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 + 5-36 + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 + + + - - Hazard + + PrimaryData - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Baseline subtraction + Noise reduction + X and Y axes correction - - + + @@ -11433,286 +9838,188 @@ pH = −10 log(a_H+). - + - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - Hardness is a subclass of properties. -Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - - - - - CeramicMaterial - CeramicMaterial - - - - - - - - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) -C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) + + + + + + + + + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). + Someone who assigns a name to an object. - - - - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + + + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - + - + - LinearMassDensity - Mass per length. - LinearDensity - LineicMass - LinearMassDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 - 4-6 - Mass per length. + MomentOfIntertia + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + MomentOfIntertia + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 + 4-7 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - TopQuark - TopQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark - - - - - - - MolarGasConstant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - MolarGasConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant - 9-37.1 - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 - - - - - - - - - - - - - SpecificGasConstant - SpecificGasConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 - 5-26 - - - - - - - - - - - - Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - Illuminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 + GreenAntiQuark + GreenAntiQuark - + - - - - - T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - - - - - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - - - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaDensityUnit - AreaDensityUnit - - - - - - CyclicVoltammetry - - Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemi- cal/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. - Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switch- ing potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. - The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. - The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate - CV - CyclicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - ConductometricTitration - - The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve (see - The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipita- tion reactions are most frequently used. - The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added - ConductometricTitration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + AmountFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - - - - Conductometry - - The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured - Conductometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - - - - + + + - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - MassPerAmountUnit - MassPerAmountUnit + + + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - - - DerivedUnit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - derived unit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM + + + + + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - + - + - - Compressibility - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - Compressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 - 4-20 - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + + DensityOfVibrationalStates + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + DensityOfVibrationalStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 + 12-12 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - - - - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + + + LatticePlaneSpacing + distance between successive lattice planes + LatticePlaneSpacing + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 + 12-3 + distance between successive lattice planes - - - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - HolisticTemporalPart - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + + Distance + Distance is the norm of Displacement. + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + Distance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance + 3-1.8 + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance @@ -11725,657 +10032,948 @@ C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path)A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - - - TauAntiNeutrino - TauAntiNeutrino - + + + + + NonLeakageProbability + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + NonLeakageProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 + 10-77 + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + + + + + + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + + + + + + Height + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + Height + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Height + 3-1.3 + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + + + + + + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + + + + + + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. + Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Characterisation + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. + + + + + + + + RollingResistance + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + RollingDrag + RollingFrictionForce + RollingResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 + 4-9.5 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + + + + + + + + + + + + + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + EngineeredMaterial + ProcessedMaterial + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + + + + + + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). + +IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + IMC + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiQuark - AntiQuark +IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - + - - CreepTesting + + ThermochemicalTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + TMA + ThermochemicalTesting + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - - - Procedure - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - Elaboration - Work - Procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). -The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. -The execution of an algorithm. - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + + + + + T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + AmountConductivityUnit + AmountConductivityUnit - - - - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + + + + + + + + MolarVolume + Volume per amount of substance. + MolarVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 + 9-5 + Volume per amount of substance. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton + + + + PlasmaCutting + PlasmaCutting - - - - - RelativePermittivity - Permittivity divided by electric constant. - RelativePermittivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 - 6-15 - Permittivity divided by electric constant. + + + + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + Thermisches Abtragen + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - - - RedCharmAntiQuark - RedCharmAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + Tessellation + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + Tiling + Tessellation + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - - - - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 + 10-13.7 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - + - + - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 - 9-29 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + QuantumNumber + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + QuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 + 10-13.1 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - - - - - - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + + + + OpticalMicroscopy + + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light - - - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. - -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. - -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 2 + + + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton + -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. + + + + + LandeFactor + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + GFactorOfAtom + LandeFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 + 10-14.1 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - - - - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). -A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + + + + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + ShotPeening + Verfestigungsstrahlen + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - + - + - - MassExcess - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - MassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 - 10-21.1 - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 + + MagneticVectorPotential + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + MagneticVectorPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 + 6-32 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - - - FunctionalIcon - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. - FunctionalIcon - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). - A guinea pig. - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + + + + + + + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 - 6-35.1 - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + + + + Magnetizing + Magnetizing - + + + + + MaterialTreatment + esce workpiece + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + DIN 8580:2020 + Stoffeigenschaft ändern + WorkPieceTreatment + MaterialTreatment + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + + + + + + LevelOfExpertise + + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + + - + - Speed - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed - 3-8.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + + RecombinationCoefficient + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + RecombinationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 + 10-63 + Coefficient in the law of recombination, - - - - - - - - - - - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + + + + + DebyeWallerFactor + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + DebyeWallerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 + 12-8 + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - + - - MutualInductance - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - MutualInductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 - 6-41.2 - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + IsentropicExponent + For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. + IsentropicExponent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 + 5-17.2 - + + + GluonType3 + GluonType3 + + + + + + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + FTIR + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + + + + + + CyclotronAngularFrequency + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 + 10-16 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + + + + + + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + + + + + + TensileTesting + + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + TensionTest + TensileTesting + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + + + - - + + - - - - ElectricInductance - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - Inductance - ElectricInductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 - 6-41.1 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + AlgebricEquation + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + 2 * a - b = c - + + + + + IsothermalCompressibility + IsothermalCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 + 5-5.1 + + + - + - SurfaceMassDensity - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - AreicMass - SurfaceDensity - SurfaceMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 - 4-5 - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + Compressibility + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + Compressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 + 4-20 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + + + + + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 + 6-38 - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaUnit - AreaUnit + + + + + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 + 12-15.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - - - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + + + + Signal + + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + Signal + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - + - - MeasurementSystemAdjustment + + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured -NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form -“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. -NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment -(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). -NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite -for adjustment. -NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + + + + + OsmoticPressure + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + OsmoticPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 + 9-28 + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). -The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Adjustment + + + + PeriodDuration + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + Period + PeriodDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 + 3-14 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 - + - - - HartreeEnergy - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - HartreeEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree - 10-8 - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 + + Duration + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Duration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 + 3-9 + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - - - - ElectroSinterForging - ElectroSinterForging + + + ContinuumSubstance + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + ContinuumSubstance + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino + GreenDownQuark + GreenDownQuark - - - LeftHandedParticle - LeftHandedParticle + + + + Galvanizing + Galvanizing + + + + + + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + + + + + HelmholtzEnergy + HelmholtzFreeEnergy + HelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 + 5-20.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 - + - - - - CubicExpansionCoefficient - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) - CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 - 5-3.2 - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + + + FermiEnergy + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + FermiEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 + 12-27.1 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - + + - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - AccelerationUnit - AccelerationUnit + TemperatureUnit + TemperatureUnit - - - - MeasurementParameter - - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal + + + + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - + - - - Lethargy - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - Lethargy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 - 10-69 - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + + + + + T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit - - + + + + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + + + + - - + + - - AvogadroConstant - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + LinearArray + 1DArray + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - AvogadroConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + + + + + MassFractionOfDryMatter + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 + 5-32 + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + + + + + + + + + + + Operator + + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - + + + + + DegreeOfDissociation + Dissociation may occur stepwise. + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + DissociationFraction + DegreeOfDissociation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 + 9-43 + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 + + + - - - - - - + + - - AtomicMass - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - AtomicMass - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - 10-4.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 + + + KermaRate + Time derivative of kerma. + KermaRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 + 10-86.2 + Time derivative of kerma. - + + + ReactivePower + Imaginary part of the complex power. + ReactivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 + 6-60 + Imaginary part of the complex power. + + + + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalConductivityUnit - ThermalConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit + + + + + + SampleInspection + + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + SampleInspection + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + + + + + + ElectronMass + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + + + + + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + + + + + + + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + + + + + + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationWorkflow - - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + + + + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. - Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. + + + + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - + - - - - - - - - - - - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + + NominalProperty + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + +"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + NominalProperty + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + +A color is a nominal property. + +Sex of a human being. + nominal property - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - WellFormedTessellation - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + + + + + SerialStep + SerialStep - - - - FibDic - - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. @@ -12387,209 +10985,194 @@ It defines the base unit mole in the SI system.Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - - - - SamplePreparationInstrument - - SamplePreparationInstrument + + + + ISO80000Categorised + ISO80000Categorised - - - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino + + + + Electrogravimetry + + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Electrogravimetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry - - - - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + + + + + ThermoelectricVoltage + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + ThermoelectricVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 + 12-20 + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - - - - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A biography. + A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - + - - - - - - + + - - MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicMassNumber - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + + + Mobility + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + Mobility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 + 10-61 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - + - - SpecificInternalEnergy - Internal energy per unit mass. - SpecificInternalEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 - 5-21.2 - Internal energy per unit mass. + + + MolecularPartitionFunction + Partition function of a molecule. + MolecularPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 + 9-35.4 + Partition function of a molecule. + + + + + + MeasuringInstrument + A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM + MeasuringInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM + measuring instrument - - - - - - - - - - - - SpecificEnergy - Energy per unit mass - SpecificEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy - 5-21.1 - Energy per unit mass - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy + + + + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - + - T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + EnergyUnit + EnergyUnit - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeFermion - CompositeFermion - Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: -spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron -spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + + + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - + - - - DegreeOfDissociation - Dissociation may occur stepwise. - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - DissociationFraction - DegreeOfDissociation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 - 9-43 - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + InductanceUnit + InductanceUnit - - - - - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 - 12-15.1 - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + + + + Assemblying + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + The act of connecting together the parts of something + Assemblying + The act of connecting together the parts of something + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - + - + - ThermalResistance - The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - ThermalResistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 - 5-12 - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + + RelativePressureCoefficient + RelativePressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 + 5-3.3 - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - EquilibriumPositionVector - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - EquilibriumPositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 - 12-7.2 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - - - - - - DataAcquisitionRate - - Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - + @@ -12597,1497 +11180,1471 @@ spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neut - - SurfaceTension - 4-26 - SurfaceTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 - - - - - - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.) - In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + + + EnergyFluence + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + EnergyFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 + 10-46 + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - - - - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + BlueDownQuark + BlueDownQuark - + - + - - - Capacitance - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - ElectricCapacitance - Capacitance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance - 6-13 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FirstGenerationFermion - FirstGenerationFermion - - - - - - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - - A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. - Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. - The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 + 4-21.2 - + - + - - PeltierCoefficient - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - PeltierCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 - 12-22 - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 + 4-21.1 - + + + + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + CSS + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + + + + + + + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + + + + + Observed + Observed + The biography of a person met by the author. + + + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - DiffusivityUnit - DiffusivityUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - + - - - - - - - - - ExtentOfReaction - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - ExtentOfReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 - 9-31 - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - - - - - - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. - The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + + KineticEnergy + The energy of an object due to its motion. + KineticEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy + 4-28.2 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomAntiQuark - BottomAntiQuark + + + + ShearForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + Schubumformen + ShearForming - + - - - MeanDurationOfLife - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - MeanLifeTime - MeanDurationOfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 - 10-25 - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Operator - - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - - - - - - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + + + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 + 12-15.1 + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - - - - LinearScanVoltammetry - - LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. - The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. - The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. - LSV - LinearPolarization - LinearSweepVoltammetry - LinearScanVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + ThermodynamicEfficiency + ThermalEfficiency + ThermodynamicEfficiency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 + 5-25.1 - + - T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit - - + + - - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - - - - - Cementing - Cementing - - - - - - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - - - - - - LevelOfExpertise - - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - - - - GluonType8 - GluonType8 + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 + + + RichardsonConstantUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit - - - RedDownAntiQuark - RedDownAntiQuark + + + + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - - - - FatigueTesting - - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AngularMomentumUnit + AngularMomentumUnit - + - - - Wavenumber - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - Repetency - Wavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - 3-20 - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + CubicExpansionCoefficient + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) + CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 + 5-3.2 + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - + - - - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 - 10-32 - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + + + + + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + ThermalExpansionCoefficient + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - + - - - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - OsmoticFactorOfSolvent - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 - 9-27.2 - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + + + LinearExpansionCoefficient + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 + 5-3.1 + Relative change of length per change of temperature. - - - - LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - LogarithmicUnit - http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Decibel - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units + + + + OpenCircuitHold + + a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) + OCVHold + OpenCircuitHold + a process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions) - - - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + + ThermalUtilizationFactor + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 + 10-76 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - RedAntiQuark - RedAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark - + + + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + - - - ProtonMass - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + + + MeanLinearRange + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + MeanLinearRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 + 10-56 + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 + + + + + + + + ∇ + + + + Gradient + Gradient + + + + + + DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator + + + + + + HardnessTesting + + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + + + + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - + - - - - - - - - - ThermalConductance - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - ThermalConductance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 - 5-13 - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 + + + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngluarRepetency + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 + 12-9.3 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - + - + - - RichardsonConstant - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - RichardsonConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 - 12-26 - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - NonMaximal - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. - -If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. + + MeanMassRange + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + MeanMassRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 + 10-57 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - + - + - - MagneticTension - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - MagneticTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 - 6-37.2 - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + + + SurfaceMassDensity + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + AreicMass + SurfaceDensity + SurfaceMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 + 4-5 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - + + - + - CausalParticle - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - CausalParticle - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - - - - - - - - - T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - LengthMassUnit - LengthMassUnit - - - - - - Chronocoulometry - - Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve) - Chronocoulometry - direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve) - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + CausalStructure + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + CausalObject + CausalStructure + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - + - - - - - - - - ParticleFluence - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - ParticleFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 - 10-43 - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - - - - - Cleaning - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - Cleaning - - - - - - ShearForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - Schubumformen - ShearForming - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - EntropyUnit - EntropyUnit + + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 + 10-65 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - - - - - - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - LorenzNumberUnit - LorenzNumberUnit + + + + + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - + - - - StandardEquilibriumConstant - ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant - StandardEquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 - 9-32 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 + + + ParticlePositionVector + Position vector of a particle. + ParticlePositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 + 12-7.1 + Position vector of a particle. - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + + + PositionVector + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. + +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + Position + PositionVector + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - - - Enthalpy - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy - 5.20-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + + + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon - - - - - ActivityOfSolute - RelativeActivityOfSolute - ActivityOfSolute - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 - 9-24 + + + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. + Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance + MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). - + - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - - - - - Painting - Painting - - - - - - - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. - - - - - - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit - + - + - Permeability - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - ElectromagneticPermeability - Permeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability - 6-26.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + ElectricConductivity + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 + 6-43 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + + + + + + + + + + + + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + Lifetime + Maximal + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. + +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. - - - - - - - - + + - - - 1 + + - - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. + + + AcceptorDensity + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + AcceptorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 + 12-29.5 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + + + + Gyroradius + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + LarmorRadius + Gyroradius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 + 10-17 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - + + - - LandeFactor - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - GFactorOfAtom - LandeFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 - 10-14.1 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 + 10-60 + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - - - - + + + + SpecificGibbsEnergy + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 + 5-21.5 + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + + + + + - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - ElectricFluxUnit - ElectricFluxUnit + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - + + + + DisplacementCurrentDensity + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 + 6-18 + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + + + - + - - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 - 10-51 - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + + + ElectricCurrentDensity + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + AreicElectricCurrent + CurrentDensity + ElectricCurrentDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 + 6-8 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - - - - Magnetizing - Magnetizing + + + + + AbsoluteHumidity + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + 5-28 + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - + + + + + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + + + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + - + - - MassieuFunction - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - MassieuFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 - 5-22 - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 + 10-40 + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - - - Gluing - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - Kleben - Gluing + + + + + RestMass + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + InvariantMass + ProperMass + RestMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity + 10-2 + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass - - - - Casting - Casting + + + + + ThermalDiffusionRatio + ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 + 9-40.1 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, + + + - - SolidAngle - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - SolidAngle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + + + RotationalDisplacement + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + AngularDisplacement + RotationalDisplacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 3-6 - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + + + + + + + MolarGibbsEnergy + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + MolarGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 + 9-6.4 + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - + - - - CoherenceLength - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - CoherenceLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 - 12-38.2 - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + + + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - - - - FormingFromGas - FormingFromGas + + + + + PoissonNumber + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + PoissonsRatio + PoissonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 + 4-18 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - + - + - - Molality - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - AmountPerMass - Molality - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 - 9-15 - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 + + ActivityDensity + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ActivityConcentration + VolumetricActivity + VolumicActivity + ActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 + 10-29 + Activity per unit volume of the sample. - - - - - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + PhotochemicalProcesses + PhotochemicalProcesses - - - - GammaSpectrometry - - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] + + + + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). + FunctionDefinition + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) + -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. + + + + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.