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限流器 Aspect（简化版）

这是 ShiningRay 提供的限流器 Aspect 的简化版，用于限制某些智能合约的请求速率。

典型场景：

  • 在空投中，限制每个地址的领取频率。
  • 对于有影响力的项目，保护其免受 DDoS 攻击。

解决的问题

在很多场景中， 我们不希望某些特定的接口、方法被频繁调用， 因此提出了限流的概念。 例如， 在网页前端使用键入同时触发搜索的功能， 为了防止用户频繁触发搜索， 我们可以设置一个时间间隔， 在这个时间间隔内， 用户只能触发一次搜索。 同样在区块链中， 也有类似的场景： 例如， 在空投中， 我们不希望用户频繁领取空投， 因此， 我们可以设置一个时间间隔在这个时间间隔内， 用户只能领取一次空投。

项目设计

实现

通过 Aspect 的 mutableState 储存方法的调用信息，并在 PreContractCall 切点中检查方法调用的频率。如果超过限制，交易将被中止。

与纯 EVM 实现的对比

EVM生态中可以在合约中实现限流功能， 但如果合约尚未考虑限流逻辑的话， 升级合约相对麻烦， 通过 Aspect 可以在不修改合约的情况下， 为合约增加限流功能。

运行方式

创建地址

$ npm run account:create
address:  0x6B70B03B608a19Bf1817848A4C8FFF844f0Be0fB

脚本将在项目目录中创建一个名为 privateKey.txt 的私钥文件。您也可以输入自己的私钥。记录下您的地址，然后您可以去 Artela 的 Discord 水龙头中申请测试币。

编译和部署合约

$ npm run contract:build

$ npm run contract:deploy

> contract:deploy
> node scripts/contract-deploy.cjs --name Counter

from address:  0x6B70B03B608a19Bf1817848A4C8FFF844f0Be0fB
(node:87588) ExperimentalWarning: The Fetch API is an experimental feature. This feature could change at any time
(Use `node --trace-warnings ...` to show where the warning was created)
deploy contract tx hash: 0x55d445796c0bc4435e827e88ee35104205369c685d9f06bbfc42d37bd4229769
{
  blockHash: '0xb26ee4e2a2f24f1e10b13b9978ca16651f85ac862dd586770fa174dcdb325fd8',
  blockNumber: 2175119,
  contractAddress: '0x9CEAE67580eB1d82B9CeEe53e57f137f66D87d83',
  cumulativeGasUsed: 3500000,
  from: '0x6b70b03b608a19bf1817848a4c8fff844f0be0fb',
  gasUsed: 7000001,
  logs: [],
  logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
  status: true,
  to: null,
  transactionHash: '0x55d445796c0bc4435e827e88ee35104205369c685d9f06bbfc42d37bd4229769',
  transactionIndex: 0,
  type: '0x0'
}
contract address:  0x9CEAE67580eB1d82B9CeEe53e57f137f66D87d83
--contractAccount 0x6B70B03B608a19Bf1817848A4C8FFF844f0Be0fB --contractAddress 0x9CEAE67580eB1d82B9CeEe53e57f137f66D87d83

记住最后部署的合约地址，以便后续绑定。

编译 Aspect

$ npm run aspect:build

构建好之后，运行部署脚本。

$ node scripts/aspect-deploy.cjs --interval 5 --limit 2

from address:  0x6B70B03B608a19Bf1817848A4C8FFF844f0Be0fB
sending signed transaction...
{
  blockHash: '0xdaaa2b913be2bb3007a6324b1ac81f5c824a9d61e52775f0cf300b8d66b87967',
  blockNumber: 2177337,
  contractAddress: null,
  cumulativeGasUsed: 0,
  from: '0x6b70b03b608a19bf1817848a4c8fff844f0be0fb',
  gasUsed: 9000001,
  logs: [],
  logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
  status: true,
  to: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000a27e14',
  transactionHash: '0xf665be06dbd652060dda053beb599c0b9da710314d32a79b35189082f776ec58',
  transactionIndex: 0,
  type: '0x0',
  aspectAddress: '0x9AE212EFbc8935D95DD266947cDb231571c1A09e'
}
ret:  {
  blockHash: '0xdaaa2b913be2bb3007a6324b1ac81f5c824a9d61e52775f0cf300b8d66b87967',
  blockNumber: 2177337,
  contractAddress: null,
  cumulativeGasUsed: 0,
  from: '0x6b70b03b608a19bf1817848a4c8fff844f0be0fb',
  gasUsed: 9000001,
  logs: [],
  logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
  status: true,
  to: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000a27e14',
  transactionHash: '0xf665be06dbd652060dda053beb599c0b9da710314d32a79b35189082f776ec58',
  transactionIndex: 0,
  type: '0x0',
  aspectAddress: '0x9AE212EFbc8935D95DD266947cDb231571c1A09e'
}
== deploy aspectID == 0x9AE212EFbc8935D95DD266947cDb231571c1A09e

