[Core] Common code snippet for defining config: locations and precedence

[dbeatty10]

Link to the page(s) on docs.getdbt.com requiring updates

Pages for any resource type that has configurations (like enabled, meta, etc.). This includes (but probably not limited to):

• https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/configs-and-properties#where-can-i-define-configs
• https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/model-configs#configuring-models
• https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/seed-configs
• https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/snapshot-configs
• https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/source-configs

Tell us more about this update

Here and here have some content that is very similar to each other that could be abstracted into a snippet that can be shared.

Example 1

Example 2

Additionally, this content actually applies to other resources too that don't already include this information (like seeds, snapshots, etc).

So we should add that snippet to those pages too.

Finally, we should review if there are any other resource types that support config() like enabled, meta, etc. that should have this snippet added as well.

Reviewers/Stakeholders/SMEs

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Related GitHub issues

Noticed while reviewing #5616.

Since this is larger scope that is also not urgent, created this separate issue.

Additional information

No response