diff --git a/.doctrees/chameo.doctree b/.doctrees/chameo.doctree index a9e1680..5f627ce 100644 Binary files a/.doctrees/chameo.doctree and b/.doctrees/chameo.doctree differ diff --git a/.doctrees/environment.pickle b/.doctrees/environment.pickle index 405ff78..7a3c129 100644 Binary files a/.doctrees/environment.pickle and b/.doctrees/environment.pickle differ diff --git a/_sources/chameo.rst.txt b/_sources/chameo.rst.txt index 55a8857..b917d76 100644 --- a/_sources/chameo.rst.txt +++ b/_sources/chameo.rst.txt @@ -34,16 +34,20 @@ ACVoltammetry Annotations - Altlabel - ACV + Elucidation + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 Preflabel ACVoltammetry - Elucidation - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + Altlabel + ACV Comment @@ -57,10 +61,6 @@ ACVoltammetry Comment - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -96,14 +96,14 @@ AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry Annotations - - Preflabel - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - Elucidation electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + Preflabel + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + Comment electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve @@ -143,14 +143,14 @@ AccessConditions Annotations - - Preflabel - AccessConditions - Elucidation Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + + Preflabel + AccessConditions + Comment Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment @@ -191,16 +191,16 @@ AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry Annotations - Altlabel - AdSV + Elucidation + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). Preflabel AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Elucidation - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + Altlabel + AdSV Comment @@ -245,14 +245,14 @@ AlphaSpectrometry Annotations - - Preflabel - AlphaSpectrometry - Elucidation Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + Preflabel + AlphaSpectrometry + Comment Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. @@ -288,14 +288,14 @@ Amperometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Amperometry - Elucidation The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + + Preflabel + Amperometry + Comment Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. @@ -339,14 +339,14 @@ AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + Preflabel + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Comment Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. @@ -382,22 +382,22 @@ AnodicStrippingVoltammetry Annotations - - Preflabel - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - Elucidation Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - - Comment - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + + Preflabel + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + + + Comment + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -434,20 +434,20 @@ AtomProbeTomography Annotations - Altlabel - 3D Atom Probe - - - Altlabel - APT + Elucidation + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. Preflabel AtomProbeTomography - Elucidation - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + Altlabel + 3D Atom Probe + + + Altlabel + APT Comment @@ -484,14 +484,14 @@ AtomicForceMicroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Elucidation Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + Preflabel + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Comment Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. @@ -563,16 +563,20 @@ BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod Annotations - Altlabel - BET + Elucidation + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 Preflabel BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - Elucidation - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + Altlabel + BET Comment @@ -582,10 +586,6 @@ BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - Label BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod @@ -617,14 +617,14 @@ CalibrationData Annotations - - Preflabel - CalibrationData - Elucidation Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + + Preflabel + CalibrationData + Comment Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. @@ -660,14 +660,14 @@ CalibrationDataPostProcessing Annotations - - Preflabel - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Elucidation Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + Preflabel + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Comment Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. @@ -704,17 +704,13 @@ CalibrationProcess Annotations - Definition - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions
1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and
2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.
NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from
measurement standards.
NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty
for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the
past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.
NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement
standards.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Elucidation + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. Preflabel CalibrationProcess - - Elucidation - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Comment Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. @@ -731,6 +727,10 @@ CalibrationProcess Comment Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + Definition + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions
1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and
2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.
NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from
measurement standards.
NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty
for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the
past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.
NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement
standards.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Example In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. @@ -774,14 +774,14 @@ CalibrationTask Annotations - - Preflabel - CalibrationTask - Elucidation Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + + Preflabel + CalibrationTask + Comment Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. @@ -821,14 +821,14 @@ Calorimetry Annotations - - Preflabel - Calorimetry - Elucidation In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + Preflabel + Calorimetry + Comment In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. @@ -865,25 +865,25 @@ CathodicStrippingVoltammetry Annotations - Altlabel - CSV + Elucidation + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 Preflabel CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - Elucidation - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + Altlabel + CSV Comment Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -958,14 +958,14 @@ CharacterisationData Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationData - Elucidation Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + Preflabel + CharacterisationData + Comment Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process @@ -1001,14 +1001,14 @@ CharacterisationDataValidation Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationDataValidation - Elucidation Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationDataValidation + Comment Procedure to validate the characterisation data. @@ -1044,14 +1044,14 @@ CharacterisationEnvironment Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationEnvironment - Elucidation Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationEnvironment + Comment Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. @@ -1142,14 +1142,14 @@ CharacterisationExperiment Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationExperiment - Elucidation A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationExperiment + Comment A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. @@ -1189,14 +1189,14 @@ CharacterisationHardware Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationHardware - Elucidation Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationHardware + Comment Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. @@ -1272,21 +1272,13 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Annotations - Definition - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - - - Vimterm - Measuring instrument + Elucidation + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. Preflabel CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - Elucidation - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - Comment Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. @@ -1295,6 +1287,14 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Comment The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + + Definition + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + + + Vimterm + Measuring instrument + Example In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter @@ -1347,21 +1347,13 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementProcess Annotations - Definition - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - - Vimterm - Measurement + Elucidation + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. Preflabel CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - - Elucidation - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Comment Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -1371,8 +1363,16 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementProcess The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Label - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Definition + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + + + Vimterm + Measurement + + + Label + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess Formal description @@ -1425,14 +1425,14 @@ CharacterisationMeasurementTask Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Elucidation Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Comment Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. @@ -1472,14 +1472,14 @@ CharacterisationProcedure Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationProcedure - Elucidation The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationProcedure + Comment Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. @@ -1527,14 +1527,14 @@ CharacterisationProcedureValidation Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Elucidation Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Comment Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. @@ -1570,14 +1570,14 @@ CharacterisationProperty Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationProperty - Elucidation The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + + Preflabel + CharacterisationProperty + Comment The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). @@ -1617,14 +1617,14 @@ CharacterisationProtocol Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationProtocol - Elucidation A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationProtocol + Comment A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. @@ -1660,14 +1660,14 @@ CharacterisationSoftware Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationSoftware - Elucidation A software application to process characterisation data + + Preflabel + CharacterisationSoftware + Comment A software application to process characterisation data @@ -1708,29 +1708,29 @@ CharacterisationSystem Annotations - Definition - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - - - Vimterm - Measuring system + Elucidation + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. Preflabel CharacterisationSystem - Elucidation + Comment A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. Comment - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - Comment + Definition Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + + Vimterm + Measuring system + Label CharacterisationSystem @@ -1822,20 +1822,20 @@ CharacterisationTechnique Annotations - Altlabel - Characterisation procedure - - - Altlabel - Characterisation technique + Elucidation + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). Preflabel CharacterisationTechnique - Elucidation - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Altlabel + Characterisation procedure + + + Altlabel + Characterisation technique Comment @@ -1880,14 +1880,14 @@ CharacterisationWorkflow Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationWorkflow - Elucidation A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationWorkflow + Comment A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. @@ -1935,14 +1935,14 @@ CharacterisedSample Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisedSample - Elucidation The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + Preflabel + CharacterisedSample + Comment The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process @@ -2017,14 +2017,14 @@ Chromatography Annotations - - Preflabel - Chromatography - Elucidation In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + + Preflabel + Chromatography + Comment In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. @@ -2065,20 +2065,20 @@ Chronoamperometry Annotations - Altlabel - AmperiometricDetection - - - Altlabel - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Elucidation + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. Preflabel Chronoamperometry - Elucidation - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + Altlabel + AmperiometricDetection + + + Altlabel + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve Comment @@ -2119,14 +2119,14 @@ Chronocoulometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Chronocoulometry - Elucidation Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + + Preflabel + Chronocoulometry + Comment Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. @@ -2166,14 +2166,14 @@ Chronopotentiometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Chronopotentiometry - Elucidation Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + + Preflabel + Chronopotentiometry + Comment Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. @@ -2213,14 +2213,14 @@ CompressionTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - CompressionTesting - Elucidation Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + + Preflabel + CompressionTesting + Comment Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. @@ -2256,22 +2256,22 @@ ConductometricTitration Annotations - - Preflabel - ConductometricTitration - Elucidation Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - - Comment - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + + Preflabel + ConductometricTitration + + + Comment + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -2307,17 +2307,25 @@ Conductometry Annotations + + Elucidation + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Preflabel Conductometry - Elucidation + Comment Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Comment - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikipediareference @@ -2327,14 +2335,6 @@ Conductometry Example Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label Conductometry @@ -2366,14 +2366,14 @@ ConfocalMicroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - ConfocalMicroscopy - Elucidation Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + + Preflabel + ConfocalMicroscopy + Comment Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. @@ -2409,14 +2409,14 @@ CoulometricTitration Annotations - - Preflabel - CoulometricTitration - Elucidation Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + + Preflabel + CoulometricTitration + Comment Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. @@ -2452,33 +2452,33 @@ Coulometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Coulometry - Elucidation Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Comment - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + Preflabel + Coulometry - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + Comment + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + + + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry Label @@ -2511,14 +2511,14 @@ CreepTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - CreepTesting - Elucidation The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + + Preflabel + CreepTesting + Comment The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. @@ -2593,10 +2593,6 @@ CyclicChronopotentiometry Annotations - - Preflabel - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. @@ -2605,6 +2601,10 @@ CyclicChronopotentiometry Elucidation chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + Preflabel + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Comment Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. @@ -2640,38 +2640,38 @@ CyclicVoltammetry Annotations - - Altlabel - CV - - - Preflabel - CyclicVoltammetry - Elucidation Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - Comment - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + Dbpediareference + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - Dbpediareference - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Preflabel + CyclicVoltammetry + + + Altlabel + CV + + + Comment + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + Label CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2703,14 +2703,14 @@ DCPolarography Annotations - - Preflabel - DCPolarography - Elucidation Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + + Preflabel + DCPolarography + Comment Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. @@ -2750,14 +2750,14 @@ DataAcquisitionRate Annotations - - Preflabel - DataAcquisitionRate - Elucidation Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + Preflabel + DataAcquisitionRate + Comment Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. @@ -2793,14 +2793,14 @@ DataAnalysis Annotations - - Preflabel - DataAnalysis - Elucidation Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + Preflabel + DataAnalysis + Comment Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. @@ -2836,14 +2836,14 @@ DataFiltering Annotations - - Preflabel - DataFiltering - Elucidation Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + Preflabel + DataFiltering + Comment Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. @@ -2879,14 +2879,14 @@ DataNormalisation Annotations - - Preflabel - DataNormalisation - Elucidation Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + + Preflabel + DataNormalisation + Comment It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. @@ -2930,14 +2930,14 @@ DataPostProcessing Annotations - - Preflabel - DataPostProcessing - Elucidation Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + Preflabel + DataPostProcessing + Comment Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. @@ -2973,14 +2973,14 @@ DataPreparation Annotations - - Preflabel - DataPreparation - Elucidation Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + Preflabel + DataPreparation + Comment Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. @@ -3016,14 +3016,14 @@ DataProcessingThroughCalibration Annotations - - Preflabel - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Elucidation Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + Preflabel + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Comment Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. @@ -3059,14 +3059,14 @@ DataQuality Annotations - - Preflabel - DataQuality - Elucidation Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + + Preflabel + DataQuality + Comment Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. @@ -3106,14 +3106,14 @@ Detector Annotations - - Preflabel - Detector - Elucidation Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + + Preflabel + Detector + Comment Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. @@ -3157,14 +3157,14 @@ DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Elucidation Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + + Preflabel + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Comment Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. @@ -3200,14 +3200,14 @@ Dielectrometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Dielectrometry - Elucidation Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + + Preflabel + Dielectrometry + Comment Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. @@ -3247,14 +3247,14 @@ DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry Annotations - - Preflabel - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Elucidation Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + Preflabel + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Comment Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. @@ -3291,33 +3291,33 @@ DifferentialPulseVoltammetry Annotations - Altlabel - DPV + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 Preflabel DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Altlabel + DPV Comment Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + Label DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -3389,16 +3389,16 @@ DifferentialScanningCalorimetry Annotations - Altlabel - DSC + Elucidation + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. Preflabel DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Elucidation - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + Altlabel + DSC Comment @@ -3435,14 +3435,14 @@ DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry Annotations - - Preflabel - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Elucidation Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + Preflabel + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Comment Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. @@ -3479,16 +3479,16 @@ DifferentialThermalAnalysis Annotations - Altlabel - DTA + Elucidation + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. Preflabel DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Elucidation - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + Altlabel + DTA Comment @@ -3525,14 +3525,14 @@ Dilatometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Dilatometry - Elucidation Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + Preflabel + Dilatometry + Comment Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. @@ -3568,14 +3568,14 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent Annotations - - Preflabel - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Elucidation Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + + Preflabel + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Comment Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. @@ -3611,10 +3611,6 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential Annotations - - Preflabel - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Elucidation Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. @@ -3623,6 +3619,10 @@ DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential Elucidation In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + + Preflabel + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Comment Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. @@ -3666,14 +3666,14 @@ DirectCurrentInternalResistance Annotations - - Preflabel - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Elucidation Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + + Preflabel + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Comment Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. @@ -3710,16 +3710,16 @@ DynamicLightScattering Annotations - Altlabel - DLS + Elucidation + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). Preflabel DynamicLightScattering - Elucidation - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + Altlabel + DLS Comment @@ -3756,14 +3756,14 @@ DynamicMechanicalAnalysis Annotations - - Preflabel - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Elucidation Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + Preflabel + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Comment Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. @@ -3800,16 +3800,16 @@ DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy Annotations - Altlabel - DMA + Elucidation + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. Preflabel DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Elucidation - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + Altlabel + DMA Comment @@ -3847,25 +3847,25 @@ ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy Annotations - Altlabel - EIS + Elucidation + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 Preflabel ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - Elucidation - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + Altlabel + EIS Comment Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -3901,14 +3901,14 @@ ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry Annotations - - Preflabel - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Elucidation Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + + Preflabel + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Comment Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. @@ -3948,14 +3948,14 @@ ElectrochemicalTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - ElectrochemicalTesting - Elucidation In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + + Preflabel + ElectrochemicalTesting + Comment In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity @@ -3995,10 +3995,6 @@ Electrogravimetry Annotations - - Preflabel - Electrogravimetry - Elucidation Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. @@ -4008,21 +4004,25 @@ Electrogravimetry method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Comment - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + Preflabel + Electrogravimetry - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + Comment + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + Label Electrogravimetry @@ -4055,16 +4055,16 @@ ElectronBackscatterDiffraction Annotations - Altlabel - EBSD + Elucidation + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. Preflabel ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Elucidation - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + Altlabel + EBSD Comment @@ -4105,14 +4105,14 @@ ElectronProbeMicroanalysis Annotations - - Preflabel - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Elucidation Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + + Preflabel + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Comment Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. @@ -4148,14 +4148,14 @@ Ellipsometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Ellipsometry - Elucidation Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + Preflabel + Ellipsometry + Comment Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. @@ -4192,20 +4192,24 @@ EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy Annotations - Altlabel - EDS + Elucidation + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - Altlabel - EDX + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 Preflabel EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - Elucidation - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + Altlabel + EDS + + + Altlabel + EDX Comment @@ -4215,10 +4219,6 @@ EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - Label EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy @@ -4250,14 +4250,14 @@ EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + + Preflabel + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + Comment The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. @@ -4293,14 +4293,14 @@ Exafs Annotations - - Preflabel - Exafs - Elucidation Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + + Preflabel + Exafs + Comment Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. @@ -4336,14 +4336,14 @@ FatigueTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - FatigueTesting - Elucidation Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + Preflabel + FatigueTesting + Comment Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. @@ -4380,16 +4380,16 @@ FibDic Annotations - Altlabel - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + Elucidation + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). Preflabel FibDic - Elucidation - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + Altlabel + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis Comment @@ -4427,16 +4427,16 @@ FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations - Altlabel - FE-SEM + Elucidation + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. Preflabel FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + Altlabel + FE-SEM Comment @@ -4474,16 +4474,20 @@ FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy Annotations - Altlabel - FTIR + Elucidation + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 Preflabel FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - Elucidation - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + Altlabel + FTIR Comment @@ -4493,10 +4497,6 @@ FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - Label FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy @@ -4528,14 +4528,14 @@ Fractography Annotations - - Preflabel - Fractography - Elucidation Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + Preflabel + Fractography + Comment Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. @@ -4571,14 +4571,14 @@ FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry Annotations - - Preflabel - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - Elucidation The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + Preflabel + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + Comment The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. @@ -4615,25 +4615,25 @@ GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique Annotations - Altlabel - GITT + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 Preflabel GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + Altlabel + GITT Comment Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - Label GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique @@ -4665,14 +4665,14 @@ GammaSpectrometry Annotations - - Preflabel - GammaSpectrometry - Elucidation Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + Preflabel + GammaSpectrometry + Comment Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. @@ -4709,16 +4709,16 @@ GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Annotations - Altlabel - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Elucidation + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. Preflabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Elucidation - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + Altlabel + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Comment @@ -4755,14 +4755,14 @@ Grinding Annotations - - Preflabel - Grinding - Elucidation Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + + Preflabel + Grinding + Comment Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. @@ -4799,20 +4799,20 @@ HPPC Annotations - Altlabel - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - - - Altlabel - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. Preflabel HPPC - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + Altlabel + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + + + Altlabel + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization Comment @@ -4849,14 +4849,14 @@ HardnessTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - HardnessTesting - Elucidation A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + Preflabel + HardnessTesting + Comment A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. @@ -4970,14 +4970,14 @@ Hazard Annotations - - Preflabel - Hazard - Elucidation Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + Preflabel + Hazard + Comment Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. @@ -5013,14 +5013,14 @@ Holder Annotations - - Preflabel - Holder - Elucidation An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + + Preflabel + Holder + Comment An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. @@ -5056,30 +5056,30 @@ HydrodynamicVoltammetry Annotations - - Preflabel - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - Elucidation Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - Comment - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + Preflabel + HydrodynamicVoltammetry - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Comment + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + Label HydrodynamicVoltammetry @@ -5112,16 +5112,16 @@ ICI Annotations - Altlabel - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. Preflabel ICI - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + Altlabel + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod Comment @@ -5158,14 +5158,14 @@ Impedimetry Annotations - - Preflabel - Impedimetry - Elucidation Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + + Preflabel + Impedimetry + Comment Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. @@ -5205,14 +5205,14 @@ InteractionVolume Annotations - - Preflabel - InteractionVolume - Elucidation The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + + Preflabel + InteractionVolume + Comment In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. @@ -5303,14 +5303,14 @@ IonChromatography Annotations - - Preflabel - IonChromatography - Elucidation Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + + Preflabel + IonChromatography + Comment Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. @@ -5351,16 +5351,16 @@ IonMobilitySpectrometry Annotations - Altlabel - IMS + Elucidation + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. Preflabel IonMobilitySpectrometry - Elucidation - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + Altlabel + IMS Comment @@ -5398,16 +5398,16 @@ IsothermalMicrocalorimetry Annotations - Altlabel - IMC + Elucidation + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. Preflabel IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Elucidation - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + Altlabel + IMC Comment @@ -5444,14 +5444,14 @@ Laboratory Annotations - - Preflabel - Laboratory - Elucidation The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + Preflabel + Laboratory + Comment The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. @@ -5487,14 +5487,14 @@ LevelOfAutomation Annotations - - Preflabel - LevelOfAutomation - Elucidation Describes the level of automation of the test. + + Preflabel + LevelOfAutomation + Comment Describes the level of automation of the test. @@ -5530,14 +5530,14 @@ LevelOfExpertise Annotations - - Preflabel - LevelOfExpertise - Elucidation Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + Preflabel + LevelOfExpertise + Comment Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). @@ -5573,14 +5573,14 @@ LightScattering Annotations - - Preflabel - LightScattering - Elucidation Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + + Preflabel + LightScattering + Comment Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. @@ -5616,10 +5616,6 @@ LinearChronopotentiometry Annotations - - Preflabel - LinearChronopotentiometry - Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. @@ -5628,6 +5624,10 @@ LinearChronopotentiometry Elucidation chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + Preflabel + LinearChronopotentiometry + Comment Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. @@ -5663,6 +5663,18 @@ LinearScanVoltammetry Annotations + + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + + + Preflabel + LinearScanVoltammetry + Altlabel LSV @@ -5676,29 +5688,17 @@ LinearScanVoltammetry LinearSweepVoltammetry - Preflabel - LinearScanVoltammetry - - - Elucidation + Comment Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - Comment - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label LinearScanVoltammetry @@ -5730,14 +5730,14 @@ MassSpectrometry Annotations - - Preflabel - MassSpectrometry - Elucidation Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + Preflabel + MassSpectrometry + Comment Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. @@ -5773,14 +5773,14 @@ MeasurementDataPostProcessing Annotations - - Preflabel - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Elucidation Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + + Preflabel + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Comment Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. @@ -5824,14 +5824,14 @@ MeasurementParameter Annotations - - Preflabel - MeasurementParameter - Elucidation Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + Preflabel + MeasurementParameter + Comment Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. @@ -5872,21 +5872,13 @@ MeasurementSystemAdjustment Annotations - Definition - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - - - Vimterm - Adjustment + Elucidation + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. Preflabel MeasurementSystemAdjustment - - Elucidation - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Comment Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. @@ -5899,6 +5891,14 @@ MeasurementSystemAdjustment Comment Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + + Definition + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + + + Vimterm + Adjustment + Label MeasurementSystemAdjustment @@ -5930,14 +5930,14 @@ MeasurementTime Annotations - - Preflabel - MeasurementTime - Elucidation The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + + Preflabel + MeasurementTime + Comment The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. @@ -5977,14 +5977,14 @@ MechanicalTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - MechanicalTesting - Elucidation Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + + Preflabel + MechanicalTesting + Comment Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. @@ -6024,14 +6024,14 @@ MembraneOsmometry Annotations - - Preflabel - MembraneOsmometry - Elucidation In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + + Preflabel + MembraneOsmometry + Comment In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. @@ -6071,14 +6071,14 @@ MercuryPorosimetry Annotations - - Preflabel - MercuryPorosimetry - Elucidation A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + + Preflabel + MercuryPorosimetry + Comment A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. @@ -6118,14 +6118,14 @@ Microscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - Microscopy - Elucidation Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + + Preflabel + Microscopy + Comment Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. @@ -6165,14 +6165,14 @@ Milling Annotations - - Preflabel - Milling - Elucidation Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + + Preflabel + Milling + Comment Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. @@ -6208,14 +6208,14 @@ Mounting Annotations - - Preflabel - Mounting - Elucidation The sample is mounted on a holder. + + Preflabel + Mounting + Comment The sample is mounted on a holder. @@ -6256,17 +6256,17 @@ Nanoindentation Iri https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Nanoindentation - - Annotations - - - Preflabel - Nanoindentation + + Annotations Elucidation Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + + Preflabel + Nanoindentation + Comment Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. @@ -6311,16 +6311,16 @@ NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy Annotations - Altlabel - NSE + Elucidation + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. Preflabel NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Elucidation - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + Altlabel + NSE Comment @@ -6357,14 +6357,14 @@ Nexafs Annotations - - Preflabel - Nexafs - Elucidation Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + Preflabel + Nexafs + Comment Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. @@ -6401,16 +6401,16 @@ NormalPulseVoltammetry Annotations - Altlabel - NPV + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. Preflabel NormalPulseVoltammetry - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Altlabel + NPV Comment @@ -6452,20 +6452,20 @@ NuclearMagneticResonance Annotations - Altlabel - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - - - Altlabel - NMR + Elucidation + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. Preflabel NuclearMagneticResonance - Elucidation - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Altlabel + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + + + Altlabel + NMR Comment @@ -6503,16 +6503,16 @@ OpenCircuitHold Annotations - Altlabel - OCVHold + Elucidation + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). Preflabel OpenCircuitHold - Elucidation - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + Altlabel + OCVHold Comment @@ -6549,14 +6549,14 @@ Operator Annotations - - Preflabel - Operator - Elucidation The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + Preflabel + Operator + Comment The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. @@ -6600,14 +6600,14 @@ OpticalMicroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - OpticalMicroscopy - Elucidation Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + + Preflabel + OpticalMicroscopy + Comment Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. @@ -6682,14 +6682,14 @@ Osmometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Osmometry - Elucidation Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + Preflabel + Osmometry + Comment Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). @@ -6725,14 +6725,14 @@ PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Elucidation Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + + Preflabel + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Comment Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. @@ -6768,14 +6768,14 @@ PhysicsOfInteraction Annotations - - Preflabel - PhysicsOfInteraction - Elucidation Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + + Preflabel + PhysicsOfInteraction + Comment Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. @@ -6823,14 +6823,14 @@ Polishing Annotations - - Preflabel - Polishing - Elucidation Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + Preflabel + Polishing + Comment Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. @@ -6905,14 +6905,14 @@ PostProcessingModel Annotations - - Preflabel - PostProcessingModel - Elucidation Mathematical model used to process data. + + Preflabel + PostProcessingModel + Comment The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. @@ -6960,14 +6960,6 @@ PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Annotations - - Altlabel - PSA - - - Preflabel - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Elucidation Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. @@ -6976,6 +6968,14 @@ PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis Elucidation two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + Preflabel + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + + + Altlabel + PSA + Comment Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. @@ -7027,30 +7027,30 @@ Potentiometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Potentiometry - Elucidation Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - - Comment - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Preflabel + Potentiometry + + + Comment + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label Potentiometry @@ -7082,14 +7082,14 @@ PreparedSample Annotations - - Preflabel - PreparedSample - Elucidation The sample after a preparation process. + + Preflabel + PreparedSample + Comment The sample after a preparation process. @@ -7125,14 +7125,14 @@ PrimaryData Annotations - - Preflabel - PrimaryData - Elucidation Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + + Preflabel + PrimaryData + Comment Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. @@ -7172,14 +7172,14 @@ Probe Annotations - - Preflabel - Probe - Elucidation Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + + Preflabel + Probe + Comment Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. @@ -7239,14 +7239,14 @@ ProbeSampleInteraction Annotations - - Preflabel - ProbeSampleInteraction - Elucidation Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + + Preflabel + ProbeSampleInteraction + Comment Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal @@ -7294,14 +7294,14 @@ ProcessingReproducibility Annotations - - Preflabel - ProcessingReproducibility - Elucidation Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + + Preflabel + ProcessingReproducibility + Comment Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) @@ -7341,14 +7341,14 @@ Profilometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Profilometry - Elucidation Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + Preflabel + Profilometry + Comment Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. @@ -7389,16 +7389,16 @@ PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod Annotations - Altlabel - PseudoOCV + Elucidation + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage Preflabel PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - Elucidation - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + Altlabel + PseudoOCV Comment @@ -7439,14 +7439,14 @@ PulsedElectroacousticMethod Annotations - - Preflabel - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - Elucidation The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + + Preflabel + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + Comment The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. @@ -7490,14 +7490,14 @@ RamanSpectroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - RamanSpectroscopy - Elucidation Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + Preflabel + RamanSpectroscopy + Comment Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. @@ -7537,14 +7537,14 @@ Rationale Annotations - - Preflabel - Rationale - Elucidation A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + + Preflabel + Rationale + Comment A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief @@ -7580,10 +7580,6 @@ RawData Annotations - - Preflabel - RawData - Elucidation Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. @@ -7592,6 +7588,10 @@ RawData Elucidation The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + + Preflabel + RawData + Comment In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. @@ -7691,12 +7691,12 @@ ReferenceSample Annotations - Definition - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Elucidation + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Definition - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Preflabel + ReferenceSample Altlabel @@ -7711,28 +7711,28 @@ ReferenceSample ReferenceSpecimen - Vimterm - Reference material - - - Preflabel - ReferenceSample + Comment + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Elucidation + Comment Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. Comment + + + + Definition Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Comment - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Definition + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - Comment - + Vimterm + Reference material Label @@ -7766,16 +7766,16 @@ Sample Annotations - Altlabel - Specimen + Elucidation + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. Preflabel Sample - Elucidation - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Altlabel + Specimen Comment @@ -7824,14 +7824,14 @@ SampleExtraction Annotations - - Preflabel - SampleExtraction - Elucidation Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + + Preflabel + SampleExtraction + Comment The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. @@ -7879,14 +7879,14 @@ SampleInspection Annotations - - Preflabel - SampleInspection - Elucidation Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + + Preflabel + SampleInspection + Comment Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. @@ -7969,14 +7969,14 @@ SampleInspectionParameter Annotations - - Preflabel - SampleInspectionParameter - Elucidation Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + Preflabel + SampleInspectionParameter + Comment Parameter used for the sample inspection process @@ -8016,14 +8016,14 @@ SamplePreparation Annotations - - Preflabel - SamplePreparation - Elucidation Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + Preflabel + SamplePreparation + Comment Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. @@ -8118,14 +8118,14 @@ SamplePreparationParameter Annotations - - Preflabel - SamplePreparationParameter - Elucidation Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + Preflabel + SamplePreparationParameter + Comment Parameter used for the sample preparation process @@ -8166,16 +8166,16 @@ SampledDCPolarography Annotations - Altlabel - TASTPolarography + Elucidation + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. Preflabel SampledDCPolarography - Elucidation - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + Altlabel + TASTPolarography Comment @@ -8225,16 +8225,16 @@ ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy Annotations - Altlabel - AES + Elucidation + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. Preflabel ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + Altlabel + AES Comment @@ -8276,16 +8276,16 @@ ScanningElectronMicroscopy Annotations - Altlabel - SEM + Elucidation + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. Preflabel ScanningElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + Altlabel + SEM Comment @@ -8327,16 +8327,16 @@ ScanningKelvinProbe Annotations - Altlabel - SKB + Elucidation + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. Preflabel ScanningKelvinProbe - Elucidation - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + Altlabel + SKB Comment @@ -8377,14 +8377,14 @@ ScanningProbeMicroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Elucidation Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + Preflabel + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Comment Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. @@ -8425,16 +8425,16 @@ ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy Annotations - Altlabel - STM + Elucidation + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. Preflabel ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Elucidation - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + Altlabel + STM Comment @@ -8515,16 +8515,16 @@ SecondaryData Annotations - Altlabel - Elaborated data + Elucidation + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. Preflabel SecondaryData - Elucidation - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Altlabel + Elaborated data Comment @@ -8574,16 +8574,16 @@ SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry Annotations - Altlabel - SIMS + Elucidation + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. Preflabel SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Elucidation - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + Altlabel + SIMS Comment @@ -8664,17 +8664,13 @@ Signal Annotations - Definition - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Elucidation + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. Preflabel Signal - - Elucidation - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Comment Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. @@ -8695,6 +8691,10 @@ Signal Comment + + Definition + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Label Signal @@ -8726,14 +8726,14 @@ Spectrometry Annotations - - Preflabel - Spectrometry - Elucidation Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + Preflabel + Spectrometry + Comment Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. @@ -8773,14 +8773,14 @@ Spectroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - Spectroscopy - Elucidation Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + Preflabel + Spectroscopy + Comment Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. @@ -8820,6 +8820,18 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry Annotations + + Elucidation + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + + + Preflabel + SquareWaveVoltammetry + Altlabel OSWV @@ -8832,14 +8844,6 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry Altlabel SWV - - Preflabel - SquareWaveVoltammetry - - - Elucidation - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - Comment Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. @@ -8860,18 +8864,14 @@ SquareWaveVoltammetry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + Label SquareWaveVoltammetry @@ -8903,14 +8903,14 @@ StepChronopotentiometry Annotations - - Preflabel - StepChronopotentiometry - Elucidation chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + Preflabel + StepChronopotentiometry + Comment chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps @@ -8950,14 +8950,14 @@ StrippingVoltammetry Annotations - - Preflabel - StrippingVoltammetry - Elucidation two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + + Preflabel + StrippingVoltammetry + Comment Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. @@ -8986,14 +8986,14 @@ StrippingVoltammetry Comment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + Label StrippingVoltammetry @@ -9065,16 +9065,16 @@ TensileTesting Annotations - Altlabel - TensionTest + Elucidation + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. Preflabel TensileTesting - Elucidation - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + Altlabel + TensionTest Comment @@ -9116,16 +9116,16 @@ ThermochemicalTesting Annotations - Altlabel - TMA + Elucidation + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. Preflabel ThermochemicalTesting - Elucidation - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + Altlabel + TMA Comment @@ -9167,16 +9167,16 @@ Thermogravimetry Annotations - Altlabel - TGA + Elucidation + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). Preflabel Thermogravimetry - Elucidation - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + Altlabel + TGA Comment @@ -9218,16 +9218,20 @@ ThreePointBendingTesting Annotations - Altlabel - ThreePointFlexuralTest + Elucidation + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 Preflabel ThreePointBendingTesting - Elucidation - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + Altlabel + ThreePointFlexuralTest Comment @@ -9241,10 +9245,6 @@ ThreePointBendingTesting Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Label ThreePointBendingTesting @@ -9276,14 +9276,14 @@ Tomography Annotations - - Preflabel - Tomography - Elucidation Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + + Preflabel + Tomography + Comment Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. @@ -9320,16 +9320,16 @@ TransmissionElectronMicroscopy Annotations - Altlabel - TEM + Elucidation + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. Preflabel TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + Altlabel + TEM Comment @@ -9370,14 +9370,14 @@ UltrasonicTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - UltrasonicTesting - Elucidation Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + + Preflabel + UltrasonicTesting + Comment Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. @@ -9413,14 +9413,14 @@ UserCase Annotations - - Preflabel - UserCase - Elucidation High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + Preflabel + UserCase + Comment High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. @@ -9457,16 +9457,16 @@ VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry Annotations - Altlabel - VPO + Elucidation + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. Preflabel VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Elucidation - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + Altlabel + VPO Comment @@ -9508,16 +9508,16 @@ Viscometry Annotations - Altlabel - Viscosity + Elucidation + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. Preflabel Viscometry - Elucidation - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Altlabel + Viscosity Comment @@ -9558,14 +9558,18 @@ Voltammetry Annotations - - Preflabel - Voltammetry - Elucidation Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + + + Preflabel + Voltammetry + Comment The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. @@ -9579,20 +9583,16 @@ Voltammetry - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry Label @@ -9625,14 +9625,14 @@ VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode Annotations - - Preflabel - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Elucidation Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + + Preflabel + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Comment Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation @@ -9672,14 +9672,14 @@ WearTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - WearTesting - Elucidation A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + Preflabel + WearTesting + Comment A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. @@ -9716,20 +9716,20 @@ XpsVariableKinetic Annotations - Altlabel - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - - - Altlabel - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + Elucidation + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. Preflabel XpsVariableKinetic - Elucidation - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Altlabel + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + + + Altlabel + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Comment @@ -9767,16 +9767,20 @@ XrayDiffraction Annotations - Altlabel - XRD + Elucidation + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 Preflabel XrayDiffraction - Elucidation - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + Altlabel + XRD Comment @@ -9790,10 +9794,6 @@ XrayDiffraction Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - Label XrayDiffraction @@ -9826,16 +9826,16 @@ XrayPowderDiffraction Annotations - Altlabel - XRPD + Elucidation + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample Preflabel XrayPowderDiffraction - Elucidation - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + Altlabel + XRPD Comment @@ -9999,14 +9999,14 @@ hasBeginCharacterisationTask Annotations - - Altlabel - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - Preflabel hasBeginCharacterisationTask + + Altlabel + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + Comment @@ -10046,14 +10046,14 @@ hasCharacterisationComponent Annotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationComponent - Preflabel hasCharacterisationComponent + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationComponent + Comment @@ -10093,14 +10093,14 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironment Annotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironment + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + Comment @@ -10140,14 +10140,14 @@ hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty Annotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + Comment @@ -10187,14 +10187,14 @@ hasCharacterisationInput Annotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationInput - Preflabel hasCharacterisationInput + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationInput + Comment @@ -10234,14 +10234,14 @@ hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument Annotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - Preflabel hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + Comment @@ -10281,14 +10281,14 @@ hasCharacterisationOutput Annotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationOutput - Preflabel hasCharacterisationOutput + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationOutput + Comment @@ -10371,14 +10371,14 @@ hasCharacterisationProperty Annotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationProperty - Preflabel hasCharacterisationProperty + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationProperty + Comment @@ -10418,14 +10418,14 @@ hasCharacterisationSoftware Annotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationSoftware - Preflabel hasCharacterisationSoftware + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationSoftware + Comment @@ -10465,14 +10465,14 @@ hasCharacterisationTask Annotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationTask - Preflabel hasCharacterisationTask + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationTask + Comment @@ -10727,14 +10727,14 @@ hasEndCharacterisationTask Annotations - - Altlabel - hasEndCharacterizationTask - Preflabel hasEndCharacterisationTask + + Altlabel + hasEndCharacterizationTask + Comment @@ -10928,6 +10928,37 @@ hasInstrumentForCalibration +.. raw:: html + +
+ + +hasInstrumentToBeCalibrated +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. raw:: html + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasInstrumentToBeCalibrated
Annotations
Formal description
Subclass OfObjectProperty
Subclass OfhasTemporaryParticipant
+ .. raw:: html
@@ -11161,14 +11192,14 @@ hasManufacturer Annotations - - Preflabel - hasManufacturer - Elucidation A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + + Preflabel + hasManufacturer + Comment A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -11423,14 +11454,14 @@ hasModel Annotations - - Preflabel - hasModel - Elucidation A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + + Preflabel + hasModel + Comment A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -12033,14 +12064,14 @@ hasUniqueID Annotations - - Preflabel - hasUniqueID - Elucidation A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + + Preflabel + hasUniqueID + Comment A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware diff --git a/chameo-inferred.owl b/chameo-inferred.owl index 6ca0d82..c303a62 100644 --- a/chameo-inferred.owl +++ b/chameo-inferred.owl @@ -51,24 +51,66 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png - - - + + + + - Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. - hasObjectiveProperty - hasObjectiveProperty + A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit. + hasMeasurementUnit + hasMeasurementUnit + Length hasUnit only LengthUnit - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - hasProperty - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + + + + + + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + hasEndTile + hasTemporalLast + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + + + + + + + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + hasPart + hasPart + The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. + All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. + + + + + + + + hasManufacturedOutput + hasManufacturedOutput + + + + + + + hasProductOutput + hasProductOutput + + + + + + + The input of a process. + hasInput + hasInput + The input of a process. @@ -82,26 +124,67 @@ The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - - - - - - A conventional semiotic relation that relates a physical quantity to its unit. - hasMeasurementUnit - hasMeasurementUnit - Length hasUnit only LengthUnit + + + + + + hasCharacterisationSoftware + hasCharacterizationSoftware + hasCharacterisationSoftware - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - hasReferencePart - hasReferencePart - Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + + + + + + + The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + hasProperPart + hasProperPart + The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + + + + + + + + hasMeasurementDetector + hasMeasurementDetector + + + + + + + + + + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + isProperPartOf + isProperPartOf + The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + + + + + + isPartOf + isPartOf + + + + + + + + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + hasBeginTile + hasTemporalFirst + hasBeginTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. @@ -117,110 +200,72 @@ A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - - - - - - - - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - hasSpatioTemporalTile - hasWellFormedTile - hasSpatioTemporalTile - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + + + + + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + hasOutput + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - - - - - - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - isNotCauseOf - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + + + + + + + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + hasHolisticOverlap + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + A man and the process of building a house. +The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. +The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. +The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. +In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - - - - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - causal - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + + + + + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + hasSampleInspectionInstrument - - - - - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - isCauseOf - isCauseOf - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. - The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. -While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. + + + + + + + hasBeginCharacterisationTask + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - hasMember - hasMember - The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - - - - - - - hasMaximalPart - hasMaximalPart - - - - - - - - hasSubItem - hasSubItem + + + + hasBeginTask + hasBeginTask - - - - - - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - hasGatheredPart - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + + + + + + + hasSampledSample + hasSampledSample @@ -255,49 +300,186 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens hasMetrologicalReference - - - - - hasCharacterisationOutput - hasCharacterizationOutput - hasCharacterisationOutput + + + + + + + + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + hasNext + isBefore + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. - - - - - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - hasOutput - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + + + + + + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + isDirectCauseOf + isDirectCauseOf + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. - - - - + + + + + + isTemporallyBefore + isTemporallyBefore + + + + + + + + + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + contacts + hasSpatiialnteractionWith + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. + + + + + + + + + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + hasItemPart + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + + + + + + + + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + hasScatteredPart + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + + + + + + + + + isSpatiallyRelatedWith + isSpatiallyRelatedWith + + + + + + + + + + + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + hasPortionPart + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + + + + + + hasNonMaximalPart + hasNonMaximalPart + + + + + + isPortionPartOf + isPortionPartOf + + + + + + + + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + hasGatheredPart + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + + + + + + - hasInteractionVolume - hasInteractionVolume + hasMeasurementSample + hasMeasurementSample - - - - - - Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. + + + + + + + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + equalsTo + equalsTo + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + -Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - hasParticipant - hasParticipant - The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + + + + + + + + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + hasSpatioTemporalTile + hasWellFormedTile + hasSpatioTemporalTile + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. @@ -322,36 +504,58 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally This relation is a simple collector of all relations inverse functional direct parthoods that can be defined in specialised theories using reductionism. - - - - - - - The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - hasProperPart - hasProperPart - The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasDescription + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationTask - hasCharacterizationTask - hasCharacterisationTask + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + hasConvention + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - + + + + + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + hasSpatialPart + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + + + + + + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + isNotCauseOf + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + + + - - - - hasTask - hasTask + + + + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart @@ -366,113 +570,73 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - - - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - hasSpatialSlice - hasSpatialIntegralPart - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - - - - - + + - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - hasSpatialPart - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + hasNonTemporalPart + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - - - + + + - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - hasCognised - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasInterpretant + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - + - - - - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - hasReferent - hasSemioticObject - hasReferent - A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - - - - - - - - - hasPostProcessingModel - hasPostProcessingModel - - - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. - -The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. - hasConventionalProperty - hasConventionalProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. + + + + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + hasSign + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - - - - - hasManufacturedOutput - hasManufacturedOutput + + + + + + + + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + isPredecessorOf + isAntecedentOf + isPredecessorOf + A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - - - - - hasProductOutput - hasProductOutput + + + + + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + isIndirectCauseOf + isIndirectCauseOf + An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. + A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - - + + - - - + + - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - hasNext - isBefore - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + isConcomitantWith + alongsideOf + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). @@ -488,268 +652,82 @@ This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect caus A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - - - - - hasMaximalCollection - hasMaximalCollection - - - - - - - - hasSubCollection - hasSubCollection + + + + + + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. + hasReferencePart + hasReferencePart + Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - - - - - - - hasScatteredPortion - hasScatteredPortion + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + hasDeclared + hasDeclared + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - - - - - - - - - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - hasPortionPart - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - - - - - - - - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - hasScatteredPart - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - - - - - - - - hasConnectedPortion - hasConnectedPortion - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - hasConvention - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - - - - - - - - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - hasSign - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - - - - - - - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - hasCogniser - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - - - + - - + + - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - hasInterpreter - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - - - - - - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - mereological - mereological - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - - - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationEnvironment - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - hasCharacterisationEnvironment - - - - - - - - - - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - hasInterval - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. + hasReferent + hasSemioticObject + hasReferent + A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - - + - - - - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - hasRedundantPart - hasRedundantPart - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - - - - - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - hasTemporalPart - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - hasBeginTile - hasTemporalFirst - hasBeginTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + hasSpatialSlice + hasSpatialIntegralPart + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - + - - + + - hasAccessConditions - hasAccessConditions + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - - - - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - hasEndTile - hasTemporalLast - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + hasProperty + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - - - + + + - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - hasPart - hasPart - The primitive relation that express the concept of an entity being part of another one. - All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - - - - - - - - - hasSampleForInspection - hasSampleForInspection - - - - - - - - hasMeasurementDetector - hasMeasurementDetector - - - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + overlaps + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. @@ -772,24 +750,89 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - - - - - - hasDataset - hasDataset + + + + + + + hasMeasurementTime + hasMeasurementTime - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - hasDeducer - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + + + + + + + hasInteractionVolume + hasInteractionVolume + + + + + + + + Participation is a parthood relation: you must be part of the process to contribute to it. A participant whose 4D extension is totally contained within the process. + +Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly related to reductionism, but it's a way to categorize temporal regions by the interpreters. + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + hasParticipant + hasParticipant + The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. + + + + + + + Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. + hasObjectiveProperty + hasObjectiveProperty + + + + + + + + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + + + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + + + + + + + hasSubItem + hasSubItem + + + + + + + + hasCharacteriser + hasCharacteriser @@ -803,23 +846,45 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - - - - - - - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - hasHolisticOverlap - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - A man and the process of building a house. -The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. -The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. -The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. -In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + + + + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + mereological + mereological + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + + + + + + + + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + EMMORelation + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + + + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + + + + + + + hasCharacterised + hasCharacterised @@ -844,57 +909,58 @@ In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - + - - + + - hasDataAcquisitionRate - hasDataAcquisitionRate + hasAccessConditions + hasAccessConditions - - - - - - - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - hasItemPart - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasDeducer + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - - - - hasModel - hasModel + + + + + + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + hasInterpreter + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - hasIcon - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + + + + + + + hasReferenceSample + hasReferenceSample - - - - - - - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - hasPortion - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). + + + + + + + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasJunctionTile + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. @@ -909,46 +975,23 @@ In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - - - - - - - notOverlaps - notOverlaps + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasUnitSymbol + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - - + + + - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - overlaps - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - - - - - - - - hasLab - hasLab - - - - - - - - - - - Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. - hasNumericalPart - hasNumericalPart + isGatheredPartOf + isGatheredPartOf @@ -970,339 +1013,280 @@ In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - - - - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - hasTemporalSlice - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - - - + - - + - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + hasHazard + hasHazard - - - - + + + + - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - isDirectCauseOf - isDirectCauseOf - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. + hasMaximalCollection + hasMaximalCollection - - - + + + - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - isIndirectCauseOf - isIndirectCauseOf - An indirect cause is a relation between two entities that is mediated by a intermediate entity. In other words, there are no quantum parts of the causing entity that are direct cause of quantum parts of the caused entity. - A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - - - - - - - - - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasJunctionTile - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - hasDescription - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - - - - - - hasEndTask - hasEndTask + hasMaximalPart + hasMaximalPart - - - - - - - hasHardwareSpecification - hasHardwareSpecification + + + + + + hasSubCollection + hasSubCollection - - + - - + - isSpatiallyRelatedWith - isSpatiallyRelatedWith + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + isCauseOf + isCauseOf + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. + The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. +While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. - - - - + + - isTemporallyBefore - isTemporallyBefore + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + causal + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - - - - + + + + + - hasStatus - hasStatus + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + hasPortion + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). - - - - + + + + + - hasHolisticTemporalPart - hasHolisticTemporalPart - + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - - - - hasBeginTask - hasBeginTask +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + hasRedundantPart + hasRedundantPart + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - - - + + + + - requiresLevelOfExpertise - requiresLevelOfExpertise + hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasSamplePreparationInstrument - - - + + + - hasSampledSample - hasSampledSample + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSampleForPreparation + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - - - - - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - hasInterpretant - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + hasConstitutiveProcess + hasConstitutiveProcess - - + + + + - isOvercrossedBy - isOvercrossedBy + hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalCollection - + + - - A temporal part that is not a slice. - hasTemporalSection - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. + + + + + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasInterval + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - - - - - - - hasLevelOfAutomation - hasLevelOfAutomation - + + + + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - - - - - - hasHazard - hasHazard +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + hasTemporalPart + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - - - - - + + + + + - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - contacts - hasSpatiialnteractionWith - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. + hasMember + hasMember + The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + hasMeasuredProperty + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - - + + + + + - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - equalsTo - equalsTo - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + hasScatteredPortion + hasScatteredPortion - - + + + + - isPartOf - isPartOf - - - - - - - - - hasMeasurementParameter - hasMeasurementParameter + hasConnectedPortion + hasConnectedPortion - - - - - The input of a process. - hasInput - hasInput - The input of a process. - + + + + + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. - - - - - - - - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. - isProperPartOf - isProperPartOf - The inverse relation for hasProperPart. +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. + hasConventionalProperty + hasConventionalProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. - - - - + + + + - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - - - - - - - hasCharacterised - hasCharacterised + hasPhysicsOfInteraction + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - hasDeclared - hasDeclared - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + + + + hasModel + hasModel - - - - - - hasBehaviour - hasBehaviour + + + + + + hasDataset + hasDataset - + - + - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - hasSampleForPreparation - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSampleForInspection + hasSampleForInspection + + + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + hasIcon + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. @@ -1325,120 +1309,116 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - - - - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - hasNonTemporalPart - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - - - - - - isGatheredPartOf - isGatheredPartOf + + + + + + hasTask + hasTask - - - - - - - hasSamplePreparationParameter - hasSamplePreparationParameter + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". - - - - - - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - hasIndex - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + + + + + + + hasPostProcessingModel + hasPostProcessingModel - - - - - - - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - isConcomitantWith - alongsideOf - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasCogniser + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - - - - - - - - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). - isPredecessorOf - isAntecedentOf - isPredecessorOf - A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + + + + + + + hasDataAcquisitionRate + hasDataAcquisitionRate - - - - - - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + + + + + + + hasPeerReviewedArticle + hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - - + + - hasEndCharacterisationTask - hasEndCharacterizationTask - hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasCharacterisationOutput + hasCharacterizationOutput + hasCharacterisationOutput - - - - + + + + isOvercrossedBy + isOvercrossedBy + + + + + + - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - hasSubProcess - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + hasBehaviour + hasBehaviour - - - - + + + + + + hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasHolisticTemporalPart + + + + + + - - hasInteractionWithProbe - hasInteractionWithProbe - - - - - A temporal part that is an item. - hasTemporalItemSlice - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. + + + + + + hasStage + hasStage @@ -1450,68 +1430,44 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - - - - - - hasFractionalCollection - hasFractionalCollection - - - - - - hasNonMaximalPart - hasNonMaximalPart - - - - - - - - hasConstitutiveProcess - hasConstitutiveProcess - - - - - - - Relates a resource to its identifier. - hasResourceIdentifier - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. + + + + + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + hasQuantity + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - - - - - - hasCharacterisationSoftware - hasCharacterizationSoftware - hasCharacterisationSoftware + + + + + + Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. + hasMetricPrefix + hasMetricPrefix - - - - + + + + - hasPeerReviewedArticle - hasPeerReviewedArticle + hasDataQuality + hasDataQuality - - - + + + + - hasMeasurementProbe - hasMeasurementProbe + hasSamplePreparationParameter + hasSamplePreparationParameter @@ -1523,70 +1479,91 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations hasFractionalMember - - - - - - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - hasUnitSymbol - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - - - - - + + - hasInteractionWithSample - hasInteractionWithSample + hasCharacterisationComponent + hasCharacterizationComponent + hasCharacterisationComponent - - + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationTask + hasCharacterizationTask + hasCharacterisationTask + + + + - + - hasReferenceSample - hasReferenceSample + hasInstrumentForCalibration + hasInstrumentForCalibration - - - - - - hasVariable - hasVariable + + + + + + + + + Relates a quantity to its numerical value through spatial direct parthood. + hasNumericalPart + hasNumericalPart - - - - + + + + - hasMeasurementSample - hasMeasurementSample + hasInteractionWithProbe + hasInteractionWithProbe - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - hasMeasuredProperty - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + + hasMeasurementProbe + hasMeasurementProbe - - - + + + + + + hasCharacterisationProperty + hasCharacterizationProperty + hasCharacterisationProperty + + + + + + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + hasSpatialSection + hasSpatialPartialPart + hasSpatialSection + A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. + This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). + This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. +A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. @@ -1598,53 +1575,61 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations hasSubObject - - - - - - hasStage - hasStage + + + + + Relates a resource to its identifier. + hasResourceIdentifier + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. - - - - - - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - hasDeduced - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + + + + + hasCharacterisationInput + hasCharacterizationInput + hasCharacterisationInput - - - - - A temporal part that is a collection. - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. + + + + + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - - - - - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - hasQuantity - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + + + + + + requiresLevelOfExpertise + requiresLevelOfExpertise - - - + + + + - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - hasSampleInspectionInstrument + hasEndCharacterisationTask + hasEndCharacterizationTask + hasEndCharacterisationTask + + + + + + hasEndTask + hasEndTask @@ -1658,25 +1643,6 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations Relates a dataset to its datum. - - - - - - - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - - - - - - hasCharacterisationComponent - hasCharacterizationComponent - hasCharacterisationComponent - - @@ -1685,109 +1651,93 @@ Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations hasServiceOutput - - - - - - - hasProcessingReproducibility - hasProcessingReproducibility + + + + + A temporal part that is an item. + hasTemporalItemSlice + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. - - - - - - - hasMeasurementTime - hasMeasurementTime + + + + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + hasTemporalSlice + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - - - - + + + + + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasOutcome + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + + + + + + - hasCharacterisationProperty - hasCharacterizationProperty - hasCharacterisationProperty + hasInteractionWithSample + hasInteractionWithSample - - - - + + + + - hasSamplePreparationInstrument - hasSamplePreparationInstrument + hasMeasurementParameter + hasMeasurementParameter - - - - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - hasSpatialSection - hasSpatialPartialPart - hasSpatialSection - A proper part of the whole that is not Spatial or Temporal. - This relation identifies parts of a 4D object that do not fully cover the lifetime extent of the whole (spatial) nor the full spatial extent (temporal). - This relation is a filler, to categorise the parts of an entity that are not covered by the other parthood relations. -A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - - - - - - + + + - Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. - hasMetricPrefix - hasMetricPrefix + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + hasModelledProperty + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - - isPortionPartOf - isPortionPartOf + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + hasDeduced + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - - - - + + + - hasDataQuality - hasDataQuality - - - - - - - - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + hasLab + hasLab - - - - + + + + - hasSampleInspectionParameter - hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasHardwareSpecification + hasHardwareSpecification @@ -1800,86 +1750,102 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasHolder - - - - - hasCharacterisationInput - hasCharacterizationInput - hasCharacterisationInput + + + + + + + notOverlaps + notOverlaps - - - - + + + + + + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasCognised + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - - - - + + + + + + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - - - - + + + + - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - hasModelledProperty - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + hasLevelOfAutomation + hasLevelOfAutomation - - - - - - hasCharacteriser - hasCharacteriser + + + + + + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + hasSubProcess + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - + + + + + + + + - hasInstrumentForCalibration - hasInstrumentForCalibration + hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasSampleInspectionParameter - - + + + + + + + hasProcessingReproducibility + hasProcessingReproducibility + + + + + - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - hasOutcome - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasStatus + hasStatus - - - - - - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - hasPhysicsOfInteraction + + + + + A temporal part that is a collection. + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. @@ -1891,6 +1857,47 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa hasCollaborationWith + + + + + + hasVariable + hasVariable + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIndex + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + + + + + + A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasTemporalSection + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. + + + + + + + + @@ -1900,30 +1907,27 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - - - - hasURNValue - hasURNValue - - - - - - - hasURIValue - hasURIValue + + + + + + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + hasManufacturer + hasManufacturer + A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - + - + + - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - hasNumericalValue - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. + hasSymbolValue + hasSymbolValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. @@ -1938,39 +1942,41 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - + - - - - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - hasStringValue - hasStringValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. + + + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + hasNumericalValue + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - - + + + + hasURNValue + hasURNValue + + + - - - - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. - hasSymbolValue - hasSymbolValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. + + + hasURIValue + hasURIValue - + - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - hasManufacturer - hasManufacturer - A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + hasModel + hasModel + A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -1984,15 +1990,16 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - - - + + + + - - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware - hasModel - hasModel - A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. + hasStringValue + hasStringValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. @@ -2020,27 +2027,6 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - - - - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - ISO80000Reference - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en - ISO80000Reference - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) - - - - - - - - - - - - @@ -2052,38 +2038,6 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - - - - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - A text that add some information about the entity. - comment - comment - A text that add some information about the entity. - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - - - - - - - - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - ucumCode - https://ucum.org/ - ucumCode - Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). - The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - - - - - - metrologicalReference - metrologicalReference - - @@ -2096,97 +2050,80 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). - + - - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - etymology - etymology - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. + - - + + + + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + IEVReference + https://www.electropedia.org/ + IEVReference + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - + - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. + contact + contact + A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource + The annotation should include an email address. - + - - - - - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - VIMTerm - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - VIMTerm - quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) - The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - - - - - - - - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - uneceCommonCode - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + + + + + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + wikipediaReference + https://www.wikipedia.org/ + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - - - - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - omReference - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + - + - - + + - + - + - + - - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - figure - figure - A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. + A text that add some information about the entity. + comment + comment + A text that add some information about the entity. + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. @@ -2199,77 +2136,143 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - - - - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - example - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + + + + metrologicalReference + metrologicalReference - - - - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - qudtReference - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + + + + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + etymology + etymology + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. - + + + + + + + + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + omReference + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + + + + + + + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + uneceCommonCode + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + + + + - - URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - dbpediaReference - https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ - dbpediaReference - URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + ISO80000Reference + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en + ISO80000Reference + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) - - - - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - IEVReference - https://www.electropedia.org/ - IEVReference - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + + + + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + qudtReference + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - - + + + + + + - ISO14040Reference - ISO14040Reference + + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. + VIMTerm + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + VIMTerm + quantity value (term in VIM that corresponds to Quantity in EMMO) + The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - + - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. - contact - contact - A person or organisation acting as a contact point for enquiries about the ontology resource - The annotation should include an email address. + + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. + figure + figure + A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - + + + + + + + + + + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + ucumCode + https://ucum.org/ + ucumCode + Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM). + The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. + + + + + + + + - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - wikipediaReference - https://www.wikipedia.org/ - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + iupacReference + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacReference + + + + + + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. @@ -2283,24 +2286,38 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - - + + - - - + + + + ISO14040Reference + ISO14040Reference - - + + + + + URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. + dbpediaReference + https://wiki.dbpedia.org/ + dbpediaReference + URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - + + + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + example + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - + @@ -2311,49 +2328,43 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa ISO9000Reference - - - - - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - iupacReference - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - iupacReference + + - + - - + + - + - + - + - + - - + + - + @@ -2361,541 +2372,410 @@ A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spa - - - + + + + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + DataSet + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + - - + + + - - - + + - - - - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. - -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - SemioticObject - Object - SemioticObject - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + + + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + PhysicsOfInteraction + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - - - - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - NormalPulseVoltammetry - NPV - NormalPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - - Voltammetry - Voltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - DerivedUnit - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - derived unit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - - - - - - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + + + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + GFactor + GFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - - - - - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - SimulationApplication - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - - + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Index - Signal - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + + + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - Sign - Sign - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. -Each of them are 'sign'-s. +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + RamanSpectroscopy + RamanSpectroscopy + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. + + + + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - - - - - - - - - - - SurfaceTension - 4-26 - SurfaceTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenQuark + GreenQuark - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - + + + + + + + - - - - + + + - + - + - - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - EMMO - EMMO - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + Quark + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - + + + - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - MechanicalQuantity - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + RelativePermittivity + RelativePermittivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 + 6-15 + Permittivity divided by electric constant. - - - - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - Declared - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + ElectromagneticQuantity + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - Volume - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - 3-4 + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + RatioQuantity + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant - - - - - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Extensive - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Mass -Volume -Entropy + + + + + + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + ScientificTheory + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - - - - - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQDerivedQuantity - ISQDerivedQuantity - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + + + + Observed + Observed + The biography of a person met by the author. - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + + + + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + Objective + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - - - - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - QuantumData - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + + + + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. + +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument + Theory + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + - - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - SamplePreparation - SamplePreparation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + Plus + Plus - - - - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - CharacterisationProcedure - CharacterisationProcedure - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + + + + ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator - - - + + + - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - DisplacementVector - DisplacementVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 - 12-7.3 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + MeanDurationOfLife + MeanLifeTime + MeanDurationOfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 + 10-25 + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - - + + - vector quantity between any two points in space - Displacement - Displacement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) - 3-1.11 - vector quantity between any two points in space - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Duration + Duration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 + 3-9 + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - - - + + - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - ObjectiveProperty - PhysicalProperty - QuantitativeProperty - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + LogarithmicUnit + LogarithmicUnit + http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Decibel + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - Workflow - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + + + + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + DimensionlessUnit + DimensionlessUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples - - - - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - Procedure - Elaboration - Work - Procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). -The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. -The execution of an algorithm. - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + + HardeningByDrawing + HardeningByDrawing - - + + - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - Welding - Schweißen - Welding + HardeningByForming + Verfestigen durch Umformen + HardeningByForming - - - - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - JoinManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Fügen - JoinManufacturing - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + + + + + StaticFrictionForce + StaticFriction + StaticFrictionForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 + 4-9.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondGenerationFermion - SecondGenerationFermion + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + Force + Force + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force + 4-9.1 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + MechanicalQuantity + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + + + + + - + - + - + @@ -2903,121 +2783,106 @@ The execution of an algorithm. - - - - - - - - - - - - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - FundamentalFermion - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + BottomQuark + BottomQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark - - - - - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m + + + + + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + PropagationCoefficient + PropagationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 + 3-26.3 + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - UnitSymbol - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - - - - - - - SamplePreparationInstrument - SamplePreparationInstrument - - - - - + + - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 - 12-29.3 - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - + - + - ReciprocalVolume - ReciprocalVolume + The inverse of length. + ReciprocalLength + InverseLength + ReciprocalLength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - - The imaginary part of the impedance. - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - ElectricReactance - Reactance - ElectricReactance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 - 6-51.3 - The imaginary part of the impedance. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + EnergyPerAmountUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit - + + + + + + EndTile + EndTile + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a + SpatioTemporalTile + WellFormedTile + SpatioTemporalTile + + + @@ -3025,348 +2890,292 @@ J stands for N m - + - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - ElectricResistance - Resistance - ElectricResistance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 - 6-46 - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - - - - - - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - Signal - Signal - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - - - - - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - CharacterisationData - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + ElectricFieldStrength + ElectricFieldStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 + 6-10 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + + + + + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQDerivedQuantity + ISQDerivedQuantity + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - - - - - - - - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - - - - - - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - DataPostProcessing - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - - - - - - - T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Extent of a surface. - Area - Area - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area - 3-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - - - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - - - - - - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - Foam - Foam - A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. - - - - - - - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. - MixingRatio - MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas - MixingRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 - 5-30 - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - ThermodynamicalQuantity - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - - - - - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). - -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - RatioQuantity - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant - - - - - - - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassDefect - RelativeMassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 - 10-22.2 - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + EMMO + EMMO + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + + + + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + Declared + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - - - - - - - - - - - - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalMatterParticle - + - + - + - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - MeanMassRange - MeanMassRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 - 10-57 - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - - - - - - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - - - - - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Chromatography - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + Compressibility + Compressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 + 4-20 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - + + - + - + - - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + FundamentalFermion + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + + + + + + + Magnitude of the wave vector. + AngularWavenumber + AngularRepetency + AngularWavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 + 3-22 + Magnitude of the wave vector. + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + 2 + + + + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Proton + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Either a proton or a neutron. + Nucleon + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + + + + + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + TechnologyProcess + ProductionEngineeringProcess + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + + + + + + ReactionSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + ReactionSintering + + + + + + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + DerivedQuantity + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + derived quantity + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. ISO 80000-1 @@ -3391,1092 +3200,273 @@ ISO 80000-1 A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - - - - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - ThermochemicalTesting - TMA - ThermochemicalTesting - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + + + + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + MultiSimulation + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - - - - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - CharacterisationTechnique - Characterisation procedure - Characterisation technique - CharacterisationTechnique - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedSimulation + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - - - - - GreenTopAntiQuark - GreenTopAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + SymbolicConstruct + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TopAntiQuark - TopAntiQuark + + + + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + Wavelength + Wavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength + 3-19 + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GreenAntiQuark - GreenAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Extend of a spatial dimension. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length + Length + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length + 3-1.1 + Extend of a spatial dimension. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + + + + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + Gluing + Kleben + Gluing - - - - - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - Curvature - Curvature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature - 3-2 - Inverse of the radius of curvature. + + + + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + JoinManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Fügen + JoinManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - + + + - + - The inverse of length. - ReciprocalLength - InverseLength - ReciprocalLength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - - - - - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - BohrRadius - BohrRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 - 10-6 - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Power + Power + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power + 4-27 + 6-45 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - - + + + - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - Radius - Radius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius - 3-1.6 - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Extensive + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Mass +Volume +Entropy - - - - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. - It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid - Object that is processed with a machine - Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - They are not powders or threads - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - fili e polveri non sono compresi - it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. - it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape - powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them - WorkPiece - Werkstück - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + + + CharacterisationComponent + CharacterisationComponent - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - GaugePressure - GaugePressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 - 4-14.2 + + A constituent of a system. + Component + Component + A constituent of a system. - - - - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - LinkedModelsSimulation - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - + + + + A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - - - - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - MultiSimulation - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. +-- VIM + MeasuringInstrument + MeasuringInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + +-- VIM + measuring instrument - - - - Determined - Determined + + + + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + LightScattering + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - - - - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - ContinuumSubstance - ContinuumSubstance - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + + + + + OpticalTesting + OpticalTesting + -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + + + + + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + MassFractionOfDryMatter + MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 + 5-32 + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - - - - - - - - - - - - - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - MetrologicalReference - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - - - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ReciprocalLengthUnit - ReciprocalLengthUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationTask - CharacterisationTask - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - Task - Job - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - MassieuFunction - MassieuFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 - 5-22 - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - - - - - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure - -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: - -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ - -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - SIDimensionalUnit - SIDimensionalUnit - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure - -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: - -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ - -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - - - - - - - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - MolecularConcentration - MolecularConcentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 - 9-9.2 - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - PhysioChemicalQuantity - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - - - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - Concentration - Concentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - - - - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - TemporalTile - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - ElectricDipoleMoment - ElectricDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - 6-6 - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - - - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - ElectromagneticQuantity - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - MassFlow - MassFlow - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 - 4-30.1 - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - - - - - - - StandardChemicalPotential - StandardChemicalPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 - 9-21 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Energy per amount of substance. - MolarEnergy - MolarEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 - Energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - LinkedFlux - LinkedFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 - 6-22.2 - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - MagneticFlux - MagneticFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - 6-22.1 - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - - - - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - CharacterisationExperiment - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - - - - - - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - HolisticArrangement - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - HolisticSystem - HolisticSystem - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - Product - Output - Product - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - - - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - TemporallyFundamental - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountUnit - AmountUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - Uncoded - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - A random generated id for a product. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - Holistic - Wholistic - Holistic - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. - A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - - - - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - ElectricFluxDensity - ElectricDisplacement - ElectricFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 - 6-12 - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - - - - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - FermiAnglularRepetency - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 - 12-9.2 - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - - - - - - - Magnitude of the wave vector. - AngularWavenumber - AngularRepetency - AngularWavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 - 3-22 - Magnitude of the wave vector. - - - - - - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. - FunctionalIcon - FunctionalIcon - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). - A guinea pig. - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - Icon - Model - Simulacrum - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - - - Java - Java - - - - - - CompiledLanguage - CompiledLanguage - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuark - DownAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FirstGenerationFermion - FirstGenerationFermion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownAntiQuarkType - DownAntiQuarkType - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - TimeUnit - TimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 - 10-18 - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - - - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + + + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + MassFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction + 9-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - - - - A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - WorkpieceForming - ArchetypeForming - PrimitiveForming - WorkpieceForming + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - URN - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + DPV + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - URI - URI - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + + + + The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + + Voltammetry + Voltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - + - + - + @@ -4484,229 +3474,128 @@ For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - FundamentalBoson - FundamentalBoson - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - StandardModelParticle - ElementaryParticle - StandardModelParticle - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. - This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). -In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThermalDiffusivity - ThermalDiffusionCoefficient - ThermalDiffusivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 - 5-14 - + + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - - - - - - - - - - - - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - Vergence - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature - +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + Item + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - - - - - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 - 10-32 - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - - - - - - - - - - - - - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - Energy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy - 5-20-1 - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + + + + + + + + + + + + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Product + Output + Product + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - - - - - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - RelativeLinearStrain - RelativeLinearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 - 4-17.2 - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + TemporallyFundamental + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - DiffusionCoefficient - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + + + + + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + Machining + RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - - - + + + + DefinedEdgeCutting + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden + DefinedEdgeCutting + + + + - ThermalDiffusionRatio - ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 - 9-40.1 + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + ElectricImpedance + Impedance + ElectricImpedance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 + 6-51.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance - + - + - + - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - NuclearMagneton - NuclearMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 - 10-9.3 - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 - - - - - - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - PseudoscalarMeson - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - Meson - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + ElectricResistance + Resistance + ElectricResistance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 + 6-46 + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - + - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - ConstructionLanguage - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + StyleSheetLanguage + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + CSS + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language @@ -4727,453 +3616,436 @@ https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineeringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedAntiQuark - RedAntiQuark + + + + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricPolarization + ElectricPolarization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 + 6-7 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiQuark - AntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + ElectricFluxDensity + ElectricDisplacement + ElectricFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 + 6-12 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + Symbolic + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). + + + + + + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + DiscreteData + DiscreteData + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - - - - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - Network - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + + + + + + ActivityFactor + ActivityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 + 9-22 - - - - - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - AreaTimeUnit - AreaTimeUnit + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - + + + - ThermodynamicEfficiency - ThermalEfficiency - ThermodynamicEfficiency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 - 5-25.1 + ActivityCoefficient + ActivityCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 + 9-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - - - - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - Software - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + + + BlueBottomAntiQuark + BlueBottomAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - MeasurementUnit - MeasurementUnit - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - kg -m/s -km - measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." + + + + + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SubProcess + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. - Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - - - - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - + + + + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). - - - - FormingFromPulp - FormingFromPulp +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. + Process + Occurrent + Perdurant + Process + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - ProtonMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + + + + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + NonTemporalRole + HolisticSpatialPart + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. - - + + - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure + +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + SIDimensionalUnit + SIDimensionalUnit + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure + +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - Mass - Mass - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass - 4-1 - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + DimensionalUnit + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. + +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - - - - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - Drilling - Bohren - Drilling +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - - - - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - Machining - RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - + + + + + + + + + + + + The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) - - - - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AqueousSolution - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - - - - - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - - - - ISO80000Categorised - ISO80000Categorised +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. + The union of the object or process classes. + Persistence + Persistence + The union of the object or process classes. - - - - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + + + + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - - + + - Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. - The difference in electric potential between two points. - Voltage - ElectricPotentialDifference - ElectricTension - Voltage - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage - 6-11.3 - The difference in electric potential between two points. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + CurrentLinkage + CurrentLinkage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 + 6-37.4 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - + - + - + - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar -field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - ElectricPotential - ElectroStaticPotential - ElectricPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential - 6-11.1 - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 + A flow of electric charge. + ElectricCurrent + ElectricCurrent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent + 6-1 + A flow of electric charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + Procedure + Elaboration + Work + Procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm. + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + + + + - - + + - - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. + + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + IntentionalProcess + Project + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. + + + + GravityCasting + GravityCasting + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Measurement + + + + Casting + Casting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - Measurement - Measurement - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - measurement + + Product of mass and velocity. + Momentum + Momentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum + 4-8 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - + + + + + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + PackingFraction + PackingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 + 10-23.1 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + + + - + + + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + MuonNeutrino + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SecondGenerationFermion + SecondGenerationFermion + + + + + - + - + - + @@ -5182,11 +4054,33 @@ system specifications. - StrangeAntiQuark - StrangeAntiQuark + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + NeutrinoType + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino - + + + + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Unknown + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + NumericalVariable + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + @@ -5194,163 +4088,100 @@ system specifications. - + - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 - 10-52 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + ParticleCurrentDensity + ParticleCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 + 10-48 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - - - + + - - - - - - - - - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - EnergyDensityOfStates - EnergyDensityOfStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 - 12-16 - Quantity in condensed matter physics. + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + ElectronAffinity + ElectronAffinity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 + 12-25 + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - + + - - + - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - DensityOfVibrationalStates - DensityOfVibrationalStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 - 12-12 - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - - - - - - - - - - - - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - ProbeSampleInteraction - ProbeSampleInteraction - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - - - - - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - InteractionVolume - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - - - - Person - Person - - - - - - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - ShearOrTorsionTesting - - - - - - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - MechanicalTesting - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy + Energy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy + 5-20-1 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - - T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - + + - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - - - - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - AlgebricExpression - 2x+3 + + + + + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + InternalConversionFactor + InternalConversionCoefficient + InternalConversionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 + 10-35 + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - - - - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + + + + PlasmaCutting + PlasmaCutting - - - - - Position vector of a particle. - ParticlePositionVector - ParticlePositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 - 12-7.1 - Position vector of a particle. + + + + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + ThermalCutting + Thermisches Abtragen + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - - - + + + + @@ -5359,429 +4190,526 @@ system specifications. - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - PositionVector - Position - PositionVector - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + LatticeVector + LatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 + 12-1.1 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - - - - - - - - - - - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - Tessellation - Tiling - Tessellation - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + + + + vector quantity between any two points in space + Displacement + Displacement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) + 3-1.11 + vector quantity between any two points in space + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - Tile - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + + A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + +For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. + Coded + Coded + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. + The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - - - - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + AbsorbedDose + AbsorbedDose + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + 10-81.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - GasSolidSuspension - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + + + + + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + SpecificEnergyImparted + SpecificEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 + 10-81.2 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - - - - - T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - MassPerLengthUnit - MassPerLengthUnit + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + CarrierLifetime + CarrierLifetime + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 + 12-32.2 + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - - - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - PowerDensityUnit - PowerDensityUnit + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + TimeConstant + TimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 + 3-15 + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - + + + + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + CharacterisationHardware + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + + - - - - + + + + - - + - - + + + 1 - - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - CharacterisationWorkflow - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - - - - Average power over a period. - ActivePower - ActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 - 6-56 - Average power over a period. +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + Quantity + Measurand + Quantity + https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance + measurand + quantity + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - - + + - + - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - Power - Power - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power - 4-27 - 6-45 - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + ElectricCurrentDensity + AreicElectricCurrent + CurrentDensity + ElectricCurrentDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 + 6-8 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - - - - - - - - - + + - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - Vector - 1DArray - LinearArray - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Intensive + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential - - - - Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. - -See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. - Array - Array - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, -a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, -an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, -and so forth... + + + + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + Assignment + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - SpatioTemporalTessellation - WellFormedTessellation - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + Estimation + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - - BlueTopQuark - BlueTopQuark + + + + + IntermediateSample + IntermediateSample - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - CausalPath - CausalChain - Elementary - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. - hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + + + + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Sample + Specimen + Sample + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - FrequencyUnit - FrequencyUnit + + + + FormingFromLiquid + FormingFromLiquid + + + + + + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + da una forma non propria ad una forma propria + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + Powder: +particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - - + + + - - T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - - - - - - - - + - - + + - - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - ElectricResistivity - Resistivity - ElectricResistivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 - 6-44 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - - - - - - - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - MechanicalEfficiency - MechanicalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 - 4-29 - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + + + + + + + + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Manufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + Manufacturing + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - - - - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - - SecondaryData - Elaborated data - SecondaryData - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Deconvoluted curves - Intensity maps + + + + + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + ManufacturedProduct + Artifact + Engineered + TangibleProduct + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. - - - - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. - MathematicalFormula - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + + + + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + PathLength + ArcLength + PathLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length + 3-1.7 + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length - + - - + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalConstruct - MathematicalConstruct + + + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + AntiMatter + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + Matter + PhysicalSubstance + Matter + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. + + + + + + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + Tortuosity + Tortuosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + Substance + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + + + + + + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + CompositePhysicalObject + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + + + + + + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + CriticalTemperature + CriticalTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + + + + + - - - - - - - - - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - ElectricCharge - Charge - ElectricCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 - 6-2 - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 + + + + + + + + + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + ThermodynamicTemperature + ThermodynamicTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature + 5-1 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - + + - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - NumberOfEntities - NumberOfEntities - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 - 9-1 - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + NeutronNumber + NeutronNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 + 10-1.2 + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 @@ -5802,162 +4730,247 @@ i, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom - + + + + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + MeasurementParameter + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + + - - - T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - ElectricChargeDensityUnit + + + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + Hadron + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron - - - - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - Observer - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + + + + + + + + + + + + + ParticulateMatter + ParticulateMatter - + - + - - + - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - ElectricCurrentDensity - AreicElectricCurrent - CurrentDensity - ElectricCurrentDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 - 6-8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + ParticleFluence + ParticleFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 + 10-43 + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - + + + + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Intensive - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Temperature -Density -Pressure -ChemicalPotential + MagneticPotentialUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit - - - - Sum of electric current and displacement current - TotalCurrent - TotalCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 - 6-19.2 - Sum of electric current and displacement current + + + + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. + It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid + Object that is processed with a machine + Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + They are not powders or threads + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + fili e polveri non sono compresi + it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. + it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape + powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them + WorkPiece + Werkstück + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + ManufacturedMaterial + EngineeredMaterial + ProcessedMaterial + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + + + + + + + SamplePreparationInstrument + SamplePreparationInstrument + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + EncodedData + EncodedVariation + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). + A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data - - - - - - - + + - - + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + - A flow of electric charge. - ElectricCurrent - ElectricCurrent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent - 6-1 - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 + ThermalResistanceUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit - - - - - BlueBottomAntiQuark - BlueBottomAntiQuark + + + + + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + NumberOfEntities + NumberOfEntities + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 + 9-1 + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomAntiQuark - BottomAntiQuark + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + MassPerAmountUnit + MassPerAmountUnit - - + + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + @@ -5965,201 +4978,140 @@ ChemicalPotential - BlueAntiQuark - BlueAntiQuark - - - - - - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - NaturalProcess - NonIntentionalProcess - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - - - - - - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). - -For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. - Process - Occurrent - Perdurant - Process - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Decays per unit time. - Radioactivity - RadioactiveActivity - Radioactivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 + UpQuark + UpQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - - - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - Organisation - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + + + + A software application to process characterisation data + CharacterisationSoftware + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of ions per volume. - IonNumberDensity - IonDensity - IonNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 - 10-62.2 - Number of ions per volume. - + + + + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + Symbol + AlphabeticEntity + Symbol + The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). + The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". + Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. +e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols +A Symbol may be a String in another language. +e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. + Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - - - - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - ModelledProperty - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. +Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. +(Wikipedia) + The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LuminanceUnit - LuminanceUnit - - - - - - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Chronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + PressurePerTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit - - + + - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Potentiometry - Potentiometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + DMA + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - + + + - - - 2 + + - - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - Collection - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. + + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + Torque + Torque + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque + 4-12.2 + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - - - - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - SpatiallyRedundant - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + + + + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Detector + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM + Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing - - - - - - - - - - - - - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - Redundant - NonMaximal - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. - -If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. + + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + Variable + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + x +k - - - - - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - PureParallelWorkflow - EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deduction + IndexSemiosis + Deduction - + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. @@ -6173,39 +5125,70 @@ This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of th If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. - - - - ParallelWorkflow - ParallelWorkflow - - - - - - + + - - + + - - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - Illuminance - Illuminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 + + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + SpatialTiling + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - - - - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - CharacterisationHardware - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + CausalStructure + CausalObject + CausalStructure + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + + + + + + FormingFromPowder + FormingFromPowder + + + + + + + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + MassConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 @@ -6232,334 +5215,376 @@ If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. Density - MassConcentration - MassDensity - Density - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density - Mass per volume. - 4-2 - 9-10 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - Cogniser - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - - - - - - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - Cognised - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. - - - - - - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - CPlusPlus - C++ - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - - - - - - - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - WaveVector - WaveVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 - 3-21 - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + MassConcentration + MassDensity + Density + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density + Mass per volume. + 4-2 + 9-10 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 - - - - GluonType2 - GluonType2 + + + + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + Concentration + Concentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - + + + + + + + + + + + + + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + MeasurementUnit + MeasurementUnit + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + kg +m/s +km + measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." - - - - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - +"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." - - - - Mathematical model used to process data. - Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - PostProcessingModel - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. + Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - + - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + + + + + + - - - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + + + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MetrologicalReference + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - - + + - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - ConventionalProperty - ConventionalProperty - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + ProcedureUnit + MeasurementProcedure + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. + + + + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + QueryLanguage + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + SQL, SPARQL + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language - - - - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - Heat - AmountOfHeat - Heat - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat - 5-6.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + + + + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + ConstructionLanguage + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - - - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Status - State - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - - - - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - TemporalRole - HolisticTemporalPart - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + + + + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - - - - A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). -However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. -In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. -To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Object - Continuant - Endurant - Object - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + + + + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). + ResemblanceIcon + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - - - - HardeningByForging - HardeningByForging + + + + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Estimator + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - HardeningByForming - Verfestigen durch Umformen - HardeningByForming + + + + + GreenStrangeQuark + GreenStrangeQuark - - - - GluonType8 - GluonType8 + + + + KineticFrictionFactor + DynamicFrictionFactor + KineticFrictionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 + 4-23.2 - - - - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist - PhysicalPhenomenon - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + + + + + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + CoefficientOfFriction + FrictionCoefficient + FrictionFactor + CoefficientOfFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - - - - - - - - - - + + + - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - AngularAcceleration - AngularAcceleration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration - 3-13 - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Spin + Spin + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 + 10-10 + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - + + - + - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - Torque - Torque - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque - 4-12.2 - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + AngularMomentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum + 4-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - - - - AmorphousMaterial - NonCrystallineMaterial - AmorphousMaterial + + + + + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + 5-35 - - - - - - - - - + + + + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + ThreePointBendingTesting + ThreePointFlexuralTest + ThreePointBendingTesting + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + + + + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + MechanicalTesting + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + + - - - - - - + + + + - - - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationTask + CharacterisationTask + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Task + Job + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + + + + + + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + CharacterisationProcedure + CharacterisationProcedure + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + StandardModelParticle + ElementaryParticle + StandardModelParticle + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. + This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). @@ -6586,1777 +5611,1952 @@ However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. F A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - CausalParticle - CausalParticle - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + + + + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + + XrayDiffraction + XRD + XrayDiffraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - + + + + + ScatteringAndDiffraction + ScatteringAndDiffraction + + + + + + + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 + 9-6.3 + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Energy per amount of substance. + MolarEnergy + MolarEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512 + Energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Metrological + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + + + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Language + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + + + + + + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + + + + + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - Item - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQBaseQuantity + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Manufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - Manufacturing - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren + + + + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - - - - - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - ManufacturedProduct - Artifact - Engineered - TangibleProduct - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. + + + + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + DynamicLightScattering + DLS + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + + + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + SpatiallyFundamental + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + Fundamental + Lifetime + Maximal + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. + +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. + + + + + + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + StandardUnit + ReferenceMaterial + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorisation - Theorization - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + + + + PerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - - - - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Determination - Characterisation - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - - - - - - - - - + - - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - Whole - Whole - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - - - - - - RightHandedParticle - RightHandedParticle - - - - - - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - ThermalCutting - Thermisches Abtragen - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - - - - - - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - Ablation - Abtragen - Ablation - - - - - - - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - RelaxationTime - RelaxationTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 - 12-32.1 - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - - - - - - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - TimeConstant - TimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 - 3-15 - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + Molecule + ChemicalSubstance + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - - + + - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 + MolecularEntity + ChemicalEntity + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. + Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - + - + + - + - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 - 10-39 - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Reductionistic - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. - - - - - - - GreenUpQuark - GreenUpQuark - - - - - - Inverse of the impendance. - Admittance - ComplexAdmittance - Admittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance - 6-52.1 - Inverse of the impendance. + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + Permittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity + 6-14.1 + 6-14.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - + - + - - + - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - ElectricConductance - Conductance - ElectricConductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 - 6-47 - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + SlowingDownDensity + SlowingDownDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 + 10-67 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQBaseQuantity - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + + + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + + SampleInspection + SampleInspection + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. - - - - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - base quantity + + + + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + URL + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - - - - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + + + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + URI + URI + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - - - - - AntiMuon - AntiMuon + + + + + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + BohrRadius + BohrRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 + 10-6 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiElectronType - AntiElectronType + + + + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + Radius + Radius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius + 3-1.6 + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius - - - - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - MaterialsProcessing - ContinuumManufacturing - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + Step + Step + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - - - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - TechnologyProcess - ProductionEngineeringProcess - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + Tile + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - - + + + - Rate of change of the phase angle. - AngularFrequency - AngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency - 3-18 - Rate of change of the phase angle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + RelativePermeability + RelativePermeability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 + 6-27 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Number of periods per time interval. - Frequency - Frequency - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 - 3-15.1 - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + CharacterisationWorkflow + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - - + + + + + - - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + - - - - EntropyPerMassUnit - EntropyPerMassUnit - - - - - - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - Sintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering - Sintern - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - CausalStructure - CausalObject - CausalStructure - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + CausalPath + CausalChain + Elementary + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. + hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) - - - - - A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - A numerical data value. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. -More than one numeral stands for the same number. -In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Number - Numeral - Number - A numerical data value. + + + + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + HeatTreatment + wärmebehandeln + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - - - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - ShearStrain - ShearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 - 4-17.3 - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 + + + + + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + esce workpiece + MaterialTreatment + DIN 8580:2020 + Stoffeigenschaft ändern + WorkPieceTreatment + MaterialTreatment + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - - - - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - Metrological - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + NuclearMagneticResonance + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + NMR + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - - - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + + + + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. - -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - MathematicalModel - MathematicalModel - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + + + + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Coulometry + Coulometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - AnalogicalIcon - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. - Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance - MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). - + + + + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + ContinuumSubstance + ContinuumSubstance + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). - - - - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. - Mathematical - Mathematical - The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - - - - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + + + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - PseudoOCV - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + SampleExtraction + SampleExtraction + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - + + + + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + IonizationEnergy + IonizationEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 + 12-24.2 + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 + + + + + + + + + + + + - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 - 10-33 - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + SurfaceActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 + 10-30 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - ThermalResistivityUnit - ThermalResistivityUnit - - - - - - Estimated - Estimated - The biography of a person that the author have not met. + PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. -A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. -A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + + + + MassUnit + MassUnit + -For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. -An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). -This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - Coded - Coded - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. - The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. + + + + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + Profilometry + Profilometry + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - + + - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - DataAcquisitionRate - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + CharacterisationTechnique + Characterisation procedure + Characterisation technique + CharacterisationTechnique + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - Property - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - Hardness is a subclass of properties. -Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + TemporalTile + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + + + + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + CharacterisationProtocol + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + ShearForming + Schubumformen + ShearForming + + + + + + In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + MetrologicalUncertainty + A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. + MetrologicalUncertainty + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + - Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + + + + + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + ObjectiveProperty + PhysicalProperty + QuantitativeProperty + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - - - - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Laboratory - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + + + T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - LengthPerAmountUnit - LengthPerAmountUnit + + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + EntropyUnit + EntropyUnit + + + - + - + - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - TotalLinearStoppingPower - LinearStoppingPower - TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 - 10-54 - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + PlanckFunction + PlanckFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 + 5-23 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - - - - + + + - - + + + + + + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + CharacterisationSystem + CharacterisationSystem + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Measuring system + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + HolisticSystem + HolisticSystem + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + + + + + + + + + + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + MeasuringSystem + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + measuring system + + + + + - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - ExtentOfReaction - ExtentOfReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 - 9-31 - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + NeutronYieldPerFission + NeutronYieldPerFission + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 + 10-74.1 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - - - - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - Deduced - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + + + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Nexafs + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - - - - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Join - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + FermiTemperature + FermiTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 + 12-28 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + + + + + + MetallicPowderSintering + MetallicPowderSintering + + + + + + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + Sintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering + Sintern + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + + + + + + + + + + + + + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + Whole + Whole + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + + + + + + + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + VacuumElectricPermittivity + PermittivityOfVacuum + VacuumElectricPermittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + 6-14.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - - + + + + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + MeasuredConstant + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + + + + - - + + + + + + - - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - TemporalTiling - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - - - - - - - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - MeanEnergyImparted - MeanEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 - 10-80.2 - Expectation value of the energy imparted. + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + Cogniser + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - Exposure - Exposure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 - 10-88 - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - SectionModulus - SectionModulus - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 - 4-22 - + + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - - - - - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - FermiEnergy - FermiEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 - 12-27.1 - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. + Interpreter + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). - - - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - CatalyticActivityUnit - CatalyticActivityUnit +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - - - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - PrecipitationHardening - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + ElectrochemicalTesting + http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - - - - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - ProductionSystem - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuark + DownAntiQuark - - - - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FirstGenerationFermion + FirstGenerationFermion - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - StandaloneAtom - StandaloneAtom - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + + DownAntiQuarkType + DownAntiQuarkType + + + + + + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + WorkpieceManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + DiscreteManufacturing + Werkstücke + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + + + + + + + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + ThermalUtilizationFactor + ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 + 10-76 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - - - - Foaming - Foaming + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cognition + IconSemiosis + Cognition - - - - FormingFromLiquid - FormingFromLiquid + + + + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + AnalogData + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - - - - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - SystemProgram - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + Presses + Presses - + - - + + - - - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - Program - Executable - Program - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + + + + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + Redundant + NonMaximal + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. + +If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - - - - - - - + - - - + + - - - - https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a - SpatioTemporalTile - WellFormedTile - SpatioTemporalTile - - - - - - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - Wavenumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - 3-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - - - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - VectorMeson - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - - - - - - A meson with spin two. - TensorMeson - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. - - - - - - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - AreicElectricCharge - SurfaceChargeDensity - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 - 6-4 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - - - - - - ModulusOfImpedance - ModulusOfImpedance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 - 6-51.4 - - - - - - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Crystal - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - - - - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - AdSV - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. - Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. - Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. - Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. - Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - - StrippingVoltammetry - StrippingVoltammetry - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - ThermalDiffusionFactor - ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 - 9-40.2 - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + + + Structural + Structural - - - - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + + + + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + Grinding + Schleifen + Grinding - - - - SizeDefinedMaterial - SizeDefinedMaterial + + + + A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Object + Continuant + Endurant + Object + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - - + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - base unit - - - - - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. -- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - - ReferenceSample - Certified Reference Material - Reference material - ReferenceSpecimen - ReferenceSample - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. -- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Reference material - - - - - - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Sample - Specimen - Sample - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - - - - - Magnetizing - Magnetizing - - - - - - - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - esce workpiece - MaterialTreatment - DIN 8580:2020 - Stoffeigenschaft ändern - WorkPieceTreatment - MaterialTreatment - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - - - - - - Suggestion of Rickard Armiento - CrystallineMaterial - CrystallineMaterial + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Measurement - - - - - BlueCharmAntiQuark - BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + ApplicationProgram + App + Application + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - - - - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - Rolling - Walzen - Rolling + + + + + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - lasciano tensioni residue di compressione - CompressiveForming - Druckumformen - CompressiveForming + + + + + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - InductanceUnit - InductanceUnit + + + + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + MercuryPorosimetry + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - + - OpticalTesting - OpticalTesting + Porosimetry + Porosimetry - + - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + + VolumePerAmountUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit + + + + + + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + FatigueTesting + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - - - - + + + - - + + - - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - IntentionalProcess - Project - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + + An equation with variables can always be represented as: + +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) + +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + Equation + Equation + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y - + + + + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. + MathematicalFormula + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + CausalSystem + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + A electron binded by a nucleus. + + + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - Resistance quantum. - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - VonKlitzingConstant - VonKlitzingConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + + PerAmountUnit + PerAmountUnit - - + + + - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + LarmonFrequency + LarmonFrequency + 10-15.2 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - - + + + + + - - + + + + Number of periods per time interval. + Frequency + Frequency + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 + 3-15.1 + Number of periods per time interval. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - + + - - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - Hyperon - Hyperon - A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. - This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon + + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + ModulusOfRigidity + ShearModulus + ModulusOfRigidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 + 4-19.2 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 - - - + + + + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + CharacterisationDataValidation + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + + + + + + - - + + - - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - Baryon - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - - - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - SpatiallyFundamental - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + SpecificActivity + MassicActivity + SpecificActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 + 10-28 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 - + - - - - - - + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + - - - - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - Fundamental - Lifetime - Maximal - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - -On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. - -Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. + + + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - - + + - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - Duration - Duration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 - 3-9 - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 + 10-13.7 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time - Time - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - 3-7 - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + QuantumNumber + QuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 + 10-13.1 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - + + + + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + BET + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + + + + + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + + - - + - Electric charge per volume. - ElectricChargeDensity - VolumeElectricCharge - ElectricChargeDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 - 6-3 - Electric charge per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + BohrMagneton + BohrMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 + 10-9.2 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - - - + + + + GluonType8 + GluonType8 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + Gluon + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon + + + + - + - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - GyromagneticRatio - GyromagneticCoefficient - MagnetogyricRatio - GyromagneticRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 - 10-12.1 - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 + GaugePressure + GaugePressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 + 4-14.2 - - - - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - STM - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + PhysicallyInteractingConvex - - - - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + PhysicallyInteracting + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - - - - - GreenDownAntiQuark - GreenDownAntiQuark + + + + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + Pressing + Anpressen + Pressing + + + + + + Calendering + Calendering + + + + + + FormingFromPlastic + FormingFromPlastic + + + + + + + CanonicalPartitionFunction + CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 + 9-35.2 - + - - + + + - - - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - Hadron - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron + + + + + + + + + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + SpatioTemporalTessellation + WellFormedTessellation + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - + + + + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + Description + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A biography. + A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + + + + + CouplingFactor + InductiveCouplingFactor + CouplingFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 + 6-42.1 + + + - - - - - - + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + - - - - ParticulateMatter - ParticulateMatter + + + AmountUnit + AmountUnit - - - - - - - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 - 12-36.1 + + + + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + QuantumDecay + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - - - - - + + + + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + CausalExpansion + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + + + + - - + + + 1 - - Often denoted B. - Strength of the magnetic field. - MagneticFluxDensity - MagneticInduction - MagneticFluxDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 - 6-21 - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 + + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + IRI + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - - - - - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 - 12-36.3 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + ResourceIdentifier + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - + + + + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 - 12-36.2 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + DiffusivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit @@ -8377,233 +7577,378 @@ Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decom Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - - - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - Symbol - AlphabeticEntity - Symbol - The class of individuals that stand for an elementary mark of a specific symbolic code (alphabet). - The class of letter "A" is the symbol as idea and the letter A that you see on the screen is the mark that can be represented by an individual belonging to "A". - Subclasses of 'Symbol' are alphabets, in formal languages terminology. A 'Symbol' is atomic for that alphabet, i.e. it has no parts that are symbols for the same alphabet. -e.g. a math symbol is not made of other math symbols -A Symbol may be a String in another language. -e.g. "Bq" is the symbol for Becquerel units when dealing with metrology, or a string of "B" and "q" symbols when dealing with characters. - Symbols of a formal language need not be symbols of anything. For instance there are logical constants which do not refer to any idea, but rather serve as a form of punctuation in the language (e.g. parentheses). - -Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any reference to any interpretation of them. -(Wikipedia) - The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. + + + + + + + + + + + + + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + AcceptorDensity + AcceptorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 + 12-29.5 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - Symbolic - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. -For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). + + + + GluonType5 + GluonType5 - + + + - + - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - Luminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + ElectricConductance + Conductance + ElectricConductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 + 6-47 + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - + + + + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + AnalogicalIcon + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. + Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance + MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + + + - - + + + - - - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - Data - Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 - Contrast - Dedomena - Pattern - Data - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - - - - - - + - - + + + + + + - - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - MagneticTension - MagneticTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 - 6-37.2 - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + Icon + Model + Simulacrum + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - - - + + - - + + = - - - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + + The equals symbol. + Equals + Equals + The equals symbol. + --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol + --- IEC, note 1 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + + + + + RedStrangeAntiQuark + RedStrangeAntiQuark + --- ISO 80000-3 - Velocity - Velocity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RedAntiQuark + RedAntiQuark + --- ISO 80000-3 - 3-8.1 - 3‑10.1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark + + + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - + + + - + - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - Speed - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed - 3-8.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + ElectricCharge + Charge + ElectricCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 + 6-2 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - - + + + - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + 1 - - - - EntropyUnit - EntropyUnit + + + + + + 1 + + + + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + +So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + +While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. + QuantityValue + QuantityValue + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg) + quantity value + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - - - - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + PureParallelWorkflow + EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - - - - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Coulometry - Coulometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + ParallelWorkflow + ParallelWorkflow - - - + + + + + + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. + RelativeHumidity + RelativeHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 + 5-33 + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + + + + + + + For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + + + + + - + - + - + @@ -8612,38 +7957,43 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - UpQuark - UpQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark + TopAntiQuark + TopAntiQuark - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ThirdGenerationFermion + ThirdGenerationFermion + + + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + @@ -8651,792 +8001,780 @@ Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - GreenQuark - GreenQuark - - - - - - - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - MassConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - - - - - - - At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - AreicHeatFlowRate - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 - 5-8 - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 + UpAntiQuarkType + UpAntiQuarkType - - - - + + + - - + + + + + + - Power transferred per unit area. - Intensity - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicNumber + AtomicNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + 10-1.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - - + + + + + + + + - - - 1 + + - - - 2 + + + 1 - - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Proton - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton + + An integer number. + Integer + Integer + An integer number. - - - - - - - - - - - - Either a proton or a neutron. - Nucleon - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + + + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + AtomProbeTomography + 3D Atom Probe + APT + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - + + + + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Tomography + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + + + - T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - - - - - - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - ComputerScience - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - - - - - - - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - QuantumNumber - QuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 - 10-13.1 - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - - + + + - Distance is the norm of Displacement. - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - Distance - Distance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance - 3-1.8 - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum + 6-35.2 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - + + - - + - Extend of a spatial dimension. - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length - Length - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length - 3-1.1 - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - - - - - - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - NuclearGFactor - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 - 10-14.2 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - - - - - - - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - GFactor - GFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - + Length per unit time. - - - - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - PhaseVelocity - PhaseSpeed - PhaseVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity - 3-23.1 - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + Speed + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed + 3-8.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - - + + - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - - - - - - - - - - - - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - AlgebricEquation - 2 * a - b = c - - - - - - - - - - - - - An equation with variables can always be represented as: - -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - Equation - Equation - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - - - + + + - Permittivity divided by electric constant. - RelativePermittivity - RelativePermittivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 - 6-15 - Permittivity divided by electric constant. + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 + 10-34 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - + + + + Person + Person + + + - + - + - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 - 10-87 - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - - - - - - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - MigrationLength - MigrationLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 - 10-73.3 - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - - - - - - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). - ResemblanceIcon - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + HallCoefficient + HallCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 + 12-19 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - DMA - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + ArchetypeManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + PrimitiveForming + Urformen + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - - - - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + + + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + VectorMeson + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson - + - - - - + + + + + + + - - + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + - - MathematicalSymbol - MathematicalSymbol + + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + Meson + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - + + + - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - AccessConditions - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + RawData + RawData + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. + In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - + + + + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - - - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - + + + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + Result of a measurement. - - - - - - EndTile - EndTile +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + MeasurementResult + MeasurementResult + Result of a measurement. + +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. + +-- VIM + measurement result + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - - + + - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - - XrayPowderDiffraction - XRPD - XrayPowderDiffraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + CharacterisationData + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - - - - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - - XrayDiffraction - XRD - XrayDiffraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography + + + + + + + + + + + + + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + MagneticReluctance + Reluctance + MagneticReluctance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 + 6-39 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - - - - DropForging - DropForging + + + + + + + + + + + + + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + Molality + AmountPerMass + Molality + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 + 9-15 + quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 - - - - - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - ReshapeManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Forming - Umformen - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + + + + + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + RadiantEnergy + RadiantEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 + 10-45 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - - - - A tessellation of temporal slices. - Sequence - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. + + + + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + Interpretant + Interpretant + The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticFluxUnit - MagneticFluxUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit - - - - ChipboardManufacturing - ChipboardManufacturing + + + + + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + RotationalDisplacement + AngularDisplacement + RotationalDisplacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 + 3-6 + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement - - - - FormingFromChip - FormingFromChip + + + + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + Angle + PlaneAngle + Angle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + 3-5 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - - SampleInspection - SampleInspection - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + + + GluonType2 + GluonType2 - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + JunctionTile + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + + + + + + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + - + + + + - Entropy per amount of substance. - MolarEntropy - MolarEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 - 9-8 - Entropy per amount of substance. + ParticleConcentration + ParticleConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 + 9-9.1 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). - -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) - -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - SemioticEntity - SemioticEntity - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - - - - - - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Rationale - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + MolecularConcentration + MolecularConcentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 + 9-9.2 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - - - - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - String - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). - -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + + Count per volume. + VolumetricNumberDensity + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + + + Mean number of particles per volume. + ParticleNumberDensity + ParticleNumberDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 + 10-62.1 + Mean number of particles per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - -On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. - Interpreter - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). - -The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). + + Inverse of the reluctance. + Permeance + Permeance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 + 6-40 + Inverse of the reluctance. - - - - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Detector - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM - Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuark + DownQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark - + - T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassFluxUnit - MassFluxUnit + PowerUnit + PowerUnit - + + + + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + SeparateManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + CuttingManufacturing + Trennen + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + + + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - PermeabilityUnit - PermeabilityUnit + + ForceUnit + ForceUnit - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - PoissonNumber - PoissonsRatio - PoissonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 - 4-18 - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time + Time + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + 3-7 + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - - - - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + + + + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + RadialDistance + RadialDistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 + 3-1.9 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - PhaseOfMatter - Phase - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + + + + GrowingCrystal + GrowingCrystal + -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AngularFrequencyUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit - + + - - + - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - ElectricFieldStrength - ElectricFieldStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 - 6-10 - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + Pressure + Pressure + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure + 4-14.1 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + + + + The sample after a preparation process. + PreparedSample + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. + + + + + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + + ReferenceSample + Certified Reference Material + Reference material + ReferenceSpecimen + ReferenceSample + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Reference material - - - + + + - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassDefect + RelativeMassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 + 10-22.2 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - - + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - JunctionTile - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - - - - - - - - - - - - Structural - Structural + + + + + RedCharmQuark + RedCharmQuark - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -9444,839 +8782,1078 @@ It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - Matter - PhysicalSubstance - Matter - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. + + CharmQuark + CharmQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark - - - - - Partition function of a molecule. - MolecularPartitionFunction - MolecularPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 - 9-35.4 - Partition function of a molecule. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RedQuark + RedQuark - - + + + + + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + IterativeStep + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + Workflow + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + + + + + + + - - - 1 + + - - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - CalibrationProcess - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - - - - - - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - MagneticSusceptibility - MagneticSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 - 6-28 - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 + 10-40 + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - - - - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - PotentialEnergy - PotentialEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy - 4-28.1 - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + + + + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Heteronuclear + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). - - - + + + + + - - + + - - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - MeasurementResult - MeasurementResult - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - measurement result - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. + + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + RichardsonConstant + RichardsonConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 + 12-26 + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - - - - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - VoltagePhasor - VoltagePhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 - 6-50 - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + AmountFractionUnit + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThirdGenerationFermion - ThirdGenerationFermion + + + + Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + FractionUnit + RatioUnit + FractionUnit + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - + + - + - + - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - ElectronDensity - ElectronDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 - 12-29.1 - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. + ElectricPotential + ElectroStaticPotential + ElectricPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential + 6-11.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - - - - RedCharmAntiQuark - RedCharmAntiQuark + + + + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + ReactiveMaterial + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharmAntiQuark - CharmAntiQuark + + + + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A constituent of a system. - Component - Component - A constituent of a system. + + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + EnergyFluence + EnergyFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 + 10-46 + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - - - - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - Chronoamperometry - AmperiometricDetection - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - - - - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Amperometry - Amperometry - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + Sign + Sign + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. - - - - - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 - 10-74.2 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - + + - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - CyclicVoltammetry - CV - CyclicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - MeanDurationOfLife - MeanLifeTime - MeanDurationOfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 - 10-25 - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Laboratory + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - - - + + + - - + - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - ThermodynamicTemperature - ThermodynamicTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature - 5-1 - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + DensityOfVibrationalStates + DensityOfVibrationalStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 + 12-12 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - + + - - - - - - - - - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - VolumicTotalCrossSection - MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - VolumicTotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 - 10-42.2 - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 + 10-33 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - + + + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + + SecondaryData + Elaborated data + SecondaryData + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Deconvoluted curves + Intensity maps + + + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreicSpeedUnit - AreicSpeedUnit + PerEnergyUnit + PerEnergyUnit - + + + + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + ComputerScience + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + + + + + + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + + + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + Material + Material + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Time derivative of kerma. + KermaRate + KermaRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 + 10-86.2 + Time derivative of kerma. + + + - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AngularFrequencyUnit - AngularFrequencyUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit - + - - + + - - - The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): -- object (focus on spatial configuration) -- process (focus on temporal evolution) - -The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. - -For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. - -Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + Declarer + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). + Someone who assigns a name to an object. + -This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + + + + + + + + + + + + + SectionModulus + SectionModulus + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 + 4-22 + -The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. - The union of the object or process classes. - Persistence - Persistence - The union of the object or process classes. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - - - - ArithmeticOperator - ArithmeticOperator + + + + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. - - - - AlgebricOperator - AlgebricOperator + + + + + GreenDownQuark + GreenDownQuark - + - T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - ElectricChargePerMassUnit + LengthUnit + LengthUnit - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectronType + ElectronType + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + Lepton + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton + + + + - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - MembraneOsmometry - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y - + - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - Osmometry - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + ChargeDistribution + ChargeDistribution - - + + + + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + Wavenumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + 3-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + - - - - - - - - - Time derivative of kerma. - KermaRate - KermaRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 - 10-86.2 - Time derivative of kerma. + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + NonLeakageProbability + NonLeakageProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 + 10-77 + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - + + + + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + + + + + + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + InternalEnergy + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy + 5.20-2 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + + + - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - MagneticReluctivityUnit - MagneticReluctivityUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - - - - Encoded data made of more than one datum. - DataSet - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + QuantumAnnihilation + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - - + + + + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + CausalCollapse + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + + - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - SeparateManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - CuttingManufacturing - Trennen - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + Extrusion + Extrusion - - + + + - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + ReshapeManufacturing DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - DiscreteManufacturing - Werkstücke - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + Forming + Umformen + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - - - - - - + + + + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. + Diameter + Diameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter + 3-1.5 + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter + + + + - - + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - HeatCapacity - HeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - 5-15 - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 + AbsorbedDoseUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit - - - - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - Sawing - Sägen - Sawing - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + + + + + Resistance quantum. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + VonKlitzingConstant + VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricResistivityUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit + + + - + - + - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - CatalyticActivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + VolumicTotalCrossSection + MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + VolumicTotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 + 10-42.2 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - + + - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - VolumePerTemperatureUnit + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + ExactConstant + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - - - - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - Grinding - Schleifen - Grinding + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + PhysicalConstant + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - - + + - UndefinedEdgeCutting - Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden - UndefinedEdgeCutting + FormingFromChip + FormingFromChip - - - - - RedBottomAntiQuark - RedBottomAntiQuark + + + + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + Drilling + Bohren + Drilling - - - - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - DataNormalisation - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + + + + CompiledLanguage + CompiledLanguage - - - - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - DataPreparation - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + + + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + ProgrammingLanguage + Code + SoftwareCode + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. - - - - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - The act of connecting together the parts of something - Assemblying - Assemblying - The act of connecting together the parts of something - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - - - - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - MaterialRelation - MaterialRelation - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. -A force field. -An Hamiltonian. - +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. - - - - - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - PropagationCoefficient - PropagationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 - 3-26.3 - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + SemioticObject + Object + SemioticObject + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - + - - - T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - MassSquareTimeUnit - MassSquareTimeUnit + + + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + Data + Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 + Contrast + Dedomena + Pattern + Data + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - - - - - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AccelerationUnit - AccelerationUnit + + + + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + Height + Height + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Height + 3-1.3 + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height - + + - - - - + + - - Mathematical description in crystallography. - StructureFactor - StructureFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 - 12-5.4 - Mathematical description in crystallography. + + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + Tessellation + Tiling + Tessellation + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - - - - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - ProcessEngineeringProcess - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + + + + + + + + + + + + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Reductionistic + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. + -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + ContinuumModel + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - Molecule - ChemicalSubstance - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. -e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). + + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + MaterialsModel + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - - - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 - MolecularEntity - ChemicalEntity - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. - Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). + + + + + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + MechanicalEfficiency + MechanicalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 + 4-29 + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + + + + + + + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + PhaseAngle + PhaseAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 + 3-7 + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + + + + + + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + + + + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + +"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + NominalProperty + NominalProperty + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + +A color is a nominal property. + +Sex of a human being. + nominal property + + + + + + + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + PerAreaTimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit + + + + + + + BlueDownAntiQuark + BlueDownAntiQuark + + + + + + + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 + 12-2.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Semiosis - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign + + + + GravitySintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + Loose-powderSintering + PressurelessSintering + GravitySintering - + @@ -10284,981 +9861,1141 @@ the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant - + - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - SpecificActivity - MassicActivity - SpecificActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 - 10-28 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + VolumicCrossSection + MacroscopicCrossSection + VolumicCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 + 10-42.1 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - - + + + + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + PSA + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + + - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - DisplacementCurrent - DisplacementCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 - 6-19.1 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + BaseQuantity + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + base quantity - - - - - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material - Material - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + + + + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - - - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - OrdinaryMatter - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + + + + ISO80000Categorised + ISO80000Categorised - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - Substance - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + + + + + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CoherenceLength + CoherenceLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 + 12-38.2 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidSolidSuspension + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - CausalSystem - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - A electron binded by a nucleus. - - - - - - - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PerAreaTimeUnit - PerAreaTimeUnit - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountTemperatureUnit - AmountTemperatureUnit + + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - + - - + + - - - - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - ManufacturedMaterial - EngineeredMaterial - ProcessedMaterial - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + + + + SolidMixture + SolidMixture - - + + + + + The charge of an electron. + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + + + + + + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + SpatialTile + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Deducer - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. - Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - - - - - - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - ThroughTile - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + Theorisation + Theorization + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - + - - + + - + - + - + + + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Determination + Characterisation + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. + + + + + + + - - + + - - Declaration - ConventionalSemiosis - Declaration + + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + ModulusOfCompression + BulkModulus + ModulusOfCompression + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 + 4-19.3 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - - - - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - Milling - Fräsen - Milling + + + + + + + + + + + + + Often denoted B. + Strength of the magnetic field. + MagneticFluxDensity + MagneticInduction + MagneticFluxDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 + 6-21 + Strength of the magnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark + + + + + + GluonType4 + GluonType4 + + + + - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - UltrasonicTesting - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + CreepTesting + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Energy per unit mass + SpecificEnergy + SpecificEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy + 5-21.1 + Energy per unit mass + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy + + + + + + FormingFromGas + FormingFromGas + + + + + + Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. + The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + IonActivity + IonActivity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - + + + + + ActivityOfSolute + RelativeActivityOfSolute + ActivityOfSolute + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 + 9-24 + + + + - + - ReciprocalDuration - InverseDuration - InverseTime - ReciprocalTime - ReciprocalDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + Entropy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy + 5-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - - - - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - HybridMatter - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + + + + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeBoson - CompositeBoson - Examples of composite particles with integer spin: -spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion -spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson -spin 2: O15 in ground state. + + + + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Osmometry + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - - + + - - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - Declarer - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). - Someone who assigns a name to an object. - - - - - - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - ProcedureUnit - MeasurementProcedure - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + + Mathematical description in crystallography. + StructureFactor + StructureFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 + 12-5.4 + Mathematical description in crystallography. - + - - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - HartreeEnergy - HartreeEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree - 10-8 - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + PotentialEnergy + PotentialEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy + 4-28.1 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 - + + + + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + Path + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) +C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) + + + + - - + - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - PlanckFunction - PlanckFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 - 5-23 - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - - - - - - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - NonNumericalData - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. -Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). -A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - EncodedData - EncodedVariation - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. - -Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). -Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. -Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. -Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). - A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + Capacitance + ElectricCapacitance + Capacitance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance + 6-13 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - Colloid - Colloid - A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. - Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + + + + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + MeasurementTime + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + + + + + + + + + + + + + SpecificEntropy + SpecificEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 + 5-19 - - + + + - + - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + Baryon + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon + -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + + + + + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + MeanEnergyImparted + MeanEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 + 10-80.2 + Expectation value of the energy imparted. - - + + - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - Device - Equipment - Machine - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + MergingManufacturing + AddingManufacturing + MergingManufacturing - - - + + - + - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - TotalMassStoppingPower - MassStoppingPower - TotalMassStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 - 10-55 - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + DynamicViscosity + Viscosity + DynamicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 + 4-24 + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 - - - - - GreenCharmQuark - GreenCharmQuark + + + + + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularFrequency + DebyeAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 + 12-10 + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + + + + Rate of change of the phase angle. + AngularFrequency + AngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency + 3-18 + Rate of change of the phase angle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - - - - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - ElectrochemicalTesting - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + + + + + + + + + + + + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + AngularVelocity + AngularVelocity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity + 3-12 + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - - + + + + + + + + + + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - ChargeDistribution - ChargeDistribution - - - - - - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + ProbeSampleInteraction + ProbeSampleInteraction + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - - - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + InteractionVolume + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + - Written as pOH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - POH - POH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + ModulusOfElasticity + YoungsModulus + ModulusOfElasticity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 + 4-19.1 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - - - - Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. - The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - IonActivity - IonActivity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + + + + + InjectionMolding + InjectionMolding - - - - At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: -pH < 7 are acidic; -pH = 7 are neutral; -pH > 7 are alkaline. -At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - Written as pH - PH - PH - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 - For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + + + + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + ArchetypeJoin + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - - - - - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - - RawData - RawData - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. - In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + + + + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + IonTransportNumber + CurrentFraction + TransferrenceNumber + IonTransportNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 + 9-46 + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 + 10-51 + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - - - - - - - - - - - - - SolidMixture - SolidMixture + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Index + Signal + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - - - - - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + FormingBlasting + Umformstrahlen + FormingBlasting - - - - - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + Widening + Weiten + Widening - - + + + + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + - - + - LuminousIntensityUnit - LuminousIntensityUnit + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + EquilibriumPositionVector + EquilibriumPositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 + 12-7.2 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - - - - - - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + + + + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + Tempering + QuenchingAndTempering + Vergüten + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - + - - + + + - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - CondensedMatter - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + SemioticEntity + SemioticEntity + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - - + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - StateOfMatter - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter + + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + UnitSymbol + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". - - - - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - MagneticPolarisation - MagneticPolarisation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 - 6-29 - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + MetrologicalSymbol + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - - - - - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - AbsoluteActivity - AbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 - 9-18 - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + NonPrefixedUnit + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - - - - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Estimator - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + TotalMassStoppingPower + MassStoppingPower + TotalMassStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 + 10-55 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - - - + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. - MassConcentrationOfWater - MassConcentrationOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 - 5-27 - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + AmountConcentrationUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit + + + + + - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - MaximumEfficiency - CarnotEfficiency - MaximumEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 - 5-25.2 - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + MolarGibbsEnergy + MolarGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 + 9-6.4 + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - - - - - RedTopQuark - RedTopQuark + + + + + + + + + + The sample is mounted on a holder. + The sample is mounted on a holder. + Mounting + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + SamplePreparation + SamplePreparation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + + + - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - MomentOfIntertia - MomentOfIntertia - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 - 4-7 - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + OxidationNumber + OxidationState + OxidationNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 - 10-4.3 - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. + The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. + ChargeNumber + IonizationNumber + ChargeNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number + 10-5.2 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 - - - - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - XpsVariableKinetic - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + + + + + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 + 9-29 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 - + + + + + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + ResidualResistivity + ResidualResistivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 + 12-17 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + + + + - + - + - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - ModulusOfCompression - BulkModulus - ModulusOfCompression - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 - 4-19.3 - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - - - - - - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - Description - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A biography. - A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - - - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - MassUnit - MassUnit - - - - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - SupplyChain - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + ElectricResistivity + Resistivity + ElectricResistivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 + 6-44 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 - - + + - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron - MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 - 10-12.2 - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + Average power over a period. + ActivePower + ActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 + 6-56 + Average power over a period. - + - + - + - + - + @@ -11267,309 +11004,491 @@ pH = −10 log(a_H+). - DownQuark - DownQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark + UpAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownQuarkType - DownQuarkType + + + + + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + SolidAngularMeasure + SolidAngle + SolidAngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle + 3-8 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle - - - - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - SpatialTile - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + + + + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AqueousSolution + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - - - - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - RadiantFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + + + + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. + MachineCell + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - - + + + + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + ManufacturingSystem + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + + + + + - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - RotationalFrequency - RotationalFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 - 3-17.2 - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + QualityFactor + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 + 10-82 + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - - + + + + + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + + + + + + - - + + - - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - SymbolicConstruct - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + + JouleThomsonCoefficient + JouleThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 + 5-24 - - + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - Observation - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + + + + + + + + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Measuring instrument - - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - Variable - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - x -k + + + + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + CalibrationData + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - - - - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - AES - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + + + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + ThroughTile + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - - + + + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - Synchrotron - Synchrotron + Thermogravimetry + TGA + Thermogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - + + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - ScatteringAndDiffraction - ScatteringAndDiffraction - - - - - - GluonType4 - GluonType4 + ThermochemicalTesting + TMA + ThermochemicalTesting + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - + - - - + - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - Permittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity - 6-14.1 - 6-14.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + Stress + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress + 4-15 + + + + + + + GreenCharmQuark + GreenCharmQuark + + + + + + + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + ActivityOfSolvent + ActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 + 9-27.1 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + + + + + + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + UnitOne + Unitless + UnitOne + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." + +-- SI Brochure + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + + + + + Written as pOH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + POH + POH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + + + + + + At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + Written as pH + PH + PH + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 + For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 + + + + + + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + RefractiveIndex + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + + + + + + + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + + + + + + + IsothermalCompressibility + IsothermalCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 + 5-5.1 - + - + - + - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - ElectricConductivity - Conductivity - ElectricConductivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 - 6-43 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + SpecificHeatCapacity + SpecificHeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity + 5-16.1 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - - - - - - - - - - For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - SolubilityProduct - SolubilityProductConstant - SolubilityProduct - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 + + + + CeramicSintering + CeramicSintering - - - - - The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - EquilibriumConstant - EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis - EquilibriumConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 + + + + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + SIMS + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - + + - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - DynamicLightScattering - DLS - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + Spectrometry + Spectrometry + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - - - ReactionSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - ReactionSintering + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharmAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark - - - - + + - - + + - - + + - - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Measuring instrument + + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + Atom + ChemicalElement + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - - - - A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + + + + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + GammaSpectrometry + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + --- VIM - MeasuringInstrument - MeasuringInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. + + + + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + ClassicalData + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + --- VIM - measuring instrument + + + + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. + A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. + Mathematical + Mathematical + The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - + + - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - DataFiltering - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + + SquareWaveVoltammetry + OSWV + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + SWV + SquareWaveVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + Property + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. +Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. + The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -11577,300 +11496,340 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a - + - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - Estimation - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Determiner + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - - - - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - Screwing - Schrauben - Screwing + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + GasLiquidSuspension + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + GasMixture + GasMixture + + + + - - + + T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - + + - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - ElectricInductance - Inductance - ElectricInductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 - 6-41.1 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - - + + + + + T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - GroupVelocity - GroupSpeed - GroupVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity - 3-23.2 - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + InverseSquareMassUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit + + + + - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - ThermalInsulance - CoefficientOfThermalInsulance - ThermalInsulance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 - 5-11 - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + MagneticQuantumNumber + MagneticQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 + 10-13.4 + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - + - - - - - - + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - - CompositeFermion - CompositeFermion - Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: -spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron -spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) + + + AreaUnit + AreaUnit + + + + + + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + DataQuality + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + + + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + ComputerSystem + Computer + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + AreaPerMassUnit + AreaPerMassUnit + + + + + + + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + OsmoticFactorOfSolvent + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 + 9-27.2 + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + + + + + + + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + DebyeWallerFactor + DebyeWallerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 + 12-8 + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + + + + + + + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + AbsoluteHumidity + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + 5-28 + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + + + + + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + AngularWaveNumber + AngularRepetency + AngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 + 12-9.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + + + + + + + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 + 10-49 + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - Fermion - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + + + + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + ZBoson + NeutralWeakBoson + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - + + - + - + - - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - CompositePhysicalParticle - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + + WeakBoson + WeakBoson - + + + + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Electrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + + + - - + - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - LorenzCoefficient - LorenzNumber - LorenzCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 - 12-18 - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - - - - - - - ElementaryBoson - ElementaryBoson - - - - - - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 - 9-27.3 - - - - - - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - - SampleExtraction - SampleExtraction - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + Time derivative of exposure. + ExposureRate + ExposureRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 + 10-89 + Time derivative of exposure. - + - - - The abstract notion of angle. - AngularMeasure - AngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 - 3-5 - The abstract notion of angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - - - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - Angle - PlaneAngle - Angle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - 3-5 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - DampingCoefficient - DampingCoefficient - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 - 3-24 - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - - - - - - SandMolds - SandMolds - - - - - - FormingFromPowder - FormingFromPowder - - - - - - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - ModellingLanguage - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - -Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - -Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language + Rotation + Rotation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 + 3-16 - - - - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Semiosis + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - - - - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - - - - - SystemUnit - SystemUnit + + + + + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - + @@ -11878,1365 +11837,1558 @@ Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for desc - + - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - DecayConstant - DisintegrationConstant - DecayConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 - 10-24 - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + MassExcess + MassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 + 10-21.1 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - - - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PerVolumeUnit - PerVolumeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + GaugeBoson + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - - - - - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - Spin - Spin - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 - 10-10 - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + FundamentalBoson + FundamentalBoson + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - AngularMomentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum - 4-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + PositionVector + PositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) + 3-1.10 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) - - - - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - ProgrammingLanguage - Code - SoftwareCode - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + LevelOfExpertise + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - - - - + + - - + + - - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - MolarConductivity - MolarConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 - 9-45 - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 + + + + + 1 + + + + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + CalibrationProcess + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + + + + + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coupled + Coupled + + + + + + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + Foam + Foam + A colloid formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid. + + + + + + + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. + Colloid + Colloid + A mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble or soluble particles (from 1 nm to 1 μm) is suspended throughout another substance and that does not settle, or would take a very long time to settle appreciably. + Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - + + - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - - ThermochemicalTreatment - ThermochemicalTreatment + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + IonAtom + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - - - - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - HeatTreatment - wärmebehandeln - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + StandaloneAtom + StandaloneAtom + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + + AngularMomentumUnit + AngularMomentumUnit - - - - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + Cutting + Schneiden + Cutting + -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - Objective - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + + + + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + AlgebricExpression + 2x+3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 - 4-21.1 + + + + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + Expression + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - - - - + + + + + BlueUpAntiQuark + BlueUpAntiQuark + + + - - - - - - - - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - MagnetomotiveForce - MagnetomotiveForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 - 6-37.3 - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + + Determined + Determined - - - - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - PSA - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + + + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + Constituent + ObjectPart + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + A tire is a constituent of a car. - - - - - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - PartialPressure - PartialPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 - 9-19 - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidSolidSuspension + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud - - - - - + + + + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + AccessConditions + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - Pressure - Pressure - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure - 4-14.1 - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - - - + - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - ElectricPotentialUnit - ElectricPotentialUnit + + + + + + + + + Declaration + ConventionalSemiosis + Declaration - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - - - - - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - ScientificTheory - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - + W = g μ M B - - - - Observed - Observed - The biography of a person met by the author. - +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. - - - - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. +-- ISO 80000 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. + ΔW = −μ · B + MagneticDipoleMoment + MagneticDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + 10-9.1 + 6-30 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - - + + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - - - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - AreaPerTemperatureUnit + + + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + Matrix + 2DArray + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - - - - FormingFromIonised - FormingFromIonised - + + + + Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. - - - - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - da una forma non propria ad una forma propria - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - Powder: -particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. + Array + Array + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth... - - + + + - Enthalpy per unit mass. - SpecificEnthalpy - SpecificEnthalpy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 - 5-21.3 - Enthalpy per unit mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 + 12-29.3 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - + - - - + - Energy per unit mass - SpecificEnergy - SpecificEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy - 5-21.1 - Energy per unit mass - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy + ReciprocalVolume + ReciprocalVolume - - - - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Deducer + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. + Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + + TimePerVolumeUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit - - - + + + + RightHandedParticle + RightHandedParticle + + + + + - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - CyclotronAngularFrequency - CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 - 10-16 - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. + IsentropicExponent + IsentropicExponent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 + 5-17.2 - - - - ElectrolyticDeposition - ElectrolyticDeposition + + + + Product of force and displacement. + Work + Work + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work + Product of force and displacement. + 4-28.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - - - - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - OrdinalQuantity - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - ordinal quantity + + + + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + NonNumericalData + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - 1 + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - Quantity - Measurand - Quantity - https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - length -Rockwell C hardness -electric resistance - measurand - quantity - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. +-- SI Brochure + The number of elementary entities present. + AmountOfSubstance + AmountOfSubstance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance + 9-2 + The number of elementary entities present. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - - - - DataProcessingApplication - DataProcessingApplication + + + + Inverse of the impendance. + Admittance + ComplexAdmittance + Admittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance + 6-52.1 + Inverse of the impendance. - - - - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - ApplicationProgram - App - Application - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - + + + + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + String + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - - - - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - CommercialProduct - Product - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. +In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. - - - - - - - - - - - + + - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Operator - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Rationale + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - - - + + + + + T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - ActivityCoefficient - ActivityCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 - 9-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 - - - - - - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - Factory - IndustrialPlant - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit - - - - - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - NeutronNumber - NeutronNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 - 10-1.2 - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 + + + + A construction language used to write configuration files. + ConfigurationLanguage + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + .ini files + Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - - - - - - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - HeatFlowRate - HeatFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 - 5-7 - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + + + + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Measurer + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - - - - - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - ResonanceEnergy - ResonanceEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 - 10-37.2 - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + + + + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + Observer + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - - - - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - - Spectrometry - Spectrometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + + + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + ModelledProperty + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - - - - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + + + + ModulusOfAdmittance + ModulusOfAdmittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 + 6-52.4 - + - - - - - - + + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - + + + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Determiner - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + CatalyticActivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricResistanceUnit - ElectricResistanceUnit + PowerDensityUnit + PowerDensityUnit - - - - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedSimulation - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + + + + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + DefiningEquation + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. + +The definition of density as mass/volume. + +y = f(x) - - - - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - DataQuality - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + PoissonNumber + PoissonsRatio + PoissonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 + 4-18 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - - - - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - DCPolarography - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Numerical + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - - + + - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - Cleaning - Cleaning + FormingFromIonised + FormingFromIonised - - - + + + - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - 5-35 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + ExchangeIntegral + ExchangeIntegral + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 + 12-34 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - + + + + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + Viscometry + Viscosity + Viscometry + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + + + + + + Arctan of the loss factor + LossAngle + LossAngle + https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 + 6-55 + Arctan of the loss factor + + + - + - + - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - MagneticVectorPotential - MagneticVectorPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 - 6-32 - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + HeatCapacity + HeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity + 5-15 + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 - - - - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - NonEncodedData - EnvironmentalData - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + RapidPrototyping + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + + + + + + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + AdditiveManufacturing + GenerativeManufacturing + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + + + + + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + Attenuation + Extinction + Attenuation + 3-26.1 + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + + + + + + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + ModellingLanguage + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. + +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language + + + + + + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + VoltagePhasor + VoltagePhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 + 6-50 + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + + + + + + DieCasting + DieCasting + + + + + + + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + HalfValueThickness + HalfValueThickness + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 + 10-53 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + + + + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + Thickness + Thickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 + 3-1.4 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - - - - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + + + + + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + StandardAmountConcentration + StandardConcentration + StandardMolarConcentration + StandardAmountConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + 9-12.