[2] +The definition of density as mass/volume. -Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. +y = f(x) + -A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + + + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + Real part of the admittance. + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 + 6-52.2 + Real part of the admittance. - + - + - - VolumeFlowRate - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - VolumetricFlowRate - VolumeFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 - 4-31 - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate + + + ElectricConductance + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + Conductance + ElectricConductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 + 6-47 + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - + + + + + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 + 9-16 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + + + + + + + LatentHeat + LatentHeat + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 + 5-6.2 + + + + + + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + - T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit - + - - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - - - - MagneticPolarisation - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - MagneticPolarisation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 - 6-29 - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - + - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - derived quantity + + + StaticFrictionForce + StaticFriction + StaticFrictionForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 + 4-9.3 - + - - ElectricCurrentPhasor - ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 - 6-49 - - - - - GreenUpQuark - GreenUpQuark + + + + + + + + Stress + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress + 4-15 - - - - CharacterisedSample - - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - + - - - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 - 5-29 - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + + + + + + + + + ElectricInductance + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + Inductance + ElectricInductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 + 6-41.1 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - - - VonKlitzingConstant - Resistance quantum. - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - VonKlitzingConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - + - + - LuminousFlux - Perceived power of light. - LuminousFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux - 7-13 - Perceived power of light. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 + + ParticleFluence + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + ParticleFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 + 10-43 + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - - GreenCharmQuark - GreenCharmQuark + + + + + CarrierLifetime + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + CarrierLifetime + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 + 12-32.2 + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - + - - - StandardAbsoluteActivity - Property of a solute in a solution. - StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 - 9-26 - Property of a solute in a solution. + + TimeConstant + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + TimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 + 3-15 + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - - - DataQuality - - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + + + + T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - - - - TotalCurrentDensity - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - TotalCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 - 6-20 - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + + + + + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + ObjectPart + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + A tire is a constituent of a car. - + + + RedBottomAntiQuark + RedBottomAntiQuark + + + - - Electrogravimetry + + Thermogravimetry - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Electrogravimetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + TGA + Thermogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - + + + + + ResidualResistivity + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + ResidualResistivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 + 12-17 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + + + - + + - MagneticVectorPotential - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - MagneticVectorPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 - 6-32 - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - - - - - - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - NSE - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - - - - - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 - ChemicalEntity - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. - Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). + ElectricResistivity + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + Resistivity + ElectricResistivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 + 6-44 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - - + + + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - ParticleCurrentDensity - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - ParticleCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 - 10-48 - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - - - - - - InteractionVolume - - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. - In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …). - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. - It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - - - - - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 - 5-17.1 - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - - - - + - - - - + + + + - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownQuark - DownQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark + CharacterisationTask + + CharacterisationTask - + - + - - - - - Velocity - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + + IonNumberDensity + Number of ions per volume. + IonDensity + IonNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 + 10-62.2 + Number of ions per volume. + --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + + + + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + + A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + --- IEC, note 1 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + + + + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + --- ISO 80000-3 - Velocity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + + + + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + + Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. + The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. + The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped + DPV + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + --- ISO 80000-3 - 3-8.1 - 3‑10.1 + + + + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + Computer + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - - - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + + WorkFunction + Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + ElectronWorkFunction + WorkFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 + 12-24.1 + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - + - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - LengthTemperatureUnit - LengthTemperatureUnit + + + ActivityCoefficient + ActivityCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 + 9-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - - + + - - - - - - + + - - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. +ISO 80000-1 + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. + +Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. - - - - - StandardAmountConcentration - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - StandardConcentration - StandardMolarConcentration - StandardAmountConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - 9-12.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 +For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + +However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + +For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + +As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, +— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and +— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. +ISO 80000-1 + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - - + + - - + + - - - - AmountConcentration - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - - - - - - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + Theorization + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - - - - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + + + + CharacterisationProtocol + + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - - - - - VolumeFraction - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - VolumeFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction - 9-14 - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + + + + + + + + + + + + Data + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 + Contrast + Dedomena + Pattern + Data + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - + + - + - + - + @@ -14095,79 +12652,116 @@ Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or - UpAntiQuarkType - UpAntiQuarkType + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino - + - + - - - Action - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - Action - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 - 4-32 - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + + + ElectricCurrent + A flow of electric charge. + ElectricCurrent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent + 6-1 + A flow of electric charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - + - - - - - - - - - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial - ProcessedMaterial - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + + ReactionSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + ReactionSintering - + + + + + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + + Parameter + A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + Parameter + Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Job + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + + + + + + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + + + - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ElectricResistivityUnit - ElectricResistivityUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - EnergyFluence - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - EnergyFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 - 10-46 - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + + + + IntermediateSample + + IntermediateSample @@ -14184,753 +12778,899 @@ Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - - - - Tortuosity - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - Tortuosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - - - + - + - - - AreaDensity - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + + FundamentalLatticeVector + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + FundamentalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 + 12-1.2 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - + - - - AbsoluteHumidity - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - 5-28 - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit - + - - - - - - - + + PositionVector + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + PositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) + 3-1.10 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + + + + + + + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + + + + + + EndTile + EndTile + + + + + + + Spin + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Spin + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 + 10-10 + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + + + + + - SeebeckCoefficient - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - SeebeckCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 - 12-21 - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + + + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 + 12-36.1 - + + + + + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 + 12-36.3 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + + + + + GluonType8 + GluonType8 + + + - - FormingBlasting - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - Umformstrahlen - FormingBlasting + + Folding + Folding - + + + + FormingJoin + FormingJoin + + + - - - - - - - + + - - - - - - + + T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - Density - Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. - MassConcentration - MassDensity - Density - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density - 4-2 - 9-10 - Mass per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + + TimePerVolumeUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit - - + + - - + + - - - GyromagneticRatio - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - GyromagneticCoefficient - MagnetogyricRatio - GyromagneticRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 - 10-12.1 - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - - - - - FastFissionFactor - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - FastFissionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 - 10-75 - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + + + + + CharacterisationProperty + + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - - - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - + + + + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. - - - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson +-- VIM + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + + + + SecondaryData + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Elaborated data + SecondaryData + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Deconvoluted curves + Intensity maps - + - - - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 - 12-35.3 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + + RadialDistance + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + RadialDistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 + 3-1.9 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - + - - - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum - 6-35.2 - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 + + + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 + 10-70 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - + - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuarkType + UpAntiQuarkType - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerAmountUnit - AreaPerAmountUnit - - - - - BlueDownAntiQuark - BlueDownAntiQuark + MassFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit - - - - FormingFromChip - FormingFromChip + + + + + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 + 10-64 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - + - + - - - EnergyDensityOfStates - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - EnergyDensityOfStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 - 12-16 - Quantity in condensed matter physics. + + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - + - + + - - + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - DensityOfVibrationalStates - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - DensityOfVibrationalStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 - 12-12 - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - - - - - Presses - Presses - - - - - - FormingFromPowder - FormingFromPowder - - - - - - - VacuumMagneticPermeability - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - PermeabilityOfVacuum - VacuumMagneticPermeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum - 6-26.1 + + PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - 5-35 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Matter + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + PhysicalSubstance + Matter + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. - + - T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - - - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - PseudoOCV - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueQuark + BlueQuark - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AngularMomentumUnit - AngularMomentumUnit + + + + JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - - + + + + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + BinaryData + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + + + + - - - - - - + + - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - A random generated id for a product. + + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - - - - - AtomicScatteringFactor - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - AtomicScatteringFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 - 12-5.3 - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + + + + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - + + + + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + + + SpinQuantumNumber + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + SpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 + 10-13.5 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + + + + + DataQuality + + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + + + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + + + - - + + Δ - - - ModulusOfElasticity - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - YoungsModulus - ModulusOfElasticity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 - 4-19.1 - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 + + Laplacian + Laplacian - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - VolumePerMassUnit - VolumePerMassUnit + + + + + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + State + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - - - - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - IndustrialPlant - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + HolisticTemporalPart + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountPerAreaUnit - AmountPerAreaUnit + + + + + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 + 9-6.3 + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - - + + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit - - + + - - + + - - - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + + + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 + 10-52 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - - - - - + + + + + RelativeMassDefect + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 + 10-22.2 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + + + + + - + + - - - - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - base unit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - + + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerEnergyUnit - PerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - + - - + - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - VolumePerAmountUnit - VolumePerAmountUnit - + + + AvogadroConstant + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - - - - NormalPulseVoltammetry - - Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. - Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. - The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. - The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. - The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - NPV - NormalPulseVoltammetry - voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - - - - Signal - - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - Signal - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + + + + + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) +C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) - - - - Welding - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - Schweißen - Welding + + + + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. + +In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. - - - - - - + + + + + - - + - - - - PhysicalParticle - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - Particle - PhysicalParticle - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - - - - - - ElectricReactance - The imaginary part of the impedance. - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - Reactance - ElectricReactance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 - 6-51.3 - The imaginary part of the impedance. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + + + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - - - - - - - - - Data - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 - Contrast - Dedomena - Pattern - Data - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. + + + + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - - - - - IonTransportNumber - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - CurrentFraction - TransferrenceNumber - IonTransportNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 - 9-46 - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 + + + + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - - - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + + + + + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. - + - BlueUpQuark - BlueUpQuark + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - + - T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - CapacitancePerLengthUnit + LuminanceUnit + LuminanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - VolumicElectromagneticEnergy - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 - 6-33 - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + + + + InteractionVolume + + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. + In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress, …). + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. + It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron + + + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. - + + + + MagneticPolarisation + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + MagneticPolarisation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 + 6-29 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + + + - + - - CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + + + EnergyDensityOfStates + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EnergyDensityOfStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 + 12-16 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. - - - - FlameCutting - FlameCutting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - + + + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + base quantity + + + - - - DewPointTemperature - The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - DewPointTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 - 5-36 - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 + + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities @@ -14945,570 +13685,557 @@ Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - - - - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 - 10-13.3 - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - - - - - - - QuantumNumber - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - QuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 - 10-13.1 - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - - - + - - - RotationalDisplacement - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - AngularDisplacement - RotationalDisplacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 - 3-6 - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement - - - - - - - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - - - - - - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - - - - - - - - - - + + - - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + + Luminance + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - + - - Dilatometry + + MeasurementSystemAdjustment - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). +The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured +NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form +“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. +NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment +(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). +NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite +for adjustment. +NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured +NOTE 1 If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form +“adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. +NOTE 2 Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment +(sometimes called “gain adjustment”). +NOTE 3 Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite +for adjustment. +NOTE 4 After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). +The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Adjustment - - + + - - + + + + + + AmountConcentration + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + PressurePerTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit + -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + + + MuonAntiNeutrino + MuonAntiNeutrino - - - - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - CSV - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + VacuumMagneticPermeability + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + PermeabilityOfVacuum + VacuumMagneticPermeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum + 6-26.1 - - - - - - - - - + + + + + HalfLife + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + HalfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 + 10-31 + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + + + + + - - + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - Boolean - A boolean number. - Boolean - A boolean number. + MassTemperatureUnit + MassTemperatureUnit + + + + + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + + + + + + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ThomsonCoefficient + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + ThomsonCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 + 12-23 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - + - + - - - Permittivity - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity - 6-14.1 - 6-14.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + + JouleThomsonCoefficient + JouleThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 + 5-24 - - - - PositionVector - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - PositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) - 3-1.10 - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit - + - - - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 - 10-33 - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + + SpecificEnthalpy + Enthalpy per unit mass. + SpecificEnthalpy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 + 5-21.3 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - + + + + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + + + - - - ActiveEnergy - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - ActiveEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 - 6-62 - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + + + NeutronYieldPerFission + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + NeutronYieldPerFission + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 + 10-74.1 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - + - T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit - + - - - Degenerency - Multiplicity - Degenerency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 - 9-36.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - - - - - - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + + + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - - - - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + + + + + Whole + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + Whole + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - + - - - WorkFunction - Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - ElectronWorkFunction - WorkFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 - 12-24.1 - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 + + + + + T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + QuarticLengthUnit + QuarticLengthUnit - + - BlueTopQuark - BlueTopQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuarkType + DownQuarkType - + - - GrueneisenParamter - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - GrueneisenParamter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 - 12-14 - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + + MagneticSusceptibility + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + MagneticSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 + 6-28 + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - - - - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - - Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. - The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - EIS - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + PaperManufacturing + PaperManufacturing + + + + + + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. + + + + + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - + - - Impedimetry + + SampleInspectionParameter - measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential - Impedimetry - measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + SampleInspectionParameter + Parameter used for the sample inspection process - - - - StepChronopotentiometry - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - StepChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + + + LossAngle + Arctan of the loss factor + LossAngle + https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 + 6-55 + Arctan of the loss factor - - - - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - JSON, YAML, XML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages + + + + + + + + + + + + + + WeakBoson + WeakBoson - - - + + + - - - T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - Screwing - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - Schrauben - Screwing - - - - - - ElectrolyticDeposition - ElectrolyticDeposition + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. - - - - FormingFromIonised - FormingFromIonised + + + + + + + + + + + LinearEnergyTransfer + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + LinearEnergyTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 + 10-85 + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - - + + - T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - - - - - - - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - - - - - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + ForceAreaUnit + ForceAreaUnit - + - - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. + + + + ThermalDiffusionFactor + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 + 9-40.2 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - - - - CharacterisationProtocol - - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + + MeanEnergyImparted + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + MeanEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 + 10-80.2 + Expectation value of the energy imparted. - + - - MeasurementTime + + Nanoindentation - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data - - - - - - - IsothermalCompressibility - IsothermalCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 - 5-5.1 + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - - - - - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 - 9-6.3 - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalMatterParticle - - - + + - - + + + + + + + + - Structural - Structural - - - - - - - - - - - - - MagneticReluctance - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - Reluctance - MagneticReluctance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 - 6-39 - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - - - - - - CharacterisationComponent - - CharacterisationComponent + ThirdGenerationFermion + ThirdGenerationFermion - + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimeUnit - TimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueAntiQuark - BlueAntiQuark + AreicSpeedUnit + AreicSpeedUnit - - - - - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 - 9-27.3 + + + + Sawing + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + Sägen + Sawing + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. @@ -15521,266 +14248,375 @@ An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it.A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - + + + + + + + + + + + Exposure + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Exposure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 + 10-88 + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + + + + + + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 + 6-9 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + + + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaTemperatureUnit - AreaTemperatureUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit - - - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - - Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + SolidAngularMeasure + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + SolidAngle + SolidAngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle + 3-8 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiElectronType - AntiElectronType + + + + + + + T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - + - - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + + ElectricSusceptibility + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + ElectricSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 + 6-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility + + + + + + Work + Product of force and displacement. + Work + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work + Product of force and displacement. + 4-28.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - + + + + Impedimetry + + measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential + Impedimetry + measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - + + - - + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - ParticleFluenceRate - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - ParticleFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 - 10-44 - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - - - - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). - -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - IMC - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). - -IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + + + + CentreOfMass + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + CentreOfMass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - + - - StandardAbsoluteActivity - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 - 9-23 - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 + 9-35.1 - - - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - - Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell + + + + + + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - - - - XrayPowderDiffraction - - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - XRPD - XrayPowderDiffraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + + + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. + +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. + +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. + +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing. - - - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + + + VonKlitzingConstant + Resistance quantum. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - + + + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + + + + IsochoricHeatCapacity + Heat capacity at constant volume. + HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume + IsochoricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 + 5-16.3 + Heat capacity at constant volume. + + + - + - - - LatticeVector - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - LatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 - 12-1.1 - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + + + HeatCapacity + Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + HeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity + 5-15 + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - - - - Displacement - vector quantity between any two points in space - Displacement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) - 3-1.11 - vector quantity between any two points in space - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) + + + + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - - - - + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + + + + - - LuminousIntensityUnit - LuminousIntensityUnit + + + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + Resource + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - - - - - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron - MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 - 10-12.2 - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + + + + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - - - + + - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - ReciprocalLengthUnit - ReciprocalLengthUnit + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasMixture + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - + + + + ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation + 1 + 1 = 2 + + + - - - - - - - - - MolarConductivity - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - MolarConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 - 9-45 - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 + + + ProtonMass + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - + - - + - + - + @@ -15788,866 +14624,916 @@ IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed ti - FundamentalInteraction - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - FundamentalInteraction - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + ElectronType + ElectronType - - + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - EnergyPerAmountUnit - EnergyPerAmountUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharmAntiQuark - CharmAntiQuark + + + + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - - + + + + + Material + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + Material + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + + + + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - LengthPerTemperatureUnit + SpeedUnit + SpeedUnit - + + + + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + Demontage + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + - - - RybergConstant - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + + + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + 5-35 - + + + + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - DCPolarography + HydrodynamicVoltammetry - If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. - This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). - Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by dif- fusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode - DCPolarography - linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode + A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. + Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. + The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalSymbol - MathematicalSymbol + + + + + + + + + + LuminousIntensity + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + LuminousIntensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity + 7-14 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + + + + + + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + 3D Atom Probe + APT + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + + + CausalConvexSystem + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CausalConvexSystem + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + + + + + + Painting + Painting - - - - Polynomial - Polynomial - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiLepton + AntiLepton - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - FrequencyUnit - FrequencyUnit - - - - - - - - EndTile - EndTile + ElectricResistivityUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit - + - + - - - ElectricResistivity - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - Resistivity - ElectricResistivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 - 6-44 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + AngularAcceleration + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + AngularAcceleration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration + 3-13 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - + + + + ThermomechanicalTreatment + ThermomechanicalTreatment + + + - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PerPressureUnit - PerPressureUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + + + + + + + + SolubilityProduct + For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + SolubilityProductConstant + SolubilityProduct + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - RichardsonConstantUnit - RichardsonConstantUnit - - - - - - GravityCasting - GravityCasting + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - + - - SamplingProcess + + ACVoltammetry - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - SamplingProcess - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - - - - - - ThermalSprayingForming - ThermalSprayingForming + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + ACV + ACVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - ModulusOfAdmittance - ModulusOfAdmittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 - 6-52.4 + + + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 + 6-35.1 + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - - - - - ActivityOfSolvent - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - ActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 - 9-27.1 - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + + + CompositeMaterial + CompositeMaterial - - - - - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 - 12-15.2 - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + + + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - - - - Grinding - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - Schleifen - Grinding + + + + JavaScript + JavaScript - - - - PhaseVelocity - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - PhaseSpeed - PhaseVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity - 3-23.1 - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + + + + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - - + + + + + + + + + + + + Coupled + Coupled + + + + - T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - QuarticLengthUnit - QuarticLengthUnit - - - - - GreenTopQuark - GreenTopQuark + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit - + - - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + + + + + + + + + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 + 10-39 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - - - - - IsentropicCompressibility - IsentropicCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 - 5-5.2 + + + + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - - - - RadiusOfCurvature - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - RadiusOfCurvature - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature - 3-1.12 - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + + + + DropForging + DropForging - + - - DoseEquivalentRate - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - DoseEquivalentRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 - 10-83.2 - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + + + MultiplicationFactor + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + MultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 + 10-78.1 + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - - - - - - - - - - - - Program - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - Executable - Program - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + + + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + EnvironmentalData + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - - - - Calendering - Calendering + + + + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. - - - - - PhaseDifference - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - DisplacementAngle - PhaseDifference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 - 6-48 - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + + + + FreeForming + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + Non la metterei + Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). + FreeForming - + - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngluarRepetency - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 - 12-9.3 - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - - - - - AngularWaveNumber - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - AngularRepetency - AngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 - 12-9.1 - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - - - - - ParticleEmissionRate - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - ParticleEmissionRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 - 10-36 - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - + - + - ReciprocalDuration - InverseDuration - InverseTime - ReciprocalTime - ReciprocalDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 - - - - - - - MeanEnergyImparted - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - MeanEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 - 10-80.2 - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - - - - - GreenDownQuark - GreenDownQuark + + + ThermalConductivity + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. + ThermalConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity + 5-9 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - - - - LinkedFlux - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - LinkedFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 - 6-22.2 - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. - + - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AbsorbedDoseUnit - AbsorbedDoseUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit - - - CausallHairedSystem - CausallHairedSystem + + + + + + + + + + FineStructureConstant + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - + - + - - ElectricFluxDensity - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - ElectricDisplacement - ElectricFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 - 6-12 - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + + SpecificActivity + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + MassicActivity + SpecificActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 + 10-28 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - - - - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - Phase - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + + + + + + + + + + LuminousFlux + Perceived power of light. + LuminousFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux + 7-13 + Perceived power of light. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + InspectionDevice + InspectionDevice - + - - - IsentropicExponent - For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. - IsentropicExponent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 - 5-17.2 + + DisplacementCurrent + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + DisplacementCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 + 6-19.1 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - - - MuonAntiNeutrino - MuonAntiNeutrino + + + + DataProcessingApplication + DataProcessingApplication - - - - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - TEM - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + + CeramicMaterial + CeramicMaterial - + - + + + ElectronAffinity + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + ElectronAffinity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 + 12-25 + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + + + + + - - - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + + + + + - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon - + + + + ElectrolyticDeposition + ElectrolyticDeposition + + + + + + FormingFromIonised + FormingFromIonised + + + - - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + + Chronoamperometry - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - FTIR - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential + AmperiometricDetection + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Chronoamperometry + amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - ElectricSusceptibility - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - ElectricSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 - 6-16 - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility + + + + Amperometry + + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). + In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. + The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + Amperometry + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m + + + + Command + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. + Command + From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. - - - - + + + - - T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - InverseSquareMassUnit - InverseSquareMassUnit - - - - - + + - ReactionEnergy - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - ReactionEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 - 10-37.1 - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + DiffusionArea + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + DiffusionArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 + 10-72.2 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - + - + + AngularVelocity + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + AngularVelocity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity + 3-12 + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity + + + + + - HallCoefficient - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - HallCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 - 12-19 - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 + 12-35.3 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - + - - - - - T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + PhaseCoefficient + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + PhaseChangeCoefficient + PhaseCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 + 3-26.2 + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant - + - + - - RelativePressureCoefficient - RelativePressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 - 5-3.3 + ThermalResistance + The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + ThermalResistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 + 5-12 + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - - - - HPPC - - electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - HPPC - electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load + + + + + IsentropicCompressibility + IsentropicCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 + 5-5.2 - - - CompositeMaterial - CompositeMaterial + + + + + Extrusion + Extrusion - + + + + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + + + - - ReactivePower - Imaginary part of the complex power. - ReactivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 - 6-60 - Imaginary part of the complex power. + + + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 + 9-27.3 - + + + + + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + + + + + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + + + + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EntropyPerAmountUnit - EntropyPerAmountUnit + PerTimeMassUnit + PerTimeMassUnit - - - - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + + + BlueStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeQuark + + + + + + + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. + + + + + + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). +A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + + + + + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - - - - + + + - - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - - - - - - UTF8 - UTF8 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deduction + IndexSemiosis + Deduction - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - GreenAntiQuark - GreenAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationSystem - - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - CharacterisationSystem - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Measuring system + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson @@ -16670,165 +15556,424 @@ NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard.measuring system - - + + + + DrawForms + DrawForms + + + + + + SamplePreparationInstrument + + SamplePreparationInstrument + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharmQuark + CharmQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + + + + + + MutualInductance + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + MutualInductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 + 6-41.2 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + + + + GapEnergy + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + BandgapEnergy + GapEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 + 12-27.2 + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + + + + + + TotalCurrent + Sum of electric current and displacement current + TotalCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 + 6-19.2 + Sum of electric current and displacement current + + + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + VolumeUnit + VolumeUnit + + + + + + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Plus + Plus + + + + + + + NuclidicMass + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + NuclidicMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 + 10-4.2 + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + + + + + + + + + + + + + ParticleSourceDensity + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + ParticleSourceDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 + 10-66 + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + + + + - - - 1 + + - + + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 + 12-2.2 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + + + + + + - - - 2 + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron + + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - + + + + + ShearStrain + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + ShearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 + 4-17.3 + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 + + + + + Person + Person + + + + + + + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + + + - + - - DecayConstant - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - DisintegrationConstant - DecayConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 - 10-24 - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 + + DoseEquivalent + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent + 10-83.1 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + + + + InternalEnergy + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy + 5.20-2 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - - - + + + + + + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + JosephsonConstantUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit + + + + + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson + + + + - - + + + + + + + + - Coupled - Coupled + FirstGenerationFermion + FirstGenerationFermion - + - - - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 - 9-36.1 + + ElectricCurrentPhasor + ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 + 6-49 - - - - - - - - - - - MagneticDipoleMoment - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: + + + + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + - W = g μ M B + + + + Osmometry + + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + + + + SandMolds + SandMolds + --- ISO 80000 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + + + FormingFromPowder + FormingFromPowder + - ΔW = −μ · B - MagneticDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - 10-9.1 - 6-30 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + RightHandedParticle + RightHandedParticle + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + PerAmountUnit + PerAmountUnit + - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + + + + + LinearIonization + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + LinearIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 + 10-58 + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - - - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + + + + + + T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuark - UpQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark + + + + + MassConcentrationOfWater + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. + MassConcentrationOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 + 5-27 + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - + + + + FormingBlasting + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + Umformstrahlen + FormingBlasting + + + - - - - - 1 - - - - + - + @@ -16836,81 +15981,137 @@ where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear m - - - - + + + + - Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - Measurand - Quantity - https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - length -Rockwell C hardness -electric resistance - measurand - quantity - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - + - - GroupVelocity - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - GroupSpeed - GroupVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity - 3-23.2 - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity + + + LogarithmicDecrement + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + LogarithmicDecrement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 + 3-25 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - + - + + + + + + - DragForce - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - DragForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 - 4-9.6 - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DynamicViscosity + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + Viscosity + DynamicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 + 4-24 + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 - - - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + + + + + GrueneisenParamter + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + GrueneisenParamter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 + 12-14 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - + + + + + + + T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + + + - - SpecificEnergyImparted - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - SpecificEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 - 10-81.2 - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + + TotalAngularMomentum + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + TotalAngularMomentum + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 + 10-11 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + + + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + PerTemperatureUnit + PerTemperatureUnit + + + + + + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MathematicalConstruct + MathematicalConstruct + + + + + RedUpAntiQuark + RedUpAntiQuark @@ -16926,497 +16127,472 @@ A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - RedStrangeAntiQuark - RedStrangeAntiQuark + + + + DCPolarography + + If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. + This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). + Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by dif- fusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode + DCPolarography + linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - + - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - AngularFrequencyUnit - AngularFrequencyUnit + + + + MassFlow + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + MassFlow + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 + 4-30.1 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - + + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PerAreaUnit - PerAreaUnit - - - - - - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - - - - - GluonType5 - GluonType5 + AmountConcentrationUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit - + - - - - - - - + - DiffusionArea - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - DiffusionArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 - 10-72.2 - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - - - Determined - Determined - - - - - - - - - - - - - PositionVector - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - Position - PositionVector - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + ResonanceEscapeProbability + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 + 10-68 + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - + - - - - - T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaPerMassUnit - AreaPerMassUnit + + + DonorDensity + Number of donor levels per volume. + DonorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 + 12-29.4 + Number of donor levels per volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson + + + + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + STM + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + + + RedTopAntiQuark + RedTopAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeBoson - CompositeBoson - Examples of composite particles with integer spin: -spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion -spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson -spin 2: O15 in ground state. + + + OrdinalQuantity + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + OrdinalQuantity + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Hardness +Resilience + ordinal quantity - + - - + - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - InductanceUnit - InductanceUnit - - - - - - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + ParticleFluenceRate + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + ParticleFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 + 10-44 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - - - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + + + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + DIN 8580:2020 + Urformen + PrimitiveForming + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - + - - - - - T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + + OxidationNumber + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + OxidationState + OxidationNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - - - SquareWaveVoltammetry - - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - OSWV - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - SWV - SquareWaveVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + ChargeNumber + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. + The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. + IonizationNumber + ChargeNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number + 10-5.2 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 - - - - - - - - - - - - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + + + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - - - - Nexafs - - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + + + + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. - + - - Probe + + HPPC - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - Probe - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. - In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. - In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) - In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). - In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TopAntiQuark - TopAntiQuark + electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + HPPC + electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load - - - - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + + + + + DragForce + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DragForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 + 4-9.6 + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - + - - SparkPlasmaSintering - SparkPlasmaSintering + + Cleaning + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + Cleaning - - - BlueCharmAntiQuark - BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + + DoseEquivalentRate + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + DoseEquivalentRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 + 10-83.2 + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - - - - NuclearMagneticResonance - - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - NMR - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + + + + + + + + + + AbsorbedDoseRate + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + AbsorbedDoseRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 + 10-84 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - + - - + + + + + + + LatticeVector + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + LatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 + 12-1.1 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - KermaRate - Time derivative of kerma. - KermaRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 - 10-86.2 - Time derivative of kerma. + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + CausalChain + Elementary + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. + hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) - + + + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + - T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - InversePermittivityUnit - InversePermittivityUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit - - - - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + + + RedTopQuark + RedTopQuark - + - - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + + CharacterisationComponent - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + CharacterisationComponent - - - - - WaveVector - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - WaveVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 - 3-21 - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component + A constituent of a system. + Component + A constituent of a system. - + - GreenTopAntiQuark - GreenTopAntiQuark - - - - - - - LongRangeOrderParameter - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - LongRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 - 12-5.2 - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - - - - - - IsobaricHeatCapacity - Heat capacity at constant pressure. - HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure - IsobaricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 - 5-16.2 - Heat capacity at constant pressure. + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - + - + - ActivityDensity - Activity per unit volume of the sample. - ActivityConcentration - VolumetricActivity - VolumicActivity - ActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 - 10-29 - Activity per unit volume of the sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 + 10-30 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - - - - - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - FermiAnglularRepetency - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 - 12-9.2 - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + Integer + An integer number. + Integer + An integer number. - - - - - AngularWavenumber - Magnitude of the wave vector. - AngularRepetency - AngularWavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 - 3-22 - Magnitude of the wave vector. + + + + Letter + Letter + + + + + + Foaming + Foaming + + + + + + FormingFromLiquid + FormingFromLiquid @@ -17428,13 +16604,27 @@ spin 2: O15 in ground state. A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - - - - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + + + + + NeelTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + NeelTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 + 12-35.2 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + + + + + + MembraneOsmometry + + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. @@ -17448,424 +16638,221 @@ spin 2: O15 in ground state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language - - - - - MultiplicationFactor - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - MultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 - 10-78.1 - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - - - + - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - - - - - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + ElementalMolecule + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Hydrogen molecule (H₂). - - - - Strain - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - Strain - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain - 4-17.1 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + + + + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + PseudoOCV + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - - - - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 - 9-35.1 + + + + DataAcquisitionRate + + Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantify the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - + - QualityFactor - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 - 6-53 - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondGenerationFermion - SecondGenerationFermion - - - - - - - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 - 12-2.1 - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - - - - - - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - SQL, SPARQL - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language - - - - - - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - AdSV - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. - Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance - MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - - - - ElectronMass - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SemioticObject - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. - -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - Object - SemioticObject - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - - - - - - VaporDeposition - VaporDeposition + PowerFactor + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + PowerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 + 6-58 + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - - - + + - - - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - MetrologicalUncertainty - In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. - MetrologicalUncertainty - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - - Standard deviation -- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + + + + + + + + + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 + 10-51 + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - - - - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + + + + + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - + - - Dielectrometry + + CyclicVoltammetry - Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. - The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field - Dielectrometry - electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field + Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemi- cal/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. + Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switch- ing potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. + The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. + The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate + CV + CyclicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cycli- cally between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + + + + ReactionEnergy + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + ReactionEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 + 10-37.1 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + + + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit - + - - - CountingUnit - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - CountingUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM - 1 - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - Unit of atomic number -Unit of number of cellular -Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics - + + ConventionalProperty + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + ConventionalProperty + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - - - - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. - - - - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - + - - Weight - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight - 4-9.