diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 007cbb7..37ec609 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -226,12 +226,6 @@ version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f1fdabc7756949593fe60f30ec81974b613357de856987752631dea1e3394c80"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "base16ct"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4c7f02d4ea65f2c1853089ffd8d2787bdbc63de2f0d29dedbcf8ccdfa0ccd4cf"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "base64ct"
 version = "1.6.0"
@@ -597,18 +591,6 @@ version = "0.2.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7a81dae078cea95a014a339291cec439d2f232ebe854a9d672b796c6afafa9b7"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "crypto-bigint"
-version = "0.5.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0dc92fb57ca44df6db8059111ab3af99a63d5d0f8375d9972e319a379c6bab76"
-dependencies = [
- "generic-array 0.14.7",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "subtle",
- "zeroize",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
 version = "0.1.6"
@@ -669,7 +651,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "block-buffer 0.10.4",
  "const-oid",
  "crypto-common",
- "subtle",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -724,45 +705,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "wio",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ecdsa"
-version = "0.16.9"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee27f32b5c5292967d2d4a9d7f1e0b0aed2c15daded5a60300e4abb9d8020bca"
-dependencies = [
- "der",
- "digest 0.10.7",
- "elliptic-curve",
- "rfc6979",
- "signature",
- "spki",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
 version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "11157ac094ffbdde99aa67b23417ebdd801842852b500e395a45a9c0aac03e4a"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "elliptic-curve"
-version = "0.13.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b5e6043086bf7973472e0c7dff2142ea0b680d30e18d9cc40f267efbf222bd47"
-dependencies = [
- "base16ct",
- "crypto-bigint",
- "digest 0.10.7",
- "ff",
- "generic-array 0.14.7",
- "group",
- "pkcs8",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "sec1",
- "subtle",
- "zeroize",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "embedded-io"
 version = "0.4.0"
@@ -800,16 +748,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "simd-adler32",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "ff"
-version = "0.13.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ded41244b729663b1e574f1b4fb731469f69f79c17667b5d776b16cda0479449"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "subtle",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "fixedbitset"
 version = "0.5.6"
@@ -916,7 +854,6 @@ checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
 dependencies = [
  "typenum",
  "version_check",
- "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -951,23 +888,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "weezl",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "group"
-version = "0.13.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f0f9ef7462f7c099f518d754361858f86d8a07af53ba9af0fe635bbccb151a63"
-dependencies = [
- "ff",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "subtle",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "guest"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "jolt-sdk",
- "k256",
+ "rsa",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1008,7 +934,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "hash32",
  "rustc_version",
  "serde",
- "spin",
+ "spin 0.9.8",
  "stable_deref_trait",
 ]
 