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 - - + + + + + - - / + + - - Division - Division + + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + AmountConcentration + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + + + + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + Activity + Activity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 + 10-27 + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 - - + + + + + Position vector of a particle. + ParticlePositionVector + ParticlePositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 + 12-7.1 + Position vector of a particle. + + + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - MaterialsModel - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - - - - - - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - NucleonNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number - 10-1.3 - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 - + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - - - - Filling - Filling - +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - - - - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - - SquareWaveVoltammetry - OSWV - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - SWV - SquareWaveVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 +-- ISO 80000-3 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + PositionVector + Position + PositionVector + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - - - - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + + + + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + Milling + Fräsen + Milling - + - - - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - LinearIonization - LinearIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 - 10-58 - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - - - - - - - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - ConstitutiveProcess - ConstitutiveProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - Blood circulation in a human body. - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - - - - - - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - NonTemporalRole - HolisticSpatialPart - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - - - - - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - RelativeMassDensity - RelativeDensity - RelativeMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 - 4-4 - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 - - - - - - FormingJoin - FormingJoin + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + FastFissionFactor + FastFissionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 + 10-75 + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - - - - DrawForms - DrawForms + + + + MultiParticlePath + MultiParticlePath - - - - FormingFromPlastic - FormingFromPlastic + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + CausalParticle + CausalParticle + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - TemperatureTimeUnit - TemperatureTimeUnit + + + + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - - - - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - RadialDistance - RadialDistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 - 3-1.9 - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + + + + + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - + + - + - + - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 - 12-2.2 - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - - - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - MassPerAmountUnit - MassPerAmountUnit + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + ThermalInsulance + CoefficientOfThermalInsulance + ThermalInsulance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 + 5-11 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - - + - - - + + + 2 - - Perceived power of light. - LuminousFlux - LuminousFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux - 7-13 - Perceived power of light. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 + + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + Collection + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - - - - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - SuperconductorEnergyGap - SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 - 12-37 - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + + + + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + MathematicalOperator + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. + The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. - - - + + + + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + HolisticArrangement + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + + + + - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - GapEnergy - BandgapEnergy - GapEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 - 12-27.2 - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + TotalIonization + TotalIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 + 10-59 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - - + + - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 - 10-13.7 - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + Heat + AmountOfHeat + Heat + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat + 5-6.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - + - - - - - - + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasSolution - GasMixture - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + + + PerAreaUnit + PerAreaUnit - + - - - - - - + + + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - - GasMixture - GasMixture + + + PressureUnit + PressureUnit - - - - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + ShellScript + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script - - - - - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - MolarGasConstant - MolarGasConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant - 9-37.1 - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + + + + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + CommandLanguage + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + Unix shell. +Batch programming languages. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - + + + + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Conductometry + Conductometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + - - + + - SpecificGasConstant - SpecificGasConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 - 5-26 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EnergyDensityOfStates + EnergyDensityOfStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 + 12-16 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. - - - - - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - Attenuation - Extinction - Attenuation - 3-26.1 - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + + + + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + Cognised + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. - - + + + + - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - derived quantity + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + ThermalDiffusionFactor + ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 + 9-40.2 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - - - - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - MeasurementParameter - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + + + + ThermalDiffusionRatio + ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 + 9-40.1 - - - - A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - Parameter - Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + + + + + + + + + + + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + AbsorbedDoseRate + AbsorbedDoseRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 + 10-84 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - - + + - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - NeelTemperature - NeelTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 - 12-35.2 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + DiffusionLength + DiffusionLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 + 12-33 + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - - + + + - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - CriticalTemperature - CriticalTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + ElectronRadius + ElectronRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 + 10-19.2 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - - + + + - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - + + + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + + + + + - ThermalConductivityUnit - ThermalConductivityUnit + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 + 10-32 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + CompositePhysicalParticle + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + + + + + + Electroplating + Electroplating + + + + + + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + CoatingManufacturing + DIN 8580:2020 + Beschichten + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - - - - - BlueDownAntiQuark - BlueDownAntiQuark + + + + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + Sawing + Sägen + Sawing + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - - + + + + + - - - + + - - Minus - Minus - - - - - - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + DoseEquivalent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent + 10-83.1 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." - -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." - -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - NominalProperty - NominalProperty - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered - -A color is a nominal property. - -Sex of a human being. - nominal property + + + + + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Stage + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. - - - - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - Soldering - Löten - Soldering + + + + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + TemporalRole + HolisticTemporalPart + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. - + + - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - PathLength - ArcLength - PathLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length - 3-1.7 - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length - - - - - - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - FE-SEM - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - - - - - - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 - 9-35.1 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + MigrationLength + MigrationLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 + 10-73.3 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. - - - + + - StaticFrictionForce - StaticFriction - StaticFrictionForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 - 4-9.3 + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron + MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 + 10-12.2 + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - - + + - + - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - Force - Force - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force - 4-9.1 - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + GyromagneticRatio + GyromagneticCoefficient + MagnetogyricRatio + GyromagneticRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 + 10-12.1 + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 - - - - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - CentreOfMass - CentreOfMass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + + + + ProductionEngineering + ProductionEngineering - - - + + + + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + ProcessEngineeringProcess + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik + + + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + TauNeutrino + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + CondensedMatter + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + + + + - + - + - + @@ -13244,295 +13396,189 @@ Sex of a human being. - - AntiNeutrinoType - AntiNeutrinoType + + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Fluid + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - AntiLepton - AntiLepton + + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + StateOfMatter + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - + - + - - - - - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - AreaDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - PerAmountUnit - PerAmountUnit - - - - - - - T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - TimePerLengthUnit - TimePerLengthUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - DataProcessing - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - - - - - - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - Computation - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - A matematician that calculates 2+2. -A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. - - - - - - - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - - - - - - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - RollingResistanceFactor - RollingResistanceFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 - 4-23.3 - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - - - - - - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - CSV - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Entropy per amount of substance. + MolarEntropy + MolarEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 + 9-8 + Entropy per amount of substance. - - - - + + + - ActivityFactor - ActivityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 - 9-22 - - - - - - - - - - - - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - MixedTiling - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + distance between successive lattice planes + LatticePlaneSpacing + LatticePlaneSpacing + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 + 12-3 + distance between successive lattice planes - - - - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + Distance is the norm of Displacement. + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + Distance + Distance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance + 3-1.8 + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance - - - - - One minus the square of the coupling factor - LeakageFactor - LeakageFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 - 6-42.2 - One minus the square of the coupling factor + + + + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). - -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. - -While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - QuantityValue - QuantityValue - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - quantity value - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + + + + MesoscopicSubstance + MesoscopicSubstance - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - URL - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Exafs + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - - + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + TemperatureUnit + TemperatureUnit - - - - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - SparkErosion - elektrochemisches Abtragen - SparkErosion + + + + + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 + 12-36.3 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - - - + - - + + + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + RelativeVolumeStrain + BulkStrain + VolumeStrain + RelativeVolumeStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 + 4-17.4 + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + + + + - - + + T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Mass per length. - LinearMassDensity - LinearDensity - LineicMass - LinearMassDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 - 4-6 - Mass per length. + MassAreaUnit + MassAreaUnit - - - - Numeral - Numeral + + + + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + PseudoscalarMeson + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - + @@ -13540,705 +13586,633 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - + - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - RecombinationCoefficient - RecombinationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 - 10-63 - Coefficient in the law of recombination, + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + DecayConstant + DisintegrationConstant + DecayConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 + 10-24 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TopQuark - TopQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark + + + + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. + FunctionalIcon + FunctionalIcon + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). + A guinea pig. + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - - - - - - - 1 - - - - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - IRI - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier + + + + LiquidPhaseSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + LiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - - 1 - - + + + + + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassExcess + RelativeMassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 + 10-22.1 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + + + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities + + + + + + + - - - 2 + + - - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Neutron - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - - - - - - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - DeepFreezing - Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze - Tieftemperaturbehandeln - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + Decays per unit time. + Radioactivity + RadioactiveActivity + Radioactivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + Decays per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - - - - Assigned - Assigned + + + + + + + + + + + + + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + MathematicalModel + MathematicalModel + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - + - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - Role - HolisticPart - Part - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + Holistic + Wholistic + Holistic + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. + A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - + - + - + - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - SpecificVolume - MassicVolume - SpecificVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 - 4-3 - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + MassieuFunction + MassieuFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 + 5-22 + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - + + + + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + Dismantling + Demontage + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - ActivityOfSolvent - ActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 - 9-27.1 - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + MagneticSusceptibility + MagneticSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 + 6-28 + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - - - - - + + + - - - - + + + + + + - - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - MassAttenuationCoefficient - MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 - 10-50 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Operator + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - + + + + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + AlphaSpectrometry + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + + + JavaScript + JavaScript + + + + + + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + ScriptingLanguage + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + + + + + + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Deduced + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + + + - - + - - - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 - 4-21.2 - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - TemperatureUnit - TemperatureUnit - - - - - - - BlueTopAntiQuark - BlueTopAntiQuark - - - - - - - RedBottomQuark - RedBottomQuark - - - - - - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. - --- VIM - MeasuredProperty - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + ParticleSourceDensity + ParticleSourceDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 + 10-66 + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ForceUnit - ForceUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit - - - - - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - ActiveEnergy - ActiveEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 - 6-62 - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + + + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + AES + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - - - PhotochemicalProcesses - PhotochemicalProcesses + + + + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - - - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - Assignment - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + + + + + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + MultiplicationFactor + MultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 + 10-78.1 + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - - - - - Positron - Positron + + + + + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + EntropyPerMassUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit - - - + + - + - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - VolumicCrossSection - MacroscopicCrossSection - VolumicCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 - 10-42.1 - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + MagneticMoment + MagneticAreaMoment + MagneticMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 + 6-23 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 - - + + - Heat capacity at constant volume. - IsochoricHeatCapacity - HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume - IsochoricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 - 5-16.3 - Heat capacity at constant volume. + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + GroupVelocity + GroupSpeed + GroupVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity + 3-23.2 + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity - + + - - + + - + + - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - DiffusionArea - DiffusionArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 - 10-72.2 - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - - - - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - PhaseAngle - PhaseAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 - 3-7 - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. - - - - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. - Width - Breadth - Width - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 - 3-1.2 - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. - - - - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. +-- IEC, note 1 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. +-- ISO 80000-3 + Velocity + Velocity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - DimensionalUnit - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3-8.1 + 3‑10.1 + -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + + + + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + VPO + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + + + + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueQuark - BlueQuark + + + + A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + WorkpieceForming + ArchetypeForming + PrimitiveForming + WorkpieceForming - - + + + - Product of force and displacement. - Work - Work - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work - Product of force and displacement. - 4-28.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 + 10-74.2 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - - - - - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - SolidFoam - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel + + + + + + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + MetricPrefix + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - ResourceIdentifier - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + + + + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Constant + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - - - + - - - - - - - + - Mass per amount of substance. - MolarMass - MolarMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 - 9-4 - Mass per amount of substance. + StandardChemicalPotential + StandardChemicalPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 + 9-21 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 - - + + + + + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + RestMass + InvariantMass + ProperMass + RestMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity + 10-2 + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass + + + + + + - + - - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - ChemicalPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential - 9-17 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - - - - - - - + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - RedQuark - RedQuark - - - - - + + + + - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - OsmoticFactorOfSolvent - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 - 9-27.2 - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Mass + Mass + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass + 4-1 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - - - - Casting - Casting + + + + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + IsobaricHeatCapacity + HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure + IsobaricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 + 5-16.2 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. - - - - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - Tortuosity - Tortuosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + + + + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Hazard + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - + + - - + - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - PeltierCoefficient - PeltierCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 - 12-22 - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Semiotics - Semiotics + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 + 10-41 + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - - - + + + - The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - MeanFreePath - MeanFreePath - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 - 9-38 - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + FermiAnglularRepetency + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 + 12-9.2 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - - + + - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - LinearChronopotentiometry - LinearChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + LinearScanVoltammetry + LSV + LinearPolarization + LinearSweepVoltammetry + LinearScanVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + + + + + + + + + + - ElectricCurrentPhasor - ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 - 6-49 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Magnetization + Magnetization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 + 6-24 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - - - + + + - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - TauNeutrino - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + GreenTopQuark + GreenTopQuark - - - + + + - + - + - + @@ -14247,272 +14221,382 @@ Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - NeutrinoType - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino + TopQuark + TopQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark - - - - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + + + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + Nailing + Nageln + Nailing - - + + + + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + Device + Equipment + Machine + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + + + + - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Dielectrometry - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - - + + + + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + + + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + + + + + + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + TotalCrossSection + TotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 + 10-38.2 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 + 10-38.1 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + + + + - - SampleInspectionInstrument - SampleInspectionInstrument + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + CyclicChronopotentiometry + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - - + + - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Chronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + LorenzCoefficient + LorenzNumber + LorenzCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 + 12-18 + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + + + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + MesoscopicModel + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + + + + + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. + +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. + +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. + +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + Subjective + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing. - + + + + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - AtomicMass - AtomicMass - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - 10-4.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - - - - - - HandlingDevice - HandlingDevice - - - - - - - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - EBSD - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - - - - - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - SEM - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + ExtentOfReaction + ExtentOfReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 + 9-31 + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - Boson - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson - - - - - - - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularFrequency - DebyeAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 - 12-10 - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + UpQuarkType + UpQuarkType - - - - - + + - - + + - - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - Compressibility - Compressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 - 4-20 - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + IterativeWorkflow + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - - - - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. - MachineCell - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + + + + + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + SerialWorkflow + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - - - - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - ManufacturingSystem - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + + + + + GreenBottomQuark + GreenBottomQuark - - - - - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - ReactorTimeConstant - ReactorTimeConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 - 10-79 - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + + + + + Synchrotron + Synchrotron - - + + - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - - + + + - - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - ElectricFluxUnit - ElectricFluxUnit + + + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + AlgebricEquation + 2 * a - b = c - + + - + + + + + + + + - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - BindingFraction - BindingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 - 10-23.2 - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + Number of ions per volume. + IonNumberDensity + IonDensity + IonNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 + 10-62.2 + Number of ions per volume. - - - - ThermomechanicalTreatment - ThermomechanicalTreatment + + + + + + + + + + + + + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + TotalLinearStoppingPower + LinearStoppingPower + TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 + 10-54 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - - - - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - PeriodDuration - Period - PeriodDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 - 3-14 - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + + + + + + + + + + + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedModel + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - - + + + + + - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - LengthUnit - LengthUnit + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 + 12-2.2 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - - + + + + + GreenBottomAntiQuark + GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + + + - + - + - + @@ -14521,988 +14605,1030 @@ Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - GaugeBoson - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson + BottomAntiQuark + BottomAntiQuark - - - - - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - MassFractionOfDryMatter - MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 - 5-32 - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenAntiQuark + GreenAntiQuark - + + + + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + MembraneOsmometry + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + + + - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - MassFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction - 9-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + VolumeFraction + VolumeFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction + 9-14 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 - - - - - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - SpecificEnergyImparted - SpecificEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 - 10-81.2 - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + + + + + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MomentumUnit + MomentumUnit - - - - - + + + + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + DataAnalysis + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + + + - - + + - - Time derivative of exposure. - ExposureRate - ExposureRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 - 10-89 - Time derivative of exposure. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + DataProcessing + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + + + + + + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + CausalInteraction + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + FundamentalInteraction + FundamentalInteraction + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - - - + + - ActivityOfSolute - RelativeActivityOfSolute - ActivityOfSolute - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 - 9-24 - - - - - - Molds - Molds + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 + 10-13.8 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - - - + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 + + + - For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. - IsentropicExponent - IsentropicExponent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 - 5-17.2 + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - - - - - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 - 12-15.2 - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + + + + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + EIS + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + + + + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Impedimetry + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - + + - - + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - Magnetization - Magnetization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 - 6-24 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - - - - - - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - MetricPrefix - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiQuark + AntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - - - - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - Constant - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + + + + Letter + Letter - - - - - - + + - - - - - - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagneticFieldStrength - MagnetizingFieldStrength - MagneticFieldStrength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 - 6-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - - - - - - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 - 10-65 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ReciprocalLengthUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - AntiMatter - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + + + + + + + + + + + + + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + Role + HolisticPart + Part + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - - + + - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - Height - Height - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Height - 3-1.3 - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - + - - + + - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - MassExcess - MassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 - 10-21.1 - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - - - - - - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - FatigueTesting - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - - - - - - - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - TotalIonization - TotalIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 - 10-59 - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + DiffusionCoefficient + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - - - - - + + - - + + + 1 - - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - VolumicElectromagneticEnergy - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 - 6-33 - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + + + + + 1 + + + + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + PrefixedUnit + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - - + + + - CausallHairedSystem - CausallHairedSystem - - - - - - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - ProcessingReproducibility - ProcessingReproducibility - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + BlueStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeQuark - - - - - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum - 6-35.2 - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 + + + + + + + + + + + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + Vector + 1DArray + LinearArray + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - - + + - + - + - - FundamentalMatterParticle - FundamentalMatterParticle + + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + PhysicalParticle + Particle + PhysicalParticle + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mass per amount of substance. + MolarMass + MolarMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 + 9-4 + Mass per amount of substance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + Program + Executable + Program + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - - - - - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassExcess - RelativeMassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 - 10-22.1 - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + + + + + + + + + + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + StrictFundamental + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - + + - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - HardeningByRolling - VerfestigendurchWalzen - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + The act of connecting together the parts of something + Assemblying + Assemblying + The act of connecting together the parts of something + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - - - - - - + + + + + - - + - - - - - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - PhysicalObject - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + + + + + + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + Observation + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - - - - - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - GrueneisenParamter - GrueneisenParamter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 - 12-14 - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + + + + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - - - - - + + + + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + DataPostProcessing + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + + - - + + + + + + - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - LuminousIntensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity - 7-14 - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + MassNumber + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - LightAndRadiationQuantity - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + + + + + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + ElectronNeutrino + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - - + + + - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - ElectricImpedance - Impedance - ElectricImpedance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 - 6-51.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + Wavenumber + Repetency + Wavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + 3-20 + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - + - T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MassStoppingPowerUnit - MassStoppingPowerUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - - - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - DiscreteData - DiscreteData - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + + + + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 + 5-16.4 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - UpQuarkType - UpQuarkType - - - - - - A function defined using functional notation. - A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). - MathematicalFunction - FunctionDefinition - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) - - - - - - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - DefiningEquation - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - -The definition of density as mass/volume. + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + PhysicalPhenomena + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + -y = f(x) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + Measurement + Measurement + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + measurement - - + + + + + T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - TotalCrossSection - TotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 - 10-38.2 - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - - + + - + - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 - 10-38.1 - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + PoyntingVector + PoyntingVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 + 6-34 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - - - - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - AnalogData - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + SupplyChain + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - - - - - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - RadiantEnergy - RadiantEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 - 10-45 - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + + + + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Network + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - - - - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - FibDic - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + TensileForming + Zugdruckumformen + TensileForming - - - - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 - 10-13.3 - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + + + + + GreenDownAntiQuark + GreenDownAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark + + + + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + NonActivePower + NonActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 + 6-61 + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - - - - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - LevelOfExpertise - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + + + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Modeller + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - - - - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + The energy of an object due to its motion. + KineticEnergy + KineticEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy + 4-28.2 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 - + + - - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - InternalConversionFactor - InternalConversionCoefficient - InternalConversionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 - 10-35 - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + ResonanceEscapeProbability + ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 + 10-68 + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - - + + + - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - MagneticQuantumNumber - MagneticQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 - 10-13.4 - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + NeelTemperature + NeelTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 + 12-35.2 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - - - - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - Thickness - Thickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 - 3-1.4 - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + + + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + CPlusPlus + C++ + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - - 1 + + - - A real number. - Real - Real - A real number. - - - - - - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - DiffusionLength - DiffusionLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 - 12-33 - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Exposure + Exposure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 + 10-88 + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - - - - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. + + + + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + + Probe + Probe + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. + In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. + In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) + In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). + In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry - - - - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + + + + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + Namer + Namer + An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - Moulding - Gesenkformen - Moulding + + + + + Square root of the slowing down area. + SlowingDownLength + SlowingDownLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 + 10-73.1 + Square root of the slowing down area. - - - - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - TensileTesting - TensionTest - TensileTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + + + DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator - + - + - + - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - ParticleFluenceRate - ParticleFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 - 10-44 - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 + 6-5 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - - - - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuarkType + DownQuarkType - - - - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - CreepTesting - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + + + + + HelmholtzEnergy + HelmholtzFreeEnergy + HelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 + 5-20.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 - - - - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - Naming - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + ShortRangeOrderParameter + ShortRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 + 12-5.1 + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - - - + + - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 - 12-35.3 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + imaginary part of the admittance + Susceptance + Susceptance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 + 6-52.3 + imaginary part of the admittance + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 + 10-87 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - + - - - - - - - + + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - - - - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - Step - Step - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - - - - - - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - GreenStrangeAntiQuark + + + PerPressureUnit + PerPressureUnit - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - Electron - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + PerTemperatureUnit + PerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectronType - ElectronType + + + + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + XpsVariableKinetic + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - + - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AbsorbedDoseUnit - AbsorbedDoseUnit + DensityUnit + DensityUnit - - - + + + - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - GibbsEnergy - GibbsFreeEnergy - GibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 - 5-20.5 - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + BraggAngle + BraggAngle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 + 12-4 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - + @@ -15510,2231 +15636,2352 @@ y = f(x) - + - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - ThermalTransmittance - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 - 5-10.1 - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + ThermalConductance + ThermalConductance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 + 5-13 + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - - + + - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - NuclearRadius - NuclearRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 - 10-19.1 - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + HalfLife + HalfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 + 10-31 + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - - - - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - NSE - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + + + + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + TemperaturePerPressureUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit - - - - DifferentialOperator - DifferentialOperator + + + + + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 + 9-36.1 - - - - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - MathematicalOperator - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. - The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. + + + + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + DataAcquisitionRate + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - - - - - - + + + + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + Naming + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + - - + + T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 - - + + - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - AbsorbedDose - AbsorbedDose - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - 10-81.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + + + + + + + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + ConstitutiveProcess + ConstitutiveProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + Blood circulation in a human body. + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - + + + + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + ConfocalMicroscopy + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + + + - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - ArchetypeJoin - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - + + + + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. - - - - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - TransformationLanguage - TransformationLanguage - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language - Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML +-- VIM + MeasuredProperty + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - + - + - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - IonizationEnergy - IonizationEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 - 12-24.2 - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + ReactionEnergy + ReactionEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 + 10-37.1 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - - - - - T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - + + + - IlluminanceTimeUnit - IlluminanceTimeUnit + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 + 10-60 + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - - - - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - AlphaSpectrometry - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + Flanging + Flanging - - - - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Electrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + + + FormingJoin + FormingJoin - - - - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - SourceVoltage - SourceTension - SourceVoltage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 - 6-36 - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + + + + ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation + 1 + 1 = 2 - - - - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - SpecificGibbsEnergy - SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 - 5-21.5 - Gibbs energy per unit mass. + + + + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. + + SampledDCPolarography + TASTPolarography + SampledDCPolarography + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - PseudovectorMeson - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson + + + + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + DCPolarography + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - Interpretant - Interpretant - The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. + + + + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + + ACVoltammetry + ACV + ACVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - + + - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - StandardAmountConcentration - StandardConcentration - StandardMolarConcentration - StandardAmountConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - 9-12.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + RadiantFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - AmountConcentration - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + GrueneisenParamter + GrueneisenParamter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 + 12-14 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - - - - CeramicMaterial - CeramicMaterial + + + + + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + ReactorTimeConstant + ReactorTimeConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 + 10-79 + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - + - T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + InductanceUnit + InductanceUnit - - - - GluonType6 - GluonType6 + + + + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - - + + + + ThermomechanicalTreatment + ThermomechanicalTreatment + + + + + - HelmholtzEnergy - HelmholtzFreeEnergy - HelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 - 5-20.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + LondonPenetrationDepth + LondonPenetrationDepth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 + 12-38.1 + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - + + + + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + Planing + Hobeln + Planing + + + - + - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - FastFissionFactor - FastFissionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 - 10-75 - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + SlowingDownArea + SlowingDownArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 + 10-72.1 + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - - - + + + + + + - - + + - - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - CharacterisationSystem - CharacterisationSystem - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Measuring system + + Extent of a surface. + Area + Area + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area + 3-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 - - - + + - - + + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - MeasuringSystem - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - measuring system - - - - - - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. - Solubility - Solubility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 - - - - - - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - ComplexPower - ComplexApparentPower - ComplexPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 - 6-59 - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - - - - - - - BlueStrangeQuark - BlueStrangeQuark + + + + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - - + - - - - - StrangeQuark - StrangeQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark - - - - - - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - IMC - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + + + + + + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + KnownConstant + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - - - - - The sample after a preparation process. - PreparedSample - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. + + + + + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 + 6-35.1 + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ThermalResistanceUnit - ThermalResistanceUnit + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + ShearStrain + ShearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 + 4-17.3 + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - MassNumber - AtomicMassNumber - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + Mobility + Mobility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 + 10-61 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - - - - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - HiggsBoson - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + ElectronicModel + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock. - - - - Describes the level of automation of the test. - LevelOfAutomation - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. + + + + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + SparkErosion + elektrochemisches Abtragen + SparkErosion - - - - PhysicalyUnbonded - PhysicalyUnbonded + + + + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + Ablation + Abtragen + Ablation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - PhysicallyInteractingConvex + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 + + + + + RichardsonConstantUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit - - + + - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - DisplacementCurrentDensity - DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 - 6-18 - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + RadiusOfCurvature + RadiusOfCurvature + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature + 3-1.12 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature - - - - - MuonAntiNeutrino - MuonAntiNeutrino + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 + + + + + AmountTemperatureUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit - - + + + + + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + MassDefect + MassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 + 10-21.2 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + + + + - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - CurieTemperature - CurieTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 - 12-35.1 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + EffectiveMass + EffectiveMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 + 12-30 + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - - - - - GreenDownQuark - GreenDownQuark + + + + + Number of donor levels per volume. + DonorDensity + DonorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 + 12-29.4 + Number of donor levels per volume. - + + + + + + + + + + + + SurfaceTension + 4-26 + SurfaceTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 + + + + - - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - TotalAngularMomentum - TotalAngularMomentum - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 - 10-11 - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + HartreeEnergy + HartreeEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree + 10-8 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - - + + + + - - T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - SexticLengthUnit - SexticLengthUnit + + + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + Array3D + 3DArray + Array3D + 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - + + + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + ScanningKelvinProbe + SKB + ScanningKelvinProbe + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + + + + - - - + + - - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - AcceptorDensity - AcceptorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 - 12-29.5 - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + File + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - - + + - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. - Command - Command - From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + DigitalData + BinaryData + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - - - - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Hazard - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + SystemResource + Resource + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - - - - + + + - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - RollingResistance - RollingDrag - RollingFrictionForce - RollingResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 - 4-9.5 - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + RestEnergy + RestEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 + 10-3 + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy - + + + + Real part of the impedance. + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 + 6-51.2 + Real part of the impedance. + + + + + + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + IntentionalAgent + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + + + + + + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + LinkedModelsSimulation + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + + + + - - + - The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - ThermalResistance - ThermalResistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 - 5-12 - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + Volume per amount of substance. + MolarVolume + MolarVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 + 9-5 + Volume per amount of substance. - - - - - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - Simulation - Modelling - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. + + + + + + + + + + + + Semiotics + Semiotics - - - - LeftHandedParticle - LeftHandedParticle + + + + + A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A numerical data value. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. + Number + Numeral + Number + A numerical data value. - - + + + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + TEM + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + + + + + + + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + BindingFraction + BindingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 + 10-23.2 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + + + + - InterferenceFitting - InterferenceFitting + Irradiate + Irradiate + + + + + + + GreenTopAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark - - - - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - Pressing - Anpressen - Pressing + + + + + T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + SexticLengthUnit + SexticLengthUnit - + + - + - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - MagneticMoment - MagneticAreaMoment - MagneticMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 - 6-23 - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + ElectricFlux + ElectricFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 + 6-17 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - - - - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Calorimetry - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + lasciano tensioni residue di compressione + CompressiveForming + Druckumformen + CompressiveForming - + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerMassUnit - AmountPerMassUnit + VolumePerMassUnit + VolumePerMassUnit - - - - - HardwareModel - HardwareModel + + + + + The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + EquilibriumConstant + EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis + EquilibriumConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - - - - - IsothermalCompressibility - IsothermalCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 - 5-5.1 + + + + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + WearTesting + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - + - T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - - - - - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - RelativePermeability - RelativePermeability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 - 6-27 - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 + + + + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + AdSV + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomQuark - BottomQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + + + + Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. + Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. + Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. + Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. + Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + + StrippingVoltammetry + StrippingVoltammetry + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - + + - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - MuonNeutrino - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino + GluonType3 + GluonType3 - - - + + - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - AtomicScatteringFactor - AtomicScatteringFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 - 12-5.3 - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + CentreOfMass + CentreOfMass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - - - - - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - EnergyImparted - EnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 - 10-80.1 - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - EffectiveMass - EffectiveMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 - 12-30 - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + + + + + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + OrdinaryMatter + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - - - - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - Planing - Hobeln - Planing + + + + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + CharacterisationExperiment + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - - - - + + + + - - + + - - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - BohrMagneton - BohrMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 - 10-9.2 - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - - - - - - - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - LondonPenetrationDepth - LondonPenetrationDepth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 - 12-38.1 - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + Experiment + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - + + - - + - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 - 6-9 - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + LinearEnergyTransfer + LinearEnergyTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 + 10-85 + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - - - + + + + + T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - RelativeVolumeStrain - BulkStrain - VolumeStrain - RelativeVolumeStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 - 4-17.4 - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - CausalCollapse - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + LinearIonization + LinearIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 + 10-58 + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - FundamentalInteraction - FundamentalInteraction - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + + + + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + Cleaning + Cleaning - - - - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - NaturalLaw - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + + + + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + QuantumData + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - - - - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaDensityUnit - AreaDensityUnit + + + + ElectroSinterForging + ElectroSinterForging - - - - imaginary part of the admittance - Susceptance - Susceptance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 - 6-52.3 - imaginary part of the admittance + + + + GluonType7 + GluonType7 - - + + + - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - - - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + Hyperon + Hyperon + A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. + This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - Muon - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + + + + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + Dilatometry + https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - - - - - The charge of an electron. - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 + + + + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + DataExchangeLanguage + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + JSON, YAML, XML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - AngularMomentumUnit - AngularMomentumUnit + + + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + SpecificVolume + MassicVolume + SpecificVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 + 4-3 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - + + - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - VacuumElectricPermittivity - PermittivityOfVacuum - VacuumElectricPermittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum - 6-14.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + Heat capacity at constant volume. + IsochoricHeatCapacity + HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume + IsochoricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 + 5-16.3 + Heat capacity at constant volume. - - - - - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - + + - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + DebyeAngluarRepetency + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 + 12-9.3 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - ApparentPower - ApparentPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 - 6-57 - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + + + + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CausalConvexSystem + CausalConvexSystem + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - + + + + C + C + + + + - - + - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - RichardsonConstant - RichardsonConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 - 12-26 - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + AreaDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - + + - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - PlanckConstant - PlanckConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + SpecificEnthalpy + SpecificEnthalpy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 + 5-21.3 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - - + + + - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - PowerUnit - PowerUnit - - - - - - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - EIS - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Impedimetry - Impedimetry - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + TemporalTiling + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - - - - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - ScanningKelvinProbe - SKB - ScanningKelvinProbe - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + + + + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + HardeningByRolling + VerfestigendurchWalzen + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - CompositePhysicalObject - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + + + + A function defined using functional notation. + A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). + MathematicalFunction + FunctionDefinition + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) - - - - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Fork - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - + + + + + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + ElementaryCharge + ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge + 10-5.1 + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + + + - - + - + - - - - ParticleConcentration - ParticleConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 - 9-9.1 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + FundamentalLatticeVector + FundamentalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 + 12-1.2 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - - - - Count per volume. - VolumetricNumberDensity - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + Boson + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson - + + + + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + ConventionalProperty + ConventionalProperty + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. + + + + + + A participant that is the driver of the process. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Agent + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + - + - + - Mean number of particles per volume. - ParticleNumberDensity - ParticleNumberDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 - 10-62.1 - Mean number of particles per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + ThermalTransmittance + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 + 5-10.1 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - - - - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - DigitalData - BinaryData - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + + + + + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + OsmoticPressure + OsmoticPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 + 9-28 + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 - + + + + GluonType1 + GluonType1 + + + + + + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + NonEncodedData + EnvironmentalData + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidGasSuspension + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water + + + + + + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + Rolling + Walzen + Rolling + + + - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - AmountFractionUnit - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthFractionUnit + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. - - - - Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this -is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). --- SI Brochure - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - FractionUnit - RatioUnit - FractionUnit - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + + + + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + LightAndRadiationQuantity + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Deduction - IndexSemiosis - Deduction + + + + + One minus the square of the coupling factor + LeakageFactor + LeakageFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 + 6-42.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor - - - - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - NumericalVariable - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + ScalarMeson + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - - - + + + + + + + + + + - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - LevelWidth - LevelWidth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 - 10-26 - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + ChemicalPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential + 9-17 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - - + + - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - MutualInductance - MutualInductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 - 6-41.2 - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SourceVoltage + SourceTension + SourceVoltage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 + 6-36 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - - - - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + + + + Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. + The difference in electric potential between two points. + Voltage + ElectricPotentialDifference + ElectricTension + Voltage + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage + 6-11.3 + The difference in electric potential between two points. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - - - - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - ReactiveMaterial - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + Muon + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon - - - - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - ChemicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) + CubicExpansionCoefficient + CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 + 5-3.2 + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - - - - - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - IterativeStep - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + + + + + + + + + + + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + ThermalExpansionCoefficient + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - - - - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - MaterialLaw - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + + + + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + LinearExpansionCoefficient + LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 + 5-3.1 + Relative change of length per change of temperature. - - - - Spacing - Spacing + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - Peening - ShotPeening - Verfestigungsstrahlen - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + + + + + + + + + + + + + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 + 10-39 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - + - T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PerLengthTimeUnit - PerLengthTimeUnit - - - - - - GravitySintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - Loose-powderSintering - PressurelessSintering - GravitySintering - - - - - - - - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - Hypothesis - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - - - - - - - Square root of the slowing down area. - SlowingDownLength - SlowingDownLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 - 10-73.1 - Square root of the slowing down area. + LengthTemperatureUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - Real part of the admittance. - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 - 6-52.2 - Real part of the admittance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeFermion + CompositeFermion + Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) - - - + + + - + - + - - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - ElementaryParticle - SingleParticleChain - ElementaryParticle - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + Fermion + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - - - - - - - - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedModel - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + + + + + + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + HeatFlowRate + HeatFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 + 5-7 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - Tau - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + + At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + AreicHeatFlowRate + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 + 5-8 + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 - - - - - - + + + + + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + PhysicsEquation + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + - - + + T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - VolumeFlowRate - VolumetricFlowRate - VolumeFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 - 4-31 - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate + SquarePressureTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit - - - + + + + HotDipGalvanizing + Hot-dipGalvanizing + HotDipGalvanizing + + + + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + Non la metterei + Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). + FreeForming + FreeForming + + + + + + - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - VacuumMagneticPermeability - PermeabilityOfVacuum - VacuumMagneticPermeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum - 6-26.1 + The abstract notion of angle. + AngularMeasure + AngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 + 3-5 + The abstract notion of angle. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - + - - + - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - Permeability - ElectromagneticPermeability - Permeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability - 6-26.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 + 6-9 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - - - - - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Emulsion - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. + + + + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + Computation + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. - ThermalConductivity - ThermalConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity - 5-9 - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + AtomicScatteringFactor + AtomicScatteringFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 + 12-5.3 + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + + + + + + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + MaterialsProcessing + ContinuumManufacturing + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + + + + + + CausallHairedSystem + CausallHairedSystem + + + + + + + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + PlanckConstant + PlanckConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - + + + + + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Participant + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + A student during an examination. + + + - - + - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - ScalarMagneticPotential - ScalarMagneticPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 - 6-37.1 - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ReciprocalDuration + InverseDuration + InverseTime + ReciprocalTime + ReciprocalDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 - - + + + - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - RefractiveIndex - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + GrandPartionFunction + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 + 9-35.3 - - - + + - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - RestMass - InvariantMass - ProperMass - RestMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity - 10-2 - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass - - - - - - - - HardwareManufacturer - HardwareManufacturer + Property of a solute in a solution. + StandardAbsoluteActivity + StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 + 9-26 + Property of a solute in a solution. - - - - BPMNDiagram - BPMNDiagram + + + + + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + AbsoluteActivity + AbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 + 9-18 + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 - - + + + + + + - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ForceAreaUnit - ForceAreaUnit + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + MagneticVectorPotential + MagneticVectorPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 + 6-32 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - - - - - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Behaviour - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - + - + - - + - Heat capacity divided by mass. - SpecificHeatCapacity - SpecificHeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity - 5-16.1 - Heat capacity divided by mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - - - - - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - SourceCode - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - - - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - ShellScript - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + MeanMassRange + MeanMassRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 + 10-57 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - - + + - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - CommandLanguage - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - Unix shell. -Batch programming languages. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - - - - - - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - IntentionalAgent - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - - - - - - - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - ReactionEnergy - ReactionEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 - 10-37.1 - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + Ruby + Ruby - + + - + - - - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - KinematicViscosity - KinematicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 - 4-25 - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - - - - - - ElectronAntiNeutrino - ElectronAntiNeutrino + + + + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 + 4-21.2 - + - + - + - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - Capacitance - ElectricCapacitance - Capacitance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance - 6-13 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 - - - - - - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Grinding - Grinding - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 + 4-21.1 - - - - - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - SubjectiveProperty - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 + 6-38 - - - - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. - -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. - -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. - -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - Subjective - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. + + + + UndefinedEdgeCutting + Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden + UndefinedEdgeCutting - - + + + - + - - + + + + + + + - - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - PhysicalParticle - Particle - PhysicalParticle - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + + StrangeQuark + StrangeQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark - - - - - - + + + + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + HiggsBoson + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + + + + + + ThermochemicalTreatment + ThermochemicalTreatment + + + + - - + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - + + - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 - 10-41 - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + EntropyPerAmountUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit - - - - PolymericMaterial - PolymericMaterial + + + + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + Welding + Schweißen + Welding - + + + + + RedBottomAntiQuark + RedBottomAntiQuark + + + - + - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 - 10-70 - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + MeanLinearRange + MeanLinearRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 + 10-56 + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 - - - - - T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + Imaginary part of the complex power. + ReactivePower + ReactivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 + 6-60 + Imaginary part of the complex power. - - - - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + + AntiMuon + AntiMuon + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiElectronType + AntiElectronType + + + + + + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Potentiometry + Potentiometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - MassFractionOfWater - MassFractionOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 - 5-31 - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + + + + Mathematical model used to process data. + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + PostProcessingModel + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - + - + - + - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - SurfaceMassDensity - AreicMass - SurfaceDensity - SurfaceMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 - 4-5 - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - - - GravityCasting - GravityCasting + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + Acceleration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration + 3-9.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - - - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - ArchetypeManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - PrimitiveForming - Urformen - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + + + + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - - - - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - SpecificationLanguage - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language + + + + + T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - - + + - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. - The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. - ChargeNumber - IonizationNumber - ChargeNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number - 10-5.2 - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + PeriodDuration + Period + PeriodDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 + 3-14 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 - - - - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - Dilatometry - https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + + + + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + LongRangeOrderParameter + LongRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 + 12-5.2 + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - - - + + + + + T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - RestEnergy - RestEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 - 10-3 - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - - + + + - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - CausalConvexSystem - CausalConvexSystem - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumeFractionUnit - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. - - - - - - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - CyclicChronopotentiometry - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - - - - - - - Service - IntangibleProduct - Service - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 + GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenCharmAntiQuark - - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - ModulusOfElasticity - YoungsModulus - ModulusOfElasticity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 - 4-19.1 - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 + FrequencyUnit + FrequencyUnit - - - - MetallicMaterial - MetallicMaterial + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + AreaPerAmountUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit - - - - - - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. - RelativeHumidity - RelativeHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 - 5-33 - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + + + + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + ProductionSystem + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - - - - - For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + + + + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + DTA + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - + @@ -17742,956 +17989,944 @@ So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a ph - + - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - ElectricFlux - ElectricFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 - 6-17 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagneticFieldStrength + MagnetizingFieldStrength + MagneticFieldStrength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 + 6-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - + + + + + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + WaveVector + WaveVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 + 3-21 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + + + + - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + EDS + EDX + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - - + + + + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Grinding + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + + + + - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + Screwing + Schrauben + Screwing - - - + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - AngularWaveNumber - AngularRepetency - AngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 - 12-9.1 - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit - - - - VaporDeposition - VaporDeposition + + + + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. - + + - FormingFromGas - FormingFromGas + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + Moulding + Gesenkformen + Moulding - - + + + - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - + - - - - - - + + + T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + - - - Coupled - Coupled + + + IlluminanceTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit - - - + + - Internal energy per amount of substance. - MolarInternalEnergy - MolarInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 - 9-6.1 - Internal energy per amount of substance. + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Strain + Strain + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain + 4-17.1 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + ElementaryParticle + SingleParticleChain + ElementaryParticle + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + + + + + + + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + FermiEnergy + FermiEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 + 12-27.1 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - EnergyPerAmountUnit - EnergyPerAmountUnit + + + + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + Graviton + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton - - - - - T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + DisplacementVector + DisplacementVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 + 12-7.3 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - + + - - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - DragCoefficient - DragFactor - DragCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 - 4-23.4 - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 + 10-70 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - - - - - T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - SquareTimeUnit - SquareTimeUnit + + + + + ResourceIdentifier + ResourceIdentifier - - - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - VolumePerTimeUnit - VolumePerTimeUnit + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + PressureFractionUnit + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + + + + CeramicMaterial + CeramicMaterial - - + + - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 - 10-13.8 - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + AreicElectricCharge + SurfaceChargeDensity + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 + 6-4 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidSolidSuspension - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + + + + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + TransformationLanguage + TransformationLanguage + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language + Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML - - + + + - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - Tool - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - - - - - - - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Participant - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - A student during an examination. + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + MaterialSynthesis + MaterialSynthesis + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - MagneticReluctance - Reluctance - MagneticReluctance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 - 6-39 - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + ThermoelectricVoltage + ThermoelectricVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 + 12-20 + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - - - - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - SamplePreparationParameter - SamplePreparationParameter - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + + + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 + 10-13.3 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - + + - + - + + - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - FundamentalLatticeVector - FundamentalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 - 12-1.2 - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + RelativePressureCoefficient + RelativePressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 + 5-3.3 - + - + - + - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - Acceleration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration - 3-9.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + PressureCoefficient + PressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 + 5-4 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - + - + - + - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - DoseEquivalent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent - 10-83.1 - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - - - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - Widening - Weiten - Widening + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 + 10-52 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - + + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - TensileForming - Zugdruckumformen - TensileForming + PlasticSintering + PlasticSintering - - - - GluonType3 - GluonType3 + + + + Suggestion of Rickard Armiento + CrystallineMaterial + CrystallineMaterial - - - - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + + + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + MassTemperatureUnit + MassTemperatureUnit - + + - + - + - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - SurfaceActivityDensity - SurfaceActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 - 10-30 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + Volume + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + 3-4 - - + + + - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - - - - - - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Adjustment + + + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + Manufacturer + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - Kinetic energy released per mass. - Kerma - Kerma - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 - 10-86.1 - Kinetic energy released per mass. + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. + ThermalConductivity + ThermalConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity + 5-9 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - - - - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - DimensionlessUnit - DimensionlessUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - Refractive index -Plane angle -Number of apples + + + + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + PseudovectorMeson + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson - - + + + - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + - - - - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - + + + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - - - - - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - - - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - - - - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Modeller - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - FlexuralForming - Biegeumformen - FlexuralForming +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. + +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. + Existent + true + Existent + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - - - - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - - Thermogravimetry - TGA - Thermogravimetry - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + + + A tessellation of temporal slices. + Sequence + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. - - - - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Chronocoulometry - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - - - - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - Inequality - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - - + + + + + - - T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - - - - - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 - 10-34 - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + AvogadroConstant + AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - - + + - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Conductometry - Conductometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - - + + + + + + + + + + - Heat capacity at constant pressure. - IsobaricHeatCapacity - HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure - IsobaricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 - 5-16.2 - Heat capacity at constant pressure. + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - - - - - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - ElectronNeutrino - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + PhysicalObject + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - + - T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MassAreaUnit - MassAreaUnit + + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - - - - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - StandaloneModelSimulation - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + + + + + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - - - - - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - ParticleEmissionRate - ParticleEmissionRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 - 10-36 - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + + + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + SourceCode + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 - 9-36.1 + + + + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + Software + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - - + + + + + + + + + + - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - DebyeWallerFactor - DebyeWallerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 - 12-8 - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + Power transferred per unit area. + Intensity + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - - - - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + + + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - - + + - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - Gluing - Kleben - Gluing + FormingFromPulp + FormingFromPulp - - - - Parameter used for the sample inspection process - - SampleInspectionParameter - SampleInspectionParameter - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + + + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + DerivedUnit + DerivedUnit + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + derived unit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM - - + + - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + + HardwareModel + HardwareModel - + - T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit - - - + + + + SystemUnit + SystemUnit + + + + + - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - PackingFraction - PackingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 - 10-23.1 - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + ActiveEnergy + ActiveEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 + 6-62 + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - + - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 - CapacitanceUnit - CapacitanceUnit - - - - - - - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - NonLeakageProbability - NonLeakageProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 - 10-77 - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - - - + + - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 - 9-29 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + SolidAngle + SolidAngle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + 3-6 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - VolumeUnit - VolumeUnit + + + + + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + EBSD + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - + + - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - ThreePointBendingTesting - ThreePointFlexuralTest - ThreePointBendingTesting - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + SEM + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - - - + + - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - CountingUnit - CountingUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM - 1 - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - Unit of atomic number -Unit of number of cellular -Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + OrdinalQuantity + OrdinalQuantity + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Hardness +Resilience + ordinal quantity - + + - - CouplingFactor - InductiveCouplingFactor - CouplingFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 - 6-42.1 - - - - - - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - UnitOne - Unitless - UnitOne - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 + 10-78.2 + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - Lepton - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton + + + + + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + PhaseDifference + DisplacementAngle + PhaseDifference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 + 6-48 + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - - - - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - - ACVoltammetry - ACV - ACVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + RollingResistance + RollingDrag + RollingFrictionForce + RollingResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 + 4-9.5 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - - - - - - - - - - + + + - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + RollingResistanceFactor + RollingResistanceFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 + 4-23.3 + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - AvogadroConstant - AvogadroConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + + + + + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Behaviour + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + + + + + + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + Guess + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - - - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricMobilityUnit - ElectricMobilityUnit + + + + Estimated + Estimated + The biography of a person that the author have not met. - - + + - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - Assembled - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Magnetizing + Magnetizing - + + + + SparkPlasmaSintering + SparkPlasmaSintering + + + + + + + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + MolarGasConstant + MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant + 9-37.1 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + + + + - + - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - ThermalExpansionCoefficient - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - - - - - - - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - Constituent - ObjectPart - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - A tire is a constituent of a car. - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaUnit - AreaUnit - - - - - - - Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - WorkFunction - ElectronWorkFunction - WorkFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 - 12-24.1 - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - - - - - - - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - CoefficientOfFriction - FrictionCoefficient - FrictionFactor - CoefficientOfFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 + SpecificGasConstant + SpecificGasConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94372268 + 5-26 - - - - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - LandeFactor - GFactorOfAtom - LandeFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 - 10-14.1 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + + + + + RedUpQuark + RedUpQuark @@ -18715,225 +18950,229 @@ It defines the base unit mole in the SI system.Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - - + + + - The energy of an object due to its motion. - KineticEnergy - KineticEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy - 4-28.2 - The energy of an object due to its motion. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + DebyeTemperature + DebyeTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 + 12-11 - - - - - - + + - - + + T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - File - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + + + + MassSquareTimeUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit - - - + + - - - - - - + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - SystemResource - Resource - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + + + + AreaPerTimeUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit + + + + + + PhotochemicalProcesses + PhotochemicalProcesses - - - - - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - Lethargy - Lethargy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 - 10-69 - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + + + + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + HardnessTesting + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - - - - IsothermalConversion - IsothermalConversion + + + + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - + + + + + + HardwareManufacturer + HardwareManufacturer + + + + + - - + - - RelativePressureCoefficient - RelativePressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 - 5-3.3 + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + ElectricConductivity + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 + 6-43 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - PressureCoefficient - PressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 - 5-4 - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + + + + + 1 + + + + A real number. + Real + Real + A real number. - - - - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - Dismantling - Demontage - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + ApplicationSpecificScript + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - + - - - T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - - - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + + + + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + Replica + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. + Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - - - - - BlueCharmQuark - BlueCharmQuark + + + + + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + RelaxationTime + RelaxationTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 + 12-32.1 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharmQuark - CharmQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + + + + SizeDefinedMaterial + SizeDefinedMaterial - + + - - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - HalfValueThickness - HalfValueThickness - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 - 10-53 - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + LevelWidth + LevelWidth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 + 10-26 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 - - - - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + SubjectiveProperty + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. - - + + + - - T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + 1 - - - - SquarePressureTimeUnit - SquarePressureTimeUnit - - - - - - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - PositionVector - PositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) - 3-1.10 - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + + + + + + 2 + + + + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Neutron + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - + @@ -18941,32 +19180,27 @@ It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - + - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - ThermalConductance - ThermalConductance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 - 5-13 - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 + ThermalDiffusivity + ThermalDiffusionCoefficient + ThermalDiffusivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 + 5-14 - - - - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - Path - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) -C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) + + + + + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. @@ -18977,271 +19211,352 @@ C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path)RedStrangeQuark - - - - - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. - SubObject - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. + + + + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + HybridMatter + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - + - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + + + + + - - - AmountConcentrationUnit - AmountConcentrationUnit + + + + CompositeBoson + CompositeBoson + Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state. - - - - - T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + + + + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + Signal + Signal + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - - + + + + + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + + + + + + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + SystemProgram + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + + + + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + QualityFactor + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 + 6-53 + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + + + + - TauAntiNeutrino - TauAntiNeutrino + BlueTopQuark + BlueTopQuark - - - - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - ClassicalData - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + Weight + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight + 4-9.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - + + + + + + + + + + + + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + MagneticTension + MagneticTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 + 6-37.2 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + + + - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - ElectricConductivityUnit - ElectricConductivityUnit + + AmountPerMassUnit + AmountPerMassUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + - Product of mass and velocity. - Momentum - Momentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Momentum - 4-8 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 + ThermalResistivityUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit - - - - GluonType7 - GluonType7 - + + + + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - - - - - RedDownAntiQuark - RedDownAntiQuark +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + PhaseOfMatter + Phase + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 - 10-60 - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - - - - - - - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - RotationalDisplacement - AngularDisplacement - RotationalDisplacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 - 3-6 - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + LengthPerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit - + - + - + - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - EnergyFluence - EnergyFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 - 10-46 - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + SurfaceMassDensity + AreicMass + SurfaceDensity + SurfaceMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 + 4-5 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - Flanging - Flanging + + + + + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. + MassConcentrationOfWater + MassConcentrationOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 + 5-27 + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - - + + + - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - Strain - Strain - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain - 4-17.1 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + LogarithmicDecrement + LogarithmicDecrement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 + 3-25 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeUnit - ElectricChargeUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - SolidAngularMeasure - SolidAngle - SolidAngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - 3-8 - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + + + + + + + + + + + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasSolution + GasMixture + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - - + + + + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. + Command + Command + From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + + + + + + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + TemporallyRedundant + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + + - PaperManufacturing - PaperManufacturing + ElectrolyticDeposition + ElectrolyticDeposition - - - - - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - ExchangeIntegral - ExchangeIntegral - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 - 12-34 - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + + + + + BlueBottomQuark + BlueBottomQuark - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - GluonType5 - GluonType5 + BlueQuark + BlueQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - ModulusOfRigidity - ShearModulus - ModulusOfRigidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 - 4-19.2 - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 + + + + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. + +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + BondedAtom + BondedAtom + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - + @@ -19253,240 +19568,154 @@ C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - Molality - AmountPerMass - Molality - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172623 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-19 - 9-15 - quotient of the amount of substance nB of solute B by the mass m of the solvent: bB = nB / m. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 - - - - - - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton - - - - - - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - LorenzNumberUnit - LorenzNumberUnit + Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + IonicStrength + IonicStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 + 9-42 + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - - - + + - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - ComptonWavelength - ComptonWavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 - 10-20 - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + Sum of electric current and displacement current + TotalCurrent + TotalCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 + 6-19.2 + Sum of electric current and displacement current - - - - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - Wavelength - Wavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength - 3-19 - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 + + + + + TauAntiNeutrino + TauAntiNeutrino - - - - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - CharacterisationProtocol - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiNeutrinoType + AntiNeutrinoType - - - - - - - - + + + + + - - + + - - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - Atom - ChemicalElement - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. - -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. - -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - - - - - - DefinedEdgeCutting - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden - DefinedEdgeCutting - - - - - - - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + DiffusionArea + DiffusionArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 + 10-72.2 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - FlameCutting - FlameCutting + + + + + + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + Solid + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - - - + + - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - IonTransportNumber - CurrentFraction - TransferrenceNumber - IonTransportNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 - 9-46 - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 - - - - - - - - Δ - - - - Laplacian - Laplacian - - - - - - - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - SubProcess - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - - - - - - HotDipGalvanizing - Hot-dipGalvanizing - HotDipGalvanizing + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SuperconductorEnergyGap + SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 + 12-37 + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - - - - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - CoatingManufacturing - DIN 8580:2020 - Beschichten - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + + + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + GapEnergy + BandgapEnergy + GapEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 + 12-27.2 + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Mass increment per time. + MassChangeRate + MassChangeRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 + 4-30.3 + Mass increment per time. + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureUnit - PerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - 3DPrinting - 3DPrinting - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + ElectricResistanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit @@ -19501,1397 +19730,1299 @@ A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. - - - - - T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - + + + - AmountConductivityUnit - AmountConductivityUnit + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Curvature + Curvature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature + 3-2 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. - - + + - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - - Probe - Probe - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. - In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. - In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) - In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). - In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Adjustment - - + + + - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - NuclidicMass - NuclidicMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 - 10-4.2 - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + ElectricSusceptibility + ElectricSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 + 6-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + - MagneticPotentialUnit - MagneticPotentialUnit + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + RecombinationCoefficient + RecombinationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 + 10-63 + Coefficient in the law of recombination, - + + + + + + + + + + + + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + Illuminance + Illuminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 + + + + + + + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeUnit + AreaTimeUnit - + - + - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - MigrationArea - MigrationArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 - 10-72.3 - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 + 10-65 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - - + + + + + + - - T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + MagneticFlux + MagneticFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux + 6-22.1 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - - - - KineticFrictionFactor - DynamicFrictionFactor - KineticFrictionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 - 4-23.2 + + + + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - + - + - + - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - HallCoefficient - HallCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 - 12-19 - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - - - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - ApplicationSpecificScript - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - - - - - - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - ScriptingLanguage - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - - - - - - - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - OsmoticPressure - OsmoticPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 - 9-28 - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 - - - - - - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ScalarMagneticPotential + ScalarMagneticPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 + 6-37.1 + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - - - - - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - GasLiquidSuspension - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. + + + + PlasticModeling + PlasticModeling - - - + + + - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - ElectronMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + CyclotronAngularFrequency + CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 + 10-16 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - - + + - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + CSV + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - DPV - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Numeral + Numeral - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - MercuryPorosimetry - MercuryPorosimetry - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - - - - - - - Porosimetry - Porosimetry - - - - - - ElectroSinterForging - ElectroSinterForging - - - - - - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - - - - - - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Homonuclear - ElementalMolecule - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + + PermeabilityUnit + PermeabilityUnit - - + + - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - RadiusOfCurvature - RadiusOfCurvature - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature - 3-1.12 - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + AcousticQuantity + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - SpeedUnit - SpeedUnit - - - - - - - IntermediateSample - IntermediateSample - - - - - - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - WearTesting - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - - - - - - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - GITT - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + PermittivityUnit + PermittivityUnit - - - - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Nexafs - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + + + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + StandardAbsoluteActivity + StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 + 9-23 + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - ElectronicModel - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. + + + + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + Porosity + Porosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - + + + + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. + Width + Breadth + Width + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 + 3-1.2 + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - EnergyAreaUnit - EnergyAreaUnit + + + MathematicalConstruct + MathematicalConstruct - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - Inverse of the reluctance. - Permeance - Permeance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 - 6-40 - Inverse of the reluctance. + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + AtomicMass + AtomicMass + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + 10-4.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - + - + - + - Volume per amount of substance. - MolarVolume - MolarVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 - 9-5 - Volume per amount of substance. + Mass per length. + LinearMassDensity + LinearDensity + LineicMass + LinearMassDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 + 4-6 + Mass per length. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Fluid - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, + + + + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + STM + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - - - UTF8 - UTF8 + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedFractionUnit + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - AreaTemperatureUnit - AreaTemperatureUnit + + + + + RedBottomQuark + RedBottomQuark - - + + + + + Positron + Positron + + + + + + + - - + + - - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - SpatialTiling - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Coercivity + Coercivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 + 6-31 + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - - - + + - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - VolumeFraction - VolumeFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction - 9-14 - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + MutualInductance + MutualInductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 + 6-41.2 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - + + + + + - - + + - - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - Array3D - 3DArray - Array3D - 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. + + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + ElectricInductance + Inductance + ElectricInductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 + 6-41.1 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + AreaDensityUnit + AreaDensityUnit + + + + + - DiffusivityUnit - DiffusivityUnit + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + PhaseCoefficient + PhaseChangeCoefficient + PhaseCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 + 3-26.2 + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant - - + + + + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ElectricCurrentUnit - ElectricCurrentUnit + Electric charge per volume. + ElectricChargeDensity + VolumeElectricCharge + ElectricChargeDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 + 6-3 + Electric charge per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 - - - - - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - InternalStep - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + + + + + RedDownQuark + RedDownQuark - - - - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - AtomProbeTomography - 3D Atom Probe - APT - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + + + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + GasSolidSuspension + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. - - + + + + + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + AmountFraction + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + + + + - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Tomography - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - + - T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - PowerAreaUnit - PowerAreaUnit - - - - - - TransferMolding - TransferMolding + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - - + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + VolumeFlowRate + VolumetricFlowRate + VolumeFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 + 4-31 + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate + + + + - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - CalibrationTask - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + DSC + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - + - + - + - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 - 6-5 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - - - - - - GluonType1 - GluonType1 - - - - - - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - - - - - - SparkPlasmaSintering - SparkPlasmaSintering - - - - - - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Hardening - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + MassFlow + MassFlow + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 + 4-30.1 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - + - + - + - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + NuclearMagneton + NuclearMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 + 10-9.3 + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 + -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - CelsiusTemperature - CelsiusTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature - 5-2 - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + + + + + MuonAntiNeutrino + MuonAntiNeutrino + + + + + + + ElementaryBoson + ElementaryBoson + -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + + + + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + CountingUnit + CountingUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM + 1 + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics - - - + + + + + T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - HalfLife - HalfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 - 10-31 - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit - - + + - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - RamanSpectroscopy - RamanSpectroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + RawSample + RawSample - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - MassFractionUnit - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. + + + + + GreenUpQuark + GreenUpQuark - - - + + + - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - PhaseCoefficient - PhaseChangeCoefficient - PhaseCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 - 3-26.2 - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + MaximumEfficiency + CarnotEfficiency + MaximumEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 + 5-25.2 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricConductanceUnit - ElectricConductanceUnit + + ElectricChargeUnit + ElectricChargeUnit - - - - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - Tempering - QuenchingAndTempering - Vergüten - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + + + + + + + + + + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + KinematicViscosity + KinematicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 + 4-25 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - + + + + + + - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + + + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + MolarConductivity + MolarConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 + 9-45 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 - - + + + + + + - - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - ReciprocalMassUnit - ReciprocalMassUnit + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 + 10-18 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - JavaScript - JavaScript + + + + A meson with spin two. + TensorMeson + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. - - - - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - DeepDrawing - Tiefziehen - DeepDrawing + + + + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + CharacterisedSample + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - - - - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - SpinQuantumNumber - SpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 - 10-13.5 - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + + + + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - - - - - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - LongRangeOrderParameter - LongRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 - 12-5.2 - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + + + + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + Factory + IndustrialPlant + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + + + + + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - = - - - - The equals symbol. - Equals - Equals - The equals symbol. + + + + + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GreenStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - AbsoluteHumidity - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - 5-28 - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + + + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + InternalStep + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - - - + + + - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - CarrierLifetime - CarrierLifetime - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 - 12-32.2 - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + Lethargy + Lethargy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 + 10-69 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - - + + + - Imaginary part of the complex power. - ReactivePower - ReactivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 - 6-60 - Imaginary part of the complex power. + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + RelativeLinearStrain + RelativeLinearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 + 4-17.2 + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 - - - + + - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - PowerFactor - PowerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 - 6-58 - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + DisplacementCurrent + DisplacementCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 + 6-19.1 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - - + + + + Broadcast + Broadcast + + + + - - - - - - + + - - A computer language used to describe simulations. - SimulationLanguage - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + MixedTiling + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - - - - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - - - - - + + - - + + T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - FineStructureConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - BlueDownQuark - BlueDownQuark - - - - - - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - Annealing - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + WBoson + ChargedWeakBoson + IntermediateVectorBoson + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - MergingManufacturing - AddingManufacturing - MergingManufacturing + + + + + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + SimulationApplication + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. - - + + + Parameter used for the sample preparation process - ResourceIdentifier - ResourceIdentifier - - - - - - - GreenCharmAntiQuark - GreenCharmAntiQuark + SamplePreparationParameter + SamplePreparationParameter + Parameter used for the sample preparation process - - - - - - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 - 5-17.1 - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + + + + + MaterialRelationComputation + MaterialRelationComputation - - - + + + - GreenUpAntiQuark - GreenUpAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark - - - - StaticFrictionCoefficient - CoefficientOfStaticFriction - StaticFrictionFactor - StaticFrictionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 - 4-23.1 + + + + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + CompressionTesting + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - - + + + + Folding + Folding + + + + - - + - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - BurgersVector - BurgersVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 - 12-6 - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + DissociationConstant + DissociationConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - + - T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - - - - - - - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - LogarithmicDecrement - LogarithmicDecrement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 - 3-25 - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - - - - - - - RedStrangeAntiQuark - RedStrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - OpticalMicroscopy - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - - - - - - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - AdditiveManufacturing - GenerativeManufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - - - + + - + - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - AbsorbedDoseRate - AbsorbedDoseRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 - 10-84 - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - - - - - - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - InternalEnergy - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy - 5.20-2 - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + ChemicalAffinity + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 + 9-30 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + + + + + RedUpAntiQuark + RedUpAntiQuark - - - - - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - ElementaryCharge - ElementaryCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge - 10-5.1 - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumeFractionUnit + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. - + - + - + - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - Action - Action - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 - 4-32 - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - - - - - - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 - 10-13.6 - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + Fugacity + Fugacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 + 9-20 + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - Wavenumber - Repetency - Wavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - 3-20 - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + 3DPrinting + 3DPrinting + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - - - - Broadcast - Broadcast + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + CalibrationTask + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - + - T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuarkType - UpAntiQuarkType + TimePerLengthUnit + TimePerLengthUnit - - - + + + + + T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Dissociation may occur stepwise. - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - DegreeOfDissociation - DissociationFraction - DegreeOfDissociation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 - 9-43 - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuark - UpAntiQuark + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - + + + - Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - - - - - - - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + RelativeMassDensity + RelativeDensity + RelativeMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 + 4-4 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 - - - - - RedCharmQuark - RedCharmQuark + + + + StandardEquilibriumConstant + ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant + StandardEquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 + 9-32 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - - + + - Calendering - Calendering + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + ShearCutting + Scherschneiden + ShearCutting - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - ShearForming - Schubumformen - ShearForming + + + + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist + PhysicalPhenomenon + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - - - - - T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 + 5-29 + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - - - - A participant that is the driver of the process. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - Agent - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + + + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 + 12-15.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - - - - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - QueryLanguage - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - SQL, SPARQL - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + + The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + MeanFreePath + MeanFreePath + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 + 9-38 + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 - - + + - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - RapidPrototyping - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - - - - - - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - ConfocalMicroscopy - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + PrecipitationHardening + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - - - - A software application to process characterisation data - CharacterisationSoftware - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. + + + + + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + SpecificationLanguage + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language @@ -20906,1083 +21037,1183 @@ An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it.Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - ThermalConductanceUnit - ThermalConductanceUnit + + + + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - + - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - PressureUnit - PressureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PermittivityUnit - PermittivityUnit + + + + + BlueDownQuark + BlueDownQuark - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - Mobility - Mobility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 - 10-61 - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - - - - - - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - PhysicalLaw - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + DewPointTemperature + DewPointTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 + 5-36 + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - - - - - IsentropicCompressibility - IsentropicCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 - 5-5.2 + + + + Python + Python - - - - - BlueUpAntiQuark - BlueUpAntiQuark + + + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - + + - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - ThermalUtilizationFactor - ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 - 10-76 - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 + 9-35.1 - - - - Electroplating - Electroplating + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + TimeUnit + TimeUnit - + + - - + - JouleThomsonCoefficient - JouleThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 - 5-24 - - - - - - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - PrincipalQuantumNumber - PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 - 10-13.2 - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - - - - - - - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - - - - - - - Inverse of the quality factor. - LossFactor - LossFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 - 6-54 - Inverse of the quality factor. + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + VolumicElectromagneticEnergy + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 + 6-33 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - - - - Internal energy per unit mass. - SpecificInternalEnergy - SpecificInternalEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 - 5-21.2 - Internal energy per unit mass. + + + + ChipboardManufacturing + ChipboardManufacturing - - - + + - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 - 12-2.1 - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - - - - - - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - Measurer - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - - - - - - Polynomial - Polynomial - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. + Solubility + Solubility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 - - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 + 9-27.3 - - - - - distance between successive lattice planes - LatticePlaneSpacing - LatticePlaneSpacing - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 - 12-3 - distance between successive lattice planes + + + + + BlueTopAntiQuark + BlueTopAntiQuark - - - - GrowingCrystal - GrowingCrystal + + + + + T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MassFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit - - - + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - MolarGibbsEnergy - MolarGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 - 9-6.4 - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - + - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - ElectricResistivityUnit - ElectricResistivityUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - - - - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - CalibrationData - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + MagnetomotiveForce + MagnetomotiveForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 + 6-37.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - - + + - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Milling - Milling - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + FE-SEM + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - + + + + + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 + 9-16 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + + + + + + + LatentHeat + LatentHeat + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 + 5-6.2 + + + + + + + IsentropicCompressibility + IsentropicCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 + 5-5.2 + + + + + + The imaginary part of the impedance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + ElectricReactance + Reactance + ElectricReactance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 + 6-51.3 + The imaginary part of the impedance. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 - 12-15.1 - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + MobilityRatio + MobilityRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 + 12-31 + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - - + + + - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - CurrentLinkage - CurrentLinkage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 - 6-37.4 - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + GibbsEnergy + GibbsFreeEnergy + GibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 + 5-20.5 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - - + + + + + - - T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - + - VolumePerMassUnit - VolumePerMassUnit + For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + SolubilityProduct + SolubilityProductConstant + SolubilityProduct + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - - - + + + - RedUpAntiQuark - RedUpAntiQuark + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + Electron + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron - - - - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - LightScattering - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaFractionUnit + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. - - + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + VolumeUnit + VolumeUnit + + + + - - + - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - LatticeVector - LatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 - 12-1.1 - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + Luminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - - - - - RedUpQuark - RedUpQuark + + + + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + JosephsonConstantUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit - - - - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - UserCase - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + + + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + Tau + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) - - - + + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - Bending - Bending + DrawForms + DrawForms - - - + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Number of donor levels per volume. - DonorDensity - DonorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 - 12-29.4 - Number of donor levels per volume. + EnergyUnit + EnergyUnit - - - - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - LinearExpansionCoefficient - LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 - 5-3.1 - Relative change of length per change of temperature. + + + + TransportationDevice + TransportationDevice - - - + + + + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - BraggAngle - BraggAngle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 - 12-4 - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - - - - - - WPositiveBoson - WPositiveBoson + VolumePerTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - WBoson - ChargedWeakBoson - IntermediateVectorBoson - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - - + + + - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + CharacterisationProperty + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - + + - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - - SampledDCPolarography - TASTPolarography - SampledDCPolarography - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Milling + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - - - - Painting - Painting + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + + + LuminousIntensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit - - + + + + + T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - JosephsonConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + AreaSquareTimeUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit - - - - - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - BeginStep - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + MagneticFluxUnit + MagneticFluxUnit - - - - - - BeginTile - BeginTile + + + + + Degenerency + Multiplicity + Degenerency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 + 9-36.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - - + + - + - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - DissociationConstant - DissociationConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + Vergence + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature - + - + - + - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 - 10-51 - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + ThermalResistance + ThermalResistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 + 5-12 + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - + + + + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + + + + + + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + TotalCurrentDensity + TotalCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 + 6-20 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + + + + + + LeftHandedParticle + LeftHandedParticle + + + + + + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + MarkupLanguage + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + HTML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + - + + + + + + + + - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - MeanLinearRange - MeanLinearRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 - 10-56 - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 + 10-50 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - - - - - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + + + + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + Photon + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon - - + + + + AmorphousMaterial + NonCrystallineMaterial + AmorphousMaterial + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + A boolean number. + Boolean + Boolean + A boolean number. + + + + + + + BlueUpQuark + BlueUpQuark + + + + - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - Nucleus - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + + + + + + A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + Parameter + Parameter + Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + + + + + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. + SubObject + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. + + + + + + ElectricCurrentPhasor + ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 + 6-49 + + + + + + + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 + 12-35.3 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + + + + + + + T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + + + + + + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + Tool + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + + + + + + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - - + + - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - LinearScanVoltammetry - LSV - LinearPolarization - LinearSweepVoltammetry - LinearScanVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + PrimaryData + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. - - - - - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - DragForce - DragForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 - 4-9.6 - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + + + + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - + - T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit - - - - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - Datum - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit - - - - - SerialStep - SerialStep + + + + + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + EnergyImparted + EnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 + 10-80.1 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - Cognition - IconSemiosis - Cognition + + + + AreaTemperatureUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit - - - + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + + + - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - NeutronYieldPerFission - NeutronYieldPerFission - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 - 10-74.1 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + SquareTemperatureUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit - - + + - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Polishing - Polishing - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WeakBoson - WeakBoson + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + FTIR + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - - - - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - HoleDensity - HoleDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 - 12-29.2 - Number of holes in valence band per volume. + + + + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + PseudoOCV + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - + + - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - SolidAngle - SolidAngle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - 3-6 - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + RotationalFrequency + RotationalFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 + 3-17.2 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - + + - - + - SpecificEntropy - SpecificEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 - 5-19 - + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - - - - - Rotation - Rotation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 - 3-16 +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + CelsiusTemperature + CelsiusTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature + 5-2 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. + +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 - - - - Gathering - Gathering + + + + + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + HoleDensity + HoleDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 + 12-29.2 + Number of holes in valence band per volume. - - - - - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PerPressureUnit - PerPressureUnit + + + + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + UltrasonicTesting + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - - + + - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - NonActivePower - NonActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 - 6-61 - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + StaticFrictionCoefficient + CoefficientOfStaticFriction + StaticFrictionFactor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 + 4-23.1 - - - - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - PhysicalPhenomena - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + + + + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + NuclearRadius + NuclearRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 + 10-19.1 + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - + - T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ForcePerLengthUnit - ForcePerLengthUnit - - - - - - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - VPO - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - - - - - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + EnergyAreaUnit + EnergyAreaUnit - + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit - - - - - - Cementing - Cementing - - - - - - - GreenTopQuark - GreenTopQuark + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - + - T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AreaSquareTimeUnit - AreaSquareTimeUnit + + MechanicalMobilityUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit - - - - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - BondedAtom - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + + + + + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. + MixingRatio + MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas + MixingRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 + 5-30 + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - - - - In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - MetrologicalUncertainty - A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. - MetrologicalUncertainty - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - - Standard deviation -- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + + + ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectronAntiNeutrino - - - - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - ElectricPolarization - ElectricPolarization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 - 6-7 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + + + Spacing + Spacing - - - - - GreenBottomQuark - GreenBottomQuark + + + + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + AtomisticModel + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - - + + + - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + Δ - - - - PerAreaUnit - PerAreaUnit + + + Laplacian + Laplacian - - + + - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - StepChronopotentiometry - StepChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaFractionUnit - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. - - - - - - - GreenStrangeQuark - GreenStrangeQuark + XrayPowderDiffraction + XRPD + XrayPowderDiffraction + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - - - - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - BET - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + Bending + Bending - - - - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + FlexuralForming + Biegeumformen + FlexuralForming - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiLepton + AntiLepton - - - - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + + + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + Shape4x3Matrix + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. - + - + - + - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - EnergyFluenceRate - EnergyFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 - 10-47 - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + MomentOfIntertia + MomentOfIntertia + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 + 4-7 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - - + + + + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + NumericalData + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + + + + + + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + PhysicallyNonInteracting + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + + + + + + + + + - - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - + - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + Permeability + ElectromagneticPermeability + Permeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability + 6-26.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - + - - + - - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - ThomsonCoefficient - ThomsonCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 - 12-23 - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + Perceived power of light. + LuminousFlux + LuminousFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux + 7-13 + Perceived power of light. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 + + + + + + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. + AssemblyLine + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. @@ -21998,2789 +22229,2440 @@ In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons.Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - - - - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + + + + ThermodynamicEfficiency + ThermalEfficiency + ThermodynamicEfficiency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 + 5-25.1 - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - ParticleFluence - ParticleFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 - 10-43 - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + ApparentPower + ApparentPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 + 6-57 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - - - - PlasticModeling - PlasticModeling + + + + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - - - - - - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - ComputerSystem - Computer - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - - - - - - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - - - - - - - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - LarmonFrequency - LarmonFrequency - 10-15.2 - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + Peening + ShotPeening + Verfestigungsstrahlen + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - - - - T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + + + + PaperManufacturing + PaperManufacturing - - - - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - AtomicForceMicroscopy - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + + + + + BeginTile + BeginTile - + + + + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + Datum + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + - T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - LengthTimePerMassUnit - LengthTimePerMassUnit + + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit - - - - - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Stage - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. + + + + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Join + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - + + + + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + + - TransportationDevice - TransportationDevice + Service + IntangibleProduct + Service + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 - - - - - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + + + + + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + BeginStep + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - + - T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - InversePermittivityUnit - InversePermittivityUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - - - + + + + DataProcessingApplication + DataProcessingApplication + + + + + + + + + + + + + - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - FermiTemperature - FermiTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 - 12-28 - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + EnergyFluenceRate + EnergyFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 + 10-47 + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - LengthPerTemperatureUnit + SquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + + + + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + PhysicalLaw + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. + + + + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + NaturalLaw + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + + + + + + + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 + 12-36.1 + -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - Existent - true - Existent - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + + + + + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 + 12-36.2 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - - - - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - FTIR - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + + + + + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 + 10-15.3 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - - RedDownQuark - RedDownQuark + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - - - - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricPotentialUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit - - - - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DrawForming - DrawForming + + + + + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 + 12-15.1 + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - + + + + + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ParticleEmissionRate + ParticleEmissionRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 + 10-36 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - Entropy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy - 5-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. + NumberOfElements + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - - + + + - - T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - - - InverseSquareMassUnit - InverseSquareMassUnit + + + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Nucleus + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - - + + + + UTF8 + UTF8 + + + + - - CharacterisationComponent - CharacterisationComponent + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + ConductometricTitration + ConductometricTitration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - StandardUnit - ReferenceMaterial - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + + + + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + MassFractionUnit + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. - - - + + - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 - 10-64 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + ComplexPower + ComplexApparentPower + ComplexPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 + 6-59 + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - - - - - T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + + + + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + URN + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - + + - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - Enthalpy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy - 5.20-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + WorkFunction + ElectronWorkFunction + WorkFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 + 12-24.1 + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - - - - - T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Homonuclear + ElementalMolecule + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + + + + - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + DampingCoefficient + DampingCoefficient + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 + 3-24 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - - - - - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - EndStep - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + OpenCircuitHold + OCVHold + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + + + + + + + MolarEnthalpy + MolarEnthalpy + Enthalpy per amount of substance. + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 + 9-6.2 - - - - Ruby - Ruby + + + + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - W = g μ M B - -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. - --- ISO 80000 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - MagneticDipoleMoment - MagneticDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - 10-9.1 - 6-30 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + BaseUnit + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + base unit - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - ParticleCurrentDensity - ParticleCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 - 10-48 - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + Uncoded + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + A random generated id for a product. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - The sample is mounted on a holder. - The sample is mounted on a holder. - Mounting - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. - - - - - - - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) - CubicExpansionCoefficient - CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 - 5-3.2 - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - - - - - - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + A computer language used to describe simulations. + SimulationLanguage + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit - - - - - ElectrolyticConductivity - ElectrolyticConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 - 9-44 + + + + PowderCoating + PowderCoating - - - - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + + + + RedTopQuark + RedTopQuark - - - + + + - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - SerialWorkflow - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + EndStep + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. - NumberOfElements - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + PerTimeMassUnit + PerTimeMassUnit - + + - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - Porosity - Porosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - - - - - - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + PowerFactor + PowerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 + 6-58 + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - - - - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - TotalCurrentDensity - TotalCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 - 6-20 - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + + + + Java + Java - + - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - AmountPerAreaUnit - AmountPerAreaUnit + + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - + + + + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + + - T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - ArithmeticEquation - ArithmeticEquation - 1 + 1 = 2 - - - - - - StandardEquilibriumConstant - ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant - StandardEquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 - 9-32 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - - - - - - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - - - - - - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - MassSpectrometry - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - - - - - - - - - - - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - IterativeWorkflow - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + ReciprocalMassUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit - - - + + + - + - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - LinearEnergyTransfer - LinearEnergyTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 - 10-85 - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - - - - - - - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 - 9-6.3 - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - DTA - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - - - - - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Exafs - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + LuminousIntensity + LuminousIntensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity + 7-14 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - - + + - Galvanizing - Galvanizing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + DeepFreezing + Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze + Tieftemperaturbehandeln + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - - + + + + + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 - 10-49 - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit - - - - - XrdGrazingIncidence - XrdGrazingIncidence + + + + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + PrincipalQuantumNumber + PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 + 10-13.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - - + + - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - TEM - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + HPPC + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - - + + - + - + - Mass increment per time. - MassChangeRate - MassChangeRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 - 4-30.3 - Mass increment per time. + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + BurgersVector + BurgersVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 + 12-6 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - - - - - - + + - - + + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - + + - Activity per unit volume of the sample. - ActivityDensity - ActivityConcentration - VolumetricActivity - VolumicActivity - ActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 - 10-29 - Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ThermalConductanceUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit + + + + + + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - - - - DieCasting - DieCasting + + + + MetallicMaterial + MetallicMaterial - - - + + - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - ElectronAffinity - ElectronAffinity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 - 12-25 - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - - - - - - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - CausalInteraction - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + SpinQuantumNumber + SpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 + 10-13.5 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedFractionUnit - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. + + + + Cementing + Cementing - + - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - TemperaturePerPressureUnit + + ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - PhysicallyInteracting - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + + + + AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator - - + + - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - HardnessTesting - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Chromatography + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography - - + + - + - + - Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - IonicStrength - IonicStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 - 9-42 - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - - - - - - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - MeasurementTime - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 + 10-4.3 + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 - + - T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - - - - - - - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - Cutting - Schneiden - Cutting + AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - - + + + - RichardsonConstantUnit - RichardsonConstantUnit - + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. - - - - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - ConductometricTitration - ConductometricTitration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - - - + + + - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - Activity - Activity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 - 10-27 - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MassFractionOfWater + MassFractionOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 + 5-31 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - SquareTemperatureUnit - SquareTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - SlowingDownDensity - SlowingDownDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 - 10-67 - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit - - - - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - ManufacturingDevice - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + + + + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + CyclicVoltammetry + CV + CyclicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + LinearChronopotentiometry + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - EntropyPerAmountUnit - EntropyPerAmountUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - + - + - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 - 9-16 - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + Partition function of a molecule. + MolecularPartitionFunction + MolecularPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 + 9-35.4 + Partition function of a molecule. - - - - - LatentHeat - LatentHeat - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 - 5-6.2 + + + + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + MassSpectrometry + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - - - - - - - - - - - - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - Replica - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. - Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). + + + + InspectionDevice + InspectionDevice - + - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - - - - - - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - OxidationNumber - OxidationState - OxidationNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - - - - - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Fractography - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - - - - - - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - CharacterisedSample - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - - - - - - - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - AmountFraction - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + PowerAreaUnit + PowerAreaUnit - - + + - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - - Viscometry - Viscosity - Viscometry - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + BPMNDiagram + BPMNDiagram - + - - + + T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - + - An integer number. - Integer - Integer - An integer number. + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit - - - + + - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - MobilityRatio - MobilityRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 - 12-31 - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + Enthalpy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy + 5.20-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - - - + + - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - MultiplicationFactor - MultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 - 10-78.1 - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 + 5-21.4 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - - - - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - CausalExpansion - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + + + + + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + + + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - - - - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + + + + + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Status + State + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DragForce + DragForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 + 4-9.6 + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + + + + - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - PhysicsOfInteraction - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + SampleInspectionParameter + SampleInspectionParameter + Parameter used for the sample inspection process - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerEnergyUnit - PerEnergyUnit - - - - - - - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - CharacterisationProperty - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - - - - - A real vector with 3 elements. - Shape3Vector - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. - - - - - - - - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - Guess - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - - - - - - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - CoulometricTitration - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit - - - - - + + - - + + T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - PoyntingVector - PoyntingVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 - 6-34 - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - - - - - - MetallicPowderSintering - MetallicPowderSintering + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - Riveting - Riveting + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + SpeedUnit + SpeedUnit - - - - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - ShearCutting - Scherschneiden - ShearCutting - + + + + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - LogarithmicUnit - LogarithmicUnit - http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Decibel - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units - +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + Crystal + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. - Diameter - Diameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter - 3-1.5 - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - - - - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - MassDefect - MassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 - 10-21.2 - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicNumber - AtomicNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - 10-1.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - + + - + - + - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." - --- SI Brochure - The number of elementary entities present. - AmountOfSubstance - AmountOfSubstance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance - 9-2 - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidGasSuspension - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + ElectronDensity + ElectronDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 + 12-29.1 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - Manufacturer - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + + + + + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + NucleonNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number + 10-1.3 + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 - - - - + + - - + + T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - Matrix - 2DArray - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + + + + QuarticLengthUnit + QuarticLengthUnit - - - - Property of a solute in a solution. - StandardAbsoluteActivity - StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 - 9-26 - Property of a solute in a solution. + + + + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + Organisation + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - - + + + + + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - DebyeAngluarRepetency - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 - 12-9.3 - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - + + - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - SIMS - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + DataNormalisation + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - - - - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - DataExchangeLanguage - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - JSON, YAML, XML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages + + + + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + DataPreparation + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - - - - - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + + + PolymericMaterial + PolymericMaterial - + + + + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + + + + + + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + CoulometricTitration + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + + + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerAmountUnit - VolumePerAmountUnit - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidSolidSuspension - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. - - - - - - PlasmaCutting - PlasmaCutting + SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit - + - - + - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - ParticleSourceDensity - ParticleSourceDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 - 10-66 - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + AngularAcceleration + AngularAcceleration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration + 3-13 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration - - - - - T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - MassPerTimeUnit - MassPerTimeUnit + ElectrolyticConductivity + ElectrolyticConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 + 9-44 - - - - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - Assigner - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. + + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + StepChronopotentiometry + StepChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - DataAnalysis - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + + + + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + ComptonWavelength + ComptonWavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 + 10-20 + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength - - - + + - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - QualityFactor - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 - 6-53 - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + NuclearGFactor + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 + 10-14.2 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + + + + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + MaterialRelation + MaterialRelation + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian. - + - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + CapacitanceUnit + CapacitanceUnit - - - - - AntiTau - AntiTau + + + + + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - - - + + + - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - PhysicsEquation - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrödinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + Simulation + Modelling + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. - - - - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - Weight - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight - 4-9.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + + + + + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + SolidFoam + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel - - - + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - PhaseDifference - DisplacementAngle - PhaseDifference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 - 6-48 - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - - - - - - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - LowPressureCasting - LowPressureCasting + + + + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Amperometry + Amperometry + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - + - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - SlowingDownArea - SlowingDownArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 - 10-72.1 - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + TotalAngularMomentum + TotalAngularMomentum + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 + 10-11 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - - - + + + + + T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - RybergConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - AcousticQuantity - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + + + + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - - - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + + + + + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Emulsion + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. - + + + + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + + - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + LorenzNumberUnit + LorenzNumberUnit - - - - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Holder - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + + + + CompositeMaterial + CompositeMaterial - + + + + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + + - + - + - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - DynamicViscosity - Viscosity - DynamicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 - 4-24 - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 - - - - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - Non la metterei - Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). - FreeForming - FreeForming - - - - - - - ElementaryFermion - ElementaryFermion + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + PeltierCoefficient + PeltierCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 + 12-22 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - - - - - - - - - - - - - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - StrictFundamental - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - + + + + + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + + + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit - - + + + + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + SpecificGibbsEnergy + SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 + 5-21.5 + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + + + + - CeramicSintering - CeramicSintering + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + Hardening + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - + - T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - + + + + ModulusOfImpedance + ModulusOfImpedance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 + 6-51.4 + + + + - + - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - AngularVelocity - AngularVelocity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - 3-12 - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + ParticleFluenceRate + ParticleFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 + 10-44 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - - + + - MicrowaveSintering - MicrowaveSintering + TransferMolding + TransferMolding - - - + + - - * + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - Multiplication - Multiplication - - - - - - FiberboardManufacturing - FiberboardManufacturing - - - - - - - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - ThermoelectricVoltage - ThermoelectricVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 - 12-20 - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - - - - - + + - DebyeTemperature - DebyeTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 - 12-11 - - - - - - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - Profilometry - Profilometry - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + ThermalConductivityUnit + ThermalConductivityUnit - - - - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - Namer - Namer - An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. + + + + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + SpatiallyRedundant + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - + - WNegativeBoson - WNegativeBoson - - - - - - - T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + WPositiveBoson + WPositiveBoson - - - - - CanonicalPartitionFunction - CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 - 9-35.2 + + + + MicrowaveSintering + MicrowaveSintering - - + + - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - IonMobilitySpectrometry - IMS - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - + - T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + + + + + - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + CurieTemperature + CurieTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 + 12-35.1 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - - + + + - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - StandardAbsoluteActivity - StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 - 9-23 - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + Kinetic energy released per mass. + Kerma + Kerma + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 + 10-86.1 + Kinetic energy released per mass. - - + + - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - GammaSpectrometry - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Holder + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - - - - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - ElectricSusceptibility - ElectricSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 - 6-16 - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility + + + + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + Soldering + Löten + Soldering - - + + + + + + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + Hypothesis + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + + + + - LiquidPhaseSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - LiquidPhaseSintering + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + Annealing + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - - - - - GreenBottomAntiQuark - GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + + + CatalyticActivityUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit - - - - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + + + + FORTRAN + FORTRAN - + + - + + - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - Stress - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress - 4-15 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + ThomsonCoefficient + ThomsonCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 + 12-23 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - + + + + Filling + Filling + + + + + + + AntiTau + AntiTau + + + - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTimeMassUnit - PerTimeMassUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - - + + + + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + ManufacturingDevice + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + + + + - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 - 5-10.2 - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + NuclidicMass + NuclidicMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 + 10-4.2 + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 - - - - - T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - + + - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + MagneticPolarisation + MagneticPolarisation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 + 6-29 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AreaPerTimeUnit - AreaPerTimeUnit - - - - - - - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - ResidualResistivity - ResidualResistivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 - 12-17 - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - - - - - - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - DSC - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - - - - - - - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ArithmeticExpression - ArithmeticExpression - 2+2 + + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 - 10-15.3 - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + + + + Punctuation + Punctuation - - - - CentrifugalCasting - CentrifugalCasting + + + + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + NormalPulseVoltammetry + NPV + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - SquareTimePerMassUnit - SquareTimePerMassUnit + AmountConductivityUnit + AmountConductivityUnit - - - - - - + + - - + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - + + - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - Fugacity - Fugacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 - 9-20 - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 - - - - - - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. - AssemblyLine - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + LuminanceUnit + LuminanceUnit - + - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - JosephsonConstantUnit - JosephsonConstantUnit + + AreicSpeedUnit + AreicSpeedUnit - - - - - - + - - - - Plus - Plus + + + + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DrawForming + DrawForming - - + + + - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - PhysicallyNonInteracting - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + RedDownAntiQuark + RedDownAntiQuark - - - - - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 - 6-35.1 - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + + + + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Dielectrometry + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - + - + - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 - 10-40 - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + ElectricDipoleMoment + ElectricDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + 6-6 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - + + + + + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + MigrationArea + MigrationArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 + 10-72.3 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + + + - T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthMassUnit - LengthMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - - - - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - Nailing - Nageln - Nailing + + + + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + PhaseVelocity + PhaseSpeed + PhaseVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity + 3-23.1 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + + + + + + + + ∇ + + + + Gradient + Gradient + + + + + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + + + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + + + + + + + Dissociation may occur stepwise. + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + DegreeOfDissociation + DissociationFraction + DegreeOfDissociation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 + 9-43 + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 + + + + + + + XrdGrazingIncidence + XrdGrazingIncidence + + + + + + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + IonMobilitySpectrometry + IMS + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - + + + + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Calorimetry + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - - - - - Arctan of the loss factor - LossAngle - LossAngle - https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 - 6-55 - Arctan of the loss factor + + + + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + ICI + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - - - - - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 - 12-13 + + + + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + + ProcessingReproducibility + ProcessingReproducibility + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthFractionUnit - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. + + + + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + FibDic + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - - - - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - QualityFactor - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 - 10-82 - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + + + + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + Chronoamperometry + AmperiometricDetection + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - - - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + + + + BlowMolding + BlowMolding - - - - - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 - 6-38 + + + + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - - - - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - FormingBlasting - Umformstrahlen - FormingBlasting + + + + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Fork + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AreaPerAmountUnit - AreaPerAmountUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - - - - - RawSample - RawSample + + + + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + DeepDrawing + Tiefziehen + DeepDrawing - - - - - - - - - - + + + - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - ChemicalAffinity - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 - 9-30 - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + ResonanceEnergy + ResonanceEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 + 10-37.2 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - + + + + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Polishing + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + + + + + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + IonChromatography + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MomentumUnit - MomentumUnit + + MassPerLengthUnit + MassPerLengthUnit - - - - CompositeMaterial - CompositeMaterial + + + + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - - - - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - MarkupLanguage - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - HTML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 + 5-10.2 + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + + + + + + + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark - - - - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - NumericalData - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + + + + + + - + + + + Minus + Minus - + - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - ShortRangeOrderParameter - ShortRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 - 12-5.1 - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + InversePermittivityUnit + InversePermittivityUnit - + - T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - QuarticLengthUnit - QuarticLengthUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - Coercivity - Coercivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 - 6-31 - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit - - - - HardeningByDrawing - HardeningByDrawing + + + + GluonType6 + GluonType6 - - + + - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 - 5-21.4 - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + LandeFactor + GFactorOfAtom + LandeFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 + 10-14.1 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - - + + + - MultiParticlePath - MultiParticlePath + GreenUpAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark - - - - - RedTopAntiQuark - RedTopAntiQuark + + + + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 + 10-13.6 + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - - + + + - Real part of the impedance. - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 - 6-51.2 - Real part of the impedance. + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 + 5-17.1 + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - - - - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + + + + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Chronocoulometry + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Heteronuclear - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + + + + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + NaturalProcess + NonIntentionalProcess + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - - - - - - - - - - - + + - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - EquilibriumPositionVector - EquilibriumPositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 - 12-7.2 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + Internal energy per unit mass. + SpecificInternalEnergy + SpecificInternalEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 + 5-21.2 + Internal energy per unit mass. - - - - - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - + + + - DensityUnit - DensityUnit + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + VacuumMagneticPermeability + PermeabilityOfVacuum + VacuumMagneticPermeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum + 6-26.1 - - - - MesoscopicSubstance - MesoscopicSubstance + + + + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + Inequality + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 + + + + + + + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + PartialPressure + PartialPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 + 9-19 + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 + + + + + + + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + LarmonAngularFrequency + LarmonAngularFrequency + 10-15.1 + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - ResonanceEscapeProbability - ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 - 10-68 - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + + + + Describes the level of automation of the test. + LevelOfAutomation + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - - - - - - ModulusOfAdmittance - ModulusOfAdmittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 - 6-52.4 - - - - - - Presses - Presses - - - - - - The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - DewPointTemperature - DewPointTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 - 5-36 - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - + - BlowMolding - BlowMolding + Molds + Molds - - + + - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - CharacterisationDataValidation - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - - - - - - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 - 5-16.4 - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + NSE + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. @@ -24796,888 +24678,1013 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - - - - InspectionDevice - InspectionDevice + + + + Exponent + Exponent - + + + + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + + + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + + + - T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - - AreaPerMassUnit - AreaPerMassUnit + + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - - - - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - PressureFractionUnit - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + + + + + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - + + + + + + / + + + + Division + Division + + + + + + + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + + + + + + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + OpticalMicroscopy + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + + + + - - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 - 10-78.2 - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + Gyroradius + LarmorRadius + Gyroradius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 + 10-17 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - - + + - Irradiate - Irradiate + VaporDeposition + VaporDeposition - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ActivityDensity + ActivityConcentration + VolumetricActivity + VolumicActivity + ActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 + 10-29 + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + + + + - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - MaterialSynthesis - MaterialSynthesis - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + HardeningByForging + HardeningByForging + + + + + + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + DisplacementCurrentDensity + DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 + 6-18 + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - - + + - ProductionEngineering - ProductionEngineering + SandMolds + SandMolds - - + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricFluxUnit + + + + - DippingForms - DippingForms + FlameCutting + FlameCutting - - - - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - ScalarMeson - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson + + + + + RedCharmAntiQuark + RedCharmAntiQuark - - - - A construction language used to write configuration files. - ConfigurationLanguage - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - .ini files - Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages + + + + LaserCutting + LaserCutting - + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PressurePerTimeUnit - PressurePerTimeUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - + + + + + + + + + + + + + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Action + Action + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 + 4-32 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + + + + + + + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 + 12-13 + + + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - LengthTemperatureUnit - LengthTemperatureUnit + + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - + - T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit - + + + + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + + + + + + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + DragCoefficient + DragFactor + DragCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 + 4-23.4 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + + + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + ForceAreaUnit + ForceAreaUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - KnownConstant - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 + + + + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - IonChromatography - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + + + Inverse of the quality factor. + LossFactor + LossFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 + 6-54 + Inverse of the quality factor. - - + + - Folding - Folding + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - - + + - LaserCutting - LaserCutting + LowPressureCasting + LowPressureCasting - - - - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - ZBoson - NeutralWeakBoson - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + DippingForms + DippingForms + + + + + + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + Assigner + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. + + + + + + FiberboardManufacturing + FiberboardManufacturing + + + + + + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + TensileTesting + TensionTest + TensileTesting + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - - - - Degenerency - Multiplicity - Degenerency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 - 9-36.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 + + + + + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + SpecialUnit + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m - - + + - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - BoltzmannConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - - - PowderCoating - PowderCoating + + + + + RedTopAntiQuark + RedTopAntiQuark - - - - Punctuation - Punctuation + + + + + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 + 10-64 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - - - - - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - GrandPartionFunction - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 - 9-35.3 + + + + + ElementaryFermion + ElementaryFermion - + - T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - - - - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - EDS - EDX - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + + + Polynomial + Polynomial + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - - + + - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - NuclearMagneticResonance - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - NMR - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - - - - - - MolarEnthalpy - MolarEnthalpy - Enthalpy per amount of substance. - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 - 9-6.2 - - - - - - - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - Gyroradius - LarmorRadius - Gyroradius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 - 10-17 - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + UserCase + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - - - - - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - CoherenceLength - CoherenceLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 - 12-38.2 - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + + + + IsothermalConversion + IsothermalConversion - - - - - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 - 5-29 - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + + + + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + StandaloneModelSimulation + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - + - T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MechanicalMobilityUnit - MechanicalMobilityUnit + + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - HPPC - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - HPPC - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + + + + Foaming + Foaming - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression + 2+2 + + + + + + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + LinkedFlux + LinkedFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 + 6-22.2 + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + + - ContinuousCasting - ContinuousCasting + Riveting + Riveting + + + + + + CSharp + C# + CSharp - - - - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - CompressionTesting - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + + + + + T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - + - T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - CapacitancePerLengthUnit + LengthMassUnit + LengthMassUnit - - - + + - - ∇ + + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Gradient - Gradient + + + + AccelerationUnit + AccelerationUnit - + - - InjectionMolding - InjectionMolding + Galvanizing + Galvanizing - - - - - BlueBottomQuark - BlueBottomQuark + + + + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T-1 L-4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - PrimaryData - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - + - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Python - Python - - - - - - CSharp - C# - CSharp + PerLengthTimeUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - EnergyUnit - EnergyUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - FORTRAN - FORTRAN + + + + + SerialStep + SerialStep - - - - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - StyleSheetLanguage - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - CSS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + + + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + IMC + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - + + - ThermalSprayingForming - ThermalSprayingForming + InterferenceFitting + InterferenceFitting - + + + + CentrifugalCasting + CentrifugalCasting + + + - T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit - - - - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - QuantumAnnihilation - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + + + + ContinuousCasting + ContinuousCasting - + + + + Real part of the admittance. + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 + 6-52.2 + Real part of the admittance. + + + + + + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MaterialLaw + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + + + - T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - - - - - - - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - - - - - - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - - - - - - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - OpenCircuitHold - OCVHold - OpenCircuitHold - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - - - - - - Letter - Letter + + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - - - + + - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - ElectronRadius - ElectronRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 - 10-19.2 - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - LengthTimeCurrentUnit + + + + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + CommercialProduct + Product + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. - - + + - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - ICI - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - ICI - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Unknown - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Assembled + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - - - - - - - BlueUpQuark - BlueUpQuark + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - - + + - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + GITT + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - - - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - QuantumDecay - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + DataFiltering + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - - + + - Exponent - Exponent + A real vector with 3 elements. + Shape3Vector + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. - - - - MaterialRelationComputation - MaterialRelationComputation + + + + + + * + + + + Multiplication + Multiplication - - - - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - TemporallyRedundant - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - + + + + DropForging + DropForging + + + - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit - + + + + ThermalSprayingForming + ThermalSprayingForming + + + - T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - TimePerVolumeUnit - TimePerVolumeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + + ShearOrTorsionTesting + ShearOrTorsionTesting - - - + + + + + T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - LarmonAngularFrequency - LarmonAngularFrequency - 10-15.1 - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit - - - - - Extrusion - Extrusion + + + + WNegativeBoson + WNegativeBoson - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A boolean number. - Boolean - Boolean - A boolean number. + + + + + SampleInspectionInstrument + SampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + + Gathering + Gathering - - - - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - Shape4x3Matrix - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + + PhysicalyUnbonded + PhysicalyUnbonded - - - - C - C + + + + Painting + Painting - - - - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - + + + + + BlueCharmQuark + BlueCharmQuark + + + + + + Assigned + Assigned + + + + + - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - TemperaturePerLengthUnit + Internal energy per amount of substance. + MolarInternalEnergy + MolarInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 + 9-6.1 + Internal energy per amount of substance. - + - T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - MagneticReluctanceUnit - MagneticReluctanceUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - - + + - PlasticSintering - PlasticSintering + HandlingDevice + HandlingDevice - - - - - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - MassTemperatureUnit - MassTemperatureUnit + + + + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. @@ -25689,20 +25696,6 @@ It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system.Daniele Toti - - - - - - - - - The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. - universe - universe - The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. - - @@ -25721,6 +25714,20 @@ It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system.Pierluigi Del Nostro + + + + + + + + + The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. + universe + universe + The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique. + + @@ -25739,20 +25746,16 @@ It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - - - - 2 - + 1 - 4 + 1 @@ -25764,11 +25767,7 @@ It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - 1 - - - - 1 + 3 @@ -25779,10 +25778,6 @@ It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system.1 - - 1 - - 1 @@ -25792,7 +25787,7 @@ It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - 3 + 1 @@ -25805,392 +25800,227 @@ It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Boson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - - - - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - - - - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - - - - - Icon - From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). - - - - - - Cogniser - From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - - - - - TangibleProduct - From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Implementation of equality based on mereology. - + + 4 + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. - + + 2 + + + + 1 + - + - Assemblying - From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + Whole + From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). - - - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 + + + Factory + From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). - - - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + + + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 - - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol + + Icon + From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). - - - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + + + Computation + From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). - + - Product - From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. + Holistic + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). - - - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + + + Estimation + From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). - - - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html + + + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + http://www.linfo.org/program.html - + - Observation - From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), - - - - - - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 + Data + From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - - - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + + + Boson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - + - PhysicalObject - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + FunctionalIcon + From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). - - - - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + + + Matter + From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). - - - Particle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 - + - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - - - - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + Model + From Latin modus (“measure”). - - - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + + + + + + + + + + + All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. - + - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + DIN EN 13831:2007-12 - - - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ + + + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - - - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html + + + Software + From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. - - - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; + + + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + ISO 4885:2018-02 - + - Wholistic - From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. + CausalObject + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - DIN 8584-1:2003-09 + + + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - - - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + + + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - + - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - DIN 8593-0:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + DIN 8586:2003-09 - + - Machine - From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. + Simulacrum + From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") - - - Fundamental - From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - DIN EN 13956:2013-03 + + + CausalSystem + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). @@ -26232,32 +26062,96 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c Transitivity for proper parthood. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + + - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + Artifact + From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - + - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + + + + + + CausalChain + From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + + + + + + Quantum + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + + + + + + Observation + From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + + + + + + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + DIN 8589-0:2003-09 + + + + + + PhysicalObject + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology - + - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - DIN 8593-3:2003-09 + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 @@ -26276,7 +26170,7 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c - + @@ -26284,74 +26178,102 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c - Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. - - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - DIN 8587:2003-09 - - - - - - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - - - - - - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - DIN 8589-2:2003-09 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. + - - - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - - - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + + + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 - - - - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - DIN 8588:2013-08 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing parthood reflexivity. + - - - Model - From Latin modus (“measure”). + + + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - - - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 + + + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - - + + - + + @@ -26361,149 +26283,177 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or - + - Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + CausalParticle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - + - Whole - From Middle English hole (“healthy, unhurt, whole”). + Role + From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + + + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - - - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Verfestigen durch Umformen + DIN 8580:2022-12 - - - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + + + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en - - - Simulacrum - From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + + Crystal + From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + + + + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + EN 10028-1:2017-07 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 - - - Verfestigen durch Umformen - DIN 8580:2022-12 + + + Assemblying + From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. - + - CausalParticle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + IntentionalProcess + From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") - - - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en + + + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - - - IntentionalProcess - From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") + + + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - + - Manufacturing - From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). + Existent + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - - - Quantum - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + + + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + DIN 55405:2014-12 - - - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 + + + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DIN 8584-2:2003-09 - + - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + DIN 8586:2003-09 - + + + CausalPath + From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). + + + + - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - EN 10028-1:2017-07 + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. - - - Crystal - From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 - + - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - DIN 8589-3:2003-09 + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + + + + + + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + DIN 8580:2022-12 + + + + + + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -26514,24 +26464,57 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or - - - ResemblanceIcon - From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + + + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - + + + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + - Procedure - From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + EMMO + EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - - - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + + + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal + + + + + + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + + + + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics + + + + + + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 @@ -26542,109 +26525,116 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or - - - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. + + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + + + + + + Engineered + From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). - - - EMMO - EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. + + + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - - - Role - From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. + + + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. - + - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - - - Computation - From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). + + + Equipment + From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. - - - Matter - From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). + + + Elementary + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - DIN 8588:2013-08 + + + Cogniser + From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - DIN 55405:2014-12 + + + TangibleProduct + From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - - - Estimation - From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). + + + Lifetime + From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. - - - isCauseOf - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + + + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html - + - Item - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + Variable + Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - - - Elementary - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + mereological + Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - + - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DIN 8584-2:2003-09 + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + DIN EN 13956:2013-03 - - - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - - - Existent - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + + + Dedomena + From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) @@ -26652,137 +26642,158 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi - + - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + - Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. - + - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - DIN 65099-4:1989-11 + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + http://www.linfo.org/program.html - + - CausalStructure - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + Product + From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. - - - measurand - VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - + - Collection - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - - - - - - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - - - - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + Tool + Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. - - - - Artifact - From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. + + + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 - - - Device - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - - - Symbolic - From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). + + + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation - + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - DIN 8586:2003-09 - - - - - - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - http://www.linfo.org/program.html + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology - - - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - FundamentalBoson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - + - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + + + + + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; @@ -26812,52 +26823,89 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi - - - Tool - Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + + + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + DIN 8588:2013-08 - - - CausalSystem - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - + - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + DIN 65099-4:1989-11 - - - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 + + + Particle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - + + + Object that is processed with a machine + DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 + + + + - ManufacturedProduct - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + Perspective + From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. - + + + Collection + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + + + + + + Fundamental + From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). + + + + + + Language + From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + + + + + + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 + + + + - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) - - - Equipment - From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + + + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org @@ -26868,25 +26916,74 @@ Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representi - + + + Part + From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. + + + + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + + - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + + + + + + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + + + + + + isCauseOf + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + + + + + + Procedure + From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + + + + + + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + + + + + + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - Object that is processed with a machine - DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece - - - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - DIN 8589-0:2003-09 + + + Index + From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). @@ -26894,7 +26991,7 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - + @@ -26902,10 +26999,11 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - - - - + + + + + @@ -26915,132 +27013,106 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - - + - + + Implementation of equality based on mereology. - - - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - DIN 8586:2003-09 - - - - - - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece - - - - - - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - - - - - - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - - - - + - isPredecessorOf - From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - - - - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - DIN 8580:2022-12 - - - - - - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 + Device + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - + - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 - + - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - + - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - Data - From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). + + + measurand + VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. - - - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 + + + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - - - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + + + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - + - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + DIN 8583-1:2003-09 @@ -27083,165 +27155,237 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - + - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 - - - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + + + Symbolic + From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”). - + + + + + + + + + Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. + + + + - FunctionalIcon - From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). + Property + From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). - + - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - ISO 14034:2016-11 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + DIN 8584-1:2003-09 - - - CausalObject - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + isPredecessorOf + From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + + + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 - + + + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + + + + - Part - From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. + Machine + From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical. - + + + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + EN 16603-11:2019-11 + + + + - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + DIN EN 9110:2018-08 - - - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + Wholistic + From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. - + + + FundamentalBoson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). + + + + - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - DIN 8583-1:2003-09 + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + DIN 8588:2013-08 - + + + ManufacturedProduct + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + + + + - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + + + Item + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - - - Dedomena - From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) - - - Factory - From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). + + + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - + + + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + + + + - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention - + - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - DIN EN 14943:2006-03 + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 - + - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol - - - Variable - Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). + + + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ - + - Perspective - From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. + Manufacturing + From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain + + + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + DIN 8589-2:2003-09 - - - Property - From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + + + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + DIN 8593-3:2003-09 - - - Index - From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). + + + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + DIN 8593-0:2003-09 + + + + + + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 @@ -27260,195 +27404,58 @@ manufacturing: production of components - - - Lifetime - From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. - - - - - - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) - - - - - - mereological - Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + + + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + DIN 8587:2003-09 - + - CausalPath - From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”). - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). - - - - - - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. - - - - - - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal + ResemblanceIcon + From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). - + - Language - From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + CausalStructure + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - EN 16603-11:2019-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + ISO 14034:2016-11 - - - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - ISO 4885:2018-02 + + + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - - - - - - Engineered - From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). - - - - - - Holistic - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). - - - - - - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 - - - - - - CausalChain - From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). - - - - - - Software - From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - + - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + DIN EN 14943:2006-03 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - - diff --git a/chameo-inferred.ttl b/chameo-inferred.ttl index ca32ee8..a3936af 100644 --- a/chameo-inferred.ttl +++ b/chameo-inferred.ttl @@ -2256,6 +2256,14 @@ ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; skos:prefLabel "hasInstrumentForCalibration"@en . +### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasInstrumentToBeCalibrated +:hasInstrumentToBeCalibrated rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; + rdfs:domain :CalibrationProcess ; + rdfs:range :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : . + + ### https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasInteractionVolume :hasInteractionVolume rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_ae2d1a96_bfa1_409a_a7d2_03d69e8a125a ; @@ -3297,7 +3305,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en , """A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit \"1000010\" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter \"B\". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: \"Hello\", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Symbolic"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Symbolic"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en ; @@ -3414,7 +3422,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_06658d8d_dcde_4fc9_aae1_17f71c0bcdec rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 ] ; rdfs:comment "1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Vector"@en ; skos:altLabel "1DArray"@en , "LinearArray" ; @@ -4055,7 +4063,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_0e0ee94d_70be_4b7e_afcc_320e62a94974 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_0e1f2009_bf12_49d1_99f3_1422e5287d82 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; rdfs:comment "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporalRole"@en ; skos:altLabel "HolisticTemporalPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalRole"@en ; @@ -5517,7 +5525,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_1eb6b28e_f260_4f04_ada1_19c6dcb668d9 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; rdfs:comment "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Variable"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; @@ -5711,7 +5719,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction."@en , """Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy , + rdfs:isDefinedBy , "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986"@en ; rdfs:label "MolecularEntity"@en ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalEntity"@en ; @@ -5850,7 +5858,7 @@ In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by o Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Number"@en ; skos:altLabel "Numeral"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Number"@en ; @@ -6403,7 +6411,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_28fbea28_2204_4613_87ff_6d877b855fcd rdf:type owl:Class ; See Shape4x3Matrix as an example."""@en , "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en , "Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Array"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Array"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en ; @@ -6936,7 +6944,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 ; rdfs:comment "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a" ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SpatioTemporalTile" ; skos:altLabel "WellFormedTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SpatioTemporalTile" ; @@ -7163,7 +7171,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_321af35f_f0cc_4a5c_b4fe_8c2c0303fb0c rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 ; rdfs:comment "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -7527,7 +7535,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 rdf:type owl:Class ; """The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself."""@en , "The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Arrangement"@en ; skos:altLabel "MereologicalState"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Arrangement"@en ; @@ -7663,7 +7671,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 rdf:type owl:Class ; """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "PhysicalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en ; @@ -8596,7 +8604,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 ; rdfs:comment "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en , "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Material"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Material"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; @@ -8788,7 +8796,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce rdf:type owl:Class ; """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Process"@en ; skos:altLabel "Occurrent"@en , "Perdurant"@en ; @@ -9078,7 +9086,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en , "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en , "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Procedure"@en ; skos:altLabel "Elaboration"@en , "Work"@en ; @@ -9329,7 +9337,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en , """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Perspective"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; @@ -9409,7 +9417,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_498aad49_f8d4_40a4_a9eb_efd563a0115f rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Estimator"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Estimator"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en . @@ -9467,7 +9475,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4b32fc1e_5293_4247_9e8d_1175df9f1c0b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 , ns1:EMMO_f055e217_0b1b_4e7e_b8be_7340211b0c5e ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "StrictFundamental"@en ; skos:prefLabel "StrictFundamental"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . @@ -9599,7 +9607,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4cdec724_8ed2_4e8e_b145_260a828bb1ed rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; rdfs:comment "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Numerical"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Numerical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en . @@ -9939,7 +9947,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_501f9b3a_c469_48f7_9281_2e6a8d805d7a rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporalTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en . @@ -10514,7 +10522,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; rdfs:comment "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en , "A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Mathematical"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Mathematical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en . @@ -10699,7 +10707,7 @@ Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decom ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; rdfs:comment "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined." . @@ -11001,7 +11009,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 rdf:type owl:Class ; It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term \"matter\". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call \"matter\" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Matter"@en ; skos:altLabel "PhysicalSubstance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Matter"@en ; @@ -12395,7 +12403,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; owl:disjointWith ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ; rdfs:comment "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; skos:prefLabel "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en . @@ -14511,7 +14519,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ] ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SpatialTiling"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SpatialTiling"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial."@en . @@ -14537,7 +14545,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c rdf:type owl:Class ; ] ; rdfs:comment "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en , "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; skos:prefLabel "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en ; @@ -14642,7 +14650,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 ) ; rdfs:comment "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en . @@ -14754,7 +14762,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8c64fcfa_23aa_45f8_9e58_bdfd065fab8f rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b ; rdfs:comment "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Constant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Constant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en . @@ -15166,7 +15174,7 @@ However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal pa In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental."""@en , "A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Object"@en ; skos:altLabel "Continuant"@en , "Endurant"@en ; @@ -15359,7 +15367,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c ; rdfs:comment "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Sequence"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Sequence"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en . @@ -15933,7 +15941,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ] ; rdfs:comment "A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Tile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Tile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation."@en . @@ -16212,7 +16220,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9d8f708a_f291_4d72_80ec_362c6e6bbca6 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; rdfs:comment "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "NumericalVariable"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NumericalVariable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en . @@ -17099,7 +17107,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_aa7397ff_2815_434e_9b99_e4c6a80e034e rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . @@ -18292,7 +18300,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ] ; rdfs:comment "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "IntentionalProcess"@en ; skos:altLabel "Project"@en ; skos:prefLabel "IntentionalProcess"@en ; @@ -18366,7 +18374,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ) ; rdfs:comment "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)." ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Substance"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Substance"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)." . @@ -18524,7 +18532,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules."""@en , "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "DiscreteData"@en ; skos:prefLabel "DiscreteData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; @@ -18854,7 +18862,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da rdf:type owl:Class ; is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en , "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "FractionUnit"@en ; skos:altLabel "RatioUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en ; @@ -19023,7 +19031,7 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en , "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "CausalStructure"@en ; skos:altLabel "CausalObject"@en ; skos:prefLabel "CausalStructure"@en ; @@ -19358,7 +19366,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c949f76f_4a65_4203_9734_0f9dd778e56b rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_6f5af708_f825_4feb_a0d1_a8d813d3022b ; rdfs:comment "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Declared"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Declared"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en . @@ -19477,7 +19485,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ca54593a_6828_491b_8fda_22b0ad85e446 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "ThroughTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "ThroughTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en . @@ -21987,7 +21995,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ea47add2_8e93_4659_a5f0_e6879032dee0 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Observer"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Observer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en . @@ -22111,7 +22119,7 @@ In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher ato We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en , "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Atom"@en ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalElement"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Atom"@en ; @@ -22395,7 +22403,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_ed7dd267_e2ee_4565_8117_e5c1eafa3e66 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "EndTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "EndTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e . @@ -23064,7 +23072,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ] ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "TemporalTiling"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalTiling"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal."@en . @@ -23183,7 +23191,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f8bd64d5_5d3e_4ad4_a46e_c30714fecb7f rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:onDataRange xsd:integer ] ; rdfs:comment "An integer number."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "Integer"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Integer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An integer number."@en . @@ -23315,7 +23323,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "BeginTile"@en ; skos:prefLabel "BeginTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b . @@ -23549,7 +23557,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_fc86c700_ccea_441c_b628_ad236f030fe6 rdf:type owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; rdfs:comment "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:label "NonTemporalRole"@en ; skos:altLabel "HolisticSpatialPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NonTemporalRole"@en ; @@ -26552,28 +26560,28 @@ ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual , ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "The universe is considered as a causally self-connected object, encompassing all other objects. For this reason is unique."@en . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . -[ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger +[ owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] . [ owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger diff --git a/chameo.html b/chameo.html index 3743871..9dac7e0 100644 --- a/chameo.html +++ b/chameo.html @@ -49,16 +49,20 @@

