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For +example, on [Tetralith](https://www.nsc.liu.se/systems/tetralith/) you +would do: + +```bash +module add git/2.19.3-nsc1-gcc-system +module add CMake/3.16.4-nsc1 +export FC=/software/sse/manual/mpprun/4.1.3/nsc-wrappers/ifort +``` + +### On own computer + +If you don't have [CMake](https://cmake.org/) or a Fortran compiler +installed yet, one option is to install them into a conda environment +by first saving the following into a file `environment.yml`: + +```yaml +name: compilers +channels: + - conda-forge +dependencies: + - cmake + - compilers +``` + +followed by installing the packages into a new environment: +```bash +conda env create -f environment.yml +``` +and finally activating the environment: +```bash +conda activate compilers +``` + +For good measure, set the `FC` variable to point to your +Fortran compiler (adjust path as needed): +```bash +export FC=$HOME/miniconda3/envs/compilers/bin/gfortran +``` + +## Clone the pFUnit repository + +```bash +git clone --recursive git@github.com:Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit.git +cd pFUnit +``` + +## Configure with Cmake + +```bash +mkdir build +cd build +cmake .. +``` + +## Build and install + +The following will install pFUnit into a directory `installed` under +the `build` directory. + +```bash +make tests +make install +``` + +## Compiling with pFUnit + +When compiling with pFUnit, set: +```bash +export PFUNIT_DIR=$HOME/path/to/pFUnit/build/installed +``` + +and run CMake with `-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$PFUNIT_DIR`. + + +## Clone the pFUnit_demos repository + +This is for testing and learning purposes. + +```bash +git clone git@github.com:Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit_demos.git +``` + +### Try out the Trivial, Basic, and MPI examples + +```bash +cd pFUnit_demos +export PFUNIT_DIR=~pFUnit/build/installed/PFUNIT-4.2 +cd Trivial +./build_with_cmake_and_run.x +cd ../Basic +./build_with_cmake_and_run.x +cd ../MPI +./build_with_cmake_and_run.x +´´´ diff --git a/_sources/concepts.md.txt b/_sources/concepts.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d830bb --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/concepts.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +orphan: true +--- + +This page has been merged with [Motivation](motivation) diff --git a/_sources/conclusions.md.txt b/_sources/conclusions.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2872a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/conclusions.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Conclusions and recommendations + +## The basics + +- Learn one test framework well enough for basics + - Explore and use the good tools that exist out there + - An incomplete list of testing frameworks can be found in the [Quick Reference](quick-reference) +- Start with some basics + - Some simple thing that test all parts +- Automate tests + - Faster feedback and reduce the number of surprises + + +## Going more in-depth + +- Strike a healthy balance between unit tests and integration tests +- As the code gets larger and the chance of undetected bugs + increases, tests should increase +- When adding new functionality, also add tests +- When you discover and fix a bug, also commit a test against this bug +- Use code coverage analysis to identify untested or unused code +- If you make your code easier to test, it becomes more modular + + +## Ways to get started + +You probably won't do everything perfectly when you start off... But +what are some of the easy starting points? + +- Do you have some single functions that are easy to test, but hard to + verify just by looking at them? Add unit tests. + +- Do you have data analysis or simulation of some sort? Make an + end-to-end test with sample data, or sample parameters. This is + useful as an example anyway. + +- A local testing framework + GitHub actions is very easy! And works + well in the background - you do whatever you want and get an email + if you break things. It's actually pretty freeing. diff --git a/_sources/continuous-integration.md.txt b/_sources/continuous-integration.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74e9680 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/continuous-integration.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,592 @@ +# Automated testing + +```{questions} +- How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository? +- Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages? +``` + +## Continuous integration + +We will now learn to set up automatic tests using either GitHub Actions or +GitLab CI - you can choose which one to use and instructions are provided for both. + +This exercise can be run in "collaborative mode" by following instead the instructions +in [Full-cycle collaborative workflow](./full-cycle-ci). In the collaborative version steps +C-D below are performed by a collaborator. + + +```{challenge} Exercise CI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab + +In this exercise, we will: + +- **A.** Create and add code to a repository on GitHub/GitLab (or, alternatively, fork and clone an existing example repository) +- **B.** Set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +- **C.** Find a bug in our repository and open an issue to report it +- **D.** Fix the bug on a bugfix branch and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +- **E.** Merge the pull/merge request and see how the issue is automatically closed. +- **F.** Create a test to increase the code coverage of our tests. +``` + +### Prerequisites + +If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +[this git-refresher material](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-refresher/). +If you are new to pull requests / merge requests, you can learn all about them +in the [Collaborative Git lesson](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/). + + +### Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab OR fork from the example repo + +#### Create a new repository + +- Begin by creating a repository called (for example) *example-ci*. +- **Before** you create the repository, select **"Initialize this repository + with a README"** (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo). +- Clone the repository (`git clone git@github.com:/example-ci.git`). +- Add the following files and code + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + Add a file `functions.py` containing: + + ```python + def add(a, b): + return a + b + + def subtract(a, b): + return a + b # <--- fix this in step 7 + + def multiply(a, b): + return a * b + + def convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit): + return multiply(subtract(fahrenheit, 32), 9 / 5) # <-- Fix this in step 7 + ``` + and a file `test_functions.py` containing: + + ```python + + from functions import add, subtract, multiply + from functions import convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius as f2c + import pytest + + def test_add(): + assert add(2, 3) == 5 + assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship' + + # uncomment the following test in step 5 + #def test_subtract(): + # assert subtract(2, 3) == -1 + + # uncomment the following test in step 11 + # def test_convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius(): + # assert f2c(32) == 0 + # assert f2c(122) == pytest.approx(50) + # with pytest.raises(AssertionError): + # f2c(-600) + + ``` + Finally, stage the files (`git add `), commit (`git commit -m "some commit message"`), + and push the changes (`git push origin main`). + + ```` + ````{group-tab} R + - Make a folder ``rtestingexample`` + - In that folder create a file ``DESCRIPTION`` with the following contents: + ``` + Package: rtestingexample + Title: Testing package for R and github actions + Version: 0.0.0.9000 + Authors@R: + person("Your", "Name", , "none@example.com", role = c("aut", "cre"), + ) + Author: Your Name + Maintainer: Your Name + Description: Just a few functions that are being tested. + License: MIT + Encoding: UTF-8 + Depends: testthat + Roxygen: list(markdown = TRUE) + RoxygenNote: 7.2.3 + ``` + - In that folder create a file ``NAMESPACE`` with the following content: + ``` + # Default NAMESPACE created by R + # Remove the previous line if you edit this file + + # Export all names + exportPattern(".") + + # Import all packages listed as Imports or Depends + import( + testthat + ) + ``` + - create a subfolder `R` (this will contain all functions of the package) + - in the `R` folder create a file `functions.R`with the following content: + ```R + add <- function(a,b){ + return(a + b); + } + + subtract <- function(a,b){ + return(a - b); + } + + multiply <- function(a,b){ + return(a * b); + } + + convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius <- function(fahrenheit){ + C_temp <- multiply(subtract(fahrenheit,32),5/9); + return(C_temp); + } + ``` + - create a subfolder `tests` + - in `tests` create a folder `testthat` and a file `testthat.R` with the following content: + ```R + # This file is part of the standard setup for testthat. + # It is recommended that you do not modify it. + # + # Where should you do additional test configuration? + # Learn more about the roles of various files in: + # * https://r-pkgs.org/tests.html + # * https://testthat.r-lib.org/reference/test_package.html#special-files + + library(testthat) + library(rtestingexample) + + test_check("rtestingexample") + ``` + - in the `testthat` folder create a file `test-functions.R` with the following content: + ```R + + test_that(desc = "Add", code = { + c <- add(2,3); # Runs the function + + # Test that the result is the correct value + expect_equal(c,5); + + # Test that the result is numeric + expect_true(is.numeric(c)); + }) + + # uncomment the following test in step 11 + #test_that(desc = "Fahrenheit to Celsius", code = { + # + # temp_C <- convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius(50); + # expect_equal(temp_C,10); + # expect_true(is.numeric(temp_C)); + #}) + + # uncomment the following test in step 5 + #test_that(desc = "Subtract", code = { + # c <- subtract(3,2); + # expect_equal(c,1); + # expect_true(is.numeric(c)); + #}) + + ```` +````` + + + +#### Fork and clone an existing example repository + +- Fork the example repo. There are two options one for [python](https://github.com/AaltoRSE/PyTestingExample) and one for [R](https://github.com/AaltoRSE/RTestingExample). +- Clone your fork (`git clone git@github.com:/TestingExample.git`). + + + +### Step 2: Run tests locally +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + You can now run your tests locally with + ``` + pytest + ``` + ```` + ````{group-tab} R + You can now run your tests (and a complete check of this package) locally by running: + ``` + Rscript -e 'testthat::test_local()'` + ``` +> **_NOTE:_** You might need to install the testthat package before you can run the command above ( in R `install.packages("testthat")`) +````` + + + +### Step 3: Enable automated testing + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} GitHub-Python + + In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. + Select "Actions" from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page + "Get started with GitHub Actions". Select the button for "Configure" + under Python Application: + + ```{figure} img/python_application.png + :alt: Selecting a Python workflow + + Select "Python application" as the starter workflow. + ``` + + GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder `.github/workflows`. + Modify the highlited lines according to the action below. This will add a code coverage + report to new pull requests. The if clause restricts this to pull requests, as otherwise + this action would not have a target to write the reports to. On pushes only the unittesting is run. + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 16,29,39-45 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a variety of Python versions + # For more information see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/building-and-testing-python + + name: Python package + + on: + push: + branches: [ "main" ] + pull_request: + branches: [ "main" ] + + jobs: + build: + permissions: + contents: read + pull-requests: write + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v3 + - name: Set up Python 3.10 + uses: actions/setup-python@v3 + with: + python-version: "3.10" + - name: Install dependencies + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + python -m pip install flake8 pytest pytest-cov + if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi + - name: Lint with flake8 + run: | + # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names + flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide + flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + - name: Test with pytest and calculate coverage + run: | + pytest --cov-report "xml:coverage.xml" --cov=. + - name: Create Coverage + if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }} + uses: orgoro/coverage@v3 + with: + coverageFile: coverage.xml + token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Start Commit" button: + + ```{figure} img/gh_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + + Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitLab-Python + + In this step we will enable GitLab CI. + Select "CI/CD" from your Gitlab sidebar of the project. You get to a page + "Editor". (Instead you can also click on "Add CI/CD" on the main page or just add a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file the result is identical. + + Copy the following code snippet into the