@@ -1030,15 +956,6 @@ version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d231dfb89cfffdbc30e7fc41579ed6066ad03abda9e567ccafae602b97ec5024"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "hmac"
-version = "0.12.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6c49c37c09c17a53d937dfbb742eb3a961d65a994e6bcdcf37e7399d0cc8ab5e"
-dependencies = [
- "digest 0.10.7",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "iana-time-zone"
 version = "0.1.60"
@@ -1156,8 +1073,8 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "guest",
  "jolt-sdk",
- "k256",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "rsa",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1206,20 +1123,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "k256"
-version = "0.13.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "956ff9b67e26e1a6a866cb758f12c6f8746208489e3e4a4b5580802f2f0a587b"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "ecdsa",
- "elliptic-curve",
- "once_cell",
- "sha2",
- "signature",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "keccak"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -1234,6 +1137,9 @@ name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e2abad23fbc42b3700f2f279844dc832adb2b2eb069b2df918f455c4e18cc646"
+dependencies = [
+ "spin 0.5.2",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
@@ -1251,6 +1157,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets 0.52.4",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "libm"
+version = "0.2.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ec2a862134d2a7d32d7983ddcdd1c4923530833c9f2ea1a44fc5fa473989058"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "libredox"
 version = "0.1.3"
@@ -1326,6 +1238,23 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-bigint-dig"
+version = "0.8.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc84195820f291c7697304f3cbdadd1cb7199c0efc917ff5eafd71225c136151"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "libm",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-iter",
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+ "smallvec",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
 version = "0.1.46"
@@ -1335,6 +1264,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "num-traits",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "num-iter"
+version = "0.1.44"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d869c01cc0c455284163fd0092f1f93835385ccab5a98a0dcc497b2f8bf055a9"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
 version = "0.2.18"
@@ -1342,6 +1282,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "da0df0e5185db44f69b44f26786fe401b6c293d1907744beaa7fa62b2e5a517a"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
+ "libm",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1420,9 +1361,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pathfinder_simd"
-version = "0.5.2"
+version = "0.5.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0444332826c70dc47be74a7c6a5fc44e23a7905ad6858d4162b658320455ef93"
+checksum = "ebf45976c56919841273f2a0fc684c28437e2f304e264557d9c72be5d5a718be"
 dependencies = [
  "rustc_version",
 ]
@@ -1433,6 +1374,17 @@ version = "0.2.14"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "bda66fc9667c18cb2758a2ac84d1167245054bcf85d5d1aaa6923f45801bdd02"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pkcs1"
+version = "0.7.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c8ffb9f10fa047879315e6625af03c164b16962a5368d724ed16323b68ace47f"
+dependencies = [
+ "der",
+ "pkcs8",
+ "spki",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pkcs8"
 version = "0.10.2"
@@ -1684,22 +1636,33 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "adad44e29e4c806119491a7f06f03de4d1af22c3a680dd47f1e6e179439d1f56"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rfc6979"
-version = "0.4.0"
+name = "rgb"
+version = "0.8.37"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f8dd2a808d456c4a54e300a23e9f5a67e122c3024119acbfd73e3bf664491cb2"
+checksum = "05aaa8004b64fd573fc9d002f4e632d51ad4f026c2b5ba95fcb6c2f32c2c47d8"
 dependencies = [
- "hmac",
- "subtle",
+ "bytemuck",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rgb"
-version = "0.8.37"
+name = "rsa"
+version = "0.9.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "05aaa8004b64fd573fc9d002f4e632d51ad4f026c2b5ba95fcb6c2f32c2c47d8"
+checksum = "5d0e5124fcb30e76a7e79bfee683a2746db83784b86289f6251b54b7950a0dfc"
 dependencies = [
- "bytemuck",
+ "const-oid",
+ "digest 0.10.7",
+ "num-bigint-dig",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+ "pkcs1",
+ "pkcs8",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "sha2",
+ "signature",
+ "spki",
+ "subtle",
+ "zeroize",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1749,20 +1712,6 @@ version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sec1"
-version = "0.7.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3e97a565f76233a6003f9f5c54be1d9c5bdfa3eccfb189469f11ec4901c47dc"
-dependencies = [
- "base16ct",
- "der",
- "generic-array 0.14.7",
- "pkcs8",
- "subtle",
- "zeroize",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "semver"
 version = "1.0.22"
@@ -1855,6 +1804,12 @@ version = "1.13.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3c5e1a9a646d36c3599cd173a41282daf47c44583ad367b8e6837255952e5c67"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "spin"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e63cff320ae2c57904679ba7cb63280a3dc4613885beafb148ee7bf9aa9042d"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "spin"
 version = "0.9.8"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 7878f7e..c549e13 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,10 +16,8 @@ jolt = { package = "jolt-sdk", git = "https://github.com/a16z/jolt", features =
     "std",
 ] }
 guest = { path = "./guest" }
-k256 = "0.13.3"
 rand_core = "0.6.4"
-# rsa = { version = "0.9.6", default-features = false, features = ["sha2"] }
-# rand = "0.8.5"
+rsa = { version = "0.9.6", default-features = false, features = ["sha2"] }
 
 [patch.crates-io]
 ark-ff = { git = "https://github.com/a16z/arkworks-algebra", branch = "optimize/field-from-u64" }
diff --git a/guest/Cargo.toml b/guest/Cargo.toml
index 4ceeef6..b4e1117 100644
--- a/guest/Cargo.toml
+++ b/guest/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,6 +11,5 @@ path = "./src/lib.rs"
 guest = []
 
 [dependencies]
-k256 = { version = "0.13.3", default-features = false, features = ["schnorr"] }
 jolt = { package = "jolt-sdk", git = "https://github.com/a16z/jolt" }
-# rsa = { version = "0.9.6", default-features = false, features = ["sha2"] }
+rsa = { version = "0.9.6", default-features = false, features = ["sha2"] }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/guest/src/lib.rs b/guest/src/lib.rs
index c8851d8..44acd58 100644
--- a/guest/src/lib.rs
+++ b/guest/src/lib.rs
@@ -17,28 +17,16 @@ fn fib(n: u32) -> u128 {
     b
 }
 