ACVoltammetryAnnotations - Altlabel - ACV + Elucidation + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 Preflabel ACVoltammetry - Elucidation - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + Altlabel + ACV Comment @@ -72,10 +76,6 @@

ACVoltammetryComment - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -102,14 +102,14 @@

AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - Elucidation electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + + Preflabel + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + Comment electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve @@ -140,14 +140,14 @@

AccessConditionsAnnotations - - Preflabel - AccessConditions - Elucidation Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + + Preflabel + AccessConditions + Comment Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment @@ -179,16 +179,16 @@

AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations - Altlabel - AdSV + Elucidation + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). Preflabel AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Elucidation - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + Altlabel + AdSV Comment @@ -224,14 +224,14 @@

AlphaSpectrometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - AlphaSpectrometry - Elucidation Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + Preflabel + AlphaSpectrometry + Comment Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. @@ -258,14 +258,14 @@

AmperometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Amperometry - Elucidation The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + + Preflabel + Amperometry + Comment Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. @@ -300,14 +300,14 @@

AnalyticalElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - - Preflabel - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + Preflabel + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Comment Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. @@ -334,22 +334,22 @@

AnodicStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - Elucidation Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - - Comment - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + + Preflabel + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + + + Comment + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -377,20 +377,20 @@

AtomProbeTomographyAnnotations - Altlabel - 3D Atom Probe - - - Altlabel - APT + Elucidation + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. Preflabel AtomProbeTomography - Elucidation - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + Altlabel + 3D Atom Probe + + + Altlabel + APT Comment @@ -418,14 +418,14 @@

AtomicForceMicroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Elucidation Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + Preflabel + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Comment Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. @@ -479,16 +479,20 @@

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethodAnnotations - Altlabel - BET + Elucidation + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 Preflabel BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - Elucidation - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + Altlabel + BET Comment @@ -498,10 +502,6 @@

BrunauerEmmettTellerMethodWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - Label BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod @@ -524,14 +524,14 @@

CalibrationDataAnnotations - - Preflabel - CalibrationData - Elucidation Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + + Preflabel + CalibrationData + Comment Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. @@ -558,14 +558,14 @@

CalibrationDataPostProcessingAnnotations - - Preflabel - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Elucidation Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + Preflabel + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Comment Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. @@ -593,17 +593,13 @@

CalibrationProcessAnnotations - Definition - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions
1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and
2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.
NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from
measurement standards.
NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty
for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the
past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.
NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement
standards.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Elucidation + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. Preflabel CalibrationProcess - - Elucidation - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Comment Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. @@ -620,6 +616,10 @@

CalibrationProcessComment Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + Definition + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions
1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and
2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication
NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system.
NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty.
NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from
measurement standards.
NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty
for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the
past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration.
NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement
standards.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Example In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. @@ -654,14 +654,14 @@

CalibrationTaskAnnotations - - Preflabel - CalibrationTask - Elucidation Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + + Preflabel + CalibrationTask + Comment Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. @@ -692,14 +692,14 @@

CalorimetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Calorimetry - Elucidation In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + Preflabel + Calorimetry + Comment In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. @@ -727,25 +727,25 @@

CathodicStrippingVoltammetryAnnotations - Altlabel - CSV + Elucidation + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 Preflabel CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - Elucidation - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + Altlabel + CSV Comment Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -802,14 +802,14 @@

CharacterisationData Annotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationData - Elucidation Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + Preflabel + CharacterisationData + Comment Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process @@ -836,14 +836,14 @@

CharacterisationDataValidationAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationDataValidation - Elucidation Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationDataValidation + Comment Procedure to validate the characterisation data. @@ -870,14 +870,14 @@

CharacterisationEnvironmentAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationEnvironment - Elucidation Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationEnvironment + Comment Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. @@ -950,14 +950,14 @@

CharacterisationExperimentAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationExperiment - Elucidation A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationExperiment + Comment A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. @@ -988,14 +988,14 @@

CharacterisationHardwareAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationHardware - Elucidation Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationHardware + Comment Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. @@ -1053,21 +1053,13 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentAnnotations - Definition - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - - - Vimterm - Measuring instrument + Elucidation + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. Preflabel CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - Elucidation - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - Comment Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. @@ -1076,6 +1068,14 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentComment The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + + Definition + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary
devices
NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system.
NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + + + Vimterm + Measuring instrument + Example In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter @@ -1119,21 +1119,13 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementProcessAnnotations - Definition - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - - - Vimterm - Measurement + Elucidation + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. Preflabel CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - - Elucidation - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Comment Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) @@ -1143,8 +1135,16 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementProcessThe measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Label - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Definition + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information
NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity.
NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement,
such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others.
NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the
process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”.
NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at
some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations.
NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the
quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated
measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement
conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the
measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring
system specifications.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + + + Vimterm + Measurement + + + Label + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess Formal description @@ -1188,14 +1188,14 @@

CharacterisationMeasurementTaskAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Elucidation Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Comment Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. @@ -1226,14 +1226,14 @@

CharacterisationProcedureAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationProcedure - Elucidation The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationProcedure + Comment Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. @@ -1272,14 +1272,14 @@

CharacterisationProcedureValidationAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Elucidation Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Comment Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. @@ -1306,14 +1306,14 @@

CharacterisationPropertyAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationProperty - Elucidation The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + + Preflabel + CharacterisationProperty + Comment The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). @@ -1344,14 +1344,14 @@

CharacterisationProtocolAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationProtocol - Elucidation A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationProtocol + Comment A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. @@ -1378,14 +1378,14 @@

CharacterisationSoftwareAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationSoftware - Elucidation A software application to process characterisation data + + Preflabel + CharacterisationSoftware + Comment A software application to process characterisation data @@ -1417,29 +1417,29 @@

CharacterisationSystemAnnotations - Definition - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - - - Vimterm - Measuring system + Elucidation + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. Preflabel CharacterisationSystem - Elucidation + Comment A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. Comment - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - Comment + Definition Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and
adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for
quantities of specified kinds
NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies.
NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012,
Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO
17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the
latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement,
including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement.
NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + + Vimterm + Measuring system + Label CharacterisationSystem @@ -1513,20 +1513,20 @@

CharacterisationTechniqueAnnotations - Altlabel - Characterisation procedure - - - Altlabel - Characterisation technique + Elucidation + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). Preflabel CharacterisationTechnique - Elucidation - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Altlabel + Characterisation procedure + + + Altlabel + Characterisation technique Comment @@ -1562,14 +1562,14 @@

CharacterisationWorkflowAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisationWorkflow - Elucidation A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + + Preflabel + CharacterisationWorkflow + Comment A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. @@ -1608,14 +1608,14 @@

CharacterisedSampleAnnotations - - Preflabel - CharacterisedSample - Elucidation The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + Preflabel + CharacterisedSample + Comment The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process @@ -1672,14 +1672,14 @@

ChromatographyAnnotations - - Preflabel - Chromatography - Elucidation In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + + Preflabel + Chromatography + Comment In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. @@ -1711,20 +1711,20 @@

ChronoamperometryAnnotations - Altlabel - AmperiometricDetection - - - Altlabel - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Elucidation + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. Preflabel Chronoamperometry - Elucidation - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + Altlabel + AmperiometricDetection + + + Altlabel + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve Comment @@ -1756,14 +1756,14 @@

ChronocoulometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Chronocoulometry - Elucidation Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + + Preflabel + Chronocoulometry + Comment Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. @@ -1794,14 +1794,14 @@

ChronopotentiometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Chronopotentiometry - Elucidation Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + + Preflabel + Chronopotentiometry + Comment Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. @@ -1832,14 +1832,14 @@

CompressionTestingAnnotations - - Preflabel - CompressionTesting - Elucidation Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + + Preflabel + CompressionTesting + Comment Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. @@ -1866,22 +1866,22 @@

ConductometricTitration Annotations - - Preflabel - ConductometricTitration - Elucidation Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - - Comment - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + + Preflabel + ConductometricTitration + + + Comment + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -1908,17 +1908,25 @@

ConductometryAnnotations + + Elucidation + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Preflabel Conductometry - Elucidation + Comment Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Comment - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikipediareference @@ -1928,14 +1936,6 @@

ConductometryExample Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label Conductometry @@ -1958,14 +1958,14 @@

ConfocalMicroscopyAnnotations - - Preflabel - ConfocalMicroscopy - Elucidation Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + + Preflabel + ConfocalMicroscopy + Comment Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. @@ -1992,14 +1992,14 @@

CoulometricTitration Annotations - - Preflabel - CoulometricTitration - Elucidation Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + + Preflabel + CoulometricTitration + Comment Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. @@ -2026,33 +2026,33 @@

CoulometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Coulometry - Elucidation Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Comment - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + Preflabel + Coulometry - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + Comment + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + + + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry Label @@ -2076,14 +2076,14 @@

CreepTestingAnnotations - - Preflabel - CreepTesting - Elucidation The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + + Preflabel + CreepTesting + Comment The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. @@ -2140,10 +2140,6 @@

CyclicChronopotentiometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. @@ -2152,6 +2148,10 @@

CyclicChronopotentiometryElucidation chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + Preflabel + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Comment Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. @@ -2178,38 +2178,38 @@

CyclicVoltammetryAnnotations - - Altlabel - CV - - - Preflabel - CyclicVoltammetry - Elucidation Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - Comment - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + Dbpediareference + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - Dbpediareference - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Preflabel + CyclicVoltammetry + + + Altlabel + CV + + + Comment + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + Label CyclicVoltammetry @@ -2232,14 +2232,14 @@

DCPolarographyAnnotations - - Preflabel - DCPolarography - Elucidation Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + + Preflabel + DCPolarography + Comment Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. @@ -2270,14 +2270,14 @@

DataAcquisitionRateAnnotations - - Preflabel - DataAcquisitionRate - Elucidation Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + Preflabel + DataAcquisitionRate + Comment Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. @@ -2304,14 +2304,14 @@

DataAnalysisAnnotations - - Preflabel - DataAnalysis - Elucidation Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + Preflabel + DataAnalysis + Comment Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. @@ -2338,14 +2338,14 @@

DataFilteringAnnotations - - Preflabel - DataFiltering - Elucidation Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + Preflabel + DataFiltering + Comment Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. @@ -2372,14 +2372,14 @@

DataNormalisationAnnotations - - Preflabel - DataNormalisation - Elucidation Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + + Preflabel + DataNormalisation + Comment It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. @@ -2414,14 +2414,14 @@

DataPostProcessingAnnotations - - Preflabel - DataPostProcessing - Elucidation Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + Preflabel + DataPostProcessing + Comment Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. @@ -2448,14 +2448,14 @@

DataPreparationAnnotations - - Preflabel - DataPreparation - Elucidation Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + Preflabel + DataPreparation + Comment Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. @@ -2482,14 +2482,14 @@

DataProcessingThroughCalibrationAnnotations - - Preflabel - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Elucidation Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + Preflabel + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Comment Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. @@ -2516,14 +2516,14 @@

DataQualityAnnotations - - Preflabel - DataQuality - Elucidation Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + + Preflabel + DataQuality + Comment Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. @@ -2554,14 +2554,14 @@

Detector Annotations - - Preflabel - Detector - Elucidation Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + + Preflabel + Detector + Comment Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. @@ -2596,14 +2596,14 @@

DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopyAnnotations - - Preflabel - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Elucidation Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + + Preflabel + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Comment Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. @@ -2630,14 +2630,14 @@

DielectrometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Dielectrometry - Elucidation Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + + Preflabel + Dielectrometry + Comment Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. @@ -2668,14 +2668,14 @@

DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Elucidation Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + Preflabel + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Comment Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. @@ -2703,33 +2703,33 @@

DifferentialPulseVoltammetryAnnotations - Altlabel - DPV + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 Preflabel DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Altlabel + DPV Comment Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + Label DifferentialPulseVoltammetry @@ -2783,16 +2783,16 @@

DifferentialScanningCalorimetryAnnotations - Altlabel - DSC + Elucidation + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. Preflabel DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Elucidation - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + Altlabel + DSC Comment @@ -2820,14 +2820,14 @@

DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Elucidation Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + Preflabel + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Comment Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. @@ -2855,16 +2855,16 @@

DifferentialThermalAnalysisAnnotations - Altlabel - DTA + Elucidation + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. Preflabel DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Elucidation - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + Altlabel + DTA Comment @@ -2892,14 +2892,14 @@

DilatometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Dilatometry - Elucidation Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + Preflabel + Dilatometry + Comment Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. @@ -2926,14 +2926,14 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrentAnnotations - - Preflabel - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Elucidation Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + + Preflabel + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Comment Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. @@ -2960,10 +2960,6 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotentialAnnotations - - Preflabel - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Elucidation Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. @@ -2972,6 +2968,10 @@

DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotentialElucidation In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + + Preflabel + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Comment Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. @@ -3006,14 +3006,14 @@

DirectCurrentInternalResistanceAnnotations - - Preflabel - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Elucidation Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + + Preflabel + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Comment Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. @@ -3041,16 +3041,16 @@

DynamicLightScatteringAnnotations - Altlabel - DLS + Elucidation + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). Preflabel DynamicLightScattering - Elucidation - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + Altlabel + DLS Comment @@ -3078,14 +3078,14 @@

DynamicMechanicalAnalysisAnnotations - - Preflabel - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Elucidation Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + Preflabel + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Comment Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. @@ -3113,16 +3113,16 @@

DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopyAnnotations - Altlabel - DMA + Elucidation + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. Preflabel DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Elucidation - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + Altlabel + DMA Comment @@ -3151,25 +3151,25 @@

ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopyAnnotations - Altlabel - EIS + Elucidation + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 Preflabel ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - Elucidation - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + Altlabel + EIS Comment Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 @@ -3196,14 +3196,14 @@

ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Elucidation Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + + Preflabel + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Comment Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. @@ -3234,14 +3234,14 @@

ElectrochemicalTesting Annotations - - Preflabel - ElectrochemicalTesting - Elucidation In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + + Preflabel + ElectrochemicalTesting + Comment In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity @@ -3272,10 +3272,6 @@

ElectrogravimetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Electrogravimetry - Elucidation Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. @@ -3285,21 +3281,25 @@

Electrogravimetrymethod of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Comment - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + Preflabel + Electrogravimetry - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + Comment + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + Label Electrogravimetry @@ -3323,16 +3323,16 @@

ElectronBackscatterDiffractionAnnotations - Altlabel - EBSD + Elucidation + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. Preflabel ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Elucidation - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + Altlabel + EBSD Comment @@ -3364,14 +3364,14 @@

ElectronProbeMicroanalysisAnnotations - - Preflabel - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Elucidation Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + + Preflabel + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Comment Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. @@ -3398,14 +3398,14 @@

EllipsometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Ellipsometry - Elucidation Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + Preflabel + Ellipsometry + Comment Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. @@ -3433,20 +3433,24 @@

EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyAnnotations - Altlabel - EDS + Elucidation + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - Altlabel - EDX + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 Preflabel EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - Elucidation - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + Altlabel + EDS + + + Altlabel + EDX Comment @@ -3456,10 +3460,6 @@

EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopyWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - Label EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy @@ -3482,14 +3482,14 @@

EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - - Preflabel - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + + Preflabel + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + Comment The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. @@ -3516,14 +3516,14 @@

Exafs Annotations - - Preflabel - Exafs - Elucidation Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + + Preflabel + Exafs + Comment Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. @@ -3550,14 +3550,14 @@

FatigueTestingAnnotations - - Preflabel - FatigueTesting - Elucidation Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + Preflabel + FatigueTesting + Comment Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. @@ -3585,16 +3585,16 @@

FibDicAnnotations - Altlabel - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + Elucidation + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). Preflabel FibDic - Elucidation - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + Altlabel + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis Comment @@ -3623,16 +3623,16 @@

FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - Altlabel - FE-SEM + Elucidation + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. Preflabel FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + Altlabel + FE-SEM Comment @@ -3661,16 +3661,20 @@

FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopyAnnotations - Altlabel - FTIR + Elucidation + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 Preflabel FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - Elucidation - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + Altlabel + FTIR Comment @@ -3680,10 +3684,6 @@

FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopyWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - Label FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy @@ -3706,14 +3706,14 @@

FractographyAnnotations - - Preflabel - Fractography - Elucidation Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + Preflabel + Fractography + Comment Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. @@ -3740,14 +3740,14 @@

FreezingPointDepressionOsmometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - Elucidation The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + Preflabel + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + Comment The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. @@ -3775,25 +3775,25 @@

GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechniqueAnnotations - Altlabel - GITT + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 Preflabel GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + Altlabel + GITT Comment Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - Label GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique @@ -3816,14 +3816,14 @@

GammaSpectrometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - GammaSpectrometry - Elucidation Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + Preflabel + GammaSpectrometry + Comment Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. @@ -3851,16 +3851,16 @@

GasAdsorptionPorosimetryAnnotations - Altlabel - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Elucidation + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. Preflabel GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Elucidation - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + Altlabel + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry Comment @@ -3888,14 +3888,14 @@

Grinding Annotations - - Preflabel - Grinding - Elucidation Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + + Preflabel + Grinding + Comment Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. @@ -3923,20 +3923,20 @@

HPPCAnnotations - Altlabel - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - - - Altlabel - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. Preflabel HPPC - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + Altlabel + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + + + Altlabel + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization Comment @@ -3964,14 +3964,14 @@

HardnessTestingAnnotations - - Preflabel - HardnessTesting - Elucidation A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + Preflabel + HardnessTesting + Comment A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. @@ -4060,14 +4060,14 @@

Hazard Annotations - - Preflabel - Hazard - Elucidation Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + Preflabel + Hazard + Comment Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. @@ -4094,14 +4094,14 @@

Holder Annotations - - Preflabel - Holder - Elucidation An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + + Preflabel + Holder + Comment An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. @@ -4128,30 +4128,30 @@

HydrodynamicVoltammetry Annotations - - Preflabel - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - Elucidation Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - Comment - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + Preflabel + HydrodynamicVoltammetry - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Comment + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + Label HydrodynamicVoltammetry @@ -4175,16 +4175,16 @@

ICI

Annotations - Altlabel - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + Elucidation + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. Preflabel ICI - Elucidation - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + Altlabel + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod Comment @@ -4212,14 +4212,14 @@

ImpedimetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Impedimetry - Elucidation Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + + Preflabel + Impedimetry + Comment Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. @@ -4250,14 +4250,14 @@

InteractionVolumeAnnotations - - Preflabel - InteractionVolume - Elucidation The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + + Preflabel + InteractionVolume + Comment In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. @@ -4330,14 +4330,14 @@

IonChromatographyAnnotations - - Preflabel - IonChromatography - Elucidation Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + + Preflabel + IonChromatography + Comment Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. @@ -4369,16 +4369,16 @@

IonMobilitySpectrometryAnnotations - Altlabel - IMS + Elucidation + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. Preflabel IonMobilitySpectrometry - Elucidation - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + Altlabel + IMS Comment @@ -4407,16 +4407,16 @@

IsothermalMicrocalorimetryAnnotations - Altlabel - IMC + Elucidation + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. Preflabel IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Elucidation - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + Altlabel + IMC Comment @@ -4444,14 +4444,14 @@

LaboratoryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Laboratory - Elucidation The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + Preflabel + Laboratory + Comment The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. @@ -4478,14 +4478,14 @@

LevelOfAutomationAnnotations - - Preflabel - LevelOfAutomation - Elucidation Describes the level of automation of the test. + + Preflabel + LevelOfAutomation + Comment Describes the level of automation of the test. @@ -4512,14 +4512,14 @@

LevelOfExpertiseAnnotations - - Preflabel - LevelOfExpertise - Elucidation Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + Preflabel + LevelOfExpertise + Comment Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). @@ -4546,14 +4546,14 @@

LightScatteringAnnotations - - Preflabel - LightScattering - Elucidation Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + + Preflabel + LightScattering + Comment Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. @@ -4580,10 +4580,6 @@

LinearChronopotentiometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - LinearChronopotentiometry - Elucidation Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. @@ -4592,6 +4588,10 @@

LinearChronopotentiometryElucidation chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + Preflabel + LinearChronopotentiometry + Comment Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. @@ -4618,6 +4618,18 @@

LinearScanVoltammetry Annotations + + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + + + Preflabel + LinearScanVoltammetry + Altlabel LSV @@ -4631,29 +4643,17 @@

LinearScanVoltammetryLinearSweepVoltammetry - Preflabel - LinearScanVoltammetry - - - Elucidation + Comment Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - Comment - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 Wikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - - - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Label LinearScanVoltammetry @@ -4676,14 +4676,14 @@

MassSpectrometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - MassSpectrometry - Elucidation Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + Preflabel + MassSpectrometry + Comment Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. @@ -4710,14 +4710,14 @@

MeasurementDataPostProcessingAnnotations - - Preflabel - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Elucidation Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + + Preflabel + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Comment Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. @@ -4752,14 +4752,14 @@

MeasurementParameter Annotations - - Preflabel - MeasurementParameter - Elucidation Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + Preflabel + MeasurementParameter + Comment Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. @@ -4791,21 +4791,13 @@

MeasurementSystemAdjustmentAnnotations - Definition - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - - - Vimterm - Adjustment + Elucidation + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. Preflabel MeasurementSystemAdjustment - - Elucidation - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Comment Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. @@ -4818,6 +4810,14 @@

MeasurementSystemAdjustmentComment Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + + Definition + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + + + Vimterm + Adjustment + Label MeasurementSystemAdjustment @@ -4840,14 +4840,14 @@

MeasurementTimeAnnotations - - Preflabel - MeasurementTime - Elucidation The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + + Preflabel + MeasurementTime + Comment The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. @@ -4878,14 +4878,14 @@

MechanicalTestingAnnotations - - Preflabel - MechanicalTesting - Elucidation Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + + Preflabel + MechanicalTesting + Comment Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. @@ -4916,14 +4916,14 @@

MembraneOsmometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - MembraneOsmometry - Elucidation In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + + Preflabel + MembraneOsmometry + Comment In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. @@ -4954,14 +4954,14 @@

MercuryPorosimetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - MercuryPorosimetry - Elucidation A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + + Preflabel + MercuryPorosimetry + Comment A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. @@ -4992,14 +4992,14 @@

MicroscopyAnnotations - - Preflabel - Microscopy - Elucidation Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + + Preflabel + Microscopy + Comment Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. @@ -5030,14 +5030,14 @@

Milling¶ Annotations - - Preflabel - Milling - Elucidation Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + + Preflabel + Milling + Comment Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. @@ -5064,14 +5064,14 @@

Mounting Annotations - - Preflabel - Mounting - Elucidation The sample is mounted on a holder. + + Preflabel + Mounting + Comment The sample is mounted on a holder. @@ -5103,17 +5103,17 @@

NanoindentationIri https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Nanoindentation - - Annotations - - - Preflabel - Nanoindentation + + Annotations Elucidation Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + + Preflabel + Nanoindentation + Comment Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. @@ -5149,16 +5149,16 @@

NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopyAnnotations - Altlabel - NSE + Elucidation + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. Preflabel NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Elucidation - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + Altlabel + NSE Comment @@ -5186,14 +5186,14 @@

Nexafs Annotations - - Preflabel - Nexafs - Elucidation Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + Preflabel + Nexafs + Comment Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. @@ -5221,16 +5221,16 @@

NormalPulseVoltammetryAnnotations - Altlabel - NPV + Elucidation + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. Preflabel NormalPulseVoltammetry - Elucidation - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + Altlabel + NPV Comment @@ -5263,20 +5263,20 @@

NuclearMagneticResonanceAnnotations - Altlabel - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - - - Altlabel - NMR + Elucidation + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. Preflabel NuclearMagneticResonance - Elucidation - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Altlabel + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + + + Altlabel + NMR Comment @@ -5305,16 +5305,16 @@

OpenCircuitHoldAnnotations - Altlabel - OCVHold + Elucidation + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). Preflabel OpenCircuitHold - Elucidation - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + Altlabel + OCVHold Comment @@ -5342,14 +5342,14 @@

Operator Annotations - - Preflabel - Operator - Elucidation The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + + Preflabel + Operator + Comment The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. @@ -5384,14 +5384,14 @@

OpticalMicroscopyAnnotations - - Preflabel - OpticalMicroscopy - Elucidation Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + + Preflabel + OpticalMicroscopy + Comment Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. @@ -5448,14 +5448,14 @@

OsmometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Osmometry - Elucidation Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + Preflabel + Osmometry + Comment Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). @@ -5482,14 +5482,14 @@

PhotoluminescenceMicroscopyAnnotations - - Preflabel - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Elucidation Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + + Preflabel + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Comment Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. @@ -5516,14 +5516,14 @@

PhysicsOfInteraction Annotations - - Preflabel - PhysicsOfInteraction - Elucidation Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + + Preflabel + PhysicsOfInteraction + Comment Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. @@ -5562,14 +5562,14 @@

PolishingAnnotations - - Preflabel - Polishing - Elucidation Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + Preflabel + Polishing + Comment Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. @@ -5626,14 +5626,14 @@

PostProcessingModelAnnotations - - Preflabel - PostProcessingModel - Elucidation Mathematical model used to process data. + + Preflabel + PostProcessingModel + Comment The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. @@ -5672,14 +5672,6 @@

PotentiometricStrippingAnalysisAnnotations - - Altlabel - PSA - - - Preflabel - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Elucidation Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. @@ -5688,6 +5680,14 @@

PotentiometricStrippingAnalysisElucidation two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + Preflabel + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + + + Altlabel + PSA + Comment Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. @@ -5730,30 +5730,30 @@

PotentiometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Potentiometry - Elucidation Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - - Comment - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Wikidatareference https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - Iupacreference - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Preflabel + Potentiometry + + + Comment + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. Ievreference https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + + Iupacreference + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Label Potentiometry @@ -5776,14 +5776,14 @@

PreparedSampleAnnotations - - Preflabel - PreparedSample - Elucidation The sample after a preparation process. + + Preflabel + PreparedSample + Comment The sample after a preparation process. @@ -5810,14 +5810,14 @@

PrimaryDataAnnotations - - Preflabel - PrimaryData - Elucidation Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + + Preflabel + PrimaryData + Comment Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. @@ -5848,14 +5848,14 @@

Probe Annotations - - Preflabel - Probe - Elucidation Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + + Preflabel + Probe + Comment Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. @@ -5906,14 +5906,14 @@

ProbeSampleInteraction Annotations - - Preflabel - ProbeSampleInteraction - Elucidation Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + + Preflabel + ProbeSampleInteraction + Comment Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal @@ -5952,14 +5952,14 @@

ProcessingReproducibilityAnnotations - - Preflabel - ProcessingReproducibility - Elucidation Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + + Preflabel + ProcessingReproducibility + Comment Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) @@ -5990,14 +5990,14 @@

ProfilometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Profilometry - Elucidation Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + + Preflabel + Profilometry + Comment Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. @@ -6029,16 +6029,16 @@

PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethodAnnotations - Altlabel - PseudoOCV + Elucidation + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage Preflabel PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - Elucidation - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + Altlabel + PseudoOCV Comment @@ -6070,14 +6070,14 @@

PulsedElectroacousticMethodAnnotations - - Preflabel - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - Elucidation The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + + Preflabel + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + Comment The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. @@ -6112,14 +6112,14 @@

RamanSpectroscopyAnnotations - - Preflabel - RamanSpectroscopy - Elucidation Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + Preflabel + RamanSpectroscopy + Comment Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified.

Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information.

Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. @@ -6150,14 +6150,14 @@

RationaleAnnotations - - Preflabel - Rationale - Elucidation A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + + Preflabel + Rationale + Comment A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief @@ -6184,10 +6184,6 @@

RawData¶ Annotations - - Preflabel - RawData - Elucidation Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. @@ -6196,6 +6192,10 @@

RawDataElucidation The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + + Preflabel + RawData + Comment In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. @@ -6277,12 +6277,12 @@

ReferenceSampleAnnotations - Definition - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Elucidation + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Definition - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Preflabel + ReferenceSample Altlabel @@ -6293,20 +6293,8 @@

ReferenceSampleReference material - Altlabel - ReferenceSpecimen - - - Vimterm - Reference material - - - Preflabel - ReferenceSample - - - Elucidation - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Altlabel + ReferenceSpecimen Comment @@ -6320,6 +6308,18 @@

ReferenceSampleComment + + Definition + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination
NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property
value.
NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material.
NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control.
EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control.
NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties.
NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device.
EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide.
NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to
which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization.
NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality
control, but not both.
NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference
materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination.

