https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-nodes-in-k-group/
Given a linked list, reverse the nodes of a linked list k at a time and return its modified list.
k is a positive integer and is less than or equal to the length of the linked list. If the number of nodes is not a multiple of k then left-out nodes in the end should remain as it is.
Example:
Given this linked list: 1->2->3->4->5
For k = 2, you should return: 2->1->4->3->5
For k = 3, you should return: 3->2->1->4->5
Note:
Only constant extra memory is allowed.
You may not alter the values in the list's nodes, only nodes itself may be changed.
- 链表
题意是以 k
个nodes为一组进行翻转,返回翻转后的linked list
.
从左往右扫描一遍linked list
,扫描过程中,以k为单位把数组分成若干段,对每一段进行翻转。给定首尾nodes,如何对链表进行翻转。
链表的翻转过程,初始化一个为null
的 previous node(prev)
,然后遍历链表的同时,当前node (curr)
的下一个(next)指向前一个node(prev)
,
在改变当前node的指向之前,用一个临时变量记录当前node的下一个node(curr.next)
. 即
ListNode temp = curr.next;
curr.next = prev;
prev = curr;
curr = temp;
举例如图:翻转整个链表 1->2->3->4->null
-> 4->3->2->1->null
这里是对每一组(k个nodes
)进行翻转,
-
先分组,用一个
count
变量记录当前节点的个数 -
用一个
start
变量记录当前分组的起始节点位置的前一个节点 -
用一个
end
变量记录要翻转的最后一个节点位置 -
翻转一组(
k个nodes
)即(start, end) - start and end exclusively
。 -
翻转后,
start
指向翻转后链表, 区间(start,end)
中的最后一个节点, 返回start
节点。 -
如果不需要翻转,
end
就往后移动一个(end=end.next
),每一次移动,都要count+1
.
如图所示 步骤4和5: 翻转区间链表区间(start, end)
举例如图,head=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8], k = 3
NOTE: 一般情况下对链表的操作,都有可能会引入一个新的
dummy node
,因为head
有可能会改变。这里head 从1->3
,dummy (List(0))
保持不变。
- 时间复杂度:
O(n) - n is number of Linked List
- 空间复杂度:
O(1)
- 创建一个dummy node
- 对链表以k为单位进行分组,记录每一组的起始和最后节点位置
- 对每一组进行翻转,更换起始和最后的位置
- 返回
dummy.next
.
Java Code
class ReverseKGroupsLinkedList {
public ListNode reverseKGroup(ListNode head, int k) {
if (head == null || k == 1) {
return head;
}
ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0);
dummy.next = head;
ListNode start = dummy;
ListNode end = head;
int count = 0;
while (end != null) {
count++;
// group
if (count % k == 0) {
// reverse linked list (start, end]
start = reverse(start, end.next);
end = start.next;
} else {
end = end.next;
}
}
return dummy.next;
}
/**
* reverse linked list from range (start, end), return last node.
* for example:
* 0->1->2->3->4->5->6->7->8
* | |
* start end
*
* After call start = reverse(start, end)
*
* 0->3->2->1->4->5->6->7->8
* | |
* start end
* first
*
*/
private ListNode reverse(ListNode start, ListNode end) {
ListNode curr = start.next;
ListNode prev = start;
ListNode first = curr;
while (curr != end){
ListNode temp = curr.next;
curr.next = prev;
prev = curr;
curr = temp;
}
start.next = prev;
first.next = curr;
return first;
}
}
Python3 Cose
class Solution:
def reverseKGroup(self, head: ListNode, k: int) -> ListNode:
if head is None or k < 2:
return head
dummy = ListNode(0)
dummy.next = head
start = dummy
end = head
count = 0
while end:
count += 1
if count % k == 0:
start = self.reverse(start, end.next)
end = start.next
else:
end = end.next
return dummy.next
def reverse(self, start, end):
prev, curr = start, start.next
first = curr
while curr != end:
temp = curr.next
curr.next = prev
prev = curr
curr = temp
start.next = prev
first.next = curr
return first
javascript code
/**
* @param {ListNode} head
* @param {number} k
* @return {ListNode}
*/
var reverseKGroup = function(head, k) {
// 标兵
let dummy = new ListNode()
dummy.next = head
let [start, end] = [dummy, dummy.next]
let count = 0
while(end) {
count++
if (count % k === 0) {
start = reverseList(start, end.next)
end = start.next
} else {
end = end.next
}
}
return dummy.next
// 翻转stat -> end的链表
function reverseList(start, end) {
let [pre, cur] = [start, start.next]
const first = cur
while(cur !== end) {
let next = cur.next
cur.next = pre
pre = cur
cur = next
}
start.next = pre
first.next = cur
return first
}
};
-
要求从后往前以
k
个为一组进行翻转。(字节跳动(ByteDance)面试题)例子,
1->2->3->4->5->6->7->8, k = 3
,从后往前以
k=3
为一组,6->7->8
为一组翻转为8->7->6
,3->4->5
为一组翻转为5->4->3
.1->2
只有2个nodes少于k=3
个,不翻转。
最后返回:
1->2->5->4->3->8->7->6
这里的思路跟从前往后以k
个为一组进行翻转类似,可以进行预处理:
-
翻转链表
-
对翻转后的链表进行从前往后以k为一组翻转。
-
翻转步骤2中得到的链表。
例子:1->2->3->4->5->6->7->8, k = 3
-
翻转链表得到:
8->7->6->5->4->3->2->1
-
以k为一组翻转:
6->7->8->3->4->5->2->1
-
翻转步骤#2链表:
1->2->5->4->3->8->7->6