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - - - - - - PowderCoating - PowderCoating - - - - - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + + + InternalConversionFactor + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + InternalConversionCoefficient + InternalConversionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 + 10-35 + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - + - - PostProcessingModel + + PulsedElectroacousticMethod - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - - - - - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - - - - - - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - + - - DataAnalysis - - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + ChargeDistribution + + ChargeDistribution - - - - - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - A student during an examination. + + + + LaserCutting + LaserCutting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StandaloneAtom - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - StandaloneAtom - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + + + + + RelativeLinearStrain + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + RelativeLinearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 + 4-17.2 + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + + + + Determined + Determined @@ -17890,2018 +16877,2851 @@ Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanicshttps://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 - - - - + + + + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + CSV + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + + + + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + Riveting + Riveting + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RedAntiQuark + RedAntiQuark + + + + + - - T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - - - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + + + + ReferenceSample + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + ReferenceSpecimen + Certified Reference Material + Reference material + ReferenceSample + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Reference material - + - - - RelativeMassDensity - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - RelativeDensity - RelativeMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 - 4-4 - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + + + HoleDensity + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + HoleDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 + 12-29.2 + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + + + + + + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + DSC + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + + + + Fractography + + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture .Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + + + + + OpticalTesting + + OpticalTesting - + - - MolarEnthalpy - MolarEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 - Enthalpy per amount of substance. - 9-6.2 + + IonTransportNumber + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + CurrentFraction + TransferrenceNumber + IonTransportNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 + 9-46 + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 - + - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AreaPerMassUnit + AreaPerMassUnit - + - - - - - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - DensityUnit - DensityUnit + + + FastFissionFactor + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + FastFissionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 + 10-75 + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - + + + + + KineticFrictionForce + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + DynamicFrictionForce + KineticFrictionForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 + 4-9.4 + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + + + - T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit - + + + + Ablation + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + Abtragen + Ablation + + + - - + - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricResistanceUnit - ElectricResistanceUnit + + + + ThermalDiffusivity + ThermalDiffusionCoefficient + ThermalDiffusivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 + 5-14 - - - - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + + + + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - - - - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - EDS - EDX - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + + + ParallelWorkflow + ParallelWorkflow - - - - Porosimetry - - Porosimetry + + + + ActivePower + Average power over a period. + ActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 + 6-56 + Average power over a period. - + - - LarmonFrequency - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - LarmonFrequency - 10-15.2 - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - - - - - - - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. + + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - + - - - HoleDensity - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - HoleDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 - 12-29.2 - Number of holes in valence band per volume. + + + Kerma + Kinetic energy released per mass. + Kerma + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 + 10-86.1 + Kinetic energy released per mass. - + - - - VacuumElectricPermittivity - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - PermittivityOfVacuum - VacuumElectricPermittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum - 6-14.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - - - - - - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + + + NucleonNumber + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + MassNumber + NucleonNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number + 10-1.3 + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 - + - - KineticEnergy - The energy of an object due to its motion. - KineticEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy - 4-28.2 - The energy of an object due to its motion. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + + + + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + EntropyPerMassUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit - + - - ActivePower - Average power over a period. - ActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 - 6-56 - Average power over a period. + + DampingCoefficient + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + DampingCoefficient + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 + 3-24 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - + - + - - - MassAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 - 10-50 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + + + AmountOfSubstance + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + +-- SI Brochure + The number of elementary entities present. + AmountOfSubstance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance + 9-2 + The number of elementary entities present. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - - - - - TotalCrossSection - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - TotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 - 10-38.2 - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + + + WNegativeBoson + WNegativeBoson - + - + + + + ModulusOfRigidity + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + ShearModulus + ModulusOfRigidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 + 4-19.2 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 + + + + - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 - 10-38.1 - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 + 10-49 + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - - - - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. + + + + + RybergConstant + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - + - T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit - + - - OxidationNumber - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - OxidationState - OxidationNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 + + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 + 10-13.6 + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - + - - - ChargeNumber - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. - The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. - IonizationNumber - ChargeNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number - 10-5.2 - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 + + Solubility + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. + Solubility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 - + - - FiberboardManufacturing - FiberboardManufacturing + + IsothermalConversion + IsothermalConversion - - - - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Declaration + ConventionalSemiosis + Declaration - - - - Planing - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - Hobeln - Planing + + + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - - - - RawSample - - RawSample + + + + + + + + + + + Radioactivity + Decays per unit time. + RadioactiveActivity + Radioactivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + Decays per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - + - - XrdGrazingIncidence + ResourceIdentifier - XrdGrazingIncidence + ResourceIdentifier - - - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + + + + + T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - - + + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentUnit - ElectricCurrentUnit + PermittivityUnit + PermittivityUnit - + - - ReactionSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - ReactionSintering + + PowderCoating + PowderCoating - - - - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - DIN 8580:2020 - Urformen - PrimitiveForming - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + + + + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 + 5-10.2 + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - + + + + + + + + + + + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + ThermalTransmittance + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 + 5-10.1 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + + + - - TensileTesting + + LevelOfAutomation - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - TensionTest - TensileTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + Describes the level of automation of the test. + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. - + + + + + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + + + - - - StaticFrictionForce - StaticFriction - StaticFrictionForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 - 4-9.3 + + Heat + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + AmountOfHeat + Heat + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat + 5-6.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - - - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + + + + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + + + + + + + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + GrandPartionFunction + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 + 9-35.3 + + + + + + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + + + + + + FormingFromPulp + FormingFromPulp + + + + + + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + + + + + ContinuousCasting + ContinuousCasting + + + + + + Casting + Casting + + + + + + TotalCurrentDensity + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + TotalCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 + 6-20 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharmAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark - - - - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + + GreenTopAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark - - - - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Code - SoftwareCode - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticPotentialUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit - - + + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - PerLengthTemperatureUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - + - - - DragCoefficient - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - DragFactor - DragCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 - 4-23.4 - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + + + + + T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ForcePerLengthUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit - - - - - - BeginTile - BeginTile + + + + + SuperconductorEnergyGap + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 + 12-37 + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - + - - PrimaryData + + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Baseline subtraction - Noise reduction - X and Y axes correction + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + NSE + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants + + + + + + ShearCutting + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + Scherschneiden + ShearCutting + + + - T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - MassPerLengthUnit - MassPerLengthUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - SIMS - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + + BlueTopAntiQuark + BlueTopAntiQuark - + + + + Enthalpy + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy + 5.20-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + + + - - ACVoltammetry + + Dielectrometry - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - ACV - ACVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. + The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field + Dielectrometry + electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - + + + + + BohrRadius + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + BohrRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 + 10-6 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 + + + + + - - - - - - + + + T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Holistic - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - Wholistic - Holistic - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + + + + + MeanDurationOfLife + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + MeanLifeTime + MeanDurationOfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 + 10-25 + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. - A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. + + + + + + + + + + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - + - + - - DoseEquivalent - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent - 10-83.1 - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - - - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - NonIntentionalProcess - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 + 10-41 + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - - - + + + + - - + + T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - ThermalDiffusivity - ThermalDiffusionCoefficient - ThermalDiffusivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 - 5-14 + + InverseSquareMassUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit - - - - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - C++ - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + + + + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - + - - - Bending - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - Bending + + Pressing + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + Anpressen + Pressing - - - AmorphousMaterial - NonCrystallineMaterial - AmorphousMaterial + + + + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - - - - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. - The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiNeutrinoType + AntiNeutrinoType - + - - - ResonanceEnergy - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - ResonanceEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 - 10-37.2 - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + + + + + T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + IlluminanceTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit - - - ResourceIdentifier - - ResourceIdentifier - + + + + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - LiquidPhaseSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - LiquidPhaseSintering +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - GreenBottomAntiQuark - GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + CrystallineMaterial + Suggestion of Rickard Armiento + CrystallineMaterial - - + + - - * + + - - Multiplication - Multiplication - - - - - - - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - - - - - - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + HallCoefficient + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + HallCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 + 12-19 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StandaloneAtom + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + StandaloneAtom + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - - - - - SlowingDownArea - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - SlowingDownArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 - 10-72.1 - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + + + + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud - + - - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MagnetomotiveForce - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - MagnetomotiveForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 - 6-37.3 - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + + AreaUnit + AreaUnit - - - + + + + - - + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - 3DArray - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + + MassUnit + MassUnit - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - SpecificEntropy - SpecificEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 - 5-19 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coded + A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + +For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. + Coded + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. + The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - - - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopQuark + TopQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark - + - ElectronAntiNeutrino - ElectronAntiNeutrino + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuarkType + DownAntiQuarkType - + - + + ElectricPolarization + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricPolarization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 + 6-7 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + + + + - NucleonNumber - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - MassNumber - NucleonNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number - 10-1.3 - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 + 9-29 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + + + + + + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + Phase + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + + + + + + T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + + + + + + + Bending + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + Bending - + - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + ThermalResistanceUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit + -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + + + + + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 + 10-78.2 + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + + + + IonChromatography + + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + + + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + + + + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze + Tieftemperaturbehandeln + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - + - - - PreparedSample + + + + + + + + + PhysicsOfInteraction - The sample after a preparation process. - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. - - - - - RedUpQuark - RedUpQuark + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - + - + - AngularAcceleration - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - AngularAcceleration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration - 3-13 - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration + ReciprocalDuration + InverseDuration + InverseTime + ReciprocalTime + ReciprocalDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 - - - - ICI - - electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - ICI - electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiQuark + AntiQuark - + + + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + - - - NeelTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - NeelTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 - 12-35.2 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + + + CouplingFactor + InductiveCouplingFactor + CouplingFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 + 6-42.1 - - - BlueCharmQuark - BlueCharmQuark + + + + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - + + + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson + + + + - RefractiveIndex - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + + RelativeHumidity + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. + RelativeHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 + 5-33 + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity - - - - MagneticQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - MagneticQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 - 10-13.4 - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + + + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - + - + - - Mobility - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - Mobility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 - 10-61 - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 + + ScalarMagneticPotential + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ScalarMagneticPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 + 6-37.1 + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - - - - - - = - - - - - Equals - The equals symbol. - Equals - The equals symbol. + + + + ThermochemicalTreatment + ThermochemicalTreatment - + - - Rolling - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - Walzen - Rolling + + Soldering + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + Löten + Soldering - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticFluxUnit - MagneticFluxUnit + MassPerLengthUnit + MassPerLengthUnit - - + + + + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + + + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + + + + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + NonIntentionalProcess + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - BurgersVector - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - BurgersVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 - 12-6 - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - - - - - - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language - + - - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + + Exafs - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - GITT - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response - - - - - - TotalCurrent - Sum of electric current and displacement current - TotalCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 - 6-19.2 - Sum of electric current and displacement current + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. +When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. +When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - ForceAreaUnit - ForceAreaUnit + DiffusivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit - - - - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + + RestEnergy + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + RestEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 + 10-3 + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy - - - - - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + + + LeftHandedParticle + LeftHandedParticle - + - - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - + - - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - ElementalMolecule - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - - - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - NeutralWeakBoson - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + + + + + + + + + T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + + + + + + LiquidPhaseSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + LiquidPhaseSintering - + + + + + ElectrolyticConductivity + ElectrolyticConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 + 9-44 + + + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - - Drilling - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - Bohren - Drilling - - - - - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + PerAreaTimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit - + - - - Attenuation - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - Extinction - Attenuation - 3-26.1 - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + TimeUnit + TimeUnit - + - - - RestEnergy - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - RestEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 - 10-3 - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + VolumePerAmountUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit - + - - - AmountFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + + + + + + + + + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 + 10-4.3 + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 - + - + - - + + + + + + + - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - ChargedWeakBoson - IntermediateVectorBoson - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + BottomQuark + BottomQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark - + - - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 - 10-13.6 - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + Activity + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + Activity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 + 10-27 + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 - - - - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + + + + + + + + + + + SeebeckCoefficient + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + SeebeckCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 + 12-21 + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + 10-1.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + + + + + + CeramicSintering + CeramicSintering + + + - T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerAreaUnit - PowerAreaUnit - - - - - - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit - + + - - QualityFactor - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 - 10-82 - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + NuclearRadius + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + NuclearRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 + 10-19.1 + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + + + + + GreenCharmQuark + GreenCharmQuark - + + + + ConfocalMicroscopy + + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + + + - T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - MassPerLengthTimeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - + + + + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. + + + + + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + + + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + + + + + + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + + + - - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - - - - - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 - 10-15.3 - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalStructure - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - CausalObject - CausalStructure - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + + + GluonType1 + GluonType1 - - - - - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + + CountingUnit + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + CountingUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM + 1 + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics - + - - - InternalConversionFactor - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - InternalConversionCoefficient - InternalConversionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 - 10-35 - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + + + + + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + DensityUnit + DensityUnit - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - - - - PackingFraction - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - PackingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 - 10-23.1 - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - - + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountTemperatureUnit - AmountTemperatureUnit + PermeabilityUnit + PermeabilityUnit - - + + + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock. + + + + + + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit - - - - - Kerma - Kinetic energy released per mass. - Kerma - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 - 10-86.1 - Kinetic energy released per mass. + + + + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. + The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - + - - DynamicViscosity - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - Viscosity - DynamicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 - 4-24 - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 + + + MagneticFlux + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + MagneticFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux + 6-22.1 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - + - + + - - - - - - + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - 10-1.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - + - - Admittance - Inverse of the impendance. - ComplexAdmittance - Admittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance - 6-52.1 - Inverse of the impendance. + + + + + T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - - - - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - Product - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + + + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + DTA + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - - - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + + + + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeQuark + StrangeQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark + + + - + - Luminance - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - - - - - - - DeepDrawing - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - Tiefziehen - DeepDrawing + ChemicalPotential + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential + 9-17 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - + + + + - MathematicalConstruct - MathematicalConstruct - - - - - - ModulusOfImpedance - ModulusOfImpedance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 - 6-51.4 - - - - - - Assemblying - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - The act of connecting together the parts of something - Assemblying - The act of connecting together the parts of something - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + + + + + + + + + + + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - ComplexPower - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - ComplexApparentPower - ComplexPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 - 6-59 - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpQuark + UpQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + Planing + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + Hobeln + Planing - + - MechanicalEfficiency - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - MechanicalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 - 4-29 - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + RelativeMassDensity + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + RelativeDensity + RelativeMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 + 4-4 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 - + - - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - - - - - - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. + + + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + EBSD + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - - - - - - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + + + + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + SEM + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - + - + - - - Exposure - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - Exposure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 - 10-88 - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + + GaugePressure + GaugePressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 + 4-14.2 - - - - Profilometry - - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - Profilometry - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - - - - - HelmholtzEnergy - HelmholtzFreeEnergy - HelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 - 5-20.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + + + + + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - - - - + + + - - T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + - - IlluminanceTimeUnit - IlluminanceTimeUnit - + + + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - - - - - - - T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ForcePerLengthUnit - ForcePerLengthUnit +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - - + + - T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - - - - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + + + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - - + + - - + + - - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + + + ThermalConductance + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + ThermalConductance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 + 5-13 + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - + + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + + + - - - - + + + + - MathematicalModel - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - MathematicalModel - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + + + + MeasurementParameter + + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal - + - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ElectricMobilityUnit - ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - + + + + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. + + + + + + + VolumeFraction + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + VolumeFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction + 9-14 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomAntiQuark + BottomAntiQuark + + + + + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + + + + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + - + - ChemicalPotential - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential - 9-17 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + + ExposureRate + Time derivative of exposure. + ExposureRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 + 10-89 + Time derivative of exposure. - - - - - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 + + + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - + - - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + + Filling + Filling - - - - CeramicSintering - CeramicSintering + + + + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - - - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + + + + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - + - - Solubility - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. - Solubility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 + + + TotalIonization + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + TotalIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 + 10-59 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - + - - - MolarInternalEnergy - Internal energy per amount of substance. - MolarInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 - 9-6.1 - Internal energy per amount of substance. + + + StaticFrictionCoefficient + CoefficientOfStaticFriction + StaticFrictionFactor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 + 4-23.1 - - - - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + + AtomicScatteringFactor + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + AtomicScatteringFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 + 12-5.3 + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + + + + + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson - - - - - HardwareManufacturer - - HardwareManufacturer + + + + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - - - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + + + + + + + + + + Acceleration + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration + 3-9.