-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + + + Definition + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + + + Vimterm + Reference material + Label ReferenceSample @@ -6343,16 +6343,16 @@

SampleAnnotations - Altlabel - Specimen + Elucidation + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. Preflabel Sample - Elucidation - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Altlabel + Specimen Comment @@ -6392,14 +6392,14 @@

SampleExtractionAnnotations - - Preflabel - SampleExtraction - Elucidation Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + + Preflabel + SampleExtraction + Comment The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. @@ -6438,14 +6438,14 @@

SampleInspectionAnnotations - - Preflabel - SampleInspection - Elucidation Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + + Preflabel + SampleInspection + Comment Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. @@ -6510,14 +6510,14 @@

SampleInspectionParameterAnnotations - - Preflabel - SampleInspectionParameter - Elucidation Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + Preflabel + SampleInspectionParameter + Comment Parameter used for the sample inspection process @@ -6548,14 +6548,14 @@

SamplePreparationAnnotations - - Preflabel - SamplePreparation - Elucidation Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + Preflabel + SamplePreparation + Comment Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. @@ -6632,14 +6632,14 @@

SamplePreparationParameterAnnotations - - Preflabel - SamplePreparationParameter - Elucidation Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + Preflabel + SamplePreparationParameter + Comment Parameter used for the sample preparation process @@ -6671,16 +6671,16 @@

SampledDCPolarographyAnnotations - Altlabel - TASTPolarography + Elucidation + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. Preflabel SampledDCPolarography - Elucidation - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + Altlabel + TASTPolarography Comment @@ -6721,16 +6721,16 @@

ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - Altlabel - AES + Elucidation + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. Preflabel ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + Altlabel + AES Comment @@ -6763,16 +6763,16 @@

ScanningElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - Altlabel - SEM + Elucidation + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. Preflabel ScanningElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + Altlabel + SEM Comment @@ -6805,16 +6805,16 @@

ScanningKelvinProbeAnnotations - Altlabel - SKB + Elucidation + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. Preflabel ScanningKelvinProbe - Elucidation - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + Altlabel + SKB Comment @@ -6846,14 +6846,14 @@

ScanningProbeMicroscopy Annotations - - Preflabel - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Elucidation Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + Preflabel + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Comment Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. @@ -6885,16 +6885,16 @@

ScanningTunnelingMicroscopyAnnotations - Altlabel - STM + Elucidation + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. Preflabel ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Elucidation - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + Altlabel + STM Comment @@ -6957,16 +6957,16 @@

SecondaryDataAnnotations - Altlabel - Elaborated data + Elucidation + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. Preflabel SecondaryData - Elucidation - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Altlabel + Elaborated data Comment @@ -7007,16 +7007,16 @@

SecondaryIonMassSpectrometryAnnotations - Altlabel - SIMS + Elucidation + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. Preflabel SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Elucidation - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + Altlabel + SIMS Comment @@ -7079,17 +7079,13 @@

SignalAnnotations - Definition - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Elucidation + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. Preflabel Signal - - Elucidation - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Comment Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. @@ -7110,6 +7106,10 @@

SignalComment + + Definition + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Label Signal @@ -7132,14 +7132,14 @@

SpectrometryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Spectrometry - Elucidation Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + + Preflabel + Spectrometry + Comment Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. @@ -7170,14 +7170,14 @@

SpectroscopyAnnotations - - Preflabel - Spectroscopy - Elucidation Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + + Preflabel + Spectroscopy + Comment Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. @@ -7208,6 +7208,18 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetry Annotations + + Elucidation + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + + + Preflabel + SquareWaveVoltammetry + Altlabel OSWV @@ -7220,14 +7232,6 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetryAltlabel SWV - - Preflabel - SquareWaveVoltammetry - - - Elucidation - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - Comment Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. @@ -7248,18 +7252,14 @@

SquareWaveVoltammetryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + Label SquareWaveVoltammetry @@ -7282,14 +7282,14 @@

StepChronopotentiometry Annotations - - Preflabel - StepChronopotentiometry - Elucidation chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + Preflabel + StepChronopotentiometry + Comment chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps @@ -7320,14 +7320,14 @@

StrippingVoltammetry Annotations - - Preflabel - StrippingVoltammetry - Elucidation two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + + Preflabel + StrippingVoltammetry + Comment Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. @@ -7356,14 +7356,14 @@

StrippingVoltammetryComment - - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + Label StrippingVoltammetry @@ -7417,16 +7417,16 @@

TensileTestingAnnotations - Altlabel - TensionTest + Elucidation + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. Preflabel TensileTesting - Elucidation - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + Altlabel + TensionTest Comment @@ -7459,16 +7459,16 @@

ThermochemicalTestingAnnotations - Altlabel - TMA + Elucidation + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. Preflabel ThermochemicalTesting - Elucidation - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + Altlabel + TMA Comment @@ -7501,16 +7501,16 @@

ThermogravimetryAnnotations - Altlabel - TGA + Elucidation + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). Preflabel Thermogravimetry - Elucidation - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + Altlabel + TGA Comment @@ -7543,16 +7543,20 @@

ThreePointBendingTestingAnnotations - Altlabel - ThreePointFlexuralTest + Elucidation + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 Preflabel ThreePointBendingTesting - Elucidation - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + Altlabel + ThreePointFlexuralTest Comment @@ -7566,10 +7570,6 @@

ThreePointBendingTestingWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Label ThreePointBendingTesting @@ -7589,17 +7589,17 @@

TomographyIri https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#Tomography - - Annotations - - - Preflabel - Tomography + + Annotations Elucidation Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + + Preflabel + Tomography + Comment Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. @@ -7627,16 +7627,16 @@

TransmissionElectronMicroscopyAnnotations - Altlabel - TEM + Elucidation + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. Preflabel TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Elucidation - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + Altlabel + TEM Comment @@ -7668,14 +7668,14 @@

UltrasonicTestingAnnotations - - Preflabel - UltrasonicTesting - Elucidation Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + + Preflabel + UltrasonicTesting + Comment Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. @@ -7702,14 +7702,14 @@

UserCase Annotations - - Preflabel - UserCase - Elucidation High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + Preflabel + UserCase + Comment High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. @@ -7737,16 +7737,16 @@

VaporPressureDepressionOsmometryAnnotations - Altlabel - VPO + Elucidation + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. Preflabel VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Elucidation - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + Altlabel + VPO Comment @@ -7779,16 +7779,16 @@

ViscometryAnnotations - Altlabel - Viscosity + Elucidation + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. Preflabel Viscometry - Elucidation - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Altlabel + Viscosity Comment @@ -7820,14 +7820,18 @@

VoltammetryAnnotations - - Preflabel - Voltammetry - Elucidation Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + + + Preflabel + Voltammetry + Comment The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. @@ -7841,20 +7845,16 @@

Voltammetry - Wikipediareference - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + Ievreference + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 Iupacreference https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Ievreference - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Wikipediareference + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry Label @@ -7878,14 +7878,14 @@

VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrodeAnnotations - - Preflabel - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Elucidation Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + + Preflabel + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Comment Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation @@ -7916,14 +7916,14 @@

WearTestingAnnotations - - Preflabel - WearTesting - Elucidation A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + Preflabel + WearTesting + Comment A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. @@ -7951,20 +7951,20 @@

XpsVariableKineticAnnotations - Altlabel - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - - - Altlabel - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + Elucidation + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. Preflabel XpsVariableKinetic - Elucidation - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Altlabel + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + + + Altlabel + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Comment @@ -7993,16 +7993,20 @@

XrayDiffractionAnnotations - Altlabel - XRD + Elucidation + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + + + Wikidatareference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 Preflabel XrayDiffraction - Elucidation - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + Altlabel + XRD Comment @@ -8016,10 +8020,6 @@

XrayDiffractionWikipediareference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - - Wikidatareference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - Label XrayDiffraction @@ -8043,16 +8043,16 @@

XrayPowderDiffractionAnnotations - Altlabel - XRPD + Elucidation + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample Preflabel XrayPowderDiffraction - Elucidation - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + Altlabel + XRPD Comment @@ -8178,14 +8178,14 @@

hasBeginCharacterisationTaskAnnotations - - Altlabel - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - Preflabel hasBeginCharacterisationTask + + Altlabel + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + Comment @@ -8216,14 +8216,14 @@

hasCharacterisationComponentAnnotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationComponent - Preflabel hasCharacterisationComponent + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationComponent + Comment @@ -8254,14 +8254,14 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentAnnotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironment + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + Comment @@ -8292,14 +8292,14 @@

hasCharacterisationEnvironmentPropertyAnnotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - Preflabel hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + Comment @@ -8330,14 +8330,14 @@

hasCharacterisationInputAnnotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationInput - Preflabel hasCharacterisationInput + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationInput + Comment @@ -8368,14 +8368,14 @@

hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrumentAnnotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument - Preflabel hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationMeasurementInstrument + Comment @@ -8406,14 +8406,14 @@

hasCharacterisationOutputAnnotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationOutput - Preflabel hasCharacterisationOutput + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationOutput + Comment @@ -8478,14 +8478,14 @@

hasCharacterisationPropertyAnnotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationProperty - Preflabel hasCharacterisationProperty + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationProperty + Comment @@ -8516,14 +8516,14 @@

hasCharacterisationSoftwareAnnotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationSoftware - Preflabel hasCharacterisationSoftware + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationSoftware + Comment @@ -8554,14 +8554,14 @@

hasCharacterisationTask Annotations - - Altlabel - hasCharacterizationTask - Preflabel hasCharacterisationTask + + Altlabel + hasCharacterizationTask + Comment @@ -8762,14 +8762,14 @@

hasEndCharacterisationTaskAnnotations - - Altlabel - hasEndCharacterizationTask - Preflabel hasEndCharacterisationTask + + Altlabel + hasEndCharacterizationTask + Comment @@ -8925,6 +8925,28 @@

hasInstrumentForCalibrationSubclass Of hasTemporaryParticipant +
+
+

hasInstrumentToBeCalibrated

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Irihttps://w3id.org/emmo/domain/characterisation-methodology/chameo#hasInstrumentToBeCalibrated
Annotations
Formal description
Subclass OfObjectProperty
Subclass OfhasTemporaryParticipant

hasInteractionVolume

@@ -9106,14 +9128,14 @@

hasManufacturerAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasManufacturer - Elucidation A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware + + Preflabel + hasManufacturer + Comment A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -9314,14 +9336,14 @@

hasModel Annotations - - Preflabel - hasModel - Elucidation A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + + Preflabel + hasModel + Comment A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -9799,14 +9821,14 @@

hasUniqueIDAnnotations - - Preflabel - hasUniqueID - Elucidation A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + + Preflabel + hasUniqueID + Comment A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware @@ -10163,6 +10185,7 @@