-/// Verify Schnorr Signature
-/// Trace length: 169422912
+/// Verify RSA Signature
+/// Trace length:
 #[jolt::provable(stack_size = 100000, memory_size = 10000000)]
-fn schnorr(message: &[u8], verifying_key_bytes: &[u8], signature_bytes: &[u8]) {
-    use k256::schnorr::{Signature, signature::Verifier, VerifyingKey};
-    let verifying_key = VerifyingKey::from_bytes(&verifying_key_bytes).unwrap();
+fn rsa(message: &[u8], verifying_key_bytes: &[u8], signature_bytes: &[u8]) {
+    use rsa::pkcs1v15::VerifyingKey;
+    use rsa::signature::Verifier;
+    use rsa::{pkcs1::DecodeRsaPublicKey, pkcs1v15::Signature, sha2::Sha256};
+    let verifying_key: VerifyingKey<Sha256> = VerifyingKey::from_pkcs1_der(&verifying_key_bytes).unwrap();
     let signature = Signature::try_from(signature_bytes).unwrap();
     verifying_key
         .verify(message, &signature)
         .unwrap();
-}
-
-// /// Verify RSA Signature
-// /// Trace length:
-// #[jolt::provable(stack_size = 100000, memory_size = 10000000)]
-// fn rsa(message: &[u8], verifying_key_bytes: &[u8], signature_bytes: &[u8]) {
-//     use rsa::pkcs1v15::VerifyingKey;
-//     use rsa::signature::Verifier;
-//     use rsa::{pkcs1::DecodeRsaPublicKey, pkcs1v15::Signature, sha2::Sha256};
-//     let verifying_key: VerifyingKey<Sha256> = VerifyingKey::from_pkcs1_der(&verifying_key_bytes).unwrap();
-//     let signature = Signature::try_from(signature_bytes).unwrap();
-//     verifying_key
-//         .verify(message, &signature)
-//         .unwrap();
-// }
\ No newline at end of file
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 7f26d3d..bb93f90 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -14,37 +14,6 @@ pub fn main() {
         let (_output, _proof) = prove_fib(1000);
     });
 
-    {
-        // Schnorr Signature
-        use k256::schnorr::{signature::Signer, SigningKey};
-        use rand_core::OsRng; // requires 'getrandom' feature
-
-        let message = b"Schnorr signatures prove knowledge of a secret in the random oracle model";
-        // Signing
-        let signing_key = SigningKey::random(&mut OsRng); // serialize with `.to_bytes()`
-        let verifying_key_bytes = signing_key.verifying_key().to_bytes(); // 32-bytes
-        let signature = signing_key.sign(message); // returns `k256::schnorr::Signature`
-        let signature_bytes = signature.to_bytes(); // 64-bytes
-        print_time("native Schnorr verify", || {
-            guest::execute_schnorr(
-                message,
-                verifying_key_bytes.as_slice(),
-                signature_bytes.as_slice(),
-            );
-        });
-        let (prove_schnorr, _verify_schnorr) = guest::build_schnorr();
-        print_time("zkVM Schnorr verify", || {
-            let (_output, _proof) = prove_schnorr(
-                message,
-                verifying_key_bytes.as_slice(),
-                signature_bytes.as_slice(),
-            );
-        });
-        // let is_valid = verify_schnorr(proof);
-        // println!("output: {}", output);
-        // println!("valid: {}", is_valid);
-    }
-    /*
     {
         // RSA Signature
         use rsa::pkcs1v15::{SigningKey, VerifyingKey};
@@ -52,17 +21,16 @@ pub fn main() {
         use rsa::sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
         use rsa::signature::{Keypair, RandomizedSigner, SignatureEncoding, Verifier};
         use rsa::RsaPrivateKey;
-
-        let mut rng = rand::thread_rng();
+        use rand_core::OsRng;
 
         let bits = 2048;
-        let private_key = RsaPrivateKey::new(&mut rng, bits).expect("failed to generate a key");
+        let private_key = RsaPrivateKey::new(&mut OsRng, bits).expect("failed to generate a key");
         let signing_key = SigningKey::<Sha256>::new(private_key);
         let verifying_key = signing_key.verifying_key();
 
         // Sign
         let data = b"hello world";
-        let signature = signing_key.sign_with_rng(&mut rng, data);
+        let signature = signing_key.sign_with_rng(&mut OsRng, data);
         assert_ne!(signature.to_bytes().as_ref(), data.as_slice());
         let signature_bytes = signature.to_bytes();
         let verifying_key_bytes = verifying_key.to_pkcs1_der().unwrap();
@@ -83,5 +51,4 @@ pub fn main() {
             );
         });
     }
-    */
 }