diff --git a/.github/CODEOWNERS b/.github/CODEOWNERS
index 80695439671..0b03f0a0043 100644
--- a/.github/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/.github/CODEOWNERS
@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ app/models/inherited_proof_verified_user_account.rb @department-of-veterans-affa
 app/models/in_progress_form.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/vfs-authenticated-experience-backend @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group @department-of-veterans-affairs/benefits-dependents-management
 app/models/intent_to_file_queue_exhaustion.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/pensions @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 app/models/ivc_champva_form.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/champva-engineering @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
+app/models/lighthouse526_document_upload.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/Disability-Experience @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 app/models/lighthouse_document.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 app/models/maintenance_window.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 app/models/message_draft.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/vfs-mhv-secure-messaging @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
@@ -1167,6 +1168,7 @@ spec/factories/form526_job_statuses.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/Disabilit
 spec/factories/form526_submissions.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/Disability-Experience @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/factories/form526_submission_remediations.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/Disability-Experience @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/factories/form5655_submission.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/vsa-debt-resolution @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
+spec/factories/form_attachments.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/Disability-Experience @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/factories/form_submission_attempts.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/platform-va-product-forms @department-of-veterans-affairs/Disability-Experience @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/factories/form_submissions.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/platform-va-product-forms @department-of-veterans-affairs/Disability-Experience @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/factories/gi_bill_feedback.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/my-education-benefits @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
@@ -1183,6 +1185,7 @@ spec/factories/inherited_proofing @department-of-veterans-affairs/octo-identity
 spec/factories/in_progress_forms @department-of-veterans-affairs/vfs-authenticated-experience-backend @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/factories/ivc_champva_forms.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/champva-engineering @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/factories/lighthouse @department-of-veterans-affairs/vfs-facilities-frontend @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
+spec/factories/lighthouse526_document_uploads.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/Disability-Experience @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/factories/maintenance_windows.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/factories/message_drafts.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/vfs-mhv-secure-messaging @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/factories/message_threads.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/vfs-mhv-secure-messaging @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
@@ -1555,6 +1558,7 @@ spec/models/inherited_proof_verified_user_account_spec.rb @department-of-veteran
 spec/models/in_progress_form_spec.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/vfs-authenticated-experience-backend @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group @department-of-veterans-affairs/benefits-dependents-management
 spec/models/intent_to_file_queue_exhaustion_spec.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/pensions @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/models/ivc_champva_forms_spec.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/champva-engineering @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
+spec/models/lighthouse526_document_upload_spec.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/Disability-Experience @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/models/message_spec.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/vfs-mhv-secure-messaging @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/models/mhv_opt_in_flag_spec.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/vfs-mhv-secure-messaging @department-of-veterans-affairs/va-api-engineers @department-of-veterans-affairs/backend-review-group
 spec/models/mpi_data_spec.rb @department-of-veterans-affairs/octo-identity
diff --git a/app/models/lighthouse526_document_upload.rb b/app/models/lighthouse526_document_upload.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b2a0708748
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/models/lighthouse526_document_upload.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class Lighthouse526DocumentUpload < ApplicationRecord
+  include AASM
+
+  VETERAN_UPLOAD_DOCUMENT_TYPE = 'Veteran Upload'
+  BDD_INSTRUCTIONS_DOCUMENT_TYPE = 'BDD Instructions'
+  FORM_0781_DOCUMENT_TYPE = 'Form 0781'
+  FORM_0781A_DOCUMENT_TYPE = 'Form 0781a'
+
+  VALID_DOCUMENT_TYPES = [
+    BDD_INSTRUCTIONS_DOCUMENT_TYPE,
+    FORM_0781_DOCUMENT_TYPE,
+    FORM_0781A_DOCUMENT_TYPE,
+    VETERAN_UPLOAD_DOCUMENT_TYPE
+  ].freeze
+
+  belongs_to :form526_submission
+  belongs_to :form_attachment, optional: true
+
+  validates :lighthouse_document_request_id, presence: true
+  validates :document_type, presence: true, inclusion: { in: VALID_DOCUMENT_TYPES }
+
+  # Veteran Uploads must reference a FormAttachment record, where a Veteran-submitted file is stored
+  validates :form_attachment, presence: true, if: :veteran_upload?
+
+  aasm do
+    state :pending, initial: true
+    state :completed, :failed
+
+    event :complete do
+      transitions from: :pending, to: :completed, guard: :end_time_saved?
+    end
+
+    event :fail do
+      transitions from: :pending, to: :failed, guard: %i[end_time_saved? error_message_saved?]
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def veteran_upload?
+    document_type == VETERAN_UPLOAD_DOCUMENT_TYPE
+  end
+
+  def end_time_saved?
+    lighthouse_processing_ended_at != nil
+  end
+
+  def error_message_saved?