参数为：

  • interval：限流区块数量间隔
  • limit：每个间隔最多能执行的次数

记住最后的 aspectID，以便后续绑定。

绑定

执行 bind.cjs 脚本，并代入之前部署的合约地址（或者自己的合约地址）和 aspectID。

$ node scripts/bind.cjs --contract <CONTRACT_ADDRESS> --aspectId <ASPECT_ID>

sending signed transaction...
{
  blockHash: '0x619117094ee0083aafdb5400891c5e293976306d112e05a58d8836b24c808e68',
  blockNumber: 2175732,
  contractAddress: null,
  cumulativeGasUsed: 0,
  from: '0x6b70b03b608a19bf1817848a4c8fff844f0be0fb',
  gasUsed: 9000001,
  logs: [],
  logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
  status: true,
  to: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000a27e14',
  transactionHash: '0x59529c6cbb2658e9f8f70ae3848fd52990c2e3d96e0cf58c26b4a83e14e76f13',
  transactionIndex: 0,
  type: '0x0'
}
== aspect bind success ==

然后我们可以执行查询合约绑定的 Aspect 的脚本，检查合约是否绑定成功。

$ node scripts/query.cjs --contract <CONTRACT_ADDRESS>
bound aspects : 0x9AE212EFbc8935D95DD266947cDb231571c1A09e,1,1

输出中显示了上述的 aspectID，表示已经成功绑定。

测试

scripts/batch-test.cjs 会批量发送合约交易，用以测试限流功能。

$ node scripts/batch-test.cjs

#0
call contract tx hash: 0x8fbf4f2768e265045ee18a8d9c846a187656ff69b12c65776ac05958fe6ce6c9
#1
call contract tx hash: 0x7db621cbf06bed8d1569517292427ba06c65ab361ff8fc110ad2be3e6396b0c8
#2
call contract tx hash: 0x9d1c26f29a63f0b074a9743c0383a2e5d12eb3cd048627aa6cde98d9da6ad6be
#3
call contract tx hash: 0xbbc0452038fe672ad77b8acb16dc8ad7a4e12c00389aa24458762e30810b988c
#4
call contract tx hash: 0x2f678aebc6a635d490f1e306eab34a2fab9bdc3406598ed963378ccc97b40a28
#5
{
  blockHash: '0xe73887b147b24d68077b54ef4dc6d20a3682b895780c129f1c73c993c3f9f06c',
  blockNumber: 2177577,
  contractAddress: null,
  cumulativeGasUsed: 2000000,
  from: '0x6b70b03b608a19bf1817848a4c8fff844f0be0fb',
  gasUsed: 4000001,
  logs: [],
  logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
  status: true,
  to: '0x9ceae67580eb1d82b9ceee53e57f137f66d87d83',
  transactionHash: '0x8fbf4f2768e265045ee18a8d9c846a187656ff69b12c65776ac05958fe6ce6c9',
  transactionIndex: 0,
  type: '0x0'
}
call contract tx hash: 0x7db43657de0bd98ede59ece6ec54c5db1397998320cc9d4375848a04a9e19419
#6
/Users/shiningray/projects/personal/throttle-aspect/node_modules/web3-core-helpers/lib/errors.js:90
        var error = new Error(message);
                    ^

Error: Transaction has been reverted by the EVM:
{
  "blockHash": "0x81ce98a29a43349e5e23dee5e57ed6af94287f91c42eb018bdb6d92a357b7cd4",
  "blockNumber": 2177579,
  "contractAddress": null,
  "cumulativeGasUsed": 4000000,
  "from": "0x6b70b03b608a19bf1817848a4c8fff844f0be0fb",
  "gasUsed": 4000001,
  "logs": [],
  "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "status": false,
  "to": "0x9ceae67580eb1d82b9ceee53e57f137f66d87d83",
  "transactionHash": "0x9d1c26f29a63f0b074a9743c0383a2e5d12eb3cd048627aa6cde98d9da6ad6be",
  "transactionIndex": 1,
  "type": "0x0"
}
    at Object.TransactionError (/Users/shiningray/projects/personal/throttle-aspect/node_modules/web3-core-helpers/lib/errors.js:90:21)
    at Object.TransactionRevertedWithoutReasonError (/Users/shiningray/projects/personal/throttle-aspect/node_modules/web3-core-helpers/lib/errors.js:101:21)
    at /Users/shiningray/projects/personal/throttle-aspect/node_modules/@artela/web3-core-method/lib/index.js:456:57
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {
  receipt: {
    blockHash: '0x81ce98a29a43349e5e23dee5e57ed6af94287f91c42eb018bdb6d92a357b7cd4',
    blockNumber: 2177579,
    contractAddress: null,
    cumulativeGasUsed: 4000000,
    from: '0x6b70b03b608a19bf1817848a4c8fff844f0be0fb',
    gasUsed: 4000001,
    logs: [],
    logsBloom: '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
    status: false,
    to: '0x9ceae67580eb1d82b9ceee53e57f137f66d87d83',
    transactionHash: '0x9d1c26f29a63f0b074a9743c0383a2e5d12eb3cd048627aa6cde98d9da6ad6be',
    transactionIndex: 1,
    type: '0x0'
  }
}

脚本返回报错，表示限流器成功阻止了交易的成功。