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - + - - HardwareModel + + DynamicLightScattering - HardwareModel + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + DLS + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - + - - - DebyeWallerFactor - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - DebyeWallerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 - 12-8 - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - - + + + + + SlowingDownArea + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + SlowingDownArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 + 10-72.1 + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + + + + - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MomentumUnit - MomentumUnit + LengthMassUnit + LengthMassUnit - + - T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassAreaUnit - MassAreaUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit - + + + + CompressiveForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + lasciano tensioni residue di compressione + Druckumformen + CompressiveForming + + + + + + ApparentPower + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + ApparentPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 + 6-57 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + + + - RightHandedParticle - RightHandedParticle + ElementaryFermion + ElementaryFermion + + + + + + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + + electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response + GITT + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 + electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response + + + + + + InterferenceFitting + InterferenceFitting @@ -19919,7 +19739,44 @@ Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter - + + + + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + + + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + + + + RedDownQuark + RedDownQuark + + + + + + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 + 10-13.8 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + + + @@ -19927,1033 +19784,1217 @@ Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + - - SectionModulus - SectionModulus - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 - 4-22 + + Volume + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + 3-4 - + - - - DisplacementVector - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - DisplacementVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 - 12-7.3 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + + + + + + + + Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + Illuminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 + + + + + + SystemUnit + SystemUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + BohrMagneton + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + BohrMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 + 10-9.2 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + + + + + + + + BeginTile + BeginTile - - - - - TotalAngularMomentum - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - TotalAngularMomentum - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 - 10-11 - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + + + + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - + - GreenUpAntiQuark - GreenUpAntiQuark + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton - + - ProcessingReproducibility + + DataAnalysis - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - ProcessingReproducibility - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - - - - - - InjectionMolding - InjectionMolding + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - ChemicalSubstance - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. -e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). + + StructureFactor + Mathematical description in crystallography. + StructureFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 + 12-5.4 + Mathematical description in crystallography. - - - - - ShortRangeOrderParameter - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - ShortRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 - 12-5.1 - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + + + + + Moulding + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + Gesenkformen + Moulding - + - - - ThermalUtilizationFactor - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 - 10-76 - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + + + NumberOfEntities + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + NumberOfEntities + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 + 9-1 + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 - - - PhysicalyUnbonded - PhysicalyUnbonded + + + + Nailing + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + Nageln + Nailing - - - - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + + + + RefractiveIndex + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - - - - FormingFromPulp - FormingFromPulp + + + + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + JSON, YAML, XML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages - - + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit - - + + - - + + / - - MeasurementResult - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - MeasurementResult - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + + Division + Division + --- VIM - measurement result - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. + + + + + + + T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - + - - RotationalFrequency - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - RotationalFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 - 3-17.2 - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + + + + + + Grinding + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + Schleifen + Grinding - + + + + UndefinedEdgeCutting + Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden + UndefinedEdgeCutting + + + - T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassStoppingPowerUnit - MassStoppingPowerUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit - - - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + + + + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - + + + + Rolling + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + Walzen + Rolling + + + + + + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - NonLeakageProbability - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - NonLeakageProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 - 10-77 - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - + - - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + + + StandardAmountConcentration + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + StandardConcentration + StandardMolarConcentration + StandardAmountConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + 9-12.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 - - - - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - Real part of the admittance. - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 - 6-52.2 - Real part of the admittance. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - - - - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - + - + - - - AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - AbsorbedDose - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - 10-81.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - - - - - - RelativePermeability - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - RelativePermeability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 - 6-27 - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 + ElectricFieldStrength + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + ElectricFieldStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 + 6-10 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - + - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + + RadiantFlux + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - + - - SpecificEnthalpy - Enthalpy per unit mass. - SpecificEnthalpy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 - 5-21.3 - Enthalpy per unit mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - - + + - CharacterisationEnvironment - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - CharacterisationEnvironment - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + + + CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + + + + + + Dilatometry + + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + + + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - - - - - CanonicalPartitionFunction - CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 - 9-35.2 + + + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + derived quantity - + - - + + + + + + - - LuminousIntensity - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity - 7-14 - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - - - - - - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + AtomicMass + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + AtomicMass + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + 10-4.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - - - - - LondonPenetrationDepth - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - LondonPenetrationDepth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 - 12-38.1 - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + + + RedCharmQuark + RedCharmQuark - + - - - ExchangeIntegral - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - ExchangeIntegral - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 - 12-34 - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 + 5-21.4 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - + - - ConfocalMicroscopy + + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - - - - - - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. + The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential + EIS + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Flanging - Flanging + + + PolymericMaterial + PolymericMaterial - - - - FormingJoin - FormingJoin + + + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + A unique id attached to an entity. - - - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - ReferenceMaterial - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - - - - - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 - 10-34 - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + + HardwareManufacturer + + HardwareManufacturer - - - - - ResidualResistivity - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - ResidualResistivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 - 12-17 - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + + + + HardwareModel + + HardwareModel - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 - 12-2.2 - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + + + + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - + + + + TransferMolding + TransferMolding + + + - - MigrationLength - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - MigrationLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 - 10-73.3 - Square root of the migration area, M^2. + + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 + 10-74.2 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - - - - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + + + + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - + + + + SizeDefinedMaterial + SizeDefinedMaterial + + + - + - - PoyntingVector - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - PoyntingVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 - 6-34 - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + + + SlowingDownDensity + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + SlowingDownDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 + 10-67 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - + - - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. - - - - - - + - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - - - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + Unix shell. +Batch programming languages. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - - - - - - - - - - - PlanckFunction - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - PlanckFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 - 5-23 - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + + + BlueTopQuark + BlueTopQuark - + - - - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + + + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 + 10-33 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + + + + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - + - + - RecombinationCoefficient - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - RecombinationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 - 10-63 - Coefficient in the law of recombination, + NuclearMagneton + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + NuclearMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 + 10-9.3 + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 - - - - - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RedQuark + RedQuark - + - - - NumberOfEntities - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - NumberOfEntities - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 - 9-1 - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + + + RelativePermittivity + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + RelativePermittivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 + 6-15 + Permittivity divided by electric constant. - - - - HotDipGalvanizing - Hot-dipGalvanizing - HotDipGalvanizing + + + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + CatalyticActivityUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit - + - + - - JouleThomsonCoefficient - JouleThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 - 5-24 + + MassAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 + 10-50 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - - - - RadiantFlux - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + + + + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + DMA + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - - - - - Activity - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - Activity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 - 10-27 - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + + + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - - - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SecondGenerationFermion + SecondGenerationFermion - + - RedTopAntiQuark - RedTopAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark - + - - - LossFactor - Inverse of the quality factor. - LossFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 - 6-54 - Inverse of the quality factor. + + + LevelWidth + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + LevelWidth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 + 10-26 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 - + - - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - QuenchingAndTempering - Vergüten - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + Welding + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + Schweißen + Welding - - + + + + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + + + + + + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + + + + + - - - - - - + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + - SolidMixture - SolidMixture + ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit + + + + + GreenTopQuark + GreenTopQuark + + + + + + + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + + + + + + + PropagationCoefficient + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + PropagationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 + 3-26.3 + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + + + + + + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - + + + + CentrifugalCasting + CentrifugalCasting + + + + + + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + + + - T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AmountConductivityUnit - AmountConductivityUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalLatticeVector - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - FundamentalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 - 12-1.2 - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + + + + Electroplating + Electroplating - - - BlueBottomAntiQuark - BlueBottomAntiQuark + + + + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + ContinuumManufacturing + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - + - T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + PerAreaUnit + PerAreaUnit - + + + + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + + + - - - KineticFrictionForce - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - DynamicFrictionForce - KineticFrictionForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 - 4-9.4 - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + + + ReactorTimeConstant + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + ReactorTimeConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 + 10-79 + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - EnergyUnit - EnergyUnit + AmountUnit + AmountUnit - + + + RedCharmAntiQuark + RedCharmAntiQuark + + + - - - - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaPerTimeUnit - AreaPerTimeUnit + + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + AreicElectricCharge + SurfaceChargeDensity + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 + 6-4 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - + - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + CausallHairedSystem + CausallHairedSystem - - - - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivity + Property of a solute in a solution. + StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 + 9-26 + Property of a solute in a solution. - + + + + MetallicPowderSintering + MetallicPowderSintering + + + - T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - MassPerTimeUnit - MassPerTimeUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - + + + + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik + + + + + + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + C++ + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeFermion + CompositeFermion + Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + + + + + AmorphousMaterial + NonCrystallineMaterial + AmorphousMaterial + + + - - - RawData + + FibDic - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - RawData - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. - In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + + + + + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - PowerUnit - PowerUnit - - - - - - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - - - GluonType6 - GluonType6 + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + AreaTemperatureUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + + + + CharacterisedSample + + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process @@ -20971,715 +21012,668 @@ It defines the base unit second in the SI system.Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - + - - + - - T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - - - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + + + SurfaceTension + 4-26 + SurfaceTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 - + - - Irradiate - Irradiate - - - - - - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. - - - - - - - Spin - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - Spin - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 - 10-10 - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - - - - InspectionDevice - InspectionDevice + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuark + DownAntiQuark - + - - - NuclidicMass - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - NuclidicMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 - 10-4.2 - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 - - - - - - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. - - - - - Quantum - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - Quantum - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. -However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + + Strain + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Strain + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain + 4-17.1 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - - - - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - - - - - - - - - - - ExposureRate - Time derivative of exposure. - ExposureRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 - 10-89 - Time derivative of exposure. + + + + Ellipsometry + + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric +properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is +the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the +light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic +layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique +can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric +properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is +the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the +light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic +layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique +can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - + - T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerLengthTimeUnit - PerLengthTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - + - + - - Momentum - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum - 4-8 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + VolumicElectromagneticEnergy + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 + 6-33 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - + + + + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino + + + + + + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + + + + Porosimetry + + Porosimetry + + + - + - - MomentOfIntertia - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - MomentOfIntertia - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 - 4-7 - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - - - - - - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + + VolumicTotalCrossSection + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + VolumicTotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 + 10-42.2 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - - + + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricConductanceUnit - ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit - - - - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + + + + ShearOrTorsionTesting + + ShearOrTorsionTesting - - - - PlasmaCutting - PlasmaCutting + + + + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + SIMS + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - - - - - - - - - - SpecificActivity - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - MassicActivity - SpecificActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 - 10-28 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 + + + + WorkpieceForming + A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + ArchetypeForming + PrimitiveForming + WorkpieceForming - - - + + + + - - + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - AmountOfSubstance - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + + AccelerationUnit + AccelerationUnit + --- SI Brochure - The number of elementary entities present. - AmountOfSubstance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance - 9-2 - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - - HalfValueThickness - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - HalfValueThickness - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 - 10-53 - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + EnergyPerAmountUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit - - - - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + + + GluonType4 + GluonType4 - + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - ElectricChargeUnit - ElectricChargeUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit - + + - - ShearStrain - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - ShearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 - 4-17.3 - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 + Degenerency + Multiplicity + Degenerency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 + 9-36.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - - - + + + + - - + + T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - GaugePressure - GaugePressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 - 4-14.2 + + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - - - - - - - - - Tessellation - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - Tiling - Tessellation - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + + + + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script - + + + + + ExchangeIntegral + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + ExchangeIntegral + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 + 12-34 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + + + - - - - - - - - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 - 10-40 - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + + PackingFraction + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + PackingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 + 10-23.1 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - - - BlueDownQuark - BlueDownQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalParticle + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + CausalParticle + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - + + + + LinearScanVoltammetry + + LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. + The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. + The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. + LSV + LinearPolarization + LinearSweepVoltammetry + LinearScanVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Broadcast + Broadcast + + + - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - PressurePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargeUnit + ElectricChargeUnit - + - + - - - - - - - + + - ElectronType - ElectronType - - - - - - UndefinedEdgeCutting - Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden - UndefinedEdgeCutting - - - - - - - - - T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - SectionAreaIntegralUnit + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + PhysicallyInteractingConvex - - - - InterferenceFitting - InterferenceFitting + + + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - - - - + + + - - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - ReciprocalMassUnit - ReciprocalMassUnit - - - - - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - EnvironmentalData - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - - - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + GluonType5 + GluonType5 - - + + - - + + - - - MassChangeRate - Mass increment per time. - MassChangeRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 - 4-30.3 - Mass increment per time. - - - - - - - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 - 10-60 - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + 3DArray + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - + - - - GapEnergy - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - BandgapEnergy - GapEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 - 12-27.2 - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + Real part of the impedance. + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 + 6-51.2 + Real part of the impedance. - + - T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricPotentialUnit - ElectricPotentialUnit + + + + CoulometricTitration + + Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. + The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point + CoulometricTitration + titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point - + + + + XrdGrazingIncidence + + XrdGrazingIncidence + + + - T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - SexticLengthUnit - SexticLengthUnit - - - - - - ElectricPolarization - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - ElectricPolarization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 - 6-7 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - - - - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - - - - - - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 - 5-21.4 - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + LuminousIntensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit - + - + - - CelsiusTemperature - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - CelsiusTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature - 5-2 - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + ParticleCurrentDensity + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + ParticleCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 + 10-48 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - + - - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + + XrayPowderDiffraction - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - DSC - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - - - - GreenDownAntiQuark - GreenDownAntiQuark + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + XRPD + XrayPowderDiffraction + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - + - - - ElectrolyticConductivity - ElectrolyticConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 - 9-44 + + + ParticleEmissionRate + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ParticleEmissionRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 + 10-36 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - - + + - - + + - - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorization - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + + + LinearMassDensity + Mass per length. + LinearDensity + LineicMass + LinearMassDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 + 4-6 + Mass per length. - - - - SpinQuantumNumber - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - SpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 - 10-13.5 - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + + + + + + + + + + + + Semiotics + Semiotics - - + + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + PerPressureUnit + PerPressureUnit - + - - - Extrusion - Extrusion + + FlameCutting + FlameCutting @@ -21688,41 +21682,50 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe GreenStrangeQuark - - - - - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + + + + + + + + + + + + + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + base unit - - + + - T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - EnergyAreaUnit - EnergyAreaUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - + - + - + - + - + @@ -21730,1081 +21733,998 @@ Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature diffe - AntiNeutrinoType - AntiNeutrinoType - - - - - - DisplacementCurrent - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - DisplacementCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 - 6-19.1 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + FundamentalInteraction + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + FundamentalInteraction + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - - - - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - AreicElectricCharge - SurfaceChargeDensity - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 - 6-4 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 + + + + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. - + - - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + + GroupVelocity + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + GroupSpeed + GroupVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity + 3-23.2 + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity - + - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - - - - - - - ParticlePositionVector - Position vector of a particle. - ParticlePositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 - 12-7.1 - Position vector of a particle. - - - - - - - - - - - - - SurfaceActivityDensity - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - SurfaceActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 - 10-30 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - - - - - - - ActivityCoefficient - ActivityCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 - 9-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 + GreenDownAntiQuark + GreenDownAntiQuark - + - - - PhaseAngle - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - PhaseAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 - 3-7 - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + + + + + + + + + SpecificGasConstant + SpecificGasConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 + 5-26 - + - T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassFluxUnit - MassFluxUnit + SquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit - - - - - MeanLinearRange - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - MeanLinearRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 - 10-56 - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 + + + + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 - + - - - - - T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + + CurrentLinkage + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + CurrentLinkage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 + 6-37.4 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - + - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - - - - CoulometricTitration - - Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. - The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point - CoulometricTitration - titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point + + + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - - - RedCharmQuark - RedCharmQuark + + + + ModulusOfAdmittance + ModulusOfAdmittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 + 6-52.4 - - - - - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + + + BlueCharmAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark - - - - - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + + + + + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. - + - - - - - - - - - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + SQL, SPARQL + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language - - - - - PhaseCoefficient - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - PhaseChangeCoefficient - PhaseCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 - 3-26.2 - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + + + + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + BET + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - - - - + + + + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + + + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + + + + + + GravityCasting + GravityCasting + + + + + - + - + - + - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - - - - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. + + + + + DragCoefficient + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + DragFactor + DragCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 + 4-23.4 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - - - - - SlowingDownLength - Square root of the slowing down area. - SlowingDownLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 - 10-73.1 - Square root of the slowing down area. + + + + Python + Python - - - + + + - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - + Persistence + The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) - - - - CentreOfMass - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - CentreOfMass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - - - - MicrowaveSintering - MicrowaveSintering - +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - - - - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - HTML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language - +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. - - - - - EffectiveMass - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - EffectiveMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 - 12-30 - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. + The union of the object or process classes. + Persistence + The union of the object or process classes. - - + + - - + + - + + + PeltierCoefficient + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + PeltierCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 + 12-22 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + + + + + + ElectronRadius + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + ElectronRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 + 10-19.2 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + + + + + + - - + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - + + AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit + + + + + + - - + + T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - Deduction - IndexSemiosis - Deduction + + InversePermittivityUnit + InversePermittivityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + + + Admittance + Inverse of the impendance. + ComplexAdmittance + Admittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance + 6-52.1 + Inverse of the impendance. - + + + + DefinedEdgeCutting + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden + DefinedEdgeCutting + + + - + - - ScalarMagneticPotential - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - ScalarMagneticPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 - 6-37.1 - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + Vergence + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + + + + + + + PreparedSample + + The sample after a preparation process. + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. - - - - CurrentLinkage - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - CurrentLinkage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 - 6-37.4 - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + + + + VaporDeposition + VaporDeposition - - - - - - - T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + + + AntiTau + AntiTau - - - - - LossAngle - Arctan of the loss factor - LossAngle - https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 - 6-55 - Arctan of the loss factor + + + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - + - T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - - + + + BlueUpQuark + BlueUpQuark + + + + + + ThreePointBendingTesting + + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + ThreePointFlexuralTest + ThreePointBendingTesting + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + + - - + + - - - Permeance - Inverse of the reluctance. - Permeance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 - 6-40 - Inverse of the reluctance. + + + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - - - GluonType7 - GluonType7 + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit - + - - ContinuousCasting - ContinuousCasting + + FiberboardManufacturing + FiberboardManufacturing - - - - Folding - Folding + + + + + + * + + + + Multiplication + Multiplication - - - - - - - - - - - - Persistence - The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): -- object (focus on spatial configuration) -- process (focus on temporal evolution) - -The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - -For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. + + + + RamanSpectroscopy + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. -Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. -This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + RamanSpectroscopy + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. -The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. - The union of the object or process classes. - Persistence - The union of the object or process classes. - +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - - - - DieCasting - DieCasting +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - - - PhotochemicalProcesses - PhotochemicalProcesses + + + + + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 + 10-15.3 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - + - DrawForming - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DrawForming - - - - - - LowPressureCasting - LowPressureCasting - - - - - - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - - - - - - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - - - - - - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + Widening + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + Weiten + Widening - - - - HardnessTesting - - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + + RedStrangeAntiQuark + RedStrangeAntiQuark - - - - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - VerfestigendurchWalzen - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - - - - IsothermalConversion - IsothermalConversion + + + + Numeral + Numeral - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron + + + - - - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 - 10-78.2 - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + + + + + + + + + IonicStrength + Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + IonicStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 + 9-42 + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - + - - - DebyeTemperature - DebyeTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 - 12-11 + + + + + + + + + MassChangeRate + Mass increment per time. + MassChangeRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 + 4-30.3 + Mass increment per time. - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit - + + + + + MolarGasConstant + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant + 9-37.1 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + + + + + + Presses + Presses + + + + + + Milling + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + Fräsen + Milling + + + - - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + + + + + + MicrowaveSintering + MicrowaveSintering + + + + + + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - FE-SEM - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + EDS + EDX + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - - - - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + + + Assigned + Assigned - - - - - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. + + + + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + HTML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language - + - + - - VolumicTotalCrossSection - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - VolumicTotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 - 10-42.2 - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + + SpecificVolume + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + MassicVolume + SpecificVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 + 4-3 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson + + + + ScanningKelvinProbe + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + SKB + ScanningKelvinProbe + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Torque - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - Torque - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque - 4-12.2 - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - - - - - - CharacterisationSoftware - - A software application to process characterisation data - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. + + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperatureTimeUnit - TemperatureTimeUnit + ForceUnit + ForceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 - 6-9 - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + + + + CyclicChronopotentiometry + + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + CyclicChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - + - - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 - 10-70 - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 + 5-29 + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - + - + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 - 10-87 - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - - - - - SandMolds - SandMolds + + AreaPerTimeUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit - + - - SpecificGibbsEnergy - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 - 5-21.5 - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - - - - - RedStrangeQuark - RedStrangeQuark + + PrincipalQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 + 10-13.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - - - - ElectricImpedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - Impedance - ElectricImpedance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 - 6-51.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance + + + + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. + + + + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - - + + - - - - - - + + - - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + + + CharacterisationSystem + + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + CharacterisationSystem + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Measuring system - - - - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - -Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + + + + + ActivityOfSolute + RelativeActivityOfSolute + ActivityOfSolute + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 + 9-24 + -Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language + + + + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water - + - + - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 - 12-13 - - - - - - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + RelaxationTime + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + RelaxationTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 + 12-32.1 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - + - - + - - T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + + + + LorenzCoefficient + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + LorenzNumber + LorenzCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 + 12-18 + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - SemioticEntity - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - SemioticEntity - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - - - - - - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - ShotPeening - Verfestigungsstrahlen - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + + + EnergyFluenceRate + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + EnergyFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 + 10-47 + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - + - - - POH - Written as pOH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - POH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - + + + + + LarmonFrequency + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + LarmonFrequency + 10-15.2 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + + + - + - + - + @@ -22812,70 +22732,101 @@ pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - StrangeAntiQuark - StrangeAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark - - - - DataProcessingApplication - DataProcessingApplication + + + + + + + + + + + Momentum + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum + 4-8 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - + - - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 - 10-13.8 - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + + + + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - + - - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + + RawSample + + RawSample - + + + + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + + + + + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 + 12-13 + + + - - HandlingDevice - HandlingDevice + + Gluing + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + Kleben + Gluing - - - - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + + + + + + + T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - + - + + - - + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - BohrMagneton - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - BohrMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 - 10-9.2 - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit @@ -22884,37 +22835,17 @@ pH = −10 log(a_OH-) Positron - - - - Ruby - Ruby - - - - - - Molds - Molds - - - - - RedUpAntiQuark - RedUpAntiQuark - - - + - + - + - + @@ -22922,21 +22853,40 @@ pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - DownAntiQuark - DownAntiQuark + UpQuarkType + UpQuarkType - + - - - RelativeMassExcess - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 - 10-22.1 - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + + + + + + CSharp + C# + CSharp + + + + + + Exponent + Exponent + + + + + + AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator @@ -22950,137 +22900,24 @@ pH = −10 log(a_OH-) 9-22 - + - CentrifugalCasting - CentrifugalCasting - - - - - - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - - - - - - - RadiantEnergy - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - RadiantEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 - 10-45 - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - - - - - - - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 - 9-16 - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LowPressureCasting + LowPressureCasting - + - - - LatentHeat - LatentHeat - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 - 5-6.2 - - - - - - RamanSpectroscopy - - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - RamanSpectroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - - - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - JosephsonConstantUnit - JosephsonConstantUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - MolarVolume - Volume per amount of substance. - MolarVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 - 9-5 - Volume per amount of substance. - - - - - - CompressionTesting - - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharmQuark - CharmQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + AreaSquareTimeUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit @@ -23096,1363 +22933,1488 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation imaginary part of the admittance - - - - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - STM - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + + + + + + T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquarePressureTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit + + + + + + + LeakageFactor + One minus the square of the coupling factor + LeakageFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 + 6-42.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor + + + + + + Spacing + Spacing + + + + + + + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 + 9-36.1 - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - MagneticReluctanceUnit - MagneticReluctanceUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit - - - - IsochoricHeatCapacity - Heat capacity at constant volume. - HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume - IsochoricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 - 5-16.3 - Heat capacity at constant volume. + + + + LightScattering + + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - + - - - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - GrandPartionFunction - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 - 9-35.3 + + NonActivePower + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + NonActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 + 6-61 + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - + - - + - - T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + + + + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 + 6-5 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + + + + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - - - - HardeningByForming - Verfestigen durch Umformen - HardeningByForming + + + TauAntiNeutrino + TauAntiNeutrino - - + + + + + HartreeEnergy + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + HartreeEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree + 10-8 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 + + + + + + + TotalCrossSection + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + TotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 + 10-38.2 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + + + + + GreenBottomAntiQuark + GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit - - - AntiMuon - AntiMuon + + + + Cementing + Cementing - + - - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + SparkErosion + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + elektrochemisches Abtragen + SparkErosion - - - RedTopQuark - RedTopQuark + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LengthTimePerMassUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit - + - - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - 3D Atom Probe - APT - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - + - - MassSpectrometry - - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuarkType - UpQuarkType + + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - + - - - - - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticReluctivityUnit - MagneticReluctivityUnit + + + StandardChemicalPotential + StandardChemicalPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 + 9-21 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 - + - + - - ModulusOfRigidity - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - ShearModulus - ModulusOfRigidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 - 4-19.2 - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 - - - - - GreenCharmAntiQuark - GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - - - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). - FunctionDefinition - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) - - - - - - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - -The definition of density as mass/volume. - -y = f(x) - - - - - - - ThermodynamicEfficiency - ThermalEfficiency - ThermodynamicEfficiency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 - 5-25.1 + + TotalMassStoppingPower + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + MassStoppingPower + TotalMassStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 + 10-55 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - + - - HardeningByDrawing - HardeningByDrawing + + Screwing + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + Schrauben + Screwing - - - - Galvanizing - Galvanizing + + + + + + + T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - + - - Filling - Filling + + PlasticSintering + PlasticSintering - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - ElectricChargeAreaUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SemioticEntity + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + SemioticEntity + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - + + + + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron + MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 + 10-12.2 + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + + + + + BlueBottomAntiQuark + BlueBottomAntiQuark + + + - + - - SlowingDownDensity - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - SlowingDownDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 - 10-67 - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + + Coercivity + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Coercivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 + 6-31 + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - - - OrdinalQuantity - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - ordinal quantity + + + GreenBottomQuark + GreenBottomQuark - - - - - FermiTemperature - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - FermiTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 - 12-28 - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + + + GreenUpQuark + GreenUpQuark - - - - SampleInspectionInstrument - - SampleInspectionInstrument + + + ElementaryBoson + ElementaryBoson + + + + + + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - + - T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTimeUnit - SquareTimeUnit - - - - - - Exponent - Exponent + MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit - + - - - ResonanceEscapeProbability - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 - 10-68 - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - - - - - - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + + + + + + + + Torque + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + Torque + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque + 4-12.2 + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - - - + + - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + + + + + - LengthPerAmountUnit - LengthPerAmountUnit + ParticulateMatter + ParticulateMatter - + - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricConductivityUnit - ElectricConductivityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - - - PrincipalQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 - 10-13.2 - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + + + + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + VerfestigendurchWalzen + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThirdGenerationFermion - ThirdGenerationFermion + + + + LinkedFlux + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + LinkedFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 + 6-22.2 + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - - - - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - BET - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + + + SparkPlasmaSintering + SparkPlasmaSintering - - - - DataNormalisation - - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + + + + ThermalSprayingForming + ThermalSprayingForming - - - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + + + + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - + - - - Curvature - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - Curvature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature - 3-2 - Inverse of the radius of curvature. + + + + + + + + + + Permittivity + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity + 6-14.1 + 6-14.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - + - - - CarrierLifetime - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - CarrierLifetime - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 - 12-32.2 - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - - - - - - - + + - - Minus - Minus + + + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 + 10-87 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - - - LaserCutting - LaserCutting + + + + PH + At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + Written as pH + PH + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 + For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 - + - - - - AngularMeasure - The abstract notion of angle. - AngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 - 3-5 - The abstract notion of angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - - - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + IonActivity + Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. + The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + IonActivity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - - - - Command - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. - Command - From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + + + + FatigueTesting + + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - + - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PerTimeMassUnit - PerTimeMassUnit - - - - - - Nanoindentation - - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - Semiotics - Semiotics + + + PhysicalyUnbonded + PhysicalyUnbonded - - - - - - Δ - - - - Laplacian - Laplacian + + + + DippingForms + DippingForms - - - - DifferentialOperator - DifferentialOperator + + + + BlowMolding + BlowMolding - - + + - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - - - - - - - LarmonAngularFrequency - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - LarmonAngularFrequency - 10-15.1 - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + AreaTimeUnit + AreaTimeUnit - - - GluonType3 - GluonType3 + + + + MercuryPorosimetry + + a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion + MercuryPorosimetry + a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion - - - + + + + - - + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - Acceleration - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration - 3-9.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - - - - RedDownQuark - RedDownQuark + + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - + - T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - - - - - - - SuperconductorEnergyGap - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 - 12-37 - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - + - - DisplacementCurrentDensity - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 - 6-18 - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + + + MolarEnthalpy + MolarEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 + Enthalpy per amount of substance. + 9-6.2 - + - - MercuryPorosimetry + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion - MercuryPorosimetry - a method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion + Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - DMA - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - + + - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - AmountPerMassTimeUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit - - - ElementaryFermion - ElementaryFermion + + + + GrowingCrystal + GrowingCrystal - - - - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. + + + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + NeutralWeakBoson + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - Ellipsometry - - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric -properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is -the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the -light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic -layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique -can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + + + MagneticQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + MagneticQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 + 10-13.4 + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - + - - + - - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - ThermalResistivityUnit - ThermalResistivityUnit + + + + ElectricFlux + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + ElectricFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 + 6-17 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - - - - Letter - Letter + + + + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - + - - ApparentPower - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - ApparentPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 - 6-57 - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + + + FermiTemperature + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + FermiTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 + 12-28 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - - - - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + ProductionEngineering + ProductionEngineering - + - T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - + + + + Polynomial + Polynomial + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + + + + + + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + TEM + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + + - + + + ShortRangeOrderParameter + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + ShortRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 + 12-5.1 + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + + + + - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + + + + + - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - - - - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + + + + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 + 12-2.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - - - - - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + + + + + + + + + + AreaDensity + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - + + - T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricFluxUnit + + + + + ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectronAntiNeutrino + + + + + + + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - - + + - - + + + 1 - - - IonNumberDensity - Number of ions per volume. - IonDensity - IonNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 - 10-62.2 - Number of ions per volume. - - - - - + + + + + + + - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + Real + A real number. + Real + A real number. - - - - DrawForms - DrawForms + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol - - - - ArithmeticEquation - ArithmeticEquation - 1 + 1 = 2 + + + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon - - - - Synchrotron - - Synchrotron + + + GluonType2 + GluonType2 - - - - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + + SolidAngle + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + SolidAngle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + 3-6 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - - - - - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + + + + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - + - T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaSquareTimeUnit - AreaSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - ChipboardManufacturing - ChipboardManufacturing + CapacitanceUnit + CapacitanceUnit - - - - - MassConcentrationOfWater - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. - MassConcentrationOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 - 5-27 - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + + + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - - - - Heat - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - AmountOfHeat - Heat - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat - 5-6.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + + + + Flanging + Flanging - + - + - - + + + + + + + - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - PhysicallyInteractingConvex + FundamentalBoson + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + FundamentalBoson + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons - - - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. + + + + + POH + Written as pOH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + POH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + + + + + + + EffectiveMass + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + EffectiveMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 + 12-30 + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + + + + + + IsobaricHeatCapacity + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure + IsobaricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 + 5-16.2 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + + + + + + HandlingDevice + HandlingDevice + + + + + + + BindingFraction + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + BindingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 + 10-23.2 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - + - T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimePerLengthUnit - TimePerLengthUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - - - - - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel + + + BlueBottomQuark + BlueBottomQuark - - - - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + + + + + + + + + + + SpecificEntropy + SpecificEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 + 5-19 - - - - PlasticSintering - PlasticSintering + + + + + + + + + + + + Structural + Structural - + - - Foaming - Foaming + + Drilling + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + Bohren + Drilling - - - - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + + + BlueDownAntiQuark + BlueDownAntiQuark - - - GluonType2 - GluonType2 + + + + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - - - - DippingForms - DippingForms + + + + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - - - - - - - T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - TimePerVolumeUnit - TimePerVolumeUnit + + + + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - + + + BlueUpAntiQuark + BlueUpAntiQuark + + + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricFieldStrength - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - ElectricFieldStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 - 6-10 - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + + + + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - + + + + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + - - - - - - - - - - ThomsonCoefficient - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - ThomsonCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 - 12-23 - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + + + VacuumElectricPermittivity + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + PermittivityOfVacuum + VacuumElectricPermittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + 6-14.