+    error_message != nil
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/factories/form_attachments.rb b/spec/factories/form_attachments.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..893adf293e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/form_attachments.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :form_attachment do
+    guid { Faker::Internet.uuid }
+    file_data { Faker::Json.to_s }
+    type { 'SupportingEvidenceAttachment' }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/factories/lighthouse526_document_uploads.rb b/spec/factories/lighthouse526_document_uploads.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e467954e8d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/factories/lighthouse526_document_uploads.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+FactoryBot.define do
+  factory :lighthouse526_document_upload do
+    association :form526_submission
+    association :form_attachment
+    lighthouse_document_request_id { Faker::Internet.uuid }
+    aasm_state { 'pending' } # initial status
+    document_type { 'BDD Instructions' }
+    error_message { 'Something Broke' }
+    lighthouse_processing_started_at { nil }
+    lighthouse_processing_ended_at { nil }
+    status_last_polled_at { nil }
+    last_status_response { nil }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/models/lighthouse526_document_upload_spec.rb b/spec/models/lighthouse526_document_upload_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c7486b8128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/lighthouse526_document_upload_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Lighthouse526DocumentUpload do
+  # Benefts Documents API /uploads/status endpoint payload examples available at:
+  # https://dev-developer.va.gov/explore/api/benefits-documents/docs?version=current
+
+  it 'is created with an initial aasm status of pending' do
+    expect(build(:lighthouse526_document_upload).aasm_state).to eq('pending')
+  end
+
+  context 'for a new record' do
+    describe 'with valid attributes' do
+      it 'is valid with a valid document_type' do
+        ['BDD Instructions', 'Form 0781', 'Form 0781a', 'Veteran Upload'].each do |document_type|
+          expect(build(:lighthouse526_document_upload, document_type:)).to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'with a document type that is not Veteran Upload' do
+        it 'is valid without a form_attachment_id' do
+          expect(build(:lighthouse526_document_upload, document_type: 'BDD Instructions', form_attachment_id: nil))
+            .to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'with invalid attributes' do
+      it 'is invalid without a form526_submission_id' do
+        expect(build(:lighthouse526_document_upload, form526_submission_id: nil)).not_to be_valid
+      end
+
+      it 'is invalid without a lighthouse_document_request_id' do
+        expect(build(:lighthouse526_document_upload, lighthouse_document_request_id: nil)).not_to be_valid
+      end
+
+      it 'is invalid without a document_type' do
+        expect(build(:lighthouse526_document_upload, document_type: nil)).not_to be_valid
+      end
+
+      it 'is invalid without a valid document_type' do
+        expect(build(:lighthouse526_document_upload, document_type: 'Receipt')).not_to be_valid
+      end
+
+      context 'with a document_type of Veteran Upload' do
+        it 'is invalid without a form_attachment_id' do
+          expect(build(:lighthouse526_document_upload, document_type: 'Veteran Upload', form_attachment_id: nil))
+            .not_to be_valid
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'state transtions' do
+      # Both completed and failed uploads have an end time in Lighthouse
+      let(:finished_lighthouse526_document_upload) do
+        create(:lighthouse526_document_upload, lighthouse_processing_ended_at: DateTime.now)
+      end
+
+      it 'transitions to a completed state' do
+        expect(finished_lighthouse526_document_upload).to transition_from(:pending).to(:completed).on_event(:complete!)
+      end
+
+      it 'transitions to a failed state' do
+        expect(finished_lighthouse526_document_upload).to transition_from(:pending).to(:failed).on_event(:fail!)
+      end
+
+      describe 'transition guards' do
+        context 'when transitioning to a completed state' do
+          it 'transitions if lighthouse_processing_ended_at is saved' do
+            upload = create(:lighthouse526_document_upload, lighthouse_processing_ended_at: DateTime.now)
+            expect { upload.complete! }.not_to raise_error(AASM::InvalidTransition)
+          end
+
+          it 'does not transition if no lighthouse_processing_ended_at is saved' do
+            upload = create(:lighthouse526_document_upload, lighthouse_processing_ended_at: nil)
+            expect { upload.complete! }.to raise_error(AASM::InvalidTransition)
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'when transitioning to a failed state' do
+          it 'transitions if lighthouse_processing_ended_at is saved' do
+            upload = create(:lighthouse526_document_upload, lighthouse_processing_ended_at: DateTime.now)
+            expect { upload.fail! }.not_to raise_error(AASM::InvalidTransition)
+          end
+
+          it 'does not transition if no lighthouse_processing_ended_at is saved' do
+            upload = create(:lighthouse526_document_upload, lighthouse_processing_ended_at: nil)
+            expect { upload.fail! }.to raise_error(AASM::InvalidTransition)
+          end
+
+          it 'transitions if error_message is saved' do
+            upload = create(
+              :lighthouse526_document_upload,
+              lighthouse_processing_ended_at: DateTime.now,
+              error_message: { status: 'Something broke' }.to_json
+            )
+
+            expect { upload.fail! }.not_to raise_error(AASM::InvalidTransition)
+          end
+
+          it 'does not transition if no error_message is saved' do
+            upload = create(:lighthouse526_document_upload, error_message: nil)
+            expect { upload.fail! }.to raise_error(AASM::InvalidTransition)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end