diff --git a/content/Bodies That Matter.md b/content/Bodies That Matter.md index 4f6c48fd870cb..65e1000afe995 100644 --- a/content/Bodies That Matter.md +++ b/content/Bodies That Matter.md @@ -15,8 +15,17 @@ influenced by [[Michel Foucault]] **gender is performative, meaning that it is maintained, created or perpetuated by iterative repetitions when speaking and interacting with each other** + performative, not performance. that means we can't really change it as freely +>It's not an identity from which a pattern of action originates. Rather, it just is the pattern of action. If you wear gender-coded clothing, style your hair in a gender-coded way, etc., you're not expressing the manhood or womanhood that you hold deep down. You're simply acting out the expectations of a male or female. + - [u/Sapjastic_Primble](https://www.reddit.com/user/Sapjastic_Primble/) + +It is neither wholly socially learnt, nor is it voluntary + +**interpellation** - the labelling or assigning of an identity +**hailing** - the way that a person is treated socially + It explores how sex and gender are *constructed* and *regulated* by **power**, **knowledge**, and **discourse**. Some key points are: - Butler *challenges the concept of sex as a natural and fixed category*. She argues that sex is a social construct that is shaped by power and norms, and that it has effects on how bodies are classified and regulated. diff --git a/content/Species Problem.md b/content/Species Problem.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..4d72e4b6d316c --- /dev/null +++ b/content/Species Problem.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +--- +title: Species Problem +date: 2023-10-25 +tags: + - biology +--- +A species concept is a framework for differentiating different species. There are at least 26 recognized species concepts, and difficulty in reconciling these various definitions is collectively called the species problem. + +A species concept that works well for sexually reproducing organisms such as birds may be useless for species that reproduce asexually, such as bacteria. The scientific study of the species problem has been called microtaxonomy. + diff --git a/content/Todo.md b/content/Todo.md index be3a2f5794ee0..547907cdb4ab8 100644 --- a/content/Todo.md +++ b/content/Todo.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ community group and types ```mermaid - +flowchart A-->B ``` @@ -137,3 +137,9 @@ Dennis Ritchie was a computer scientist and programmer who co-created the C prog |[Albert Camus](app://obsidian.md/Albert%20Camus.md) |[Modernist](app://obsidian.md/Modernist.md)| |[negative senescence](app://obsidian.md/negative%20senescence.md) + + +## Social Construction of Gender +Kessler and McKenna's work was influenced by Harold Garfinkel in ethnomethodology (especially his analysis of Agnes in Studies in Ethnomethodology); [[Stanley Milgram]], their social psychology professor; and the sociologist Peter McHugh, McKenna's professor. Kessler and McKenna were the first to argue that the distinction between "gender" and "sex" is a socially constructed one and the latter (defined by biological markers) should not be privileged. + +Their articulation of what later became known as the social construction of gender was part of the foundation for works of ultimately more well-known gender theorists, [[Judith Butler]] (1990), [Anne Fausto-Sterling] (1992), and Kate Bornstein (1994). Kessler and McKenna's concept of "gender attribution" predated William Zimmerman and Candace West's concept of doing gender and Butler's concept of gender performativity. \ No newline at end of file