chameo-inferred

  • hasHazard
  • hasHolder
  • hasInstrumentForCalibration
    • +
  • hasInstrumentToBeCalibrated
  • hasInteractionVolume
  • hasInteractionWithProbe
  • hasInteractionWithSample
    • diff --git a/chameo.owl b/chameo.owl index ad522cd..ee15926 100644 --- a/chameo.owl +++ b/chameo.owl @@ -51,24 +51,6 @@ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/emmo-repo/domain-characterisation-methodology/main/images/chameo_logo_small.png - - - - - - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - hasBeginCharacterizationTask - hasBeginCharacterisationTask - - - - - - hasBeginTask - hasBeginTask - - @@ -80,97 +62,60 @@ Length hasUnit only LengthUnit - - - - - hasServiceOutput - hasServiceOutput - - - - - - - hasProductOutput - hasProductOutput - - - - - - - - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - hasConvention - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. - - - - - - - - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - hasSign - A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - - - - - - - hasPeerReviewedArticle - - hasPeerReviewedArticle - - - + + - - hasNonMaximalPart - hasNonMaximalPart + + isCauseOf + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + isCauseOf + We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. +An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. + The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: +a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x +b) y and x non-overlapping + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. + The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. +While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. - - - - isPortionPartOf - isPortionPartOf + + + + + + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. + hasMetrologicalUncertainty + Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. + Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - - - - + + + - hasProcessingReproducibility - - hasProcessingReproducibility - - - - - - - - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - hasProperty - A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + hasObjectiveProperty + Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. + hasObjectiveProperty - + + - + - hasCharacterisationSoftware + hasInstrumentForCalibration - hasCharacterizationSoftware - hasCharacterisationSoftware + hasInstrumentForCalibration @@ -184,138 +129,94 @@ The relation between a process P and an object whole O that overcrosses it. The intersection between P and O is a participant of P. - + + - + - hasMeasurementProbe + hasSampleForInspection - hasMeasurementProbe - - - - - - - - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - hasUnitNonPrefixPart - Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. - For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". - - - - - - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. - hasSpatialIntegralPart - hasSpatialSlice - A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + hasSampleForInspection - - - - - - isDirectCauseOf - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - isDirectCauseOf - Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. -It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. - A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. - Direct cause is irreflexive. - Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. + + + + + + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. + hasSign + A relation that connects the semiotic object to the sign in a semiotic process. - - - - - - - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - hasSpatiialnteractionWith - contacts - A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). -It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). -Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. - An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. - Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. - The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. + + + + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + semiotical + The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - + - - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. - hasOutput - The outcome of a process. - The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + + + hasStatus + hasStatus - - + + + + + + hasHolisticTemporalPart + hasHolisticTemporalPart + + + + - - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - hasHolisticOverlap - A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. - A man and the process of building a house. -The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. -The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. -The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. -In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. - This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - + + hasRedundantPart + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - - - - - - hasCharacteriser - hasCharacteriser +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + hasRedundantPart + The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. + A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. + The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. + +On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - - - - - - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. - hasDeclarer - A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + + + + + + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + hasHolisticRelation + The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - - - - - hasInput - The input of a process. - hasInput - The input of a process. + + + + + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + hasSpatialPart + A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. @@ -336,18 +237,125 @@ In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping hasEndTask - + + + + + + + + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + hasInterval + The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + + + + + + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + hasTemporalPart + A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. + A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. + +A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + + - - - - equalsTo - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - equalsTo - The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. - Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + + + isSpatiallyRelatedWith + isSpatiallyRelatedWith + + + + + + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + + + hasProductOutput + hasProductOutput + + + + + + + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + hasOutput + The outcome of a process. + The partial overlapping is required since the creating process is distinct with the process in which the output is used or consumed. + + + + + + + + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + hasDeclarer + A semiotic relation connecting a conventional sign to the interpreter (declarer) in a declaration process. + + + + + + + + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + hasInterpreter + A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + + + + + + + + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasDescription + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + + + + + + + + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + hasConvention + A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a conventional sign in a declaration process. + + + + + + hasCharacterisationOutput + + hasCharacterizationOutput + hasCharacterisationOutput @@ -362,31 +370,44 @@ In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping All other mereology relations can be defined in FOL using hasPart as primitive. - - - - isPartOf - isPartOf + + + + + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. + hasResourceIdentifier + Relates a resource to its identifier. - - - - - - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - hasConstituent - The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + + + + + + + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. + hasHolisticOverlap + A relation between two holistic wholes that properly overlap, sharing one of their holistic parts. + A man and the process of building a house. +The man is a whole that possesses an holistic temporal part which is an interval of six monts and represents a working period in his lifetime. +The process of building a house is a whole that possesses an holistic spatial part which is a builder. +The working period of the man and the builder participating the building process are the same individual, belonging both to a man lifetime and to a building holistic views. +In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping individual is represented differently in both holistic views. + This relation is about two wholes that overlap, and whose intersection is an holistic part of both. - - - - - - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + + + + + + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + properOverlaps + The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. @@ -403,121 +424,150 @@ In this sense, the man and the building process overcrosses. and the overlapping A proper part is then the disjoint union of: spatial part, temporal part and spatio temporal part relations. - - - - - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - hasSpatialPart - A proper part of a whole, whose parts always cover the full temporal extension of the whole within a spatial interval. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. - + + + + + + hasConstitutiveProcess + hasConstitutiveProcess + - - - - - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - hasMeasuredProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart + hasHolisticNonTemporalPart - - - - - hasObjectiveProperty - Relates an object to a quantity describing a quantifiable property of the object obtained via a well-defined procedure. - hasObjectiveProperty + + + + + + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasSampleForPreparation + + hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - + + - - - hasConventionalProperty - An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. - -The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - hasConventionalProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. - An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. + + + hasMetricPrefix + Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. + hasMetricPrefix - + - - hasCharacterisationOutput + + + hasLab - hasCharacterizationOutput - hasCharacterisationOutput + hasLab - - - - - - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. - hasHolisticRelation - The relation between a holistic whole and its related entities, being them parts or other overlapping entities. + + + + + hasServiceOutput + hasServiceOutput - - - - - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. - overlaps - The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + + + + + + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. + hasProperty + A semiotic relation that connects a semiotic object to a property in a declaration process. - - + + - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation - hasSampleForPreparation + hasInteractionWithSample - hasSampleBeforeSamplePreparation + hasInteractionWithSample - - + + - + + + hasPeerReviewedArticle + + hasPeerReviewedArticle + + + + + - hasDataAcquisitionRate + hasHazard - hasDataAcquisitionRate + hasHazard - - - - - - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) - isNotCauseOf - x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + + + + + + hasSamplePreparationParameter + + hasSamplePreparationParameter - - + + + + + hasInput + The input of a process. + hasInput + The input of a process. + + + + - - - hasInteractionWithProbe + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironment - hasInteractionWithProbe + hasCharacterizationEnvironment + hasCharacterisationEnvironment + + + + + + + + + hasConnectedPortion + hasConnectedPortion + + + + + + + + hasScatteredPortion + hasScatteredPortion @@ -534,63 +584,147 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat The relation between a process and an object participating to it, i.e. that is relevant to the process itself. - - - - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - hasNonTemporalPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + + + + + + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + hasHolisticPart + The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. + An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. - - - - - - hasTask - hasTask + + + + + + + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + hasPortion + The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. + A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). - - - - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - hasTemporalSlice - A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + + + + + + hasCharacterised + hasCharacterised - - - - - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. - hasModelledProperty - Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + hasDeclared + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + hasDeclared + A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - - - - + + + + + + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. + hasDatum + Relates a dataset to its datum. + + + + + + - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. - hasDescription - A semiotic relation that connects a declared semiotic object to a description in a declaration process. + hasVariable + hasVariable - - + + + + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + hasSpatialIntegralPart + hasSpatialSlice + A relation that identify a proper part of the whole that extends itself in time along the overall lifetime of the whole, and whose parts never cover the full spatial extension of the 4D whole. + In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL spatial relations are primitive. + + + - - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. - properOverlaps - The relation between two entities that overlaps and neither of both is part of the other. + + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + overlaps + The relation between two entities that share at least one of their parts. + + + + + + mereological + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + mereological + The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. + The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + + + + + + isGatheredPartOf + isGatheredPartOf + + + + + + + + hasHardwareSpecification + + hasHardwareSpecification + + + + + + + + hasDataAcquisitionRate + + hasDataAcquisitionRate + + + + + + + + isDirectCauseOf + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + isDirectCauseOf + Direct causality is a concept that capture the idea of contact between two entities, given the fact that there are no causal intermediaries between them. It requires that at least a quantum of the causing entity is direct cause of a quantum of the caused entity. +It does not exclude the possibility of indirect causal routes between proper parts of the two entities. + A causal relation between the causing and the effected entities occurring without intermediaries. + Direct cause is irreflexive. + Direct cause provides the edges for the transitive restriction of the direct acyclic causal graph whose nodes are the quantum entities. @@ -605,39 +739,45 @@ Participation is not under direct parthood since a process is not strictly relat A causal relation between the effected and the causing entities with intermediaries. - + + - - isCauseOf - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - isCauseOf - We say that an entity causes another if there is a quantum part of the first that is in causal relation with a quantum parts of the second. -An entity cannot cause itself (causal loops are forbidden) or a part of itself. For this reasons causality between entities excludes reflexivity and prevents them to overlap. - The relation between an individuals x and y, that holds if and only if: -a) y having a part that is causing an effect on a part of x -b) y and x non-overlapping - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Each pair of causally connected entities is either in isDirectCauseOf or isIndirectCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - It applies to both quantums and macro-entities (entities made of more than one quantum). It is admissible for two entities to be one the cause of the other, excepts when they are both quantums. - The OWL 2 DL version of the EMMO introduces this object property as primitive causal relation. It refers to the macro causality relation mC(x,y), defined in the EMMO FOL version. -While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive, the OWL 2 DL version substantially simplifies the theory, neglecting these lower level relations that are well above DL expressivity. + + + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + alongsideOf + isConcomitantWith + The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - - - - - - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - hasCognised - A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + + + + + + hasInteractionVolume + + hasInteractionVolume + + + + + + + + hasBeginCharacterisationTask + + hasBeginCharacterizationTask + hasBeginCharacterisationTask + + + + + + hasBeginTask + hasBeginTask @@ -652,176 +792,91 @@ While the EMMO FOL introduces the quantum causality relation C(x,y) as primitive A relation that connects the interpreter to the semiotic object in a semiotic process. - - - - - - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. - EMMORelation - The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + + + + + hasCharacterisationSoftware + + hasCharacterizationSoftware + hasCharacterisationSoftware - + - - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - causal - Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. -Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. - The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. - Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + + isPartOf + isPartOf - - - - - - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty - hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + hasQuantity + Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - - - - - - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. - hasDatum - Relates a dataset to its datum. + + + + + + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. + hasCognised + A semiotic relation connecting a recognising interpreter to the "cognised" semiotic object in a cognition process. - - - - - - - isSpatiallyRelatedWith - isSpatiallyRelatedWith + + + + + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + hasInterpretant + A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - - - - - - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - hasUnitSymbol - Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. - - - - - - - - - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - hasPortion - The relation between a object whole and its spatial part of the same type. - A volume of 1 cc of milk within a 1 litre can be considered still milk as a whole. If you scale down to a cluster of molecules, than the milk cannot be considered a fluid no more (and then no more a milk). - - - - - - - - - hasRedundantPart - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - hasRedundantPart - The superproperty of the relations between a whole and its mereological parts that are still holistic wholes of the same type. - A volume of water has redundand parts other volumes of water. All this volumes have holistic parts some water molecules. - The purpose of this relation is to provide a parhood relation that does not go deep enough, in terms of decomposition, to break the holistic definition of the whole. - -On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep. - - - - - - - - hasHolder - - hasHolder + + + + + + + equalsTo + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + equalsTo + The relation between two entities that stands for the same individuals. + Equality is here defined following a mereological approach. - - + - - - hasHardwareSpecification + + + hasDataset - hasHardwareSpecification - - - - - - - - hasStage - hasStage + hasDataset - - - - + + + + - hasHolisticTemporalPart - hasHolisticTemporalPart - - - - - - - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - hasSpatioTemporalPart - hasJunctionPart - The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - - - - - - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - hasHeterogeneousPart - The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + hasTask + hasTask - - - + - - - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). - alongsideOf - isConcomitantWith - The relation between two causally reachable entities through a path of contacts relations (i.e. representing physical interactions). + + isOvercrossedBy + isOvercrossedBy @@ -835,114 +890,137 @@ On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep.hasCharacterisationProperty - - - - - - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. - hasCogniser - A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + + + + + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. + hasMeasuredProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - - - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. - hasInterpreter - A relation connecting a sign to the interpreter in a semiotic process. + + + + + + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. + hasConstituent + The relation between an object and one of its holistic part that contributes to the object under some spatial-based criteria. - + + - + - hasHazard + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - hasHazard + hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration - + + + + + + hasInteractionWithProbe + + hasInteractionWithProbe + + + + - - - - hasSubItem - hasSubItem + + + + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + overcrosses + The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - + + - - - hasMeasurementDetector + + + hasSampleInspectionParameter - hasMeasurementDetector + hasSampleInspectionParameter - - - - - - hasCharacterised - hasCharacterised + + + + + + + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + hasSpatiialnteractionWith + contacts + A spatial contact between two entities occurs when the two entities are in an interaction relation whose causal structure is a representation of the fundamental interactions between elementary particles (Feynman diagrams). +It means that if two entities are in contact, then there is at least a couple of elementary particles, one part of the first and one part of the second, interacting according to one of the fundamental interactions through virtual particles. This kind of connection is space-like (i.e. interconnecting force carrier particle is offshelf). +Contacts between two entities exclude the possibility of other causal relations that are not included in a fundamental space-like interaction. + An interaction that is the sum of direct causality relations between two entities that are interpretable as fundamental physical interactions. + Spatial contact is symmetric and irreflexive. + The contact relation is not an ordering relation since is symmetric. - - - - - - hasDeclared - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. - hasDeclared - A semiotic relation connecting a declaring interpreter to the "declared" semiotic object in a declaration process. + + + + + hasMeasurementProbe + + hasMeasurementProbe - - - - - - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - hasDeduced - A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - + + + + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. + hasTemporalSection + A temporal part that is not a slice. + - - - - - - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - hasHolisticPart - The relation between the whole and a proper part of the whole that scale down to the point which it lose the characteristics of the whole and become something else. - An holistic part of water fluid is a water molecule. + + + + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). + hasNonTemporalPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext relation (or its inverse). - - - - - - hasConstitutiveProcess - hasConstitutiveProcess + + + + + + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. + hasIndex + A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - + + - - hasCharacterisationComponent + + + hasProcessingReproducibility - hasCharacterizationComponent - hasCharacterisationComponent + hasProcessingReproducibility @@ -954,61 +1032,40 @@ On the contrary, the holistic parthood, is expected to go that deep.hasComponent - - - - - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. - hasTemporalItemSlice - A temporal part that is an item. - - - - - - - - - hasConnectedPortion - hasConnectedPortion + + + + + hasMeasurementDetector + + hasMeasurementDetector - - - - - - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. - hasSubProcess - The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + + + + + + hasSampledSample + + hasSampledSample - - + + - - - hasDataQuality + + + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - hasDataQuality + hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - hasTemporalPart - A relation that identify a proper item part of the whole, whose parts always cover the full spatial extension of the whole within a time interval. - A temporal part of an item cannot both cause and be caused by any other proper part of the item. - -A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be either an item or a collection. We therefore introduce two subproperties in order to distinguish between both cases. - In EMMO FOL this is a defined property. In OWL temporal relations are primitive. + + + + hasModel + hasModel @@ -1022,15 +1079,36 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be Relates a quantity to its reference unit through spatial direct parthood. - - - - mereological - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - mereological - The superclass of all mereological EMMO relations. - The EMMO adheres to Atomistic General Extensional Mereology (AGEM). + + + + + + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + hasUnitSymbol + Relates a prefixed unit to its unit symbol part. + + + + + + + + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + hasUnitNonPrefixPart + Relates a prefixed unit to its non-prefixed part. + For example the unit CentiNewtonMetre has prefix "Centi" and non-prefix part "NewtonMetre". + + + + + + + hasOperator + + hasOperator @@ -1043,42 +1121,83 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be The relation within a process and an agengt participant. - - + + - - - hasSampleInspectionParameter + + + hasPostProcessingModel - hasSampleInspectionParameter + hasPostProcessingModel - - - - - - hasLevelOfAutomation - - hasLevelOfAutomation + + + + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + causal + Causality is the fundamental concept describing how entities affect each other, and occurs before time and space relations. +Embracing a strong reductionistic view, causality originates at quantum entities level. + The superclass of all causal EMMO relations. + Each pair of entities is either in isCauseOf or isNotCauseOf relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - - + + + + + + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + EMMORelation + The class for all relations used by the EMMO. + + + + - + - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasMeasurementTime - hasCharacterizationEnvironment - hasCharacterisationEnvironment + hasMeasurementTime - + + + + + + hasManufacturedOutput + hasManufacturedOutput + + + + + + + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + hasModelledProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object via a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + hasNonMaximalPart + hasNonMaximalPart + + + - isGatheredPartOf - isGatheredPartOf + isPortionPartOf + isPortionPartOf @@ -1091,135 +1210,174 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be hasSamplePreparationInstrument - - - - - - hasSampledSample - - hasSampledSample + + + + + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. + hasTemporalCollectionSlice + A temporal part that is a collection. - + - - - - hasScatteredPortion - hasScatteredPortion + + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. + hasTemporalSlice + A temporal part that capture the overall spatial extension of the causal object. - - + + - + - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - hasDataProcessingThroughCalibration + hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation - - + + - + - hasPostProcessingModel + hasMeasurementSample - hasPostProcessingModel + hasMeasurementSample - + + + + + + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + isNotCauseOf + x isNotCauseOf y iff not(x isCauseOf y) + + + + - - hasCharacterisationInput - - hasCharacterizationInput - hasCharacterisationInput + - + + + + + + + + + + + + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + hasIcon + A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. + + + - - - hasMaximalPart - hasMaximalPart + + + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. + hasSpatioTemporalPart + hasJunctionPart + The part is connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) and hasContact relations only. - - + - - - - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. - overcrosses - The relation between an entity that overlaps another without being its part. + + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. + hasHeterogeneousPart + The part is not connected with the rest item or members with hasNext (or its inverse) only or hasContact relations only. - + + - - - requiresLevelOfExpertise + + + hasReferenceSample - requiresLevelOfExpertise + hasReferenceSample - - + - - - hasMeasurementSample + + hasCharacterisationInput - hasMeasurementSample + hasCharacterizationInput + hasCharacterisationInput - + - - isOvercrossedBy - isOvercrossedBy + + + + hasSubItem + hasSubItem - - - - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. - semiotical - The generic EMMO semiotical relation. + + + + + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. + hasOutcome + The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - - + + - + + + hasCharacterisationTask + + hasCharacterizationTask + hasCharacterisationTask + + + + + - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + requiresLevelOfExpertise - hasCharacterisationProcedureValidation + requiresLevelOfExpertise - - - - - - hasFractionalCollection - hasFractionalCollection + + + + + + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. + hasDeduced + A semiotic relation connecting a decucing interpreter to the "deduced" semiotic object in a deduction process. - + - - - - hasSubCollection - hasSubCollection + + + hasMaximalPart + hasMaximalPart @@ -1233,72 +1391,101 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be hasCharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - - - - - - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - hasIcon - A semiotic relation that connects a recognised semiotic object to an icon in a cognition process. - - - - - - - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. - hasInterpretant - A relation that connects a semiotic object to the interpretant in a semiotic process. + + + + + + hasMeasurementParameter + + hasMeasurementParameter - - + + - - - hasInteractionVolume + + + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - hasInteractionVolume + hasCharacterizationEnvironmentProperty + hasCharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - - - - - hasSubObject - hasSubObject + + + + + + hasCharacteriser + hasCharacteriser - - - - - - hasMaximalCollection - hasMaximalCollection + + + + + + hasLevelOfAutomation + + hasLevelOfAutomation - + + + + + + hasDataQuality + + hasDataQuality + + + - - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. - hasTemporalCollectionSlice - A temporal part that is a collection. + + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. + hasTemporalItemSlice + A temporal part that is an item. - - - - - - hasVariable - hasVariable + + + + + + + + + + + + + hasCollaborationWith + hasCollaborationWith + + + + + + + + hasHolder + + hasHolder + + + + + + + + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. + hasSubProcess + The relation between a process and one of its process parts. @@ -1311,98 +1498,120 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be notOverlaps - + + - - - hasLab + + + hasAccessConditions - hasLab + hasAccessConditions - - - - + + + + + + hasSubCollection + hasSubCollection - - - - - hasSampleInspectionInstrument - - hasSampleInspectionInstrument + + + + + + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. + hasDeducer + A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - - - - - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. - hasQuantity - Relates the result of a semiotic process to ont of its optained quantities. + + + + + + hasFractionalCollection + hasFractionalCollection - - - - - - hasCharacterisationTask - - hasCharacterizationTask - hasCharacterisationTask + + + + + hasConventionalProperty + An object can be represented by a quantity for the fact that it has been recognized to belong to a specific class. + +The quantity is selected without an observation aimed to measure its actual value, but by convention. + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + hasConventionalProperty + Assigns a quantity to an object by convention. + An Hydrogen atom has the quantity atomic number Z = 1 as its conventional property. - + - + + - - - - - - hasReferenceSample - - hasReferenceSample + + + + + + hasFractionalMember + hasFractionalMember - - - - - - hasInstrumentForCalibration - - hasInstrumentForCalibration + + + + + + hasStage + hasStage - - + + + + + + hasSubObject + hasSubObject + + + + + + + + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + hasCogniser + A semiotic relation connecting an icon to a interpreter (cogniser) in a cognision process. + + + - - - hasAccessConditions + + hasCharacterisationComponent - hasAccessConditions + hasCharacterizationComponent + hasCharacterisationComponent - - - - - - - - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. - hasInterval - The relation between a process whole and a temporal part of the same type. + + + + + + hasMaximalCollection + hasMaximalCollection @@ -1414,216 +1623,36 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be hasBehaviour - - - - - - hasManufacturedOutput - hasManufacturedOutput - + + + + hasDimensionString + Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. + hasDimensionString + Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. + - - - - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. - hasTemporalSection - A temporal part that is not a slice. - - - - - - - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. - hasResourceIdentifier - Relates a resource to its identifier. - - - - - - - - hasMetricPrefix - Relates a prefixed unit to its metric prefix part. - hasMetricPrefix - - - - - - - hasOperator - - hasOperator - - - - - - - - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - hasMetrologicalUncertainty - Assigns a quantifiable uncertainty to an objective property through a well-defined procecure. - Since measurement uncertainty is a subclass of objective property, this relation can also describe the uncertainty of an measurement uncertainty. - - - - - - - - hasStatus - hasStatus - - - - - - - - hasMeasurementParameter - - hasMeasurementParameter - - - - - - - - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - hasIndex - A semiotic relation that connects a deduced semiotic object to an indexin a deduction process. - - - - - - - - hasInteractionWithSample - - hasInteractionWithSample - - - - - - - hasDataset - - hasDataset - - - - - - - - hasMeasurementTime - - hasMeasurementTime - - - - - - - - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - hasDeducer - A semiotic relation connecting an index sign to the interpreter (deducer) in a deduction process. - - - - - - hasModel - hasModel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - hasSamplePreparationParameter - - hasSamplePreparationParameter - - - - - - - - hasCollaborationWith - hasCollaborationWith - - - - - - - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - hasPhysicsOfInteraction - - - - - - - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - hasOutcome - The relation between a process and the entity that represents how things have turned out. - - - - - - - - hasSampleForInspection - - hasSampleForInspection - - - - - - - - hasFractionalMember - hasFractionalMember - + + + + + + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + hasNumericalValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + - - - - + + + - hasDateOfCalibration - - hasDateOfCalibration + hasDataValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). + hasDataValue + The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. + This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). @@ -1638,6 +1667,17 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO symbol data entity. + + + + + + hasUniqueID + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + hasUniqueID + A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + + @@ -1649,35 +1689,21 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be A string representing the Manufacturer of a CharacterisationHardware - - - - hasDimensionString - Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - hasDimensionString - Relates a SI dimensional unit to a dimension string. - - - - + + - + - hasUniqueID - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware - hasUniqueID - A string representing the UniqueID of a CharacterisationHardware + hasDateOfCalibration + + hasDateOfCalibration - - - - - - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. - hasNumericalValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO numerical data entity. + + + + hasURNValue + hasURNValue @@ -1688,18 +1714,6 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be hasURIValue - - - - - hasDataValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - hasDataValue - The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO data entity. - This is the superproperty of all data properties used to serialise a fundamental data type in the EMMO Data perspective. An entity can have only one data value expressing its serialisation (e.g. a Real entity cannot have two different real values). - - @@ -1711,6 +1725,13 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be A string representing the model of a CharacterisationHardware + + + + hasURLValue + hasURLValue + + @@ -1723,20 +1744,6 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be The owl:dataProperty that provides a serialisation of an EMMO string data entity. - - - - hasURLValue - hasURLValue - - - - - - hasURNValue - hasURNValue - - @@ -1745,52 +1752,42 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be - + - - + - - comment - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - A text that add some information about the entity. - comment - A text that add some information about the entity. - A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - - - - elucidation - An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. - elucidation - Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. - An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + + - - - - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - example - Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + + - - - - conceptualisation - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - conceptualisation - The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. - A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. - An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). + + + + + + + + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html + https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM + omReference + IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + + + + + metrologicalReference + metrologicalReference @@ -1798,49 +1795,58 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be - - + + + - + - etymology - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - etymology - The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. - The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. + elucidation + An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. + Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. + elucidation + Short enlightening explanation aimed to facilitate the user in drawing the connection (interpretation) between a OWL entity and the real world object(s) for which it stands. + An elucidation should address the real world entities using the concepts introduced by the conceptualisation annotation. - + - + + + + - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - https://www.wikipedia.org/ - wikipediaReference - URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + IEVReference + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + https://www.electropedia.org/ + IEVReference + URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - + + + comment + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. + A text that add some information about the entity. + comment + A text that add some information about the entity. + A comment can be addressed to facilitate interpretation, to suggest possible usage, to clarify the concepts behind each entity with respect to other ontological apporaches. - - - - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - https://www.wikidata.org/ - wikidataReference - URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + + - - + + + + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. + OWLDLRestrictedAxiom + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. @@ -1853,8 +1859,14 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be A link to a graphical representation aimed to facilitate understanding of the concept, or of an annotation. - - + + + + + iupacReference + DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC + https://goldbook.iupac.org/ + iupacReference @@ -1871,44 +1883,18 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) is a code system intended to include all units of measures being contemporarily used in international science, engineering, and business. The purpose is to facilitate unambiguous electronic communication of quantities together with their units. - - - - metrologicalReference - metrologicalReference - - - - - - - + - - - - - + - + - - - - ISO80000Reference - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en - ISO80000Reference - Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. - 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) - - @@ -1921,30 +1907,27 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be The term in the International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) (JCGM 200:2008) that corresponds to the annotated term in EMMO. - - - - IEVReference - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). - https://www.electropedia.org/ - IEVReference - URL for the entry in the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV). + + + + + + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + uneceCommonCode + The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - + - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - OWLDLRestrictedAxiom - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - - - - - ISO14040Reference - ISO14040Reference + conceptualisation + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + conceptualisation + The conceptualisation annotation is a comment that helps the reader to understand how the world has been conceptualised by the ontology authors. + A conceptualisation is the preliminary step behind each theory, preceding each logical formalisation. The readers approaching an ontology entity should first read the conceptualisation annotation to clearly understand "what we are talking about" and the accompanying terminology, and then read the elucidation. + An elucidation can provide references to external knowledge sources (i.e. ISO, Goldbook, RoMM). @@ -1958,41 +1941,33 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be A definition univocally determines a OWL entity using necessary and sufficient conditions referring to other OWL entities. - - - - - - - - - + - - - - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. - http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html - qudtReference - URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + + + + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. + example + Illustrative example of how the entity is used. - - + + + + etymology + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + etymology + The etymology annotation explains the origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning. + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + The etymology annotation is usually applied to rdfs:label entities, to better understand the connection between a label and the concept it concisely represents. - - - - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. - https://enterpriseintegrationlab.github.io/icity/OM/doc/index-en.html - https://github.com/HajoRijgersberg/OM - omReference - IRI to corresponding concept in the Ontology of units of Measure. + + @@ -2006,15 +1981,30 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be URL to corresponding dpbedia entry. - - + - - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. - uneceCommonCode - The UN/CEFACT Recommendation 20 provides three character alphabetic and alphanumeric codes for representing units of measurement for length, area, volume/capacity, mass (weight), time, and other quantities used in international trade. The codes are intended for use in manual and/or automated systems for the exchange of information between participants in international trade. + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + http://www.qudt.org/2.1/catalog/qudt-catalog.html + qudtReference + URL to corresponing entity in QUDT. + + + + + + + + + + + ISO80000Reference + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en + ISO80000Reference + Corresponding item number in ISO 80 000. + 3-1.1 (ISO80000 reference to length) @@ -2028,2077 +2018,2040 @@ A temporal part is not constraint to be causally self-connected, i.e. it can be The annotation should include an email address. - - - - ISO9000Reference - ISO9000Reference - - - - + + + + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. + https://www.wikidata.org/ + wikidataReference + URL corresponding to entry in Wikidata. - - + + - - + + - - + + - iupacReference - DOI to corresponding concept in IUPAC - https://goldbook.iupac.org/ - iupacReference + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. + https://www.wikipedia.org/ + wikipediaReference + URL to corresponding Wikipedia entry. - + + + + ISO14040Reference + ISO14040Reference + + + - - + + - + + + + ISO9000Reference + ISO9000Reference + + + - - + - + - - + + + + + + - + - - + + + + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + Product + CommercialProduct + An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Product + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + Output + Product + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 + The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. + This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. +Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. +A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. +It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. + + + + + - + - + - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - Boson - A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson - + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - - - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - ExactConstant - Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + PhysicalConstant + Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. - - - - - HelmholtzEnergy - HelmholtzFreeEnergy - HelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 - 5-20.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 +With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants - + - - + + - - - Energy - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. - Energy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy - 5-20-1 - A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. +ISO 80000-1 + Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - - - - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - ThermodynamicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. +Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. + Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. + +For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + +However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + +For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + +As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). + — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, +— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and +— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. +ISO 80000-1 + PhysicalQuantity + A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - KermaRate - Time derivative of kerma. - KermaRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 - 10-86.2 - Time derivative of kerma. + + + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + KnownConstant + A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). + π refers to the constant number ~3.14 - + + + + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + Numerical + A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). + + + + + + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + Constant + A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + + + - - - ISQDerivedQuantity - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQDerivedQuantity - Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + + + + + T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - + - - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. - AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + + SIDimensionalUnit + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure + +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + SIDimensionalUnit + Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). + In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + +In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + +where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. +-- SI brouchure + +The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: + +^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ + +Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + +- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" +- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" +- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - + + + + ComplexPower + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + ComplexApparentPower + ComplexPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 + 6-59 + Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + + + - + + - - LinearEnergyTransfer - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - LinearEnergyTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 - 10-85 - Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 + + Power + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + Power + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power + 4-27 + 6-45 + Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 - + - + - - MagnetomotiveForce - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - MagnetomotiveForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 - 6-37.3 - Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + + + MolecularConcentration + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + MolecularConcentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 + 9-9.2 + Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - + - - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - ElectromagneticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + + + ISQDerivedQuantity + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQDerivedQuantity + Derived quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - - - - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - LightScattering - Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + + + + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + PhysioChemicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - - - - OpticalTesting - - OpticalTesting + + + + Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + Concentration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration + the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 - - - - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. - PhysicalLaw - A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + + + + + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + SpeedOfLightInVacuum + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum + 6-35.2 + The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - NaturalLaw - A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. - - - - - - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - ElectronProbeMicroanalysis - Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. - - - - - - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - Microscopy - Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - - - + - + - - - ElectricPotential - The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar -field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - ElectroStaticPotential - ElectricPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential - 6-11.1 - Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - - - - - - - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Extensive - A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. - Mass -Volume -Entropy - + Speed + Length per unit time. - - - - - DegreeOfDissociation - Dissociation may occur stepwise. - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - DissociationFraction - DegreeOfDissociation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 - 9-43 - ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 +Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. + Speed + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed + 3-8.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - + - - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. - PhysioChemicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-9. + + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. + SIExactConstant + Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - + - - + + + - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - ISQDimensionlessQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless - A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 + + + + Velocity + The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + +-- IEC, note 2 + The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. + +-- IEC, note 1 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + Velocity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 + Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. + +-- ISO 80000-3 + 3-8.1 + 3‑10.1 - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. - The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. - In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter - Measuring instrument + + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + LinearArray + 1DArray + Vector + 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - + - - - - - T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Intensive + A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. + Temperature +Density +Pressure +ChemicalPotential - + - - SIDimensionalUnit - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). + + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + SpaceAndTimeQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, + + + + + NucleonNumber + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + MassNumber + NucleonNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number + 10-1.3 + number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η + + + + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + AtomicAndNuclearPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-10. + -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure + + + + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: +This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ +There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. + PureNumberQuantity + A pure number, typically the number of something. + 1, +i, +π, +the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: + + + + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + AmperiometricDetection + AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve + Chronoamperometry + Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" - SIDimensionalUnit - Dimensional unit with its physical dimensionality described accortind to the International System of Units (SI). - In SI are the physical dimensions of the base quantities time (T), length (L), mass (M), electric current (I), thermodynamic temperature (Θ), amount of substance (N) and luminous intensity (J). - -In general the dimension of any quantity Q is written in the form of a dimensional product, - - dim Q = T^α L^β M^γ I^δ Θ^ε N^ζ J^η - -where the exponents α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η, which are generally small integers, which can be positive, negative, or zero, are called the dimensional exponents. --- SI brouchure - -The SI dimensional units are equivalent to dimensional strings that uniquely defines their dimensionality by specifying the values of the coefficients α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ and η. A dimensional string is a space-separated string of the physical dimension symbols followed by the value of the exponent (including it sign). They should always match the following regular expression: - -^T([+-][1-9]|0) L([+-][1-9]|0) M([+-][1-9]|0) I([+-][1-9]|0) Θ([+-][1-9]|0) N([+-][1-9]|0) J([+-][1-9]|0)$ - -Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units are: - -- AmountOfSubstanceUnit <=> "T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0" -- TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" -- ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0" + + + + Amperometry + Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + Amperometry + The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - RatioQuantity - Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + + + + + + + + + ExposureRate + Time derivative of exposure. + ExposureRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 + 10-89 + Time derivative of exposure. + -Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 - RatioQuantity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio - The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. - refractive index, -volume fraction, -fine structure constant + + + + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + + + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + SimulationApplication + An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. + An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - CharacterisationWorkflow - A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + + + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R + MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 + 10-87 + For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - + + - - - - - - + + - + + + SpecificActivity + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + MassicActivity + SpecificActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 + 10-28 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 + + + + - - + + - CharacterisationTask - - CharacterisationTask + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + EngineeredMaterial + ProcessedMaterial + ManufacturedMaterial + A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - - - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. - ContinuumModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + + + + ResonanceEscapeProbability + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 + 10-68 + In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - - - - - - - T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AccelerationUnit - AccelerationUnit + + + + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. + Probability + Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 - - - - OpenCircuitHold - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - OCVHold - OpenCircuitHold - A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + + + + Riveting + Riveting - - - - Potentiometry - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - Potentiometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + FormingJoin + FormingJoin - + + + DiscreteData + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + DiscreteData + Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. + A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. + A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. +Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. + + + - - - - - - - - - DoseEquivalent - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - DoseEquivalent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent - 10-83.1 - A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 + + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - + - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. - Intensive - A quantity whose magnitude is independent of the size of the system. - Temperature -Density -Pressure -ChemicalPotential + ISO80000Categorised + ISO80000Categorised - - + + + + Determined + Determined + + + + + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + Declared + A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + + + - + - + - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - PhysicalObject - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + CompositePhysicalParticle + A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - RedAntiQuark - RedAntiQuark + + + + Gluing + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + Kleben + Gluing - - + + + + + + + + + + + IonNumberDensity + Number of ions per volume. + IonDensity + IonNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 + 10-62.2 + Number of ions per volume. + + + + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit + LuminousIntensityUnit - + + + + Nailing + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). + Nageln + Nailing + + + + + + + MassDefect + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + MassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 + 10-21.2 + Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + - - - Power - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - Power - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Power - 4-27 - 6-45 - Rate of transfer of energy per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04792 + + Mass + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + Mass + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass + 4-1 + Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - - - - ConventionalProperty - A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - ConventionalProperty - A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. - The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. - -If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. - -Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. + + + + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + CommandLanguage + An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. + Unix shell. +Batch programming languages. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - - - - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - PhysicalProperty - QuantitativeProperty - ObjectiveProperty - A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + + + + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + ConstructionLanguage + A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages + -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + + + + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + GammaSpectrometry + Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - + - - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - CharacterisationHardware - Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + + Spectrometry + + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. + Spectrometry + Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - + - + + - - ElectricResistance - Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - Resistance - ElectricResistance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 - 6-46 - Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 + + Volume + Extent of an object in space. + Volume + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume + 3-4 - - - - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - Metrological - A language entity used in the metrology discipline. - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + + + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Note that not all physical quantities can be categorised as being either intensive or extensive. For example the square root of the mass. + Extensive + A quantity whose magnitude is additive for subsystems. + Mass +Volume +Entropy - - - - - WorkFunction - Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - ElectronWorkFunction - WorkFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 - 12-24.1 - least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 + + + BlueBottomAntiQuark + BlueBottomAntiQuark - - - - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. - CondensedMatterPhysicsQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-12. + + + + StepChronopotentiometry + + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + StepChronopotentiometry + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - - - Gyroradius - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. - LarmorRadius - Gyroradius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 - 10-17 - Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + + + + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + Chronopotentiometry + Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Radius - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - Radius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius - 3-1.6 - Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius + + + + + MaterialTreatment + esce workpiece + Has shaped bodies as input and output. + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + DIN 8580:2020 + Stoffeigenschaft ändern + WorkPieceTreatment + MaterialTreatment + The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + Has shaped bodies as input and output. - - + + + + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + ContinuumManufacturing + MaterialsProcessing + A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. + Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. + A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + + + + - - + + - - - VolumeFlowRate - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - VolumetricFlowRate - VolumeFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 - 4-31 - Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate - - - - - - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - MechanicalQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - - - - - CeramicMaterial - CeramicMaterial + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Manufacturing + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + Manufacturing + The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. + Deals with entities that have a defined shape. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren - + - StepChronopotentiometry - - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - StepChronopotentiometry - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod + ICI + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - - - - - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - PhysicsEquation - An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. - The Newton's equation of motion. -The Schrödinger equation. -The Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + + Service + IntangibleProduct + Service + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 - - + + - - + + - - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedModel - A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + Project + IntentionalProcess + A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - - + + - - + + - - - Equation - An equation with variables can always be represented as: + + + MagneticDipoleMoment + For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: -f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) + W = g μ M B -where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - Equation - The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. - 2+3 = 5 -x^2 +3x = 5x -dv/dt = a -sin(x) = y +where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. + +-- ISO 80000 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + MagneticDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 + 10-9.1 + 6-30 + Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: + + ΔW = −μ · B + http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 - + - - SpinQuantumNumber - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - SpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 - 10-13.5 - Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. + ElectromagneticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-6. - + - - - QuantumNumber - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - QuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 - 10-13.1 - Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + + + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 + 12-36.2 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - - - - SquareWaveVoltammetry - - Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. - The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped - The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - OSWV - OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry - SWV - SquareWaveVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 - voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + MagneticFluxDensity + Often denoted B. + Strength of the magnetic field. + MagneticInduction + MagneticFluxDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 + 6-21 + Strength of the magnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 - + + + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + TemporallyRedundant + A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + - - Voltammetry + + XrayPowderDiffraction - The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - Voltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 - Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + XRPD + XrayPowderDiffraction + a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction - + - - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - EBSD - ElectronBackscatterDiffraction - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + XrayDiffraction + + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + XRD + XrayDiffraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 + a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography - + - - ScanningElectronMicroscopy + + Porosimetry - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - SEM - ScanningElectronMicroscopy - The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + Porosimetry - + - - ScatteringAndDiffraction - - ScatteringAndDiffraction + + CharacterisationTechnique + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + Characterisation procedure + Characterisation technique + CharacterisationTechnique + The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). + A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - + + + + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + ProductionEngineeringProcess + TechnologyProcess + Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + + + - T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - - - - - - - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere - FermiAnglularRepetency - FermiAnglularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 - 12-9.2 - angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + PerAmountUnit + PerAmountUnit - + - - - AngularWavenumber - Magnitude of the wave vector. - AngularRepetency - AngularWavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 - 3-22 - Magnitude of the wave vector. + + Porosity + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + Porosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 + Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 - + - - MagneticSusceptibility - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - MagneticSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 - 6-28 - Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + RatioQuantity + Quantities defined as ratios `Q=A/B` having equal dimensions in numerator and denominator are dimensionless quantities but still have a physical dimension defined as dim(A)/dim(B). + +Johansson, Ingvar (2010). "Metrological thinking needs the notions of parametric quantities, units and dimensions". Metrologia. 47 (3): 219–230. doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012. ISSN 0026-1394. + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/3/012 + RatioQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DimensionlessRatio + The class of quantities that are the ratio of two quantities with the same physical dimensionality. + refractive index, +volume fraction, +fine structure constant - - - - ACVoltammetry - - The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - ACV - ACVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 - voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + ScientificTheory + A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - - - - - - - - - - - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - CondensedMatter - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + + + Observed + Observed + The biography of a person met by the author. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpQuarkType - UpQuarkType + + + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + Objective + A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. + + + + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. + The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - PhysicalConstant - Physical constants are categorised into "exact" and measured constants. +It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. -With "exact" constants, we refer to physical constants that have an exact numerical value after the revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physical_constants +In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument + Theory + A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. - In the same system of quantities, dim ρB = ML−3 is the quantity dimension of mass concentration of component B, and ML−3 is also the quantity dimension of mass density, ρ. -ISO 80000-1 - Measured or simulated 'physical propertiy'-s are always defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective and measurement is done according to the same model. - -Systems of units suggests that this is the correct approach, since except for the fundamental units (length, time, charge) every other unit is derived by mathematical relations between these fundamental units, implying a physical laws or definitions. - Measurement units of quantities of the same quantity dimension may be designated by the same name and symbol even when the quantities are not of the same kind. - -For example, joule per kelvin and J/K are respectively the name and symbol of both a measurement unit of heat capacity and a measurement unit of entropy, which are generally not considered to be quantities of the same kind. + + + Capacitance + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + ElectricCapacitance + Capacitance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance + 6-13 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 + -However, in some cases special measurement unit names are restricted to be used with quantities of specific kind only. + + + + + CountingUnit + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + CountingUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM + 1 + Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. + Unit of atomic number +Unit of number of cellular +Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + -For example, the measurement unit ‘second to the power minus one’ (1/s) is called hertz (Hz) when used for frequencies and becquerel (Bq) when used for activities of radionuclides. + + + DimensionlessUnit + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + DimensionlessUnit + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. + Refractive index +Plane angle +Number of apples + -As another example, the joule (J) is used as a unit of energy, but never as a unit of moment of force, i.e. the newton metre (N · m). - — quantities of the same kind have the same quantity dimension, -— quantities of different quantity dimensions are always of different kinds, and -— quantities having the same quantity dimension are not necessarily of the same kind. -ISO 80000-1 - PhysicalQuantity - A 'Mathematical' entity that is made of a 'Numeral' and a 'MeasurementUnit' defined by a physical law, connected to a physical entity through a model perspective. Measurement is done according to the same model. + + + + FractionUnit + Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this +is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). +-- SI Brochure + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + RatioUnit + FractionUnit + Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - - - - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. - It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid - Object that is processed with a machine - Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - They are not powders or threads - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - fili e polveri non sono compresi - it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. - it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape - powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them - Werkstück - WorkPiece - A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + + + + CriticalTemperature + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. + CriticalTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 + Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - + - - + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - TemperaturePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePerTimeUnit + + + + ThermodynamicTemperature + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + ThermodynamicTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature + 5-1 + Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 - - - - ShearForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - Schubumformen - ShearForming + + + + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + Mixture + A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - - + + - - + + - - - ElectricFlux - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - ElectricFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 - 6-17 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + + + + + + + + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + ChemicalElement + Atom + A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + +An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + +In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + +We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. + An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalStructure - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - CausalObject - CausalStructure - The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: -- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) -- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph - The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. - A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. - A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. -The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + + + + + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 + ChemicalEntity + MolecularEntity + Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. + Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. + Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. + Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. +Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, + This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). - + + + + + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + LinearAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 + 10-49 + In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + + + - + - - ThermalInsulance - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. - CoefficientOfThermalInsulance - ThermalInsulance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 - 5-11 - Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + ReciprocalLength + The inverse of length. + InverseLength + ReciprocalLength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength + The inverse of length. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - - + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 - - - - Measurement - A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - Measurement - An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. - measurement + + EntropyPerAmountUnit + EntropyPerAmountUnit - - + + - - - - - - + + - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - Observation - A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + + FineStructureConstant + A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. + FineStructureConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 - - - - Procedure - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - Elaboration - Work - Procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. - The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). -The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. -The execution of an algorithm. - A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + + + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + MeasuredConstant + For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - - - - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - VerfestigendurchWalzen - HardeningByRolling - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PerAreaUnit + PerAreaUnit - - - - HardeningByForming - Verfestigen durch Umformen - HardeningByForming + + + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + SpatialTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - + - - - AmountFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - MoleFraction - AmountFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction - The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 + + DisplacementCurrent + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + DisplacementCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 + 6-19.1 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - - - - - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - SpeedOfLightInVacuum - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/SpeedOfLight_Vacuum - 6-35.2 - The speed of light in vacuum. Defines the base unit metre in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05854 - - - + - + - - Speed - Length per unit time. - -Speed in the absolute value of the velocity. - Speed - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Speed - 3-8.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05852 - - - - - - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - SIExactConstant - Physical constant that by definition (after the latest revision of the SI system that was enforsed May 2019) has a known exact numerical value when expressed in SI units. - - - - - - ThermochemicalTesting - - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - TMA - ThermochemicalTesting - Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - - - - - - CharacterisationTechnique - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - Characterisation procedure - Characterisation technique - CharacterisationTechnique - The description of the overall characterisation technique. It can be composed of different steps (e.g. sample preparation, calibration, measurement, post-processing). - A characterisation technique is not only related to the measurement process which can be one of its steps. + + + ElectricCurrent + A flow of electric charge. + ElectricCurrent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent + 6-1 + A flow of electric charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - + - - - MassConcentration - Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - MassConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 + + + DebyeWallerFactor + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. + DebyeWallerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 + 12-8 + Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - Density - Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. - MassConcentration - MassDensity - Density - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density - 4-2 - 9-10 - Mass per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + ISQDimensionlessQuantity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Dimensionless + A quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned and with a corresponding unit of measurement in the SI of the unit one. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensionless_quantity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01742 - - - - Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - Concentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Concentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686031 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Concentration - the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01222 + + + + HardeningByForming + Verfestigen durch Umformen + HardeningByForming - + - - - - - - - - - - ThomsonCoefficient - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - ThomsonCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 - 12-23 - quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + + + MeanFreePath + The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + MeanFreePath + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 + 9-38 + in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 - + - - - - - - - - - JouleThomsonCoefficient - JouleThomsonCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 - 5-24 + + PathLength + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + ArcLength + PathLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length + 3-1.7 + Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length - - + + + + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + Shape4x3Matrix + A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - ParticleConcentration - ParticleConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 - 9-9.1 + + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + 2DArray + Matrix + 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - + - + + - - + + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - MolecularConcentration - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. - MolecularConcentration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolecularConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88865973 - 9-9.2 - Number of molecules of a substance in a mixture per volume. + + LengthPerAmountUnit + LengthPerAmountUnit - - - - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. - VolumetricNumberDensity - Count per volume. - + + + + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + Subclasses of 'ObjectiveProperty' classify objects according to the type semiosis that is used to connect the property to the object (e.g. by measurement, by convention, by modelling). + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - - - - - - - - - - - ParticleNumberDensity - Mean number of particles per volume. - ParticleNumberDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 - 10-62.1 - Mean number of particles per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. + PhysicalProperty + QuantitativeProperty + ObjectiveProperty + A quantity that is obtained from a well-defined procedure. + The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. + +This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - + + + + MetrologicalUncertainty + In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. + MetrologicalUncertainty + The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. + - Standard deviation +- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability + Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + - - - - - - - - - LatticeVector - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - LatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 - 12-1.1 - translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + + + StandardEquilibriumConstant + ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant + StandardEquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 + 9-32 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 - + - - Displacement - vector quantity between any two points in space - Displacement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) - 3-1.11 - vector quantity between any two points in space - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) + + + EquilibriumConstant + The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis + EquilibriumConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 + for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 - + + + + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + GrandPartionFunction + GrandCanonicalPartionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 + 9-35.3 + + + + - - + + - - - DiffusionArea - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - DiffusionArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 - 10-72.2 - One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. - - - - - - - - - - + + + 1 - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - JunctionTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. - + + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. - - - - Wavelength - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - Wavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength - 3-19 - Length of the repetition interval of a wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + CalibrationProcess + Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. + In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. + Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - - + + - - + + - - - Length - Extend of a spatial dimension. - Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. - Length - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length - 3-1.1 - Extend of a spatial dimension. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - - - - - - + - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - FrequencyUnit - FrequencyUnit + + + + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure. + The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts. + In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter + Measuring instrument - - - - - - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 - - - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + + + + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + Gas + Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - - - - - Service - IntangibleProduct - Service - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-4:v1:en:term:3.7.7 - - - - - - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - CommandLanguage - An interpreted computer language for job control in computing. - Unix shell. -Batch programming languages. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_language - - - - - - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - ConstructionLanguage - A computer language by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_construction#Construction_languages - - - - - - - ActivityCoefficient - ActivityCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 - 9-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 + + + + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + DMA + DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy + Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - + - - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - HydrodynamicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 - Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Spectroscopy + + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. + Spectroscopy + Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - - - - - - T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - EnergyAreaUnit - EnergyAreaUnit + + + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. + MeasurementProcedure + ProcedureUnit + A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. + Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) + Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - + - + - - AreaDensity - Mass per unit area. - AreaDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 + + Magnetization + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + Magnetization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 + 6-24 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - + - + - - - - - - - + + - TopAntiQuark - TopAntiQuark - - - - - - - MassFractionOfWater - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - MassFractionOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 - 5-31 - Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. - - - - - - - MassFraction - Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. - MassFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction - 9-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - - - - - - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - LightAndRadiationQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - - - - - - ISO80000Categorised - ISO80000Categorised - - - - - + - - - - - - - + + - DownAntiQuarkType - DownAntiQuarkType + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + CausalSystem + A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). + A non-path causal structure + A electron binded by a nucleus. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + ClassicallyDefinedMaterial + + + + + + + Material + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + Material + The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. + A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. + Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. + + + - - - - - - - - - - AmountConcentration - The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. - Concentration - MolarConcentration - Molarity - AmountConcentration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 + + + TotalAngularMomentum + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. + TotalAngularMomentum + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 + 10-11 + Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - + - + - - HallCoefficient - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - HallCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 - 12-19 - The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + + AngularMomentum + Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. + AngularMomentum + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum + 4-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - + - - - - - - - - - EquilibriumPositionVector - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - EquilibriumPositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 - 12-7.2 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + + + + RelativeHumidity + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. + RelativeHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 + 5-33 + Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - ChemicalSubstance - Molecule - An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. - H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ - An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. -An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. - This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. -Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. -e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). + + + + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. + ThermodynamicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-5. - - - - - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986 - ChemicalEntity - MolecularEntity - Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction. - Hydrogen molecule is an adequate definition of a certain molecular entity for some purposes, whereas for others it is necessary to distinguish the electronic state and/or vibrational state and/or nuclear spin, etc. of the hydrogen molecule. - Methane, may mean a single molecule of CH4 (molecular entity) or a molar amount, specified or not (chemical species), participating in a reaction. The degree of precision necessary to describe a molecular entity depends on the context. - Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. -Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species, - This concept is strictly related to chemistry. For this reason an atom can be considered the smallest entity that can be considered "molecular", including nucleus when they are seen as ions (e.g. H⁺, He⁺⁺). + + + + + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 + ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - - - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. - Declared - A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention. + + + + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + DataAcquisitionRate + Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - + @@ -4107,60 +4060,34 @@ Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or - + - - - - - - - - - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. - Conventional - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. - - - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - - - - - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - HiggsBoson - An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + Property + A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. + Hardness is a subclass of properties. +Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. + The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. + A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - - + + - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). -A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. - PhysicsEquationSolution - A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. - A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + MathematicalOperator + A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. + The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. + The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. - + Mathematical A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions. @@ -4169,47 +4096,6 @@ A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules. - - - - Calendering - Calendering - - - - - - FormingFromPlastic - FormingFromPlastic - - - - - - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - FunctionallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - - - Material - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - Material - The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases. - A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found. - Material usually means some definite kind, quality, or quantity of matter, especially as intended for use. - - - - - - Spacing - Spacing - - @@ -4234,1510 +4120,1052 @@ Symbols of a formal language must be capable of being specified without any refe The class is the idea of the symbol, while the individual of that class stands for a specific mark (or token) of that idea. - - - - - - - 2 - - - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - Collection - A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. -A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. -The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. - The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. - The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. - - - - - - ConductometricTitration - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - ConductometricTitration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 - Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + InternalConversionFactor + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. + InternalConversionCoefficient + InternalConversionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 + 10-35 + Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - - - - Conductometry - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Conductometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 - Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. - Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiLepton + AntiLepton - + - T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthTimePerMassUnit - LengthTimePerMassUnit + PressureUnit + PressureUnit - - - - - StandardAbsoluteActivity - Property of a solute in a solution. - StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 - 9-26 - Property of a solute in a solution. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalStructure + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + CausalObject + CausalStructure + The most fundamental unity criterion for the definition of an structure is that: +- is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) +- all quantum parts form a causally connected graph + The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes. + A self-connected composition of more than one quantum entities. + A causal structure expresses itself in time and space thanks to the underlying causality relations between its constituent quantum entities. It must at least provide two temporal parts. +The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most general concept of structure) is the existence of an undirected causal path between each of its parts. - + - - - AbsoluteActivity - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - AbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 - 9-18 - The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 + + + PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + PlanckConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant + The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 - - - - - - - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticReluctanceUnit - MagneticReluctanceUnit + + + + SampleInspection + + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + SampleInspection + Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. + In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. - - - - - - - - - - - Magnetization - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - Magnetization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Magnetization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-52 - 6-24 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the magnetic area moment m of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + + + + Sample + + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Specimen + Sample + Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. + Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - - - - - LinearIonization - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - LinearIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 - 10-58 - Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + + + + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedSimulation + A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - - - - - - - - - - ReciprocalLength - The inverse of length. - InverseLength - ReciprocalLength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseLength - The inverse of length. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_length + + + + + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + Modelling + Simulation + A estimation of a property using a functional icon. + I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. - - - + + - - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + MathematicalModel + A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. + +Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + MathematicalModel + An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - + - + - - - ScalarMagneticPotential - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - ScalarMagneticPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 - 6-37.1 - Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. - - - - - - InternalEnergy - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - ThermodynamicEnergy - InternalEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy - 5.20-2 - A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - - - - - - - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 - 10-60 - Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + ChemicalAffinity + AffinityOfAChemicalReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 + 9-30 + Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 - + - - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode - Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + PseudoOCV + PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - - - + + - - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + + - PerVolumeUnit - PerVolumeUnit - + SemioticObject + Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - - - - - NuclearRadius - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - NuclearRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 - 10-19.1 - Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, +The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. + +In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + Object + SemioticObject + The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - - + + - - + + + - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - NonPrefixedUnit - A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - + Sign + A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - - - - - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - MaximumBetaParticleEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 - 10-33 - Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. +A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). + +Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. + According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: +- symbols: that stand for an object through convention +- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity +- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + Sign + An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. + A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). + +Each of them are 'sign'-s. + +A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. + +The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. + +For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. - - - - - - - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - ThermalConductanceUnit - ThermalConductanceUnit + + + + + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Artifact + Engineered + TangibleProduct + ManufacturedProduct + An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. + Car, tire, composite material. - - - - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - VPO - VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + + + Process + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). + +For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. + Occurrent + Perdurant + Process + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - - - - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - Osmometry - Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + + + + + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + State + Status + An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. - - + + - - + - - - - AtomicMass - Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. - The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - AtomicMass - The mass of an atom in the ground state. - 10-4.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - + + - - - Mass - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - Mass - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mass - 4-1 - Property of a physical body that express its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03709 - + + + + + + + + + + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. - - - - - QualityFactor - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 - 10-82 - Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. +On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. + Interpreter + The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. + For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). + +The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). - - - GreenBottomQuark - GreenBottomQuark + + + + Signal + + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + Signal + According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). + Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. + Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - - - - - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. - NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 - 10-74.2 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + + + + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + CharacterisationData + Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - + - - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - According to the SI brochure counting does not automatically qualify a quantity as an amount of substance. - -This quantity is used only to describe the outcome of a counting process, without regard of the type of entities. - -There are also some quantities that cannot be described in terms of the seven base quantities of the SI, but have the nature of a count. Examples are a number of molecules, a number of cellular or biomolecular entities (for example copies of a particular nucleic acid sequence), or degeneracy in quantum mechanics. Counting quantities are also quantities with the associated unit one. - PureNumberQuantity - A pure number, typically the number of something. - 1, -i, -π, -the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom + + + AmountFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + MoleFraction + AmountFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MoleFraction + The amount of a constituent divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00296 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalInteraction - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. - FundamentalInteraction - A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. -Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. -This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). - A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. - A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 + 9-27.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - CausalSystem - A causal system provides the most general concept of system, being a union of causal structures interacting together. In its most simple form, a causal system is an interlacement of causal paths (the most simple structure type). - A non-path causal structure - A electron binded by a nucleus. + + + + + AbsoluteActivity + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + AbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56638155 + 9-18 + The exponential of the ratio of the chemical potential to R*T where R is the gas constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00019 - + - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - VolumePerAmountUnit - VolumePerAmountUnit + + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 + 10-13.3 + Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - + - - - - ThermalDiffusionFactor - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 - 9-40.2 - Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + + + QuantumNumber + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. + QuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232431 + 10-13.1 + Number describing a particular state of a quantum system. - + - - ThermalDiffusionRatio - ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 - 9-40.1 + + ChargeNumber + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. + The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. + IonizationNumber + ChargeNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number + 10-5.2 + For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 - + - + - ParticleFluenceRate - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - ParticleFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 - 10-44 - Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + BohrMagneton + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + BohrMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 + 10-9.2 + Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - + - + + - - + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - - ElectricCurrentDensity - Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. - AreicElectricCurrent - CurrentDensity - ElectricCurrentDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 - 6-8 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 + + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - HolisticPart - Part - Role - An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. - In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). -Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + + + + + RybergConstant + The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. + RybergConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 - + - - - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 - 12-13 + + Wavenumber + The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. + Wavenumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + 3-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 - - - - Command - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. - Command - From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. - A command must be interpretable by the computer system. - Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. + + + + FlexuralForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + Biegeumformen + FlexuralForming - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - Workflow - A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + + + + + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + DIN 8580:2020 + Umformen + Forming + ReshapeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. + The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - ChargedWeakBoson - IntermediateVectorBoson - WBoson - A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy + Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - CausalChain - Elementary - CausalPath - A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. - The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. - An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. - hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + + + + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. + Microscopy + Microscopy is a category of characterization techniques which probe and map the surface and sub-surface structure of a material. These techniques can use photons, electrons, ions or physical cantilever probes to gather data about a sample's structure on a range of length scales. - + + + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + BaseQuantity + "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" +ISO 80000-1 + base quantity + + + + + + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + + + - - CoherenceLength - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - CoherenceLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 - 12-38.2 - Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + ElectronAffinity + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor + ElectronAffinity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 + 12-25 + energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - + - + - - ElectricCharge - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - Charge - ElectricCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 - 6-2 - The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - PhysicallyInteracting - A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. - - - - - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - AnalogData - Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. - A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. - The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + Energy + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + Energy is often defined as "ability of a system to perform work", but it might be misleading since is not necessarily available to do work. + Energy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Energy + 5-20-1 + A property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 - - - - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - BinaryData - DigitalData - Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - + + + + MeasuringInstrument + A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - - - DiscreteData - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - DiscreteData - Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema. - A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands. - A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. -Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules. - +-- VIM + MeasuringInstrument + Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - - - - - HalfLife - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. - HalfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 - 10-31 - Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. +-- VIM + measuring instrument - - - - Duration - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - Duration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 - 3-9 - Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + + + + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. + CharacterisationHardware + Whatever hardware is used during the characterisation process. - - - - - - HeatFlowRate - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - HeatFlowRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 - 5-7 - Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaUnit + AreaUnit - + - - - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - AreicHeatFlowRate - DensityOfHeatFlowRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 - 5-8 - Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 - - - - - - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - Chronopotentiometry - Potentiometry in which the potential is measured with time following a change in applied current. The change in applied current is usually a step, but cyclic current reversals or linearly increasing currents are also used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - BlueCharmAntiQuark - BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. + AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageEnergyLossPerElementaryChargeProduced + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98793042 + 10-60 + Quotient of the initial kinetic energy Ek of an ionizing charged particle and the total ionization Ni produced by that particle. - + - T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - MagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - - - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. - Sequence - A tessellation of temporal slices. + ElectricMobilityUnit + ElectricMobilityUnit - - + + - - + + - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - TemporalTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. - - - - - - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - CharacterisationProcedureValidation - Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + + + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 + 4-21.1 - - - ResourceIdentifier - - ResourceIdentifier + + + + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. + MechanicalQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-4. - + - - Susceptance - imaginary part of the admittance - Susceptance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 - 6-52.3 - imaginary part of the admittance + + + IonTransportNumber + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + CurrentFraction + TransferrenceNumber + IonTransportNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 + 9-46 + Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 - + - + - - - ElectricConductance - Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - Conductance - ElectricConductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 - 6-47 - Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 + + LinearEnergyTransfer + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + LinearEnergyTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearEnergyTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699996 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-30 + 10-85 + Measure for the energy lost by charged particles per traversed distance, including only interactions up to a given energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03550 - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ThirdGenerationFermion - ThirdGenerationFermion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. -For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] - Model - Simulacrum - Icon - A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. - A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. - An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. - - - - - - - - - - - - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - Experiment - An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. - - - - - - FormingFromPulp - FormingFromPulp + RedStrangeAntiQuark + RedStrangeAntiQuark - + - - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - da una forma non propria ad una forma propria - FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece - From Powder, from liquid, from gas - Powder: -particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size + + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + DIN 8580:2020 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + Werkstücke + DiscreteManufacturing + WorkpieceManufacturing + A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - GaugeBoson - A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. - All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. - Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson + MuonAntiNeutrino + MuonAntiNeutrino - + - + - GyromagneticRatio - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - GyromagneticCoefficient - MagnetogyricRatio - GyromagneticRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 - 10-12.1 - Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 + RecombinationCoefficient + Coefficient in the law of recombination, + RecombinationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 + 10-63 + Coefficient in the law of recombination, - - - - - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - SubProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. - In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - -Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + + + + + LarmonAngularFrequency + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. + LarmonAngularFrequency + 10-15.1 + Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - Process - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). - -For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept. - Occurrent - Perdurant - Process - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its temporal evolution that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - A process can be defined only according to an entity type. The minimum process is an entity made of two entities of the same type that are temporally related. + + + + AngularFrequency + Rate of change of the phase angle. + AngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency + 3-18 + Rate of change of the phase angle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 - - - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. - HolisticSpatialPart - NonTemporalRole - An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - - - - - Wavenumber - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - Repetency - Wavenumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber - 3-20 - Reciprocal of the wavelength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + WorkpieceForming + A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + ArchetypeForming + PrimitiveForming + WorkpieceForming - + - - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. - SpaceAndTimeQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-3. + + + + + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LorenzNumberUnit + LorenzNumberUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + + + + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + AreicElectricCharge + SurfaceChargeDensity + SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 + 6-4 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 - - - - ShearCutting - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). - Scherschneiden - ShearCutting + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricFluxDensity + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. + ElectricDisplacement + ElectricFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 + 6-12 + Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - - - - SampleExtraction - - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - SampleExtraction - Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. - The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + + + + + GibbsEnergy + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + GibbsFreeEnergy + GibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 + 5-20.5 + Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - + + + + + + + + + + + HeatCapacity + Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + HeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity + 5-15 + Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 + + + - - CharacterisationProcedure - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - CharacterisationProcedure - The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. - Sample preparation -Sample inspection -Calibration -Microscopy -Viscometry -Data sampling - Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + ShotPeening + Verfestigungsstrahlen + Peening + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - CompositePhysicalObject - The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicMassNumber + NucleonNumber + MassNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber + Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - - - - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. - FatigueTesting - Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + + + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + wärmebehandeln + HeatTreatment + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - MechanicalTesting - Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing + + + + PlasticModeling + PlasticModeling - + + + + FormingFromPlastic + FormingFromPlastic + + + - + - - IonNumberDensity - Number of ions per volume. - IonDensity - IonNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98831218 - 10-62.2 - Number of ions per volume. + + SurfaceMassDensity + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + AreicMass + SurfaceDensity + SurfaceMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 + 4-5 + at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - + + + - - - T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + + + + + - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + NonMaximal + Redundant + A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. + An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. - - - - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - ApplicationSpecificScript - A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. - Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. +If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - ScriptingLanguage - A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - Item - A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. -All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. -Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - -Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. - The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. - The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - - - - - - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - PhysicsBasedSimulation - A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - Replica - An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. - A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. - Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - - - - - - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - Measurer - An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - - - - - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - Observer - A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. - - - - - - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - NSE - NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy - Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - - - - - - Spectroscopy - - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy is a category of characterization techniques which use a range of principles to reveal the chemical composition, composition variation, crystal structure and photoelectric properties of materials. - - - - - - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. -This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. - The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. - MereologicalState - Arrangement - A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. - e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. - -If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. - - - - + + - - + + - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. - SpatialTiling - A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + Whole + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + Whole + The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. + A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - InductanceUnit - InductanceUnit - - - - - - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Heteronuclear - A molecule composed of more than one element type. - Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit + FrequencyPerVolumeUnit - + - - + - - T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - - - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - MeasurementSystemAdjustment - From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. - Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. - Adjustment + + + + AreaDensity + Mass per unit area. + AreaDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceDensity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - + + - - + + - - - BohrMagneton - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. - BohrMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737120 - 10-9.2 - Magnitude of the magnetic moment of an electron in a state with orbital angular momentum quantum number l=1 due to its orbital motion. + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. + TemporalTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal. @@ -5761,1487 +5189,1396 @@ If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03970 - + - - + - - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PerTimeMassUnit - PerTimeMassUnit + + + + VolumicTotalCrossSection + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + VolumicTotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 + 10-42.2 + Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Matter - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - PhysicalSubstance - Matter - The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. -It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. -A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. -Antimatter is a subclass of matter. - A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. - A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. - Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. + + + + + RelativePermittivity + Permittivity divided by electric constant. + RelativePermittivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 + 6-15 + Permittivity divided by electric constant. - - - + + - + - - + + + + + + + - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. - CompositePhysicalParticle - A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour. + StrangeAntiQuark + StrangeAntiQuark - - - - + + + + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + DPV + DifferentialPulseVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 + Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + - PerAreaUnit - PerAreaUnit - - - - - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - Cognised - A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. - A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. - - - - - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - PseudoscalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and odd parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - - - - - - - - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - - - - - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - The word objective does not mean that each observation will provide the same results. It means that the observation followed a well defined procedure. - -This class refers to what is commonly known as physical property, i.e. a measurable property of physical system, whether is quantifiable or not. - Objective - A coded conventional that is determined by each interpeter following a well defined determination procedure through a specific perception channel. - - - - - - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - The 'theory' is e.g. a proposition, a book or a paper whose sub-symbols suggest in the mind of the interpreter an interpretant structure that can represent a 'physical'. - -It is not an 'icon' (like a math equation), because it has no common resemblance or logical structure with the 'physical'. - -In Peirce semiotics: legisign-symbol-argument - Theory - A 'conventional' that stand for a 'physical'. - - - - - Estimated - Estimated - The biography of a person that the author have not met. + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. + CharacterisationWorkflow + A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - MomentOfIntertia - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - MomentOfIntertia - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 - 4-7 - Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - - - - - - Screwing - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). - Schrauben - Screwing - - - - - - Pressing - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - Anpressen - Pressing + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationTask + + CharacterisationTask - + - + - - VolumicCrossSection - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - MacroscopicCrossSection - VolumicCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 - 10-42.1 - In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - - - - - - - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - Expression - A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + Torque + Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + Torque + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque + 4-12.2 + The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 - - - + + + + - - + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - SymbolicConstruct - A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. - This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - - - - - - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - MeasurementDataPostProcessing - Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. - Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + + VolumeUnit + VolumeUnit - - - ProcessingReproducibility - - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - ProcessingReproducibility - Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Fluid + A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. + Gas, liquid, plasma, - - - - - MigrationLength - Square root of the migration area, M^2. - MigrationLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 - 10-73.3 - Square root of the migration area, M^2. + + + ContinuumSubstance + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + ContinuumSubstance + A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: +- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts +- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 + A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. + A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). + +A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. + A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. - - + + + - + - - - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - CharacterisationMeasurementTask - Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + + AtomicMass + Since the nucleus account for nearly all of the total mass of atoms (with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making minor contributions), the atomic mass measured in Da has nearly the same value as the mass number. + The atomic mass is often expressed as an average of the commonly found isotopes. + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + AtomicMass + The mass of an atom in the ground state. + 10-4.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_mass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00496 - + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + + + - - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - CharacterisationSoftware - A software application to process characterisation data - In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. + + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - + - - - StandardAbsoluteActivity - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture - StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 - 9-23 - For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + + ElectricImpedance + Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. + Impedance + ElectricImpedance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 + 6-51.1 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance - + - + - - ThermalResistance - The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - ThermalResistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 - 5-12 - Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + + ElectricResistance + Inverse of 'ElectricalConductance'. + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + Resistance + ElectricResistance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25358 + 6-46 + Measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01936 - + + + + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + Equipment + Machine + Device + An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. + + + + + + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, + Solution + A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + - - - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 - 9-29 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + + + + + + + + + ActivityDensity + Activity per unit volume of the sample. + ActivityConcentration + VolumetricActivity + VolumicActivity + ActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 + 10-29 + Activity per unit volume of the sample. - + - T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricMobilityUnit - ElectricMobilityUnit - - - - - - WorkpieceForming - A manufacturing in which it is formed a solid body with its shape from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - ArchetypeForming - PrimitiveForming - WorkpieceForming + PerPressureUnit + PerPressureUnit - + - HartreeEnergy - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - HartreeEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree - 10-8 - Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 + ResonanceEnergy + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. + ResonanceEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 + 10-37.2 + Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - - - - Probe - - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - Probe - Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. - In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. - In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. - In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) - In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). - In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry + + + + + RestMass + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + InvariantMass + ProperMass + RestMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity + 10-2 + For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass - + - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. - PrefixedUnit - A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + SubjectiveProperty + A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). + The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MeasurementUnit - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - MeasurementUnit - A metrological reference for a physical quantity. - kg -m/s -km - measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) - "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" -ISO 80000-1 - "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." + + + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. -"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." +This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. -https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf - Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. - Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - +A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. - - - - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - DataBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. +e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. + Subjective + A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. + The beauty of that girl. +The style of your clothing. - - - - - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - SimulationApplication - An application aimed to functionally reproduce an object. - An application that predicts the pressure drop of a fluid in a pipe segment is aimed to functionally reproduce the outcome of a measurement of pressure before and after the segment. + + + + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + Chromatography + In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography - - - - Broadcast - Broadcast + + + + MaterialRelation + A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + MaterialRelation + An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). + The Lennard-Jones potential. +A force field. +An Hamiltonian. - - + + - - + + - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - MixedTiling - A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. - + + + Equation + An equation with variables can always be represented as: - - - - Width - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. - Breadth - Width - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 - 3-1.2 - Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - +f(v0, v1, ..., vn) = g(v0, v1, ..., vn) - - - - - - - - - - - ThermalDiffusivity - ThermalDiffusionCoefficient - ThermalDiffusivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 - 5-14 +where f is the left hand and g the right hand side expressions and v0, v1, ..., vn are the variables. + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + Equation + The class of 'mathematical'-s that stand for a statement of equality between two mathematical expressions. + 2+3 = 5 +x^2 +3x = 5x +dv/dt = a +sin(x) = y - + - - AngularFrequency - Rate of change of the phase angle. - AngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-03 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_frequency - 3-18 - Rate of change of the phase angle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_frequency - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00352 + + Wavelength + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + Wavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-10 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavelength + 3-19 + Length of the repetition interval of a wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06659 - + - + - + - Frequency - Number of periods per time interval. - Frequency - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 - 3-15.1 - Number of periods per time interval. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 + Length + Extend of a spatial dimension. + Length is a non-negative additive quantity attributed to a one-dimensional object in space. + Length + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Length + 3-1.1 + Extend of a spatial dimension. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03498 - - - - - LarmonAngularFrequency - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - LarmonAngularFrequency - 10-15.1 - Angular frequency of the electron angular momentum vector precession about the axis of an external magnetic field. - - - - - - - GibbsEnergy - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - GibbsFreeEnergy - GibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-23 - 5-20.5 - Type of thermodynamic potential; useful for calculating reversible work in certain systems. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02629 - - - - - - - POH - Written as pOH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - POH - number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- -pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - - - - - - IonActivity - Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. - The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - IonActivity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 - ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - - - - - - PH - At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: -pH < 7 are acidic; -pH = 7 are neutral; -pH > 7 are alkaline. -At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - Written as pH - PH - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 - For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C - Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ -pH = −10 log(a_H+). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - - - - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - SIMS - SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + Item + A world entity is direct causally self-connected if any two parts that make up the whole are direct causally connected to each other. In the EMMO, topological connectivity is based on causality. +All physical objects, i.e. entities whose behaviour is explained by physics laws, are represented only by items. In other words, a physical object part is embedded in a direct causal graph that provides always a path between two of its parts. +Members of a collection lack such direct causality connection, i.e. they do not constitute a physical object. - - - - Spectrometry - - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. - Spectrometry - Spectroscopic techniques are numerous and varied, but all involve measuring the response of a material to different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the technique used, material characterization may be based on the absorption, emission, impedance, or reflection of incident energy by a sample. +Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected together within a network of causal relations, forming a connected causal graph. A collection is then a set of disconnected graphs. + The disjoint union of Elementary, Quantum and CausalSystem classes. + The class of individuals standing for direct causally self-connected world entities. - - - - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. - EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy - The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + + + + Letter + Letter - - - RedBottomQuark - RedBottomQuark + + + + GrowingCrystal + GrowingCrystal - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UpAntiQuark - UpAntiQuark + + + + FormingFromLiquid + FormingFromLiquid - + - T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - QuarticLengthUnit - QuarticLengthUnit - - - - - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - AnalogicalIcon - An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. - A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. - Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance - MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. - An icon that focus on HOW the object works. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). + DensityUnit + DensityUnit - + - - Tortuosity - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - Tortuosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 - Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - - - - - - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - ConfocalMicroscopy - Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - - - - - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - JosephsonConstantUnit - JosephsonConstantUnit - - - - - - ChargeDistribution - - ChargeDistribution + ThermalResistanceUnit + ThermalResistanceUnit - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - - - - Velocity - The velocity depends on the choice of the reference frame. Proper transformation between frames must be used: Galilean for non-relativistic description, Lorentzian for relativistic description. + + + + + + + + + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + In Peirce semiotics this kind of sign category is called symbol. However, since symbol is also used in formal languages, the name is changed in conventional. + Conventional + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' through convention, norm or habit, without any resemblance to it. + --- IEC, note 2 - The velocity is related to a point described by its position vector. The point may localize a particle, or be attached to any other object such as a body or a wave. - --- IEC, note 1 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - --- ISO 80000-3 - Velocity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Velocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11465 - Vector quantity giving the rate of change of a position vector. - --- ISO 80000-3 - 3-8.1 - 3‑10.1 - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. - LinearArray - 1DArray - Vector - 1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers. + + + + + + + + + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + Declarer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. + A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). + Someone who assigns a name to an object. - - - - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - PSA - PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis - Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + + + + + + + + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + Baryon + Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon - - - - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - GenerativeManufacturing - AdditiveManufacturing - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeFermion + CompositeFermion + Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: +spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron +spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + - Holistic - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + If object and sign belongs to the same class, then the sign is fuctional, diagrammatic and resemblance. +For example, when a Boeing 747 is used as a sign for another Boeing 747. + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] + Model + Simulacrum + Icon + A sign that stands for an object by resembling or imitating it, in shape, function or by sharing a similar logical structure. + A picture that reproduces the aspect of a person. + An equation that reproduces the logical connection of the properties of a physical entity. + -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + + + + + LossAngle + Arctan of the loss factor + LossAngle + https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 + 6-55 + Arctan of the loss factor + -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - Wholistic - Holistic - An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + + + + Angle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + PlaneAngle + Angle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle + Ratio of circular arc length to radius. + 3-5 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + -This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + + + + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + DataExchangeLanguage + A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. + JSON, YAML, XML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages + -The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. - The union of classes whole and part. - A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. - A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. - A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. + + + + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + ComputerLanguage + A formal language used to communicate with a computer. + The categorisation of computer languages is based on + +Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. +https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - FundamentalFermion - A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + GluonType5 + GluonType5 - + - - - BohrRadius - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - BohrRadius - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 - 10-6 - Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 + + + + + T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit + ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - + + + + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + Hardening + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + + - + - - ElectricDipoleMoment - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - ElectricDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 - 6-6 - An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 + + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 + 10-41 + Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - + - - JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - JosephsonConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant - Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + + + + + + + + + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. + EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 + 10-40 + Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - + + + + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 + Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + + + + + + + + + + + + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + DiffusionCoefficient + Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + + + + + + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + PulsedElectroacousticMethod + The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. + https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + + + + + + ChargeDistribution + + ChargeDistribution + + + + + + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + Chronocoulometry + Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + Coulometry + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + Coulometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 + Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + IonizationEnergy + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + IonizationEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 + 12-24.2 + Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 + + + + + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + EnergyTimePerAmountUnit + + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - GreenQuark - GreenQuark + PhysicallyInteractingConvex + PhysicallyInteractingConvex - - - - DefinedEdgeCutting - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined - Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden - DefinedEdgeCutting + + + + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - + + + + Voltammetry + + The current vs. potential (I-E) curve is called a voltammogram. + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + Voltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904093 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-11 + Voltammetry is an analytical technique based on the measure of the current flowing through an electrode dipped in a solution containing electro-active compounds, while a potential scanning is imposed upon it. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + MassFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. + Unit for mass fraction. + + + - + - + - - - - - - - - - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Characterisation - Determination - A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. - Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - - - - - - Angle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - PlaneAngle - Angle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlaneAngle - Ratio of circular arc length to radius. - 3-5 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - - - - ElectronAffinity - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - ElectronAffinity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105846486 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-22 - 12-25 - energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the lowest level of the conduction band in an insulator or semiconductor - - - - - - - Number - A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. - A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). - A numerical data value. - In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. -More than one numeral stands for the same number. -In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). -Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). -The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. -For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. - Numeral - Number - A numerical data value. - - - - - - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - Numerical - A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrangeQuark - StrangeQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark - - - - - - - - - - + + - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). - Property - A coded that makes use of an atomic symbol with respect to the code used to refer to the interaction. - Hardness is a subclass of properties. -Vickers hardness is a subclass of hardness that involves the procedures and instruments defined by the standard hardness test. - The name "red" which is atomic in the code made of the list of colors. - A property is atomic in the sense that is aimed to deliver one and one only aspect of the object according to one code, such as the color with one sign (e.g., black) or a quantitiative property (e.g., 1.4 kg). + Deduction + IndexSemiosis + Deduction - - + + - + - + + + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Job + Task + A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. + A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. +It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + + + + + + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + SystemProgram + System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. + An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + + + + + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + Path + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) +C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) + + + + + - - + + - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. - Determiner - An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Data + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 + Contrast + Dedomena + Pattern + Data + A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. + A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. +A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). +How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. +Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. + The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. - + - - MultiplicationFactor - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - MultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 - 10-78.1 - Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. - - - - - - - - - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - VolumeUnit - VolumeUnit + + Kerma + Kinetic energy released per mass. + Kerma + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 + 10-86.1 + Kinetic energy released per mass. - + - + - ChemicalPotential - Energy per unit change in amount of substance. - ChemicalPotential - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential - 9-17 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 + + + SpecificEnergy + Energy per unit mass + SpecificEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy + 5-21.1 + Energy per unit mass + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy - - - - SamplePreparationParameter - - Parameter used for the sample preparation process - SamplePreparationParameter - Parameter used for the sample preparation process + + + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + Description + A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. + A biography. + A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. + A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - - - + + + + - - + + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - SurfaceMassDensity - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - AreicMass - SurfaceDensity - SurfaceMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907514 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-10 - 4-5 - at a given point on a two-dimensional domain of quasi-infinitesimal area dA, scalar quantity equal to the mass dm within the domain divided by the area dA, thus ρA = dm/dA. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06167 - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondAxialMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91405496 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-29 - 4-21.1 + + PermeabilityUnit + PermeabilityUnit - - - - - LinearExpansionCoefficient - Relative change of length per change of temperature. - LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 - 5-3.1 - Relative change of length per change of temperature. + + + + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + AtomicForceMicroscopy + Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - + - - - - - - - - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. - ThermalExpansionCoefficient - CoefficientOfThermalExpansion - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 - Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + + PhaseVelocity + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + PhaseSpeed + PhaseVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity + 3-23.1 + For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity - + - - ThermochemicalTreatment - ThermochemicalTreatment + + SandMolds + SandMolds - + - - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - wärmebehandeln - HeatTreatment - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - - - - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process - CharacterisationData - Represents every type of data that is produced during a characterisation process + + FormingFromPowder + FormingFromPowder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. -Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). -A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - EncodedVariation - EncodedData - A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. - A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. - -Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). -Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. -Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. -Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). - A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data + + + + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. + Mud - + - + + - - + + T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Luminance - Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). - a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. - Luminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - - - - - CompositeMaterial - CompositeMaterial - - - - - - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. - Hazard - Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + MassPerLengthUnit + MassPerLengthUnit - + - - - ParticleEmissionRate - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - ParticleEmissionRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 - 10-36 - Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + + + ElectricSusceptibility + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + ElectricSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 + 6-16 + Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility - - + + - - + + - - ReciprocalDuration - InverseDuration - InverseTime - ReciprocalTime - ReciprocalDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 + + + + + + + + + + + + + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. + Workflow + A procedure that has at least two procedures (tasks) as proper parts. - - - - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. - Constant - A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown. + + + + Procedure + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + Elaboration + Work + Procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules. + The process in which a control unit of a CPU (the agent) orchestrates some cached binary data according to a list of instructions (e.g. a program). +The process in which a librarian order books alphabetically on a shelf. +The execution of an algorithm. + A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan. - - - - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. - NumericalVariable - A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + Hadron + Particles composed of two or more quarks. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Matter + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + PhysicalSubstance + Matter + The interpretation of the term "matter" is not univocal. Several concepts are labelled with this term, depending on the field of science. The concept mass is sometimes related to the term "matter", even if the former refers to a physical quantity (precisely defined by modern physics) while the latter is a type that qualifies a physical entity. +It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. +A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. +Antimatter is a subclass of matter. + A physical object made of fermionic quantum parts. + A matter entity exclude the presence of (real) fundamental bosons parts. However, it implies the presence of virtual bosons that are responsible of the interactions between the (real) fundamental fermions. + Matter includes ordinary- and anti-matter. It is possible to have entities that are made of particle and anti-particles (e.g. mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark pair) so that it is possible to have entities that are somewhat heterogeneous with regards to this distinction. + + + + + + Galvanizing + Galvanizing + + + + + + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + ArchetypeJoin + Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). + + + - - Diameter - The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - Diameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter - 3-1.5 - maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter + + + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. + MaximumBetaParticleEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MaximumBeta-ParticleEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148038 + 10-33 + Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted beta particle produced in the nuclear disintegration process. - - - - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - NaturalMaterial - A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + + + + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + EDS + EDX + EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 + An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy + + + + + + + Wavenumber + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + Repetency + Wavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192510 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-11 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Wavenumber + 3-20 + Reciprocal of the wavelength. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavenumber + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + + + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + PhysicalLaw + A law that provides a connection between a property of the object and other properties, capturing a fundamental physical phenomena. + + + + + + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + NaturalLaw + A scientific theory that focuses on a specific phenomena, for which a single statement (not necessariliy in mathematical form) can be expressed. + + + + + + + + + + + + AngularAcceleration + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + AngularAcceleration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration + 3-13 + vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration @@ -7257,1727 +6594,1171 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ThermalConductivityUnit - + - - - DebyeWallerFactor - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - DebyeWallerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Debye-WallerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902587 - 12-8 - Factor by which the intensity of a diffraction line is reduced because of the lattice vibrations. - - - - - - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - Chromatography - In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography + + + + + + + + + Permeance + Inverse of the reluctance. + Permeance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 + 6-40 + Inverse of the reluctance. - - - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. - NeutralAtom - A standalone atom that has no net charge. + + + + DrawForms + DrawForms - - - Object - A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). -However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. -In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. -To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - Continuant - Endurant - Object - A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - - - - - - - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - ObjectPart - Constituent - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. - A tire is a constituent of a car. - - - + - + + + + + + + - LatentHeat - LatentHeat - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 - 5-6.2 - - - - - - Heat - Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. - AmountOfHeat - Heat - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat - 5-6.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 + MassieuFunction + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + MassieuFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 + 5-22 + Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - - - - LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - LogarithmicUnit - http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit - A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. - Decibel - Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. - -It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units + + + + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - - - DimensionlessUnit - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - DimensionlessUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension. - Refractive index -Plane angle -Number of apples + + + + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + Liquid + A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - - - - - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. - DIN 8580:2020 - Umformen - Forming - ReshapeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which workpieces are produced from solid raw parts through permanent deformation, provided that neither material is added nor removed. - The mass of the raw part is equal to the mass of the finished part. + + + + + ShortRangeOrderParameter + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + ShortRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 + 12-5.1 + fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - + - - PositionVector - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - PositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) - 3-1.10 - Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) + + + + + + + + + + Permeability + Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . + ElectromagneticPermeability + Permeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability + 6-26.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - + - + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - RedQuark - RedQuark + UpQuark + UpQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - - - SampleInspection - - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - SampleInspection - Analysis of the sample in order to determine information that are relevant for the characterisation method. - In the Nanoindentation method the Scanning Electron Microscope to determine the indentation area. + + + + HardeningByForging + HardeningByForging - + - - - ThermoelectricVoltage - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - ThermoelectricVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 - 12-20 - Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + + Height + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + Height + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Height + 3-1.3 + Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height - + + + + MetallicPowderSintering + MetallicPowderSintering + + + + + + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion + https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering + Sintern + Sintering + Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. + Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. +Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. + + + - - Voltage - Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. - The difference in electric potential between two points. - ElectricPotentialDifference - ElectricTension - Voltage - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage - 6-11.3 - The difference in electric potential between two points. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + + + StaticFrictionCoefficient + CoefficientOfStaticFriction + StaticFrictionFactor + StaticFrictionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 + 4-23.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 - MaterialsModel - A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + + + + + CoefficientOfFriction + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + FrictionCoefficient + FrictionFactor + CoefficientOfFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 + Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 - - - MuonAntiNeutrino - MuonAntiNeutrino + + + + + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + SourceCode + A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. + A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + Software + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + + + + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Code + SoftwareCode + ProgrammingLanguage + A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. + A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. + Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + - + - - - - - - - - - Declaration - ConventionalSemiosis - Declaration + + AlgebricEquation + An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s + AlgebricEquation + 2 * a - b = c - + + + + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + DIN 8580:2020 + Trennen + CuttingManufacturing + SeparateManufacturing + A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - CalibrationTask - Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + AccessConditions + Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment + In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? - + + + + NominalProperty + "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + +"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + NominalProperty + An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. + CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + +A color is a nominal property. + +Sex of a human being. + nominal property + + + - + + - - LinearMassDensity - Mass per length. - LinearDensity - LineicMass - LinearMassDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 - 4-6 - Mass per length. + Entropy + Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. + May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. + Entropy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy + 5-18 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 - - - - ModulusOfAdmittance - ModulusOfAdmittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 - 6-52.4 + + + + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + Annealing + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - - - - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist - PhysicalPhenomenon - A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + + + + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + PSA + PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis + Two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential. Historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury. The accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry. The stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution. The time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution. + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - StyleSheetLanguage - A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. - CSS - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + EntropyUnit + EntropyUnit - - - - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - ComputerLanguage - A formal language used to communicate with a computer. - The categorisation of computer languages is based on - -Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R)): Version 3.0, January 2014. Editors Pierre Bourque, Richard E. Fairley. Publisher: IEEE Computer Society PressWashingtonDCUnited States. ISBN:978-0-7695-5166-1. -https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_language + + + + SpecificEnthalpy + Enthalpy per unit mass. + SpecificEnthalpy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 + 5-21.3 + Enthalpy per unit mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy - - + + - - - - - - + + + + + TotalMassStoppingPower + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + MassStoppingPower + TotalMassStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 + 10-55 + Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + + + + + - - - - + + + + - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - Declarer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an conventional sign and an object according to a specific convention. - A scientist that assigns a quantity to a physical objects without actually measuring it but taking it for granted due to its previous experience (e.g. considering an electron charge as 1.6027663e-19 C, assigning a molecular mass to a gas only by the fact of a name on the bottle). - Someone who assigns a name to an object. + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + Replica + An icon that not only resembles the object, but also can express some of the object's functions. + A small scale replica of a plane tested in a wind gallery shares the same functionality in terms of aerodynamic behaviour of the bigger one. + Pinocchio is a functional icon of a boy since it imitates the external behaviour without having the internal biological structure of a human being (it is made of magic wood...). - + - - - - - - - - FineStructureConstant - A fundamental physical constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles. - FineStructureConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/FineStructureConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02389 + + IsochoricHeatCapacity + Heat capacity at constant volume. + HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume + IsochoricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 + 5-16.3 + Heat capacity at constant volume. - - - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. - MeasuredConstant - For a given unit system, measured constants are physical constants that are not used to define the unit system. Hence, these constants have to be measured and will therefore be associated with an uncertainty. + + + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. + DataSet + Encoded data made of more than one datum. - - - - - Lethargy - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - Lethargy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 - 10-69 - Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + + + Quantum + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + Quantum + A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. +The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. +Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). +Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. + The class of entities without proper parts. + The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. + From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. +However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. + A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + DrawForming + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + DrawForming + + + + + + TensileForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. + Zugdruckumformen + TensileForming + + + + - - + + - - + + - + - + - EMMO - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - EMMO - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. - EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. -The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. -For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + PhysicalObject + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - + - - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - EIS - ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 - Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 + ElectrochemicalTesting + In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - + - - Impedimetry - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - Impedimetry - Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - ActivityOfSolute - RelativeActivityOfSolute - ActivityOfSolute - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 - 9-24 - - - - - - - IsentropicCompressibility - IsentropicCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 - 5-5.2 - - - - - - + + - - - Compressibility - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - Compressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 - 4-20 - Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - - - + + - - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - Theorization - Theorisation - The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - - - - - - + - - T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricChargeDensityUnit - ElectricChargeDensityUnit + + + + + + + + + SamplePreparation + + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + SamplePreparation + Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - - - - SizeDefinedMaterial - SizeDefinedMaterial + + + + CharacterisationProcedure + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + CharacterisationProcedure + The process of performing characterisation by following some existing formalised operative rules. + Sample preparation +Sample inspection +Calibration +Microscopy +Viscometry +Data sampling + Characterisation procedure may refer to the full characterisation process or just a part of the full process. - + - - - - RelativeHumidity - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - The relative humidity is often expressed in per cent. - RelativeHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeHumidity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2499617 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-65 - 5-33 - Ratio of the partial pressure p of water vapour in moist air to its partial pressure psat at saturation, at the same temperature φ = p/psat. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity#Relative_humidity + + GroupVelocity + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + GroupSpeed + GroupVelocity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity + 3-23.2 + Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity - + - - - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - For normal cases, the relative humidity may be assumed to be equal to relative mass concentration of vapour. - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. - RelativeMassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassConcentrationOfVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379357 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-66 - ratio of the mass concentration of water vapour v to its mass concentration at saturation vsat, at the same temperature, thus ψ = v/vsat. + + + LinearIonization + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. + LinearIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690755 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-03-115 + 10-58 + Differential quotient of q with respect to l, where q is the average total charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle over a path l, divided by the elementary charge. - - - - - SpecificEnergyImparted - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - SpecificEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 - 10-81.2 - In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + TopAntiQuark + TopAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - SpecificEnergy - Energy per unit mass - SpecificEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_energy - 5-21.1 - Energy per unit mass - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_energy + + + + SampleExtraction + + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. + SampleExtraction + Act of extracting a portion (amount) of material from a larger quantity of material. This operation results in obtaining a sample representative of the batch with respect to the property or properties being investigated. + The term can be used to cover either a unit of supply or a portion for analysis. The portion taken may consist of one or more sub-samples and the batch may be the population from which the sample is taken. - - - - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - ComputerScience - A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. - A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + + + + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + DynamicMechanicalAnalysis + Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - - - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - Naming - A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. - A unique id attached to an entity. + + + + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + MechanicalTesting + Mechanical testing covers a wide range of tests, which can be divided broadly into two types: 1. those that aim to determine a material's mechanical properties, independent of geometry; 2. those that determine the response of a structure to a given action, e.g. testing of composite beams, aircraft structures to destruction, etc. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_testing - + - + - Torque - Even though torque has the same physical dimension as energy, it is not of the same kind and can not be measured with energy units like joule or electron volt. - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - Torque - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Torque - 4-12.2 - The effectiveness of a force to produce rotation about an axis, measured by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the axis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06400 + + ThermalResistance + The name “thermal resistance” and the symbol R are used in building technology to designate thermal insulance. + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. + ThermalResistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-45 + 5-12 + Thermodynamic temperature difference divided by heat flow rate. - - - - - GrueneisenParamter - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - GrueneisenParamter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 - 12-14 - Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - - - - - - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - WearTesting - A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. - - - - - - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. - --- VIM - MeasuredProperty - A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. - - - - - - - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Artifact - Engineered - TangibleProduct - ManufacturedProduct - An object that has been designed and manufactured for a particular purpose. - Car, tire, composite material. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Product - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - Output - Product - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.4.2 - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en:term:3.9 - The overall lifetime of an holistic that has been the output of an intentional process. - This concepts encompass the overall lifetime of a product. -Is temporaly fundamental, meaning that it can have other products as holistic spatial parts, but its holistic temporal parts are not products. In other words, the individual must encompass the whole lifetime from creation to disposal. -A product can be a tangible object (e.g. a manufactured object), a process (e.g. service). It can be the outcome of a natural or an artificially driven process. -It must have and initial stage of its life that is also an outcome of a intentional process. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - ISQBaseQuantity - Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - BaseQuantity - "Quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no quantity in the subset can be expressed in terms of the other quantities within that subset" -ISO 80000-1 - base quantity - - - - - - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 - InternationalSystemOfQuantity - Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - Quark - The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - - - - - - ScanningKelvinProbe - - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - SKB - ScanningKelvinProbe - Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - - - - - Welding - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - Schweißen - Welding - - - - - - MeasuringInstrument - A measuring instrument that can be used alone is a measuring system. - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - MeasuringInstrument - Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary devices. - --- VIM - measuring instrument - - - + - - - - - - - - ReciprocalVolume - ReciprocalVolume - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - PhysicallyInteractingConvex - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - Resource - SystemResource - Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyPerAmountUnit - EnergyPerAmountUnit - - - - - - - - - - - Whole - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. - A whole is categorized as fundamental (or maximal) or redundant (non-maximal). - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - Whole - The superclass of entities which are defined by requiring the existence of some parts (at least one) of specifically given types, where the specified types are different with respect to the type of the whole. - A whole is always defined using a criterion expressed through the classical transitive parthood relation. -This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its wholeness, dependently on some of their parts and independently on the surroundings. + VolumePerMassUnit + VolumePerMassUnit - + - + - - ModulusOfCompression - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - BulkModulus - ModulusOfCompression - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 - 4-19.3 - Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + + DecayConstant + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + DisintegrationConstant + DecayConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 + 10-24 + Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 - + - - - - - - - - - - Volume - Extent of an object in space. - Volume - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Volume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39297 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-40 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Volume - 3-4 + + NonActivePower + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. + NonActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 + 6-61 + For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - + - - - - - - - GaugePressure - GaugePressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 - 4-14.2 - - - - - - Array - Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. - -See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. - Array - Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. - A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, -a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, -an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, -and so forth... - - - - - - Rolling - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - Walzen - Rolling - - - - - ElementaryFermion - ElementaryFermion - - - - - - - - - - - - ProbeSampleInteraction - - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - ProbeSampleInteraction - Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal - - - - - - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - URN - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - - - - - - - - - T0 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - ElectricCurrentPerMassUnit - - - - - - - CurieTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - CurieTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 - 12-35.1 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. - - - - - - CriticalTemperature - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - CriticalTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450516 - Temperature below which quantum effects dominate. - - - - - - - - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaDensityUnit - AreaDensityUnit - - - - - - PrincipalQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 - 10-13.2 - Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + + RollingResistanceFactor + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + RollingResistanceFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 + 4-23.3 + Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - + - - - - - - - - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 - 10-18 - z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + + Lethargy + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. + Lethargy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Lethargy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25508781 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-01 + 10-69 + Natural logarithm of the quotient of a reference energy and the kinetic energy of a neutron. - - + + - - - 1 + + - - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - IRI - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος - IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier + + + + EnergyDensityOfStates + Quantity in condensed matter physics. + EnergyDensityOfStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 + 12-16 + Quantity in condensed matter physics. - - + + - - - - - - + + - - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - ResourceIdentifier - A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + + + DensityOfVibrationalStates + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume + DensityOfVibrationalStates + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 + 12-12 + quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - - - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. - Liquid - A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. + + + + + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + SerialWorkflow + A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Fluid - A continuum that has no fixed shape and yields easily to external pressure. - Gas, liquid, plasma, + + + + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. + Sequence + A tessellation of temporal slices. - + - BlueStrangeQuark - BlueStrangeQuark + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + HiggsBoson + An elementary bosonic particle with zero spin produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson - - + + - T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AmountConductivityUnit - AmountConductivityUnit - - - - - - - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - PhysicsMathematicalComputation - A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. - The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - - - - - FunctionalIcon - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. - FunctionalIcon - An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. - A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). - A guinea pig. - An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - - - - - - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - Computation - A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). - A matematician that calculates 2+2. -A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. - - - - - - FreeForming - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - Non la metterei - Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). - FreeForming - - - - - - CompressiveForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - lasciano tensioni residue di compressione - Druckumformen - CompressiveForming - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - Suspensions show no significant effect on light. - Suspension - An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + ReciprocalLengthUnit + ReciprocalLengthUnit - - + + + + ThermalSprayingForming + ThermalSprayingForming + + + + + + + RelativeVolumeStrain + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + BulkStrain + VolumeStrain + RelativeVolumeStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 + 4-17.4 + Quotient of change of volume and original volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 + + + + - - + + - - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - PhaseHeterogeneousMixture - A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. - Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. - -For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + + + HallCoefficient + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. + HallCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HallCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997439 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-09-02 + 12-19 + The relation between electric field strength and current density in an isotropic conductor. - - - - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - Dust - A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + + + Object + A continuant (here called object) is usually defined as a whole whose all possible temporal parts are always satisfying a specific criterion (wich is the classical definition of continuants). +However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal parts whose temporal extension is so small that the connectivity relations that define the object will no longer hold. That's the case when the temporal interval is lower than the interval that characterize the causality interactions between the object parts. +In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. +To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental. + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. + Continuant + Endurant + Object + A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension. - - - - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - GasSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. - Dust, sand storm. + + + + + ConstitutiveProcess + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + ConstitutiveProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. + Blood circulation in a human body. + A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - - + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ-2 N0 J0 + - FirstGenerationFermion - FirstGenerationFermion - - - - - - - FermiEnergy - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - FermiEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 - 12-27.1 - in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - - - - - DrawForming - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - DrawForming + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit + SquareElectricPotentialPerSquareTemperatureUnit - - - - TensileForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - Zugdruckumformen - TensileForming + + + RedCharmQuark + RedCharmQuark - - - PolymericMaterial - PolymericMaterial + + + + Polynomial + Polynomial + 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - - - - - Cutting - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - Schneiden - Cutting + + + + AlgebricExpression + An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) + AlgebricExpression + 2x+3 - - - - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. - DIN 8580:2020 - Trennen - CuttingManufacturing - SeparateManufacturing - A manufacturing process in which the shape of a workpiece is changed by breaking the material cohesion at the processing point and thus the material cohesion is reduced overall. + + + + XrdGrazingIncidence + + XrdGrazingIncidence - - - - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. - HolisticArrangement - A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + + + ScatteringAndDiffraction + + ScatteringAndDiffraction - - - - - - - - - HolisticSystem - A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. - HolisticSystem - An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + + + + + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - + - - - - - - - - - AbsorbedDoseRate - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. - AbsorbedDoseRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 - 10-84 - Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + + + MassConcentration + Mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + MassConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentration + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03713 - - - + + + + - - + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. - WellFormedTessellation - SpatioTemporalTessellation - A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + PerEnergyUnit + PerEnergyUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SpatioTemporalTile - https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a - WellFormedTile - SpatioTemporalTile + + + + + NuclearRadius + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, + NuclearRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3535676 + 10-19.1 + Conventional radius of sphere in which the nuclear matter is included, - + - - - NucleonNumber - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - MassNumber - NucleonNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NucleonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101395 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-32 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_number - 10-1.3 - number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03726 + + Radius + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + Radius + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Radius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius + 3-1.6 + Distance from the centre of a circle to the circumference. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius - + + + + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + MeasurementSystemAdjustment + From the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM): Set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity being measured. NOTE 1: If there is any doubt that the context in which the term is being used is that of metrology, the long form “adjustment of a measuring system” might be used. NOTE 2: Types of adjustment of a measuring system include zero adjustment, offset adjustment, and span adjustment (sometimes called “gain adjustment”). NOTE 3: Adjustment of a measuring system should not be confused with calibration, which is sometimes a prerequisite for adjustment. NOTE 4: After an adjustment of a measuring system, the measuring system must usually be recalibrated. + Activity which has the goal of adjusting/tuning a measing instrument, without performing a measurement on a reference sample (which is a calibration). The output of this process can be a specific measurement parameter to be used in the characteriasation measurement process. + Adjustment + + + - - - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - NumberOfTurnsInAWinding - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 - 6-38 + + + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + MeanFreePathOfPhonons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 + 12-15.1 + average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - - + + - - + + + 1 - - + + + 1 + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + PrefixedUnit + A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol. + + + + + + + + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix + MetricPrefix + Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + + + + + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + Electron + The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + + + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + CalibrationData + Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + + + + + + + WaveVector + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + WaveVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 + 3-21 + Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + + + + + + FiberboardManufacturing + FiberboardManufacturing + + + + + + FormingFromChip + FormingFromChip + + + + - - + + - Deduction - IndexSemiosis - Deduction - - - - - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - Language - A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. + SymbolicConstruct + A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration. + This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema. - - - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - TauNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino + + + + + + + + + + + + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + Symbolic + A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. + fe780 +emmo +!5*a +cat +for(i=0;i<N;++i) + A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. +In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. + A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. +For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - AngularWaveNumber - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - AngularRepetency - AngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 - 12-9.1 - In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + MagneticPotentialUnit + MagneticPotentialUnit - - - - Wavenumber - The number of waves per unit length along the direction of propagation. - Wavenumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Wavenumber - 3-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06664 + + + + OpticalTesting + + OpticalTesting @@ -9000,1116 +7781,1219 @@ For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture Colloids are characterized by the occurring of the Tyndall effect on light. - - - - - - - - - - MeasurementResult - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - MeasurementResult - Result of a measurement. - -A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - --- VIM - measurement result - A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). - A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - - - - - - LinearScanVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - LSV - LinearPolarization - LinearSweepVoltammetry - LinearScanVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 - Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - RedTopQuark - RedTopQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - LuminousIntensity - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - LuminousIntensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity - 7-14 - A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - - - - - - - LondonPenetrationDepth - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - LondonPenetrationDepth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 - 12-38.1 - Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + + + + UTF8 + UTF8 - - - - - ElementaryCharge - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - ElementaryCharge - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge - 10-5.1 - The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 - + + + + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricCurrent - A flow of electric charge. - ElectricCurrent - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrent - 6-1 - A flow of electric charge. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01927 - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - - - - LandeFactor - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - GFactorOfAtom - LandeFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 - 10-14.1 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - - - - - - GFactor - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - GFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 - Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - - - - - - - - - - - TotalLinearStoppingPower - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - LinearStoppingPower - TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 - 10-54 - For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - - - - MeanEnergyImparted - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - MeanEnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 - 10-80.2 - Expectation value of the energy imparted. - - - - - - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow - PureParallelWorkflow - A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - - ParallelWorkflow - ParallelWorkflow + + + CrystallineMaterial + Suggestion of Rickard Armiento + CrystallineMaterial - - - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Estimator - A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StrangeQuark + StrangeQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark - + - - - KineticFrictionForce - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. - DynamicFrictionForce - KineticFrictionForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 - 4-9.4 - Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + + SolidAngle + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + SolidAngle + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + 3-6 + Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 - - - - - - - - - - - Force - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - Force - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force - 4-9.1 - Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 + + + + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + da una forma non propria ad una forma propria + FromNotProperShapeToWorkPiece + From Powder, from liquid, from gas + Powder: +particles that are usually less than 1 mm in size - + - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. - TemporalTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + BeginStep + An initial step of a workflow. + There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - - - RedDownAntiQuark - RedDownAntiQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Step + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + Step + A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. + A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - - - - MaterialTreatment - esce workpiece - Has shaped bodies as input and output. - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - DIN 8580:2020 - Stoffeigenschaft ändern - WorkPieceTreatment - MaterialTreatment - The processing of a material aimed to transform its structure by means of any type of treatment, without involving relevant synthesis phenomena. - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - Has shaped bodies as input and output. + + + + + + BeginTile + BeginTile - - + + - - + + - - - SpecificEntropy - SpecificEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 - 5-19 + + + + + + + + Boolean + A boolean number. + Boolean + A boolean number. - + + + + + Number + A number individual provides the link between the ontology and the actual data, through the data property hasNumericalValue. + A number is actually a string (e.g. 1.4, 1e-8) of numerical digits and other symbols. However, in order not to increase complexity of the taxonomy and relations, here we take a number as an "atomic" object, without decomposit it in digits (i.e. we do not include digits in the EMMO as alphabet for numbers). + A numerical data value. + In math usually number and numeral are distinct concepts, the numeral being the symbol or a composition of symbols (e.g. 3.14, 010010, three) and the number is the idea behind it. +More than one numeral stands for the same number. +In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by other numerals, so that a number is the class of all the numerals that are equivalent (e.g. 3 and 0011 are numerals that stands for the same number). +Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). +The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. +For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept. + Numeral + Number + A numerical data value. + + + - T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - MassAreaUnit - MassAreaUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePerTimeUnit - + - + - - ParticleFluence - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - ParticleFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 - 10-43 - Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - MetrologicalReference - A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). - A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). -For this reason we can't declare the axiom: -MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity -because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. -This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). - - - - - - PeriodDuration - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - Period - PeriodDuration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 - 3-14 - duration of one cycle of a periodic event - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 + + MomentOfIntertia + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + MomentOfIntertia + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MomentOfInertia + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-21 + 4-7 + Scalar measure of the rotational inertia with respect to a fixed axis of rotation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04006 - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 - 12-2.2 - Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + + + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + DataQuality + Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. + Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) - + - T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit + ElectricChargeDensityUnit - + - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 - AbsorbedDoseUnit - AbsorbedDoseUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - - + + - - + + + + DissociationConstant + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + DissociationConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 + ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. + + + + - - + + + + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + ThermalExpansionCoefficient + CoefficientOfThermalExpansion + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45760 + Material property which describes how the size of an object changes with a change in temperature. + + + + + + + ActivityCoefficient + ActivityCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745224 + 9-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00116 + + + + + + + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Participant + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + A student during an examination. + + + + + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + HolisticSpatialPart + NonTemporalRole + An holistic spatial part of a whole. + + + + + + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + FatigueTesting + Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. + + + + - - + + + + + VolumeFlowRate + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + VolumetricFlowRate + VolumeFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-72 + 4-31 + Quantity equal to the volume dV of substance crossing a given surface during a time interval with infinitesimal duration dt, divided by this duration, thus qV = dV / dt- + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric_flow_rate + + + + - - + + - - SamplePreparation - - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. - SamplePreparation - Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement. + + + MagneticReluctance + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + Reluctance + MagneticReluctance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 + 6-39 + Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - + + + + + + + + + + + ScalarMagneticPotential + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + ScalarMagneticPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17162107 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-58 + 6-37.1 + Scalar potential of an irrotational magnetic field strength. + + + - - Sample + + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + AnodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + StrippingVoltammetry - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Specimen - Sample - Portion of material selected from a larger quantity of material. The term needs to be qualified, e.g., bulk sample, representative sample, primary sample, bulked sample, test sample, etc. The term 'sample' implies the existence of a sampling error, i.e., the results obtained on the portions taken are only estimates of the concentration of a constituent or the quantity of a property present in the parent material. If there is no or negligible sampling error, the portion removed is a test portion, aliquot, or specimen. - Sample and Specime are often used interchangeably. However in some cases the term Specimen is used to specify a portion taken under conditions such that the sampling variability cannot be assessed (usually because the population is changing), and is assumed, for convenience, to be zero. + Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. + Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. + Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. + Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. + Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + StrippingVoltammetry + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - OrdinaryMatter - Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + + + RedUpAntiQuark + RedUpAntiQuark - + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - AntiMatter - Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. - This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + CondensedMatter + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - + + + + + Activity + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + Activity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 + 10-27 + Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. + https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + + + - + - - EnergyFluenceRate - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - EnergyFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 - 10-47 - In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + + Frequency + Number of periods per time interval. + Frequency + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Frequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11652 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-02 + 3-15.1 + Number of periods per time interval. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.FT07383 - - - WPositiveBoson - WPositiveBoson + + + + HandlingDevice + HandlingDevice - - - - - - - - - - - - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Reductionistic - A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. - A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: - - are proper parts of y - - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) - - do not overlap - - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) - Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. + + + BlueTopAntiQuark + BlueTopAntiQuark - - - - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. - SpecialUnit - A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. - Pa stands for N/m2 -J stands for N m + + + + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + GITT + GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 + Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - - - DerivedUnit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - DerivedUnit - Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. - derived unit - A measurement unit for a derived quantity. --- VIM + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperatureUnit + TemperatureUnit - - - - - RawData - - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. - RawData - Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. - The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. - In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. - In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. - In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + + + Displacement + vector quantity between any two points in space + Displacement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Displacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190291 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-29 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Displacement_(geometry) + 3-1.11 + vector quantity between any two points in space + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(geometry) - - - - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. - DataAcquisitionRate - Quantifies the raw data acquisition rate, if applicable. + + + + + + + + + + + + SpecificHeatCapacity + Heat capacity divided by mass. + SpecificHeatCapacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity + 5-16.1 + Heat capacity divided by mass. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 - - - - - ProtonMass - The rest mass of a proton. - ProtonMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 + + + + Array + Array subclasses with a specific shape can be constructed with cardinality restrictions. + +See Shape4x3Matrix as an example. + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement. + Array + Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays. + A Vector is a 1-dimensional Array with Number as spatial direct parts, +a Matrix is a 2-dimensional Array with Vector as spatial direct parts, +an Array3D is a 3-dimensional Array with Matrix as spatial direct parts, +and so forth... - - - - VaporDeposition - VaporDeposition + + + + + + + 2 + + + + + + + 1 + + + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Proton + A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton - - - - FormingFromGas - FormingFromGas + + + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + Laboratory + The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - + - - NuclidicMass - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - NuclidicMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 - 10-4.2 - Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 + + LandeFactor + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. + GFactorOfAtom + LandeFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LandeGFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191684 + 10-14.1 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the total angular momentum quantum number and the Bohr magneton. - + - - RestMass - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - InvariantMass - ProperMass - RestMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RestMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96941619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-03 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-16 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Mass_in_special_relativity - 10-2 - For particle X, mass of that particle at rest in an inertial frame. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass + + GFactor + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. + GFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951266 + Relation between observed magnetic moment of a particle and the related unit of magnetic moment. - - - - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - ShellScript - A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + Variations in data are generated by an agent (not necessarily human) and are intended to be decoded by the same or another agent using the same encoding rules. +Data are always generated by an agent but not necessarily possess a semantic meaninig, either because it's lost or unknown or because simply they possess none (e.g. a random generation of symbols). +A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics perspective. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + EncodedVariation + EncodedData + A causal object whose properties variation are encoded by an agent and that can be decoded by another agent according to a specific rule. + A Radio Morse Code transmission can be addressed by combination of perspectives. + +Physicalistic: the electromagnetic pulses can be defined as individual A (of type Field) and the strip of paper coming out a printer receiver can be defined as individual B (of type Matter). +Data: both A and B are also DiscreteData class individuals. In particular they may belong to a MorseData class, subclass of DiscreteData. +Perceptual: B is an individual belonging to the graphical entities expressing symbols. In particular is a formula under the MorseLanguage class, made of a combination of . and - symbols. +Semiotics: A and B can be signs if they refers to something else (e.g. a report about a fact, names). + A signal through a cable. A sound wave. Words on a page. The pattern of excited states within a computer RAM. + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data - + - - - FastFissionFactor - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - FastFissionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 - 10-75 - In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. - + + + + + + + + + PositionVector + In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - - - - Folding - Folding - +-- IEC + Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. - - - - FormingJoin - FormingJoin +-- ISO 80000-3 + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + Position + PositionVector + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector + Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - - - - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - AES - ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy - Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + + + + + FermiTemperature + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + FermiTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 + 12-28 + in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimeUnit - TimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit + PerAreaTimeUnit - + - - - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - NuclearGFactor - GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 - 10-14.2 - Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + + + SolidAngularMeasure + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + SolidAngle + SolidAngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle + 3-8 + Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle - - - - - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. - Tool - An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + + + + SampleInspectionInstrument + + SampleInspectionInstrument - - - - - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - Participant - An object which is an holistic spatial part of a process. - A student during an examination. + + + + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. + A solid is defined as a portion of matter that is in a condensed state characterised by resistance to deformation and volume changes. + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). + In physics, a rigid body (also known as a rigid object[2]) is a solid body in which deformation is zero or so small it can be neglected. The distance between any two given points on a rigid body remains constant in time regardless of external forces or moments exerted on it. A rigid body is usually considered as a continuous distribution of mass. + It has a shape, so we conclude that it is solid + Object that is processed with a machine + Seems to have to be processed through mechanical deformation. So it takes part of a manufacturing process. It is a Manufactured Product and it can be a Commercial Product + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + They are not powders or threads + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + fili e polveri non sono compresi + it seems to be an intermediate product, that has to reach the final shape. + it seems to be solid, so it has a proper shape + powder is not workpiece because it has the shape of the recipient containing them + Werkstück + WorkPiece + A WorkPiece is physical artifact, that has a proper shape and occupyes a proper volume intended for subsequent transformation. It is a condensed state, so it is a compact body that is processed or has to be processed. - - - - + + + - - T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + / - - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + + + Division + Division - - - - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. - Sol - A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + + + + ArithmeticOperator + ArithmeticOperator - + - - - QualityFactor - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. - QualityFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 - 6-53 - Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + ElectricReactance + The imaginary part of the impedance. + The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. + Reactance + ElectricReactance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 + 6-51.3 + The imaginary part of the impedance. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 - - - - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) - NMR - NuclearMagneticResonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + PerTemperatureUnit + PerTemperatureUnit - + - + - - ModulusOfElasticity - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - YoungsModulus - ModulusOfElasticity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 - 4-19.1 - Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 + + ThermalConductance + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + ThermalConductance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 + 5-13 + Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 - + - + - - Permeance - Inverse of the reluctance. - Permeance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permeance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77997985 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-29 - 6-40 - Inverse of the reluctance. + + EnergyFluenceRate + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. + EnergyFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538655 + 10-47 + In nuclear physics, time derivative of the energy fluence. - - + + + + + + + + + + + SlowingDownDensity + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + SlowingDownDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 + 10-67 + Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. + + + + - + - + - PhysicalParticle - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - Particle - PhysicalParticle - The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. - A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). - The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + + + + + + + + + + + + + MeasurementUnit + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + MeasurementUnit + A metrological reference for a physical quantity. + kg +m/s +km + measurement unit (VIM3 1.9) + "Real scalar quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which any other quantity of the same kind can be compared to express the ratio of the second quantity to the first one as a number" +ISO 80000-1 + "Unit symbols are mathematical entities and not abbreviations." + +"Symbols for units are treated as mathematical entities. In expressing the value of a quantity as the product of a numerical value and a unit, both the numerical value and the unit may be treated by the ordinary rules of algebra." + +https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9-EN.pdf + Measurement units and procedure units are disjoint. + Quantitative value are expressed as a multiple of the 'MeasurementUnit'. - + + + GluonType7 + GluonType7 + + + - - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Detector - Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. - Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM - Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + + HardwareModel + + HardwareModel - - - - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece - Machining - A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + + + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - - - - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - SourceCode - A programming language entity expressing a formal detailed plan of what a software is intended to do. - A source code is the companion of an application, being it the entity used to generate the application list of CPU executable instructions. - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + + + CyclicVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + CV + CyclicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry + Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - Software - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + + + + + + + + + + MolarVolume + Volume per amount of substance. + MolarVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 + 9-5 + Volume per amount of substance. + + + + + + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + Perspective + The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. + This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. +Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + + + + + + + BindingFraction + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + BindingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 + 10-23.2 + The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + + + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassAreaUnit + MassAreaUnit + + + + + + UndefinedEdgeCutting + Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden + UndefinedEdgeCutting + + + + + + + + + + + + MagneticTension + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + MagneticTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 + 6-37.2 + Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - - - - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Code - SoftwareCode - ProgrammingLanguage - A language object that follows syntactic rules of a programming language. - A programming language object can also be a fragment (e.g. a C function) not suitable for exectution. - Entities are not necessarily digital data, but can be code fragments printed on paper. + + + + FormingFromGas + FormingFromGas - - - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - ReferenceMaterial - StandardUnit - A reference unit provided by a reference material. -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalMatterParticle - - - GreenStrangeQuark - GreenStrangeQuark + + + + KineticEnergy + The energy of an object due to its motion. + KineticEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy + 4-28.2 + The energy of an object due to its motion. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 - - - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. - TemporallyRedundant - A whole with temporal parts of its same type. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + StateOfMatter + A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. + In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - + - + - RecombinationCoefficient - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - RecombinationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RecombinationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98842099 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-47 - 10-63 - Coefficient in the law of recombination, - - - - - - - - - T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SquarePressureTimeUnit - SquarePressureTimeUnit + EnergyFluence + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + EnergyFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 + 10-46 + In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - ExtentOfReaction - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - ExtentOfReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 - 9-31 - Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Signal + Index + A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. + Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). +My facial expression stands for my emotional status. - - + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerAmountUnit - PerAmountUnit + LengthMassUnit + LengthMassUnit - + - - - RelativeVolumeStrain - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - BulkStrain - VolumeStrain - RelativeVolumeStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73432507 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-60 - 4-17.4 - Quotient of change of volume and original volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06648 - - - - - - TransformationLanguage - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - TransformationLanguage - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language - A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. - Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML - - - - - - - - - - - - - CompositeFermion - CompositeFermion - Examples of composite particles with half-integer spin: -spin 1/2: He3 in ground state, proton, neutron -spin 3/2: He5 in ground state, Delta baryons (excitations of the proton and neutron) - - - - - OrdinalQuantity - "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - OrdinalQuantity - "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - Hardness -Resilience - ordinal quantity + + CentreOfMass + In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + CentreOfMass + The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass - - - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. - Description - A coded that is not atomic with respect to a code of description. - A biography. - A sentence about some object, depticting its properties. - A description is a collection of properties that depicts an object. It is not atomic since it is made of several properties collected together. + + + + + + + + + + ChemicalPotential + Energy per unit change in amount of substance. + ChemicalPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalPotential + 9-17 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01032 - + - ResonanceEnergy - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - ResonanceEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98165187 - 10-37.2 - Resonance in a nuclear reaction, determined by the kinetic energy of an incident particle in the reference frame of the target particle. - + RestEnergy + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - - - - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - Computer - ComputerSystem - Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + RestEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 + 10-3 + Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. + E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + +where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy - + - MolarInternalEnergy - Internal energy per amount of substance. - MolarInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 - 9-6.1 - Internal energy per amount of substance. + StandardChemicalPotential + StandardChemicalPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 + 9-21 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 @@ -10129,1219 +9013,1451 @@ Resilience Energy per amount of substance. - + - - - Rotation - Rotation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 - 3-16 + + JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux_quantum) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + JosephsonConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/JosephsonConstant + Inverse of the magnetic flux quantum. - + + + + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + ShellScript + A command language designed to be run by a command-line interpreter, like a Unix shell. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script + + + - - + - - T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassStoppingPowerUnit - MassStoppingPowerUnit + + + + IonicStrength + Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + IonicStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 + 9-42 + For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 - + + + + SampleInspectionParameter + + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + SampleInspectionParameter + Parameter used for the sample inspection process + + + + + + Parameter + A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. + Parameter + Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + + + + + + CubicExpansionCoefficient + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) + CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 + 5-3.2 + Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + + + + + + + LinearExpansionCoefficient + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearExpansionCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74760821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-27 + 5-3.1 + Relative change of length per change of temperature. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GreenAntiQuark + GreenAntiQuark + + + - - StandardChemicalPotential - StandardChemicalPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardChemicalPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89333468 - 9-21 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05908 + + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 + 9-16 + Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + + + + + + + LatentHeat + LatentHeat + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207721 + 5-6.2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + FundamentalFermion + A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - - - - - SolidAngularMeasure - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - SolidAngle - SolidAngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208476 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Solid_angle - 3-8 - Measure of a conical geometric figure, called solid angle, formed by all rays, originating from a common point, called the vertex of the solid angle, and passing through the points of a closed, non-self-intersecting curve in space considered as the border of a surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + Quark + The class of individuals that stand for quarks elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark - + - - - ThermalUtilizationFactor - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 - 10-76 - In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + + + StandardAbsoluteActivity + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. + StandardAbsoluteActivityInAMixture + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89406159 + 9-23 + For a substance in a mixture, the absolute activity of the pure substance at the same temperature but at standard pressure. - - - - ProductionEngineering - ProductionEngineering + + + + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + CSV + CathodicStrippingVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 + Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - ProcessEngineeringProcess - Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. -In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - -e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik + + + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. + NeutralAtom + A standalone atom that has no net charge. - - - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. - CausalCollapse - A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + Assigner + A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. + I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. - - - - Ablation - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - Abtragen - Ablation + + + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Estimator + A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - + - - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components - Werkstücke - DiscreteManufacturing - WorkpieceManufacturing - A manufacturing with an output that is an object with a specific function, shape, or intended use, not simply a material. + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + TemporallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + Boson + A physical particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson + + + + + + - - + + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - Meson - Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. - Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson - - - - - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. - HybridMatter - Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - - + + + - - - - - - + + + T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + - CompositeBoson - CompositeBoson - Examples of composite particles with integer spin: -spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion -spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson -spin 2: O15 in ground state. + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + PerThermalTransmittanceUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomAntiQuark + BottomAntiQuark - - - - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - Shape3Vector - A real vector with 3 elements. - The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + + + + + + + + + + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + IterativeWorkflow + A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - + - - - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - LiquidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. - - - - - - + + - - - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - File - In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. - - - - - - - CarrierLifetime - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - CarrierLifetime - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 - 12-32.2 - Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + ChemicalSubstance + Molecule + An atom_based state defined by an exact number of e-bonded atomic species and an electron cloud made of the shared electrons. + H₂0, C₆H₁₂O₆, CH₄ + An entity is called essential if removing one direct part will lead to a change in entity class. +An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a change in entity class. + This definition states that this object is a non-periodic set of atoms or a set with a finite periodicity. +Removing an atom from the state will result in another type of atom_based state. +e.g. you cannot remove H from H₂0 without changing the molecule type (essential). However, you can remove a C from a nanotube (redundant). C60 fullerene is a molecule, since it has a finite periodicity and is made of a well defined number of atoms (essential). A C nanotube is not a molecule, since it has an infinite periodicity (redundant). - + - - TimeConstant - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system - TimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 - 3-15 - parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + + + + + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + FrequencyUnit + FrequencyUnit - - - + + + + + + + + - - + + + + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + WellFormedTessellation + SpatioTemporalTessellation + A tessellation in which all tiles are connected through spatiotemporal relations hasNext or contacts. + + + + + - - - - + + + - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - ClassicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - UnitSymbol - A symbol that stands for a single unit. - Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + + SpatioTemporalTile + https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a + WellFormedTile + SpatioTemporalTile - - + + - - + + - - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - Baryon - Subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks, at least 3. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon + + + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. + LinearDensityOfElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 + 6-5 + The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - + - - - RelativeLinearStrain - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - RelativeLinearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 - 4-17.2 - Relative change of length with respect the original length. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + + + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + VolumePerTimeUnit + VolumePerTimeUnit - - - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - Tau - The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) + + + + + + + + + + ProbeSampleInteraction + + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + ProbeSampleInteraction + Process representing the interaction between the Probe and the Sample (with a certain Interaction Volume) which generates a Signal + + + + + + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. + CharacterisationProcedureValidation + Describes why the characterization procedure was chosen and deemed to be the most useful for the sample. - - - - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. - ModelledProperty - A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + ResourceIdentifier + + ResourceIdentifier - - - + + + + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + Hazard + Set of inherent properties of a substance, mixture of substances, or a process involving substances that, under production, usage, or disposal conditions, make it capable of causing adverse effects to organisms or the environment, depending on the degree of exposure; in other words, it is a source of danger. + + + + + + - - - - - - + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Deducer - An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. - Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. - Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. + + MassUnit + MassUnit - + - + - - ModulusOfRigidity - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - ShearModulus - ModulusOfRigidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 - 4-19.2 - Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 + + ElectricFlux + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. + ElectricFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501267 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-41 + 6-17 + Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the electric flux density D through a given directed surface S. - + - - - RotationalDisplacement - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - AngularDisplacement - RotationalDisplacement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 - 3-6 - Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement + + + + + T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MagneticReluctivityUnit + MagneticReluctivityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownQuark - DownQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark + + + + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + Real part of the admittance. + ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 + 6-52.2 + Real part of the admittance. - + + + + + + + - - EquilibriumConstant - The physical dimension can change based on the stoichiometric numbers of the substances involved. - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - EquilibriumConstantConcentrationBasis - EquilibriumConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857809 - for solutions, product for all substances B of concentration c_B of substance B in power of its stoichiometric number v_B: K_p = \sum_B{c_B^{v_B}}. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrium_constant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02177 + + + ElectricConductance + Inverse of 'ElectricalResistance'. + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + Conductance + ElectricConductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Conductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-06 + 6-47 + Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925 - - - - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - ProductionSystem - A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + + + + + ElectrolyticConductivity + ElectrolyticConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 + 9-44 - - - - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - Network - A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricConductivity + Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. - - - - ArithmeticEquation - ArithmeticEquation - 1 + 1 = 2 +Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. + Conductivity + ElectricConductivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 + 6-43 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 - + - - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) - XpsVariableKinetic - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + + SamplePreparationParameter + + Parameter used for the sample preparation process + SamplePreparationParameter + Parameter used for the sample preparation process - + - - - PackingFraction - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. - PackingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 - 10-23.1 - Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + + + LondonPenetrationDepth + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. + LondonPenetrationDepth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LondonPenetrationDepth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277853 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-33 + 12-38.1 + Distance a magnetic field penetrates the plane surface of a semi-finite superconductor. - - - - - RollingResistanceFactor - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. - RollingResistanceFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91738044 - 4-23.3 - Quotient of tangential and normal component of the force applied to a body which is rolling at constant speed over a surface. + + + + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + DIN 8580:2020 + Urformen + PrimitiveForming + ArchetypeManufacturing + A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - - - - - - - - - - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). - Project - IntentionalProcess - A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention). + + + + + DisplacementVector + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + DisplacementVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 + 12-7.3 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - - - ElectronAntiNeutrino - ElectronAntiNeutrino + + + + + DragForce + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + DragForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 + 4-9.6 + Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - + - + - - Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". - Time - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time - One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. - 3-7 - The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 + + + Force + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + Force + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Force + 4-9.1 + Any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02480 - + - - - - - - - - - Fugacity - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - Fugacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 - 9-20 - Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 + + RadialDistance + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + RadialDistance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 + 3-1.9 + Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassTemperatureUnit - MassTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Data - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - Luciano Floridi, "Information - A very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press., (2010) ISBN 978-0199551378 - Contrast - Dedomena - Pattern - Data - A perspective in which entities are represented according to the variation of their properties. - A data is a causal object whose variations (non-uniformity) can be recognised and eventually interpreted. -A data can be of different physical types (e.g., matter, wave, atomic excited states). -How the variations are recognised and eventually decoded depends on the interpreting rules that characterise that type of data. -Variations are pure physical variations and do not necessarily possess semantic meaning. - The covering axiom that defines the data class discriminates within all the possible causal objects between encoded or non encoded. + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit + MassPerSquareLengthSquareTimeUnit - - - - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. - Perspective - The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective. - This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. -Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass. + + + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + TauNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino - - - - + + + - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + + - - SquareTemperatureUnit - SquareTemperatureUnit + + CharacterisationEnvironment + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + CharacterisationEnvironment + Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. + Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - - + + - - + + - - - SeebeckCoefficient - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - SeebeckCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 - 12-21 - Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. + PhaseHeterogeneousMixture + A mixture in which more than one phases of matter cohexists. + Phase heterogenous mixture may share the same state of matter. + +For example, immiscibile liquid phases (e.g. oil and water) constitute a mixture whose phases are clearly separated but share the same state of matter. - - - + + + - - - T0 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - MassPerLengthUnit - MassPerLengthUnit - + Holistic + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. - - - - - IonizationEnergy - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - IonizationEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonizationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-39 - 12-24.2 - Difference between energy of an electron at rest at infinity and a certain energy level which is the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03199 - +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. - - - - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. - DIN 8580:2020 - Beschichten - CoatingManufacturing - A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + Wholistic + Holistic + An holistic perspective considers each part of the whole as equally important, without the need to position the parts within a hierarchy (in time or space). The interest is on the whole object and on its parts (how they contribute to the whole, i.e. their roles), without going further into specifying the spatial hierarchy or the temporal position of each part. + +This class allows the picking of parts without necessarily going trough a rigid hierarchy of spatial compositions (e.g. body -> organ -> cell -> molecule) or temporal composition. This is inline with the transitive nature of parthood, as it is usually defined in literature. + +The holistic perspective is not excluding the reductionistic perspective, on the contrary it can be considered its complement. + The union of classes whole and part. + A perspective characterized by the belief that some mereological parts of a whole (holistic parts) are intimately interconnected and explicable only by reference to the whole and vice versa. + A molecule of a body can have role in the body evolution, without caring if its part of a specific organ and without specifying the time interval in which this role occurred. + A product is a role that can be fulfilled by many objects, but always requires a process to which the product participates and from which it is generated. - - - - MergingManufacturing - AddingManufacturing - MergingManufacturing + + + + + DonorDensity + Number of donor levels per volume. + DonorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 + 12-29.4 + Number of donor levels per volume. - + - - Work - Product of force and displacement. - Work - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work - Product of force and displacement. - 4-28.4 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 + + + + + + + + ReciprocalVolume + ReciprocalVolume - + + + + IsobaricHeatCapacity + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure + IsobaricHeatCapacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 + 5-16.2 + Heat capacity at constant pressure. + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureUnit - PerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + ElectricChargeUnit + ElectricChargeUnit - - - - FormingFromLiquid - FormingFromLiquid + + + + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. + While every 'process' in the EMMO involves physical objects, this class is devoted to represent real world objects that express a phenomenon relevant for the ontologist + PhysicalPhenomenon + A 'process' that is recognized by physical sciences and is categorized accordingly. - + - - - NeutronNumber - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - NeutronNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 - 10-1.2 - Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. - Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 + + RadiusOfCurvature + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + RadiusOfCurvature + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature + 3-1.12 + Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature - - - - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - Solid - A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + + + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + MuonNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - EnergyUnit - EnergyUnit + AmountPerMassUnit + AmountPerMassUnit - - - - MagneticPolarisation - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - MagneticPolarisation - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 - 6-29 - Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + + + + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - - - - - - - - - - - MagneticFluxDensity - Often denoted B. - Strength of the magnetic field. - MagneticInduction - MagneticFluxDensity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30204 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-19 - 6-21 - Strength of the magnetic field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03686 + + + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + PseudoscalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and odd parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscalar_meson - + - - - - CubicExpansionCoefficient - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. - alpha_V = (1/V) * (dV/dT) - CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CubicExpansionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761076 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-28 - 5-3.2 - Quantity characterizing the variation with thermodynamic temperature T of the volume V of a body, under given conditions. + + + RelaxationTime + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + RelaxationTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 + 12-32.1 + time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - + - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - DimensionalUnit - A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - -The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + + TimeConstant + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + TimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335249 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-26 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=351-45-32 + 3-15 + parameter characterizing the response to a step input of a first‑order, linear time‑invariant system + -Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + + + + + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. + NuclearGFactor + GFactorOfNucleusOrNuclearParticle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GFactorOfNucleus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97591250 + 10-14.2 + Quotient of the magnetic dipole moment of an atom, and the product of the nuclear spin quantum number and the nuclear magneton. - + - - - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngluarRepetency - DebyeAngularWaveNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 - 12-9.3 - Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + NumberOfEntities + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + NumberOfEntities + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 + 9-1 + Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + + + + + + + IsentropicExponent + For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. + IsentropicExponent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 + 5-17.2 - + - - IntermediateSample - - IntermediateSample - - - - - - - - - - + + - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - Cogniser - An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) - The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + CharacterisationMeasurementProcess + Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information +NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. +NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, +such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. +NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the +process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. +NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at +some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. +NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the +quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated +measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement +conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the +measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring +system specifications. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. + Measurement - - - - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 - 5-21.4 - Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + + + + Welding + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. + Schweißen + Welding - - - - - BindingFraction - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. - BindingFraction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BindingFraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058362 - 10-23.2 - The ratio of the binding energy of a nucleus to the atomic mass number. + + + + Viscometry + + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + Viscosity + Viscometry + Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - + - + - - LuminousFlux - Perceived power of light. - LuminousFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux - 7-13 - Perceived power of light. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 - - - - - - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants - CategorizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + + SurfaceTension + 4-26 + SurfaceTension + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 - + - - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. - IndustrialPlant - Factory - A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + SupplyChain + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - - - - - StandardEquilibriumConstant - ThermodynamicEquilibriumConstant - StandardEquilibriumConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95993378 - 9-32 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05915 + + + + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. + Network + A system whose is mainly characterised by the way in which elements are interconnected. - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MagneticPotentialUnit - MagneticPotentialUnit - - - - - - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. - CalibrationData - Calibration data are used to provide correction of measured data or perform uncertainty calculations. They are generally the result of a measuerement on a reference specimen. + PerTemperatureTimeUnit + PerTemperatureTimeUnit - + - - - PhaseAngle - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - PhaseAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 - 3-7 - Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - - - - - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - NeutralWeakBoson - ZBoson - An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. - Z bosons are their own antiparticles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - - - - - - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. - Shape4x3Matrix - A real matrix with shape 4x3. + + + CyclotronAngularFrequency + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 + 10-16 + Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. - 2DArray - Matrix - 2-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are vectors. + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. + Estimation + A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - - - - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - AreaUnit - AreaUnit + + + + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + Computation + A procedure that deals with quantitative symbols (i.e. symbols associated with a quantitative oriented language). + A matematician that calculates 2+2. +A computation machine that calculate the average value of a dataset. - - - - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - DataNormalisation - Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. - It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + + + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + NumericalData + Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - + - - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - DataPreparation - Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + + Electrogravimetry + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + Electrogravimetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry - - + + - T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerMassUnit - AreaPerMassUnit + AccelerationUnit + AccelerationUnit - + - - RadialDistance - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. - RadialDistance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadialDistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1578234 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-26 - 3-1.9 - Distance, where one point is located on an axis or within a closed non self-intersecting curve or surface. + + + BohrRadius + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + BohrRadius + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BohrRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652571 + 10-6 + Radius of the electron orbital in the hydrogen atom in its ground state in the Bohr model of the atom. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00693 - - - - - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 - 5-29 - Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + + + + TransformationLanguage + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + TransformationLanguage + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_language + A construction language designed to transform some input text in a certain formal language into a modified output text that meets some specific goal. + Tritium, XSLT, XQuery, STX, FXT, XDuce, CDuce, HaXml, XMLambda, FleXML - - - - FlexuralForming - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. - Biegeumformen - FlexuralForming + + + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + InductanceUnit + InductanceUnit - - + + - T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - - - - Gathering - Gathering + + + + Probe + + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + Probe + Probe is the physical tool (i.e., a disturbance, primary solicitation, or a gadget), controlled over time, that generates measurable fields that interact with the sample to acquire information on the specimen’s behaviour and properties. + In dynamic light scattering, temporal fluctuations of backscattered light due to Brownian motion and flow of nanoparticles are the probe, resolved as function of pathlength in the sample. From fluctuation analysis (intensity correlations) and the wavelength of light in the medium, the (distribution of) diffusion coefficient(s) can be measured during flow. The Stokes-Einstein relation yields the particle size characteristics. + In electron microscopy (SEM or TEM), the probe is a beam of electrons with known energy that is focused (and scanned) on the sample’s surface with a well-defined beam-size and scanning algorithm. + In mechanical testing, the probe is a the tip plus a force actuator, which is designed to apply a force over-time on a sample. Many variants can be defined depending on way the force is applied (tensile/compressive uniaxial tests, bending test, indentation test) and its variation with time (static tests, dynamic/cyclic tests, impact tests, etc…) + In spectroscopic methods, the probe is a beam of light with pre-defined energy (for example in the case of laser beam for Raman measurements) or pre-defined polarization (for example in the case of light beam for Spectroscopic Ellipsometry methods), that will be properly focused on the sample’s surface with a welldefined geometry (specific angle of incidence). + In x-ray diffraction, the probe is a beam of x-rays with known energy that is properly focused on the sample’s surface with a well-defined geometry - + - - Height - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - Height - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Height - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208826 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Height - 3-1.3 - Minimum length of a straight line segment between a point and a reference line or reference surface. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height + + + + + + + + + ModulusOfElasticity + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + YoungsModulus + ModulusOfElasticity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-67 + 4-19.1 + Mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03966 - - - RedStrangeAntiQuark - RedStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + RelativeLinearStrain + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + RelativeLinearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990546 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-58 + 4-17.2 + Relative change of length with respect the original length. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03560 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Persistence + The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): +- object (focus on spatial configuration) +- process (focus on temporal evolution) + +The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. + +For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. + +Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + +This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + +The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. + The union of the object or process classes. + Persistence + The union of the object or process classes. + + + + + + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Special units are semiotic shortcuts to more complex composed symbolic objects. + SpecialUnit + A unit symbol that stands for a derived unit. + Pa stands for N/m2 +J stands for N m - - - - Distance - Distance is the norm of Displacement. - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - Distance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance - 3-1.8 - Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance + + + DerivedUnit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + DerivedUnit + Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units corresponding to the relations defining the derived quantities in terms of the base quantities. + derived unit + A measurement unit for a derived quantity. +-- VIM - - - - - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - EndStep - The final step of a workflow. - There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + + + + + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. + Expression + A well-formed finite combination of mathematical symbols according to some specific rules. - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + - Step - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - Step - A task that is a well formed tile of a workflow, according to a reductionistic description. - A step is part of a specific granularity level for the workflow description, as composition of tasks. - - - - - - - - EndTile - EndTile + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. + Determiner + An 'interpreter' that perceives another 'entity' (the 'object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'property' (the 'sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception. @@ -11357,465 +10473,447 @@ Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentUnit - ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit + ElectricChargePerMassUnit - + - - - - - - - - MassExcess - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - MassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 - 10-21.1 - Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CausalParticle - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - CausalParticle - The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. - The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. - The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + + RelativeMassExcess + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 + 10-22.1 + Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - - - + + - - + + + + + + + + - Coupled - Coupled + ThirdGenerationFermion + ThirdGenerationFermion - - - - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - MultiSimulation - A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + + + + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - + - + + + MeanEnergyImparted + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + MeanEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526969 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-44 + 10-80.2 + Expectation value of the energy imparted. + + + + + + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + HolisticArrangement + A system which is mainly characterised by the spatial configuration of its elements. + + + + + + + + + + + HolisticSystem + A system is conceived as an aggregate of things that 'work' (or interact) together. While a system extends in time through distinct temporal parts (like every other 4D object), this elucdation focuses on a timescale in which the obejct shows a persistence in time. + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + HolisticSystem + An object that is made of a set of sub objects working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network (natural or artificial); a complex whole. + + + + + + + + + + + - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted vsat. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - Quotient of the mass of water vapour in moist gas by the total gas volume. + PlanckFunction + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + PlanckFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 + 5-23 + Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + + + + + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + TemporalTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts. + + + + + FunctionalIcon + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + This subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else. + FunctionalIcon + An icon that imitates one representative character of the object. It share external similarities with the object, but not necessarily the same internal logical structure. + A data based model is only a functional icon, since it provide the same relations between the properties of the object (e.g., it can predict some properties as function of others) but is not considering the internal mechanisms (i.e., it can ignore the physics). + A guinea pig. + An icon that focusing WHAT the object does. - + - - + - - T-6 L+4 M+2 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - LorenzNumberUnit - LorenzNumberUnit + + + + ElectricInductance + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + Inductance + ElectricInductance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 + 6-41.1 + A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 - - - - - - - T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountPerMassPressureUnit - AmountPerMassPressureUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + GaugeBoson + A bosonic elementary particle that mediates interactions among elementary fermions, and thus acts as a force carrier. + All known gauge bosons have a spin of 1 and are hence also vector bosons. + Gauge bosons can carry any of the four fundamental interactions of nature. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson - + - + - MolecularPartitionFunction - Partition function of a molecule. - MolecularPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 - 9-35.4 - Partition function of a molecule. + LogarithmicDecrement + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + LogarithmicDecrement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 + 3-25 + Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - - - - - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions - MeanFreePathOfPhonons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhononMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672255 - 12-15.1 - average distance that phonons travel between two successive interactions + + + + GravityCasting + GravityCasting - - - - - MeanFreePath - The mean free path may thus be specified either for all interactions, i.e. total mean free path, or for particular types of interaction such as scattering, capture, or ionization. - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - MeanFreePath - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756307 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-37 - 9-38 - in a given medium, average distance that particles of a specified type travel between successive interactions of a specified type. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03778 + + + + Casting + Casting - - + + - + - + - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - BaseUnit - A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. - base unit - - - - - RedCharmAntiQuark - RedCharmAntiQuark + + + AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + AtomicNumber + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber + Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. + 10-1.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - + + + 1 - + + - - + + - + + Integer + An integer number. + Integer + An integer number. + + + + + + + CurieTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + CurieTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurieTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191073 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-51 + 12-35.1 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a ferromagnet. + + + + - - + + + 2 - - - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - CharacterisationMeasurementProcess - Process of experimentally obtaining one or more values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity together with any other available relevant information -NOTE 1 The quantity mentioned in the definition is an individual quantity. -NOTE 2 The relevant information mentioned in the definition may be about the values obtained by the measurement, -such that some may be more representative of the measurand than others. -NOTE 3 Measurement is sometimes considered to apply to nominal properties, but not in this Vocabulary, where the -process of obtaining values of nominal properties is called “examination”. -NOTE 4 Measurement requires both experimental comparison of quantities or experimental counting of entities at -some step of the process and the use of models and calculations that are based on conceptual considerations. -NOTE 5 The conditions of reasonable attribution mentioned in the definition take into account a description of the -quantity commensurate with the intended use of a measurement result, a measurement procedure, and a calibrated -measuring system operating according to the specified measurement procedure, including the measurement -conditions. Moreover, a maximum permissible error and/or a target uncertainty may be specified, and the -measurement procedure and the measuring system should then be chosen in order not to exceed these measuring -system specifications. + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + Collection + A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. +A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. +The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be. + The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities. + The collection of users of a particular software, the collection of atoms that have been part of that just dissociated molecule. + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector. - Measurement + + + ElementaryBoson + ElementaryBoson - - + + - - + + - - - MagneticDipoleMoment - For an atom or nucleus, this energy is quantized and can be written as: - - W = g μ M B - -where g is the appropriate g factor, μ is mostly the Bohr magneton or nuclear magneton, M is magnetic quantum number, and B is magnitude of the magnetic flux density. - --- ISO 80000 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - MagneticDipoleMoment - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticDipoleMoment - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-55 - 10-9.1 - 6-30 - Vector quantity μ causing a change to its energy ΔW in an external magnetic field of field flux density B: - - ΔW = −μ · B - http://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03688 + + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. + The sample is mounted on a holder. + Mounting + The sample is mounted on a holder. - - - - - IsothermalCompressibility - IsothermalCompressibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 - 5-5.1 - + + + + + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - - - - - StandardAmountConcentration - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - StandardConcentration - StandardMolarConcentration - StandardAmountConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 - Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. - 9-12.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 - +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. + SubProcess + A process which is an holistic spatial part of a process. + Breathing is a subprocess of living for a human being. + In the EMMO the relation of participation to a process falls under mereotopology. - - - - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. - OpticalMicroscopy - Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. +Since topological connection means causality, then the only way for a real world object to participate to a process is to be a part of it. - - + + - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalMassUnit - ReciprocalMassUnit + MomentumUnit + MomentumUnit - + - - - MassConcentrationOfWater - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. - MassConcentrationOfWater - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 - 5-27 - Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + + + + + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - CharmAntiQuark - CharmAntiQuark + + + + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. + Solid + A continuum characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume, that retains its shape and density when not confined. - - - - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - DataExchangeLanguage - A computer language that is domain-independent and can be used for expressing data from any kind of discipline. - JSON, YAML, XML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_exchange#Data_exchange_languages + + + + + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. + EndStep + The final step of a workflow. + There may be more than one end task, if they run in parallel leading to more than one output. - - - - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. - Hardening - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + + + + + EndTile + EndTile - - - - - - - - - - - - Sign - A 'Sign' can have temporal-direct-parts which are 'Sign' themselves. - -A 'Sign' usually havs 'sign' spatial direct parts only up to a certain elementary semiotic level, in which the part is only a 'Physical' and no more a 'Sign' (i.e. it stands for nothing). This elementary semiotic level is peculiar to each particular system of signs (e.g. text, painting). - -Just like an 'Elementary' in the 'Physical' branch, each 'Sign' branch should have an a-tomistic mereological part. - According to Peirce, 'Sign' includes three subcategories: -- symbols: that stand for an object through convention -- indeces: that stand for an object due to causal continguity -- icons: that stand for an object due to similitudes e.g. in shape or composition - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - Sign - An 'Physical' that is used as sign ("semeion" in greek) that stands for another 'Physical' through an semiotic process. - A novel is made of chapters, paragraphs, sentences, words and characters (in a direct parthood mereological hierarchy). - -Each of them are 'sign'-s. - -A character can be the a-tomistic 'sign' for the class of texts. - -The horizontal segment in the character "A" is direct part of "A" but it is not a 'sign' itself. - -For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math symbols. + + + + + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + ObjectPart + Constituent + An object which is an holistic spatial part of a object. + A tire is a constituent of a car. - + - - TensileTesting - - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - TensionTest - TensileTesting - Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. - - - - - - Cleaning - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - Cleaning + + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + Nexafs + Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - - - PhysicalyUnbonded - PhysicalyUnbonded + + + + + + + + + + + AcceptorDensity + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + AcceptorDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 + 12-29.5 + quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + + + + + + @@ -11830,12 +10928,6 @@ For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math s - - - - - - Hyperon A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. @@ -11846,534 +10938,766 @@ For plain text we can propose the ASCII symbols, for math the fundamental math s https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon - + + + + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + Rationale + A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + + + + + + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + String + A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. + The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. + +In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + +If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. + A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). + A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + - - IsobaricHeatCapacity - Heat capacity at constant pressure. - HeatCapacityAtConstantPressure - IsobaricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-49 - 5-16.2 - Heat capacity at constant pressure. + + Admittance + Inverse of the impendance. + ComplexAdmittance + Admittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance + 6-52.1 + Inverse of the impendance. - + + + + ReactivePower + Imaginary part of the complex power. + ReactivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 + 6-60 + Imaginary part of the complex power. + + + - + - - HeatCapacity - Examples of condition might be constant volume or constant pressure for a gas. - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - HeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-47 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Heat_capacity - 5-15 - Quantity C = dQ/dT, when the thermodynamic temperature of a system is increased by dT as a result of the addition of a amount of heat dQ, under given condition. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02753 + + + ElectricCurrentDensity + Electric current divided by the cross-sectional area it is passing through. + AreicElectricCurrent + CurrentDensity + ElectricCurrentDensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-11 + 6-8 + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_density + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01928 - - - - - - - - - - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. - The sample is mounted on a holder. - Mounting - The sample is mounted on a holder. + + + + + PoissonNumber + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + PoissonsRatio + PoissonNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 + 4-18 + Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - - - - SparkErosion - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - elektrochemisches Abtragen - SparkErosion + + + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + Datum + A self-consistent encoded data entity. + A character, a bit, a song in a CD. - - - - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - DataAnalysis - Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + + + + SystemUnit + SystemUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. - DataProcessing - A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + + + + + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + LiquidSolution + A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - Tile - A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + + + + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + Variable + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + x +k - - - + + + + + VacuumMagneticPermeability + The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. + PermeabilityOfVacuum + VacuumMagneticPermeability + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum + 6-26.1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + Nucleon + Either a proton or a neutron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + + + + + Planing + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + Hobeln + Planing + + + + + + - - + + T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - CharacterisationEnvironment - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - CharacterisationEnvironment - Medium of the characterisation experiment defined by the set of environmental conditions that are controlled and measured over time during the experiment. - Characterisation can either be made in air (ambient conditions, without specific controls on environmental parameters), or at different temperatures, different pressures (or in vacuum), or using different types of working gases (inert or reactive with respect to sample), different levels of humidity, etc. + + ForcePerLengthUnit + ForcePerLengthUnit - - - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - - CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + + + + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 + 10-32 + Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + + + + UnitOne + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - Phase - PhaseOfMatter - A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. +-- SI Brochure + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + Unitless + UnitOne + http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS + Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. + "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. +-- SI Brochure + Refractive index or volume fraction. + Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. - - - ContinuumSubstance - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - ContinuumSubstance - A state that is a collection of sufficiently large number of other parts such that: -- it is the bearer of qualities that can exists only by the fact that it is a sum of parts -- the smallest partition dV of the state volume in which we are interested in, contains enough parts to be statistically consistent: n [#/m3] x dV [m3] >> 1 - A continuum is made of a sufficient number of parts that it continues to exists as continuum individual even after the loss of one of them i.e. a continuum is a redundant. - A continuum is not necessarily small (i.e. composed by the minimum amount of sates to fulfill the definition). - -A single continuum individual can be the whole fluid in a pipe. - A continuum is the bearer of properties that are generated by the interactions of parts such as viscosity and thermal or electrical conductivity. + + + + TotalCurrent + Sum of electric current and displacement current + TotalCurrent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 + 6-19.2 + Sum of electric current and displacement current - + - T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTemperatureUnit - - - + + + + + QualityFactor + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/QualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79467569 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=151-15-45 + 6-53 + Dimensionless quantity in electromagnetism. + + + + + + + MolarGibbsEnergy + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + MolarGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 + 9-6.4 + Gibbs energy per amount of substance. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + Lepton + An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton + + + + + + + LatticePlaneSpacing + distance between successive lattice planes + LatticePlaneSpacing + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 + 12-3 + distance between successive lattice planes + + + + + + Distance + Distance is the norm of Displacement. + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + Distance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Distance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126017 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-24 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Distance + 3-1.8 + Shortest path length between two points in a metric space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + - Program - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - Executable - Program - A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Semiosis + A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. + Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process + +me -> interpreter +cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) +the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant +"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - + - - SampleInspectionParameter + + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry - Parameter used for the sample inspection process - SampleInspectionParameter - Parameter used for the sample inspection process + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. + VPO + VaporPressureDepressionOsmometry + Vapor pressure osmometry measures vapor pressure indirectly by measuring the change in temperature of a polymer solution on dilution by solvent vapor and is generally useful for polymers with Mn below 10,000–40,000 g/mol. When molecular weight is more than that limit, the quantity being measured becomes very small to detect. - - - - Parameter - A variable whose value is assumed to be known independently from the equation, but whose value is not explicitated in the equation. - Parameter - Viscosity in the Navier-Stokes equation + + + + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). + Osmometry + Osmometry is an advanced analytical method for determining the osmotic concentration of solutions. The osmotic – or solute – concentration of a colloidal system is expressed in osmoles (Osm) per unit of volume (Osm/L) or weight (Osm/kg). - + - - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + + Thermogravimetry - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - STM - ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy - Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + TGA + Thermogravimetry + Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + + + + + ThermochemicalTesting + + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. + TMA + ThermochemicalTesting + Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a technique used in thermal analysis, a branch of materials science which studies the properties of materials as they change with temperature. - + + + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + NonNumericalData + Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + + - + - - - ElectricConductivity - Measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. + + AbsorbedDoseRate + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + AbsorbedDoseRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDoseRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69428958 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-07 + 10-84 + Differential quotient of the absorbed dose with respect to time. + -Conductivity is equeal to the resiprocal of resistivity. - Conductivity - ElectricConductivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4593291 - 6-43 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C01245 + + + + JoinManufacturing + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. + DIN 8580:2020 + Fügen + JoinManufacturing + A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - - - - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. - NewtonianConstantOfGravity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 + + + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + QuantumData + Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - - - - - HalfValueThickness - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - HalfValueThickness - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 - 10-53 - Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpQuarkType + UpQuarkType - - - - Thickness - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - Thickness - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 - 3-1.4 - Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + + + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. + PhysicallyNonInteracting + A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. + A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - + - - - - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - LuminanceUnit - LuminanceUnit + + + ActiveEnergy + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + ActiveEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 + 6-62 + The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - PressurePerTimeUnit - PressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - - - Moulding - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - Gesenkformen - Moulding + PerLengthTemperatureUnit + PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - SolidAngle - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - SolidAngle - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidAngle - 3-6 - Ratio of area on a sphere to its radius squared. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05732 + + + + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + NonIntentionalProcess + NaturalProcess + A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - - - - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-46140-5.00002-9 - ElectrochemicalTesting - In electrochemical characterization, the measurement of potential, charge, or current is used to determine an analyte's concentration or to characterize an analyte's chemical reactivity. + + + + + + + + + + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. + Theorization + Theorisation + The 'semiosis' process of interpreting a 'physical' and provide a complec sign, 'theory' that stands for it and explain it to another interpreter. - - - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. - DataSet - Encoded data made of more than one datum. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Characterisation + Determination + A 'Semiosis' that involves an 'Observer' that perceives another 'Physical' (the 'Object') through a specific perception mechanism and produces a 'Property' (the 'Sign') that stands for the result of that particular perception according to a well defined conventional procedure. + Assigning the word "red" as sign for an object provides an information to all other interpreters about the outcome of a specific observation procedure according to the determiner. - - - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - Datum - A self-consistent encoded data entity. - A character, a bit, a song in a CD. + + + + + + + + + + + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). + NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearQuadrupoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97921226 + 10-18 + z component of the diagonalized tensor of nuclear quadrupole moment, in the quantum state with the nuclear spin in the field direction (z). - - - - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - SpecificationLanguage - A language used to describe what a computer system should do. - ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language + + + + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. + Holder + An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - - - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - SpatiallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. + VerfestigendurchWalzen + HardeningByRolling + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - - - ActivityFactor - ActivityFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 - 9-22 + + + + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. + NSE + NeutronSpinEchoSpectroscopy + Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is a high resolution inelastic neutron scattering method probing nanosecond dynamics. Neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy uses the precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field to measure the energy transfer at the sample and decouples the energy resolution from beam characteristics like monochromatisation and collimation. - + - - - EnergyImparted - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - EnergyImparted - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 - 10-80.1 - Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + + + + + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreicSpeedUnit + AreicSpeedUnit - - - - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - String - A physical made of more than one symbol sequentially arranged. - The word "cat" considered as a collection of 'symbol'-s respecting the rules of english language. - -In this example the 'symbolic' entity "cat" is not related to the real cat, but it is only a word (like it would be to an italian person that ignores the meaning of this english word). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + UnitSymbol + A symbol that stands for a single unit. + Some examples are "Pa", "m" and "J". + -If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' process with this word, that "cat" became also a 'sign' i.e. it became for the 'interpreter' a representation for a real cat. - A string is made of concatenated symbols whose arrangement is one-dimensional. Each symbol can have only one previous and one next neighborhood (bidirectional list). - A string is not requested to respect any syntactic rule: it's simply directly made of symbols. + + + + + + + + + + + CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + CatalyticActivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity + Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - + - - - RelativeMassDensity - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - RelativeDensity - RelativeMassDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 - 4-4 - Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 + + ElectricPolarization + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. + ElectricPolarization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 + 6-7 + At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - + - + - - SpecificActivity - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - MassicActivity - SpecificActivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823748 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-08 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-43 - 10-28 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the mass m of that sample. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05790 + Luminance + Measured in cd/m². Not to confuse with Illuminance, which is measured in lux (cd sr/m²). + a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. + Luminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Luminance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03640 - - - - - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + + + + GravitySintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + Loose-powderSintering + PressurelessSintering + GravitySintering - + - - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod + + SquareWaveVoltammetry - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage - PseudoOCV - PseudoOpenCircuitVoltageMethod - a technique used to measure the voltage of a cell under a low applied current as an estimate for the open-circuit voltage + Most instruments show plots of the current at the end of the forward-going pulse and of the backward-going pulse vs. the potential, as well as their difference. This can give valuable information on the kinetics of the electrode reaction and the electrode process. + The current is sampled just before the end of the forward- going pulse and of the backward-going pulse and the difference of the two sampled currents is plotted versus the applied potential of the potential or staircase ramp. The square-wave voltammogram is peak-shaped + The sensitivity of SWV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + OSWV + OsteryoungSquareWaveVoltammetry + SWV + SquareWaveVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016323 + voltammetry in which a square-wave potential waveform is superimposed on an underlying linearly varying potential ramp or staircase ramp + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squarewave_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricConductanceUnit - ElectricConductanceUnit + + + + SecondaryData + + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Elaborated data + SecondaryData + Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. + Deconvoluted curves + Intensity maps - + + + + + MolecularPartitionFunction + Partition function of a molecule. + MolecularPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96192064 + 9-35.4 + Partition function of a molecule. + + + - - - Bending - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress - Bending + + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - + - + - + - + @@ -12381,8 +11705,20 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' proc - DownAntiQuark - DownAntiQuark + DownQuark + DownQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark + + + + + + + ActivityOfSolute + RelativeActivityOfSolute + ActivityOfSolute + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89408862 + 9-24 @@ -12394,678 +11730,735 @@ If an 'interpreter' skilled in english language is involved in a 'semiotic' proc An interpreter who assigns a name to an object without any motivations related to the object characters. - + + + + + PackingFraction + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + PackingFraction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PackingFraction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98058276 + 10-23.1 + Quotient of relative mass excess and the nucleon number. + + + + + + MutualInductance + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + MutualInductance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 + 6-41.2 + Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + SpeedUnit + SpeedUnit - + - - - CouplingFactor - InductiveCouplingFactor - CouplingFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 - 6-42.1 + + + POH + Written as pOH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) + POH + number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aOH- of the hydroxide anion OH- +pH = −10 log(a_OH-) - - - - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - SystemProgram - System program refers to operating systems and utility programs that manage computer resources at a low level enabling a computer to function. - An operating system. A graphic driver. + + + + IonActivity + Normally a standard solution is a solution of the ion at a molality of 1 mol/kg (exactly). Standardized conditions are normally 1013,25 hPa and 25 °C. + The correction factor is called activity coefficient and it is determined experimentally. See ActivityCoefficient + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. + IonActivity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-20 + ratio of the product of ion molality b and a correction factor γ to the molality b° of the same ion in a standard solution under standardized conditions: a = bγ / b°. - + - - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. - EffectiveDiffusionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258852 - Diffusion coefficient through the pore space of a porous media. + + PH + At about 25 °C aqueous solutions with: +pH < 7 are acidic; +pH = 7 are neutral; +pH > 7 are alkaline. +At temperatures far from 25 °C the pH of a neutral solution differs significantly from 7. + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + Written as pH + PH + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-21 + For more details, see ISO 80000-9:2009, Annex C + Number quantifying the acidic or the alkaline character of a solution, equal to the negative of the decimal logarithm of ion activity aH+ of the hydrogen cation H+ +pH = −10 log(a_H+). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04524 - + + + + CompressiveForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. + lasciano tensioni residue di compressione + Druckumformen + CompressiveForming + + + + + + + Moulding + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + Gesenkformen + Moulding + + + - + - - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. - DiffusionCoefficient - Proportionality constant in some physical laws. + + MolarEntropy + Entropy per amount of substance. + MolarEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 + 9-8 + Entropy per amount of substance. - + + + + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + Phase + PhaseOfMatter + A matter object throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + + + + + + Rolling + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + Walzen + Rolling + + + + + + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + CoulometricTitration + Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + + + + + + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + UserCase + High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + + + + + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + Spray + A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + + + + + + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + GasLiquidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. + Rain, spray. + + + - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - PressureUnit - PressureUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit + ElectricResistanceUnit - + + + + + + + + + + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + PhysicsBasedModel + A mathematical entity based on a fundamental physics theory which defines the relations between physics quantities of an entity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalParticle + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + CausalParticle + The concept is based on the common usage of the word "particle", that is used to identify both a specific state of an elementary particle (a quantum) and both the chain of quantums that expresses the evolution of the particle in time. + The union of Elementary and Quantum classes. + The class of entities that have no spatial structure. + + + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - ModellingLanguage - An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. - Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. - -Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. - -Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - - - - - - 3DPrinting - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - 3DPrinting - Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. - This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiElectronType - AntiElectronType + AmountTemperatureUnit + AmountTemperatureUnit - + - + - - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassEnergyTransferCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99714619 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-32 - 10-87 - For ionizing uncharged particles of a given type and energy, the differential quotient of Rtr with respect to l. Where Rtr is the mean energy that is transferred to kinetic energy of charged particles by interactions of the uncharged particles of incident radiant energy R in traversing a distance l in the material of density rho, divided by rho and R - - - - - - - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - GrandPartionFunction - GrandCanonicalPartionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GrandCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96176022 - 9-35.3 - - - - - - RadiantFlux - The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. - RadiantFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 + + ModulusOfCompression + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. + BulkModulus + ModulusOfCompression + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BulkModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900371 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-69 + 4-19.3 + Measure of how resistant to compressibility a substance is. - + - + - Stress - Force per unit oriented surface area . - Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. - Stress - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress - 4-15 + + NuclearMagneton + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + NuclearMagneton + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 + 10-9.3 + Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - NonMaximal - Redundant - A whole possessing some proper parts of its same type. - An object A which is classified as water-fluid possesses a proper part B which is water itself if the lenght scale of the B is larger than the water intermolecular distance keeping it in the continuum range. In this sense, A is redundant. - -If A is a water-fluid so small that its every proper part is no more a continuum object (i.e. no more a fluid), then A is fundamental. - - - - - - - MixingRatio - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. - MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas - MixingRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 - 5-30 - Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - - - - - - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - EDS - EDX - EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386334 - An analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy - - - - - - PlasticSintering - PlasticSintering - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Coded + A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. +A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. +A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. - - - - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-sintering - Sintern - Sintering - Sintering is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. - Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and is used as a manufacturing process for materials including ceramics, metals and plastics. -Because the sintering temperature doesn’t reach the materials’ melting point, it is often used for materials with high melting points, such as molybdenum and tungsten. +For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. +An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) +Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). +This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. +This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. + Coded + A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. + A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. + The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. - + - - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - Holder - An object which supports the specimen in the correct position for the characterisation process. - + + ReferenceSample + + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. - - - - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - CyclicChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + ReferenceSpecimen + Certified Reference Material + Reference material + ReferenceSample + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination +NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property +value. +NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. +NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. +EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. +NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. +NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. +EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. +NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to +which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. +NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality +control, but not both. +NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference +materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) + Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] + Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. + Reference material - - - - - - - - - - - - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - Symbolic - A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules. - fe780 -emmo -!5*a -cat -for(i=0;i<N;++i) - A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. -In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet. - A symbolic object possesses a reductionistic oriented structure. -For example, text is made of words, spaces and punctuations. Words are made of characters (i.e. atomic symbols). + + + + ModulusOfImpedance + ModulusOfImpedance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 + 6-51.4 - + + - - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. - DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 - 10-65 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + ReactorTimeConstant + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + ReactorTimeConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 + 10-79 + Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - - - - SystemUnit - SystemUnit + + + + Duration + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. + Duration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199864 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-13 + 3-9 + Physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events. - - - RedTopAntiQuark - RedTopAntiQuark + + + + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + ModellingLanguage + An artificial computer language used to express information or knowledge, often for use in computer system design. + Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + Hardware description language – used to model integrated circuits. + +Architecture description language – used as a language (or a conceptual model) to describe and represent system architectures. + +Algebraic Modeling Language which is a high-level programming languages for describing and solving high complexity problems like large-scale optimisation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_language - - + + - - - 1 + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - Measurand - Quantity - https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity - A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. - length -Rockwell C hardness -electric resistance - measurand - quantity - VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + + + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + File + In computing, a computer file is a resource for recording data on a computer storage device, primarily identified by its file path. + -A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + + + + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. + BinaryData + DigitalData + Discrete data that are decoded as a sequence of 1/0, or true/false, or on/off. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - DissociationConstant - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - DissociationConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898254 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-10 - ratio of the number of dissociated molecules of a specified type to the total number of dissolved molecules of this type. - - - - - - PowderCoating - PowderCoating - - - - - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification - - CharacterisationHardwareSpecification + + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. + Resource + SystemResource + Any physical or virtual component of limited availability within a computer system. - + - - PulsedElectroacousticMethod + + Profilometry - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - PulsedElectroacousticMethod - The pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method is an established method for space charge measurements in polymeric dielectrics. - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-023-00332-y + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. + Profilometry + Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - + - - - - - - - - - MassAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 - 10-50 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + + + MixingRatio + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. + The mixing ratio at saturation is denoted xsat. + MassRatioOfWaterVapourToDryGas + MixingRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378940 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-62 + 5-30 + Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air. - - + + - - + + - - - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - ThermalTransmittance - CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 - 5-10.1 - At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - - - - - - - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Stage - A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. - - - - - BlueDownAntiQuark - BlueDownAntiQuark + Tessellation + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + Tiling + Tessellation + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - MassChangeRate - Mass increment per time. - MassChangeRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 - 4-30.3 - Mass increment per time. + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. + Tile + A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation. - - - - - MaterialSynthesis - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - MaterialSynthesis - The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). - Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + + + + + + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. + Hypothesis + A hypothesis is a theory, estimated and objective, since its estimated premises are objective. - - - - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. - ContinuumManufacturing - MaterialsProcessing - A manufacturing process aimed to modify the precursor objects through a physical process (involving other materials, energy, manipulation) to change its material properties. - Synthesis of materials, quenching, the preparation of a cake, tempering of a steel beam. - A material process requires the output to be classified as an individual of a material subclass. + + + Estimated + Estimated + The biography of a person that the author have not met. - + - - - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 - 12-36.3 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. - - - - - - - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - SolidSolution - A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. + NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 + 10-13.7 + Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - - - - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. - Solutions are characterized by the occurrence of Rayleigh scattering on light, - Solution - A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. + + + + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + ConfigurationLanguage + A construction language used to write configuration files. + .ini files + Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages - - - - Riveting - Riveting + + + + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + VolumeFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. + Unit for volume fraction. - - - - DrawForms - DrawForms + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicalParticle + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + Particle + PhysicalParticle + The union of hadron and lepton, or fermion and bosons. + A well defined physical entity, elementary or composite, usually treated as a singular unit, that is found at scales spanning from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of larger scale substances (as the etymology of "particle" suggests). + The scope of the physical particle definition goes from the elementary particles to molecules, as fundamental constituents of substances. - - - - - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. - MathematicalFormula - A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + + + + + AngularWaveNumber + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. + AngularRepetency + AngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105542089 + 12-9.1 + In condensed matter physics, quotient of momentum and the reduced Planck constant. - - - TauAntiNeutrino - TauAntiNeutrino + + + + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + IntentionalAgent + An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. + Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - - - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - EntropyUnit - EntropyUnit + + + + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + Agent + A participant that is the driver of the process. + A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. + An agent is not necessarily human. +An agent plays an active role within the process. +An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - - - - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - CSV - CathodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4016325 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically reduced in the stripping step. A peak-shaped cathodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiNeutrinoType + AntiNeutrinoType - - - - StrippingVoltammetry - - Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) was historically used to measure concentrations of metal ions in solution using cathodic accumulation with mercury to form an amalgam. Due to the toxicity of mercury and its compounds, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have frequently replaced ASV at mercury electrodes in the laboratory, often sacrificing the probing of speciation and lability in complex matrices. Mercury has now been replaced by non-toxic bismuth or anti- mony as films on a solid electrode support (such as glassy carbon) with equally good sensi- tivity and detection limits. - Because the accumulation (pre-concentration) step can be prolonged, increasing the amount of material at the electrode, stripping voltammetry is able to measure very small concentrations of analyte. - Often the product of the electrochemical stripping is identical to the analyte before the accumulation. - Stripping voltammetry is a calibrated method to establish the relation between amount accumulated in a given time and the concentration of the analyte in solution. - Types of stripping voltammetry refer to the kind of accumulation (e.g. adsorptive stripping voltammetry) or the polarity of the stripping electrochemistry (anodic, cathodic stripping voltammetry). - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - StrippingVoltammetry - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the amount of an accumulated species is measured by voltammetry. The measured electric current in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution by calibration. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_stripping_analysis - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Heat + Heat is energy in transfer to or from a thermodynamic system, by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work or transfer of matter. + AmountOfHeat + Heat + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Heat + 5-6.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02752 - - - - - - - - - - - - AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - AbsorbedDose - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose - Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. - 10-81.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 + + + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + AnalogicalIcon + An icon that represents the internal logical structure of the object. + A physics equation is replicating the mechanisms internal to the object. + Electrical diagram is diagrammatic and resemblance + MODA and CHADA are diagrammatic representation of a simulation or a characterisation workflow. + An icon that focus on HOW the object works. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category (b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy (with the same logic) the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart). - - - - - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Emulsion - An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). - Mayonnaise, milk. + + + + + MolarGasConstant + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + MolarGasConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant + 9-37.1 + Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 @@ -13084,553 +12477,497 @@ A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of 5-26 - - - - - VacuumMagneticPermeability - The DBpedia and UIPAC Gold Book definitions (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permeability, https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04504) are outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum. - PermeabilityOfVacuum - VacuumMagneticPermeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectromagneticPermeabilityOfVacuum - 6-26.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Permeability - Measure for how the magnetization of material is affected by the application of an external magnetic field . - ElectromagneticPermeability - Permeability - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeability - 6-26.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04503 - - - - - - - MeanDurationOfLife - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - MeanLifeTime - MeanDurationOfLife - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 - 10-25 - Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - - - + - + - DensityOfVibrationalStates - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - DensityOfVibrationalStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105637294 - 12-12 - quotient of the number of vibrational modes in an infinitesimal interval of angular frequency, and the product of the width of that interval and volume - - - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - - - - - GluonType1 - GluonType1 + LorenzCoefficient + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + LorenzNumber + LorenzCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 + 12-18 + Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - - - - - ShearStrain - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - ShearStrain - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 - 4-17.3 - Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 + + + + DataProcessingApplication + DataProcessingApplication - - - - - - - - - - - ElectricInductance - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - Inductance - ElectricInductance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Inductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-19 - 6-41.1 - A property of an electrical conductor by which a change in current through it induces an electromotive force in both the conductor itself and in any nearby conductors by mutual inductance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + + + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + App + Application + ApplicationProgram + A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. + Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. - - - - - MeanLinearRange - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - MeanLinearRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 - 10-56 - Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 + + + + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + Computer + ComputerSystem + Electronic device capable of processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer - - - - - - - - - - - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 - 10-39 - Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + + + + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + MeasurementTime + The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - - - - - StaticFrictionCoefficient - CoefficientOfStaticFriction - StaticFrictionFactor - StaticFrictionCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-33 - 4-23.1 + + + + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + ComputerScience + A well-formed formula that follows the syntactic rules of computer science. + A well-formed formula in computer science may be or not be interpreted by a computer. For example pseudo-code is only intended for human consumption. - + - - - CoefficientOfFriction - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - FrictionCoefficient - FrictionFactor - CoefficientOfFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1932524 - Dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together; depends on the materials used, ranges from near zero to greater than one. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02530 + + + Attenuation + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + Extinction + Attenuation + 3-26.1 + Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 - + - + - - - SpecificHeatCapacity - Heat capacity divided by mass. - SpecificHeatCapacity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487756 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-48 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Specific_heat_capacity - 5-16.1 - Heat capacity divided by mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05800 + + MagneticVectorPotential + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + MagneticVectorPotential + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 + 6-32 + Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - + - + + - - + + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - AngularAcceleration - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - AngularAcceleration - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularAcceleration - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-46 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_acceleration - 3-13 - vector quantity giving the rate of change of angular velocity - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_acceleration + + LuminanceUnit + LuminanceUnit - - - - - + + + + + RawData + + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + RawData + Direct output of the equipment with the manufacturer’s software including automatic pre-processing that is not modified by the user once the acquisition method is defined and the equipment calibrated. + The raw data is a set of (unprocessed) data that is given directly as output from the detector, usually expressed as a function of time or position, or photon energy. + In mechanical testing, examples of raw data are raw-force, raw-displacement, coordinates as function of time. + In spectroscopic testing, the raw data are light intensity, or refractive index, or optical absorption as a function of the energy (or wavelength) of the incident light beam. + In some cases, raw data can be considered to have already some level of data processing, e.g., in electron microscopy a “raw image” that is formed on the screen is already result from multiple processing after the signal is acquired by the detector. + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + - - - - - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Signal - Index - A 'Sign' that stands for an 'Object' due to causal continguity. - Smoke stands for a combustion process (a fire). -My facial expression stands for my emotional status. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiQuark + AntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. - IterativeWorkflow - A workflow whose steps (iterative steps) are the repetition of the same workflow type. + + + + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - - - - - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. - SerialWorkflow - A workflow whose tasks are tiles of a sequence. + + + + + + + + + + + + Coupled + Coupled - - - - Planing - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. - Hobeln - Planing + + + + + + + T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - - - - Irradiate - Irradiate + + + + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + URN + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + + + + + URI + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + URI + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. + URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WeakBoson - WeakBoson + + + + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + Impedimetry + Measurement principle in which the complex electric impedance of a system is measured, usually as a function of a small amplitude sinusoidal electrode potential. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + - - + + - - Manufacturing - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - DIN 8580:2020 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - Manufacturing - The process of transforming precursor objects (e.g. raw materials) into a product by the use of manual labor, machinery or chemical/biological processes. - Deals with entities that have a defined shape. - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertigungsverfahren + + + + + + + + + + + + EMMO + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + EMMO + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities. + EMMO entities dimensionality is related to their mereocausal structures. From the no-dimensional quantum entity, we introduce time dimension with the elementary concept, and the spacetime with the causal system concept. +The EMMO conceptualisation does not allow the existence of space without a temporal dimension, the latter coming from a causal relation between entities. +For this reason, the EMMO entities that are not quantum or elementaries, may be considered to be always spatiotemporal. The EMMO poses no constraints to the number of spatial dimensions for a causal system (except being higher than one). - + + + + Diameter + The diameter of a circle or a sphere is twice its radius. + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + Diameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Diameter + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-27 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Diameter + 3-1.5 + maximal distance of two points of an object, in a given direction or along a straight line passing through the centre. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diameter + + + + + + + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 + 6-35.1 + Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. + + + - - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - ProductionEngineeringProcess - TechnologyProcess - Class that includes the application of scientific knowledge, tools and techniques in order to transform a precursor object (ex. conversion of material) following a practic purpose. + + + DeepDrawing + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + Tiefziehen + DeepDrawing - + - ReactivePower - Imaginary part of the complex power. - ReactivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144613 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-44 - 6-60 - Imaginary part of the complex power. + RadiantFlux + The radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. + RadiantFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RadiantFlux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05046 - + + + + LinkedFlux + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + LinkedFlux + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 + 6-22.2 + Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + - + - - CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - CatalyticActivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CatalyticActivity - Increase in the rate of reaction of a specified chemical reaction that an enzyme produces in a specific assay system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00881 - - - - - BlueStrangeAntiQuark - BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + MagneticFlux + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + MagneticFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux + 6-22.1 + Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerDensityUnit - PowerDensityUnit - - - - - - - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - CharacterisationProperty - The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - + - - - PhaseDifference - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - DisplacementAngle - PhaseDifference - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 - 6-48 - Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - - - - - - - ConstitutiveProcess - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - ConstitutiveProcess - A process which is an holistic spatial part of an object. - Blood circulation in a human body. - A constitutive process is a process that is holistically relevant for the definition of the whole. + + + NeutronYieldPerFission + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + NeutronYieldPerFission + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 + 10-74.1 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - - - - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. - Gas - Gas is a compressible fluid, a state of matter that has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. + + + + + + RollingResistance + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + RollingDrag + RollingFrictionForce + RollingResistance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 + 4-9.5 + Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - - + + + + + + + + - - + + - - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - Operator - The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - - - - - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - MuonNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino - - - - - - - NonLeakageProbability - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. - NonLeakageProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 - 10-77 - Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + + MathematicalConstruct + MathematicalConstruct - + - - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - The propability for a certain outcome, is the ratio between the number of events leading to the given outcome and the total number of events. - Probability - Probability is a dimensionless quantity that can attain values between 0 and 1; zero denotes the impossible event and 1 denotes a certain event. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04855 + + + Curvature + Inverse of the radius of curvature. + Curvature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature + 3-2 + Inverse of the radius of curvature. - + - - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - CharacterisationDataValidation - Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + InteractionVolume + The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). + In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). + In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - - - - - - - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + + + + ApparentPower + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + ApparentPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 + 6-57 + RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - + - - + - - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PerAreaTimeUnit - PerAreaTimeUnit - - - - - - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 - 10-13.8 - Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + + + + DoseEquivalent + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + DoseEquivalent + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalent + 10-83.1 + A dose quantity used in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02101 @@ -13649,518 +12986,499 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or 3-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are matrices. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - Estimation - A determination of an object without any actual interaction. - - - - - - BondedAtom - A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - -In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. - This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. - BondedAtom - An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + + + + + CouplingFactor + InductiveCouplingFactor + CouplingFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101715 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-41 + 6-42.1 - - - - - - - - + + - - + + - - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. - -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + + + Fugacity + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + Fugacity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Fugacity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898412 + 9-20 + Measure of the tendency of a substance to leave a phase. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02543 + -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + + + + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + IndustrialPlant + Factory + A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled. + -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. - ChemicalElement - Atom - A standalone atom has direct part one 'nucleus' and one 'electron_cloud'. + + + GreenTopAntiQuark + GreenTopAntiQuark + -An O 'atom' within an O₂ 'molecule' is an 'e-bonded_atom'. + + + + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + Exafs + Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + -In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher atomic number atoms, since as soon as it shares its electron it has no nucleus entangled electron cloud. + + + + + SerialStep + SerialStep + -We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus. - An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons. + + + ElectronAntiNeutrino + ElectronAntiNeutrino - - - - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. - IntentionalAgent - An agent that is driven by the intention to reach a defined objective in driving a process. - Intentionality is not limited to human agents, but in general to all agents that have the capacity to decide to act in driving a process according to a motivation. + + + + ShearOrTorsionTesting + + ShearOrTorsionTesting - - - - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. - Agent - A participant that is the driver of the process. - A catalyst. A bus driver. A substance that is initiating a reaction that would not occur without its presence. - An agent is not necessarily human. -An agent plays an active role within the process. -An agent is a participant of a process that would not occur without it. + + + + ElectrolyticDeposition + ElectrolyticDeposition - - - - - - - - - - - LorenzCoefficient - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. - LorenzNumber - LorenzCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LorenzCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105728754 - 12-18 - Quotient of thermal conductivity, and the product of electric conductivity and thermodynamic temperature. + + + + FormingFromIonised + FormingFromIonised - - + + - - + + + 1 - - - ElectricFluxDensity - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - ElectricDisplacement - ElectricFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDisplacementField - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371907 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-40 - 6-12 - Vector quantity obtained at a given point by adding the electric polarization P to the product of the electric field strength E and the electric constant ε0. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". - - - - - PartialPressure - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - PartialPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 - 9-19 - Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. + Measurand + Quantity + https://qudt.org/schema/qudt/Quantity + A quantifiable property of a phenomenon, body, or substance. + length +Rockwell C hardness +electric resistance + measurand + quantity + VIM defines a quantity as a "property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be expressed as a number and a reference". + +A quantity in EMMO is a property and therefore only addresses the first part of the VIM definition (that is a property of a phenomenon, body, or substance). The second part (that it can be expressed as a number and a reference) is syntactic and addressed by emmo:QuantityValue. - + - + - - Pressure - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - Pressure - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure - 4-14.1 - The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - - - - - - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 - 5-17.1 - Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. + ThermalTransmittance + CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634340 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-39 + 5-10.1 + At a point on the surface separating two media with different thermodynamic temperatures, magnitude of the density of heat flow rate φ divided by the absolute value of temperature difference ΔT. - + - - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation - The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - - - - - - MaterialRelation - A material_relation can e.g. return a predefined number, return a database query, be an equation that depends on other physics_quantities. - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - MaterialRelation - An 'equation' that stands for a physical assumption specific to a material, and provides an expression for a 'physics_quantity' (the dependent variable) as function of other variables, physics_quantity or data (independent variables). - The Lennard-Jones potential. -A force field. -An Hamiltonian. + + PeriodDuration + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + Period + PeriodDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Period + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642727 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-06-01 + 3-14 + duration of one cycle of a periodic event + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04493 - - - + + - - - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - + + + + + + - CatalyticActivityUnit - CatalyticActivityUnit - - - - - - HandlingDevice - HandlingDevice - - - - - - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - Equipment - Machine - Device - An object which is instrumental for reaching a particular purpose through its characteristic functioning process, with particular reference to mechanical or electronic equipment. - - - - - - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - DLS - DynamicLightScattering - Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. + NonPrefixedUnit + A measurement unit symbol that do not have a metric prefix as a direct spatial part. - + - - - DragForce - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. - DragForce - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621 - 4-9.6 - Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid. + + + MagneticSusceptibility + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. + MagneticSusceptibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/SUSCEPTIBILITY_MAG.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691463 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-37 + 6-28 + Scalar or tensor quantity the product of which by the magnetic constant μ0 and by the magnetic field strength H is equal to the magnetic polarization J. - + - - - - - - - - - MagneticFieldStrength - Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. - MagnetizingFieldStrength - MagneticFieldStrength - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 - 6-25 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 + + + Degenerency + Multiplicity + Degenerency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 + 9-36.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 - + - - - PropagationCoefficient - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - PropagationCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 - 3-26.3 - Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + + + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. + RatioOfSpecificHeatCapacities + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatCapacityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503869 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-51 + 5-17.1 + Ratio of specific heat capacity at constant pressure cp to specific heat capacity at constant volume cV, thus γ = cp/cV. - + - - Admittance - Inverse of the impendance. - ComplexAdmittance - Admittance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Admittance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214518 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-51 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Admittance - 6-52.1 - Inverse of the impendance. + + Solubility + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. + Solubility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 + The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 - - - - - - - - - - - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. - EngineeredMaterial - ProcessedMaterial - ManufacturedMaterial - A material that is obtained through a manufacturing process. + + + + + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 + 10-15.3 + Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - + - - - - - - - - - PlanckFunction - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. - PlanckFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PlanckFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76364998 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-25 - 5-23 - Ngative quotient of Gibbs energy and temperature. + + SourceVoltage + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + SourceTension + SourceVoltage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 + 6-36 + Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - + + + + Voltage + Correspond to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between two points in a static electric field. + The difference in electric potential between two points. + ElectricPotentialDifference + ElectricTension + Voltage + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Voltage + 6-11.3 + The difference in electric potential between two points. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00424 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06635 + + + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricPotentialUnit - ElectricPotentialUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - - + + + + ParallelWorkflow + ParallelWorkflow + + + + - - + + + + + + - - - Action - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - Action - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 - 4-32 - Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - - - - - - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NuclearSpinQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577403 - 10-13.7 - Quantum number related to the total angular momentum, J, of a nucleus in any specified state, normally called nuclear spin. - - - - - - MicrowaveSintering - MicrowaveSintering + + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. + ResourceIdentifier + A formal computer-interpretable identifier of a system resource. - - - - RadiusOfCurvature - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - RadiusOfCurvature - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-30 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Radius_of_curvature - 3-1.12 - Radius of the osculating circle of a planar curve at a particular point of the curve. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + Real + A real number. + Real + A real number. - - - - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis - FibDic - The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + + + + + MigrationLength + Square root of the migration area, M^2. + MigrationLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98998318 + 10-73.3 + Square root of the migration area, M^2. - + + + + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. + PhaseHomogeneousMixture + A single phase mixture. + + + - - - EffectiveMass - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - EffectiveMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 - 12-30 - The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + + + HalfValueThickness + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. + HalfValueThickness + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-ValueThickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127526 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-34 + 10-53 + Thickness of the attenuating layer that reduces the quantity of interest of a unidirectional beam of infinitesimal width to half of its initial value. - + - - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. - TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 - 10-13.6 - Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + Thickness + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. + Thickness + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589038 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-24 + 3-1.4 + Shortest distance between two surfaces limiting a layer, when this distance can be considered to be constant over a region of a finite size. - - - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - PseudovectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FirstGenerationFermion + FirstGenerationFermion - + - + - - - ThermodynamicTemperature - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - ThermodynamicTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicTemperature - 5-1 - Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature. It is defined by the third law of thermodynamics in which the theoretically lowest temperature is the null or zero point. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06321 + + + LatticeVector + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself + LatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105435234 + 12-1.1 + translation vector that maps the crystal lattice on itself - + - - - LossAngle - Arctan of the loss factor - LossAngle - https://www.qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820438 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-49 - 6-55 - Arctan of the loss factor + + RotationalFrequency + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. + RotationalFrequency + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 + 3-17.2 + Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - + - - - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. - LatentHeatOfPhaseTransition - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106553458 - 9-16 - Energy to be added to or removed from a system under constant temperature and pressure to undergo a complete phase transition. + + + ComptonWavelength + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + ComptonWavelength + https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 + 10-20 + Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength - + + + GluonType2 + GluonType2 + + + + + + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + SolidSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. + Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + - + - + - + @@ -14168,87 +13486,86 @@ An Hamiltonian. - UpAntiQuarkType - UpAntiQuarkType + CharmAntiQuark + CharmAntiQuark - + - T0 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 - DensityUnit - DensityUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit + ElectricChargePerAmountUnit - + - - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - StandardAbsoluteActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89556185 - 9-27.3 + + + ThermalDiffusionFactor + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. + ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249629 + 9-40.2 + Quotient of the thermal diffusion ratio and the product of the local amount-of-substance fractions. - + - - - - - - - - - - EnergyDensityOfStates - Quantity in condensed matter physics. - EnergyDensityOfStates - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyDensityOfStates - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105687031 - 12-16 - Quantity in condensed matter physics. + + + ThermalDiffusionRatio + ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusionRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96249433 + 9-40.1 - - - - - IonTransportNumber - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - CurrentFraction - TransferrenceNumber - IonTransportNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonTransportNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331854 - 9-46 - Faction of electrical current carried by given ionic species. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03181 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06489 + + + + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + Metrological + A language entity used in the metrology discipline. + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - AntiMuon - AntiMuon + + + + + MeanDurationOfLife + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. + MeanLifeTime + MeanDurationOfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758559 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-13 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-47 + 10-25 + Reciprocal of the decay constant λ. - + - + - + - + @@ -14256,1416 +13573,1239 @@ An Hamiltonian. - TopQuark - TopQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark - - - - - - Determined - Determined - - - - - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - Deduced - A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. - - - - - GreenDownQuark - GreenDownQuark - - - - - - Profilometry - - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - Profilometry - Profilometry is a technique used to extract topographical data from a surface. This can be a single point, a line scan or even a full three dimensional scan. The purpose of profilometry is to get surface morphology, step heights and surface roughness. - - - - - - - - - - - - AvogadroConstant - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - AvogadroConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant - The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. - -It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 + UpAntiQuark + UpAntiQuark - - - - - - - - - - - CharacterisationSystem - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - CharacterisationSystem - Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and -adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for -quantities of specified kinds -NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. -NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, -Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO -17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. -NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the -latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, -including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. -NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. - A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - Measuring system + + + + LaserCutting + LaserCutting - - - - - - - - - - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - MeasuringSystem - A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. - --- VIM - measuring system + + + + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + Thermisches Abtragen + ThermalCutting + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - + + - + - + - ElementaryParticle - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - SingleParticleChain - ElementaryParticle - An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. - A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - - - - - - CSharp - C# - CSharp - - - - - - CompiledLanguage - CompiledLanguage - - - - - - - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - SolidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a solid. - Aerogel - - - - - - - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - The negative of ElementaryCharge. - ElectronCharge - The charge of an electron. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - - - - - - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - ArchetypeJoin - Archetype join attaches two workpiece with geometrically defined shape together, using supplementary workpiece made of amorphous material (e.g. powder). - - - - - - JoinManufacturing - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - DIN 8580:2020 - Fügen - JoinManufacturing - A manufacturing involving the creation of long-term connection of several workpieces. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - Nucleus - The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + StandardModelParticle + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + ElementaryParticle + StandardModelParticle + The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. + Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. + Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. + This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). +In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). - - - - Exponent - Exponent + + + + C + C - - - - AlgebricOperator - AlgebricOperator + + + + CompiledLanguage + CompiledLanguage - - + + - - + + - - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - Intensity - Power transferred per unit area. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Measurement + A measurement always implies a causal interaction between the object and the observer. + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + Measurement + An 'observation' that results in a quantitative comparison of a 'property' of an 'object' with a standard reference based on a well defined mesurement procedure. + measurement - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalBoson + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + FundamentalBoson + A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. + A boson that is a single elementary particle. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons + + + + - T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - - - - - TotalCrossSection - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - TotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 - 10-38.2 - Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + + + + + + + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricFluxUnit + ElectricFluxUnit - + - - - - - - - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - AtomicPhysicsCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 - 10-38.1 - Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + + TotalIonization + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + TotalIonization + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 + 10-59 + Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - - - - C - C + + + + + + + + + + + + Structural + Structural - + - - - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AlphaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98146025 - 10-32 - Sum of the kinetic energy of the α-particle produced in the disintegration process and the recoil energy of the product atom in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. - - - - - - - - - - - Acceleration - Derivative of velocity with respect to time. - Acceleration - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration - 3-9.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. - - - - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - DefiningEquation - An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. - The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). + DimensionalUnit + A subclass of measurement unit focusing on the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. + The current version of EMMO does not provide explicit classes for physical dimensions. Rather it embraces the fact that the physical dimensionality of a physical quantity is carried by its measurement unit. -The definition of density as mass/volume. +The role of dimensional unit and its subclasses is to express the physical dimensionality that is carried by the unit. -y = f(x) +Since the dimensionality of a physical quantity can be written as the product of powers of the physical dimensions of the base quantities in the selected system of quantities, the physical dimensionality of a measurement unit is uniquely determined by the exponents. For a dimensional unit, at least one of these exponents must be non-zero (making it disjoint from dimensionless units). - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 1 - - - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Neutron - An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron + + + + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + Assignment + A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. + The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. - - - - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - IonChromatography - Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography + + + + + + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + ThermalTransmittanceUnit + ThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - QuenchingAndTempering - Vergüten - Tempering - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. + ProductionSystem + A network of objects that implements a production process through a series of interconnected elements. - - - - - Spin - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - Spin - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 - 10-10 - Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + + + + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. + Measurer + An observer that makes use of a measurement tool and provides a quantitative property. - + - + - - AngularMomentum - Measure of the extent and direction an object rotates about a reference point. - AngularMomentum - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularMomentum - 4-11 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00353 - - - - - - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - Tomography - Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. - - - - - - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - Variable - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - x -k + + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. + AtomicAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 + 10-52 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - ElectronNeutrino - A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino + + + + + + + T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - + + - + - + - - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. - Job - Task - A procedure that is an hoilistic part of a workflow. - A task is a generic part of a workflow, without taking care of the task granularities. -It means that you can declare that e.g. tightening a bolt is a task of building an airplane, without caring of the coarser tasks to which this tightening belongs. + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + Uncoded + A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. + A random generated id for a product. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - Lepton - An elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) that does not undergo strong interactions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton - + + + + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. - - - - DataProcessingApplication - DataProcessingApplication +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + ProcessEngineeringProcess + Deals with entities that have a undefined shape. Undefined means that the actual shape of the entity that is produced is not relevant for the definition of the process. +In fact, everything has a shape, but in process engineering this is not relevant. + +e.g. the fact that steel comes in sheets is not relevant for the definition of steel material generated in a steel-making process. + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfahrenstechnik - - - - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - App - Application - ApplicationProgram - A program aimed to provide a specific high level function to the user, usually hiding lower level procedures. - Word processors, graphic image processing programs, database management systems, numerical simulation software and games. + + + + HardeningByDrawing + HardeningByDrawing - + - - + - - T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - SquareTimeUnit - SquareTimeUnit + + + + SectionModulus + SectionModulus + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 + 4-22 - - - - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - StandardizedPhysicalQuantity - The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + + + + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + Dielectrometry + Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solid in a solid continuum phase. - Granite, sand, dried concrete. + + + + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + HydrodynamicVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17028237 + Voltammetry with forced flow of the solution towards the electrode surface. A linear potential scan, at sufficiently slow scan rates so as to ensure a steady state response, is usually applied. Mass transport of a redox species enhanced by convection in this way results in a greater electric current. Convective mass transfer occurs up to the diffusion-limiting layer, within which the mass transfer is controlled by diffusion. Electroactive substance depletion outside the diffusion layer is annulled by convective mass transfer, which results in steady- state sigmoidal wave-shaped current-potential curves. The forced flow can be accomplished by movement either of the solution (solution stirring, or channel flow), or of the electrode (electrode rotation or vibration). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - MagneticQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. - MagneticQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 - 10-13.4 - Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + + + + + + + + Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + Illuminance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance + The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 - + + + + + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/UpperCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127634 + 12-36.3 + For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for disappearance of bulk superconductivity. + + + - - Molds - Molds + + + Bending + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + Bending - - - - - ResidualResistivity - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - ResidualResistivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 - 12-17 - for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + + + + Exponent + Exponent - - + + + + AlgebricOperator + AlgebricOperator + + + + - - + + + - - - - ElectricResistivity - Electric field strength divided by the current density. - Resistivity - ElectricResistivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 - 6-44 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + + Plus + Plus - - - - BPMNDiagram - BPMNDiagram + + + + + CanonicalPartitionFunction + CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 + 9-35.2 - + - - SourceVoltage - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. - SourceTension - SourceVoltage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SourceVoltage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185329 - 6-36 - Voltage between the two terminals of a voltage source when there is no electric current through the source. + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricCurrentUnit + ElectricCurrentUnit - + - - ThermomechanicalTreatment - ThermomechanicalTreatment + + PlasticSintering + PlasticSintering - - - - VoltagePhasor - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - VoltagePhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 - 6-50 - Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + + + + FreeForming + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + Non la metterei + Printing forms with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. The workpiece shape is created by free or fixed relative movement between the tool and the workpiece (kinematic shape generation). + FreeForming - - - - - - - - - - AlgebricEquation - An 'equation' that has parts two 'polynomial'-s - AlgebricEquation - 2 * a - b = c + + + + + CarrierLifetime + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors + CarrierLifetime + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CarrierLifetime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046374 + 12-32.2 + Time constant for recombination or trapping of minority charge carriers in semiconductors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BottomQuark - BottomQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + + + + PositionVector + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + PositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192388 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-03-15 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Position_(geometry) + 3-1.10 + Vector quantity from the origin of a coordinate system to a point in space. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position_(geometry) - - - - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece - FromWorkPIecetoWorkPiece + + + + + ExchangeIntegral + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + ExchangeIntegral + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 + 12-34 + constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - + - - Solubility - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - The solubility may be expressed as a concentration, molality, mole fraction, mole ratio, etc. - Solubility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-15 - The analytical composition of a saturated solution, expressed in terms of the proportion of a designated solute in a designated solvent, is the solubility of that solute. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05740 + + PrincipalQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. + PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PrincipalQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867448 + 10-13.2 + Atomic quantum number related to the number n−1 of radial nodes of one-electron wave functions. - + - - LossFactor - Inverse of the quality factor. - LossFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 - 6-54 - Inverse of the quality factor. + + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted usat. + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. + MassRatioOfWaterToDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378860 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-61 + 5-29 + Ratio of the mass of water to the mass of dry matter in a given volume of matter. - - - - - RelativeMassExcess - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassExcess - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassExcess - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038610 - 10-22.1 - Quotient of mass excess and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + ThreePointBendingTesting + + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + ThreePointFlexuralTest + ThreePointBendingTesting + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 + Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test - - - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. - HolisticTemporalPart - TemporalRole - An holistic temporal part of a whole. + + + + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. + HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HyperfineStructureQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97577449 + 10-13.8 + Quantum number of an atom describing the inclination of the nuclear spin with respect to a quantization axis given by the magnetic field produced by the orbital electrons. - + + + + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Detector + Physical device (or the chain of devices) that is used to measure, quantify and store the signal after its interaction with the sample. + Back Scattered Electrons (BSE) and Secondary Electrons (SE) detectors for SEM + Displacement and force sensors for mechanical testing + + + - + - - - MolarVolume - Volume per amount of substance. - MolarVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487112 - 9-5 - Volume per amount of substance. + + + BurgersVector + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + BurgersVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 + 12-6 + Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. - MetrologicalSymbol - A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + + + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + ElectronicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. + Density functional theory. +Hartree-Fock. - + - - - ElectronRadius - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - ElectronRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 - 10-19.2 - Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. - - - - - - PlasticModeling - PlasticModeling + + + + + T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaSquareTimeUnit + AreaSquareTimeUnit - + - + - ParticleSourceDensity - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - ParticleSourceDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 - 10-66 - Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + Exposure + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + Exposure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 + 10-88 + Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - - - - - - - T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - SquareTimePerMassUnit - SquareTimePerMassUnit + + + + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. + Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) + XpsVariableKinetic + X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) is a surface analysis technique which provides both elemental and chemical state information virtually without restriction on the type of material which can be analysed. It is a relatively simple technique where the sample is illuminated with X-rays which have enough energy to eject an electron from the atom. These ejected electrons are known as photoelectrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is characteristic of the element from which the photoelectron originated. The position and intensity of the peaks in an energy spectrum provide the desired chemical state and quantitative information. The surface sensitivity of XPS is determined by the distance that that photoelectron can travel through the material without losing any kinteic energy. These elastiaclly scattered photoelectrons contribute to the photoelectron peak, whilst photoelectrons that have been inelastically scattered, losing some kinetic energy before leaving the material, will contribute to the spectral background. - - - - Punctuation - Punctuation + + + + DropForging + DropForging - + + + GreenBottomQuark + GreenBottomQuark + + + - - ElectricCurrentPhasor - ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 - 6-49 + + + BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + BoltzmannConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant + A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + +It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 - + - - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + CharacterisationSoftware + A software application to process characterisation data + In Nanoindentation post-processing the software used to apply the Oliver-Pharr to calculate the characterisation properties (i.e. elastic modulus, hardness) from load and depth data. - - - - TransferMolding - TransferMolding + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - + + + + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + AdSV + AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry + Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - - - - - - + + - - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. - NumberOfElements - Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. - - - - - - - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - BetaDisintegrationEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 - 10-34 - Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. - - - - - - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - CalibrationDataPostProcessing - Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + + + + ElectricCharge + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + Charge + ElectricCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCharge + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111 + 6-2 + The physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01923 - - - - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - DataPostProcessing - Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + + + + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + C++ + CPlusPlus + A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PerTemperatureTimeUnit - PerTemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit + TemperatureTimeUnit - - - GluonType4 - GluonType4 + + + + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Heteronuclear + A molecule composed of more than one element type. + Nitric oxide (NO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). - - - - - - - - - - - - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - Lifetime - Maximal - Fundamental - A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. - A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. - -On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + + + + + ElectronMass + The rest mass of an electron. + ElectronMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 + -Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. + + + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + SpatiallyRedundant + A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - - - - Widening - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - Weiten - Widening + + + + + + + T+2 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquareTimePerMassUnit + SquareTimePerMassUnit - + - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalTransmittanceUnit - ThermalTransmittanceUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit + AbsorbedDoseUnit - + - - - DragCoefficient - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - DragFactor - DragCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 - 4-23.4 - Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + + + AbsoluteHumidity + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 + 5-28 + Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - + + + + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + Nanoindentation + Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. + By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + + + - - - - - - - - - 1 + + - - - - - - - - Integer - An integer number. - Integer - An integer number. - - - - - - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. - DIN 8580:2020 - Urformen - PrimitiveForming - ArchetypeManufacturing - A manufacturing in which the product is a solid body with a well defined geometrical shape made from shapeless original material parts, whose cohesion is created during the process. + + + + AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + AbsorbedDose + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsorbedDose + Energy imparted to matter by ionizing radiation in a suitable small element of volume divided by the mass of that element of volume. + 10-81.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00031 - - - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - Electron - The class of individuals that stand for electrons elementary particles belonging to the first generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron + + + + + SpecificEnergyImparted + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. + SpecificEnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99566195 + 10-81.2 + In nuclear physics, energy imparted per mass. - - - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. - SpatiallyRedundant - A whole with spatial parts of its same type. + + + + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + DCPolarography + Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - + - - - ThermalConductivity - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. - ThermalConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity - 5-9 - At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - Nucleon - Either a proton or a neutron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleon + + VolumicCrossSection + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + MacroscopicCrossSection + VolumicCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280520 + 10-42.1 + In nuclear physics, product of the number density of atoms of a given type and the cross section. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03674 - + + + + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + URL + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + + + + RadiantEnergy + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + RadiantEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 + 10-45 + Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + + + - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit - ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + TimeUnit + TimeUnit - + + - - ComptonWavelength - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - ComptonWavelength - https://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ComptonWavelength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145377 - 10-20 - Quotient of the Planck constant and the product of the mass of the particle and the speed of light in vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_wavelength + HartreeEnergy + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + HartreeEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/E_h.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476572 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Hartree + 10-8 + Energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02748 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Component - A constituent of a system. - Component - A constituent of a system. + + + + Filling + Filling - + - - - TotalAngularMomentum - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - TotalAngularMomentum - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentum - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97496506 - 10-11 - Vector quantity in a quantum system composed of the vectorial sum of angular momentum L and spin s. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DownQuarkType - DownQuarkType + + + MolarInternalEnergy + Internal energy per amount of substance. + MolarInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88523106 + 9-6.1 + Internal energy per amount of substance. - + - + - - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - AtomicAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592911 - 10-52 - Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the number density, n, of atoms in the substance. - - - - - - ShearOrTorsionTesting - - ShearOrTorsionTesting + + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + UnifiedAtomicMassConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 + 10-4.3 + 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 - - - - - - - - - - - AcceptorDensity - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. - AcceptorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AcceptorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979968 - 12-29.5 - quotient of number of acceptor levels and volume. + + + + + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + Aerosol + A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - + - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiLepton - AntiLepton - - - - - - TransportationDevice - TransportationDevice + GreenUpQuark + GreenUpQuark - - - - - CountingUnit - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - CountingUnit - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/NUM - 1 - Unit for dimensionless quantities that have the nature of count. - Unit of atomic number -Unit of number of cellular -Unit of degeneracy in quantum mechanics + + + + + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. + EBSD + ElectronBackscatterDiffraction + Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In this configuration, the SEM incident beam hits the tilted sample. As backscattered electrons leave the sample, they interact with the crystal's periodic atomic lattice planes and diffract according to Bragg's law at various scattering angles before reaching the phosphor screen forming Kikuchi patterns (EBSPs). EBSD spatial resolution depends on many factors, including the nature of the material under study and the sample preparation. Thus, EBSPs can be indexed to provide information about the material's grain structure, grain orientation, and phase at the micro-scale. EBSD is applied for impurities and defect studies, plastic deformation, and statistical analysis for average misorientation, grain size, and crystallographic texture. EBSD can also be combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), and wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) for advanced phase identification and materials discovery. - - - - FractionUnit - Quantities that are ratios of quantities of the same kind (for example length ratios and amount fractions) have the option of being expressed with units (m/m, mol/mol to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed and also allow the use of SI prefixes, if this -is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). --- SI Brochure - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. - RatioUnit - FractionUnit - Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed. + + + + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. + SEM + ScanningElectronMicroscopy + The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons to generate a variety of signals at the surface of solid specimens. The signals that derive from electron-sample interactions reveal information about the sample including external morphology (texture), chemical composition, and crystalline structure and orientation of materials making up the sample. - + - - - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. - LinearAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98583077 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-31 - 10-49 - In nuclear physics, fraction of interacting particles per distance traversed in a given material. + + + MassFractionOfDryMatter + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 + 5-32 + Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - + - - - DebyeTemperature - DebyeTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 - 12-11 - - - - - - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - AmperiometricDetection - AmperometricCurrentTimeCurve - Chronoamperometry - Amperometry in which the current is measured as a function of time after a change in the applied potential. If the potential step is from a potential at which no current flows (i.e., at which the oxidation or reduction of the electrochemically active species does not take place) to one at which the current is limited by diffusion (see diffusion-limited current), the current obeys the Cottrell equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + MassFraction + Mass of a constituent divided by the total mass of all constituents in the mixture. + MassFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFraction + 9-11 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03722 - - - - Amperometry - Amperometry can be distinguished from voltammetry by the parameter being controlled (electrode potential E) and the parameter being measured (electrode current I which is usually a function of time – see chronoamperometry). In a non-stirred solution, a diffusion-limited current is usually measured, which is propor-tional to the concentration of an electroactive analyte. The current is usually faradaic and the applied potential is usually constant. The integral of current with time is the electric charge, which may be related to the amount of substance reacted by Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - Amperometry - The amperometric method provides the ability to distinguish selectively between a number of electroactive species in solution by judicious selection of the applied potential and/or choice of electrode material. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. + NaturalMaterial + A Material occurring in nature, without the need of human intervention. - - - - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - PrecipitationHardening - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + + + + + + + + + + AmountConcentration + The amount of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture. + Concentration + MolarConcentration + Molarity + AmountConcentration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstanceConcentrationOfB + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00295 - - - - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. - DynamicMechanicalAnalysis - Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA) is a characterisation technique where a sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature[1] of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. + + + + + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Behaviour + A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. + Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. - - - - - Extrusion - Extrusion + + + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. + HolisticTemporalPart + TemporalRole + An holistic temporal part of a whole. - + - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - GasLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a gas continuum phase. - Rain, spray. + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + GasSolidSuspension + A coarse dispersion of solid in a gas continuum phase. + Dust, sand storm. - + - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalResistanceUnit - ThermalResistanceUnit - - - - - - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - FE-SEM - FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy - Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit + QuarticLengthPerTimeUnit - - - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - DataQuality - Evaluation of quality indicators to determine how well suited a data set is to be used for the characterisation of a material. - Example evaluation of S/N ratio, or other quality indicators (limits of detection/quantification, statistical analysis of data, data robustness analysis) + + + + + + + T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + PermittivityUnit + PermittivityUnit - - + + - - - 1 + + + + + + + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + Cogniser + An interpreter who establish the connection between an icon an an object recognizing their resemblance (e.g. logical, pictorial) + The scientist that connects an equation to a physical phenomenon. + + + + + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + Cognised + A semiotic object that is recognised by an interpreter (a cogniser) when establishing a connection between the object and an icon. + A physical phenomenon that is connected to an equation by a scientist. + + + + + + + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + Gel + A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + + + + + + + HalfLife + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + HalfLife + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Half-Life + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98118544 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-12 + 10-31 + Mean duration required for the decay of one half of the atoms or nuclei. + + + + + + + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + FermiAnglularRepetency + FermiAnglularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554303 + 12-9.2 + angular wavenumber of electrons in states on the Fermi sphere + + + + + + + AngularWavenumber + Magnitude of the wave vector. + AngularRepetency + AngularWavenumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30338487 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-12 + 3-22 + Magnitude of the wave vector. + + + + - - - 1 + + - - QuantityValue - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). - -So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. - -While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. - QuantityValue - A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). - 6.8 m -0.9 km -8 K -6 MeV -43.5 HRC(150 kg) - quantity value - A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + + + + + + + + + + + + + Density + Quantity representing the spatial distribution of mass in a continuous material. + MassConcentration + MassDensity + Density + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Density + 4-2 + 9-10 + Mass per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01590 @@ -15677,1360 +14817,1539 @@ While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. The interpreter's internal representation of the object in a semiosis process. - + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricResistivity + Electric field strength divided by the current density. + Resistivity + ElectricResistivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Resistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108193 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-04 + 6-44 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05316 + + + + + + + KineticFrictionForce + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + DynamicFrictionForce + KineticFrictionForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91005629 + 4-9.4 + Force opposing the motion of a body sliding on a surface. + + + - - LowPressureCasting - LowPressureCasting + + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. + AssemblyLine + A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - + - - Casting - Casting + + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + ManufacturingSystem + A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - - - LeftHandedParticle - LeftHandedParticle + + + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityUnit - - - - BlowMolding - BlowMolding + + + BlueDownQuark + BlueDownQuark - + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperatureUnit - TemperatureUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit + MagneticFluxDensityUnit - + - + - AngularVelocity - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - AngularVelocity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity - 3-12 - Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - Substance - A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - - - - - - CentrifugalCasting - CentrifugalCasting + + MagneticFieldStrength + Strength of a magnetic field. Commonly denoted H. + MagnetizingFieldStrength + MagneticFieldStrength + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28123 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-56 + 6-25 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03683 - - + + - T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit + AbsorbedDoseRateUnit - + - - - PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - PlanckConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PlanckConstant - The quantum of action. It defines the kg base unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04685 + + + HoleDensity + Number of holes in valence band per volume. + HoleDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 + 12-29.2 + Number of holes in valence band per volume. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StandardModelParticle - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - ElementaryParticle - StandardModelParticle - The union of all classes categorising elementary particles according to the Standard Model. - Disjointness comes from the fact that standard model elementary particles are entities that possess objectively distinct and singular characters. - Graviton is included, even if it is an hypothetical particle, to enable causality for gravitational interactions. - This class represents only real particles that are the input and output of a Feynman diagram, and hence respect the E²-p²c²=m²c⁴ energy-momentum equality (on the mass shell). -In the EMMO the virtual particles (off the mass shell), the internal propagators of the interaction within a Feynman diagram, are not represented as mereological entities but as object relations (binary predicates). + + + + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. + VolumetricNumberDensity + Count per volume. - - - Quantum - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - Quantum - A quantum is the most fundamental item (both mereologically and causally) and is considered causally self-connected by definition. -The quantum concept recalls the fact that there is lower epistemological limit to our knowledge of the universe, related to the uncertainity principle. -Space and time emerge following the network of causal connections between quantum objects. So quantum objects are adimensional objects, that precede space and time dimensions: they are simple beings (in greek οντα). -Using physics concepts, we can think the quantum as an elementary particle (e.g. an electron) in a specific state between two causal interactions. - The class of entities without proper parts. - The class of the mereological and causal fundamental entities. - From a physics perspective a quantum can be related to smallest identifiable entities, according to the limits imposed by the uncertainty principle in space and time measurements. -However, the quantum mereotopology approach is not restricted only to physics. For example, in a manpower management ontology, a quantum can stand for an hour (time) of a worker (space) activity. - A quantum is the EMMO mereological atomistic and causal reductionistic entity. To avoid confusion with the concept of atom coming from physics and to underline the causal reductionistic approach, we will use the expression quantum mereology, instead of atomistic mereology. + + + + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + Smoke + Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + + + + + + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + SolidAerosol + An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - - - - ElectroSinterForging - ElectroSinterForging + + + + Enthalpy + Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. + Enthalpy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy + 5.20-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 - + - T+2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AreaSquareTimeUnit - AreaSquareTimeUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit + EntropyPerMassUnit - + - - + - - T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - AmountPerAreaUnit - AmountPerAreaUnit - - - - - - Thermogravimetry - - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). - TGA - Thermogravimetry - Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes. This measurement provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorptions, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction). + + + + SpecificVolume + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + MassicVolume + SpecificVolume + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 + 4-3 + inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - + + + + + + + + - - InternalConversionFactor - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - InternalConversionCoefficient - InternalConversionFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalConversionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047819 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-02-57 - 10-35 - Quotient of the number of internal conversion electrons and the number of gamma quanta emitted by the radioactive atom in a given transition, where a conversion electron represents an orbital electron emitted through the radioactive decay. - - - - - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - MeasurementProcedure - ProcedureUnit - A reference unit provided by a measurement procedure. - Rockwell C hardness of a given sample (150 kg load): 43.5HRC(150 kg) - Procedure units and measurement units are disjoint. - - - - - - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. - SolidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + GyromagneticRatio + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + GyromagneticCoefficient + MagnetogyricRatio + GyromagneticRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/GyromagneticRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634552 + 10-12.1 + Ratio of magnetic dipole moment to total angular momentum. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03693 - + - - - - - T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - VolumePerTimeUnit - VolumePerTimeUnit + + TotalCurrentDensity + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. + TotalCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 + 6-20 + Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - - - - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - QueryLanguage - A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. - SQL, SPARQL - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + ACVoltammetry + + The resulting alternating current is plotted versus imposed DC potential. The obtained AC voltammogram is peak-shaped. + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + ACV + ACVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120895154 + voltammetry in which a sinusoidal alternating potential of small amplitude (10 to 50 mV) of constant frequency (10 Hz to 100 kHz) is superimposed on a slowly and linearly varying potential ramp + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - PhaseSpeedOfElectromagneticWaves - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticWavePhaseSpeed - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77990619 - 6-35.1 - Angular frequency divided by angular wavenumber. - - - - - - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - NanoMaterial - Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + + + VolumeFraction + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + VolumeFraction + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction + 9-14 + Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 - - - - SecondaryData - - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Elaborated data - SecondaryData - Data resulting from the application of post-processing or model generation to other data. - Deconvoluted curves - Intensity maps + + + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. + ExactConstant + Physical constant used to define a unit system. Hence, when expressed in that unit system they have an exact value with no associated uncertainty. - + - + + + PeltierCoefficient + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + PeltierCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 + 12-22 + Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + + + - VolumicTotalCrossSection - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms - MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - VolumicTotalCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MacroscopicTotalCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98280548 - 10-42.2 - Product of the number density na of the atoms and the cross section σ_tot for a given type of atoms + + NuclidicMass + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + NuclidicMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97010809 + 10-4.2 + Rest mass of a nuclide X in the ground state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04258 - - - - - - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. - ScientificTheory - A scientific theory is a description, objective and observed, produced with scientific methodology. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + ISQBaseQuantity + Base quantities defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ). + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:80000:-1:ed-1:v1:en:sec:3.1 + InternationalSystemOfQuantity + Quantities declared under the ISO 80000. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Quantities - - - CrystallineMaterial - Suggestion of Rickard Armiento - CrystallineMaterial + + + + + RotationalDisplacement + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + AngularDisplacement + RotationalDisplacement + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305038 + 3-6 + Quotient of the traversed circular path length of a point in space during a rotation and its distance from the axis or centre of rotation. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_displacement - - - - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. - LevelOfAutomation - Describes the level of automation of the test. + + + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. + TensorMeson + A meson with spin two. - + - GluonType5 - GluonType5 + GluonType8 + GluonType8 - - - - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - Assignment - A estimation of a property by a criteria based on the pre-existing knowledge of the estimator. - The Argon gas in my bottle has ionisation energy of 15.7596 eV. This is not measured but assigned to this material by previous knowledge. + + + + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. + https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants + CategorizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to some domain of interests (e.g. metallurgy, chemistry), property (intensive/extensive) or application. - + - + + - - + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - SpecificVolume - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - MassicVolume - SpecificVolume - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificVolume - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683556 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-09 - 4-3 - inverse of the mass density ρ, thus v = 1/ρ. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05807 - - - - - - - NeelTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - NeelTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 - 12-35.2 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - - - - - - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - AreaFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. - Unit for solid angle. + + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit + ElectricFieldStrengthUnit - - - - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - AmountFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. - Unit for amount fraction. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + NeutrinoType + An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino - + - - - ElectronMass - The rest mass of an electron. - ElectronMass - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ElectronMass - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02008 - - - - - - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. - PhaseHomogeneousMixture - A single phase mixture. + + + LarmonFrequency + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. + LarmonFrequency + 10-15.2 + Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - - - - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. - Mixture - A Miixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are physically (not chemically) combined. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). + HolisticPart + Part + Role + An entity that is categorized according to its relation with a whole through a parthood relation and that contributes to it according to an holistic criterion, where the type of the whole is not the type of the part. + In this class the concept of role and part are superimposed (the term part is also used to define the role played by an actor). +Here entities are categorized according to their relation with the whole, i.e. how they contribute to make a specific whole, and not what they are as separate entities. +This class is expected to host the definition of world objects as they appear in its relation with the surrounding whole (being a part implies being surrounded by something bigger to which it contributes). - - - - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - AlphaSpectrometry - Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + + + + MergingManufacturing + AddingManufacturing + MergingManufacturing - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Semiosis - A 'Process', that has participant an 'Interpreter', that is aimed to produce a 'Sign' representing another participant, the 'Object'. - Me looking a cat and saying loud: "Cat!" -> the semiosis process - -me -> interpreter -cat -> object (in Peirce semiotics) -the cat perceived by my mind -> interpretant -"Cat!" -> sign, the produced sign - - - - - - - MolarEnthalpy - MolarEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 - Enthalpy per amount of substance. - 9-6.2 + + AngularVelocity + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + AngularVelocity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularVelocity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-41 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Angular_velocity + 3-12 + Axial vector quantity describing the rotation around an axis, with magnitude ω=|dφ/dt|, where dφ is the plane angle change during the infinitesimal time interval with duration dt, and with direction along the axis for which the rotation is clockwise. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity - + - - - ParticlePositionVector - Position vector of a particle. - ParticlePositionVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 - 12-7.1 - Position vector of a particle. + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + DerivedQuantity + "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". + derived quantity - + - + - - - PositionVector - In the usual geometrical three-dimensional space, position vectors are quantities of the dimension length. - --- IEC - Position vectors are so-called bounded vectors, i.e. their magnitude and direction depend on the particular coordinate system used. + + SolubilityProduct + For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + SolubilityProductConstant + SolubilityProduct + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 + product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 + --- ISO 80000-3 - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. - Position - PositionVector - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PositionVector - Vector r characterizing a point P in a point space with a given origin point O. + + + + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + CompressionTesting + Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - - - - FormingBlasting - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - Umformstrahlen - FormingBlasting + + + + + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). + CharacterisationProperty + The characterisation property is the investigate property or behaviour of a sample. It is derived from the secondary data, usually after classification or quantification (manually or by a model). - - - - PathLength - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - ArcLength - PathLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Arc_length - 3-1.7 - Length of a rectifiable curve between two of its points. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length + + + + + + + + + + + + + Component + A constituent of a system. + Component + A constituent of a system. - - - - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - DSC - DifferentialScanningCalorimetry - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + + + + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. + RapidPrototyping + Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - + - - Nailing - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - Nageln - Nailing + + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + GenerativeManufacturing + AdditiveManufacturing + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, - - + + + + + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + StoichiometricNumberOfSubstance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StoichiometricNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95443720 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-22 + 9-29 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06025 + + + + - - + + - - Existent - 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). - -'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. - -This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. - -e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. - -By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. + + MeasurementResult + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + Result of a measurement. -Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. - Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. -Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. - true - Existent - A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. - +-- VIM + MeasurementResult + Result of a measurement. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalBoson - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - FundamentalBoson - A particle with integer spin that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. - A boson that is a single elementary particle. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson#Elementary_bosons - +A set of quantites being attributed to a measurand (measured quantitative property) together with any other available relevant information, like measurement uncertainty. - - - BlueTopAntiQuark - BlueTopAntiQuark +-- VIM + measurement result + A measurement result generally contains “relevant information” about the set of measured quantity properties, such that some may be more representative of the measured quantity than others. This may be expressed in the form of a probability density function (pdf). + A measurement result has the measured quantity, measurement uncertainty and other relevant attributes as holistic parts. - - - - ThreePointBendingTesting - - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - ThreePointFlexuralTest - ThreePointBendingTesting - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300905 - Method of mechanical testing that provides values for the modulus of elasticity in bending, flexural stress, flexural strain, and the flexural stress–strain response of a material sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test + + + + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation + A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. + Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. - - - - + + + - - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit - - - - - + + - ReactionEnergy - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - ReactionEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 - 10-37.1 - In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + MassExcess + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + MassExcess + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassExcess + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571163 + 10-21.1 + Difference between the mass of an atom, and the product of its mass number and the unified mass constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03719 - + - - + - - T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + + + + ElectronDensity + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + ElectronDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 + 12-29.1 + Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - - - - - AbsoluteHumidity - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. - MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AbsoluteHumidity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWaterVapour - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-60 - 5-28 - Mass of the contained water vapour per volume. + + + + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. + DSC + DifferentialScanningCalorimetry + Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment. Generally, the temperature program for a DSC analysis is designed such that the sample holder temperature increases linearly as a function of time. The reference sample should have a well-defined heat capacity over the range of temperatures to be scanned. Additionally, the reference sample must be stable, of high purity, and must not experience much change across the temperature scan. Typically, reference standards have been metals such as indium, tin, bismuth, and lead, but other standards such as polyethylene and fatty acids have been proposed to study polymers and organic compounds, respectively. - + + + + + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + IterativeStep + A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. + Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + + + + + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + QuantumAnnihilation + A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + + + + + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + CausalCollapse + A causal collapse is a fundamental interaction that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m>n. + + + - - + - - T0 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - VolumePerMassUnit - VolumePerMassUnit + + + + Mobility + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + Mobility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 + 10-61 + Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 - - - - FormingFromIonised - FormingFromIonised + + + + + + + + + + + + + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. + Observation + A characterisation of an object with an actual interaction. - - - - FlameCutting - FlameCutting + + + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. + The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, + IonAtom + A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - - - - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - Thermisches Abtragen - ThermalCutting - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + MeasurementDataPostProcessing + Application of a post-processing model to signals through a software, in order to calculate the final characterisation property. + Analysis of SEM (or optical) images to gain additional information (image filtering/integration/averaging, microstructural analysis, grain size evaluation, Digital Image Correlation procedures, etc.). In nanoindentation testing, this is the Oliver-Pharr method, which allows calculating the elastic modulus and hardness of the sample by using the load and depth measured signals. - - - - - KineticFrictionFactor - DynamicFrictionFactor - KineticFrictionFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 - 4-23.2 + + + + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. + DataPostProcessing + Analysis, that allows one to calculate the final material property from the calibrated primary data. - + - - RefractiveIndex - Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. - RefractiveIndex - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 + + + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + OsmoticFactorOfSolvent + OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 + 9-27.2 + Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + Lifetime + Maximal + Fundamental + A whole that represent the overall lifetime of the world object that represents according to some holistic criteria. + A marathon is an example of class whose individuals are always maximal since the criteria satisfied by a marathon 4D entity poses some constraints on its temporal and spatial extent. + +On the contrary, the class for a generic running process does not necessarily impose maximality to its individuals. A running individual is maximal only when it extends in time for the minimum amount required to identify a running act, so every possible temporal part is always a non-running. + +Following the two examples, a marathon individual is a maximal that can be decomposed into running intervals. The marathon class is a subclass of running. - - - + + + - - - T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + Semiotics + Semiotics - + - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricResistivityUnit - ElectricResistivityUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueQuark - BlueQuark - - - - - - DisplacementCurrent - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. - DisplacementCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853178 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-43 - 6-19.1 - Scalar quantity equal to the flux of the displacement current density JD through a given directed surface S. + PerLengthTimeUnit + PerLengthTimeUnit - - - - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. - CoulometricTitration - Titration in which the titrant is generated electrochemically, either by constant current or at constant potential. The titrant reacts stoichiometrically with the analyte, the amount of which is calculated using Faraday’s laws of electrolysis from the electric charge required to reach the end-point. Coulometric titrations are usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode using a large surface working electrode. The reference and auxiliary electrodes are located in sepa- rate compartments. A basic requirement is a 100 % current efficiency of titrant generation at the working electrode. End-point detection can be accomplished with potentiometry, amperometry, biamperometry, bipotentiometry, photometry, or by using a visual indicator. The main advantages are that titration is possible with less stable titrants, the standardi- zation of titrant is not necessary, the volume of the test solution is not changed, and the method is easily automated. + + + + InspectionDevice + InspectionDevice - + - - Coulometry - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - Coulometry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136979 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-13 - Electrochemical measurement principle in which the electric charge required to carry out a known electrochemical reaction is measured. By Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, the amount of substance is proportional to the charge. Coulometry used to measure the amount of substance is a primary reference measurement procedure [VIM 2.8] not requiring calibration with a standard for a quantity of the same kind (i.e. amount of substance). The coulometric experiment can be carried out at controlled (constant) potential (see direct coulometry at controlled potential) or controlled (constant) current (see direct coulometry at controlled current). - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulometry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + DataProcessingThroughCalibration + Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - + - + - - ElectronDensity - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. - ElectronDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronDensity - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=705-06-05 - 12-29.1 - Number of electrons in conduction band per volume. + + ParticleFluenceRate + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. + ParticleFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98497410 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-16 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-19 + 10-44 + Differential quotient of fluence Φ with respect to time. - + + + + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + Ellipsometry + Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SecondGenerationFermion + SecondGenerationFermion + + + - + + + StaticFrictionForce + StaticFriction + StaticFrictionForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 + 4-9.3 + + + + + + - - + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - Exposure - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. - Exposure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Exposure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-32 - 10-88 - Absolute value of the electric charge of ions produced in dry air by X- or gamma radiation per mass of air. + + MassPerAmountUnit + MassPerAmountUnit - - + + - - + + - - - - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 - 4-21.2 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + Meson + Hadronic subatomic particles composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks bound together by strong interactions. + Most mesons are composed of one quark and one antiquark. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson + + + + + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + HybridMatter + Matter composed of both matter and antimatter fundamental particles. + + + + + + + + + + + + + CompositeBoson + CompositeBoson + Examples of composite particles with integer spin: +spin 0: H1 and He4 in ground state, pion +spin 1: H1 and He4 in first excited state, meson +spin 2: O15 in ground state. - + - + - - MagneticFlux - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - MagneticFlux - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-21 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Magnetic_flux - 6-22.1 - Measure of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03684 + + MassAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. + MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98591983 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-27 + 10-50 + Quotient of the linear attenuation coefficient µ and the mass density ρ of the medium. - - - - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - DTA - DifferentialThermalAnalysis - Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + + + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). + ResemblanceIcon + An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. + A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. + An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - + + + ActivePower + Average power over a period. + ActivePower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 + 6-56 + Average power over a period. + + + + - - + + - - - PressureCoefficient - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - PressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 - 5-4 - Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. - - - - - - - - - - + + - - + + + + + + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + DataProcessing + A computation that provides a data output following the elaboration of some input data, using a data processing application. + + + + + + + + - + + Minus + Minus + + + + + - - - - - - - + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - The interpreter is not the ontologist, being the ontologist acting outside the ontology at the meta-ontology level. + PerVolumeUnit + PerVolumeUnit + -On the contrary, the interpreter is an agent recognized by the ontologist. The semiotic branch of the EMMO is the tool used by the ontologist to represent an interpreter's semiotic activity. - Interpreter - The entity (or agent, or observer, or cognitive entity) who connects 'Sign', 'Interpretant' and 'Object'. - For example, the ontologist may be interest in cataloguing in the EMMO how the same object (e.g. a cat) is addressed using different signs (e.g. cat, gatto, chat) by different interpreters (e.g. english, italian or french people). + + + + + + + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + JosephsonConstantUnit + JosephsonConstantUnit + -The same applies for the results of measurements: the ontologist may be interest to represent in the EMMO how different measurement processes (i.e. semiosis) lead to different quantitative results (i.e. signs) according to different measurement devices (i.e. interpreters). + + + AntiTau + AntiTau - + - - ReferenceSample - - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + Polishing + Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - ReferenceSpecimen - Certified Reference Material - Reference material - ReferenceSample - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with reference to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in measurement or in examination -NOTE 1 Reference materials can be certified reference materials or reference materials without a certified property -value. -NOTE 2 For a reference material to be used as a measurement standard for calibration purposes it needs to be a certified reference material. -NOTE 3 Reference materials can be used for measurement precision evaluation and quality control. -EXAMPLE Human serum without an assigned quantity value for the amount-of-substance concentration of the inherent cholesterol, used for quality control. -NOTE 4 Properties of reference materials can be quantities or nominal properties. -NOTE 5 A reference material is sometimes incorporated into a specially fabricated device. -EXAMPLE Spheres of uniform size mounted on a microscope slide. -NOTE 6 Some reference materials have assigned values in a unit outside the SI. Such materials include vaccines to -which International Units (IU) have been assigned by the World Health Organization. -NOTE 7 A given reference material can only be used for one purpose in a measurement, either calibration or quality -control, but not both. -NOTE 8 ISO/REMCO has an analogous definition but uses the term “measurement process” (ISO Guide 30, Reference -materials – Selected terms and definitions, definition 2.1.1) for both measurement and examination. + + + + + LongRangeOrderParameter + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + LongRangeOrderParameter + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 + 12-5.2 + Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Quality control sample used to determine accuracy and precision of method. [ISO 17858:2007] - Material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties, which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process”. - Reference material + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ForceAreaUnit + ForceAreaUnit - - - - URI - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] - URI - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:URI_syntax_diagram.svg - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment] + + + + + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + BetaDisintegrationEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98148340 + 10-34 + Sum of the maximum beta-particle kinetic energy and the recoil energy of the atom produced in a reference frame in which the emitting nucleus is at rest before its disintegration. + + + + + + + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + SolidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - + + + + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + Sol + A colloid in which small particles (1 nm to 100 nm) are suspended in a continuum phase. + + + - - ElectricImpedance - Measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied. - Impedance - ElectricImpedance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Impedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-43 - 6-51.1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance + + SpecificInternalEnergy + Internal energy per unit mass. + SpecificInternalEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 + 5-21.2 + Internal energy per unit mass. - + - - - ActivityOfSolvent - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - ActivityOfSolvent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 - 9-27.1 - For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + + Work + Product of force and displacement. + Work + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Work + Product of force and displacement. + 4-28.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06684 - + - + - - StructureFactor - Mathematical description in crystallography. - StructureFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 - 12-5.4 - Mathematical description in crystallography. + + + ElectricFieldStrength + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + ElectricFieldStrength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 + 6-10 + Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - - - - - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - IterativeStep - A workflow whose output ca be used as input for another workflow of the same type, iteratively, within the framework of a larger workflow. - Jacobi method numerical step, involving the multiplication between a matrix A and a vector x, whose result is used to update the vector x. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. + AntiMatter + Antimatter is matter that is composed only of the antiparticles of those that constitute ordinary matter. + This branch is not expanded due to the limited use of such entities. - - - - - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - Modelling - Simulation - A estimation of a property using a functional icon. - I calculate the electrical conductivity of an Ar-He plasma with the Chapman-Enskog method and use the value as property for it. + + + + + + + T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit + ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - - - - - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. - Guess - A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + + + + CurrentLinkage + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + CurrentLinkage + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 + 6-37.4 + For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - - - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The word subjective applies to property intrisically subjective or non-well defined. In general, when an black-box-like procedure is used for the definition of the property. - -This happens due to e.g. the complexity of the object, the lack of a underlying model for the representation of the object, the non-well specified meaning of the property symbols. + + + + LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. -A 'SubjectiveProperty' cannot be used to univocally compare 'Object'-s. +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + LogarithmicUnit + http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/LogarithmicUnit + A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. + Decibel + Note that logarithmic units like decibel or neper are not univocally defines, since their definition depends on whether they are used to measure a "power" or a "root-power" quantity. -e.g. you cannot evaluate the beauty of a person on objective basis. - Subjective - A coded conventional that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community) acting as black-box. - The beauty of that girl. -The style of your clothing. +It is advisory to create a uniquely defined subclass these units for concrete usage. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_scale#Logarithmic_units - + - - + + + + + + + + + + Area + Extent of a surface. + Area + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area + 3-3 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + CausalChain + Elementary + CausalPath + A causal chain is an ordered causal sequence of entities that does not host any bifurcation within itself (a chain). A chain can only be partitioned in time. + The class of entities that possess a temporal structure but no spatial structure. + An electron with at least one causal interaction with another particle. + hasTemporalPart min 2 (Elementary or Quantum) + + + + + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + Deduced + A semantic object that is connected to an index sign by an interpreter (a deducer) by causal cogiguity. + + + + + - - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit - ElectricChargePerTemperatureUnit + + + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + Manufacturer + A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - - - - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). - FunctionDefinition - MathematicalFunction - A function defined using functional notation. - y = f(x) + + + + + + + + + + + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + StrictFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - + - - AtomicScatteringFactor - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - AtomicScatteringFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 - 12-5.3 - Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor + + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 + 12-2.1 + Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - - - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. - SpatialTile - A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in spatial parts. + + + BlueCharmQuark + BlueCharmQuark - - - - PhotochemicalProcesses - PhotochemicalProcesses + + + + + MassConcentrationOfWater + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. + The mass concentration of water at saturation is denoted wsat. + MassConcentrationOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassConcentrationOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76378758 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-59 + 5-27 + Quotient of the mass of water in a three-dimensional domain, irrespective of the form of aggregation, by the volume of the domain. - - - - + + + - - T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit - MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + + + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + MeasuringSystem + A set of one or more 'MeasuringInstruments' and often other devices, including any reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + +-- VIM + measuring system - - + + - T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - MassPerElectricChargeUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - VolumicElectromagneticEnergy - ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 - 6-33 - Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - - - - - - SamplePreparationInstrument - - SamplePreparationInstrument + LengthUnit + LengthUnit - - - AmorphousMaterial - NonCrystallineMaterial - AmorphousMaterial + + + RedDownAntiQuark + RedDownAntiQuark - + - - - - - - - - - BurgersVector - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. - BurgersVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BurgersVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623093 - 12-6 - Vector characterising a dislocation in a crystal lattice. + + + PhaseCoefficient + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + PhaseChangeCoefficient + PhaseCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 + 3-26.2 + Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. + The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant - - - - - - - - - - - Radioactivity - Decays per unit time. - RadioactiveActivity - Radioactivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity - Decays per unit time. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 + + + + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + Organisation + An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - + - + - + - + @@ -17038,2477 +16357,2803 @@ The style of your clothing. - CharmQuark - CharmQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + TopQuark + TopQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark - - - - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. - HardnessTesting - A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + + + + + + + + + + SurfaceActivityDensity + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. + SurfaceActivityDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 + 10-30 + Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - - - - - MolarGasConstant - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - MolarGasConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/MolarGasConstant - 9-37.1 - Equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole (rather than energy per temperature increment per particle). - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02579 + + + + + + + + + + + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. + Nucleus + The small, dense region at the centre of an atom consisting of protons and neutrons. - - - - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Join - A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + SpecificGibbsEnergy + Gibbs energy per unit mass. + SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 + 5-21.5 + Gibbs energy per unit mass. - - - - - DisplacementVector - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. - DisplacementVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementVectorOfIon - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533558 - 12-7.3 - In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion relative to its equilibrium position. + + + + + + + + + + + CharacterisationSystem + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + CharacterisationSystem + Set of one or more measuring instruments and often other components, assembled and +adapted to give information used to generate measured values within specified intervals for +quantities of specified kinds +NOTE 1 The components mentioned in the definition may be devices, reagents, and supplies. +NOTE 2 A measuring system is sometimes referred to as “measuring equipment” or “device”, for example in ISO 10012, +Measurement management systems – Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment and ISO +17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. +NOTE 3 Although the terms “measuring system” and “measurement system” are frequently used synonymously, the +latter is instead sometimes used to refer to a measuring system plus all other entities involved in a measurement, +including the object under measurement and the person(s) performing the measurement. +NOTE 4 A measuring system can be used as a measurement standard. + A set of one or more 'CharacterisationInstruments' and often other devices, including any sample holder, reagent and supply, assembled and adapted to give information used to generate 'MeasuredQuantityProperty' within specified intervals for quantities of specified kinds. + Measuring system - + - - - LeakageFactor - One minus the square of the coupling factor - LeakageFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 - 6-42.2 - One minus the square of the coupling factor + + SpinQuantumNumber + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. + SpinQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpinQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3879445 + 10-13.5 + Characteristic quantum number s of a particle, related to its spin. - - - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + + + + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 + 12-35.3 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - + - - - LongRangeOrderParameter - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. - LongRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Long-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105496124 - 12-5.2 - Fraction of atoms in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction. + + + + + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + EnergyUnit + EnergyUnit - + - T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - InversePermittivityUnit - InversePermittivityUnit + CapacitanceUnit + CapacitanceUnit - - - - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - Assigner - A estimator that uses its predefined knowledge to declare a property of an object. - I estimate the molecular mass of the gas in my bottle as 1.00784 u because it is tagged as H. + + + + + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + At a fixed point in a medium, the direction of propagation of heat is opposite to the temperature gradient. At a point on the surface separating two media with different temperatures, the direction of propagation of heat is normal to the surface, from higher to lower temperatures. + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + AreicHeatFlowRate + DensityOfHeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-37 + 5-8 + Vector quantity with magnitude equal to the heat flow rate dΦ through a surface element divided by the area dA of the element, and direction eφ in the direction of propagation of heat. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02755 - - + + - - - - - - + + - - - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - KnownConstant - A variable that stand for a well known numerical constant (a known number). - π refers to the constant number ~3.14 + + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + Intensity + Power transferred per unit area. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics) - + + + + + + + + + + + SolidMixture + SolidMixture + + + - + - - MolarConductivity - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - MolarConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 - 9-45 - Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 - - - - - - GravitySintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder - Loose-powderSintering - PressurelessSintering - GravitySintering - - - - - - - HardwareManufacturer - - HardwareManufacturer + Stress + Force per unit oriented surface area . + Measure of the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other. + Stress + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Stress + 4-15 - + - - HardwareModel - - HardwareModel + + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + IonChromatography + Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) is a form of chromatography that separates ions and ionizable polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography - + + + + + + + + - - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. - NuclearPrecessionAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97641779 - 10-15.3 - Frequency by which the nucleus angular momentum vector precesses about the axis of an external magnetic field. + TotalLinearStoppingPower + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + LinearStoppingPower + TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalLinearStoppingPower + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908474 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-27 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-49 + 10-54 + For charged particles of a given type and energy E0 the differential quotient of E with respect to x, where E is the mean energy lost by the charged particles in traversing a distance x in the given material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06035 - - + + - - + + - Tessellation - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - Tiling - Tessellation - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - A causal object that is tessellated in direct parts. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Declaration + ConventionalSemiosis + Declaration - - - - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. - DMA - DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a material characterization technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic manner. This allows measurement of the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency or time. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer that performs the test. + + + + InternalEnergy + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + ThermodynamicEnergy + InternalEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InternalEnergy + 5.20-2 + A state quantity equal to the difference between the total energy of a system and the sum of the macroscopic kinetic and potential energies of the system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03103 - + + + + ShearCutting + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + Scherschneiden + ShearCutting + + + + + + + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + LiquidSol + A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in liquid. + + + + + + Gyroradius + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + LarmorRadius + Gyroradius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194458 + 10-17 + Radius of the circular movement of an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field. + + + + - T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - VolumePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 - 10-64 - Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + MechanicalMobilityUnit + MechanicalMobilityUnit - - - - - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. - MeanFreePathOfElectrons - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 - 12-15.2 - Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + + + + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + A mathematical relation that relates each element in the domain (X) to exactly one element in the range (Y). + FunctionDefinition + MathematicalFunction + A function defined using functional notation. + y = f(x) - + - - - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - MathematicalOperator - A mapping that acts on elements of one space and produces elements of another space. - The algebraic operator '+' that acts on two real numbers and produces one real number. - The differential operator that acts on a C1 real function and produces another real function. - + + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + DefiningEquation + An equation that define a new variable in terms of other mathematical entities. + The definition of velocity as v = dx/dt. - - - RedUpQuark - RedUpQuark - +The definition of density as mass/volume. - - - - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - PorcelainOrCeramicCasting +y = f(x) - - + + - - + + - - - - - - - - Boolean - A boolean number. - Boolean - A boolean number. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. + https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/ec1455c3-d7ca-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1 + MaterialsModel + A solvable set of one Physics Equation and one or more Materials Relations. - + - - - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. - AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 - 10-70 - Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + + + GapEnergy + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + BandgapEnergy + GapEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 + 12-27.2 + Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 - + - - + - - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + - - TemperaturePerPressureUnit - TemperaturePerPressureUnit + + + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. + AtomicPhysicsCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Cross-Section.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17128025 + 10-38.1 + Measure of probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles. - - - - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - VolumeFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two volumes. - Unit for volume fraction. + + + + ThermochemicalTreatment + ThermochemicalTreatment - - - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. - DataProcessingThroughCalibration - Describes how raw data are corrected and/or modified through calibrations. + + + + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). + Language + A language object is a discrete data entity respecting a specific language syntactic rules (a well-formed formula). - - - - Viscometry - - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. - Viscosity - Viscometry - Viscometry or viscosity method was one of the first methods used for determining the MW of polymers. In this method, the viscosity of polymer solution is measured, and the simplest method used is capillary viscometry by using the Ubbelohde U-tube viscometer. In this method, both the flow time of the polymer solution (t) and the flow time of the pure solvent (t0) are recorded. The ratio of the polymer solution flow time (t) to the flow time of pure solvent (t0) is equal to the ratio of their viscosities (η/η0) only if they have the same densities. + + + + + KineticFrictionFactor + DynamicFrictionFactor + KineticFrictionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73695445 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-32 + 4-23.2 - - - - UnitOne - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - Unitless - UnitOne - http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS - Represents the number 1, used as an explicit unit to say something has no units. - "The unit one is the neutral element of any system of units – necessary and present automatically." - --- SI Brochure - Refractive index or volume fraction. - Typically used for ratios of two units whos dimensions cancels out. + + + + SparkErosion + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + elektrochemisches Abtragen + SparkErosion - - - - - Kerma - Kinetic energy released per mass. - Kerma - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Kerma - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739288 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-36 - 10-86.1 - Kinetic energy released per mass. + + + + Ablation + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. + Abtragen + Ablation - + - - - - - - - - - AmountOfSubstance - "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." - --- SI Brochure - The number of elementary entities present. - AmountOfSubstance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance - 9-2 - The number of elementary entities present. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - - - - - - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - MembraneOsmometry - In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + + + EffectiveMass + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. + EffectiveMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EffectiveMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064434 + 12-30 + The mass that it seems to have when responding to forces, or the mass that it seems to have when interacting with other identical particles in a thermal distribution. - + - - - - - T+2 L+2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit - EnergyPerSquareMagneticFluxDensityUnit + + + + HeatFlowRate + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. + HeatFlowRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HeatFlowRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12160631 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-36 + 5-7 + Amount of heat through a surface during a time interval divided by the duration of this interval. - + - + - - KinematicViscosity - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - KinematicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 - 4-25 - Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - - - - GreenUpQuark - GreenUpQuark + + + ParticleCurrentDensity + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + ParticleCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 + 10-48 + Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - - - - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - ConfigurationLanguage - A construction language used to write configuration files. - .ini files - Files in the standard .config directory on Unix systems. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file#Configuration_languages + + + + + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + SolidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a solid. + Aerogel - - - - - - - - - - - - SemioticObject - Here is assumed that the concept of 'object' is always relative to a 'semiotic' process. An 'object' does not exists per se, but it's always part of an interpretation. - -The EMMO relies on strong reductionism, i.e. everything real is a formless collection of elementary particles: we give a meaning to real world entities only by giving them boundaries and defining them using 'sign'-s. - -In this way the 'sign'-ed entity becomes an 'object', and the 'object' is the basic entity needed in order to apply a logical formalism to the real world entities (i.e. we can speak of it through its sign, and use logics on it through its sign). - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. - Object - SemioticObject - The object, in Peirce semiotics, as participant to a semiotic process. + + + + SampledDCPolarography + + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. + TASTPolarography + SampledDCPolarography + DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - GreenUpAntiQuark - GreenUpAntiQuark - - - - - - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. - PhotoluminescenceMicroscopy - Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a widely used technique for characterisation of the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and molecules. + LeftHandedParticle + LeftHandedParticle - + - + + - - + + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - MagneticVectorPotential - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. - MagneticVectorPotential - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticVectorPotential - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2299100 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-23 - 6-32 - Vector potential of the magnetic flux density. + + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit + TemperaturePressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - StaticFrictionForce - StaticFriction - StaticFrictionForce - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StaticFriction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q90862568 - 4-9.3 + + + + ReactionSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + ReactionSintering - - - - - MassDefect - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. - MassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26897126 - 10-21.2 - Sum of the product of the proton number and the hydrogen atomic mass, and the neutron rest mass, minus the rest mass of the atom. + + + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + Muon + The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon - - - - - - - - - - - CelsiusTemperature - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - CelsiusTemperature - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature - 5-2 - An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - -Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 + + + + TransportationDevice + TransportationDevice - - - - - BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + + + + Milling + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + Fräsen + Milling + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Boltzmann_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. - BoltzmannConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/BoltzmannConstant - A physical constant relating energy at the individual particle level with temperature. It is the gas constant R divided by the Avogadro constant. + + + + + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + Tool + An object that enables or facilitate an agent in the execution of a process that modifies the surrounding environment. + -It defines the Kelvin unit in the SI system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00695 + + + + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + DirectCurrentInternalResistance + Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - + - - - - - - - - - Entropy - Logarithmic measure of the number of available states of a system. - May also be referred to as a measure of order of a system. - Entropy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Entropy - 5-18 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02149 + + MagneticPolarisation + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. + MagneticPolarisation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticPolarization + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-54 + 6-29 + Vector quantity equal to the product of the magnetization M and the magnetic constant μ0. - - - - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Unknown - The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. - Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. + + + + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. + STM + ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy + Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, or STM, is an imaging technique used to obtain ultra-high resolution images at the atomic scale, without using light or electron beams. - - - - + + + + Susceptance + imaginary part of the admittance + Susceptance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Susceptance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509598 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-54 + 6-52.3 + imaginary part of the admittance + + + + + - - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - ReciprocalLengthUnit - ReciprocalLengthUnit + + + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. + CalibrationTask + Used to break-down a CalibrationProcess into his specific tasks. - + - - - - - T-2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ForcePerLengthUnit - ForcePerLengthUnit + + + ResidualResistivity + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature + ResidualResistivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResidualResistivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098876 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-13-61 + 12-17 + for metals, the resistivity extrapolated to zero thermodynamic temperature - - - - Polishing - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. - Polishing - Polishing is a machining process to achieve a smooth surface of the Sample, which uses abrasive compounds with smal particles that are embedded in a pad or wheel. + + + + + ReactionEnergy + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. + ReactionEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactionEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98164745 + 10-37.1 + In a nuclear reaction, sum of the kinetic energies and photon energies of the reaction products minus the sum of the kinetic and photon energies of the reactants. - - + + - - + + + + + + - - - ActivityDensity - Activity per unit volume of the sample. - ActivityConcentration - VolumetricActivity - VolumicActivity - ActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivityConcentration - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423263 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-09 - 10-29 - Activity per unit volume of the sample. + + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. + CharacterisationMeasurementTask + Used to break-down a CharacterisationMeasurementProcess into his specific tasks. - - - - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - Chronocoulometry - Direct coulometry at controlled potential in which the electric charge passed after the application of a potential step perturbation is measured as a function of time (Q-t curve). Chronocoulometry provides the same information that is provided by chronoamperometry, since it is based on the integration of the I-t curve. Nevertheless, chronocoulometry offers important experimental advantages, such as (i) the measured signal usually increases with time and hence the later parts of the transient can be detected more accurately, (ii) a better signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved, and (iii) other contributions to overall charge passed as a function of time can be discriminated from those due to the diffusion of electroactive substances. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Widening + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + Weiten + Widening - + - - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - Real part of the admittance. - ConductanceForAlternatingCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79464628 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-53 - 6-52.2 - Real part of the admittance. - - - - - - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. - 3D Atom Probe - APT - AtomProbeTomography - Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit + ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - - - - - OsmoticPressure - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - OsmoticPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 - 9-28 - Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 + + + + Screwing + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + Schrauben + Screwing - - - - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. - CompressionTesting - Compression tests characterize material and product strength and stiffness under applied crushing loads. These tests are typically conducted by applying compressive pressure to a test specimen using platens or specialized fixtures with a testing machine that produces compressive loads. + + + + Pressing + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. + Anpressen + Pressing - + - RedDownQuark - RedDownQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + WeakBoson + WeakBoson - - - - - ChargeNumber - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - The charge number of a particle may be presented as a superscript to the symbol of that particle, e.g. H+, He++, Al3+, Cl−, S=, N3−. - The charge number of an electrically charged particle can be positive or negative. The charge number of an electrically neutral particle is zero. - IonizationNumber - ChargeNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChargeNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1800063 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-17 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Charge_number - 10-5.2 - For a particle, electric charge q divided by elementary charge e. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00993 + + + + IntermediateSample + + IntermediateSample - + - T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit - ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit + ElectricPotentialUnit - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + CharmQuark + CharmQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark + + + - - + - - T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PerPressureUnit - PerPressureUnit + + + + + ThermalConductivity + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. + In an anisotropic medium, thermal conductivity is a tensor quantity. + ThermalConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-38 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Thermal_conductivity + 5-9 + At a point fixed in a medium with a temperature field, scalar quantity λ characterizing the ability of the medium to transmit heat through a surface element containing that point: φ = −λ grad T, where φ is the density of heat flow rate and T is thermodynamic temperature. - - - - - - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - - - LuminousEfficacyUnit - LuminousEfficacyUnit + + + + + PartialPressure + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + PartialPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PartialPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27165 + 9-19 + Hypothetical pressure of gas if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04420 - - - - + + + - - T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + - - AmountConcentrationUnit - AmountConcentrationUnit + + + + Pressure + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + Pressure + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Pressure + 4-14.1 + The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04819 - + + + + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141095 + 10-13.6 + Quantum number in an atom describing the magnitude of total angular momentum J. + + + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 - TemperaturePerLengthUnit - TemperaturePerLengthUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - - - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. - NumericalData - Data that can be decoded under a quantitative schema and also associated with a graphical number symbols. + + + + + QualityFactor + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. + QualityFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DoseEquivalentQualityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122099 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-03 + 10-82 + Factor taking into account health effects in the determination of the dose equivalent. - + - - - DonorDensity - Number of donor levels per volume. - DonorDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DonorDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979886 - 12-29.4 - Number of donor levels per volume. + + + ShearStrain + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + ShearStrain + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearStrain + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561704 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-59 + 4-17.3 + Displacement of one surface with respect to another divided by the distance between them. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05637 - - + + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - AngularMomentumUnit - AngularMomentumUnit + AmountUnit + AmountUnit - - - - - PowerFactor - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - PowerFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 - 6-58 - Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + + + ProcessingReproducibility + + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) + ProcessingReproducibility + Description of performed statistical analysis to check for data reproducibility (e.g. easily reproducible for everyone, reproducible for a domain expert, reproducible only for Data processing Expert) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - SimulationLanguage - A computer language used to describe simulations. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language + + + + + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. + The set X is called domain and the set Y range or codomain. + MathematicalFormula + A mathematical string that express a relation between the elements in one set X to elements in another set Y. - - - - Grinding - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - Schleifen - Grinding + + + + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. + DataNormalisation + Data normalization involves adjusting raw data to a notionally common scale. + It involves the creation of shifted and/or scaled versions of the values to allow post-processing in a way that eliminates the effects of influences on subsequent properties extraction. - + - - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - PostProcessingModel - Mathematical model used to process data. - The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. + DataPreparation + Data preparation is the process of manipulating (or pre-processing) data (which may come from disparate data sources) to improve their quality or reduce bias in subsequent analysis. - - - - - RelativePermeability - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - RelativePermeability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 - 6-27 - Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 + + + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + AtomisticModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - - - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - Graviton - The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. - While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. - -For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + + + + LinearScanVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + LSV + LinearPolarization + LinearSweepVoltammetry + LinearScanVoltammetry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620700 + Voltammetry in which the current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied linearly with time. LSV corresponds to the first half cycle of cyclic voltammetry. The peak current is expressed by the Randles-Ševčík equation. The scan is usually started at a potential where no electrode reaction occurs. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_sweep_voltammetry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - CreepTesting - The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + LinearChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly - + - - + - - T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + + + + ElectricDipoleMoment + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + ElectricDipoleMoment + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricDipoleMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735135 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-35 + 6-6 + An electric dipole, vector quantity of magnitude equal to the product of the positive charge and the distance between the charges and directed from the negative charge to the positive charge. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01929 - - - - - Curvature - Inverse of the radius of curvature. - Curvature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurvatureFromRadius - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-31 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Curvature - 3-2 - Inverse of the radius of curvature. + + + + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + Tomography + Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomography is derived from Ancient Greek τόμος tomos, "slice, section" and γράφω graphō, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. + + + + + CausalConvexSystem + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + CausalConvexSystem + It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. +In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). +So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. + A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - - - - - SerialStep - SerialStep + + + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + Naming + A declaration that provides a sign for an object that is independent from any assignment rule. + A unique id attached to an entity. - - - - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. - NonIntentionalProcess - NaturalProcess - A process occurring by natural (non-intentional) laws. + + + + CharacterisationComponent + + CharacterisationComponent - + - + - SuperconductorEnergyGap - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. - SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 - 12-37 - Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + WorkFunction + Work function is the energy difference between an electron at rest at infinity and an electron at the Fermi level in the interior of a substance. + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + ElectronWorkFunction + WorkFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783800 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-35 + 12-24.1 + least energy required for the emission of a conduction electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02015 - - - - - GapEnergy - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - BandgapEnergy - GapEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103982939 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-16 - 12-27.2 - Smallest energy difference between the lowest level of conduction band and the highest level of valence band at zero thermodynamic temperature. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.B00593 + + + GreenCharmQuark + GreenCharmQuark - + - - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidGasSuspension - A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. - Sparkling water + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. + CompositePhysicalObject + The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined. - + - - - ResonanceEscapeProbability - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. - ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ResonanceEscapeProbability - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108072 - 10-68 - In an infinite medium, the probability that a neutron slowing down will traverse all or some specified portion of the range of resonance energies without being absorbed. + + + DegreeOfDissociation + Dissociation may occur stepwise. + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + DissociationFraction + DegreeOfDissociation + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DegreeOfDissociation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907334 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-09 + 9-43 + ratio of the number of dissociation events to the maximum number of theoretically possible dissociation events. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01566 - - - - - - - - - - - - Permittivity - Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. - Permittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity - 6-14.1 - 6-14.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 + + + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + Tau + The class of individuals that stand for tau elementary particles belonging to the third generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_(particle) - - - - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering - TransientLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + SpeedFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. + Unit for refractive index. - - - - - - - - - - - RichardsonConstant - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - RichardsonConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 - 12-26 - Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + + + + CSharp + C# + CSharp - - - - - - - - - - - PeltierCoefficient - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. - PeltierCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PeltierCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801003 - 12-22 - Quotient of Peltier heat power developed at a junction, and the electric current flowing from substance a to substance b. + + + GluonType1 + GluonType1 - + - - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - AnodicStrippingVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939328 - Stripping voltammetry in which material accumulated at the working electrode is electrochemically oxi- dized in the stripping step. A peak-shaped anodic stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. A solid electrode, carbon paste or composite electrode, bismuth film electrode, mercury film electrode, or static mercury drop electrode may be used. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + CharacterisationProtocol + A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N+1 J0 - - - AmountTemperatureUnit - AmountTemperatureUnit + + + + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. + CalibrationDataPostProcessing + Post-processing of the output of the calibration in order to get the actual calibration data to be used as input for the measurement. - - - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. - CausalExpansion - A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + PhysicsOfInteraction + Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. + In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - - - - Python - Python + + + + LiquidPhaseSintering + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + LiquidPhaseSintering - - - - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. - SolidAerosol - An aerosol composed of fine solid particles in air or another gas. + + + + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). + StandardizedPhysicalQuantity + The superclass for all physical quantities classes that are categorized according to a standard (e.g. ISQ). - - - - - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. - Aerosol - A colloid composed of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + DragCoefficient + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. + DragFactor + DragCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DragCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961 + 4-23.4 + Dimensionless parameter to quantify fluid resistance. - + + + + FastFissionFactor + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + FastFissionFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FastFissionFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197493 + 10-75 + In an infinite medium, the ratio of the mean number of neutrons produced by fission due to neutrons of all energies to the mean number of neutrons produced by fissions due to thermal neutrons only. + + + + - - + + + 1 - - - TotalMassStoppingPower - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. - MassStoppingPower - TotalMassStoppingPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalMassStoppingPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98642795 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-52 - 10-55 - Quotient of the total linear stopping power S and the mass density ρ of the material. + + + + + 1 + + + + QuantityValue + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + Following the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM), EMMO distinguishes between a quantity (a property) and the quantity value (a numerical and a reference). + +So, for the EMMO the symbol "kg" is not a physical quantity but simply a 'Symbolic' object categorized as a 'MeasurementUnit'. + +While the string "1 kg" is a 'QuantityValue'. + QuantityValue + A symbolic that has parts a numerical object and a reference expressing the value of a quantity (expressed as the product of the numerical and the unit). + 6.8 m +0.9 km +8 K +6 MeV +43.5 HRC(150 kg) + quantity value + A quantity value is not necessarily a property, since it is possible to write "10 kg", without assigning this quantity to a specific object. - + + + + + + + + + + + + + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + MetrologicalReference + A reference can be a measurement unit, a measurement procedure, a reference material, or a combination of such (VIM3 1.1 NOTE 2). + A symbolic is recognized as reference unit also if it is not part of a quantity (e.g. as in the sentence "the Bq is the reference unit of Becquerel"). +For this reason we can't declare the axiom: +MetrologicalReference SubClassOf: inverse(hasMetrologicalReference) some Quantity +because there exist reference units without being part of a quantity. +This is peculiar to EMMO, where quantities as syntatic entities (explicit quantities) are distinct with quantities as semantic entities (properties). + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - BottomAntiQuark - BottomAntiQuark + ElementaryParticle + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + SingleParticleChain + ElementaryParticle + An elementary particle is a causal chain of quantum entities of the same type. For example, an elementary electron is a sequence of fundamental electrons only. + A chausal chain whose quantum parts are of the same standard model fundamental type. - - - - DropForging - DropForging + + + + + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + IntrinsicCarrierDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 + 12-29.3 + Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - + - - + - - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - AreicSpeedUnit - AreicSpeedUnit + + + DynamicViscosity + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + Viscosity + DynamicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 + 4-24 + The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 - + - T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimePerLengthUnit - TimePerLengthUnit + MassFluxUnit + MassFluxUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BlueAntiQuark - BlueAntiQuark + + + + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. +This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself. + The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole. + MereologicalState + Arrangement + A causal object which is tessellated with only spatial direct parts. + e.g. the existent in my glass is declared at t = t_start as made of two direct parts: the ice and the water. It will continue to exists as state as long as the ice is completely melt at t = t_end. The new state will be completely made of water. Between t_start and t_end there is an exchange of molecules between the ice and the water, but this does not affect the existence of the two states. + +If we partition the existent in my glass as ice surrounded by several molecules (we do not use the object water as direct part) then the appearance of a molecule coming from the ice will cause a state to end and another state to begin. + + + + + + + VonKlitzingConstant + Resistance quantum. + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + VonKlitzingConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant + The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + + + + + + Painting + Painting - + + + + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + DIN 8580:2020 + Beschichten + CoatingManufacturing + A manufacturing in which an adherent layer of amorphous material is applied to a workpiece. + + + - T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - TemperatureTimeUnit - TemperatureTimeUnit + ForceUnit + ForceUnit - - - - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - FTIR - FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 - A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy + + + + Grinding + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + Schleifen + Grinding - + - T-3 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricFluxUnit - ElectricFluxUnit + AreaDensityUnit + AreaDensityUnit - + + + + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + SolidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a solid continuum phase. + + + + + + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. + Dilatometry + Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + + + + + RedBottomQuark + RedBottomQuark + + + - + - - MolarEntropy - Entropy per amount of substance. - MolarEntropy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarEntropy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68972876 - 9-8 - Entropy per amount of substance. + + ParticleFluence + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. + ParticleFluence + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleFluence + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82965908 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-15 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-18 + 10-43 + Differential quotient of N with respect to a, where N is the number of particles incident on a sphere of cross-sectional area a. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GreenAntiQuark - GreenAntiQuark + + + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + SpatiallyFundamental + The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no spatial parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - Gluon - The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon + + + + + + + T0 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AreaPerMassUnit + AreaPerMassUnit - - - - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - ElementalMolecule - Homonuclear - A molecule composed of only one element type. - Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + + + + ConventionalProperty + A property that is associated to an object by convention, or assumption. + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + ConventionalProperty + A quantitative property attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose. + The thermal conductivity of a copper sample in my laboratory can be assumed to be the conductivity that appears in the vendor specification. This value has been obtained by measurement of a sample which is not the one I have in my laboratory. This conductivity value is then a conventional quantitiative property assigned to my sample through a semiotic process in which no actual measurement is done by my laboratory. + +If I don't believe the vendor, then I can measure the actual thermal conductivity. I then perform a measurement process that semiotically assign another value for the conductivity, which is a measured property, since is part of a measurement process. + +Then I have two different physical quantities that are properties thanks to two different semiotic processes. - - - - Assemblying - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - The act of connecting together the parts of something - Assemblying - The act of connecting together the parts of something - No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + + + + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). + FIBDICResidualStressAnalysis + FibDic + The FIB-DIC (Focused Ion Beam - Digital Image Correlation) ring-core technique is a powerful method for measuring residual stresses in materials. It is based on milling a ring-shaped sample, or core, from the material of interest using a focused ion beam (FIB). - - - - - - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - Path - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - /etc/fstab (UNIX-like path) -C:\\Users\\John\\Desktop (DOS-like path) + + + + + + + + + + + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. + Operator + The human operator who takes care of the whole characterisation method or sub-processes/stages. - + - - - FermiTemperature - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant - FermiTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105942324 - 12-28 - in the free electron model, the Fermi energy divided by the Boltzmann constant + + + + + + + + + ThermalDiffusivity + ThermalDiffusionCoefficient + ThermalDiffusivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalDiffusivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381809 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-53 + 5-14 - + - - - - - T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + + + CoherenceLength + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature + CoherenceLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793 + 12-38.2 + Distance in a superconductor over which the effect of a perturbation is appreciable at zero thermodynamic temperature - - - - + + + - - T+4 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - PermittivityUnit - PermittivityUnit - + SemioticEntity + Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. - - - - XrayDiffraction - - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - XRD - XrayDiffraction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12101244 - a technique used to analyze the atomic and molecular structure of crystalline materials by observing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with the regular array of atoms in the crystal lattice - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography +"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + +The triadic elements: +- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) +- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) +- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + +This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + SemioticEntity + The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - - + + - - - + + - - Minus - Minus + + + EquilibriumPositionVector + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. + EquilibriumPositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EquilibriumPositionVectorOfIon + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533477 + 12-7.2 + In condensed matter physics, position vector of an atom or ion in equilibrium. - + + + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + EnvironmentalData + NonEncodedData + Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. + A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. + This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. + + + + + + + MassFractionOfWater + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + MassFractionOfWater + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfWater + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379025 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-63 + 5-31 + Quantity of dimension 1 equal to u/(1 + u), where u is mass ratio of water to dry matter. + + + - - ArithmeticOperator - ArithmeticOperator + + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + Inequality + A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. + f(x) > 0 - + + + CeramicMaterial + CeramicMaterial + + + - - - HoleDensity - Number of holes in valence band per volume. - HoleDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/HoleDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105971101 - 12-29.2 - Number of holes in valence band per volume. + + + PropagationCoefficient + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. + PropagationCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PropagationCoefficient.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434913 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-18 + 3-26.3 + Measure of the change of amplitude and phase angle of a plane wave propagating in a given direction. - - - - - - - - - - - - Persistence - The interest is on the 4D object as it extends in time (process) or as it persists in time (object): -- object (focus on spatial configuration) -- process (focus on temporal evolution) + + + + + SlowingDownArea + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + SlowingDownArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 + 10-72.1 + In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + -The concepts of endurant and perdurant implicitly rely on the concept of instantaneous 3D snapshot of the world object, that in the EMMO is not allowed since everything extends in 4D and there are no abstract objects. Moreover, time is a measured property in the EMMO and not an objective characteristic of an object, and cannot be used as temporal index to identify endurant position in time. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Cognition + IconSemiosis + Cognition + + + + + + DoseEquivalentRate + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + DoseEquivalentRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 + 10-83.2 + Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + + + + + + + ThermodynamicEfficiency + ThermalEfficiency + ThermodynamicEfficiency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 + 5-25.1 + -For this reason an individual in the EMMO can always be classified both endurant and perdurant, due to its nature of 4D entity (e.g. an individual may belong both to the class of runners and the class of running process), and the distinction is purely semantic. In fact, the object/process distinction is simply a matter of convenience in a 4D approach since a temporal extension is always the case, and stationarity depends upon observer time scale. For this reason, the same individual (4D object) may play the role of a process or of an object class depending on the object to which it relates. + + + + + + + + + + + DiffusionArea + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + DiffusionArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966292 + 10-72.2 + One-sixth of the mean square distance between the point where a neutron enters a specified class and the point where it leaves this class. + -Nevertheless, it is useful to introduce categorizations that characterize persistency through continuant and occurrent concepts, even if not ontologically but only cognitively defined. This is also due to the fact that our language distinguish between nouns and verbs to address things, forcing the separation between things that happens and things that persist. + + + + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + UltrasonicTesting + Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + -This perspective provides classes conceptually similar to the concepts of endurant and perdurant (a.k.a. continuant and occurrent). We claim that this distinction is motivated by our cognitive bias, and we do not commit to the fact that both these kinds of entity “do really exist”. For this reason, a whole instance can be both process and object, according to different cognitive approaches (see Wonderweb D17). + + + + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + FunctionallyDefinedMaterial + -The distinction between endurant and perdurant as usually introduced in literature (see BFO SPAN/SNAP approach) is then no more ontological, but can still be expressed through the introduction of ad hoc primitive definitions that follow the interpreter endurantist or perdurantist attitude. - The union of the object or process classes. - Persistence - The union of the object or process classes. + + + + + + + + + + + ParticleSourceDensity + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. + ParticleSourceDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleSourceDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915762 + 10-66 + Quotient of the mean rate of production of particles in a volume, and that volume. - - - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - VectorMeson - A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson + + + + Tortuosity + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. + Tortuosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683 + Parameter for diffusion and fluid flow in porous media. - - + + - - - - - - + + + + - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). - PhysicsOfInteraction - Set of physics principles (and associated governing equations) that describes the interaction between the sample and the probe. - In x-ray diffraction, this is represented by the set of physics equations that describe the relation between the incident x-ray beam and the diffracted beam (the most simple form for this being the Bragg’s law). + + ReciprocalDuration + InverseDuration + InverseTime + ReciprocalTime + ReciprocalDuration + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InverseTime + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690850 - - - + + - + - + - StandaloneAtom - A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - StandaloneAtom - An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - - - - - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - The subclass of icon inspired by Peirceian category a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture). - ResemblanceIcon - An icon that mimics the spatial or temporal shape of the object. - A geographical map that imitates the shape of the landscape and its properties at a specific historical time. - An icon that focus on WHERE/WHEN the object is, in the sense of spatial or temporal shape. + + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + Fermion + A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion - + - - SpecificEnthalpy - Enthalpy per unit mass. - SpecificEnthalpy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEnthalpy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21572993 - 5-21.3 - Enthalpy per unit mass. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy#Specific_enthalpy + + + + + + + + + Radioactivity + Decays per unit time. + RadioactiveActivity + Radioactivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificActivity + Decays per unit time. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00114 - - - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - MesoscopicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + + + + VoltagePhasor + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. + VoltagePhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VoltagePhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514605 + 6-50 + Complex representation of an oscillating voltage. - - - - XrayPowderDiffraction - - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - XRPD - XrayPowderDiffraction - a method for analyzing the crystal structure of powdered materials by measuring the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays interact with randomly oriented crystallites within the sample - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_diffraction + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectricPotential + The electric potential is not unique, since any constant scalar +field quantity can be added to it without changing its gradient. + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + ElectroStaticPotential + ElectricPotential + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPotential + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Electric_potential + 6-11.1 + Energy required to move a unit charge through an electric field from a reference point. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01935 - + - - + - - T0 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - LengthMassUnit - LengthMassUnit + + + MagneticMoment + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + MagneticAreaMoment + MagneticMoment + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 + 6-23 + A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 + + + + + + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + ElementalMolecule + Homonuclear + A molecule composed of only one element type. + Hydrogen molecule (H₂). + + + + + + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + Mathematical model used to process data. The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. + PostProcessingModel + Mathematical model used to process data. + The PostProcessingModel use is mainly intended to get secondary data from primary data. - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - UpQuark - UpQuark - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark - - - - - - TotalCurrent - Sum of electric current and displacement current - TotalCurrent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77679732 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-45 - 6-19.2 - Sum of electric current and displacement current + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + Gluon + The class of individuals that stand for gluons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon - - - - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - AqueousSolution - A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + + + + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + ThroughTile + A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - - - - - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. - LiquidSolution - A liquid solution made of two or more component substances. + + + + + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Stage + A process which is an holistic temporal part of a process. + Moving a leg is a stage of the process of running. - + - - - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. - SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductionTransitionTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103037 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-09 - 12-35.3 - Critical thermodynamic temperature of a superconductor. + + + + + T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit + TemperatureLengthPerTimeUnit - - - - - ThermodynamicEfficiency - ThermalEfficiency - ThermodynamicEfficiency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452104 - 5-25.1 + + + + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + StandaloneModelSimulation + A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - + - - - - RollingResistance - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. - RollingDrag - RollingFrictionForce - RollingResistance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921 - 4-9.5 - Force resisting the motion when a body (such as a ball, tire, or wheel) rolls on a surface. + + + StandardAmountConcentration + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + StandardConcentration + StandardMolarConcentration + StandardAmountConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88871689 + Chosen value of amount concentration, usually equal to 1 mol dm−3. + 9-12.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05909 - - - - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + + + + Width + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. + The terms breadth and width are often used by convention, as distinguished from length and from height or thickness. + Breadth + Width + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Width + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35059 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-20 + 3-1.2 + Length in a given direction regarded as horizontal. - + - - - ElectrolyticConductivity - ElectrolyticConductivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectrolyticConductivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-03 - 9-44 + + + ParticlePositionVector + Position vector of a particle. + ParticlePositionVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticlePositionVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105533324 + 12-7.1 + Position vector of a particle. - + - + - - MagneticReluctance - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. - Reluctance - MagneticReluctance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reluctance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-28 - 6-39 - Magnetic tension divided by magnetic flux. + + + RelativePressureCoefficient + RelativePressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 + 5-3.3 - + - - - RestEnergy - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 - -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - RestEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-05 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-04-17 - 10-3 - Product of the rest mass and the square of the speed of light in vacuum. - E_0 = m_0 * c_0^2 + + + + + + + + + PressureCoefficient + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + PressureCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PressureCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74762732 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-29 + 5-4 + Change of pressure per change of temperature at constant volume. + -where m_0 is the rest mass of that particle and c_0 is the speed of light in a vacuum. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_mass#Rest_energy + + + + + + + + + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + SpatialTiling + A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial. + + + + + + + DewPointTemperature + The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + DewPointTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 + 5-36 + Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - + - T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T-3 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - IlluminanceTimeUnit - IlluminanceTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit + PressurePerTimeUnit - - - - - - - - - - FundamentalLatticeVector - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. - FundamentalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 - 12-1.2 - Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle + FundamentalAntiMatterParticle - + - + - - SolubilityProduct - For the dissociation of a salt AmBn → mA + nB, the solubility product is KSP = am(A) ⋅ an(B), where a is ionic activity and m and n are the stoichiometric numbers. - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - SolubilityProductConstant - SolubilityProduct - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11229788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-23 - product of the ion activities of the ions resulting from the dissociation of a solute in a saturated solution, raised to powers equal to their stoichiometric numbers. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05742 - - - - - - - SlowingDownLength - Square root of the slowing down area. - SlowingDownLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 - 10-73.1 - Square root of the slowing down area. + + Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + Time can be seen as the duration of an event or, more operationally, as "what clocks read". + Time + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Time + One-dimensional subspace of space-time, which is locally orthogonal to space. + 3-7 + The indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06375 - + - + + - - + + T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - IonicStrength - Charge number is a quantity of dimension one defined in ChargeNumber. - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - IonicStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IonicStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-24 - 9-42 - For all types of ions in a solution, half the sum of the products of their molality b_i and the square of their charge number z_i. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I03180 + + MassPerLengthTimeUnit + MassPerLengthTimeUnit - + + + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + ReferenceMaterial + StandardUnit + A reference unit provided by a reference material. +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Arbitrary amount-of-substance concentration of lutropin in a given sample of plasma (WHO international standard 80/552): 5.0 International Unit/l + + + - + + - - + + T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - DynamicViscosity - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - Viscosity - DynamicViscosity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DynamicViscosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152757 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-34 - 4-24 - The measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow when an external force is applied. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01877 + + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit + AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. - EmpiricalSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. + Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. + MachineCell + A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - + - - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. - Is not collection, since the connection between the elements of an assembly line occurs through the flow of objects that are processed. - AssemblyLine - A manufacturing process in which interchangeable parts are added to a product in a sequential manner to create an end product. + + Cleaning + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material + Cleaning - + - - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. - ManufacturingSystem - A system arranged to setup a specific manufacturing process. + + Sawing + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + Sägen + Sawing + Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - + - - Painting - Painting + + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. + RemovingChipsFromWorkpiece + Machining + A manufacturing in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips. - + - - GroupVelocity - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - GroupSpeed - GroupVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217361 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-15 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Group_velocity - 3-23.2 - Speed with which the envelope of a wave propagates in space. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_velocity + + + NeutronNumber + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + NeutronNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970319 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-34 + 10-1.2 + Number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus. + Atomic number (proton number) plus neutron number equals mass number. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_number + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04119 - + + + + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + ElectronProbeMicroanalysis + Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) is used for quantitative analysis of the elemental composition of solid specimens at a micrometer scale. The method uses bombardment of the specimen by keV electrons to excite characteristic X-rays from the sample, which are then detected by using wavelength-dispersive (WD) spectrometers. + + + - - - - - - - - - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - MolarAttenuationCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 - 10-51 - Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + + + + + T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit + MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - - - - Sawing - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. - Sägen - Sawing - Process of cutting a workpiece into smaller parts that are either doughter parts, samples (e.g. for testing) or scrap. + + + + + ActivityOfSolvent + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. + ActivityOfSolvent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89486193 + 9-27.1 + For a solvent in a solution, quotient of the absolute activity and that of the pure substance at the same temperature and pressure. - + - + - - - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - UnifiedAtomicMassConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817337 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-23 - 10-4.3 - 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide 12C in the ground state at rest. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00497 + + + LinearMassDensity + Mass per length. + LinearDensity + LineicMass + LinearMassDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56298294 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-11 + 4-6 + Mass per length. - - + + - T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AmountPerMassTimeUnit - AmountPerMassTimeUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit + EnergyPerAmountUnit - + - + - Vergence - In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. - Vergence - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature + + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. + DirectionDistributionOfCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98266630 + 10-39 + Differential quotient of the cross section for scattering a particle in a given direction and the solid angle around that direction. - + + + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + Graviton + The class of individuals that stand for gravitons elementary particles. + While this particle is only supposed to exist, the EMMO approach to classical and quantum systems represents fields as made of particles. + +For this reason graviton is an useful concept to homogenize the approach between different fields. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton + + + - - NeutronYieldPerFission - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. - NeutronYieldPerFission - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerFission - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99157909 - 10-74.1 - Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per fission event. + + RelativeMassDefect + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + RelativeMassDefect + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 + 10-22.2 + Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - + - - - - - - - - - ElectricChargeDensity - Electric charge per volume. - VolumeElectricCharge - ElectricChargeDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 - 6-3 - Electric charge per volume. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 + + + MechanicalEfficiency + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. + MechanicalEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 + 4-29 + Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 - AreaTimeUnit - AreaTimeUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit + RichardsonConstantUnit - + + + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + GreenStrangeAntiQuark + + + - + + - MagneticTension - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. - MagneticTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77993836 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-57 - 6-37.2 - Scalar quantity equal to the line integral of the magnetic field strength H along a specified path linking two points a and b. + Coercivity + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. + Coercivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 + 6-31 + Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - - + + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaTemperatureUnit - AreaTemperatureUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - - - - NominalProperty - "Property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has no magnitude." + + + + + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NeutronYieldPerAbsorption + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99159075 + 10-74.2 + Average number of fission neutrons, both prompt and delayed, emitted per neutron absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified. + -"A nominal property has a value, which can be expressed in words, by alphanumerical codes, or by other means." + + + BlueStrangeQuark + BlueStrangeQuark + -International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - NominalProperty - An 'ObjectiveProperty' that cannot be quantified. - CFC is a 'sign' that stands for the fact that the morphology of atoms composing the microstructure of an entity is predominantly Cubic Face Centered + + + + + + + + + + Existent + 'Existent' is the EMMO class to be used for representing real world physical objects under a reductionistic perspective (i.e. objects come from the composition of sub-part objects, both in time and space). -A color is a nominal property. +'Existent' class collects all individuals that stand for physical objects that can be structured in well defined temporal sub-parts called states, through the temporal direct parthood relation. -Sex of a human being. - nominal property +This class provides a first granularity hierarchy in time, and a way to axiomatize tessellation principles for a specific whole with a non-transitivity relation (direct parthood) that helps to retain the granularity levels. + +e.g. a car, a supersaturated gas with nucleating nanoparticles, an atom that becomes ionized and then recombines with an electron. + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + An 'Existent' individual stands for a real world object for which the ontologist wants to provide univocal tessellation in time. + +By definition, the tiles are represented by 'State'-s individual. + +Tiles are related to the 'Existent' through temporal direct parthood, enforcing non-transitivity and inverse-functionality. + Being hasTemporalDirectPart a proper parthood relation, there cannot be 'Existent' made of a single 'State'. + +Moreover, due to inverse functionality, a 'State' can be part of only one 'Existent', preventing overlapping between 'Existent'-s. + true + Existent + A 'Physical' which is a tessellation of 'State' temporal direct parts. + + + + + + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + NumericalVariable + A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers. + + + + + + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + ApplicationSpecificScript + A scripting language developed specifically for an application, so that it's usage and interpretation is limited in this context. + Scripting file for the execution of modelling software such as LAMMPS, OpenFOAM, or for general purpose platforms such as MATLAB or Mathematica. - - - - ElectricReactance - The imaginary part of the impedance. - The opposition of a circuit element to a change in current or voltage, due to that element's inductance or capacitance. - Reactance - ElectricReactance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Reactance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193972 - 6-51.3 - The imaginary part of the impedance. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_reactance - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05162 + + + + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. + ScriptingLanguage + A programming language that is executed through runtime interpretation. - + - T-1 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassFluxUnit - MassFluxUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ArithmeticExpression - ArithmeticExpression - 2+2 - - - - - - AlgebricExpression - An expression that has parts only integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number) - AlgebricExpression - 2x+3 - - - - - - - VonKlitzingConstant - Resistance quantum. - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. - VonKlitzingConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/VonKlitzingConstant - The von Klitzing constant is defined as Planck constant divided by the square of the elementary charge. + MagneticReluctanceUnit + MagneticReluctanceUnit - + - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. - IMS - IonMobilitySpectrometry - Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + MassSpectrometry + Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - - - - Soldering - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - Löten - Soldering + + + + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Unknown + The dependent variable for which an equation has been written. + Velocity, for the Navier-Stokes equation. - + - - - MechanicalEfficiency - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - MechanicalEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628085 - 4-29 - Quotient of mechanical output and input power. - - - - - - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. - StandaloneModelSimulation - A standalone simulation, where a single physics equation is solved. + + + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + MolarHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 + 9-6.3 + Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - - - GluonType2 - GluonType2 + + + + VaporDeposition + VaporDeposition - - - - - - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - LengthTimeCurrentUnit - LengthTimeCurrentUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. + Suspensions show no significant effect on light. + Suspension + An heterogeneous mixture that contains coarsly dispersed particles (no Tyndall effect), that generally tend to separate in time to the dispersion medium phase. - + - - CyclotronAngularFrequency - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. - CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CyclotronAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97708211 - 10-16 - Quotient of the product of the electric charge of a particle and the magnitude of the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field, and the particle mass. + + TotalCrossSection + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. + TotalCrossSection + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCrossSection + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98206553 + 10-38.2 + Sum of all cross sections corresponding to the various reactions or processes between an incident particle of specified type and energy and a target entity. - - - - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium - Annealing - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + + + MobilityRatio + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + MobilityRatio + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 + 12-31 + Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - + - BlueTopQuark - BlueTopQuark - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - Hadron - Particles composed of two or more quarks. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron + Positron + Positron - + - + - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - RelativeMassFractionOfVapour - 5-35 - - - - - - ComplexPower - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. - ComplexApparentPower - ComplexPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ComplexPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65239736 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-39 - 6-59 - Voltage phasor multiplied by complex conjugate of the current phasor. + PowerFactor + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. + PowerFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PowerFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750454 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-46 + 6-58 + Under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S. - - + + + - + - - - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. - Manufacturer - A strict fundamental object overcrossing a manufacturing process, the intersection being the agent that participates and drives the manufacturing process. + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + BaseUnit + A set of units that correspond to the base quantities in a system of units. + base unit - - - - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. - MassSpectrometry - Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. + + + + + + + T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SexticLengthUnit + SexticLengthUnit - + - - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - LevelOfExpertise - Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). - - - - - RedBottomAntiQuark - RedBottomAntiQuark - - - - - GreenBottomAntiQuark - GreenBottomAntiQuark + + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy + Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - - - - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. - OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OrbitalAngularMomentumQuantumNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1916324 - 10-13.3 - Atomic quantum number related to the orbital angular momentum l of a one-electron state. + + + + HotDipGalvanizing + Hot-dipGalvanizing + HotDipGalvanizing - - - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - TemporallyFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). + + + + PhotochemicalProcesses + PhotochemicalProcesses - + - - - - - - - - PoyntingVector - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - PoyntingVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 - 6-34 - Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + + + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + The negative of ElementaryCharge. + ElectronCharge + The charge of an electron. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01982 - + - - SparkPlasmaSintering - SparkPlasmaSintering + + DefinedEdgeCutting + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + Spanen mit geometrisch bestimmten Schneiden + DefinedEdgeCutting @@ -19520,1842 +19165,2200 @@ Sex of a human being. Drilling - + + + + + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. + PreparedSample + The sample after a preparation process. + + + - - - ReactorTimeConstant - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. - ReactorTimeConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ReactorTimeConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99518950 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-04 - 10-79 - Duration required for the neutron fluence rate in a reactor to change by the factor e when the fluence rate is rising or falling exponentially. + + + + + T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ReciprocalMassUnit + ReciprocalMassUnit - + + + + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + ModelledProperty + A quantity obtained from a well-defined modelling procedure. + + + + + + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + WearTesting + A wear test measures the changes in conditions caused by friction, and the result is obtained from deformation, scratches, and indentations on the interacting surfaces. Wear is defined as the progressive removal of the material from a solid surface and manifested by a change in the geometry of the surface. + + + + + + Soldering + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + Löten + Soldering + + + + + + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + LiquidAerosol + An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + + - - - MobilityRatio - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. - MobilityRatio - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MobilityRatio - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106010255 - 12-31 - Quotient of electron and hole mobility. + + + + + T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + + + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Reductionistic + A class devoted to categorize causal objects by specifying their granularity levels. + A granularity level is specified by a tiling decomposition of the whole y. A tiling is identified as a set of items {x1, x2, ... xn} called tiles that: + - are proper parts of y + - covers the entire whole (y = x1 +x2 + ... + xn) + - do not overlap + - are part of one, and one only, whole (inverse functional) + Direct parthood is the antitransitive parthood relation used to build the class hierarchy (and the granularity hierarchy) for this perspective. - - - - Grinding - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. - Grinding - Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + + + + + Cutting + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). + Schneiden + Cutting - - - - ElectricPolarization - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - ElectricPolarization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricPolarization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-37 - 6-7 - At a given point within a domain of quasi-infinitesimal volume V, vector quantity equal to the electric dipole moment p of the substance contained within the domain divided by the volume V. - + + + + BondedAtom + A real bond between atoms is always something hybrid between covalent, metallic and ionic. - - - - - - - - - - - SurfaceActivityDensity - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. - SurfaceActivityDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceActivityDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98103005 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-10 - 10-30 - Quotient of the activity A of a sample and the total area S of the surface of that sample. +In general, metallic and ionic bonds have atoms sharing electrons. + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. + The bond types that are covered by this definition are the strong electonic bonds: covalent, metallic and ionic. + This class can be used to represent molecules as simplified quantum systems, in which outer molecule shared electrons are un-entangled with the inner shells of the atoms composing the molecule. + BondedAtom + An bonded atom that shares at least one electron to the atom-based entity of which is part of. - - - - - CanonicalPartitionFunction - CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96142389 - 9-35.2 + + + + + + + + + + + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + GasMixture + GasSolution + A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - - - - Enthalpy - Measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. - Enthalpy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Enthalpy - 5.20-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02141 + + + ElementaryFermion + ElementaryFermion - + - - SpecificInternalEnergy - Internal energy per unit mass. - SpecificInternalEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificInternalEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76357367 - 5-21.2 - Internal energy per unit mass. + + + MolarEnthalpy + MolarEnthalpy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88769977 + Enthalpy per amount of substance. + 9-6.2 - - - - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. - Spray - A suspension of liquid droplets dispersed in a gas through an atomization process. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RedAntiQuark + RedAntiQuark - + - + - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - LinearDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77267838 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-09 - 6-5 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the length. - - - - - - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - MeasurementParameter - Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalModel - A mathematical model can be defined as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language to facilitate proper explanation of a system or to study the effects of different components and to make predictions on patterns of behaviour. - -Abramowitz and Stegun, 1968 - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. - MathematicalModel - An analogical icon expressed in mathematical language. + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 + 6-9 + Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - + - T+2 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - PerEnergyUnit - PerEnergyUnit - - - - - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - The ion_atom is the basic part of a pure ionic bonded compound i.e. without eclectron sharing, - IonAtom - A standalone atom with an unbalanced number of electrons with respect to its atomic number. - - - - - - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - Assembled - A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - - - - - - - WaveVector - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - WaveVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657009 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-09 - 3-21 - Vector k in the expression ω t−k⋅r+ϑ0 of the phase of a sinusoidal wave. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_vector + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit + EnergyLengthPerAmountUnit - + - GreenCharmQuark - GreenCharmQuark + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + Photon + The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon - - - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. - Laboratory - The laboratory where the whole characterisation process or some of its stages take place. + + + + ModulusOfAdmittance + ModulusOfAdmittance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfAdmittance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79466359 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-52 + 6-52.4 - + - T-2 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N-1 J0 + T0 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - EntropyPerAmountUnit - EntropyPerAmountUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit + AmountPerAreaUnit - + + + + SamplePreparationInstrument + + SamplePreparationInstrument + + + + + + Potentiometry + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + Potentiometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900632 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-12 + Method of electroanalytical chemistry based on measurement of an electrode potential. Potentiometric methods are used to measure the electrochemical potentials of a metallic structure in a given environment. For measurements using ion-selective electrodes, the measurement is made under equilibrium conditions what means that the macroscopic electric current is zero and the concentrations of all species are uniform throughout the solution. The indicator electrode is in direct contact with the analyte solution, whereas the reference electrode is usually separated from the analyte solution by a salt bridge. The potential difference between the indicator and reference electrodes is normally directly proportional to the logarithm of the activity (concentration) of the analyte in the solution (Nernst equation). See also ion selective electrode. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + - + - - MagneticMoment - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - MagneticAreaMoment - MagneticMoment - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticMoment - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-49 - 6-23 - A vector quantity equal to the product of the current, the loop area, and the unit vector normal to the loop plane, the direction of which corresponds to the loop orientation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03688 + + + SeebeckCoefficient + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. + SeebeckCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SeebeckCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448 + 12-21 + Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature. - + - - - LatticePlaneSpacing - distance between successive lattice planes - LatticePlaneSpacing - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LatticePlaneSpacing - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488046 - 12-3 - distance between successive lattice planes + + + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs + The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. + +It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - - + + + + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + LengthFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. + Unit for plane angle. + + + + + + + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Emulsion + An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (a liquid-liquid heterogeneous mixture). + Mayonnaise, milk. + + + + - - - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - SemioticEntity - Semiotic subclasse are defined using Peirce's semiotic theory. + + FundamentalLatticeVector + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + FundamentalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105451063 + 12-1.2 + Fundamental translation vector for the crystal lattice. + -"Namely, a sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign determined or created by it, into the same sort of correspondence with something, C, its object, as that in which itself stands to C." (Peirce 1902, NEM 4, 20–21). + + + + + NonLeakageProbability + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + NonLeakageProbability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Non-LeakageProbability + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99415566 + 10-77 + Probability that a neutron will not escape from the reactor during the slowing-down process or while it diffuses as a thermal neutron. + -The triadic elements: -- 'sign': the sign A (e.g. a name) -- 'interpretant': the sign B as the effects of the sign A on the interpreter (e.g. the mental concept of what a name means) -- 'object': the object C (e.g. the entity to which the sign A and B refer to) + + + + Java + Java + -This class includes also the 'interpeter' i.e. the entity that connects the 'sign' to the 'object' - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. - SemioticEntity - The class of individuals that stands for semiotic objects, i.e. objects that take part on a semiotic process. + + + + + + + T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + + + SquareTemperatureUnit + SquareTemperatureUnit - - - - GravityCasting - GravityCasting + + + + + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. + SubObject + An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. + If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. - - - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - Photon - The class of individuals that stand for photons elementary particles. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon + + + + OxidationNumber + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + OxidationState + OxidationNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 + https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state + Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - + + + + + MultiplicationFactor + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + MultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440471 + 10-78.1 + Quotient of the total number of fission or fission-dependent neutrons produced in the duration of a time interval and the total number of neutrons lost by absorption and leakage in that duration. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Dispersion + A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + + + + - - + + - - - - - - - - - MathematicalConstruct - MathematicalConstruct - - - - - - HPPC - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. - HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation - HybridPulsePowerCharacterization - HPPC - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + + + MeanMassRange + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + MeanMassRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 + 10-57 + Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - + - T+3 L0 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - PerThermalTransmittanceUnit - - - - - - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit + AmountPerAreaTimeUnit - - - + + + + - - / + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - Division - Division + + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit + MassAmountOfSubstanceUnit - + - Positron - Positron + + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + QuantumDecay + A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - + + + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + CausalExpansion + A causal expansion is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n), when m<n. + + + + + + + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + LiquidFoam + A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. + + + + + + HelmholtzEnergy + HelmholtzFreeEnergy + HelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865821 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-24 + 5-20.4 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.H02772 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BottomQuark + BottomQuark + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_quark + + + + + BlueUpQuark + BlueUpQuark + + + + + + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + HardnessTesting + A test to determine the resistance a material exhibits to permanent deformation by penetration of another harder material. + + + + + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + NeutralWeakBoson + ZBoson + An uncharged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + Z bosons are their own antiparticles. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons + + + + - - + + = - - - MolarMass - Mass per amount of substance. - MolarMass - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 - 9-4 - Mass per amount of substance. + + + Equals + The equals symbol. + Equals + The equals symbol. - - - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential - Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. - In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + Numeral + Numeral - - - - DampingCoefficient - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. - DampingCoefficient - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 - 3-24 - Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + + + + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. + IMC + IsothermalMicrocalorimetry + Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - - - - NumberOfEntities - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - NumberOfEntities - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614112 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=112-01-09 - 9-1 - Discrete quantity; number of entities of a given kind in a system. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04266 + + + Person + Person - - - - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - Calorimetry - In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + + + + + + + + + + KinematicViscosity + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + KinematicViscosity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KinematicViscosity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15106259 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-35 + 4-25 + Quotient of dynamic viscosity and mass density of a fluid. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03395 - - - - - ShortRangeOrderParameter - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction - ShortRangeOrderParameter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Short-RangeOrderParameter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105495979 - 12-5.1 - fraction of nearest-neighbour atom pairs in an Ising ferromagnet having magnetic moments in one direction, minus the fraction having magnetic moments in the opposite direction + + + + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. + AlphaSpectrometry + Alpha spectrometry (also known as alpha(-particle) spectroscopy) is the quantitative study of the energy of alpha particles emitted by a radioactive nuclide that is an alpha emitter. As emitted alpha particles are mono-energetic (i.e. not emitted with a spectrum of energies, such as beta decay) with energies often distinct to the decay they can be used to identify which radionuclide they originated from. - + - T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-4 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + InversePermittivityUnit + InversePermittivityUnit - + - - + - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + - - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit - ElectricConductivityPerAmountUnit + + + + SpecificEntropy + SpecificEntropy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificEntropy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69423705 + 5-19 - - + + - - + + + - - Plus - Plus + + LuminousIntensity + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. + LuminousIntensity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousIntensity + 7-14 + A measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle. It is based on the luminosity function, which is a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. - + - - CentreOfMass - In non-relativistic physics, the centre of mass doesn’t depend on the chosen reference frame. - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - CentreOfMass - The unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass of an Item sums to zero. Equivalently, it is the point where if a force is applied to the Item, causes the Item to move in direction of force without rotation. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass + + + + + T+2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + SquareTimeUnit + SquareTimeUnit - - - - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - Organisation - An holistic system of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives. + + + GreenDownQuark + GreenDownQuark - + - - Gluing - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material - Kleben - Gluing - - - - - - - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - InternalStep - A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - - - - - - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. - ThroughTile - A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation. + + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + QuenchingAndTempering + Vergüten + Tempering + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - - - - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. + + + + + PhaseDifference + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. + DisplacementAngle + PhaseDifference + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97222919 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-48 + 6-48 + Under sinusoidal conditions, phase difference between the voltage applied to a linear two-terminal element or two-terminal circuit and the electric current in the element or circuit. - + - - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - DPV - DifferentialPulseVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275361 - Voltammetry in which small potential pulses (constant height 10 to 100 mV, constant width 10 to 100 ms) are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential or onto a staircase potential ramp. The current is sampled just before the onset of the pulse (e.g. 10 to 20 ms) and for the same sampling time just before the end of the pulse. The difference between the two sampled currents is plotted versus the potential applied before the pulse. Thus, a differential pulse voltammogram is peak-shaped. Differential pulse polarography is differential pulse voltammetry in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied before the mechani- cally enforced end of the drop and the current is sampled twice: just before the onset of the pulse and just before its end. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop life. The drop dislodgement is synchronized with current sampling, which is carried out as in DPV. The ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated in the same way as in normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). Moreover, subtraction of the charging current sampled before the application of the pulse further decreases its negative influence. Due to the more enhanced signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lower than with NPV. The sensitivity of DPV depends on the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_pulse_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). + OCVHold + OpenCircuitHold + A process in which the electric current is kept constant at 0 (i.e., open-circuit conditions). - + - - Synchrotron + + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry - Synchrotron + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. + SIMS + SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry + Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions. - - + + - T0 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit - MagneticFieldStrengthUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + ReciprocalAmountPerVolumeUnit + + + + + + + + + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 + 12-36.1 + + + + + + + + + + + + LuminousFlux + Perceived power of light. + LuminousFlux + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LuminousFlux + 7-13 + Perceived power of light. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03646 + + + + + + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + OpticalMicroscopy + Optical microscopy is a technique used to closely view a sample through the magnification of a lens with visible light. + + + + + + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + QueryLanguage + A construction language used to make queries in databases and information systems. + SQL, SPARQL + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_language + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownQuarkType + DownQuarkType - - + + + RightHandedParticle + RightHandedParticle + + + + - - + + + + + + + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + JunctionTile + A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole hybridly in spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parts. + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + MetrologicalSymbol + A symbol that stands for a concept in the language of the meterological domain of ISO 80000. + + + + + + + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngluarRepetency + DebyeAngularWaveNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularWavenumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105554370 + 12-9.3 + Cut-off angular wavenumber in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + + + + + RedBottomAntiQuark + RedBottomAntiQuark + + + + - - + + + 1 - Cognition - IconSemiosis - Cognition + + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + IRI + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ῥόδος + IRIs are commonly used as identifiers for ontological entities, although the extended unicode character set is rarely used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier - + - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex - - DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. + LevelOfAutomation + Describes the level of automation of the test. - - - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. - QuantumData - Data that are expressed through quantum mechanical principles, and that can have several values ​​/ be in several states in the same place at the same time (quantum superposition), each of them with a certain probability. + + + + BPMNDiagram + BPMNDiagram - - - Observed - Observed - The biography of a person met by the author. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + UpAntiQuarkType + UpAntiQuarkType - + + + + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + PrecipitationHardening + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + + + + Broadcast + Broadcast + + + + + + + + + + + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + MixedTiling + A well formed tessellation with at least a junction tile. + + + - T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit + IlluminanceTimeUnit - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - AreaPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. - AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy - Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit + SquareMassPerSquareTimeUnit - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LengthUnit - LengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit + TemperaturePerLengthUnit - + + + + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + Demontage + Dismantling + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + - + - - MeanMassRange - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - MeanMassRange - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanMassRange - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681670 - 10-57 - Product of the mean linear range R and the mass density ρ of the material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03783 - - - - - - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. - Ellipsometry - Ellipsometry is an optical technique that uses polarised light to probe the dielectric properties of a sample (optical system). The common application of ellipsometry is the analysis of thin films. Through the analysis of the state of polarisation of the light that is reflected from the sample, ellipsometry yields information on the layers that are thinner than the wavelength of the light itself, down to a single atomic layer or less. Depending on what is already known about the sample, the technique can probe a range of properties including layer thickness, morphology, and chemical composition. + + MassChangeRate + Mass increment per time. + MassChangeRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92020547 + 4-30.3 + Mass increment per time. - + - - - - - T0 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountPerMassUnit - AmountPerMassUnit + + + PhaseAngle + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. + PhaseAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415829 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-07-04 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=141-01-01 + 3-7 + Angular measure between the positive real axis and the radius of the polar representation of the complex number in the complex plane. - - - - RawSample - - RawSample + + + + Electroplating + Electroplating - - - - - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - State - Status - An object which is an holistic temporal part of a process. - A semi-naked man is a status in the process of a man's dressing. + + + + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze + Tieftemperaturbehandeln + DeepFreezing + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - - - NormalPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - NPV - NormalPulseVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + PseudovectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and even parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovector_meson - - - - - ExchangeIntegral - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions - ExchangeIntegral - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExchangeIntegral - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10882959 - 12-34 - constituent of the interaction energy between the spins of adjacent electrons in matter arising from the overlap of electron state functions + + + + Punctuation + Punctuation - - - - - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. - Gel - A soft, solid or solid-like colloid consisting of two or more components, one of which is a liquid, present in substantial quantity. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + ChargedWeakBoson + IntermediateVectorBoson + WBoson + A charged vector boson that mediate the weak interaction. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PowerUnit - PowerUnit - - - - - - - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 - 10-78.2 - In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - - - - - - ActivePower - Average power over a period. - ActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820042 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-42 - 6-56 - Average power over a period. - - - - - - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - Real part of the impedance. - ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 - 6-51.2 - Real part of the impedance. + PowerDensityUnit + PowerDensityUnit - - - - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - ShotPeening - Verfestigungsstrahlen - Peening - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + + + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. + AnalogData + Data that are decoded retaining its continuous variations characteristic. + A vynil contain continuous information about the recorded sound. + The fact that there may be a finite granularity in the variations of the material basis (e.g. the smallest peak in a vynil that can be recognized by the piezo-electric transducer) does not prevent a data to be analog. It means only that the focus on such data encoding is on a scale that makes such variations negligible, making them practically a continuum. - + + + - + - - - - - - - + + - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. - Dispersion - A material in which distributed particles of one phase are dispersed in a different continuous phase. + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). + Substance + A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space). - - - - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - MassFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two masses. - Unit for mass fraction. + + + + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + MarkupLanguage + A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. + HTML + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language - + + + + TensileTesting + + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + TensionTest + TensileTesting + Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, is a test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics. Uniaxial tensile testing is the most commonly used for obtaining the mechanical characteristics of isotropic materials. Some materials use biaxial tensile testing. The main difference between these testing machines being how load is applied on the materials. + + + + + + + + + T-1 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + MassPerVolumeTimeUnit + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + - FundamentalMatterParticle - FundamentalMatterParticle + FundamentalInteraction + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + FundamentalInteraction + A fundamental physical process is made of one or more standard particles as input, and one or more standard particles as output, where each input is direct cause of each output. +Each fundamental physical phenomena refers to a Feynman diagram, hence is made at least of three standard model particles. +This requirement implies that a physical phenomena is either a decay, annihilation, interaction, collapse or creation phenomena (fundamental) or a composition of them (non-fundamental). + A causal system that is the representation of a Feynman diagram, where quantum represents the real particles entering and exiting the system. + A fundamental system is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,n) of quantums, m being the number of originating quantums, and n being the receiving quantums. + + + + + + FORTRAN + FORTRAN - - - - - RybergConstant - The Rydberg constant represents the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (the inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing the hydrogen atom from its ground state. - RybergConstant - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/RydbergConstant - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05430 + + + + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. + AqueousSolution + A liquid solution in which the solvent is water. - - - - - - - - - - - Capacitance - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - ElectricCapacitance - Capacitance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Capacitance - 6-13 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the electric potential. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00791 + + + + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + StyleSheetLanguage + A computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. + CSS + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_sheet_language - + - + + - - + + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - - - - MassFlow - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - MassFlow - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 - 4-30.1 - At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + + VolumePerAmountUnit + VolumePerAmountUnit - - - - DifferentialOperator - DifferentialOperator + + + + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. + LightScattering + Light scattering is the way light behaves when it interacts with a medium that contains particles or the boundary between different mediums where defects or structures are present. It is different than the effects of refraction, where light undergoes a change in index of refraction as it passes from one medium to another, or reflection, where light reflects back into the same medium, both of which are governed by Snell’s law. Light scattering can be caused by factors such as the nature, texture, or specific structures of a surface and the presence of gas, liquid, or solid particles through which light propagates, as well as the nature of the light itself, of its wavelengths and polarization states. It usually results in diffuse light and can also affect the dispersion of color. - - - - - - - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermodynamicCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106103200 - 12-36.1 + + + RedTopQuark + RedTopQuark - - - - - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. - LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LowerCriticalMagneticFluxDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127355 - 12-36.2 - For type II superconductors, the threshold magnetic flux density for magnetic flux entering the superconductor. + + + AntiMuon + AntiMuon - + - - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - Fractography - Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. + Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) + NMR + NuclearMagneticResonance + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei. This spectroscopy is based on the measurement of absorption of electromagnetic radiations in the radio frequency region from roughly 4 to 900 MHz. Absorption of radio waves in the presence of magnetic field is accompanied by a special type of nuclear transition, and for this reason, such type of spectroscopy is known as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The sample is placed in a magnetic field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the nuclei sample with radio waves into nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive radio receivers. The intramolecular magnetic field around an atom in a molecule changes the resonance frequency, thus giving access to details of the electronic structure of a molecule and its individual functional groups. As the fields are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds, in modern organic chemistry practice, NMR spectroscopy is the definitive method to identify monomolecular organic compounds. - - - - - RelativePermittivity - Permittivity divided by electric constant. - RelativePermittivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/unit/PERMITTIVITY_REL - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-13 - 6-15 - Permittivity divided by electric constant. + + + + + MaterialSynthesis + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + MaterialSynthesis + The creation of a material entity starting from fundamental substances, involving chemical phenomena (e.g. reaction, bonding). + Deals with undefined shapes both input and output. - + + + + ProductionEngineering + ProductionEngineering + + + - + + - - + + T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity - LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LinearElectricCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356741 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-12 - 6-9 - Surface density of electric charge multiplied by velocity + + MassTemperatureUnit + MassTemperatureUnit - - - GreenStrangeAntiQuark - GreenStrangeAntiQuark + + + + + RelativePermeability + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + RelativePermeability + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticPermeabilityRatio + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77785645 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-29 + 6-27 + Scalar quantity or tensor quantity equal to the absolute permeability divided by the magnetic constant. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05272 - + - - MutualInductance - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - MutualInductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78101401 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-36 - 6-41.2 - Given an electric current in a thin conducting loop and the linked flux caused by that electric current in another loop, the mutual inductance of the two loops is the linked flux divided by the electric current. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04076 + + DisplacementCurrentDensity + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 + 6-18 + Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - + - - - - - T+1 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricChargePerMassUnit - ElectricChargePerMassUnit + + + ThermalUtilizationFactor + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. + ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalUtilizationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99197650 + 10-76 + In an infinite medium, the quotient of the number of thermal neutrons absorbed in a fissionable nuclide or in a nuclear fuel, as specified, and the total number of thermal neutrons absorbed. - - - - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry - Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuark + DownAntiQuark - + + + + + + + + + + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + Experiment + An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment. + + + - - Electrogravimetry - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - Electrogravimetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902953 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-04-14 - Method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetry + + RawSample + + RawSample - - - - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring - ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + + + + + + + + + + + + + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Deducer + An interpreter who establish the connection between an index sign and an object according to a causal contiguity. + Someone who deduces an emotional status of a persona according to facial expression. + Someone who deduces the occurring of a physical phenomenon through other phenomena. - - - - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - InteractionVolume - The volume of material, and the surrounding environment, that interacts with the probe and generate a detectable (measurable) signal (information). - In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the incident electron beam, is usually much smaller than the entire specimen’s volume, and can be computed by using proper models. The interaction between the scanning probe and the sample generates a series of detectable signals (back scattered electrons, secondary electrons, x-rays, specimen current, etc.) which contain information on sample morphology, microstructure, composition, etc. In x-ray diffraction, the interaction volume is the volume of material that interacts directly with the x-ray beam and is usually smaller than the volume of the entire specimen. Depending on sample’s structure and microstructure, the interaction between the sample and the x-ray incident beam generates a secondary (reflected) beam that is measured by a detector and contains information on certain sample’s properties (e.g., crystallographic structure, phase composition, grain size, residual stress...). - In some cases, (like tribological characterisations) the “sample” can also be the “probe”. When analysing a system of samples that interact each other, finding a clear definition can become a complex problem. It is important to note that, in some cases, the volume of interaction could be different from the volume of detectable signal emission. Example: in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the volume of interaction between the electron probe and the material is different from the volumes that generate the captured signal. + + + + + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. + DiffusionCoefficientForParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98875545 + 10-64 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle number density n. - - - - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. - IterativeCoupledModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations solved iteratively, where equations are segregated. + + + + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. + Assembled + A system of independent elements that are assembled together to perform a function. - - - - - RelaxationTime - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles - RelaxationTime - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106041085 - 12-32.1 - time constant for scattering, trapping or annihilation of charge carriers, phonons or other quasiparticles + + + PhysicalyUnbonded + PhysicalyUnbonded - + - + - - ThermalConductance - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - ThermalConductance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalConductance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17176562 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-46 - 5-13 - Reciprocal of the thermal resistance. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06298 + + + ThomsonCoefficient + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference + ThomsonCoefficient + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105801233 + 12-23 + quotient of Thomson heat power developed, and the electric current and temperature difference - + - + - Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - Illuminance - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Illuminance - The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.I02941 + + JouleThomsonCoefficient + JouleThomsonCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93946998 + 5-24 - - - - - VolumeFraction - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - VolumeFraction - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/VolumeFraction - 9-14 - Volume of a constituent of a mixture divided by the sum of volumes of all constituents prior to mixing. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.V06643 + + + GluonType3 + GluonType3 - - - - LinearChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - LinearChronopotentiometry - Chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + + + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Join + A tessellation in wich a tile is next for two or more non spatially connected tiles. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - NeutrinoType - An elementary particle with spin 1/2 that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino + + + + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry + The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - - - - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). - QuantumAnnihilation - A quantum annihilation is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(m,1). + + + + Command + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + An instruction to a computer system to perform a given task. + Command + From a bash shell would e.g. `ls` be a command. Another example of a shell command would be `/path/to/executable arg1 arg2`. + A command must be interpretable by the computer system. + Commands are typically performed from a shell or a shell script, but not limited to them. - + - + - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - OsmoticFactorOfSolvent - OsmoticCoefficientOfSolvent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5776102 - 9-27.2 - Quantity characterizing the deviation of a solvent from ideal behavior. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04342 - - - - - RightHandedParticle - RightHandedParticle - - - - - - - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - Here we consider a temporal interval that is lower than the characteristic time of the physical process that provides the causality connection between the object parts. - SubObject - An object which is an holistic temporal part of another object. - If an inhabited house is considered as an house that is occupied by some people in its majority of time, then an interval of inhabited house in which occasionally nobody is in there is no more an inhabited house, but an unhinabited house, since this temporal part does not satisfy the criteria of the whole. + + AngularMeasure + The abstract notion of angle. + AngularMeasure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 + 3-5 + The abstract notion of angle. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 - - - - + + + - - T+10 L-2 M-3 I+4 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit - QuarticElectricDipoleMomentPerCubicEnergyUnit + + + + AmountOfSubstance + "In the name “amount of substance”, the word “substance” will typically be replaced by words to specify the substance concerned in any particular application, for example “amount of hydrogen chloride, HCl”, or “amount of benzene, C6H6 ”. It is important to give a precise definition of the entity involved (as emphasized in the definition of the mole); this should preferably be done by specifying the molecular chemical formula of the material involved. Although the word “amount” has a more general dictionary definition, the abbreviation of the full name “amount of substance” to “amount” may be used for brevity." + +-- SI Brochure + The number of elementary entities present. + AmountOfSubstance + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AmountOfSubstance + 9-2 + The number of elementary entities present. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00297 - - - GluonType3 - GluonType3 + + + + + + + + + + + Action + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. + Action + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Action + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-51 + 4-32 + Physical quantity of dimension energy × time. - + - - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. - Nexafs - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), also known as X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a type of absorption spectroscopy that indicates the features in the X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of condensed matter due to the photoabsorption cross section for electronic transitions from an atomic core level to final states in the energy region of 50–100 eV above the selected atomic core level ionization energy, where the wavelength of the photoelectron is larger than the interatomic distance between the absorbing atom and its first neighbour atoms. + + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. + CreepTesting + The creep test is a destructive materials testing method for determination of the long-term strength and heat resistance of a material. When running a creep test, the specimen is subjected to increased temperature conditions for an extended period of time and loaded with a constant tensile force or tensile stress. - + - T-2 L+1 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - PermeabilityUnit - PermeabilityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - - - - + + + - - T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + 2 - - MassSquareTimeUnit - MassSquareTimeUnit - - - - - RedCharmQuark - RedCharmQuark - - - - - - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - A peak-shaped adsorptive stripping voltammogram is obtained. Peak current depends on time of accumulation, mass transport of analyte (stirring), scan rate and mode (linear or pulse), and analyte concentration in solution. AdSV is usually employed for analysis of organic compounds or metal complexes with organic ligands. Stripping is done by means of an anodic or a cathodic voltammetric scan (linear or pulse), during which the adsorbed compound is oxidized or reduced. - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - AdSV - AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry - Stripping voltammetry involving pre-concentration by adsorption of the analyte (in contrast to electro-chemical accumulation). - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - + - - + + + 1 - - - Mobility - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - Mobility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Mobility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900648 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-36 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-02-77 - 10-61 - Quotient of average drift speed imparted to a charged particle in a medium by an electric field, and the electric field strength. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03955 + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + Neutron + An uncharged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron - + - - Weight - Force of gravity acting on a body. - Weight - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight - 4-9.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 + + Strain + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + Strain + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain + 4-17.1 + Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - DiffusivityUnit - DiffusivityUnit + TimePerLengthUnit + TimePerLengthUnit - + - - - - - - + + - - - AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomicNumber - Number of protons in an atomic nucleus. - 10-1.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00499 + + + Compressibility + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. + Compressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Compressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8067817 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-70 + 4-20 + Measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure change. - - - - Galvanizing - Galvanizing + + + + + EnergyImparted + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. + EnergyImparted + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyImparted + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99526944 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-34 + 10-80.1 + Sum of energies deposited by ionizing radiation in a given volume. - + - - - - - T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + + + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + ThermodynamicGrueneisenParameter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105658620 + 12-13 - - - - - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. - BeginStep - An initial step of a workflow. - There may be more than one begin task, if they run in parallel. + + + BlueCharmAntiQuark + BlueCharmAntiQuark + + + + + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + PhysicalPhenomena + A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. + + + + + + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + EIS + ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492904 + Electrochemical measurement method of the complex impedance of an electrochemical system as a function of the frequency of a small amplitude (normally 5 to 10 mV) sinusoidal voltage perturbation superimposed on a fixed value of applied potential or on the open circuit potential. Impedimetric sensors are based on measurement of a concentration-dependent parameter taken from analysis of the respective electrochemical impedance spectra, or from the impedance magnitudes at a chosen fixed frequency. The sinusoidal current response lags behind the sinusoidal voltage perturbation by a phase angle φ. Resistances (e.g. to charge transfer) give a response in phase with the voltage perturbation; capacitances (e.g. double layer) give a response 90° out of phase; combinations of resistances and capacitances give phase angles between 0 and 90°. Plots of the out of phase vs. the in phase component of the impedance for all the frequencies tested are called complex plane (or Nyquist) plots. Plots of the phase angle and the magnitude of the impedance vs. the logarithm of perturbation frequency are called Bode diagrams. Complex plane plots are the more commonly used for electrochemical sensors. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - BeginTile - BeginTile + + + + + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 + 9-35.1 - + - - - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. - IntrinsicCarrierDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IntinsicCarrierDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303188 - 12-29.3 - Square root of the product of electron and hole density in a semiconductor. + + + + + + + + AvogadroConstant + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Avogadro_constant) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + AvogadroConstant + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/AvogadroConstant + The number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole. + +It defines the base unit mole in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00543 - + - + - - SurfaceTension - 4-26 - SurfaceTension - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceTension - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-42 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06192 + + StructureFactor + Mathematical description in crystallography. + StructureFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/StructureFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900684 + 12-5.4 + Mathematical description in crystallography. - + + + + Folding + Folding + + + + + + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy + Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) refers to the collection of spectroscopic data in TEM or STEM, enabling qualitative or quantitative compositional analysis. + + + + + + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + CyclicChronopotentiometry + Chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + + - BlueCharmQuark - BlueCharmQuark + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + DownAntiQuarkType + DownAntiQuarkType - - - - Ruby - Ruby + + + + + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. + InternalStep + A generic step in a workflow, that is not the begin or the end. - - - - GrowingCrystal - GrowingCrystal + + + + + ProtonMass + The rest mass of a proton. + ProtonMass + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/ProtonMass + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04914 - - - - Milling - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - Milling - Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + + + + + DebyeAngularFrequency + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. + DebyeAngularFrequency + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 + 12-10 + Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - - - - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix - MetricPrefix - Dimensionless multiplicative unit prefix. + + + + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + Modeller + A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - + - - - - - T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MagneticFluxUnit - MagneticFluxUnit + + RefractiveIndex + Factor by which the phase velocity of light is reduced in a medium. + RefractiveIndex + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RefractiveIndex + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05240 - + + + + + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DiffusionCoefficientForFluenceRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98876254 + 10-65 + Proportionality constant between the particle current density J and the gradient of the particle fluence rate. + + + + + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + ContinuumModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of continuum volume. + + + - + + - Coercivity - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - Coercivity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Coercivity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-69 - 6-31 - Coercive field strength in a substance when either the magnetic flux density or the magnetic polarization and magnetization is brought from its value at magnetic saturation to zero by monotonic reduction of the applied magnetic field strength. - - - - - - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - TEM - TransmissionElectronMicroscopy - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + Permittivity + Measure for how the polarization of a material is affected by the application of an external electric field. + Permittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Permittivity + 6-14.1 + 6-14.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04507 - - - - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - DCPolarography - Linear scan voltammetry with slow scan rate in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. If the whole scan is performed on a single growing drop, the technique should be called single drop scan voltammetry. The term polarography in this context is discouraged. This is the oldest variant of polarographic techniques, introduced by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890 – 1967). Usually the drop time is between 1 and 5 s and the pseudo-steady-state wave-shaped dependence on potential is called a polarogram. If the limiting current is controlled by diffusion, it is expressed by the Ilkovich equation. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + + T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AngularMomentumUnit + AngularMomentumUnit - + - + - - EnergyFluence - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. - EnergyFluence - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/EnergyFluence - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98538612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-17 - 10-46 - In nuclear physics, incident radiant energy per cross-sectional area. + + + + + + ParticleConcentration + ParticleConcentration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39078574 + 9-9.1 - + - - + - - T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 + + - - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + + + + ParticleNumberDensity + Mean number of particles per volume. + ParticleNumberDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleNumberDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98601569 + 10-62.1 + Mean number of particles per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04262 - - - - - LogarithmicDecrement - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. - LogarithmicDecrement - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399446 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-25 - 3-25 - Product of damping coefficient and period duration. + + + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + ScalarMeson + A meson with spin zero and even parity. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson - - - - MetrologicalUncertainty - In general, for a given set of information, it is understood that the measurement uncertainty is associated with a stated quantity value. A modification of this value results in a modification of the associated uncertainty. - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". - Metrological uncertainty includes components arising from systematic effects, such as components associated with corrections and the assigned quantity values of measurement standards, as well as the definitional uncertainty. Sometimes estimated systematic effects are not corrected for but, instead, associated measurement uncertainty components are incorporated. - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - A metrological uncertainty can be assigned to any objective property via the 'hasMetrologicalUncertainty' relation. - MetrologicalUncertainty - The uncertainty of a quantity obtained through a well-defined procedure, characterising of the dispersion of the quantity. - - Standard deviation -- Half-width of an interval with a stated coverage probability - Metrological uncertainty in EMMO is a slight generalisation of the VIM term 'measurement uncertainty', which is defined as "a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity being measured". + + + + + MaximumEfficiency + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. + CarnotEfficiency + MaximumEfficiency + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 + 5-25.2 + Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - LengthTemperatureUnit - LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - StrictFundamental - The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole). - - - - - - UTF8 - UTF8 - - - - - - ThermalSprayingForming - ThermalSprayingForming - - - - - - FormingFromPowder - FormingFromPowder - - - - - MultiParticlePath - MultiParticlePath - - - - - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - PhysicalPhenomena - A CausalSystem that includes quantum parts that are not bonded with the rest. - - - - - - UndefinedEdgeCutting - Spanen mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden - UndefinedEdgeCutting + PressurePerTemperatureUnit + PressurePerTemperatureUnit - + - T-3 L+2 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricResistanceUnit - ElectricResistanceUnit - - - - - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - PhysicallyNonInteracting - A causal multipath system is a system made of causal paths that are not interacting between each others, or possibly merge and fork. - A physically unbounded system is a combination of decays and/or annihilations, without any space-like interaction between elementary particles. - - - - - - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - PrimaryData - Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. - Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. - - - - - - ReactionSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - ReactionSintering - - - - - - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - AcousticQuantity - Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit + TemperatureAreaPerMassTimeUnit - + - + - - - Area - Extent of a surface. - Area - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Area - 3-3 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00429 + + MolarMass + Mass per amount of substance. + MolarMass + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarMass + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145623 + 9-4 + Mass per amount of substance. + + + + + + + LevelWidth + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + LevelWidth + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 + 10-26 + In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + + + + + AmorphousMaterial + NonCrystallineMaterial + AmorphousMaterial + + + + + + PaperManufacturing + PaperManufacturing - - - - DieCasting - DieCasting + + + + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. + CharacterisationDataValidation + Procedure to validate the characterisation data. - - - - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - Nanoindentation - Nanoindentation (known also as nanoindentation test) is a method for testing the hardness and related mechanical properties of materials, facilitated by high-precision instrumentation in the nanometer scale, as well as analytical and computational algorithms for result evaluation. - By definition, when someone performs nanoindentation, it refers to either quasistatic or continuous stiffness measurement. However, in reality with a nanoindenter it is also possible to perform scratch testing, scanning probe microscopy, and apply non-contact surface energy mapping, which can also be called nanoindentation, because they are measurements conducted using an nanoindenter. + + + + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. + OrdinaryMatter + Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles. - + + + GreenBottomAntiQuark + GreenBottomAntiQuark + + + - T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ+2 N0 J0 + T-2 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit - SquareTemperaturePerTimeUnit + EnergyAreaUnit + EnergyAreaUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - Fermion - A physical particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion + + + + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. + FE-SEM + FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy + Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) is an advanced technology used to capture the microstructure image of the materials. FE-SEM is typically performed in a high vacuum because gas molecules tend to disturb the electron beam and the emitted secondary and backscattered electrons used for imaging. - - + + + + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + LevelOfExpertise + Describes the level of expertise required to carry out a process (the entire test or the data processing). + + + + + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + BlueStrangeAntiQuark + + + + - + - + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -21364,530 +21367,536 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - StateOfMatter - A superclass made as the disjoint union of all the form under which matter can exist. - In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter - - - - - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - EnvironmentalData - NonEncodedData - Data that occurs naturally without an encoding agent producing it. - A cloud in the sky. The radiative spectrum of a star. - This is a really broad class that gathers all physical phenomena in which a variation occurs naturally. - - - - - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. - AtomisticModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of atoms. + GreenQuark + GreenQuark - + - + + - - - - - - + + T+2 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - - - MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - AtomicMassNumber - NucleonNumber - MassNumber - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassNumber - Number of nucleons in an atomic nucleus. - - - - - - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - Inequality - A relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. - f(x) > 0 - - - - - - TotalCurrentDensity - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - TotalCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77680811 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-44 - 6-20 - Sum of electric current density and displacement current density. - - - - - - CyclicVoltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - CV - CyclicVoltammetry - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Cyclic_voltammetry - Voltammetry in which the electric current is recorded as the electrode potential is varied with time cyclically between two potential limits, normally at a constant scan rate. Cyclic voltammetry is frequently used for the investigation of mechanisms of electrochemical/electrode reactions. The current-potential curve may be modelled to obtain reaction mechanisms and electrochemical parameters. Normally the initial potential is chosen where no electrode reaction occurs and the switching potential is greater (more positive for an oxidation or more negative for a reduction) than the peak potential of the analyte reaction. The initial potential is usually the negative or positive limit of the cycle but can have any value between the two limits, as can the initial scan direction. The limits of the potential are known as the switching potentials. The plot of current against potential is termed a cyclic voltammogram. Usually peak-shaped responses are obtained for scans in both directions. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_voltammetry - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - - - - - - Activity - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - Activity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Activity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317949 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-05 - 10-27 - Number dN of spontaneous nuclear transitions or nuclear disintegrations for a radionuclide of amount N produced during a short time interval dt, divided by this time interval. - https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/A00114 + + TemperaturePerPressureUnit + TemperaturePerPressureUnit - + - + - ElectricFieldStrength - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. - ElectricFieldStrength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricFieldStrength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20989 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-18 - 6-10 - Vector field quantity E which exerts on any charged particle at rest a force F equal to the product of E and the electric charge Q of the particle. + MagnetomotiveForce + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. + MagnetomotiveForce + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagnetomotiveForce + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266982 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-60 + 6-37.3 + Scalar line integral of the magnetic field strength along a closed path. - + + + + Python + Python + + + - - KineticEnergy - The energy of an object due to its motion. - KineticEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KineticEnergy - 4-28.2 - The energy of an object due to its motion. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.K03402 + + + + + + + + Vergence + In geometrical optics, vergence describes the curvature of optical wavefronts. + Vergence + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Curvature - - + + + + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + MeasurementParameter + Describes the main input parameters that are needed to acquire the signal. + + + + - T-2 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - EntropyPerMassUnit - EntropyPerMassUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit + MagneticDipoleMomentUnit - + - - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - IMC - IsothermalMicrocalorimetry - Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is a laboratory method for real-time monitoring and dynamic analysis of chemical, physical and biological processes. Over a period of hours or days, IMC determines the onset, rate, extent and energetics of such processes for specimens in small ampoules (e.g. 3–20 ml) at a constant set temperature (c. 15 °C–150 °C). IMC accomplishes this dynamic analysis by measuring and recording vs. elapsed time the net rate of heat flow (μJ/s = μW) to or from the specimen ampoule, and the cumulative amount of heat (J) consumed or produced. - - - - - - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - TightlyCoupledModelsSimulation - A simulation in which more than one model are solved together with a coupled method. - Solving within the same linear system the discretised form of the pressure and momentum equation for a fluid, using the ideal gas law as material relation for connecting pressure to density. + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography + + CriticalAndSupercriticalChromatography - - - - - - - - + + - - - 1 + + - - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. + + + MolarConductivity + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + MolarConductivity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MolarConductivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943278 + 9-45 + Conductivity per molar concentration of electrolyte. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03976 + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. - CalibrationProcess - Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. + + + + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + Shape3Vector + A real vector with 3 elements. + The quantity value of physical quantities if real space is a Shape3Vector. + --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM) - Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data. - In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data. - Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed. + + + + PowderCoating + PowderCoating - + - T-1 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerLengthTimeUnit - MassPerLengthTimeUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit + ReciprocalElectricChargeDensityUnit - - - - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron - MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron - GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 - 10-12.2 - Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + + + + + + + T-1 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + MassPerElectricChargeUnit + MassPerElectricChargeUnit - + + + TauAntiNeutrino + TauAntiNeutrino + + + + + + Molds + Molds + + + - - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - GasAdsorptionPorosimetry - Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + ConductometricTitration + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + ConductometricTitration + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11778221 + Titration in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured as a function of the amount of titrant added. The equivalence-point is obtained as the intersection of linear parts of the conductance G, versus titrant volume V, curve. The method can be used for deeply coloured or turbid solutions. Acid-base and precipitation reactions are most frequently used. The method is based on replacing an ionic species of the analyte with another species, cor- responding to the titrant or the product with significantly different conductance. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - Porosimetry - - Porosimetry + + Conductometry + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Conductometry + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901180 + Measurement principle in which the electric conductivity of a solution is measured. The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration and nature of ions present. + Monitoring of the purity of deionized water. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductometry + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - - - MassFractionOfDryMatter - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. - MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassFractionOfDryMatter - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76379189 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-64 - 5-32 - Quantity wd = 1 − wH2O, where wH2O is mass fraction of water. + + + LossFactor + Inverse of the quality factor. + LossFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LossFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79468728 + 6-54 + Inverse of the quality factor. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + RedQuark + RedQuark + + + + + + + IsothermalCompressibility + IsothermalCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsothermalCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990696 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-31 + 5-5.1 - + - - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. - LiquidAerosol - An aerosol composed of liquid droplets in air or another gas. + + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + LiquidGasSuspension + A coarse dispersion of gas in a liquid continuum phase. + Sparkling water - - - - IsochoricHeatCapacity - Heat capacity at constant volume. - HeatCapacityAtConstantVolume - IsochoricHeatCapacity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112187521 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-50 - 5-16.3 - Heat capacity at constant volume. + + + RedUpQuark + RedUpQuark - - - - ContinuousCasting - ContinuousCasting + + + + + + + T+4 L-4 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit + ReciprocalSquareEnergyUnit - + - T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - CapacitancePerLengthUnit - CapacitancePerLengthUnit + PerTimeMassUnit + PerTimeMassUnit - + - - - DeepDrawing - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added - Tiefziehen - DeepDrawing + + FlameCutting + FlameCutting - - - - FormingFromChip - FormingFromChip + + + + Weight + Force of gravity acting on a body. + Weight + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Weight + 4-9.2 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.W06668 - - - - + + + - - T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit - ElectricDipoleMomentUnit + + + + ExtentOfReaction + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + ExtentOfReaction + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExtentOfReaction + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899046 + 9-31 + Difference between equilibrium and initial amount of a substance, divided by its stoichiometric number. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02283 - - - - - MigrationArea - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - MigrationArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 - 10-72.3 - Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + + + RedDownQuark + RedDownQuark - - - - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a liquid continuum phase. + + + + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm + NanoMaterial + Nanomaterials are Materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm - + + + + SizeDefinedMaterial + SizeDefinedMaterial + + + - - - LevelWidth - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - LevelWidth - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/LevelWidth - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98082340 - 10-26 - In nuclear physics, quotient of the reduced Planck constant and the mean duration of life of an unstable particle or an excited state. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.L03507 + + + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 + 5-10.2 + Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - + - - + - - T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + + + + - - MassPerTimeUnit - MassPerTimeUnit + + + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + Using direct parthood EMMO creates a well-defined broadcasting between granularity levels. This also make it possible to count the direct parts of each granularity level. + NumberOfElements + Number of direct parts of a Reductionistic. + + + + + + + StandardAbsoluteActivity + Property of a solute in a solution. + StandardAbsoluteActivityInASolution + StandardAbsoluteActivity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89485936 + 9-26 + Property of a solute in a solution. + + + + + + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + The specification of a measurand requires knowledge of the kind of quantity, description of the state of the phenomenon, body, or substance carrying the quantity, including any relevant component, and the chemical entities involved. + +-- VIM + MeasuredProperty + A quantity that is the result of a well-defined measurement procedure. + + + + + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential + Coulometry at a preselected constant potential of the working electrode. Direct coulometry at controlled potential is usually carried out in convective mass trans- fer mode using a large surface working electrode. Reference and auxiliary electrodes are placed in separate compartments. The total electric charge is obtained by integration of the I–t curve or can be measured directly using a coulometer. + In principle, the end point at which I = 0, i.e. when the concentration of species under study becomes zero, can be reached only at infinite time. However, in practice, the electrolysis is stopped when the current has decayed to a few percent of the initial value and the charge passed at infinite time is calculated from a plot of charge Q(t) against time t. For a simple system under diffusion control Qt= Q∞[1 − exp(−DAt/Vδ)], where Q∞ = limt→∞Q(t) is the total charge passed at infinite time, D is the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species, A the electrode area, δ the diffusion layer thickness, and V the volume of the solution. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + + RamanSpectroscopy + + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + RamanSpectroscopy + Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. + +Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. + +Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. + + + + + + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). + DLS + DynamicLightScattering + Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon correlation spectroscopy - PCS or quasi-elastic light scattering - QELS). - + - - LaserCutting - LaserCutting + + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering + PermanentLiquidPhaseSintering - - - WNegativeBoson - WNegativeBoson + + + MetallicMaterial + MetallicMaterial - - - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - ClassicalData - Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + + + + Assemblying + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. + The act of connecting together the parts of something + Assemblying + The act of connecting together the parts of something + No loss or adds of parts by the components, nor merging. In assemblying parts are losing some of theirs movement degrees of freedom. - - - - + + + + Foaming + Foaming + + + + + - - T-2 L-2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + * - - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit - FrequencyPerAreaTimeUnit + + + Multiplication + Multiplication - + - T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AreaPerAmountUnit - AreaPerAmountUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit + LengthPerTemperatureUnit - + - T+1 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L+3 M+1 I-2 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - ElectricDisplacementFieldUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - ParticulateMatter - ParticulateMatter - - - - - - - LarmonFrequency - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - LarmonFrequency - 10-15.2 - Quotient of Larmor angular frequency and 2π. - - - - - - Electroplating - Electroplating - - - - - BlueUpQuark - BlueUpQuark - - - - - Person - Person - - - - - - - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. - AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AngularReciprocalLatticeVector - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475278 - 12-2.1 - Vector whose scalar products with all fundamental lattice vectors are integral multiples of 2pi. + ElectricResistivityUnit + ElectricResistivityUnit - - - - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - DataFiltering - Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + + + + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + ReactiveMaterial + A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. @@ -21897,1789 +21906,1761 @@ standards. ChemicallyDefinedMaterial - - - - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. - DirectCurrentInternalResistance - Method of determining the internal resistance of an electrochemical cell by applying a low current followed by higher current within a short period, and then record the changes of battery voltage and current. + + + + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. + MultiSimulation + A physics based simulation with multiple physics based models. - - - - - - - - - - - ParticleCurrentDensity - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. - ParticleCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ParticleCurrent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2400689 - 10-48 - Number of particles per time and area crossing a surface. + + + BlueTopQuark + BlueTopQuark - - - - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + + + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + PhysicsEquation + An 'equation' that stands for a 'physical_law' by mathematically defining the relations between physics_quantities. + The Newton's equation of motion. +The Schrödinger equation. +The Navier-Stokes equation. - - - - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - CharacterisationExperiment - A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueQuark + BlueQuark - - + + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I-1 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit - NewtonSquareMetrePerAmpereUnit + PowerUnit + PowerUnit + + + + + + ThermomechanicalTreatment + ThermomechanicalTreatment - - + + - T-1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SpeedUnit - SpeedUnit - - - - - ElementaryBoson - ElementaryBoson + SquarePressureTimeUnit + SquarePressureTimeUnit - + - - NonActivePower - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - NonActivePower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/NonActivePower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813060 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-43 - 6-61 - For a two-terminal element or a two-terminal circuit under periodic conditions, quantity equal to the square root of the difference of the squares of the apparent power S and the active power P. - - - - - - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. - C++ - CPlusPlus - A language object respecting the syntactic rules of C++. + + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. + GyromagneticCoefficientOfTheElectron + MagnetogyricRatioOfTheElectron + GyromagneticRatioOfTheElectron + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97543076 + 10-12.2 + Proportionality constant between the magnetic dipole moment and the angular momentum of the electron. - + - - OxidationNumber - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - OxidationState - OxidationNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484152 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=114-01-25 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Oxidation_state - Charge number that an atom within a molecule would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04363 - - - - - - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - Demontage - Dismantling - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. + AcousticQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-8. - + - - Signal - - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. - Signal - According to UPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, a “signal” is “A representation of a quantity within an analytical instrument” (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05661 ). - Result (effect) of the interaction between the sample and the probe, which usually is a measurable and quantifiable quantity. - Signal is usually emitted from a characteristic “emission” volume, which can be different from the sample/probe “interaction” volume and can be usually quantified using proper physics equations and/or modelling of the interaction mechanisms. + + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + FTIR + FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 + A technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier-transform_infrared_spectroscopy - + - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - ScalarMeson - A meson with spin zero and even parity. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar_meson + MesoscopicSubstance + MesoscopicSubstance - + + + + + OsmoticPressure + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + OsmoticPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/OsmoticPressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193135 + 9-28 + Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.O04344 + + + - T-4 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - AreaPerQuarticTimeUnit - - - - - - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 - 5-16.4 - Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - - - - - - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - PhysicalBasedSimulationSoftware - A computational application that uses a physical model to predict the behaviour of a system, providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - - - - - - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief - Rationale - A set of reasons or a logical basis for a decision or belief + CatalyticActivityUnit + CatalyticActivityUnit - + - - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. - UserCase - High level description of the user case. It can include the properties of the material, the conditions of the environment and possibly mentioning which are the industrial sectors of reference. + + Synchrotron + + Synchrotron - - - - - PoissonNumber - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. - PoissonsRatio - PoissonNumber - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190453 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-61 - 4-18 - Ratio of transverse strain to axial strain. + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricConductanceUnit + ElectricConductanceUnit - - + + + - - - - + + + + - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. - GasMixture - GasSolution - A gaseous solution made of more than one component type. + Program + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + Executable + Program + A set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. - - - - - TotalIonization - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. - TotalIonization - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/TotalIonization - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98690787 - 10-59 - Quotient of the total mean charge of all positive ions produced by an ionizing charged particle along its entire path and along the paths of any secondary charged particles, and the elementary charge. + + + + + + + T0 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountConcentrationUnit + AmountConcentrationUnit - - - - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - LiquidSolidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of solids in a liquid continuum phase. - Mud + + + + + + + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + + + ThermalResistivityUnit + ThermalResistivityUnit - + - - ApparentPower - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. - ApparentPower - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ApparentPower - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-41 - 6-57 - RMS value voltage multiplied by rms value of electric current. + + + + + + + + + MassFlow + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. + MassFlow + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3265048 + 4-30.1 + At a point in a fluid, the product of mass density and velocity. - + - - - - AngularMeasure - The abstract notion of angle. - AngularMeasure - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Angle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357788 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-04-14 - 3-5 - The abstract notion of angle. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00346 + + + Spin + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. + Spin + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Spin + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133673 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-05-09 + 10-10 + Vector quantity expressing the internal angular momentum of a particle or a particle system. - + - - - RadiantEnergy - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. - RadiantEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259526 - 10-45 - Mean energy, excluding rest energy, of the particles that are emitted, transferred, or received. + + + + + + + + + RichardsonConstant + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. + RichardsonConstant + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RichardsonConstant + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105883079 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-30 + 12-26 + Parameter in the expression for the thermionic emission current density J for a metal in terms of the thermodynamic temperature T and work function. - - - - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. - ReactiveMaterial - A material that takes active part in a chemical reaction. + + + + + + + T+1 L+1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + LengthTimeCurrentUnit + LengthTimeCurrentUnit - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+4 L-1 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassUnit - MassUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit + CapacitancePerLengthUnit - + + + + + + + T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + ElectricConductivityUnit + ElectricConductivityUnit + + + + + BlueDownAntiQuark + BlueDownAntiQuark + + + - - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - SupplyChain - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + + ShearForming + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + Schubumformen + ShearForming - - - - - - - - - - - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. - DirectionAndEnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralAngularCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98269571 - 10-41 - Partial differential quotient of the cross section of a process with respect to the solid angle around a given direction and the energy of a particle scattered in that direction. + + + + Cementing + Cementing - + - - - PhaseCoefficient - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - PhaseChangeCoefficient - PhaseCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PhaseCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32745742 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-20 - 3-26.2 - Change of phase angle with the length along the path travelled by a plane wave. - The imaginary part of the propagation coefficient. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant#Phase_constant + + ElectricCurrentPhasor + ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricCurrentPhasor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78514596 + 6-49 - - - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - Muon - The class of individuals that stand for muon elementary particles belonging to the second generation of leptons. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon + + + + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + SpecificationLanguage + A language used to describe what a computer system should do. + ACSL, VDM, LOTUS, MML, ... + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specification_language - - - - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. - DielectricAndImpedanceSpectroscopy - Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) or impedance spectroscopy, also known as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is frequently used to study the response of a sample subjected to an applied electric field of fixed or changing frequency. DS describes the dielectric properties of a material as a function of frequency. In DS, the radio and microwave frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been successfully made to interact with materials, so as to study the behavior of molecules. The interaction of applied alternating electric fields with dipoles possessing reorientation mobility in materials is also dealt by DS. + + + + ChipboardManufacturing + ChipboardManufacturing - - - - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. - GITT - GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120906986 - Electrochemical method that applies current pulses to an electrochemical cell at rest and measures the voltage response. + + + + + + + + + + PoyntingVector + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. + PoyntingVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PoyntingVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504186 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-66 + 6-34 + Electric field strength multiplied by magnetic field strength. - + - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - CausalInteraction - A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + BlueAntiQuark + BlueAntiQuark - - - - + + + - - T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - InverseSquareMassUnit - InverseSquareMassUnit + + + + + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SecondPolarMomentOfArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049636 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-30 + 4-21.2 - + + + + + SuperconductorEnergyGap + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SuperconductorEnergyGap + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106127898 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=815-10-28 + 12-37 + Width of the forbidden energy band in a superconductor. + + + + + + + IsentropicCompressibility + IsentropicCompressibility + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicCompressibility + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990695 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-32 + 5-5.2 + + + - + - - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - EnergyDistributionOfCrossSection - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpectralCrossSection - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98267245 - 10-40 - Differential quotient of the cross section for a process and the energy of the scattered particle. - + + CelsiusTemperature + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - - - - ChipboardManufacturing - ChipboardManufacturing - +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + CelsiusTemperature + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CelciusTemperature + 5-2 + An objective comparative measure of hot or cold. - - - MesoscopicSubstance - MesoscopicSubstance +Temperature is a relative quantity that can be used to express temperature differences. Unlike ThermodynamicTemperature, it cannot express absolute temperatures. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.T06261 - - + + - T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - SectionAreaIntegralUnit - - - - - - Porosity - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - Porosity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=801-31-32 - Ratio of void volume and total volume of a porous material. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04762 + AreaPerTimeUnit + AreaPerTimeUnit - - - - - - ∇ - - - - Gradient - Gradient + + + + + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. + PhysicsMathematicalComputation + A functional icon that imitates the behaviour of the object through mathematical evaluations of some mathematical construct. + The equation that describes the velocity of a uniform accelerated body v = v0 + a*t is a functional icon. In general every analitical solution of a mathematical model can be considered an icon. A functional icon expresses its similarity with the object when is part of a process the makes it imitate the behavior of the object. In the case of v = v0 + a*t, plotting the velocity over time or listing their values at certain instants is when the icon expresses it functionality. - + - GreenCharmAntiQuark - GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenTopQuark + GreenTopQuark - + - - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - AccessConditions - Describes what is needed to repeat the experiment - In case of national or international facilities such as synchrotrons describe the programme that enabled you to access these. Was the access to your characterisation tool an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? Was the access to your sample preparation an inhouse routine or required a 3rd party service? + + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + CharacterisedSample + The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - + - - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - AreicElectricCharge - SurfaceChargeDensity - SurfaceDensityOfElectricCharge - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12799324 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-08 - 6-4 - The derivative of the electric charge of a system with respect to the area. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S06159 + + + LeakageFactor + One minus the square of the coupling factor + LeakageFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78102042 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-42 + 6-42.2 + One minus the square of the coupling factor - - - - DoseEquivalentRate - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. - DoseEquivalentRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99604810 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-14-02 - 10-83.2 - Time derivative of the dose equivalent. + + + + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. + TEM + TransmissionElectronMicroscopy + Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section less than 100 nm thick or a suspension on a grid. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons with the sample as the beam is transmitted through the specimen. The image is then magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, a layer of photographic film, or a sensor such as a scintillator attached to a charge-coupled device. - - - - - - - T-2 L+3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit - NewtonianConstantOfGravityUnit + + + + Spacing + Spacing - - - - - - - - - - - - Semiotics - Semiotics + + + + MagneticQuantumNumber + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + MagneticQuantumNumber + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticQuantumNumber + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2009727 + 10-13.4 + Atomic quantum number related to the z component lz, jz or sz, of the orbital, total, or spin angular momentum. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AntiElectronType + AntiElectronType - - - - - Degenerency - Multiplicity - Degenerency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902301 - 9-36.2 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01556 + + + + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + PressureFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - + - - - - - T+3 L-3 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricConductivityUnit - ElectricConductivityUnit + + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + AreaFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two areas. + Unit for solid angle. - - - - - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Behaviour - A process which is an holistic temporal part of an object. - Accelerating is a behaviour of a car. + + + + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MaterialLaw + A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - - - GluonType7 - GluonType7 + + + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. + ClassicalData + Data that are expressed through classical physics mechanisms, having one value and one state, and being in the same place at the same time. - + - - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. - UltrasonicTesting - Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a family of non-destructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. In most common UT applications, very short ultrasonic pulse-waves with center frequencies ranging from 0.1-15 MHz, and occasionally up to 50 MHz, are transmitted into materials to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. A common example is ultrasonic thickness measurement, which tests the thickness of the test object, for example, to monitor pipework corrosion. Ultrasonic testing is often performed on steel and other metals and alloys, though it can also be used on concrete, wood and composites, albeit with less resolution. It is used in many industries including steel and aluminium construction, metallurgy, manufacturing, aerospace, automotive and other transportation sectors. + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty + + CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty - + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-2 N0 J0 + T-4 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - RichardsonConstantUnit - RichardsonConstantUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit + ElectricPotentialPerTimeUnit - + - - RamanSpectroscopy + + ScanningProbeMicroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - RamanSpectroscopy - Raman spectroscopy (/ˈrɑːmən/) (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed. Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in chemistry to provide a structural fingerprint by which molecules can be identified. - -Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy typically yields similar yet complementary information. - -Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation from the illuminated spot is collected with a lens and sent through a monochromator. Elastic scattered radiation at the wavelength corresponding to the laser line (Rayleigh scattering) is filtered out by either a notch filter, edge pass filter, or a band pass filter, while the rest of the collected light is dispersed onto a detector. - - - - - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. - TensorMeson - A meson with spin two. + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. + ScanningProbeMicroscopy + Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. - + - - - BraggAngle - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - BraggAngle - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 - 12-4 - Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. - - - - - - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). - Modeller - A estimator that uses modelling to declare a property of an object (i.e. infer a property from other properties). + + + SlowingDownLength + Square root of the slowing down area. + SlowingDownLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98996963 + 10-73.1 + Square root of the slowing down area. - - - RedUpAntiQuark - RedUpAntiQuark + + + + MicrowaveSintering + MicrowaveSintering - + - - RotationalFrequency - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - RotationalFrequency - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-01-42 - 3-17.2 - Magnitude of the angular velocity ω divided by the angle 2π, thus n = |ω|/2π. - - - - - - - InjectionMolding - InjectionMolding + + + + ActivityFactor + ActivityFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89335167 + 9-22 - + - T+7 L-3 M-2 I+3 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit - CubicElectricChargeLengthPerSquareEnergyUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit + MassSquareTimeUnit - + - - InspectionDevice - InspectionDevice + + Calendering + Calendering - + - + + - - + + T0 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - NuclearMagneton - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - NuclearMagneton - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166093 - 10-9.3 - Absolute value of the magnetic moment of a nucleus. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.N04236 + + QuarticLengthUnit + QuarticLengthUnit - + - - - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. - MolarHelmholtzEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88862986 - 9-6.3 - Helmholtz energy per amount of substance. + + + FermiEnergy + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + FermiEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FermiEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431335 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-06-18 + 12-27.1 + in a metal, highest occupied energy level at zero thermodynamic temperature, where energy level means the energy of an electron in the interior of a substance + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.F02340 - - - - - - - T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + + + WPositiveBoson + WPositiveBoson - + + + + ArithmeticEquation + ArithmeticEquation + 1 + 1 = 2 + + + - - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering - ElectricCurrentAssistedSintering + + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing + FiberReinforcePlasticManufacturing - + - + - DecayConstant - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - DisintegrationConstant - DecayConstant - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DecayConstant - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11477200 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-11 - 10-24 - Disintegrations per unit time dN/dt for an atomic nucleus divided by the number of nuclei N existing at the same time t. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01538 + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. + MolarAttenuationCoefficient + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98592828 + 10-51 + Quotient of linear attenuation coefficient µ and the amount c of the medium. - - - - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. - CharacterisationProtocol - A characterisation protocol is defined whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. + + + + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + ManufacturingDevice + A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - - - - SpecificGibbsEnergy - Gibbs energy per unit mass. - SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76360636 - 5-21.5 - Gibbs energy per unit mass. + + + + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. + DTA + DifferentialThermalAnalysis + Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is a thermoanalytic technique that is similar to differential scanning calorimetry. In DTA, the material under study and an inert reference are made to undergo identical thermal cycles, (i.e., same cooling or heating programme) while recording any temperature difference between sample and reference.[1] This differential temperature is then plotted against time, or against temperature (DTA curve, or thermogram). Changes in the sample, either exothermic or endothermic, can be detected relative to the inert reference. Thus, a DTA curve provides data on the transformations that have occurred, such as glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation. The area under a DTA peak is the enthalpy change and is not affected by the heat capacity of the sample. - - - - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. - Smoke - Smoke is a solid aerosol made of particles emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis. + + + + + ThermoelectricVoltage + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. + ThermoelectricVoltage + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105761637 + 12-20 + Voltage between substances a and b caused by the thermoelectric effect. - + - - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - LengthFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two lengths. - Unit for plane angle. - - - - - - JavaScript - JavaScript - - - - - T-2 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+5 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ForceUnit - ForceUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit + SectionAreaIntegralUnit - - + + + + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + 3D Atom Probe + APT + AtomProbeTomography + Atom Probe Tomography (APT or 3D Atom Probe) is the only material analysis technique offering extensive capabilities for both 3D imaging and chemical composition measurements at the atomic scale (around 0.1-0.3nm resolution in depth and 0.3-0.5nm laterally). Since its early developments, Atom Probe Tomography has contributed to major advances in materials science. The sample is prepared in the form of a very sharp tip. The cooled tip is biased at high DC voltage (3-15 kV). The very small radius of the tip and the High Voltage induce a very high electrostatic field (tens V/nm) at the tip surface, just below the point of atom evaporation. Under laser or HV pulsing, one or more atoms are evaporated from the surface, by field effect (near 100% ionization), and projected onto a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) with a very high detection efficiency. Ion efficiencies are as high as 80%, the highest analytical efficiency of any 3D microscopy. + + + + - T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T0 L0 M-2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentDensityPerTemperatureUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit + InverseSquareMassUnit - - - - - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. - HyperfineTransitionFrequencyOfCs - The frequency standard in the SI system in which the photon absorption by transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms are used to control the output frequency. - -It defines the base unit second in the SI system. + + + + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. + MembraneOsmometry + In the membrane osmometry technique, a pure solvent and polymer solution are separated by a semipermeable membrane, due to the higher chemical potential of the solvent in the pure solvent than in polymer solution, the solvent starts moving towards the polymer solution. - - - - + + + - - T+3 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit - ElectricCurrentPerUnitEnergyUnit + + + + Acceleration + Derivative of velocity with respect to time. + Acceleration + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Acceleration + 3-9.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00051 - - - - HardeningByForging - HardeningByForging + + + + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + Plasma + A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - + - - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - BET - BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 - A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory + + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent + Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - - - - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. - Product - CommercialProduct - An product that is ready for commercialisation. + + + + + MigrationArea + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. + MigrationArea + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MigrationArea + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98966325 + 10-72.3 + Sum of the slowing-down area from fission energy to thermal energy and the diffusion area for thermal neutrons. - - - - PaperManufacturing - PaperManufacturing + + + RedStrangeQuark + RedStrangeQuark - + + + + + + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + Guess + A guess is a theory, estimated and subjective, since its premises are subjective. + + + - - - - - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - - - LengthPerTemperatureUnit - LengthPerTemperatureUnit + + + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AverageLogarithmicEnergyDecrement.html + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940739 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-07-02 + 10-70 + Average value of the increment of the lethargy per collision. + + + + + GluonType6 + GluonType6 - - - - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process - CharacterisedSample - The sample after having been subjected to a characterization process + + + + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. + SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHelmholtzEnergy + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76359554 + 5-21.4 + Helmholtz energy per unit mass. - - - - CurrentLinkage - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. - CurrentLinkage - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/CurrentLinkage - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995703 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-46 - 6-37.4 - For a closed path, scalar quantity equal to the electric current through any surface bounded by the path. + + + CompositeMaterial + CompositeMaterial - - - - LinkedFlux - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. - LinkedFlux - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MagneticFlux - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-77 - 6-22.2 - Magnetic flux the integration area of which is such that magnetic field lines cross it in the same orientation more than once. + + + + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + VoltammetryAtARotatingDiskElectrode + Hydrodynamic voltammetry using a a rotating disc electrode, where the limiting current is described by the Levich equation + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - - + + - T-2 L-1 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - PressurePerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - Uncoded - A conventional that provides no possibility to infer the characteristics of the object to which it refers. - A random generated id for a product. + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit + TemperaturePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - ICI - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. - IntermittentCurrentInterruptionMethod - ICI - Electrochemical method that measures the voltage response of an electrochemical cell under galvanostatic conditions to short interruptions in the current. + + + + Irradiate + Irradiate - + - + - SectionModulus - SectionModulus - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SectionModulus - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930808 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-31 - 4-22 + ModulusOfRigidity + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + ShearModulus + ModulusOfRigidity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ShearModulus + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461466 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-68 + 4-19.2 + Ratio of shear stress to the shear strain. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.S05635 - - - - - - - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - - - AmountUnit - AmountUnit + + + CausallHairedSystem + CausallHairedSystem - - - BlueUpAntiQuark - BlueUpAntiQuark + + + + Presses + Presses - + - - XrdGrazingIncidence - - XrdGrazingIncidence + + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. + CharacterisationExperiment + A characterisation experiment is the process by which a material's structure and properties are probed and measured. It is a fundamental process in the field of materials science, without which no scientific understanding of engineering materials could be ascertained. - - - - DisplacementCurrentDensity - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. - DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DisplacementCurrentDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77614612 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-42 - 6-18 - Vector quantity equal to the time derivative of the electric flux density. + + + OrdinalQuantity + "Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only." +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + OrdinalQuantity + "Quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total ordering relation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind, but for which no algebraic operations among those quantities exist" +International vocabulary of metrology (VIM) + Hardness +Resilience + ordinal quantity - + + + + FormingBlasting + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + Umformstrahlen + FormingBlasting + + + + + + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + LinkedModelsSimulation + A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + + + + + + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + GasAdsorptionPorosimetry + Gas Adsorption Porosimetry is a method used for analyzing the surface area and porosity of materials. In this method, a gas, typically nitrogen or argon, is adsorbed onto the surface of the material at various pressures and temperatures. + + + + + + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + EmpiricalSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses an empiric equation to predict the behaviour of a system without relying on the knowledge of the actual physical phenomena occurring in the object. + + + - T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + T-1 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit + VolumePerAmountTimeUnit - - - - Cementing - Cementing + + + + Gathering + Gathering - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MathematicalSymbol - MathematicalSymbol + + + + + + + + ElectricChargeDensity + Electric charge per volume. + VolumeElectricCharge + ElectricChargeDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricChargeDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69425629 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-07 + 6-3 + Electric charge per volume. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.C00988 - + - T-2 L+3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-5 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ForceAreaUnit - ForceAreaUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit + EnergyDensityOfStatesUnit - - - - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. - Vapor - A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. + Calorimetry + In chemistry and thermodynamics, calorimetry (from Latin calor 'heat', and Greek μέτρον (metron) 'measure') is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. - + + + WNegativeBoson + WNegativeBoson + + + - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - ElectronicModel - A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of electrons. - Density functional theory. -Hartree-Fock. + + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. + DataBasedSimulationSoftware + A computational application that uses existing data to predict the behaviour of a system without providing a identifiable analogy with the original object. - + - + + - - + + T-3 L0 M+1 I0 Θ-4 N0 J0 - - - - ExposureRate - Time derivative of exposure. - ExposureRate - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ExposureRate - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99720212 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=395-01-42 - 10-89 - Time derivative of exposure. + + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit + MassPerCubicTimeQuarticTemperatureUnit - + - T0 L-3 M0 I+1 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-4 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - ElectricCurrentPerAmountVolumeUnit - - - - - BlueBottomAntiQuark - BlueBottomAntiQuark + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit + MassPerQuarticTimeUnit - + - - - DewPointTemperature - The corresponding Celsius temperature is denoted td and is also called dew point. - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - DewPointTemperature - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178828 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-67 - 5-36 - Thermodynamic temperature at which vapour in air reaches saturation. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.D01652 - - - - - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). - NonNumericalData - Data that are non-quantitatively interpreted (e.g., qualitative data, types). + + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + Physical constant in Newton's law of gravitation and in Einstein's general theory of relativity. + NewtonianConstantOfGravity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/NewtonianConstantOfGravitation + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.G02695 - - - - Letter - Letter + + + GreenCharmAntiQuark + GreenCharmAntiQuark - - + + - T-1 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - MomentumUnit - MomentumUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit + AreaPerAmountUnit - + - T+1 L0 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - ElectricChargeUnit - ElectricChargeUnit - - - - - - CeramicSintering - CeramicSintering + ElectricChargeAreaUnit + ElectricChargeAreaUnit - - - - - - = - - - - - Equals - The equals symbol. - Equals - The equals symbol. + + + + PotentialEnergy + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + PotentialEnergy + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy + 4-28.1 + The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 - - + + - T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T+1 L+1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit - AreaTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit + LengthTimePerMassUnit - - - - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - URL - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). + + + + + + + + + + + ThermalInsulance + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + CoefficientOfThermalInsulance + ThermalInsulance + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ThermalInsulance + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596212 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-41 + 5-11 + Reciprocal of the coefficient of heat transfer. + + + + + + SparkPlasmaSintering + SparkPlasmaSintering + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + PhysicallyInteracting + A causally bonded system is a system in which there are at least thwo causal paths that are interacting. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + StandaloneAtom + A standalone atom can be bonded with other atoms by intermolecular forces (i.e. dipole–dipole, London dispersion force, hydrogen bonding), since this bonds does not involve electron sharing. + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. + StandaloneAtom + An atom that does not share electrons with other atoms. - - - - HardeningByDrawing - HardeningByDrawing + + + + + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. + InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/InfiniteMultiplicationFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99440487 + 10-78.2 + In nuclear physics, the multiplication factor for an infinite medium. - + - - - - - T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PowerAreaUnit - PowerAreaUnit + + + RelativeMassDensity + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + RelativeDensity + RelativeMassDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11027905 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-03-08 + 4-4 + Mass density ρ of a substance divided by the mass density ρ0 of a reference substance, under conditions that should be specified for both substances. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.R05262 - + + + + + Rotation + Rotation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76435127 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=102-05-22 + 3-16 + + + - - SampledDCPolarography - - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to double layer charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detection is lowered. - TASTPolarography - SampledDCPolarography - DC polarography with current sampling at the end of each drop life mechanically enforced by a knocker at a preset drop time value. The current sampling and mechanical drop dislodge are synchronized. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. + Fractography + Fractography is the study of fracture surfaces in order to determine the relation between the microstructure and the mechanism(s) of crack initiation and propagation and, eventually, the root cause of the fracture. Fractography qualitatively interprets the mechanisms of fracture that occur in a sample by microscopic examination of fracture surface morpholog. - - - - HotDipGalvanizing - Hot-dipGalvanizing - HotDipGalvanizing + + + + + ParticleEmissionRate + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. + ParticleEmissionRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98153151 + 10-36 + Differential quotient of N with respect to time, where N is the number of particles being emitted from an infinitesimally small volume element in the time interval of duration dt, and dt. - + - CausalConvexSystem - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - CausalConvexSystem - It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. -In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). -So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body. - A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system. + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. + CausalInteraction + A causal interaction is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bupartite directed graph K(m,n), when m=n. - + - - + - - T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + - - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + + + + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) + VolumicElectromagneticEnergy + ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectromagneticEnergyDensity + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77989624 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-11-65 + 6-33 + Arithmetic average of (electric field strength multiplied by electric flux density) and (magnetic field strength multiplied by magnetic flux density) - + - T-1 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - EnergyTimePerAmountUnit - - - - - - - DiffusionLength - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - DiffusionLength - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 - 12-33 - In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - - - - - - - ElectricSusceptibility - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - ElectricSusceptibility - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectricSusceptibility - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598305 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-19 - 6-16 - Electric polarization divided by electric constant and electric field strength. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_susceptibility + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - - - - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. - DirectCoulometryAtControlledCurrent - Coulometry at an imposed, constant current in the electrochemical cell. Direct coulometry at controlled current is usually carried out in convective mass transfer mode. The end-point of the electrolysis, at which the current is stopped, must be determined either from the inflection point in the E–t curve or by using visual or objective end-point indi- cation, similar to volumetric methods. The total electric charge is calculated as the product of the constant current and time of electrolysis or can be measured directly using a coulometer. The advantage of this method is that the electric charge consumed during the electrode reaction is directly proportional to the electrolysis time. Care must be taken to avoid the potential region where another electrode reaction may occur. + + + + + + + + + + + ParticulateMatter + ParticulateMatter - + - T0 L+6 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+2 L-3 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - SexticLengthUnit - SexticLengthUnit - - - - - - MercuryPorosimetry - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. - MercuryPorosimetry - A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit + AmountSquareTimePerMassVolumeUnit - - - - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. - GammaSpectrometry - Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.[1] Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced. A detailed analysis of this spectrum is typically used to determine the identity and quantity of gamma emitters present in a gamma source, and is a vital tool in radiometric assay. The gamma spectrum is characteristic of the gamma-emitting nuclides contained in the source, just like in an optical spectrometer, the optical spectrum is characteristic of the material contained in a sample. + + + + FormingFromPulp + FormingFromPulp - + - - MolarGibbsEnergy - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - MolarGibbsEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88863324 - 9-6.4 - Gibbs energy per amount of substance. - - - - - - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - Is not simply a collection of machineries, since the connection between them is due to the parallel flow of processed parts that comes from a unique source and ends into a common repository. - MachineCell - A group of machineries used to process a group of similar parts. - - - - - - FORTRAN - FORTRAN + + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 + 9-36.1 - + - - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. - FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry - The general principle of freezing point depression osmometry involves the relationship between the number of moles of dissolved solute in a solution and the change in freezing point. + + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + NPV + NormalPulseVoltammetry + Voltammetry in which potential pulses of amplitude increasing by a constant increment and with a pulse width of 2 to 200 ms are superimposed on a constant initial potential. Normal pulse polarography is NPV in which a dropping mercury electrode is used as the working electrode. A pulse is applied just before the mechanically enforced end of the drop. The pulse width is usually 10 to 20 % of the drop time. The drop dislodgment is synchro- nized with current sampling, which is carried out just before the end of the pulse, as in NPV. Sigmoidal wave-shaped voltammograms are obtained. The current is sampled at the end of the pulse and then plotted versus the potential of the pulse. The current is sampled just before the end of the pulse, when the charging current is greatly diminished. In this way, the ratio of faradaic current to charging current is enhanced and the negative influence of charging current is partially eliminated. Due to the improved signal (faradaic current) to noise (charging current) ratio, the limit of detec- tion is lowered. The sensitivity of NPV is not affected by the reversibility of the electrode reaction of the analyte. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + - T+2 L-1 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - MagneticReluctivityUnit - MagneticReluctivityUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit + LengthTemperatureUnit - - - - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. - Fork - A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + Assigned + Assigned - + + + GreenUpAntiQuark + GreenUpAntiQuark + + + - - - - - T-1 L-1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - PerLengthTimeUnit - PerLengthTimeUnit + + + VacuumElectricPermittivity + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. + The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. + PermittivityOfVacuum + VacuumElectricPermittivity + http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum + 6-14.1 + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 - + - T0 L0 M0 I+1 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T+2 L0 M-1 I+1 Θ+1 N0 J0 - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - ElectricCurrentPerTemperatureUnit - - - - - - CharacterisationComponent - - CharacterisationComponent + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit + TemperaturePerMagneticFluxDensityUnit - - - - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - SubjectiveProperty - A quantity whos value that cannot be univocally determined and depends on an agent (e.g. a human individual, a community). - The measure of beauty on a scale from 1 to 10. + + + + + MeanLinearRange + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + MeanLinearRange + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MeanLinearRange + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98681589 + 10-56 + Mean total rectified path length travelled by a particle in the course of slowing down to rest in a given material averaged over a group of particles having the same initial energy. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M03782 - - - - - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - MicrocanonicalPartitionFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MicroCanonicalPartitionFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96106546 - 9-35.1 + + + GluonType4 + GluonType4 - - - - IsothermalConversion - IsothermalConversion + + + + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. + Milling + Milling is a machining process that involves the use of a milling machine to remove material from a workpiece. Milling machines feature cutting blades that rotate while they press against the workpiece. - + - T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+3 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - AreaPerTimeUnit - AreaPerTimeUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit + VolumePerTemperatureUnit - - - - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. - PressureFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two pressures. + + + + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. + LightAndRadiationQuantity + Quantities categorised according to ISO 80000-7. - + + + + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + MercuryPorosimetry + A method used to measure the pore size distribution and total pore volume of solid materials by infiltrating mercury into the pores under controlled pressure conditions and analyzing the amount of mercury intrusion. + + + - - - SlowingDownArea - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. - SlowingDownArea - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownArea - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98950918 - 10-72.1 - In an infinite homogenous medium, one-sixth of the mean square of the distance between the neutron source and the point where a neutron reaches a given energy. + + + NeelTemperature + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. + NeelTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830311 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=121-12-52 + 12-35.2 + Critical thermodynamic temperature of an antiferromagnet. - + - - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. - MaterialLaw - A law that provides a connection between a material property and other properties of the object. + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. + MesoscopicModel + A physics-based model based on a physics equation describing the behaviour of mesoscopic entities, i.e. a set of bounded atoms like a molecule, bead or nanoparticle. - + + + + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + This must be a mathematical function v(t), x(t). +A dataset as solution is a conventional sign. + PhysicsEquationSolution + A function solution of a physics equation that provides a methods for the prediction of some quantitiative properties of an object. + A parabolic function is a prediction of the trajectory of a falling object in a gravitational field. While it has predictive capabilities it lacks of an analogical character, since it does not show the law behind that trajectory. + + + + + BlueBottomQuark + BlueBottomQuark + + + - T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-3 L0 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - TimePerVolumeUnit - TimePerVolumeUnit - - - - - - - - * - - - - Multiplication - Multiplication + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit + ElectricPotentialPerAreaUnit - - - - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - Dielectrometry - Electrochemical measurement principle based on the measurement of the dielectric constant of a sample resulting from the orientation of particles (molecules or ions) that have a dipole moment in an electric field. Dielectrometric titrations use dielectrometry for the end-point detection. The method is used to monitor the purity of dielectrics, for example to detect small amounts of moisture. - https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + + + + + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. + SolidSolution + A solid solution made of two or more component substances. - + - - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. - MeasurementTime - The overall time needed to acquire the measurement data. + + ScanningKelvinProbe + + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. + SKB + ScanningKelvinProbe + Scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) are probe techniques which permit mapping of topography and Volta potential distribution on electrode surfaces. It measures the surface electrical potential of a sample without requiring an actual physical contact. - - - - PhaseVelocity - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - PhaseSpeed - PhaseVelocity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13824 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-10-13 - https://dbpedia.org/page/Phase_velocity - 3-23.1 - For a sinusoidal wave at a given point, velocity in the direction of propagation of the wavefront corresponding to a specified phase. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_velocity + + + PolymericMaterial + PolymericMaterial - - + + - - - - - - + + Δ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Coded - A conventional referring to an object according to a specific code that reflects the results of a specific interaction mechanism and is shared between other interpreters. -A coded is always a partial representation of an object since it reflects the object capability to be part of a specific determination. -A coded is a sort of name or label that we put upon objects that interact with an determiner in the same specific way. + + Laplacian + Laplacian + -For example, "hot" objects are objects that interact with an observer through a perception mechanism aimed to perceive an heat source. The code is made of terms such as "hot", "warm", "cold", that commonly refer to the perception of heat. - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - Let's define the class Colour as the subclass of the coded signs that involve photon emission and electromagnetic radiation sensible observers. -An individual C of this class Colour can be defined be declaring the process individual (e.g. daylight illumination) and the observer (e.g. my eyes) -Stating that an entity E hasCoded C, we mean that it can be observed by such setup of process + observer (i.e. observed by my eyes under daylight). -This definition can be specialised for human eye perception, so that the observer can be a generic human, or to camera perception so that the observer can be a device. -This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of measurement done, including the instrument type. - Coded - A conventional that stands for an object according to a code of interpretation to which the interpreter refers. - A biography that makes use of a code that is provided by the meaning of the element of the language used by the author. - The name "red" that stands for the color of an object. + + + + DifferentialOperator + DifferentialOperator - - - GreenTopAntiQuark - GreenTopAntiQuark + + + + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. + AES + ScanningAugerElectronMicroscopy + Auger electron spectroscopy (AES or simply Auger) is a surface analysis technique that uses an electron beam to excite electrons on atoms in the particle. Atoms that are excited by the electron beam can emit “Auger” electrons. AES measures the kinetic energies of the emitted electrons. The energy of the emitted electrons is characteristic of elements present at the surface and near the surface of a sample. - - - - - - - - - - - - RelativePressureCoefficient - RelativePressureCoefficient - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativePressureCoefficient - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74761852 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-30 - 5-3.3 + + + + PlasmaCutting + PlasmaCutting - + - T0 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-2 L+4 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - MassPerAmountUnit - MassPerAmountUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit + MassStoppingPowerUnit - - - - - - - - - - - MassieuFunction - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. - MassieuFunction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/MassieuFunction - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077625 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-26 - 5-22 - Negative quotient of Helmholtz energy and temperature. + + + + Ruby + Ruby - - - - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. - SolidLiquidSuspension - A coarse dispersion of liquid in a solid continuum phase. + + + + + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. + MeanFreePathOfElectrons + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElectronMeanFreePath + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105672307 + 12-15.2 + Average distance that electrons travel between two successive interactions. @@ -23695,289 +23676,456 @@ This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of mea MassPerQuarticLengthTimeUnit - + + + GreenStrangeQuark + GreenStrangeQuark + + + - - - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - StatisticalWeightOfSubsystem - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96207431 - 9-36.1 + + + ElementaryCharge + The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Elementary_charge) is outdated as May 20, 2019. It is now an exact quantity. + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + ElementaryCharge + http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ElementaryCharge + 10-5.1 + The magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron. It defines the base unit Ampere in the SI system. + https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E02032 + + + + + + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + Grinding + Grinding is a machining process that involves the use of a disc-shaped grinding wheel to remove material from a workpiece. There are several types of grinding wheels, some of which include grindstones, angle grinders, die grinders and specialized grinding machines. + + + + + + CeramicSintering + CeramicSintering + + + + + + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + Real part of the impedance. + ResistanceToAlternativeCurrent + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048490 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-45 + 6-51.2 + Real part of the impedance. + + + + + + + HardwareManufacturer + + HardwareManufacturer + + + + + GreenDownAntiQuark + GreenDownAntiQuark + + + + + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + Observer + A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition. + + + + + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + VectorMeson + A meson with total spin 1 and odd parit. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_meson + + + + + + + BraggAngle + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + BraggAngle + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/BraggAngle + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105488118 + 12-4 + Angle between the scattered ray and the lattice plane. + + + + + + + + + + + + GaugePressure + GaugePressure + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109594211 + 4-14.2 - + - - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). - QuantumDecay - A quantum decay is a fundamental causal system that is expressed as a complete bipartite directed graph K(1,n). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ElectronType + ElectronType - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 2 - - - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - Proton - A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton + + + + ContinuousCasting + ContinuousCasting - - - - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. - Plasma - A fluid in which a gas is ionized to a level where its electrical conductivity allows long-range electric and magnetic fields to dominate its behaviour. + + + + + AtomicScatteringFactor + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + AtomicScatteringFactor + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/AtomScatteringFactor + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837866 + 12-5.3 + Quotient of radiation amplitude scattered by the atom and radiation amplitude scattered by a single electron. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_form_factor - - - - - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. - SolidSol - A type of sol in the form of one solid dispersed in another continuous solid. + + + + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting + PorcelainOrCeramicCasting - - - - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - SpeedFractionUnit - Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two speeds. - Unit for refractive index. + + + + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. + DataFiltering + Data filtering is the process of examining a dataset to exclude, rearrange, or apportion data according to certain criteria. - - - - - - - T+1 L+2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - ElectricChargeAreaUnit - ElectricChargeAreaUnit + + + + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. + ConfocalMicroscopy + Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation. - - - - Numeral - Numeral + + + + 3DPrinting + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + 3DPrinting + Fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology. + This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. - - - GreenDownAntiQuark - GreenDownAntiQuark + + + + DieCasting + DieCasting - - - - - VacuumElectricPermittivity - The DBpedia definition (http://dbpedia.org/page/Vacuum_permittivity) is outdated since May 20, 2019. It is now a measured constant. - The value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. - PermittivityOfVacuum - VacuumElectricPermittivity - http://qudt.org/vocab/constant/PermittivityOfVacuum - 6-14.1 - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04508 + + + RedTopAntiQuark + RedTopAntiQuark - - - - ModulusOfImpedance - ModulusOfImpedance - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ModulusOfImpedance - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25457909 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-12-44 - 6-51.4 + + + + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. + DataAnalysis + Data processing activities performed on the secondary data to determine the characterisation property (e.g. classification, quantification), which can be performed manually or exploiting a model. - - - - FiberboardManufacturing - FiberboardManufacturing + + + + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. + SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturatedVaporPressure + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SpecificHeatCapacityAtSaturation + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775005 + 5-16.4 + Specific heat capacity at saturated vaport pressure. - - - MetallicMaterial - MetallicMaterial + + + BlueUpAntiQuark + BlueUpAntiQuark - + - T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+4 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - ThermalResistivityUnit - ThermalResistivityUnit + PowerAreaUnit + PowerAreaUnit - - - - - - - T+1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - MechanicalMobilityUnit - MechanicalMobilityUnit + + + + + DiffusionLength + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. + DiffusionLength + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SolidStateDiffusionLength + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106097176 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=521-02-60 + 12-33 + In condensed matter physics, the square root of the product of diffusion coefficient and lifetime. - + - - - - - - - - - - 1 - + + + + + + + + - + + ArithmeticExpression + ArithmeticExpression + 2+2 + + + + + - - + + T-1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - Real - A real number. - Real - A real number. + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit + AmountPerVolumeTimeUnit - + + + + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + AmountFractionUnit + Unit for quantities of dimension one that are the fraction of two amount of substance. + Unit for amount fraction. + + + - T0 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LuminousIntensityUnit - LuminousIntensityUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit + AreaTemperatureUnit - - - - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. - LinkedModelsSimulation - A chain of linked physics based model simulations, where equations are solved sequentially. + + + + + Extrusion + Extrusion - + + + + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + HybridPulsePowerCharacterisation + HybridPulsePowerCharacterization + HPPC + Electrochemical method that measures the voltage drop of a cell resulting from a square wave current load. + + + - + - - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - ChemicalAffinity - AffinityOfAChemicalReaction - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ChemicalAffinity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382783 - 9-30 - Describes elements' or compounds' readiness to form bonds. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00178 + + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. + FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/FundamentalReciprocalLatticeVector + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105475399 + 12-2.2 + Fundamental translation vectors for the reciprocal lattice. - - - - - RelativeMassDefect - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. - RelativeMassDefect - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/RelativeMassDefect - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98038718 - 10-22.2 - Quotient of mass defect and the unified atomic mass constant. + + + + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry + Electrogravimetry using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change of mass is, for rigid deposits, linearly proportional to the change of the reso- nance frequency of the quartz crystal, according to the Sauerbrey equation. For non- rigid deposits, corrections must be made. + https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - + + + + LowPressureCasting + LowPressureCasting + + + - - - Attenuation - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - Extinction - Attenuation - 3-26.1 - Decrease in magnitude of any kind of flux through a medium. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.A00515 + + + + + T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + AngularFrequencyUnit + AngularFrequencyUnit - + + + + + + + T+3 L-1 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit + + + - + - SolidMixture - SolidMixture + GasMixture + GasMixture - + + + + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + ConcreteOrPlasterPouring + + + + + + + DebyeTemperature + DebyeTemperature + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeTemperature + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517821 + 12-11 + + + + + + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + IMS + IonMobilitySpectrometry + Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) It is a method of conducting analytical research that separates and identifies ionized molecules present in the gas phase based on the mobility of the molecules in a carrier buffer gas. Even though it is used extensively for military or security objectives, such as detecting drugs and explosives, the technology also has many applications in laboratory analysis, including studying small and big biomolecules. IMS instruments are extremely sensitive stand-alone devices, but are often coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography in order to achieve a multi-dimensional separation. They come in various sizes, ranging from a few millimeters to several meters depending on the specific application, and are capable of operating under a broad range of conditions. IMS instruments such as microscale high-field asymmetric-waveform ion mobility spectrometry can be palm-portable for use in a range of applications including volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring, biological sample analysis, medical diagnosis and food quality monitoring. + + + + + + ElectroSinterForging + ElectroSinterForging + + + - T-6 L-2 M+2 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T+1 L-1 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit - SquarePressurePerSquareTimeUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit + ElectricChargePerLengthUnit @@ -23998,670 +24146,529 @@ This can be used in material characterization, to define exactly the type of mea https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.M04007 - + - - - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. - SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/SurfaceCoefficientOfHeatTransfer - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74770365 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-40 - 5-10.2 - Coefficient of heat transfer when heat exchange takes place between a body at thermodynamic temperature Ts and its surroundings that are at a reference temperature Tr. + + + + + + + + + KermaRate + Time derivative of kerma. + KermaRate + https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/KermaRate + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99713105 + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=881-12-28 + 10-86.2 + Time derivative of kerma. + + + + + + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + Fork + A tessellation in wich a tile has next two or more non spatially connected tiles. + + + + + + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + Vapor + A liquid aerosol composed of water droplets in air or another gas. + + + + + + DampingCoefficient + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + DampingCoefficient + https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=103-05-24 + 3-24 + Inverse of the time constant of an exponentially varying quantity. + + + + + + + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. + EmbarassinglyParallelWorkflow + PureParallelWorkflow + A workflow that is the concurrent evolution of two or more tasks, not communicacting between themselves. - + - - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - Cryogenic treatment, Deep-freeze - Tieftemperaturbehandeln - DeepFreezing - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + Flanging + Flanging - - - - Assigned - Assigned + + + + InterferenceFitting + InterferenceFitting - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - + + + + + + - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + MathematicalSymbol + MathematicalSymbol - - - - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - MarkupLanguage - A grammar for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. - HTML - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_language + + + + + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + NumberOfTurnsInAWinding + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77995997 + 6-38 - + + + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + DifferentialRefractiveIndex + + + - T+4 L-2 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - CapacitanceUnit - CapacitanceUnit + MassPerTimeUnit + MassPerTimeUnit - - - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - DerivedQuantity - "Quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of the base quantities of that system". - derived quantity + + + + JavaScript + JavaScript - - - - DippingForms - DippingForms + + + + + GrueneisenParamter + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. + GrueneisenParamter + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444656 + 12-14 + Describes the effect that changing the volume of a crystal lattice has on its vibrational properties, and, as a consequence, the effect that changing temperature has on the size or dynamics of the lattice. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SecondGenerationFermion - SecondGenerationFermion + + + + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + BET + BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838 + A technique used to measure the specific surface area of porous materials by analyzing the adsorption of gas molecules onto the material's surface + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_theory - - - RedStrangeQuark - RedStrangeQuark + + + + + + ∇ + + + + Gradient + Gradient - - - - Magnetizing - Magnetizing + + + + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. + Dust + A suspension of fine particles in the atmosphere. - + - - IsentropicExponent - For an ideal gas, isentropic exponent is equal to ratio of the specific heat capacities. - IsentropicExponent - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/IsentropicExponent - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75775739 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=113-04-52 - 5-17.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiNeutrinoType - AntiNeutrinoType + + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + RelativeMassFractionOfVapour + 5-35 - - - - Milling - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. - Fräsen - Milling + + + + + + + T+1 L-3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + TimePerVolumeUnit + TimePerVolumeUnit - + - T-2 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-2 L+2 M+1 I-1 Θ0 N0 J0 - AngularFrequencyUnit - AngularFrequencyUnit + MagneticFluxUnit + MagneticFluxUnit - - - - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. - Exafs - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by directing X-rays of a narrow energy range at a sample, while recording the incident and transmitted x-ray intensity, as the incident x-ray energy is incremented. When the incident x-ray energy matches the binding energy of an electron of an atom within the sample, the number of x-rays absorbed by the sample increases dramatically, causing a drop in the transmitted x-ray intensity. This results in an absorption edge. Every element has a set of unique absorption edges corresponding to different binding energies of its electrons, giving XAS element selectivity. XAS spectra are most often collected at synchrotrons because of the high intensity of synchrotron X-ray sources allow the concentration of the absorbing element to reach as low as a few parts per million. Absorption would be undetectable if the source is too weak. Because X-rays are highly penetrating, XAS samples can be gases, solids or liquids. + + + + + ElectronRadius + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + ElectronRadius + https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2152581 + 10-19.2 + Radius of a sphere such that the relativistic electron energy is distributed uniformly. + + + + + + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + Defines the Candela base unit in the SI system. + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. + LuminousEfficacyOf540THzRadiation + The luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, K cd , is a technical constant that gives an exact numerical relationship between the purely physical characteristics of the radiant power stimulating the human eye (W) and its photobiological response defined by the luminous flux due to the spectral responsivity of a standard observer (lm) at a frequency of 540 × 10 12 hertz. - - - - - - - - - - - GasMixture - GasMixture + + + RedCharmAntiQuark + RedCharmAntiQuark - + - T+4 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N0 J0 + T-1 L0 M-1 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit - SquareCurrentQuarticTimePerMassUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit + AmountPerMassTimeUnit - + + + + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy + The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that allows for the option of collecting electron micrographs of specimens that are wet, uncoated, or both by allowing for a gaseous environment in the specimen chamber. + + + - + + - - + + T+1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - - SlowingDownDensity - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - SlowingDownDensity - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Slowing-DownDensity - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98915830 - 10-67 - Number of slowed-down particles per time and volume. - - - - - BlueDownQuark - BlueDownQuark - - - - - - ElectrolyticDeposition - ElectrolyticDeposition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AntiQuark - AntiQuark - - - - - CausallHairedSystem - CausallHairedSystem + + AreaTimeUnit + AreaTimeUnit - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - StrangeAntiQuark - StrangeAntiQuark - - - - - - MaterialRelationComputation - MaterialRelationComputation - - - - - - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - RapidPrototyping - Application of additive manufacturing intended for reducing the time needed for producing prototypes. - - - - - - - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - LiquidFoam - A foam of trapped gas in a liquid. - - - - - - Strain - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. - Strain - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/Strain - 4-17.1 - Change of the relative positions of parts of a body, excluding a displacement of the body as a whole. + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + ElectronNeutrino + A neutrino belonging to the first generation of leptons. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino - + - - PotentialEnergy - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - PotentialEnergy - http://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/PotentialEnergy - 4-28.1 - The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or orientation in a potential field. - https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.P04778 + + + + + T+2 L+1 M-2 I0 Θ0 N+1 J0 + + + AmountPerMassPressureUnit + AmountPerMassPressureUnit - + - T-3 L+1 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L+2 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - MassLengthPerCubicTimeUnit - - - - - - Java - Java - - - - - BlueBottomQuark - BlueBottomQuark + AreaPerTemperatureUnit + AreaPerTemperatureUnit - + - - Filling - Filling + + IsothermalConversion + IsothermalConversion - - - - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. - ManufacturingDevice - A device that is designed to participate to a manufacturing process. + + + + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + PrimaryData + Data resulting of a pre-processing of raw data, applying corrections to normalize/harmonize, in order to prepare them for the post-processing. + Baseline subtraction, noise reduction , X and Y axes correction. - - - - - ActiveEnergy - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. - ActiveEnergy - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/ActiveEnergy - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79813678 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=601-01-19 - https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=131-11-57 - 6-62 - The integral over a time interval of the instantaneous power. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + SimulationLanguage + A computer language used to describe simulations. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_language - + - - - DebyeAngularFrequency - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - DebyeAngularFrequency - https://qudt.org/vocab/quantitykind/DebyeAngularFrequency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580986 - 12-10 - Cut-off angular frequency in the Debye model of the vibrational spectrum of a solid. - - - - - + - - - - - - + + + T+2 L-2 M-1 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0 + - Structural - Structural + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit + ElectricCurrentPerEnergyUnit - - + + - T+1 L+1 M0 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit - LengthTimeTemperatureUnit + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - - - AntiTau - AntiTau + + + + + + + T+3 L-2 M-1 I0 Θ0 N0 J+1 + + + LuminousEfficacyUnit + LuminousEfficacyUnit - + - T0 L-1 M0 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 + T-3 L+2 M+1 I0 Θ-1 N0 J0 - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - PerLengthTemperatureUnit - - - - - - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. - https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/lmcc/facilities/dilatometry/#:~:text=Dilatometry%20is%20a%20method%20for,to%20mimic%20an%20industrial%20process. - Dilatometry - Dilatometry is a method for characterising the dimensional changes of materials with variation of temperature conditions. + ThermalConductanceUnit + ThermalConductanceUnit - + - - - MaximumEfficiency - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - CarnotEfficiency - MaximumEfficiency - https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93949862 - 5-25.2 - Efficiency of an ideal heat engine operating according to the Carnot process. - - - - - GluonType8 - GluonType8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ElectronType - ElectronType + + + + + T+3 L0 M-1 I+2 Θ0 N-1 J0 + + + AmountConductivityUnit + AmountConductivityUnit - + - - LiquidPhaseSintering - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - LiquidPhaseSintering + + + InjectionMolding + InjectionMolding - - - - SampleInspectionInstrument - - SampleInspectionInstrument + + + + CentrifugalCasting + CentrifugalCasting - - - - PlasmaCutting - PlasmaCutting + + + MultiParticlePath + MultiParticlePath - + - T0 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 + T-1 L+2 M0 I0 Θ0 N-1 J0 - LengthPerAmountUnit - LengthPerAmountUnit - - - - - - MetallicPowderSintering - MetallicPowderSintering - - - - - GreenTopQuark - GreenTopQuark + DiffusivityUnit + DiffusivityUnit - - - + + + + - - Δ + + T-3 L-3 M+1 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 - - - Laplacian - Laplacian + + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit + PowerPerAreaVolumeUnit - + - - SandMolds - SandMolds - - - - - - Polynomial - Polynomial - 2 * x^2 + x + 3 - - - - - GluonType6 - GluonType6 + + Magnetizing + Magnetizing - + - - Presses - Presses + + BlowMolding + BlowMolding - - + + - T-3 L+1 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + T0 L-2 M+1 I0 Θ+1 N0 J0 - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit - LengthPerCubeTimeUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit + TemperatureMassPerAreaUnit - + - - InterferenceFitting - InterferenceFitting + + DippingForms + DippingForms - - - - Flanging - Flanging + + + + + + + T-2 L+3 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0 + + + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit + VolumePerSquareTimeUnit - - - - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. - AtomicForceMicroscopy - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an influential surface analysis technique used for micro/nanostructured coatings. This flexible technique can be used to obtain high-resolution nanoscale images and study local sites in air (conventional AFM) or liquid (electrochemical AFM) surroundings. + + + + MaterialRelationComputation + MaterialRelationComputation - + - - Foaming - Foaming - - - - - - - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. - PreparedSample - The sample after a preparation process. + + TransferMolding + TransferMolding @@ -24721,66 +24728,34 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two Indicate a resource that might provide additional information about the subject resource. - - - - - - - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - hasItemPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to items. - - - + - - - hasProperPart - The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. - hasProperPart - The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + + isTemporallyBefore + isTemporallyBefore - + + - - - - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - hasScatteredPart - A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + + + + + hasSpatioTemporalTile + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + hasWellFormedTile + hasSpatioTemporalTile + A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. + This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - - - - - - - - - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - hasPortionPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - + - - - - - - - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - hasGatheredPart - A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. - + @@ -24795,54 +24770,17 @@ liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is only spatially connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - - - - - - - - - - - - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - isBefore - hasNext - A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. -This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. - A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). - Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. - This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. - - - - - - - - isTemporallyBefore - isTemporallyBefore - - - + - - - - hasSpatioTemporalTile - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - hasWellFormedTile - hasSpatioTemporalTile - A tile that is connected with other tiles with bi-directional causal relations that fall under hasNext (or its inverse) or hasContact. - This owl:ObjectProperty is, like its super property, a mere collector of direct parthoods that manifest a spatiotemporal meaningful shape. + + + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + hasTemporalDirectPart + hasTemporalTile + A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. @@ -24867,61 +24805,65 @@ The direct parts (tiles) and the tessellated entity (tessellation) are causally This relation is not antitransitive, to enable partitioning of a causal structure with more than one tiling scheme (e.g. time and space partitioning). - - + - - - - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. - hasTemporalDirectPart - hasTemporalTile - A relation that establishes for the whole a univocal tessellation in temporal parts forming the tessellation. + + + + + + + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. + hasPortionPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to items. - - - + - - - - - hasMetrologicalReference - Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process. - In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. - -The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) - - Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) - -was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to - - Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension - -Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. - - Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension - -was changed to - - Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + + + + + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + hasItemPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to items. + -The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. - hasMetrologicalReference + + + + + + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. + hasScatteredPart + A proper part relation with range restricted to collections. - + - - - - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. - hasJunctionTile - A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + + hasProperPart + The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + hasProperPart + The relation between an entity and one of its parts, when both entities are distinct. + + + + + + + + + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. + hasGatheredPart + A proper part relation with domain restricted to collections. @@ -24938,6 +24880,18 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens A causal relation between the y effected and the x causing entities with intermediaries, where x isCauseOf y and not(y isCauseOf x). + + + + + + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + hasTemporalLast + hasEndTile + The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. + + @@ -24951,6 +24905,8 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens The inverse relation for hasProperPart. + + @@ -24964,6 +24920,38 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens hasNumericalPart + + + + + + + + + hasMetrologicalReference + Relates a quantity to its metrological reference through a semiotic process. + In EMMO version 1.0.0-beta7, physical quantities used the hasMetrologicalReference object property to relate them to their units via physical dimensionality. This was simplified in 1.0.0-alpha3 in order to make reasoning faster. + +The restriction (e.g. for the physical quantity Length) + + Length hasMetrologicalReference only (hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension) + +was in 1.0.0-alpha3 changed to + + Length hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +Likewise were the universal restrictions on the corresponding unit changed to excistential. E.g. + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension only LengthDimension + +was changed to + + Metre hasPhysicsDimension some LengthDimension + +The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimension. + hasMetrologicalReference + + @@ -24976,7 +24964,38 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only outgoing temporal connections. - + + + + + + + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + hasJunctionTile + A relation between the whole and one of its tiles, where the tile is both spatially and temporally connected with the other tiles forming the tessellation. + + + + + + + + + + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + isBefore + hasNext + A temporal relation between two entities occurs when the two entities are in a one directional causality relation. The idea is that a temporal relation always implies a one-directional causality between two entities, leading to a asymmetric relation. +This means that the causing entity can be in direct and optionally indirect causality relation with the effect entity. On the contrary, the effect entity cannot be in any causal relation (direct or indirect) with the causing entity. + A time contact occurs when x isDirectCause y and not(y isCauseOf x). + Each pair of entities in direct causality relation is either in hasNext or hasTwoWayCauseWith relation. The two are mutually exclusive. + This relation is asymmetric and irreflexive. + @@ -24990,20 +25009,8 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens The relation between a collection and one of its item members. - - - - - - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - hasTemporalLast - hasEndTile - The relation between the whole and a temporal tile that has only ingoing temporal connections. - - - 1 + 1 @@ -25015,7 +25022,7 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - 1 + 4 @@ -25027,11 +25034,11 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 @@ -25039,11 +25046,11 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - 4 + 1 - 3 + 1 @@ -25055,25 +25062,40 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - 1 + 1 - 1 + 3 1 + + + + DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 + Object that is processed with a machine + + + + + + ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 + Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + - + - - + + + @@ -25081,18 +25103,65 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - + - - - + + - Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. + + + + Lifetime + From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. + + + + + + Equipment + From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + + + + + + EN 10028-1:2017-07 + heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + + + + http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html + Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + + + + + Assemblying + From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + + + + + + Property + From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). + + + + + + A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + @@ -25109,44 +25178,108 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). + + DIN 8586:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential + + + + + + Perspective + From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. + + + + + + ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 + fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. + + + + + + CausalSystem + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + + + + + Elementary + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + + + + CausalObject + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + + + + + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + + + + DIN 65099-4:1989-11 + Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN - - DIN 8585-3:2003-09 - Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution - - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology - Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. + + + Quantum + From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". - - - DIN EN 13831:2007-12 - Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added + + + :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps + Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. - - - CausalChain - From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). + + + AnalogicalIcon + From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution + + + DIN 8589-0:2003-09 + Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined @@ -25157,24 +25290,25 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - - - DIN EN 14943:2006-03 - Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 + ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). + + DIN 8583-2:2003-09 + Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools - - Engineered - From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). + + Wholistic + From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. @@ -25184,140 +25318,43 @@ The label of this class was also changed from PhysicsDimension to PhysicalDimens - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - + + + - Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. + Transitivity for proper parthood. - - - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org - method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. - - - - - - Role - From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed - - - - - - DIN 8580:2022-12 - Verfestigen durch Umformen - - - - - - PhysicalObject - From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - - - - - ISO 14034:2016-11 - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - - - - - - Property - From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”). - - - - - - isPredecessorOf - From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - - - - A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - - - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9 - ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion - - - - - - A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation - - - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering - - - - - - TangibleProduct - From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. - - - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential - - - - - - Fundamental - From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). - - - - - - Artifact - From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. + + + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. @@ -25348,82 +25385,148 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction. + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + + + + + + Collection + From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. + + + + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary + Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + + - - https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology - Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - - - measurand - VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. + + + Estimation + From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 + ISO 8887-1:2017 +manufacturing: production of components + + + + + + Tool + Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. - - DIN 8589-3:2003-09 - Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + + DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 + A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en - All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. + + + ResemblanceIcon + From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). - - https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html - A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). - - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. + + + Cogniser + From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” - - - DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 - Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite + + + + + + + + + Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. - - - Item - From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". + + + https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal + A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. + +A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by + + +H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) - - - mereological - Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70). - - - DIN 8589-2:2003-09 - machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). + + + The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. + While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). - - Observation - From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), + + Factory + From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). @@ -25442,208 +25545,88 @@ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology - - - Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; - electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - - - - ISO 13574:2015-02 - Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material - - - - - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - - - - - - DIN 8584-2:2003-09 - Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing parthood reflexivity. - - - - - - DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 - Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 + ISO 55000:2014 +organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives - - isCauseOf - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). + + IntentionalProcess + From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") - - - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol - In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: -(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) -(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) -(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else -[Wikipedia] + + + Manufacturing + From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Transitivity for parthood. - - - - DIN 8593-0:2003-09 - The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + + DIN 8587:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - - - - - - Dedomena - From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) - - - - - - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - - - - - Procedure - From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology + Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way. - - - ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 - process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + measurand + VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity. - - - Factory - From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do). + + + https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf + Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) - - - Elementary - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + FundamentalBoson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - - DIN 65099-4:1989-11 - Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN + + + DIN 8585-3:2003-09 + Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging. - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5 - ISO 8887-1:2017 -manufacturing: production of components + + + DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 + Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. - - - CausalSystem - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”). + + + DIN 8589-6:2003-09 + Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles + + + https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ + An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. @@ -25654,10 +25637,24 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry + + + Index + From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). + + + + + + TangibleProduct + From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’. + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en + All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system. @@ -25667,10 +25664,21 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the - + - + + + + + + + + + + + + @@ -25684,66 +25692,47 @@ sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the + Implementation of equality based on mereology. - - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 - ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area - - - - DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 - Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry - - ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1 - fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use. + + DIN 8584-1:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece - The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. + + + A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain - - ResemblanceIcon - From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”). + + Variable + Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). - + - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - + @@ -25751,138 +25740,42 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - - + + + Enforcing parthood reflexivity. - - - - DIN 8583-1:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - - - - - - CausalParticle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - - - - DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02 - Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) "process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation. - - - - - - https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL - Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - - - - - https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ - An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set. - - - - - - DIN EN 9110:2018-08 - action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage - - - - - - Product - From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. - - - - - - DIN 8588:2013-08 - Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - - - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp. - - - - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - - Estimation - From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”). - - - - - - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + + EMMO + EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. - - DIN 8593-3:2003-09 - A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). - - - - - - Lifetime - From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time. + + https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html + A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity. - - Tool - Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’. + + Icon + From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). - - - Cogniser - From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know” + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal @@ -25894,99 +25787,120 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously - - DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 - Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. + + DIN 8580:2022-12 + Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. - - - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. + The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. - - - In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. - -The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) + + + Observation + From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”), - - FunctionalIcon - From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). + + ManufacturedProduct + From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". - - EN 16603-11:2019-11 - application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective + + DIN 8588:2013-08 + Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless). - - - A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(mathematics) + + + The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics - - Crystal - From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). + + Language + From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). - - - Assemblying - From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’. + + + DIN EN 14943:2006-03 + Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products - - DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12 - Object that is processed with a machine + + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85). + + + + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. + + DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07 + Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + + DIN EN 9110:2018-08 + action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage + + + + + + ISO 4885:2018-02 + hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution - - Quantum - From Latin quantum (plural quanta) "as much as, so much as". + + mereological + Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology + + + + + + DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 + Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. - + - - + + + @@ -25996,126 +25910,129 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code - - + + - Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - - DIN 8584-1:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress. - - - - - - DIN 65099-5:1989-11 - Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - - - - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - - - - DIN 65099-7:1989-11 - (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) + + DIN 8589-2:2003-09 + machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound). - - - A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention + + + A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:55000:ed-1:v2:en:term:3.1.13 - ISO 55000:2014 -organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles - - DIN 8586:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress + + ISO 14034:2016-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process - - - https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal - A material is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. - -A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word essentially means that most of the intensity of the diffraction is concentrated in relatively sharp Bragg peaks, besides the always present diffuse scattering. In all cases, the positions of the diffraction peaks can be expressed by - - -H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3) + + + DIN 55405:2014-12 + Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents - - - - Data - From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - Software - From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. + + Holistic + Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 - ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + The term "Uniform Resource Locator" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network "location"). - - - - - http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html - Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters). + + + + + Existent + ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). - - Computation - From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). + + Role + From French rôle, from obsolete French roule ‘roll’, referring originally to the roll of paper on which the actor's part was written. - - - EN 10028-1:2017-07 - heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium + + + EN 16603-11:2019-11 + application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective - - DIN 55405:2014-12 - Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents + + ISO 13574:2015-02 + Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material @@ -26133,7 +26050,7 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m - + @@ -26145,22 +26062,23 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m - + - - + + + - Implementation of equality based on mereology. + Transitivity for parthood. - - DIN 8589-6:2003-09 - Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool + + DIN EN 13831:2007-12 + Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added @@ -26200,317 +26118,400 @@ manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw m + + + + ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2 + process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies, + + + + + + DIN 8584-2:2003-09 + Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction. + + + + + + Computation + From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”). + + + + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure + The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). + + + + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly + + - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22 ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion - - - We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). -We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. - The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed + + + + + + DIN 8593-3:2003-09 + A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection. - - ManufacturedProduct - From Latin manufacture: "made by hand". + + Data + From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”). - - DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08 - Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives. + + DIN 8589-3:2003-09 + Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface. + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55 + ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself. + + + + + + DIN 8593-0:2003-09 + The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole. + + + + + + https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology + Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes. + + + + + + + + + + 2 + + + Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item). + + + + + + DIN 8588:2013-08 + Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + + + + + + DIN 8586:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + + + + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16 + ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area + + + + + + Software + From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953. - - Equipment - From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’. + + CausalChain + From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”). - - - The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes. - The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time. + + + Procedure + From Latin pro-cedere (“to go forward, to proceed”). + + + + + + Matter + From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). + + + + + + Fundamental + From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”). - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. - - - DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11 - Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air. + + + Part + From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. - - - https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33 - ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder + + + Crystal + From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”). - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary - Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary. + + + Artifact + From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’. - - FundamentalBoson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + isCauseOf + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”). - - - http://www.linfo.org/program.html - A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data. + + + CausalParticle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - DIN 8580:2022-12 - Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes. + + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + (according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982) - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - - - - - - Variable - Fom Latin variabilis ("changeable"). + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. + chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps - - - The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions. - While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon). + + + Engineered + From Latin ingenium "innate qualities, ability; inborn character," in Late Latin "a war engine, battering ram"; literally "that which is inborn," from in- ("in") + gignere ("give birth, beget"). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe. + + + DIN 65099-3:1989-11 + Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other. - - - Existent - ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest). + + + http://www.linfo.org/program.html + Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users. - - - DIN 65099-3:1989-11 - Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82). + + + ElementaryParticle + From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). - - - Index - From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”). + + + Model + From Latin modus (“measure”). - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Transitivity for proper parthood. - - - - - :isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps - Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property. + + + https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt + A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. - - Holistic - Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos "all, whole, entire"). + + isPredecessorOf + From Latin prae ("beforehand") and decedere ("depart"). - - - ISO 4885:2018-02 - hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution + + + Particle + From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). - - - Device - From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". + + + https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece + The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations. - - - ElementaryParticle - From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”). + + + https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf + CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” - - - Simulacrum - From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") + + + In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition. A simple description is that a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is another separate phase. + +The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter) - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 - the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution + + https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck + In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - - - - - - - - - Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO. + + + DIN 8583-1:2003-09 + Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress. - - - Manufacturing - From Latin manu factum ("made by hand"). + + + DIN 65099-7:1989-11 + Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material. - - AnalogicalIcon - From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”). + + CausalStructure + From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping. + + - - - Perspective - From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’. + + + Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71; + electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve - - - Part - From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’. + + + DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03 + Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test. @@ -26522,191 +26523,197 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet - - Language - From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”). + + FunctionalIcon + From Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”). - - - ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19 - Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix. + + + International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org + method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities. + + - - DIN 8586:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress. + + DIN EN 13956:2013-03 + Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - - - IntentionalProcess - From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere ("stretching out") + + + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol + In Peirce semiotics three subtypes of icon are possible: +(a) the image, which depends on a simple quality (e.g. picture) +(b) the diagram, whose internal relations, mainly dyadic or so taken, represent by analogy the relations in something (e.g. math formula, geometric flowchart) +(c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else +[Wikipedia] - - Icon - From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”). + + Item + From Latin item, "likewise, just so, moreover". - - https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck - In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone ). - - - - - - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure - The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary). - - - - - - Particle - From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”). + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution - - Matter - From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”). + + Boson + 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. - - CausalStructure - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”). + + PhysicalObject + From Latin physica "study of nature" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). - - https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt - The term "Uniform Resource Name" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the "urn" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name. + + https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL + Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability. - - - DIN 8583-2:2003-09 - Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools + + + We call "decoding" the act of recognise the variation according to a particular rule and generate another equivalent schema (e.g. in the agent's cognitive apparatus, as another form of data). +We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective. + The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen. - - DIN EN 13956:2013-03 - Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together. - - - - - - EMMO - EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology. + + ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 + a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation - - - Model - From Latin modus (“measure”). + + + DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12 + Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties. - - - DIN 8589-0:2003-09 - Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury - - Wholistic - From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'. + + Dedomena + From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information) - - - https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf - CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata” + + + A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention. + https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention - - - DIN 8588:2013-08 - Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard]). + + + Simulacrum + From Latin simulacrum ("likeness, semblance") - - Collection - From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’. - - - - - - CausalObject - From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”). + + Device + From Old French "deviser", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally "dispose in portions," from Vulgar Latin "divisare", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning "to divide". - - - DIN 8587:2003-09 - Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress. + + + https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9 + ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items. - - - ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143 - a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation + + + J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109 + Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential. - - - The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with "condensed" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics + + + Product + From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’. - - - J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109. - chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps + + + DIN 8580:2022-12 + Verfestigen durch Umformen - - - https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf - Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2) + + + DIN 65099-5:1989-11 + Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85). - - - Boson - 1940s: named after S.N. Bose. + + + DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12 + Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material diff --git a/chameo.ttl b/chameo.ttl index 051c1bb..3e3e8e4 100644 --- a/chameo.ttl +++ b/chameo.ttl @@ -8152,12 +8152,12 @@ ns1:EMMO_f87e79eb_f549_4a06_9c27_a3d1412444c6 a owl:Class ; "This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_22a6f189_7ad7_424d_af15_5efe002c1365 ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 ns1:EMMO_22a6f189_7ad7_424d_af15_5efe002c1365 ns1:EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b ) ] ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_22a6f189_7ad7_424d_af15_5efe002c1365 ], ns1:EMMO_24dda193_ada8_433b_bb74_6ca4a0b89a20 ; skos:prefLabel "Hyperon"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark."@en ; @@ -9703,6 +9703,12 @@ Typically, a sample is illuminated with a laser beam. Electromagnetic radiation rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; skos:prefLabel "hasInstrumentForCalibration"@en . +:hasInstrumentToBeCalibrated a owl:ObjectProperty ; + rdfs:domain :CalibrationProcess ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:range :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ; + rdfs:subPropertyOf ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 . + :hasInteractionVolume a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "hasInteractionVolume"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string ; @@ -10959,7 +10965,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4b2c223f_89fb_4407_b1b6_24774b7fe770 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4b32fc1e_5293_4247_9e8d_1175df9f1c0b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "StrictFundamental"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no proper parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:intersectionOf ( ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 ns1:EMMO_f055e217_0b1b_4e7e_b8be_7340211b0c5e ) ] ; skos:prefLabel "StrictFundamental"@en ; @@ -11839,9 +11845,9 @@ ns1:EMMO_8dbaf3ca_8f0d_4c45_92e1_c6d805b83c87 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "FundamentalFermion"@en ; rdfs:comment "A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd ns1:EMMO_dad35c10_dd6c_4602_8474_f4ef68517fe9 ), - ( ns1:EMMO_07bb613c_e8d0_425f_abcc_47c58b14704e ns1:EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 ), - ( ns1:EMMO_124c07b7_38ea_405c_81b1_5c65eee1a41a ns1:EMMO_7773f63a_cd7c_4393_b36b_cd1b8a71565a ns1:EMMO_82d6c4b3_a037_49de_9622_0407af40bdeb ) ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_07bb613c_e8d0_425f_abcc_47c58b14704e ns1:EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 ), + ( ns1:EMMO_124c07b7_38ea_405c_81b1_5c65eee1a41a ns1:EMMO_7773f63a_cd7c_4393_b36b_cd1b8a71565a ns1:EMMO_82d6c4b3_a037_49de_9622_0407af40bdeb ), + ( ns1:EMMO_9226c7af_573f_4762_865c_e3a68a4832dd ns1:EMMO_dad35c10_dd6c_4602_8474_f4ef68517fe9 ) ; skos:prefLabel "FundamentalFermion"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 "A particle with half odd integer spin (1/2, 3/2, etc...) that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion"@en . @@ -11872,13 +11878,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_8f87e700_99a8_4427_8ffb_e493de05c217 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], + owl:qualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_0a3f04a6_ba3a_49d9_99da_08b0e26f51f0 ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_a4edc1d4_bb38_4897_ba1e_f87e7aa31c5b ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; skos:prefLabel "Proton"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A positive charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton"^^xsd:string . @@ -12329,7 +12335,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_bb6febfa_5c6b_43c9_941a_4b6157b703be a owl:ObjectProperty ; ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Substance"@en ; rdfs:comment "A composite physical object made of fermions (i.e. having mass and occupying space)."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c, ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_660a4964_0333_4663_bc66_e93ef59b0679 ns1:EMMO_8b0923ab_b500_477b_9ce9_8b3a3e4dc4f2 ) ; @@ -13135,7 +13141,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f895cb83_2280_42e9_9f4c_047273e70d3c a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f8bd64d5_5d3e_4ad4_a46e_c30714fecb7f a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Integer"@en ; rdfs:comment "An integer number."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom xsd:integer ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_faf79f53_749d_40b2_807c_d34244c192f4 ], @@ -14045,7 +14051,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity that can undergo a chemical reaction."@en, """Molecular entity is used as a general term for singular entities, irrespective of their nature, while chemical species stands for sets or ensembles of molecular entities. Note that the name of a compound may refer to the respective molecular entity or to the chemical species,"""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy , + rdfs:isDefinedBy , "https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03986"@en ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1, ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 ; @@ -14148,10 +14154,10 @@ An entity is called redundand if removing one direct part will not lead to a cha rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f835f4d4_c665_403d_ab25_dca5cc74be52 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f835f4d4_c665_403d_ab25_dca5cc74be52 ], ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_50967f46_51f9_462a_b1e4_e63365b4a184 ns1:EMMO_e024544d_e374_45b7_9340_1982040bc6b7 ) ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalSubstance"@en ; @@ -14498,7 +14504,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_57ba1bf0_4314_432c_a9bb_6a6720c8dab5 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined."^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of physical objects possessing a structure that is larger than a single composite particle, for which its bosonic or fermionic nature is undetermined."^^xsd:string . @@ -14593,7 +14599,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_68c0e0cd_6afd_4eb7_9dfa_91c2462002c9 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; rdfs:comment "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointWith ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ; skos:prefLabel "OrdinaryMatter"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Matter composed of only matter particles, excluding anti-matter particles."@en . @@ -14821,7 +14827,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_891d1351_3843_4da3_906b_3b30411bd512 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SpatialTiling"@en ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that all spatial."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7efab93d_c8fe_49c7_ba8e_d21d13b38c85 ] ; @@ -14843,7 +14849,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_8ab3ff9d_35d4_44b7_9d66_7b0b30c40da8 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8c64fcfa_23aa_45f8_9e58_bdfd065fab8f a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Constant"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b ; skos:prefLabel "Constant"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable that stand for a numerical constant, even if it is unknown."@en . @@ -15216,7 +15222,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c9c8f824_9127_4f93_bc21_69fe78a7f6f2 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_caa63d00_80b1_4408_ac1b_cd0d23b0ec50 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ThroughTile"@en ; rdfs:comment "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; skos:prefLabel "ThroughTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tile that has next and is next of other tiles within the same tessellation."@en . @@ -15425,7 +15431,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_eb95a619_ca07_4678_a809_10021b25a13f a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_edf72228_e040_4edc_8b46_78b2a47c72d7 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "EndTile"@en ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; skos:prefLabel "EndTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_c0f48dc6_4a32_4d9a_a956_d68415954a8e . @@ -15603,7 +15609,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fa595892_070d_455e_9459_06c97179c080 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "BeginTile"@en ; rdfs:comment ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 ; skos:prefLabel "BeginTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ns1:EMMO_fe63194f_7c04_4dbd_a244_524b38b6699b . @@ -16104,7 +16110,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_28fbea28_2204_4613_87ff_6d877b855fcd a owl:Class ; See Shape4x3Matrix as an example."""@en, "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en, "Arrays are ordered objects, since they are a subclasses of Arrangement."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; skos:prefLabel "Array"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Arrays are ordered mathematical objects who's elementary spatial parts are numbers. Their dimensionality is constructed with spatial direct parthood, where 1-dimensional arrays have spatial direct parts Number and n-dimensional array have spatial direct parts (n-1)-dimensional arrays."@en ; @@ -16161,7 +16167,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 a owl:Class ; """The definition of an arrangement implies that its spatial direct parts are not gained or lost during its temporal extension (they exist from the left to the right side of the time interval), so that the cardinality of spatial direct parts in an arrangement is constant. This does not mean that there cannot be a change in the internal structure of the arrangement direct parts. It means only that this change must not affect the existence of the direct part itself."""@en, "The use of spatial direct parthood in state definition means that an arrangement cannot overlap in space another arrangement that is direct part of the same whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_8944581c_64da_46a9_be29_7074f7cc8098 ; skos:altLabel "MereologicalState"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Arrangement"@en ; @@ -16175,10 +16181,10 @@ ns1:EMMO_39a4e2a4_d835_426d_b497_182d06e1caff a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_36a4c1ca_5085_49ca_9e13_4c70d00c50a5 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_669d2749_bece_460a_b26a_9a909fd8ca4d ] ; @@ -16195,11 +16201,11 @@ A data object may be used as the physical basis for a sign, under Semiotics pers We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; + owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc ns1:EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55 ) ], + [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_0d1c0018_42e2_4506_bc3d_f53c117c1ad3 ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 ) ], [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_194e367c_9783_4bf5_96d0_9ad597d48d9a ns1:EMMO_50d6236a_7667_4883_8ae1_9bb5d190423a ) ], - [ a owl:Class ; - owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_6fa1feac_c388_44cc_a721_283499d5addc ns1:EMMO_ed257e78_8b59_44c3_9d61_06c261184f55 ) ], [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_888a5dea_3b7d_4dc0_93f2_d4e345a1f903 ns1:EMMO_ac1a05c5_0c17_4387_bac0_683f2a86f3ed ) ] ; skos:altLabel "EncodedVariation"@en ; @@ -16254,10 +16260,10 @@ ns1:EMMO_47bf3513_4ae6_4858_9c45_76e23230d68d a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_2d72e38c_d587_437f_98f6_f2718fb130eb ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_2d72e38c_d587_437f_98f6_f2718fb130eb ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_35d2e130_6e01_41ed_94f7_00b333d46cf9 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 ] ; @@ -16426,13 +16432,13 @@ ns1:EMMO_7cdc375d_d371_4d78_acd5_d51732f52126 a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_881606d0_6f2f_4947_bc8b_75c5b7b2b688 ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ] ; skos:altLabel "IconSemiosis"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Cognition"@en . @@ -16521,7 +16527,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_90798691_3b86_4d8c_910f_be2b39c98b39 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Sequence"@en ; rdfs:comment "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c ; skos:prefLabel "Sequence"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A tessellation of temporal slices."@en . @@ -16538,7 +16544,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9b075686_4ac2_43bb_b2a3_17b3ea24ff17 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9e029526_79a2_47a8_a151_dd0545db471b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NumericalVariable"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; skos:prefLabel "NumericalVariable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable standing for a numerical defined mathematical object like e.g. a number, a vector of numbers, a matrix of numbers."@en . @@ -16559,7 +16565,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_9ffffb55_3496_4307_82b8_a0d78fe1fcd8 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_aaad78a9_abaf_4f97_9c1a_d763a94c4ba3 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; rdfs:comment "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "TemporallyFundamental"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of individuals that satisfy a whole defining criteria (i.e. belongs to a subclass of whole) and have no temporal parts that satisfy that same criteria (no parts that are of the same type of the whole)."@en . @@ -16625,7 +16631,7 @@ The unity criterion beyond the definition of a causal structure (the most genera - is made of at least two quantums (a structure is not a simple entity) - all quantum parts form a causally connected graph"""@en, "The union of CausalPath and CausalSystem classes."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointUnionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; @@ -16711,7 +16717,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_ea67caa5_2609_4e91_98ae_81103f2d5c25 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Observer"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Observer"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object through the specific interaction required by the property definition."@en . @@ -16870,7 +16876,7 @@ foaf:Person a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_06658d8d_dcde_4fc9_aae1_17f71c0bcdec a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Vector"@en ; rdfs:comment "1-dimensional array who's spatial direct parts are numbers."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_21f56795_ee72_4858_b571_11cfaa59c1a8 ], @@ -16967,7 +16973,7 @@ In the EMMO abstract entities do not exists, and numbers are simply defined by o Or alternatively, an integer numeral may also stands for a set of a specific cardinality (e.g. 3 stands for a set of three apples). Rational and real numbers are simply a syntactic arrangment of integers (digits, in decimal system). The fact that you can't give a name to a number without using a numeral or, in case of positive integers, without referring to a real world objects set with specific cardinality, suggests that the abstract concept of number is not a concept that can be practically used. For these reasons, the EMMO will consider numerals and numbers as the same concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa, ns1:EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527 ; skos:altLabel "Numeral"@en ; @@ -16994,7 +17000,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2b1fb71c_0eb0_445c_9be7_fb5d30ae79fd a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_2e46d966_9f14_4673_821e_7c7cf2957926 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SpatioTemporalTile"^^xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "https://w3id.org/emmo#EMMO_22c91e99_61f8_4433_8853_432d44a2a46a"^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_4cf484af_082a_40f5_9f11_930bf4634482 ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ns1:EMMO_d4c95fa1_5bda_4063_a22d_62c81fcea284 ) ], @@ -17046,7 +17052,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 a owl:Class ; """It is natural to define entities made or more than one smaller parts according to some unity criteria. One of the most general one applicable to causal systems is to ask that all the quantum parts of the system are bonded to the rest. In other words, causal convexity excludes all quantums that leave the system (no more interacting), or that are not yet part of it (not yet interacting). So, a photon leaving a body is not part of the body as convex system, while a photon the is carrier of electromagnetic interaction between two molecular parts of the body, is part of the convex body."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 ns1:EMMO_57d977ab_0036_4779_b59a_e47620afdb9c ) ; skos:prefLabel "PhysicalObject"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A CausalSystem whose quantum parts are all bonded to the rest of the system."@en ; @@ -17096,14 +17102,14 @@ ns1:EMMO_3ecff38b_b3cf_4a78_b49f_8580abf8715b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4a1c73f1_b6f5_4d10_a3a6_5de90bac7cd0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Estimator"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Estimator"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A characteriser that declares a property for an object without actually interact with it with the specific interaction required by the property definition (i.e. infer a property from other properties)."@en . ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporalTile"@en ; rdfs:comment "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalTile"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A direct part that is obtained by partitioning a whole purely in temporal parts."@en . @@ -17296,7 +17302,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_961d1aba_f75e_4411_aaa4_457f7516ed6b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_9953c19f_ee33_4af8_be5e_dbf6d1e33581 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Tile"@en ; rdfs:comment "A causal object that is direct part of a tessellation."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_74a75cf1_3418_4244_b43c_b5db94635d42 ] ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ] ; @@ -17398,7 +17404,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_b6292331_94af_4f00_976b_ea55960c2f1c a owl:DatatypeProperty ; ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "IntentionalProcess"@en ; rdfs:comment "A process occurring with the active participation of an agent that drives the process according to a specific objective (intention)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_cd24eb82_a11c_4a31_96ea_32f870c5580a ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_c130614a_2985_476d_a7ed_8a137847703c ], @@ -17429,12 +17435,12 @@ ns1:EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_d4e0a0ab_2f67_4f87_a0db_b544e6dceed4 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_442bd91e_a724_4e9f_89c1_18423016fb75 ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_4be0acad_af05_426f_aa6d_fe7531072564 ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_216f448e_cdbc_4aeb_a529_7a5fe7fc38bb ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_d4e0a0ab_2f67_4f87_a0db_b544e6dceed4 ; owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] ; skos:prefLabel "PrefixedUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A measurement unit that is made of a metric prefix and a unit symbol."@en . @@ -17532,7 +17538,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_f4a30d7e_8e8b_41e6_9695_d33a68f54f4b a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_f7f41d20_eabb_4bcb_9a16_0436851fcd5c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporalTiling"@en ; rdfs:comment "A well formed tessellation with tiles that are all temporal."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:allValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_504ad89e_dd4a_4fa6_aeb6_15c8ce0cde9b ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_7efab93d_c8fe_49c7_ba8e_d21d13b38c85 ] ; @@ -17567,52 +17573,6 @@ ns1:EMMO_ffb73b1e_5786_43e4_a964_cb32ac7affb7 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Measure of the ease for electric current to pass through a material."@en ; ns1:EMMO_fe015383_afb3_44a6_ae86_043628697aa2 "https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.E01925"^^xsd:string . -:CalibrationProcess a owl:Class ; - rdfs:label "CalibrationProcess"@en ; - rdfs:comment """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en, - "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en, - "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; - rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :CalibrationData ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onClass :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; - owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], - :CharacterisationProcedure ; - skos:prefLabel "CalibrationProcess"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions -1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and -2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication -NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. -NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. -NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from -measurement standards. -NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty -for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the -past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. -NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement -standards. - --- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en . - :CharacterisationWorkflow a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CharacterisationWorkflow"@en ; rdfs:comment "A characterisation procedure that has at least two characterisation tasks as proper parts."@en ; @@ -17705,7 +17665,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A discrete data whose elements can be decoded as tokens from one or more alphabets, without necessarily respecting syntactic rules."@en, """A symbolic entity is not necessarily graphical (e.g. it doesn't necessarily have the physical shape of a letter), but its elements can be decoded and put in relation with an alphabet. In other words, a sequence of bit "1000010" in a RAM (a non-graphical entity) is a valid symbol since it can be decoded through ASCII rules as the letter "B". The same holds for an entity standing for the sound of a voice saying: "Hello", since it can be decomposed in discrete parts, each of them being associated to a letter of an alphabet."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c ns1:EMMO_a1083d0a_c1fb_471f_8e20_a98f881ad527 ) ] ; @@ -17758,10 +17718,10 @@ ns1:EMMO_10a5fd39_06aa_4648_9e70_f962a9cb2069 a owl:Class ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ], + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_1b52ee70_121e_4d8d_8419_3f97cd0bd89c ] ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_b7bcff25_ffc3_474e_9ab5_01b1664bd4ba ] ; owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ) ] ; skos:altLabel "Characterisation"@en ; @@ -17789,7 +17749,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_19608340_178c_4bfd_bd4d_0d3b935c6fec a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Variable"@en ; rdfs:comment "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; skos:prefLabel "Variable"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A variable is a symbolic object that stands for any other mathematical object, such as number, a vector, a matrix, a function, the argument of a function, a set, an element of a set."@en ; @@ -17985,7 +17945,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_89a0c87c_0804_4013_937a_6fe234d9499c a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SymbolicConstruct"@en ; rdfs:comment "A symbolic entity made of other symbolic entities according to a specific spatial configuration."@en, "This class collects individuals that represents arrangements of strings, or other symbolic compositions, without any particular predifined arrangement schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ], @@ -18084,7 +18044,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_be8592a7_68d1_4a06_ad23_82f2b56ef926 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment """A discrete schema may be based on a continuum material basis that is filtered according to its variations. For example, a continuous voltage based signal can be considered 1 or 0 according to some threshold. Discrete does not mean tha the material basis is discrete, but that the data are encoded according to such step-based rules."""@en, "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DiscreteData"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Data whose variations are decoded according to a discrete schema."@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "A text is a collection of discrete symbols. A compact disc is designed to host discrete states in the form of pits and lands."@en ; @@ -18161,13 +18121,13 @@ In this material branch, H atom is a particular case, with respect to higher ato We cannot say that H₂ molecule has direct part two H atoms, but has direct part two H nucleus."""@en, "An 'atom' is a 'nucleus' surrounded by an 'electron_cloud', i.e. a quantum system made of one or more bounded electrons."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; - owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_f835f4d4_c665_403d_ab25_dca5cc74be52 ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_dc57d998_23db_4d8e_b2cd_f346b195b846 ; + owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_8043d3c6_a4c1_4089_ba34_9744e28e5b3d ], ns1:EMMO_21205421_5783_4d3e_81e5_10c5d894a88a ; skos:altLabel "ChemicalElement"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Atom"@en ; @@ -18193,30 +18153,51 @@ ns1:EMMO_f675294e_6f30_4b1d_a68e_a74e59f3b2fc a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_26bf1bef_d192_4da6_b0eb_d2209698fb54 "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69427512"^^xsd:string ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Energy per amount of substance."@en . -:CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument a owl:Class ; - rdfs:label "CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument"^^xsd:string ; - rdfs:comment """Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure."""@en, - "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en ; +:CalibrationProcess a owl:Class ; + rdfs:label "CalibrationProcess"@en ; + rdfs:comment """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en, + "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en, + "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b ; - owl:someValuesFrom :Detector ], + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :CalibrationData ], [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b ; - owl:someValuesFrom :Probe ], - ns1:EMMO_f2d5d3ad_2e00_417f_8849_686f3988d929, - :CharacterisationHardware ; - skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument"^^xsd:string ; - ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary -devices -NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. -NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter"^^xsd:string ; - ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 "Measuring instrument"@en . + owl:onClass :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; + owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ], + :CharacterisationProcedure ; + skos:prefLabel "CalibrationProcess"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Operation performed on a measuring instrument or a measuring system that, under specified conditions +1. establishes a relation between the values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and +2. uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication +NOTE 1 The objective of calibration is to provide traceability of measurement results obtained when using a calibrated measuring instrument or measuring system. +NOTE 2 The outcome of a calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive or multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. +NOTE 3 Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “selfcalibration”, nor with verification of calibration. Calibration is sometimes a prerequisite for verification, which provides confirmation that specified requirements (often maximum permissible errors) are met. Calibration is sometimes also a prerequisite for adjustment, which is the set of operations carried out on a measuring system such that the system provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of quantities being measured, typically obtained from +measurement standards. +NOTE 4 Sometimes the first step alone of the operation mentioned in the definition is intended as being calibration, as it was in previous editions of this Vocabulary. The second step is in fact required to establish instrumental uncertainty +for the measurement results obtained when using the calibrated measuring system. The two steps together aim to demonstrate the metrological traceability of measurement results obtained by a calibrated measuring system. In the +past the second step was usually considered to occur after the calibration. +NOTE 5 A comparison between two measurement standards may be viewed as a calibration if the comparison is used to check and, if necessary, correct the value and measurement uncertainty attributed to one of the measurement +standards. + +-- International Vocabulary of Metrology(VIM)"""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "Sequence of operations/actions that are needed to convert the initial signal (as produced by the detector) into a meaningful and useable raw data."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "In nanoindentation, the electrical signal coming from capacitive displacement gauge is converted into a real raw-displacement signal after using a proper calibration function (as obtained by the equipment manufacturer). Then, additional calibration procedures are applied to define the point of initial contact and to correct for instrument compliance, thermal drift, and indenter area function to obtain the real useable displacement data."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Usually the calibration process involve a reference sample (with pre-defined, specific, and stable physical characteristics and known properties), in order to extract calibration data. In this way, the accuracy of the measurement tool and its components (for example the probe) will be evaluated and confirmed."@en . :OpticalTesting a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "OpticalTesting"@en ; @@ -18261,7 +18242,7 @@ NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a ns1:EMMO_0e1f2009_bf12_49d1_99f3_1422e5287d82 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "TemporalRole"@en ; rdfs:comment "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "HolisticTemporalPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "TemporalRole"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An holistic temporal part of a whole."@en . @@ -18306,7 +18287,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Material"@en ; rdfs:comment "A instance of a material (e.g. nitrogen) can represent different states of matter. The fact that the individual also belongs to other classes (e.g. Gas) would reveal the actual form in which the material is found."@en, "The class of individuals standing for an amount of ordinary matter substance (or mixture of substances) in different states of matter or phases."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644, ns1:EMMO_bc37743c_37c4_4ec7_9d58_d1aae5567352 ; skos:prefLabel "Material"@en ; @@ -18317,7 +18298,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_4207e895_8b83_4318_996a_72cfb32acd94 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_4ce76d7f_03f8_45b6_9003_90052a79bfaa a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Numerical"@en ; rdfs:comment "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 ; skos:prefLabel "Numerical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A 'Mathematical' that has no unknown value, i.e. all its 'Variable\"-s parts refers to a 'Number' (for scalars that have a built-in datatype) or to another 'Numerical' (for complex numerical data structures that should rely on external implementations)."@en . @@ -18470,7 +18451,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c7013b53_3071_410b_a5e4_a8d266dcdfb5 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_c9805ac9_a943_4be4_ac4b_6da64ba36c73 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Declared"@en ; rdfs:comment "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "Declared"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A semantic object that is connected to a conventional sign by an interpreter (a declarer) according to a specific convention."@en . @@ -18507,11 +18488,36 @@ ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_fcae603e_aa6e_4940_9fa1_9f0909cabf3b a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "NonTemporalRole"@en ; rdfs:comment "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "HolisticSpatialPart"@en ; skos:prefLabel "NonTemporalRole"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "An holistic spatial part of a whole."@en . +:CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument a owl:Class ; + rdfs:label "CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:comment """Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure."""@en, + "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; + rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b ; + owl:someValuesFrom :Probe ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_8e52c42b_e879_4473_9fa1_4b23428b392b ; + owl:someValuesFrom :Detector ], + ns1:EMMO_f2d5d3ad_2e00_417f_8849_686f3988d929, + :CharacterisationHardware ; + skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument"^^xsd:string ; + ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 """Device used for making measurements, alone or in conjunction with one or more supplementary +devices +NOTE 1 A measuring instrument that can be used alone for making measurements is a measuring system. +NOTE 2 A measuring instrument is either an indicating measuring instrument or a material measure."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The instrument used for characterising a material, which usually has a probe and a detector as parts."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "In nanoindentation is the nanoindenter"^^xsd:string ; + ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 "Measuring instrument"@en . + :CharacterisationTask a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CharacterisationTask"@en ; rdfs:comment ""^^xsd:string ; @@ -18608,7 +18614,7 @@ A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The The combination of collection and item concepts is the EMMO mereocausality alternative to set theory. However, two items can be members only if they are non direct causally connected, giving some constraints to a collection definition. For example, two entities which are directly connected cannot be two distinct members, while their interiors (i.e. the entities obtained by removing the layer of parts that provides the causal contact between them) can be."""@en, "The class of not direct causally self-connected world entities."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf _:107 ; + rdfs:subClassOf _:82 ; skos:prefLabel "Collection"@en ; ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 """A collection is the concept that complements the item concept, being an entity that possesses at least one part non directly causally connected with the rest. A collection can be partitioned in maximally connected items called members. The members are self-connected entities and there is no direct causality relation between them. @@ -18642,7 +18648,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A procedure can be considered as an intentional process with a plan."@en, "The process in which an agent works with some entities according to some existing formalised operative rules."@en, "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; skos:altLabel "Elaboration"@en, "Work"@en ; @@ -18659,7 +18665,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 a owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en, """This class is the practical implementation of the EMMO pluralistic approach for which the only objective categorization is provided by the Universe individual and all the Quantum individuals. Between these two extremes, there are several subjective ways to categorize real world objects, each one provide under a 'Perspective' subclass."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; skos:prefLabel "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of causal objects that stand for world objects according to a specific representational perspective."@en ; @@ -18787,9 +18793,6 @@ system specifications. "The measurement process associates raw data to the sample through a probe and a detector."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationEnvironment ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationMeasurementInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; @@ -18801,6 +18804,9 @@ system specifications. [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationData ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :CharacterisationEnvironment ], ns1:EMMO_463bcfda_867b_41d9_a967_211d4d437cfb, :CharacterisationProcedure ; skos:prefLabel "CharacterisationMeasurementProcess"@en ; @@ -18870,7 +18876,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; rdfs:comment "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:prefLabel "DimensionlessUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_1f1b164d_ec6a_4faa_8d5e_88bda62316cc "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/UNITLESS"^^xsd:anyURI ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The subclass of measurement units with no physical dimension."@en ; @@ -18934,7 +18940,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_6523cad7_ea54_471c_adb7_e783f824ec09 a owl:Class ; ns1:EMMO_8b1367d6_0133_4b56_acc1_fa8b058169e3 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; rdfs:comment "A composite particle is a bound state of elementary particles for which it is still possible to define its bosonic or fermionic behaviour."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1f19b65b_35bf_4662_a318_7f1c147cb3b6 ns1:EMMO_29108c7c_9087_4992_ab1c_02561665df21 ) ; skos:prefLabel "CompositePhysicalParticle"@en ; @@ -18971,8 +18977,8 @@ ns1:EMMO_b081b346_7279_46ef_9a3d_2c088fcd79f4 a owl:Class ; ISO 80000-1"""@en, "A metrological reference for a physical quantity."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a ), - ( ns1:EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e ns1:EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e ) ; + owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_868ae137_4d25_493e_b270_21ea3d94849e ns1:EMMO_c6d4a5e0_7e95_44df_a6db_84ee0a8bbc8e ), + ( ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 ns1:EMMO_cbdea88b_fef1_4c7c_b69f_ae1f0f241c4a ) ; owl:disjointWith ns1:EMMO_c9c8f824_9127_4f93_bc21_69fe78a7f6f2 ; skos:prefLabel "MeasurementUnit"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "A metrological reference for a physical quantity."@en ; @@ -18996,7 +19002,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_c2f5ee66_579c_44c6_a2e9_fa2eaa9fa4da a owl:Class ; is desirable (μm/m, nmol/mol). -- SI Brochure"""@en, "Unit for fractions of quantities of the same kind, to aid the understanding of the quantity being expressed."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_3227b821_26a5_4c7c_9c01_5c24483e0bd0 ; skos:altLabel "RatioUnit"@en ; skos:prefLabel "FractionUnit"@en ; @@ -19087,7 +19093,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 a owl:Class ; It is possible to identify more than one concept that can be reasonably labelled with the term "matter". For example, it is possible to label as matter only the entities that are made up of atoms. Or more generally, we can be more fine-grained and call "matter" the entities that are made up of protons, neutrons or electrons, so that we can call matter also a neutron radiation or a cathode ray. A more fundamental approach, that we embrace for the EMMO, considers matter as entities that are made of fermions (i.e. quarks and leptons). This would exclude particles like the W and Z bosons that possess some mass, but are not fermions. Antimatter is a subclass of matter."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; owl:disjointUnionOf ( ns1:EMMO_1c16bb7f_5400_4498_8ef2_54392908da4e ns1:EMMO_6e9cb807_fc68_4bcf_b3ba_5fccc887c644 ns1:EMMO_f13672a3_59cc_40ed_8def_65009a8f74e6 ) ; skos:altLabel "PhysicalSubstance"@en ; @@ -19198,14 +19204,14 @@ Following graph theory concepts, the quantums of an item are all connected toget "Sample preparation processes (e.g., machining, polishing, cutting to size, etc.) before actual observation and measurement."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy : ; rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; - owl:someValuesFrom :SamplePreparationParameter ], - [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_35c29eb6_f57e_48d8_85af_854f9e926e77 ; owl:someValuesFrom :SamplePreparationInstrument ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], + [ a owl:Restriction ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_36e69413_8c59_4799_946c_10b05d266e22 ; + owl:someValuesFrom :SamplePreparationParameter ], [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_c4bace1d_4db0_4cd3_87e9_18122bae2840 ; owl:someValuesFrom :Sample ], @@ -19245,8 +19251,8 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet "The class of all the OWL individuals declared by EMMO as standing for world entities."@en, "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - rdfs:subClassOf _:94, - _:95 ; + rdfs:subClassOf _:106, + _:73 ; owl:disjointUnionOf [ a rdf:List ; rdf:first ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; rdf:rest [ a rdf:List ; @@ -19472,7 +19478,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_54ee6b5e_5261_44a8_86eb_5717e7fdb9d0 a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Mathematical"@en ; rdfs:comment "A mathematical object in this branch is not representing a concept but an actual graphical object built using mathematcal symbols arranged in some way, according to math conventions."^^xsd:string, "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; rdfs:subClassOf ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; skos:prefLabel "Mathematical"@en ; ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 "The class of general mathematical symbolic objects respecting mathematical syntactic rules."@en . @@ -19567,7 +19573,7 @@ However that's not possible in general, since we will finally end to temporal pa In other terms, if the time span of a temporal part is lower than the inverse of the frequency of interactions between the constituents, then the constituents in such temporal part are not connected. The object is no more an object, neither an item, but simply a collection of fundamental parts. To overcome this issue, we can identify an minimum holistic temporal part (a lower time interval value), below which a specific definition for an object type does not hold anymore, that is called a fundamental."""@en, "A whole that is identified according to a criteria based on its spatial configuration that is satisfied throughout its time extension."@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "Continuant"@en, "Endurant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Object"@en ; @@ -19590,7 +19596,7 @@ ns1:EMMO_43e9a05d_98af_41b4_92f6_00f79a09bfce a owl:Class ; """Following the common definition of process, the reader may think that every whole should be a process, since every 4D object always has a time dimension. However, in the EMMO we restrict the meaning of the word process to items whose evolution in time have a particular meaning for the ontologist (i.e. every 4D object unfolds in time, but not every 4D time unfolding may be of interest for the ontologist and categorized as a process). For this reason, the definition of every specific process subclass requires the introduction of a primitive concept."""@en ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy ; skos:altLabel "Occurrent"@en, "Perdurant"@en ; skos:prefLabel "Process"@en ; @@ -19855,69 +19861,33 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units - TimeUnit <=> "T+1 L0 M0 I0 Θ0 N0 J0" - ElectricCurrentDensityUnit <=> "T0 L-2 M0 I+1 Θ0 N0 J0\""""@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en . - [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for parthood."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:107 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; - rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; @@ -19925,28 +19895,28 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 10028-1:2017-07"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_9900d51c_bdd3_40e8_aa82_ad1aa7092f71 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Object that is processed with a machine"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_607ccc15_38aa_4a69_a70a_effa8015bf42 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fba4018_24bd_450c_abc3_354e2c7809c9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 55405:2014-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c790c7ff_2d10_4336_94ad_4f4e173109a9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 4885:2018-07"^^xsd:string ; @@ -19955,41 +19925,16 @@ Examples of correspondance between dimensional units and their dimensional units owl:annotatedTarget "Treatment carried out after hardening or case hardening consisting of cooling to a temperature below room temperature to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dc0874e8_36e1_44df_947d_0d7c81167a09 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)"^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:94 ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 -discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_44f91d47_3faf_48e2_844c_d44bbe3e22f6 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_607ccc15_38aa_4a69_a70a_effa8015bf42 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Strengthening by rolling is the strengthening of component surfaces by mechanically generating compressive stresses in the component surface and consolidating the material."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -19998,53 +19943,35 @@ discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin factor, from fact- ‘done’, from the verb facere (to do)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3ec45f3b_677d_4e71_be75_6f8966b4f808 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en . +sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-6:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-4:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c9f0abb6_d3e8_459e_bacc_c14ed5481998 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7d004db_59fa_5ae3_adb1_e75736aa721a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_01048432_3722_40a9_aa37_ea009da44272 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 4885:2018-02"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3c7affee_09ed_42e7_a190_4a10c75ab6dd ; - owl:annotatedTarget "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23704-1:2022(en), 3.1.2"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20053,98 +19980,136 @@ loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en owl:annotatedTarget "process of joining materials to make parts from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing (3.1.29) and formative manufacturing methodologies,"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3cb27225_df45_4616_aa3b_32dba383524c ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 -manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion"""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology +Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."""^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "EN 10028-1:2017-07"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_9900d51c_bdd3_40e8_aa82_ad1aa7092f71 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "heat treatment consisting of heating and soaking at a suitable temperature, followed by cooling under conditions such that, after return to ambient temperature, the metal will be in a structural state closer to that of equilibrium"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 14034:2016-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1d6b63d5_9938_483c_ad62_a09ac34153c9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Artifact"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 +manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8679c7d3_fd5d_49ba_bc1f_1bb820a1f73f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Machining in which a tool is used whose number of cutting edges, geometry of the cutting wedges and position of the cutting edges in relation to the workpiece are determined"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 12258-1:2012-08"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2138677c_845a_4bc2_8be7_7b0a07b4777d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Removal of material by means of rigid or flexible discs or belts containing abrasives."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_01048432_3722_40a9_aa37_ea009da44272 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Draw forming by drawing a workpiece through a tool opening that is narrowed in the drawing direction."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-4:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c9f0abb6_d3e8_459e_bacc_c14ed5481998 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Thermal ablation is the separation of material particles in solid, liquid or gaseous state by heat processes as well as the removal of these material particles by mechanical or electromagnetic forces (from: DIN"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.60"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_912ac3a2_a124_4233_92dd_06c9aebea46c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Assemblying"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French asembler, based on Latin ad- ‘to’ + simul ‘together’."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.33"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3ec45f3b_677d_4e71_be75_6f8966b4f808 ; owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -sintering: thermal treatment of a powder or compact, at a temperature below the melting point of the main constituent, for the purpose of increasing its strength by the metallurgical bonding of its particles"""@en . +loose-powder sintering, gravity sintering: sintering of uncompacted powder"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_82fc8506_1f84_4add_9683_abea077bd1e3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Product"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin productum ‘something produced’, derived from Latin producere, from pro- ‘forward’ + ducere ‘to lead’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-7:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dc0874e8_36e1_44df_947d_0d7c81167a09 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "(according to DIN 8200) Shot peening to generate residual compressive stresses in layers of the blasting material close to the surface in order to improve certain component properties, e.g. fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance (from: DIN 8200:1982)"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). +Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en), 3.3.1"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_253e1d54_69af_4931_90d0_5ccfd7e690ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget """fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology -Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously with additive manufacturing (3.1.2) and, in these cases, typically associated with machines used for non-industrial purposes including personal use."""^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_68ee441e_c89e_4391_93c3_e68fef59fe14 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress"^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.32"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3cb27225_df45_4616_aa3b_32dba383524c ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy +liquid-phase sintering: sintering of a powder or compact containing at least two constituents, under conditions such that a liquid phase is formed"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werkst%C3%BCck"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20152,65 +20117,74 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; owl:annotatedTarget "In manufacturing, a workpiece is a single, delimited part of largely solid material that is processed in some form (e.g. stone )."^^xsd:string . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 23952:2020(en), 3.4.143"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "a physical artifact, real or virtual, intended for subsequent transformation within some manufacturing operation"^^xsd:string . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c68497d_2544_4cd4_897b_1ea783c9f6fe ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Tool"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Old English tōl, from a Germanic base meaning ‘prepare’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 15156-3:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_dacfc7dc_5ddb_4f67_986b_dcd01d649d60 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Heat to a temperature appropriate for the particular material, maintain at that temperature and then cool at an appropriate rate to reduce hardness, improve machinability or achieve desired properties."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 9110:2018-08"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7171429_b9e3_4812_95c1_e97309370538 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "action to disassemble a product or a component by removing all or some of its constituent parts with the intent to salvage"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.22"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 +manufacturing: function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a state of further completion"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d5f98475_00ce_4987_99fb_262aed395e46 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing +sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Device"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French \"deviser\", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally \"dispose in portions,\" from Vulgar Latin \"divisare\", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning \"to divide\"."@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:15531:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.6.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8786cb47_8e1f_4968_9b15_f6d41fc51252 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 15531-1:2004 +discrete manufacturing: production of discrete items."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1a2cbca8_3d3b_4e2c_9a71_e39273937786 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by separating particles of material from a solid body by non-mechanical means. Ablation refers both to the removal of layers of material and to the separation of workpiece parts. The production process of ablation is considered in its stationary instantaneous state, independently of the application of auxiliary processes necessary to initiate the process. Ablation is divided into three subgroups according to the order point of view (OGP) \"process in the effective zone on the surface of the workpiece\": - thermal ablation; - chemical ablation; - electrochemical ablation."^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 4885:2018-02"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3c7affee_09ed_42e7_a190_4a10c75ab6dd ; + owl:annotatedTarget "hardening of a workpiece caused by the precipitation of one or more compounds from a supersaturated solid solution"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-0:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_68ee441e_c89e_4391_93c3_e68fef59fe14 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6ab555fd_5803_4f03_82e8_127c01aabfea ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The permanent joining or other bringing together of two or more workpieces of a geometric shape or of similar workpieces with shapeless material. In each case, the cohesion is created locally and increased as a whole."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8585-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_214e9a99_58de_40e2_86cf_fa6aa1d180a8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Widening is tensile forming to increase the circumference of a hollow body. A distinction is made between: Widening, bulging."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; @@ -20218,6 +20192,12 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously owl:annotatedTarget "Machine"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin māchina (“a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick”), from Doric Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́), cognate with Attic Greek μηχᾰνή (mēkhanḗ, “a machine, engine, contrivance, device”), from which comes mechanical."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46f70544_818e_495e_99ef_d342c54ee7dc ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Shot peening is shot peening for shaping or straightening workpieces by introducing residual compressive stresses (from: DIN 8200/10.82)."^^xsd:string . + [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 13574:2015-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; @@ -20225,78 +20205,82 @@ Note 1 to entry: This term is often used in a non-technical context synonymously owl:annotatedTarget "Process for removing unwanted residual or waste material from a given product or material"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ; - owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). -https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO 14034:2016-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts or systems in order to solve a problem or to achieve an objective which can result in a product or process"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Equipment"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From French équipement, from équiper ‘equip’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 10210-3:2020-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fa330f7_3289_4228_81df_12ee8a9708ac ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process consisting of two steps: - first, the steel is heated in a quenching treatment to a temperature above Ac3 and then rapidly cooled in a liquid to produce a process-specific grain structure; - subsequently, the steel is heated to a specific temperature during tempering to set the desired property and cooled in air."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13831:2007-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecf78412_f0ca_4368_9078_559ffe8935d3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of vessel parts from a flat mould into a three-dimensional shape by means of a press and tools, whereby material is neither removed nor added"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "ManufacturedProduct"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manufacture: \"made by hand\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.collinsdictionary.com/it/dizionario/inglese/technology"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecc10f05_b301_4dcf_8c84_b6f511117234 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "TangibleProduct"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From late Latin tangibilis, from tangere ‘to touch’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 14943:2006-03"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix."^^xsd:string . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "EN 16603-11:2019-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget "application of scientific knowledge, tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or achieve an objective"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Quantum"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin quantum (plural quanta) \"as much as, so much as\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Technology is the application of knowledge for achieving practical goals in a reproducible way."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:tr:52906:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.9"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_03441eb3_d1fd_4906_b953_b83312d7589e ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO/ASTM TR 52906:2022 Additive manufacturing -sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or improve mechanical properties via solid state diffusion"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6800c3fd_bf5d_4a2a_8e6e_9e909eefc16c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other (from: DIN 8583 Part 3/05.70)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0c7ad550_00ae_45ff_a4e2_58d6a61f48eb ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain"^^xsd:string . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 14943:2006-03"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b9cbfb5_dbd0_4a68_9c6f_acc41b40dd72 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Conversion of materials and assembly of components for the manufacture of products"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 13956:2013-03"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d5f98475_00ce_4987_99fb_262aed395e46 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Mechanical separation of workpieces without the formation of shapeless material, i.e. also without chips (chipless)."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_06c415dc_ba26_407d_b596_283bd4d9a66f ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Joining process by softening the surfaces to be joined, either by heat or with a solvent (swelling welding, solvent welding), and pressing the softened surfaces together."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_46dc0d51_b60f_49cd_8650_9aba7be3726c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Verfestigen durch Umformen"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Engineered"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin ingenium \"innate qualities, ability; inborn character,\" in Late Latin \"a war engine, battering ram\"; literally \"that which is inborn,\" from in- (\"in\") + gignere (\"give birth, beget\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8593-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20305,41 +20289,22 @@ sintering: process of heating a powder metal compact to increase density and/or owl:annotatedTarget "A collective term for the processes in which, during joining, the parts to be joined and any auxiliary parts are essentially only elastically deformed and unintentional loosening is prevented by frictional connection."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "ISO/TR 10809-1:2009, 0000_19"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7cd8a4ec_b219_498e_b696_028257163aa4 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Heat treatment process that generally produces martensite in the matrix."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8580:2022-12"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fc859d37_408d_44b6_b345_a0ea0b65121e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing by changing the properties of the material of which a workpiece is made, which is done, among other things, by changes in the submicroscopic or atomic range, e.g. by diffusion of atoms, generation and movement of dislocations in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, and where unavoidable changes in shape are not part of the essence of these processes."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f46c5ab_1c21_4639_90d5_3c4ebf3b156b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Nailing is joining by hammering or pressing nails (wire pins) as auxiliary parts into the solid material. Several parts are joined by pressing them together (from: DIN 8593 part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8584-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8586:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6fba4018_24bd_450c_abc3_354e2c7809c9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a combined tensile and compressive stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_aced32dd_1a13_49b0_8d8f_c79313942d19 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by a bending stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3252:ed-5:v1:en:term:3.3.55"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2b524942_4e3e_403a_b4ab_2b53750f3d3b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 3252:2019 Powder metallurgy -reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixture react during sintering"""@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_494b372c_cfdf_47d3_a4de_5e037c540de8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Device"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French \"deviser\", meaning: arrange, plan, contrive. Literally \"dispose in portions,\" from Vulgar Latin \"divisare\", frequentative of Latin dividere, meaning \"to divide\"."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8588:2013-08"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1d6b63d5_9938_483c_ad62_a09ac34153c9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting workpieces between two cutting edges that move past each other (see Figure 1 [see figure in the standard])."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_91c2db4b_83e2_4c36_aadf_453acc72e6d2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Continuous or stepwise pressure forming with one or more rotating tools (rollers), without or with additional tools, e.g. plugs or mandrels, rods, guide tools"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8887:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.1.5"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20349,42 +20314,28 @@ reaction sintering: process wherein at least two constituents of a powder mixtur manufacturing: production of components"""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en . - -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 472/A1:2019-03"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8590 Berichtigung 1:2004-02"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_f5655090_2266_41cb_b2e9_3b4569c45731 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Type of scratching behaviour where the scratching force and the (displacement) deflection of the scratching tip are constant over the scratching distance during the test."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b8ce01a5_1e0c_4c69_8e54_7235fd4fe47e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A manufacturing process in which metallic material is anodically dissolved under the influence of an electric current and an electrolyte solution. The current flow can be caused either by connection to an external current source or due to local element formation on the workpiece (etching)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Manufacturing"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin manu factum (\"made by hand\")."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8587:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_22744495_4f32_4a17_b189_259c644268f9 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by shear stress."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-2:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20393,143 +20344,177 @@ manufacturing: production of components"""@en . owl:annotatedTarget "machining with a circular cutting movement in which the axis of rotation of the tool and the axis of the internal surface to be produced are identical and the feed movement is in the direction of this axis. The axis of rotation of the cutting movement maintains its position relative to the workpiece independently of the feed movement (axis of rotation workpiece-bound)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:18435:-1:ed-1:v1:en:term:3.16"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:seeAlso ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a4d66059_5dd3_4b90_b4cb_10960559441b ; - owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 18435-1:2009 -manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information, energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area"""@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-3:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_44f91d47_3faf_48e2_844c_d44bbe3e22f6 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Machining with a circular cutting movement, usually associated with a multi-toothed tool, and with a feed movement perpendicular or oblique to the axis of rotation of the tool, to produce any workpiece surface."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8589-6:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c7d004db_59fa_5ae3_adb1_e75736aa721a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Cutting with circular or straight cutting motion, using a multi-toothed tool of small cutting width, the cutting motion being performed by the tool"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_86ca9b93_1183_4b65_81b8_c0fcd3bba5ad ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Artifact"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin arte ‘by or using art’ + factum ‘something made’."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 55405:2014-12"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN 62047-1:2016-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c790c7ff_2d10_4336_94ad_4f4e173109a9 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Method of joining metallic materials with the aid of a molten filler metal (solder), optionally with the use of flow agents"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ecc10f05_b301_4dcf_8c84_b6f511117234 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Process for joining two (base) materials by means of an adhesive polymer material"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/workpiece"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN EN ISO 5349-2:2015-12"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_479db031_b344_4488_9efa_4bc12c6c1765 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The raw material or partially finished piece that is shaped by performing various operations."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedTarget "Object that is processed with a machine"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 8583-1:2003-09"^^xsd:string ; + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-3:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_39d5c9c4_7d24_4409_ba3b_60ca3afde902 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Forming of a solid body, whereby the plastic state is essentially brought about by uniaxial or multiaxial compressive stress."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7432b843_cfd2_4345_a3d2_eaa539b27e61 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Free forming is pressure forming with tools that do not or only partially contain the shape of the workpiece and move against each other."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Collection"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "DIN 65099-5:1989-11"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_410b5956_a06d_4370_b7df_b1bd2126fb4b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Screwing (screwing on, screwing in, screwing tight) is joining by pressing on by means of a self-locking thread (from: DIN 8593 Part 3/09.85)."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isCauseOf"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; - owl:annotatedTarget ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property."^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. +The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. +The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. +Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). +Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en . + +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing parthood reflexivity."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget _:95 ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:106 ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "All EMMO individuals are part of the most comprehensive entity which is the universe."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Collection"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin collectio, from colligere ‘gather together’."@en . + [] a swrl:Imp ; - rdfs:comment "Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities."^^rdfs:Literal ; + rdfs:comment "Implementation of equality based on mereology."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "EMMO"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "EMMO is the acronym of Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d67ee67e_4fac_4676_82c9_aec361dba698 ; + owl:annotatedTarget ":isCauseOf owl:propertyDisjointWith :overlaps"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Due to the transitivity characteristic of :overlaps subclasses, that makes it a composite property."^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalChain"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French chaine, chaene (“chain”), from Latin catēna (“chain”)."@en . + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalPath"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos, “path”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary"@en ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Item"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin item, \"likewise, just so, moreover\"."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:argument2 ; swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing parthood reflexivity."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e7aac247_31d6_4b2e_9fd2_e842b1b7ccac ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalSystem"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠν- (sun-, prefix meaning ‘with, together’) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”)."@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for parthood."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_6835537c_d294_4005_a770_ec9621f29ed1 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:SameIndividualAtom ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalObject"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://www.w3.org/TR/2012/REC-owl2-syntax-20121211/#Global_Restrictions_on_Axioms_in_OWL_2_DL"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c6e77b51_681b_4d04_b20d_a08f2b977470 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Axiom not included in the theory because of OWL 2 DL global restrictions for decidability."@en . + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; @@ -20547,42 +20532,52 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing exclusivity between overlapping and causality."@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; + rdfs:comment "Ensure that the hasNext relation expresses a strictly one-way causality arrow between two entities."^^rdfs:Literal ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; - rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_499e24a5_5072_4c83_8625_fe3f96ae4a8d ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; + swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; + rdf:rest () ] . + +[] a swrl:Imp ; + swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; + rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; + swrl:argument1 ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; + rdf:rest () ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_9380ab64_0363_4804_b13f_3a8a94119a76 ] ; + swrl:argument2 ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_01e5766d_dac3_4574_8a78_310de92a5c9d ] ; rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Transitivity for proper parthood."@en . + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing the fact that an entity cannot cause itself."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . + rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; + owl:annotatedTarget """Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. +Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users."""@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8a8f664b_dc59_4e00_ae00_81fdf1e1d12e ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Locator\" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network \"location\")."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e94a9156_fb6c_4e16_88ee_829ac9933155 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention"^^xsd:string . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_db99b1e5_2f34_467b_a784_d104946d9f00 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Name\" (URN) has been used historically to refer to both URIs under the \"urn\" scheme [RFC2141], which are required to remain globally unique and persistent even when the resource ceases to exist or becomes unavailable, and to any other URI with the properties of a name."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20590,6 +20585,12 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6470bbfa_04a6_4360_9534_1aa18d68329b ; owl:annotatedTarget "A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_65411b3d_c8d3_4111_86a9_a2ce0a64c647 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; @@ -20597,17 +20598,10 @@ manufacturing process: set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From soft +‎ -ware, by contrast with hardware (“the computer itself”). Coined by Paul Niquette in 1953."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; - owl:annotatedTarget """Software is usually used as a generic term for programs. However, in its broadest sense it can refer to all information (i.e., both programs and data) in electronic form and can provide a distinction from hardware, which refers to computers or other electronic systems on which software can exist and be use. -Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code, script files) that takes part to the building of the executable, are necessary to the execution of a program or that document it for the users."""@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e94a9156_fb6c_4e16_88ee_829ac9933155 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A path is a string of characters used to uniquely identify a location in a directory structure according to a particular convention."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Universal_Naming_Convention"^^xsd:string . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c15f8c4_d2de_47a0_acdd_470b8dda979b ; + owl:annotatedTarget "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/source_code.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20616,22 +20610,16 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "Source code (also referred to as source or code) is the version of software as it is originally written (i.e., typed into a computer) by a human in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/"^^xsd:anyURI ; + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5c15f8c4_d2de_47a0_acdd_470b8dda979b ; - owl:annotatedTarget "An Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a compact sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. It is similar to URI, but greatly extends the allowed character set from ASCII to the Universal Character Set."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "http://www.linfo.org/program.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_65411b3d_c8d3_4111_86a9_a2ce0a64c647 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A program is a sequence of instructions understandable by a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that indicates which operations the computer should perform on a set of data."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8a8f664b_dc59_4e00_ae00_81fdf1e1d12e ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The term \"Uniform Resource Locator\" (URL) refers to the subset of URIs that, in addition to identifying a resource, provide a means of locating the resource by describing its primary access mechanism (e.g., its network \"location\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/fr/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en"@en ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8681074a_e225_4e38_b586_e85b0f43ce38 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "All or part of the programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation of an information processing system."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20639,18 +20627,18 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code owl:annotatedTarget "Computation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin con- +‎ putō (“I reckon”)."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :StepChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_e97af6ec_4371_4bbc_8936_34b76e33302f ; owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://emmc.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/CWA_17284.pdf"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:isDefinedBy ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b29fd350_39aa_4af7_9459_3faa0544cba6 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CEN Workshop Agreement – CWA 17284 “Materials modelling – terminology, classification and metadata”"@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1eed0732_e3f1_4b2c_a9c4_b4e75eeb5895 ; @@ -20669,30 +20657,24 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "4"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Language"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”)."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_057e7d57_aff0_49de_911a_8861d85cef40 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Symbolic"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek σύμβολον (súmbolon, “a sign by which one infers something; a mark, token, badge, ticket, tally, check, a signal, watchword, outward sign”), from συμβάλλω (sumbállō, “I throw together, dash together, compare, correspond, tally, come to a conclusion”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, put”)."^^xsd:string . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d8d2144e_5c8d_455d_a643_5caf4d8d9df8 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Language"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Dedomena"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Greek, nominative plural form of δεδομένο (dedoméno) (data, information)"@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Data"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3e7add3d_e6ed_489a_a796_8e31fef9b490 ; @@ -20700,59 +20682,77 @@ Here we explicitly include in the definition also all the data (e.g. source code We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is covered by the semiotic perspective."""@en ; ns1:EMMO_b432d2d5_25f4_4165_99c5_5935a7763c1a "The electronical state of the RAM of my laptop is decoded by it as ASCII characters and printed on the screen."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :CyclicChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1e877c70_3b01_45a8_a8f6_8ce4f6a24660 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Data"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin data, nominative plural of datum (“that is given”), neuter past participle of dō (“I give”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_49267eba_5548_4163_8f36_518d65b583f9 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Perspective"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From medieval Latin perspectiva ‘(science of) optics’, from perspect- ‘looked at closely’, from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look’."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps."@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation"^^xsd:anyURI . + [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 ] ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Existent"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en . + dcterms:source "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_b2282816_b7a3_44c6_b2cb_3feff1ceb7fe ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_65a2c5b8_e4d8_4a51_b2f8_e55effc0547d ] ; rdf:rest [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_36c79456_e29c_400d_8bd3_0eedddb82652 ] ; + swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_92829beb_6ed4_4c88_bbd5_3bc7403e2895 ] ; rdf:rest () ] ] ; swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; swrl:argument1 ; swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_f68030be_94b8_4c61_a161_886468558054 ] ; + swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_2a33ee61_8235_4da4_b9a1_ca62cb87a016 ] ; rdf:rest () ] . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_ee0466e4_780d_4236_8281_ace7ad3fc5d2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "A tessellation (or tiling) is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation"^^xsd:anyURI . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_52211e5e_d767_4812_845e_eb6b402c476a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Existent"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "ex-sistere (latin): to stay (to persist through time) outside others of the same type (to be distinct from the rest)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20766,24 +20766,6 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "Property"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin proprietas (“a peculiarity, one's peculiar nature or quality, right or fact of possession, property”), from proprius (“special, particular, one's own”)."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Estimation"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_theory_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce#II._Icon,_index,_symbol"^^xsd:anyURI ; owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; @@ -20794,17 +20776,23 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c (c) the metaphor, which represents the representative character of a sign by representing a parallelism in something else [Wikipedia]"""@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the stripping potentiogram shows staircase curves of potential as a function of time. Frequently, the first derivative is displayed (dE/dt=f(t)), as this produces peak-shaped signals. The time between transitions (peaks) is proportional to the concentration of analyte in the test solution"@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Icon"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f2d1fcc_e20c_4479_9ad7_7a0480dd3e44 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "AnalogicalIcon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek ἀναλογία (analogía), from ἀνά (aná) + λόγος (lógos, “speech, reckoning”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + dcterms:source "International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org"^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . + owl:annotatedSource :Electrogravimetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20812,24 +20800,48 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "Cogniser"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin cognitio (“knowledge, perception, a judicial examination, trial”), from cognitus, past participle of cognoscere (“to know”), from co- (“together”) + *gnoscere, older form of noscere (“to know”"@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialStaircasePulseVoltammetry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a staircase potential ramp."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_8c537c06_8e1d_4a3b_a251_1c89bb2c4790 ; owl:annotatedTarget "ResemblanceIcon"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Old French sambler, sembler, from Late Latin similāre, present active infinitive of similō, from Latin similis, from Proto-Italic *semalis, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”)."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Index"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”)."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3b19eab4_79be_4b02_bdaf_ecf1f0067a68 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Observation"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin observare (“to watch, note, mark, heed, guard, keep, pay attention to, regard, comply with, etc.”), from ob (“before”) + servare (“to keep”),"@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "the time between changes in potential in step 2 is related to the concentration of analyte in the solution"@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_1c0b22a2_be82_4fa8_9e2b_a569a625d442 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Estimation"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin aestimatus (“to value, rate, esteem”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Model"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin modus (“measure”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Icon"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek εἰκών (eikṓn, “likeness, image, portrait”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_d7788d1a_020d_4c78_85a1_13563fcec168 ; @@ -20837,22 +20849,16 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin simulacrum (\"likeness, semblance\")"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0650c031_42b6_4f0a_b62d_d88f071da6bf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "measurand"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity."@en . + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0cd58641_824c_4851_907f_f4c3be76630c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Index"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin index (“a discoverer, informer, spy; of things, an indicator, the forefinger, a title, superscription”), from indicō (“point out, show”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.iso.org/standard/45324.html"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -20861,16 +20867,16 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget "A measurement is the process of experimentally obtaining one or more measurement results that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure"^^xsd:anyURI ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en . + rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_985bec21_989f_4b9e_a4b3_735d88099c3c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Metrology is the science of measurement and its application and includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurement, whatever the measurement uncertainty and field of application (VIM3 2.2)"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; - owl:annotatedTarget "IntentionalProcess"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere (\"stretching out\")"@en . + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_bb49844b_45d7_4f0d_8cae_8e552cbc20d6 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0650c031_42b6_4f0a_b62d_d88f071da6bf ; + owl:annotatedTarget "measurand"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "VIM defines measurand as a quantity intended to be measured. This is redundant in EMMO and correspond to Quantity."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20885,6 +20891,24 @@ We call "interpreting" the act of providing semantic meaning to data, which is c owl:annotatedTarget """ISO 55000:2014 organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives"""@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_bafc17b5_9be4_4823_8bbe_ab4e90b6738c ; + owl:annotatedTarget "IntentionalProcess"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin intentionem, derived from intendere (\"stretching out\")"@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/procedure"^^xsd:anyURI ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_472a0ca2_58bf_4618_b561_6fe68bd9fd49 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks (Wiktionary)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Fundamental"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”)."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; @@ -20897,24 +20921,18 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi owl:annotatedTarget "Lifetime"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Middle English liftime, equivalent to life +‎ time."@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Part"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :CyclicChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the change in applied current undergoes a cyclic current reversal"@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; owl:annotatedTarget "Wholistic"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From the word 'holistic' with the 'w-' prefix, due to the affinity with the existing word 'whole', that share the same meaning of 'holos'."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_4f226cf3_6d02_4d35_8566_a9e641bc6ff3 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Part"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin partire, partiri ‘divide, share’."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0277f24a_ea7f_4917_81b7_fb0406c8fc62 ; @@ -20922,10 +20940,10 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "Holism (from Greek ὅλος holos \"all, whole, entire\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_57c75ca1_bf8a_42bc_85d9_58cfe38c7df2 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Fundamental"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin fundamentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”)."@en . + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; @@ -20951,29 +20969,14 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi owl:annotatedSource :DifferentialLinearPulseVoltammetry ; owl:annotatedTarget "Differential Pulse Voltammetry in which small potential pulses are superimposed onto a linearly varying potential."@en . -[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; - owl:members ( :CalibrationProcess :CharacterisationDataValidation :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess :DataAnalysis :DataPostProcessing :DataPreparation :SampleExtraction :SampleInspection :SamplePreparation ) . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; - owl:annotatedTarget "two-step electrochemical measurement in which 1) material is accumulated at an electrode and 2) the material is removed by chemical reaction or electrochemically at constant current with measurement of electrode potential"@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), IEC 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, retrieved from: https://www.electropedia.org"^^xsd:string ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :Electrogravimetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "method of electroanalytical chemistry used to separate by electrolyse ions of a substance and to derive the amount of this substance from the increase in mass of an electrode."@en . + owl:annotatedSource :StepChronopotentiometry ; + owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed in steps"@en . [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; - owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :CreepTesting :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :FatigueTesting :FibDic :HardnessTesting :Nanoindentation :ShearOrTorsionTesting :TensileTesting :WearTesting ) . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109."^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :LinearChronopotentiometry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "chronopotentiometry where the applied current is changed linearly"@en . + owl:members ( :CalibrationProcess :CharacterisationDataValidation :CharacterisationMeasurementProcess :DataAnalysis :DataPostProcessing :DataPreparation :SampleExtraction :SampleInspection :SamplePreparation ) . [] a owl:Axiom ; dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; @@ -20981,31 +20984,20 @@ organization: person or group of people that has its own functions with responsi owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; owl:annotatedTarget "the accumulation is similar to that used in stripping voltammetry"@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - dcterms:source "Scholz F, Nitschke L, Henrion G (1989) Naturwiss 76:71;"^^xsd:string ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_967080e5_2f42_4eb2_a3a9_c58143e835f9 ; - owl:annotatedSource :AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry ; - owl:annotatedTarget "electrochemical method where traces of solid particles are abrasively transferred onto the surface of an electrode, followed by an electrochemical dissolution (anodic or cathodic dissolution) that is recorded as a current–voltage curve"@en . +[] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; + owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :CreepTesting :DynamicMechanicalAnalysis :FatigueTesting :FibDic :HardnessTesting :Nanoindentation :ShearOrTorsionTesting :TensileTesting :WearTesting ) . -[] a swrl:Imp ; - swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:ClassAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:classPredicate ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - swrl:head [ a swrl:AtomList ; - rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; - swrl:argument1 ; - swrl:argument2 ; - swrl:propertyPredicate ns1:EMMO_d893d373_b579_4867_841e_1c2b31a8d2c6 ] ; - rdf:rest () ] ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing reflexivity of overlapping."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0f795e3e_c602_4577_9a43_d5a231aa1360 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Elementary"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:73 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every entity is made of quantum parts. This axiomatisation is the expression of the radical reductionistic approach of the EMMO."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; rdfs:isDefinedBy "https://dictionary.iucr.org/Crystal"^^xsd:anyURI ; @@ -21018,25 +21010,37 @@ A solid is a crystal if it has essentially a sharp diffraction pattern. The word H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . - -[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_0bb3b434_73aa_428f_b4e8_2a2468648e19 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Crystal"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”)."@en . [] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + rdfs:seeAlso "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary"@en ; + owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Definitions are usually taken from Wiktionary."@en . + +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . + [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . [] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . +[] owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . + [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b5a5494c_83bf_44aa_a9a6_49b948e68939 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Boson"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Particle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; @@ -21044,23 +21048,35 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . owl:annotatedTarget "The subject of condensed matter physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases which arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms. More generally, the subject deals with \"condensed\" phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong interactions between them."@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics"@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + dcterms:source "J. M. Pingarrón et al., Terminology of electrochemical methods of analysis (IUPAC Recommendations 2019), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 4, 92, 2020, 641-694. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0109"^^xsd:string ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:comment ; + owl:annotatedSource :PotentiometricStrippingAnalysis ; + owl:annotatedTarget "historically for the analysis of metal ions, mercury ions were added to the test solution to form a mercury amalgam when reduced. Alternatively, an HMDE or MFE was used and the oxidizing agent added after amalgam formation. However, the toxicity of mercury and its compounds have all but precluded the present-day use of mercury"@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Matter"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3733bd38_ca2b_4264_a92a_3075a1715598 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "isPredecessorOf"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin prae (\"beforehand\") and decedere (\"depart\")."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_a15cea10_9946_4d2b_95c5_cfc333fd2abb ; - owl:annotatedTarget "Particle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_b5a5494c_83bf_44aa_a9a6_49b948e68939 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Boson"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "PhysicalObject"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_5b2222df_4da6_442f_8244_96e9e45887d1 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "Matter"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin materia (“matter, stuff, material”), from mater (“mother”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty rdfs:subClassOf ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_2d2ecd97_067f_4d0e_950c_d746b7700a31 ; + owl:annotatedTarget _:82 ; + ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Every collection has at least two item members, since a collection of one item is a self-connected entity (and then an item)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f ; @@ -21070,40 +21086,11 @@ H=∑ni=1hia∗i (n≥3)"""^^xsd:string . The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but there can be several immiscible phases of the same state of matter. Also, the term phase is sometimes used to refer to a set of equilibrium states demarcated in terms of state variables such as pressure and temperature by a phase boundary on a phase diagram. Because phase boundaries relate to changes in the organization of matter, such as a change from liquid to solid or a more subtle change from one crystal structure to another, this latter usage is similar to the use of "phase" as a synonym for state of matter. However, the state of matter and phase diagram usages are not commensurate with the formal definition given above and the intended meaning must be determined in part from the context in which the term is used."""@en ; ns1:EMMO_c84c6752_6d64_48cc_9500_e54a3c34898d "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)"@en . -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_70fe84ff_99b6_4206_a9fc_9a8931836d84 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget "The disjoint union of the Item and Collection classes."@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f """The union implies that world entities can only be items or collections (standing for a collection of causally disconnected items). -Disjointness means that a collection cannot be an item and viceversa, representing the fact that a world entity cannot be causally self-connected and non-self connected at the same time."""@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_c5ddfdba_c074_4aa4_ad6b_1ac4942d300d ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalStructure"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin causa (“reason, sake, cause”), and from Latin struere (“arrange, assemble, build”)."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a ; - owl:annotatedTarget "FundamentalBoson"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . - -[] a owl:Axiom ; - owl:annotatedProperty ns1:EMMO_31252f35_c767_4b97_a877_1235076c3e13 ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_802d3e92_8770_4f98_a289_ccaaab7fdddf ; - owl:annotatedTarget """The EMMO conceptualises the world using the primitive concepts of causality and parthood. Parthood is about the composition of world entities starting from other more fundamental entities. Causality is about the interactions between world entities. -The quantum is the smallest indivisible part of any world entity. Quantum individuals are the fundamental causal constituents of the universe, since it is implied that causality originates from quantum-to-quantum interactions. Quantums are no-dimensional, and their aggregation makes spacetime emerge from their causal structure. Causality between macro entities (i.e. entities made of more than one quantum) is explained as the sum of the causality relations between their quantum constituents. -The fundamental distinction between world entities is direct causality self-connectedness: a world entity can be self-connected xor not self-connected depending on the causality network of its fundamental components. -Void regions do not exist in the EMMO, or in other words there is no spacetime without entities, since space and time are measured quantities following a causality relation between entities (spacetime emerges as relational property not as a self-standing entity). -Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative between entities and are measured. In other words, space and time relations originates from causality interactions."""@en ; - ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "While EMMO mereocausality conceptualisation can be used on any possibile domain, so that a quantum can be a Lego brick or an furniture component, it can be better understood when a quantum is elucidated as the smallest measured time interval of existence of an elementary particle (e.g. quark, photon)."@en . - [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; - owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 ; - owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; - ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_38b579de_4331_40e0_803d_09efa298e726 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "PhysicalObject"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin physica \"study of nature\" (and Ancient Greek φυσικός, “natural”), and Medieval Latin obiectum (“object”, literally “thrown against”)."@en . [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:altLabel ; @@ -21111,6 +21098,13 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_3f2e4ac2_8ef3_4a14_b826_60d37f15f8ee ; + owl:annotatedTarget "mereological"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 """Coined by Stanisław Leśniewski in 1927, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “part”) +‎ -logy (“study, discussion, science”). +https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mereology"""@en . + [] a swrl:Imp ; swrl:body [ a swrl:AtomList ; rdf:first [ a swrl:IndividualPropertyAtom ; @@ -21126,24 +21120,36 @@ Entities are not placed in space or time: space and time are always relative bet rdf:rest () ] ; ns1:EMMO_c7b62dd7_063a_4c2a_8504_42f7264ba83f "Enforcing a strict one-way causality direction."@en . +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_6c03574f_6daa_4488_a970_ee355cca2530 ; + owl:annotatedTarget "CausalParticle"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”)."@en . + +[] a owl:Axiom ; + owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; + owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_fa3c9d4d_9fc9_4e8a_82c1_28c84e34133a ; + owl:annotatedTarget "FundamentalBoson"@en ; + ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "1940s: named after S.N. Bose."@en . + [] a owl:Axiom ; owl:annotatedProperty skos:prefLabel ; owl:annotatedSource ns1:EMMO_7b79b2ac_3cf2_4d3b_8cdc_bcabb59d869e ; owl:annotatedTarget "ElementaryParticle"@en ; ns1:EMMO_705f27ae_954c_4f13_98aa_18473fc52b25 "From Latin elementārius (“elementary”), from elementum (“one of the four elements of antiquity; fundamentals”)."@en . -_:153 owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f . +_:138 owl:inverseOf ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f . -_:107 a owl:Restriction ; - owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; - owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; - owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 . +_:106 a owl:Restriction ; + owl:hasValue ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ; + owl:onProperty _:138 . -_:94 a owl:Restriction ; +_:73 a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_17e27c22_37e1_468c_9dd7_95e137f73e7f ; owl:someValuesFrom ns1:EMMO_3f9ae00e_810c_4518_aec2_7200e424cf68 . -_:95 a owl:Restriction ; - owl:hasValue ns1:EMMO_08cb807c_e626_447b_863f_e2835540e918 ; - owl:onProperty _:153 . +_:82 a owl:Restriction ; + owl:minQualifiedCardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; + owl:onClass ns1:EMMO_eb3a768e_d53e_4be9_a23b_0714833c36de ; + owl:onProperty ns1:EMMO_6b7276a4_4b9d_440a_b577_0277539c0fc4 . diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js index 38ba71f..772cdb2 100644 --- a/searchindex.js +++ b/searchindex.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -Search.setIndex({"alltitles": {"ACVoltammetry": [[0, "acvoltammetry"]], "AbrasiveStrippingVoltammetry": [[0, "abrasivestrippingvoltammetry"]], "AccessConditions": [[0, "accessconditions"]], "AdsorptiveStrippingVoltammetry": [[0, "adsorptivestrippingvoltammetry"]], "AlphaSpectrometry": [[0, "alphaspectrometry"]], "Amperometry": [[0, "amperometry"]], "AnalyticalElectronMicroscopy": [[0, "analyticalelectronmicroscopy"]], "AnodicStrippingVoltammetry": [[0, "anodicstrippingvoltammetry"]], "AtomProbeTomography": [[0, "atomprobetomography"]], "AtomicForceMicroscopy": [[0, "atomicforcemicroscopy"]], "BPMNDiagram": [[0, "bpmndiagram"]], "BrunauerEmmettTellerMethod": [[0, "brunaueremmetttellermethod"]], "CalibrationData": [[0, "calibrationdata"]], "CalibrationDataPostProcessing": [[0, "calibrationdatapostprocessing"]], "CalibrationProcess": [[0, "calibrationprocess"]], "CalibrationTask": [[0, "calibrationtask"]], "Calorimetry": [[0, "calorimetry"]], "CathodicStrippingVoltammetry": [[0, "cathodicstrippingvoltammetry"]], "CharacterisationComponent": [[0, "characterisationcomponent"]], "CharacterisationData": [[0, "characterisationdata"]], "CharacterisationDataValidation": [[0, "characterisationdatavalidation"]], "CharacterisationEnvironment": [[0, "characterisationenvironment"]], "CharacterisationEnvironmentProperty": [[0, "characterisationenvironmentproperty"]], "CharacterisationExperiment": [[0, "characterisationexperiment"]], "CharacterisationHardware": [[0, "characterisationhardware"]], 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"DirectCoulometryAtControlledPotential": [[0, "directcoulometryatcontrolledpotential"]], "DirectCurrentInternalResistance": [[0, "directcurrentinternalresistance"]], "DynamicLightScattering": [[0, "dynamiclightscattering"]], "DynamicMechanicalAnalysis": [[0, "dynamicmechanicalanalysis"]], "DynamicMechanicalSpectroscopy": [[0, "dynamicmechanicalspectroscopy"]], "ElectrochemicalImpedanceSpectroscopy": [[0, "electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy"]], "ElectrochemicalPiezoelectricMicrogravimetry": [[0, "electrochemicalpiezoelectricmicrogravimetry"]], "ElectrochemicalTesting": [[0, "electrochemicaltesting"]], "Electrogravimetry": [[0, "electrogravimetry"]], "ElectronBackscatterDiffraction": [[0, "electronbackscatterdiffraction"]], "ElectronProbeMicroanalysis": [[0, "electronprobemicroanalysis"]], "Ellipsometry": [[0, "ellipsometry"]], "EnergyDispersiveXraySpectroscopy": [[0, "energydispersivexrayspectroscopy"]], "EnvironmentalScanningElectronMicroscopy": [[0, "environmentalscanningelectronmicroscopy"]], "Exafs": [[0, "exafs"]], "FatigueTesting": [[0, "fatiguetesting"]], "FibDic": [[0, "fibdic"]], "FieldEmissionScanningElectronMicroscopy": [[0, "fieldemissionscanningelectronmicroscopy"]], "FourierTransformInfraredSpectroscopy": [[0, "fouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy"]], "Fractography": [[0, "fractography"]], "FreezingPointDepressionOsmometry": [[0, "freezingpointdepressionosmometry"]], "GalvanostaticIntermittentTitrationTechnique": [[0, "galvanostaticintermittenttitrationtechnique"]], "GammaSpectrometry": [[0, "gammaspectrometry"]], "GasAdsorptionPorosimetry": [[0, "gasadsorptionporosimetry"]], "Grinding": [[0, "grinding"]], "HPPC": [[0, "hppc"]], "HardnessTesting": [[0, "hardnesstesting"]], "HardwareManufacturer": [[0, "hardwaremanufacturer"]], "HardwareModel": [[0, "hardwaremodel"]], "Hazard": [[0, "hazard"]], "Holder": [[0, "holder"]], "HydrodynamicVoltammetry": [[0, "hydrodynamicvoltammetry"]], "ICI": [[0, "ici"]], "Impedimetry": [[0, "impedimetry"]], "InteractionVolume": [[0, "interactionvolume"]], "IntermediateSample": [[0, "intermediatesample"]], "IonChromatography": [[0, "ionchromatography"]], "IonMobilitySpectrometry": [[0, "ionmobilityspectrometry"]], "IsothermalMicrocalorimetry": [[0, "isothermalmicrocalorimetry"]], "Laboratory": [[0, "laboratory"]], "LevelOfAutomation": [[0, "levelofautomation"]], "LevelOfExpertise": [[0, "levelofexpertise"]], "LightScattering": [[0, "lightscattering"]], "LinearChronopotentiometry": [[0, "linearchronopotentiometry"]], "LinearScanVoltammetry": [[0, "linearscanvoltammetry"]], "MassSpectrometry": [[0, "massspectrometry"]], "MeasurementDataPostProcessing": [[0, "measurementdatapostprocessing"]], "MeasurementParameter": [[0, "measurementparameter"]], "MeasurementSystemAdjustment": [[0, "measurementsystemadjustment"]], "MeasurementTime": [[0, "measurementtime"]], "MechanicalTesting": [[0, "mechanicaltesting"]], "MembraneOsmometry": [[0, "membraneosmometry"]], 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