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - + - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + + + + + + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 + 10-13.3 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + + + + + + + Service + IntangibleProduct + Service + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 + + + + + + Punctuation + Punctuation + + + + + + + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + + + + + DrawForming + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DrawForming - + - - Python - Python - - - - - - Gathering - Gathering + + FORTRAN + FORTRAN - + - - PotentialEnergy - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - PotentialEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy - 4-28.1 - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + + + Wavenumber + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + Repetency + Wavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + 3-20 + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - InternalEnergy - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy - 5.20-2 - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + + + + UTF8 + UTF8 - - - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. - - - - FORTRAN - FORTRAN + + + + HardeningByForging + HardeningByForging - - + + - - + + + - - Plus - Plus + + + VolumeFlowRate + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + VolumetricFlowRate + VolumeFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 + 4-31 + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - - - - - BraggAngle - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - BraggAngle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 - 12-4 - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + + + MetallicMaterial + MetallicMaterial - - - - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + + + + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - + - MultiParticlePath - MultiParticlePath + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenQuark + GreenQuark - + - - - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - + + + BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - - - - - - - - - - - ParticulateMatter - ParticulateMatter +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - + - - SourceVoltage - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - SourceTension - SourceVoltage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 - 6-36 - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + + + CanonicalPartitionFunction + CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 + 9-35.2 - + - + + - - + + T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - ParticleSourceDensity - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - ParticleSourceDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 - 10-66 - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + + PerLengthTimeUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit - - - - - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + + + + + ICI + + electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + ICI + electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current @@ -24468,232 +24430,241 @@ can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemi TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - ∇ - - - - Gradient - Gradient - - - - - - TransportationDevice - TransportationDevice - - - - - BlueStrangeQuark - BlueStrangeQuark - - - - - - Riveting - Riveting - - - - - RedBottomAntiQuark - RedBottomAntiQuark - - - - - - MaterialRelation - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - MaterialRelation - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. -A force field. -An Hamiltonian. - - - - - - MetallicPowderSintering - MetallicPowderSintering - - - - - - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - - - / - - - - Division - Division - - - + - - - CyclotronAngularFrequency - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 - 10-16 - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - - - - - - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + + + + HeatFlowRate + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + HeatFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 + 5-7 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - AreaPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - - + + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PermeabilityUnit - PermeabilityUnit + TimePerLengthUnit + TimePerLengthUnit - + - - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 - 10-13.7 - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + + + MigrationLength + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + MigrationLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 + 10-73.3 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. - + - - PaperManufacturing - PaperManufacturing + + TransportationDevice + TransportationDevice - + - - BlowMolding - BlowMolding + + + MaterialSynthesis + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + MaterialSynthesis + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - + + + + Ruby + Ruby + + + + + + TransformationLanguage + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + TransformationLanguage + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML + + + + + MultiParticlePath + MultiParticlePath + + + + + + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + + + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + + + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - - - - - GreenBottomQuark - GreenBottomQuark + MagneticReluctivityUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ParticleConcentration - ParticleConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 - 9-9.1 + + + + Nexafs + + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - - - - JavaScript - JavaScript + + + + ChipboardManufacturing + ChipboardManufacturing - + + + + Irradiate + Irradiate + + + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - PerTemperatureTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - + - BlueUpAntiQuark - BlueUpAntiQuark + AntiMuon + AntiMuon - - - GluonType1 - GluonType1 + + + + SampleInspectionInstrument + + SampleInspectionInstrument - - - MetallicMaterial - MetallicMaterial + + + + + CoherenceLength + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CoherenceLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 + 12-38.2 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + + + + + + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + + + + + + + WaveVector + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + WaveVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 + 3-21 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + + + + + + + + + + + + + SolidMixture + SolidMixture + + + + + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography @@ -24706,90 +24677,119 @@ An Hamiltonian. Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). - - - - PlasticModeling - PlasticModeling - - - - - - HardeningByForging - HardeningByForging - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalMatterParticle - FundamentalMatterParticle + BlueCharmQuark + BlueCharmQuark - - - - VoltagePhasor - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - VoltagePhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 - 6-50 - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + + + + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + VPO + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePerTimeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - Assigned - Assigned + + + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - + + + + ElectricReactance + The imaginary part of the impedance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + Reactance + ElectricReactance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 + 6-51.3 + The imaginary part of the impedance. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + + + Molds + Molds + + + + + + Java + Java + + + + + + MaterialRelationComputation + MaterialRelationComputation + + + - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + ElectroSinterForging + ElectroSinterForging - - - PolymericMaterial - PolymericMaterial + + + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + VolumePerTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit - - - - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + + + + DieCasting + DieCasting + + + + + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit @@ -24801,13 +24801,13 @@ An Hamiltonian. Gerhard Goldbeck - - - - universe - The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. - universe - The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. + + + + Pierluigi Del Nostro + + Pierluigi Del Nostro + Pierluigi Del Nostro @@ -24819,13 +24819,13 @@ An Hamiltonian. Daniele Toti - - - - Pierluigi Del Nostro - - Pierluigi Del Nostro - Pierluigi Del Nostro + + + + universe + The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. + universe + The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. @@ -24849,21 +24849,22 @@ An Hamiltonian. Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. - + + + + + + + hasSpatialTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasSpatialDirectPart + hasSpatialTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + - - - - - - - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - + @@ -24877,17 +24878,27 @@ An Hamiltonian. A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - + + + - - - - hasSpatialTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasSpatialDirectPart - hasSpatialTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + + + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + isBefore + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. @@ -24906,32 +24917,55 @@ An Hamiltonian. This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - + + - - - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - hasTemporalDirectPart - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + + + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + hasDirectPart + Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. +The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). +The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. + The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. + This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. + This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - + - - - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - hasTemporalFirst - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + + + + + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + isAntecedentOf + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - + + + + + + + + + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + @@ -24945,121 +24979,107 @@ An Hamiltonian. The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - - + - - - - - hasMetrologicalReference - Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process. - In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. - -The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) - - Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) - -was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to - - Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - -Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. - - Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension - -was changed to - - Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + + + + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + hasTemporalDirectPart + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + -The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. - hasMetrologicalReference + + + + + + isTemporallyBefore + isTemporallyBefore - + + - - - - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + + + hasNumericalPart + Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. + hasNumericalPart - + - - + - - - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - + + - - - - hasMember - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - hasMember - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + + + + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - + + - - - - - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - isAntecedentOf - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - + + + + + hasMetrologicalReference + Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process. + In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. + +The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) + + Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) + +was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to - - - - - - - - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - + Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - - - - - - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. +Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension + +was changed to + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. + hasMetrologicalReference - - + - - isTemporallyBefore - isTemporallyBefore + + + + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. @@ -25074,80 +25094,72 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - + - - - - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - isBefore - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. + + + + hasMember + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + hasMember + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - + - - - - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - hasDirectPart - Direct parthood is the non transitive version of parthood enabling the establishment of hierarchy of granularities, starting with an entity and providing several tesselation levels according to specific criteria. -The criteria are implemented in specialised versions of the direct parthood relation (e.g., metrological direct part, XML format direct part). -The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally self connected (i.e., items), coherently with the concept behind the definition of the reductionistic perspective. - The relation grouping all direct parthood relations used in the reductionistic perspective. - This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. - This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). + + + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - + - - - - - hasNumericalPart - Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. - hasNumericalPart + + + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + hasTemporalFirst + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - 4 + 1 1 + + 1 + + 1 - 3 + 1 - 2 + 1 + + + + 1 + + + + 1 @@ -25162,6 +25174,18 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally 1 + + 3 + + + + 4 + + + + 2 + + 1 @@ -25170,59 +25194,168 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally 1 - - 1 - + + + + Lifetime + From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Transitivity for proper parthood. + + + + + + DIN 8583-1:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalBoson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + + + + + + Part + From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. + + + + + + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + - - 1 - + + + + ISO 13574:2015-02 + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + - - 1 - + + + + Assemblying + From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + - - 1 - + + + + https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - 1 - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - 1 - - - - - DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - + - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + @@ -25230,16 +25363,30 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally - - + + - Transitivity for proper parthood. + Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + + + + Matter + From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). + + + + + + CausalSystem + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + @@ -25247,7 +25394,7 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally - + @@ -25255,7 +25402,7 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally - + @@ -25269,7 +25416,7 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally - + @@ -25278,270 +25425,224 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally - - - DIN 8580:2022-12 - Verfestigen durch Umformen + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + + + https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - - Fundamental - From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + + ManufacturedProduct + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". - - Item - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Elementary - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + Role + From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - + - - + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - + + - Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. + Implementation of equality based on mereology. - - - http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - - - DIN EN 9110:2018-08 - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + DIN 8584-2:2003-09 + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - - - Crystal - From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + Engineered + From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). - - - https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - - - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + CausalPath + From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). - - - Quantum - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - - - Symbolic - From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). + + + https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - - - Product - From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + + + Machine + From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. - - DIN 8583-2:2003-09 - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + + DIN 8588:2013-08 + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - - - EN 10028-1:2017-07 - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + Holistic + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + + + Elementary + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - Particle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + DIN 8586:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - - - DIN EN 14943:2006-03 - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + + + DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - - Collection - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + + AnalogicalIcon + From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). - - ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + + EN 16603-11:2019-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - - - CausalStructure - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + + + TangibleProduct + From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - - - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + Wholistic + From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. - - - CausalSystem - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + + + DIN 8589-2:2003-09 + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain + + + Artifact + From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. - - - - - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - DIN 8593-3:2003-09 - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + + DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. @@ -25556,25 +25657,58 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + + + Cogniser + From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + + + CausalObject + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + Item + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + + + + + + + + + + + + Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. + + + + + + DIN EN 14943:2006-03 + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + + + + + + DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material @@ -25584,20 +25718,10 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - + - - - - - - - - - - - + @@ -25606,36 +25730,38 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - + + Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + + DIN 8589-3:2003-09 + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - - - ResemblanceIcon - From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + + + DIN 8588:2013-08 + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - + - - + + + @@ -25644,64 +25770,70 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - + - + - Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. - - - - Equipment - From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. - - - - Index - From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). - - - - - - Machine - From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + + PhysicalObject + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + - + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - Engineered - From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). + + + ISO 4885:2018-02 + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution @@ -25711,17 +25843,16 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - + - - - - - + + + + @@ -25731,131 +25862,78 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - + - + + - Implementation of equality based on mereology. - - Data - From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - - - - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - - - - - - DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - - - - - Estimation - From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Language - From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + + CausalParticle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - Holistic - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - - - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). + + + measurand + VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. - - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + + DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - - isCauseOf - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). - - - - - - Wholistic - From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. + + Index + From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). - - - ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + + Procedure + From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). - - AnalogicalIcon - From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). + + Perspective + From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. - - - CausalPath - From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - - Icon - From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. @@ -25866,88 +25944,45 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet - - - https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - - - - - - mereological - Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - - - - - - Property - From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). - - - - - - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - - - - - https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - - - - - - isPredecessorOf - From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - - - - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - - DIN 8584-2:2003-09 - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + + DIN 8583-2:2003-09 + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - - - - - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - - - PhysicalObject - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + + + + + 2 + + + Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). @@ -25958,18 +25993,17 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + + + ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - - - Dedomena - From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + + + DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. @@ -25979,10 +26013,21 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -25990,44 +26035,43 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi - - + + - Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. + Transitivity for parthood. - - - - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - - - - - - DIN 8580:2022-12 - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - - - - - - CausalObject - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - - - - Cogniser - From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + @@ -26037,62 +26081,37 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - - - - - - Procedure - From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). - - - - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - - - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + + + DIN 8589-0:2003-09 + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - + - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + @@ -26100,92 +26119,150 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi - - + + - Transitivity for parthood. + Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. - - - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + + + + + + https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - Assemblying - From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + + Property + From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + + + + + + Whole + From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). - - DIN EN 13831:2007-12 - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + + ISO 14034:2016-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + + + + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + + + + + + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation + + + + + + Crystal + From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + + + + DIN 65099-4:1989-11 + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + + + + mereological + Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - - - Artifact - From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. + + + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - - - Model - From Latin modus (“measure”). + + + Symbolic + From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). - - DIN 8589-2:2003-09 - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - - - Device - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". + + + https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - - - Variable - Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). + + + ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - - - Existent - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + + + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. @@ -26196,82 +26273,69 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + + + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) - - DIN 8586:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. - + + + + Tool + Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + - - - measurand - VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. + + + DIN 8580:2022-12 + Verfestigen durch Umformen - - - DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + + + Observation + From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), - - - DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + + + Product + From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. - - - DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + + + Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + + + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. + + + + + + Computation + From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). @@ -26282,24 +26346,28 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or - - - TangibleProduct - From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. + + + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + EN 10028-1:2017-07 + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium @@ -26309,90 +26377,131 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + + + + + + DIN 55405:2014-12 + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + + + + + + DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + - - Observation - From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + + isCauseOf + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + + + + + + FunctionalIcon + From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). + + + + + + Equipment + From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + + DIN 8593-3:2003-09 + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - - Perspective - From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. + + Device + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - - - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + + + + + + Fundamental + From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). - - ISO 13574:2015-02 - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + + DIN 8587:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - - - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + + + Collection + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) + + + + Factory + From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). - - - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + + DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - - - ManufacturedProduct - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + + + DIN 8580:2022-12 + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - - DIN 8588:2013-08 - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - - Tool - Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. - - - - - - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + + Icon + From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). @@ -26421,75 +26530,26 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can - - - - DIN 8588:2013-08 - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - - - - - - Factory - From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). - - - - - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - - - FunctionalIcon - From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - Simulacrum - From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. @@ -26500,276 +26560,188 @@ manufacturing: production of components - - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - - - - - - Part - From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. - - - - + - Software - From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. - - - - - - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - - - - - - Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - EMMO - EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - - - - - - EN 16603-11:2019-11 - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - - - - - - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + + Language + From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + + + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - - DIN 8587:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - - - - - - CausalParticle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - - - - Matter - From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). - - - - - - - - - - - - Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. - - - - - - DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - - - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - - - - Role - From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. + + DIN 8593-0:2003-09 + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - - - DIN 65099-4:1989-11 - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + Estimation + From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). - - - DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + + + Boson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - + - - - 2 + + + + + + - Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). + All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + + + Software + From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. - - - https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + + + Dedomena + From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) - - - DIN 55405:2014-12 - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + + + Model + From Latin modus (“measure”). - - - DIN 8584-1:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + + + Simulacrum + From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") - - FundamentalBoson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + Data + From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - - - DIN 8593-0:2003-09 - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + + + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - Lifetime - From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. + + + CausalStructure + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). - - - Boson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - - - DIN 8586:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - - - DIN 8585-3:2003-09 - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + + + Quantum + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". - - - Computation - From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). + + + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - - - - - - - - - - - - All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - - IntentionalProcess - From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") + + Existent + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + + + + + + ResemblanceIcon + From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). @@ -26781,60 +26753,88 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - - - ISO 14034:2016-11 - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + + + Particle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - DIN 8589-6:2003-09 - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + + + EMMO + EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + + + DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + + http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - ISO 4885:2018-02 - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + + + + + isPredecessorOf + From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - DIN 8583-1:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + + DIN 8584-1:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - - Whole - From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + + Variable + Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + + + DIN 8586:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + + + + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + + + + + ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + + + + + IntentionalProcess + From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") diff --git a/chameo.ttl b/chameo.ttl index 039995b..c29b2a6 100644 --- a/chameo.ttl +++ b/chameo.ttl @@ -890,12 +890,12 @@ ns1:EMMO_18d180e4_5e3e_42f7_820c_e08951223486 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A real number."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:allValuesFrom xsd:double ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onDataRange xsd:double ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:allValuesFrom xsd:double ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ], ns1:EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ; @@ -11936,9 +11936,9 @@ ns1:EMMO_8dbaf3ca_8f0d_4c45_92e1_c6d805b83c87 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "FundamentalFermion"@en ; rdfs:comment "A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_07bb613c_e8d0_425f_abcc_47c58b14704e ns1:EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 ), - ( ns1:EMMO_124c07b7_38ea_405c_81b1_5c65eee1a41a ns1:EMMO_7773f63a_cd7c_4393_b36b_cd1b8a71565a ns1:EMMO_82d6c4b3_a037_49de_9622_0407af40bdeb ), - ( ns1:EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd ns1:EMMO_dad35c10_dd6c_4602_8474_f4ef68517fe9 ) ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd ns1:EMMO_dad35c10_dd6c_4602_8474_f4ef68517fe9 ), + ( ns1:EMMO_07bb613c_e8d0_425f_abcc_47c58b14704e ns1:EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 ), + ( ns1:EMMO_124c07b7_38ea_405c_81b1_5c65eee1a41a ns1:EMMO_7773f63a_cd7c_4393_b36b_cd1b8a71565a ns1:EMMO_82d6c4b3_a037_49de_9622_0407af40bdeb ) ; skos:prefLabel "FundamentalFermion"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion"@en . @@ -12114,7 +12114,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9bbab0be_f9cc_4f46_9f46_0fd271911b79 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9c407ac0_fd4c_4178_8763_95fad9fe29ec a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "StandardizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; rdfs:comment "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ)."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; skos:prefLabel "StandardizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ)."^^xsd:string . @@ -12383,7 +12383,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b953f2b1_c8d1_4dd9_b630_d3ef6580c2bb a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2 ns1:EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2 ) ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalConstant"@en ; @@ -12426,7 +12426,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bb6febfa_5c6b_43c9_941a_4b6157b703be a owl:ObjectProperty ; ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Substance"@en ; rdfs:comment "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c, ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 ns1:EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ) ; @@ -12901,13 +12901,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_df808271_df91_4f27_ba59_fa423c51896c a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], + owl:qualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; skos:prefLabel "Neutron"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron"^^xsd:string . @@ -13232,7 +13232,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f895cb83_2280_42e9_9f4c_047273e70d3c a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f8bd64d5_5d3e_4ad4_a46e_c30714fecb7f a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Integer"@en ; rdfs:comment "An integer number."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ], @@ -14196,7 +14196,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction."@en, """Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy , + rdfs:isDefinedBy , "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1, ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 ; @@ -14639,7 +14639,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_57ba1bf0_4314_432c_a9bb_6a6720c8dab5 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined."^^xsd:string . @@ -14734,7 +14734,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_68c0e0cd_6afd_4eb7_9dfa_91c2462002c9 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; rdfs:comment "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointWith ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ; skos:prefLabel "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en . @@ -14769,7 +14769,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_71d1c8f0_c6e3_44b5_a4b6_1b74ff35698a a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_71f6ab56_342c_484b_bbe0_de86b7367cb3 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DerivedQuantity"@en ; rdfs:comment "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DerivedQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "\"Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system\"."@en ; ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 "derived quantity"@en . @@ -14962,7 +14962,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_891d1351_3843_4da3_906b_3b30411bd512 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SpatialTiling"@en ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7efab93d_c8fe_49c7_ba8e_d21d13b38c85 ] ; @@ -14972,7 +14972,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_89762966_8076_4f7c_b745_f718d653e8e2 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ExactConstant"@en ; rdfs:comment "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "ExactConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty."@en . @@ -14984,7 +14984,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8c64fcfa_23aa_45f8_9e58_bdfd065fab8f a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Constant"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b ; skos:prefLabel "Constant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en . @@ -15309,7 +15309,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b9277e83_016c_405f_b90a_7e93642c775b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_b9522e56_1fac_4766_97e6_428605fabd3e a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HolisticArrangement"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; skos:prefLabel "HolisticArrangement"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements."@en . @@ -15357,7 +15357,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c9c8f824_9127_4f93_bc21_69fe78a7f6f2 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ThroughTile"@en ; rdfs:comment "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; skos:prefLabel "ThroughTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en . @@ -15565,7 +15565,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_eb95a619_ca07_4678_a809_10021b25a13f a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "EndTile"@en ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; skos:prefLabel "EndTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e . @@ -15715,7 +15715,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8a2fe9f_458b_4771_9aba_a50e76afc52d a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f93fe78b_9646_4a15_b88b_1c93686a764d a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Network"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 ; skos:prefLabel "Network"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected."@en . @@ -15743,7 +15743,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "BeginTile"@en ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; skos:prefLabel "BeginTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b . @@ -16006,11 +16006,11 @@ ns1:EMMO_0527413c_b286_4e9c_b2d0_03fb2a038dee a owl:Class ; On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ] ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841 ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_008fd3b2_4013_451f_8827_52bceab11841 ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_054af807_85cd_4a13_8eba_119dfdaaf38b ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ns1:EMMO_2d72e38c_d587_437f_98f6_f2718fb130eb ns1:EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 ) ] ; skos:prefLabel "Interpreter"@en ; @@ -16105,7 +16105,7 @@ A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative proper ns1:EMMO_13191289_6c2b_4741_93e1_82d53bd0e703 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Participant"@en ; rdfs:comment "An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_90ae56e4_d197_49b6_be1a_0049e4756606, ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b ; skos:prefLabel "Participant"@en ; @@ -16250,7 +16250,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_28fbea28_2204_4613_87ff_6d877b855fcd a owl:Class ; See Shape4x3Matrix as an example."""@en, "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en, "Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; skos:prefLabel "Array"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en ; @@ -16307,7 +16307,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 a owl:Class ; """The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself."""@en, "The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 ; skos:altLabel "MereologicalState"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Arrangement"@en ; @@ -16321,13 +16321,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_39a4e2a4_d835_426d_b497_182d06e1caff a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_669d2749_bece_460a_b26a_9a909fd8ca4d ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_669d2749_bece_460a_b26a_9a909fd8ca4d ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 ] ; skos:altLabel "IndexSemiosis"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Deduction"@en . @@ -16341,13 +16341,13 @@ A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics pers We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_888a5dea_3b7d_4dc0_93f2_d4e345a1f903 ns1:EMMO_ac1a05c5_0c17_4387_bac0_683f2a86f3ed ) ], - [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_0d1c0018_42e2_4506_bc3d_f53c117c1ad3 ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 ) ], [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a ns1:EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a ) ], [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc ns1:EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55 ) ] ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc ns1:EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55 ) ], + [ a owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_888a5dea_3b7d_4dc0_93f2_d4e345a1f903 ns1:EMMO_ac1a05c5_0c17_4387_bac0_683f2a86f3ed ) ] ; skos:altLabel "EncodedVariation"@en ; skos:prefLabel "EncodedData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule."@en ; @@ -16403,10 +16403,10 @@ ns1:EMMO_47bf3513_4ae6_4858_9c45_76e23230d68d a owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_2d72e38c_d587_437f_98f6_f2718fb130eb ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9 ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 ns1:EMMO_e999f9e0_7d63_4564_9028_07246580a267 ) ] ; skos:altLabel "ConventionalSemiosis"@en ; @@ -16550,7 +16550,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_77e9dc31_5b19_463e_b000_44c6e79f98aa a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_79751276_b2d0_4e2f_bbd4_99d412f43d55 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CategorizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; rdfs:comment "The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_02c0621e_a527_4790_8a0f_2bb51973c819 ; skos:prefLabel "CategorizedPhysicalQuantity"@en ; @@ -16575,10 +16575,10 @@ ns1:EMMO_7cdc375d_d371_4d78_acd5_d51732f52126 a owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 ] ; skos:altLabel "IconSemiosis"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Cognition"@en . @@ -16667,7 +16667,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_90798691_3b86_4d8c_910f_be2b39c98b39 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Sequence"@en ; rdfs:comment "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c ; skos:prefLabel "Sequence"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en . @@ -16684,7 +16684,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9b075686_4ac2_43bb_b2a3_17b3ea24ff17 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NumericalVariable"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; skos:prefLabel "NumericalVariable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en . @@ -16713,7 +16713,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_acaaa124_3dde_48b6_86e6_6ec6f364f408 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "BaseQuantity"@en ; rdfs:comment """"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "BaseQuantity"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 """"Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" ISO 80000-1"""@en ; @@ -16771,7 +16771,7 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en, "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointUnionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; @@ -16999,7 +16999,7 @@ foaf:Person a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_06658d8d_dcde_4fc9_aae1_17f71c0bcdec a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Vector"@en ; rdfs:comment "1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 ], @@ -17096,7 +17096,7 @@ In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by o Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa, ns1:EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527 ; skos:altLabel "Numeral"@en ; @@ -17123,12 +17123,12 @@ ns1:EMMO_2b1fb71c_0eb0_445c_9be7_fb5d30ae79fd a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SpatioTemporalTile"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a"^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 ns1:EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 ns1:EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 ) ], + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ns1:EMMO_d4c95fa1_5bda_4063_a22d_62c81fcea284 ) ], [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ns1:EMMO_d4c95fa1_5bda_4063_a22d_62c81fcea284 ) ] ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 ns1:EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 ns1:EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 ) ] ; skos:altLabel "WellFormedTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SpatioTemporalTile"^^xsd:string ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a . @@ -17175,7 +17175,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 a owl:Class ; """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c ) ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en ; @@ -17232,7 +17232,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporalTile"@en ; rdfs:comment "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en . @@ -17425,7 +17425,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_961d1aba_f75e_4411_aaa4_457f7516ed6b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Tile"@en ; rdfs:comment "A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_74a75cf1_3418_4244_b43c_b5db94635d42 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ] ; @@ -17527,7 +17527,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b6292331_94af_4f00_976b_ea55960c2f1c a owl:DatatypeProperty ; ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "IntentionalProcess"@en ; rdfs:comment "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ], @@ -17589,7 +17589,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_d5f3e0e5_fc7d_4e64_86ad_555e74aaff84 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Language"@en ; rdfs:comment "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; skos:prefLabel "Language"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula)."@en . @@ -17661,7 +17661,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f4a30d7e_8e8b_41e6_9695_d33a68f54f4b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporalTiling"@en ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7efab93d_c8fe_49c7_ba8e_d21d13b38c85 ] ; @@ -17825,7 +17825,7 @@ As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a un — quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and — quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. ISO 80000-1"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_67fc0a36_8dcb_4ffa_9a43_31074efa3296 ] ; @@ -17838,7 +17838,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en, """A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ns1:EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527 ) ] ; @@ -17922,7 +17922,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Variable"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; skos:prefLabel "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; @@ -18118,7 +18118,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; rdfs:comment "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en, "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ], @@ -18217,7 +18217,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules."""@en, "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DiscreteData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands."@en ; @@ -18294,7 +18294,7 @@ In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher ato We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en, "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d ], @@ -18380,13 +18380,13 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], + owl:someValuesFrom :SamplePreparationParameter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :SamplePreparationParameter ], + owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], :CharacterisationProcedure ; skos:prefLabel "SamplePreparation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en . @@ -18413,7 +18413,7 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a ns1:EMMO_0e1f2009_bf12_49d1_99f3_1422e5287d82 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporalRole"@en ; rdfs:comment "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "HolisticTemporalPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalRole"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en . @@ -18458,7 +18458,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Material"@en ; rdfs:comment "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en, "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644, ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 ; skos:prefLabel "Material"@en ; @@ -18469,7 +18469,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Numerical"@en ; rdfs:comment "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; skos:prefLabel "Numerical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en . @@ -18649,8 +18649,8 @@ ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en, "A non-path causal structure"@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_a6d8e2e2_5e61_4838_977b_9a5dea421fc1 ns1:EMMO_4bb03d40_78d2_45a4_9cb0_4336c9fc3b70 ), - ( ns1:EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 ns1:EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b ) ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_09f0ac34_c349_46b5_acf0_0edeae52cca1 ns1:EMMO_0f19d84e_05b4_47c9_a5de_bb2a913d211b ), + ( ns1:EMMO_a6d8e2e2_5e61_4838_977b_9a5dea421fc1 ns1:EMMO_4bb03d40_78d2_45a4_9cb0_4336c9fc3b70 ) ; skos:prefLabel "CausalSystem"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type)."@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A non-path causal structure"@en ; @@ -18659,7 +18659,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NonTemporalRole"@en ; rdfs:comment "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "HolisticSpatialPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NonTemporalRole"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en . @@ -18760,7 +18760,7 @@ A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be."""@en, "The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf _:107 ; + rdfs:subClassOf _:89 ; skos:prefLabel "Collection"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. @@ -18794,7 +18794,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en, "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en, "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; skos:altLabel "Elaboration"@en, "Work"@en ; @@ -18811,7 +18811,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en, """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; @@ -18822,7 +18822,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_65a007dc_2550_46b0_b394_3346c67fbb69 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "HolisticSystem"@en ; rdfs:comment "A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time."@en, "An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dba27ca1_33c9_4443_a912_1519ce4c39ec ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f76884f7_964e_488e_9bb7_1b2453e9e817 ] ; @@ -18943,8 +18943,8 @@ system specifications. owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationData ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :MeasurementParameter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationEnvironment ], @@ -18952,8 +18952,8 @@ system specifications. owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :MeasurementParameter ], + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], ns1:EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb, :CharacterisationProcedure ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en ; @@ -19023,7 +19023,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; rdfs:comment "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; @@ -19043,7 +19043,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 a owl:ObjectProperty ; ns1:EMMO_3f15d200_c97b_42c8_8ac0_d81d150361e2 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "MeasuredConstant"@en ; rdfs:comment "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "MeasuredConstant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty."@en . @@ -19069,7 +19069,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_53bd0c90_41c3_46e2_8779_cd2a80f7e18b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_64963ed6_39c9_4258_85e0_6466c4b5420c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Workflow"@en ; rdfs:comment "A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4299e344_a321_4ef2_a744_bacfcce80afc ], @@ -19087,7 +19087,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_6523cad7_ea54_471c_adb7_e783f824ec09 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; rdfs:comment "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1f19b65b_35bf_4662_a318_7f1c147cb3b6 ns1:EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 ) ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; @@ -19149,7 +19149,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da a owl:Class ; is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en, "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 ; skos:altLabel "RatioUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en ; @@ -19242,7 +19242,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 a owl:Class ; It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1c16bb7f_5400_4498_8ef2_54392908da4e ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ) ; skos:altLabel "PhysicalSubstance"@en ; @@ -19402,8 +19402,8 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet "The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities."@en, "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf _:68, - _:69 ; + rdfs:subClassOf _:104, + _:92 ; owl:disjointUnionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; @@ -19612,7 +19612,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Mathematical"@en ; rdfs:comment "A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions."^^xsd:string, "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; skos:prefLabel "Mathematical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en . @@ -19624,7 +19624,7 @@ e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols A Symbol may be a String in another language. e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters."""@en, "The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; skos:altLabel "AlphabeticEntity"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbol"@en ; @@ -19707,7 +19707,7 @@ However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal pa In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental."""@en, "A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "Continuant"@en, "Endurant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Object"@en ; @@ -19730,7 +19730,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce a owl:Class ; """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "Occurrent"@en, "Perdurant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Process"@en ; @@ -19996,44 +19996,36 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0\""""@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:107 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en . - [] a swrl:Imp ; - rdfs:comment "Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:69 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary"@en ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; @@ -20045,170 +20037,196 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing parthood reflexivity."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_01048432_3722_40a9_aa37_ea009da44272 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction."^^xsd:string . +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3ec45f3b_677d_4e71_be75_6f8966b4f808 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en . +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c1dad83e_974f_432e_ac92_d016f2445279 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_68ee441e_c89e_4391_93c3_e68fef59fe14 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3cb27225_df45_4616_aa3b_32dba383524c ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Artifact"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_607ccc15_38aa_4a69_a70a_effa8015bf42 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bbf12904_e25e_4f49_87f3_8bd210a6b535 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."""^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machine"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03eb9b46_8ff0_4fcd_b1a0_73f65ae7434e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget "Object that is processed with a machine"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_61846411_8c6f_410b_ae7b_8999ec18f2b2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1d6b63d5_9938_483c_ad62_a09ac34153c9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components"""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Artifact"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 14943:2006-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3ec45f3b_677d_4e71_be75_6f8966b4f808 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_44f91d47_3faf_48e2_844c_d44bbe3e22f6 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecc10f05_b301_4dcf_8c84_b6f511117234 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 14034:2016-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:104 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 4885:2018-02"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20217,46 +20235,28 @@ manufacturing: production of components"""@en . owl:annotatedTarget "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Object that is processed with a machine"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 14943:2006-03"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 13574:2015-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fba4018_24bd_450c_abc3_354e2c7809c9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "EN 10028-1:2017-07"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_9900d51c_bdd3_40e8_aa82_ad1aa7092f71 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_92eaefcb_50be_4237_9ec0_4a019ce24921 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20265,49 +20265,48 @@ manufacturing: production of components"""@en . owl:annotatedTarget "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bbf12904_e25e_4f49_87f3_8bd210a6b535 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion"""@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3cb27225_df45_4616_aa3b_32dba383524c ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."""^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_01048432_3722_40a9_aa37_ea009da44272 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone )."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fba4018_24bd_450c_abc3_354e2c7809c9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-4:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20316,16 +20315,22 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or owl:annotatedTarget "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 13574:2015-02"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_92eaefcb_50be_4237_9ec0_4a019ce24921 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20334,115 +20339,136 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French \"deviser\", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally \"dispose in portions,\" from Vulgar Latin \"divisare\", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning \"to divide\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecc10f05_b301_4dcf_8c84_b6f511117234 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-6:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7d004db_59fa_5ae3_adb1_e75736aa721a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_61846411_8c6f_410b_ae7b_8999ec18f2b2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_68ee441e_c89e_4391_93c3_e68fef59fe14 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d5f98475_00ce_4987_99fb_262aed395e46 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain"^^xsd:string . +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d5f98475_00ce_4987_99fb_262aed395e46 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c1dad83e_974f_432e_ac92_d016f2445279 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 10028-1:2017-07"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_9900d51c_bdd3_40e8_aa82_ad1aa7092f71 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_607ccc15_38aa_4a69_a70a_effa8015bf42 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 14034:2016-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b ; owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en . +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20451,61 +20477,60 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-6:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7d004db_59fa_5ae3_adb1_e75736aa721a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03eb9b46_8ff0_4fcd_b1a0_73f65ae7434e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)."^^xsd:string . -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone )."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1d6b63d5_9938_483c_ad62_a09ac34153c9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machine"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 55405:2014-12"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20514,44 +20539,37 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the owl:annotatedTarget "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_44f91d47_3faf_48e2_844c_d44bbe3e22f6 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en . -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; + rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; @@ -20560,54 +20578,60 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:argument2 ; swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for parthood."@en . + swrl:argument2 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:89 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ; + owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; + rdfs:comment "Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; - rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en . + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; @@ -20619,33 +20643,25 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing parthood reflexivity."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary"@en ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Collection"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; @@ -20653,36 +20669,31 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the owl:annotatedTarget ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property."^^xsd:string . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en . - [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] . + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for parthood."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e94a9156_fb6c_4e16_88ee_829ac9933155 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20691,29 +20702,35 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c15f8c4_d2de_47a0_acdd_470b8dda979b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en . + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6470bbfa_04a6_4360_9534_1aa18d68329b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users."""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e94a9156_fb6c_4e16_88ee_829ac9933155 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c15f8c4_d2de_47a0_acdd_470b8dda979b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20727,18 +20744,24 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_348d39f7_6a17_49d1_9860_9b33b69b51de ; owl:annotatedTarget "Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters)."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_65411b3d_c8d3_4111_86a9_a2ce0a64c647 ; owl:annotatedTarget "A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6470bbfa_04a6_4360_9534_1aa18d68329b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; @@ -20757,6 +20780,12 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f ; owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; @@ -20765,9 +20794,9 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20775,12 +20804,12 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Fom Latin variabilis (\"changeable\")."@en . +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . + [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "3"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; @@ -20793,6 +20822,12 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "Symbolic"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”)."^^xsd:string . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Data"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; @@ -20807,10 +20842,10 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Data"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en . + dcterms:source "International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :Electrogravimetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20818,46 +20853,46 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Existent"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en . - [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 ] ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Existent"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en . + [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 ] ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; @@ -20867,34 +20902,16 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation"^^xsd:anyURI . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Property"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Icon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Estimation"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”)."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :StepChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; @@ -20902,12 +20919,6 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "Simulacrum"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin simulacrum (\"likeness, semblance\")"@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cogniser"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”"@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ; @@ -20915,16 +20926,16 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Estimation"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Observation"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),"@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Property"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20933,16 +20944,22 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cogniser"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”"@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "Icon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20956,15 +20973,15 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Observation"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20972,18 +20989,18 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb ; owl:annotatedTarget "A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0650c031_42b6_4f0a_b62d_d88f071da6bf ; owl:annotatedTarget "measurand"@en ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; @@ -21011,9 +21028,9 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Role"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Fundamental"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; @@ -21029,9 +21046,9 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Fundamental"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Holistic"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos \"all, whole, entire\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -21047,9 +21064,9 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Holistic"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos \"all, whole, entire\")."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Role"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written."@en . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . @@ -21066,44 +21083,69 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :CyclicChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . + owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org"^^xsd:string ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :Electrogravimetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en . - -[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; - owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :CreepTesting :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :FatigueTesting :FibDic :HardnessTesting :Nanoindentation :ShearOrTorsionTesting :TensileTesting :WearTesting ) . + owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en . + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :CyclicChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;"^^xsd:string ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . + owl:annotatedSource :StepChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . + +[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; + owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :CreepTesting :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :FatigueTesting :FibDic :HardnessTesting :Nanoindentation :ShearOrTorsionTesting :TensileTesting :WearTesting ) . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :CalibrationProcess :CharacterisationDataValidation :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess :DataAnalysis :DataPostProcessing :DataPreparation :SampleInspection :SamplePreparation :SamplingProcess ) . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Collection"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -21116,43 +21158,31 @@ A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en . +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en . +[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en . + [] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a ; - owl:annotatedTarget """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Particle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -21160,18 +21190,6 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can owl:annotatedTarget "PhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Matter"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics"@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b5a5494c_83bf_44aa_a9a6_49b948e68939 ; @@ -21179,68 +21197,69 @@ The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Particle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI ; + dcterms:source "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en . + owl:annotatedSource :AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ; - owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:68 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Matter"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_220b7201_d277_4dca_bf6a_5a5e2c4062dd ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_668fbd5b_6f1b_405c_9c6b_d6067bd0595a ; + owl:annotatedTarget """In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_aa987900_caf1_4ce2_82fa_6b1d6fbd2ead ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction."@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "FundamentalBoson"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:92 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; @@ -21248,43 +21267,24 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . -[] a swrl:Imp ; - rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "FundamentalBoson"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . -_:163 owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f . +_:121 owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f . -_:107 a owl:Restriction ; +_:104 a owl:Restriction ; + owl:hasValue ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ; + owl:onProperty _:121 . + +_:89 a owl:Restriction ; owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 . -_:68 a owl:Restriction ; +_:92 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 . -_:69 a owl:Restriction ; - owl:hasValue ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ; - owl:onProperty _:163 . -