file. Gitlab will save it as `.gitlab-ci.yml`. + Add `pytest test_functions.py` to the last line (highlighted): + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 22 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python + # For more information see: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Python.gitlab-ci.yml + + image: python:latest + stages: + - linting + - test + before_script: + - cat /proc/version #print out operations system + - python -V # Print out python version for debugging + - pip install pytest flake8 + - if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt;fi + + linting: + stage: linting + script: + - flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + - flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + + test: + stage: test + script: + - pytest + + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Commit changes" button: + + ```{figure} img/gl_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + :width: 400px + + Committing the file via the GitLab web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitHub-R + + In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. + Select "Actions" from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page + "Get started with GitHub Actions". Unfortunately, as of the creation of this lecture, the default "R package action" + that is suggested by github is quite complex and not really fit for our purpose. Instead we will create our own + workflow as detailed below. + So first click on the " set up a workflow yourself" link above the "Search workflows" field. + + GitHub creates a "main.yml" file that we can now modify as needed. + + - First, replace the name by a more descriptive one (e.g. r_testing.yml) + + - Then add the following code to the file: + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 25-31,37 + --- + # Workflow derived from https://github.com/r-lib/actions/tree/v2/examples + # Need help debugging build failures? Start at https://github.com/r-lib/actions#where-to-find-help + on: + push: + branches: [main] + pull_request: + branches: [main] + + name: test-coverage + + jobs: + test-coverage: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + env: + GITHUB_PAT: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + name: R + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v3 + - name: Setup R + uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2 + with: + use-public-rspm: true + - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r-dependencies@v2 + with: + extra-packages: | + any::covr + any::rcmdcheck + needs: | + coverage + check + working-directory: 'rtestingexample' + - name: Test coverage + run: | + covr::codecov( + quiet = FALSE, + clean = FALSE, + path = "rtestingexample", + install_path = file.path(Sys.getenv("RUNNER_TEMP"), "package") + ) + shell: Rscript {0} + + - name: Show testthat output + if: always() + run: | + ## -------------------------------------------------------------------- + find ${{ runner.temp }}/package -name 'testthat.Rout*' -exec cat '{}' \; || true + shell: bash + + - name: Upload test results + if: failure() + uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3 + with: + name: coverage-test-failures + path: ${{ runner.temp }}/package + ``` + The action is a modified version of the action generated by [covr](https://covr.r-lib.org/) using the `usethis::use_github_action("test-coverage")` command. + It is built up from several actions provided by the [r-lib project](https://github.com/r-lib/actions), along with the test/coverage commands. + + + + Commit the change by pressing the "Start Commit" button: + + ```{figure} img/gh_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + + Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` + + +````` + + +### Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} GitHub-Python + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Actions" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitLab-Python + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a blue marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/gl_green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Pipelines" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` + ````{group-tab} GitHub-R + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Actions" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` +````` + + +### Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem + +After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository: + +```console +$ git pull origin main +``` + +Hint: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called `main` and not perhaps `master`. + +Next uncomment the code in `test_functions.py` under "step 5", commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the "Actions" tab (GitHub) +or the "CI/CD->Pipelines" tab (GitLab). + + +### Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab + +Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the +"Issues" button on GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that we will fix the issue through a pull/merge request. + + +### Step 7: Fix the broken test + +Now fix the code **on a new branch**, you can call it `yourname/bugfix`. +After you have fixed the code on the new branch, commit the following +commit message `"restore function subtract; fixes #1"` (assuming that +you try to fix issue number 1). + +```{callout} Shortcut + + Here it's perfectly possible to take a shortcut and commit and push + directly to the main branch. If you do this, steps 8-9 below are skipped. + - When would you push directly to the main branch, and when would you send a + pull/merge request? +``` + + +Then push to your repository. + + +### Step 8: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) + +Go back to the repository on GitHub or GitLab and open a pull/merge +request. **In a collaborative setting, you could request a code +review from collaborators at this stage.** Before accepting the +pull/merge request, observe how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI +automatically tested the code. + +If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you +can still add it to the pull/merge request: `my pull/merge request +title, closes #1`. + + +### Step 9: Accept the pull/merge request + +Observe how accepting the pull/merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull/merge request contained the correct issue number). + +See also: +- GitHub: [closing issues using keywords](https://help.github.com/articles/closing-issues-using-keywords/) +- GitLab: [closing issues using keywords](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/issues/managing_issues.html#closing-issues) + +Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful? + +### Step 10: Increase your code coverage + +We are currently missing several functions in our tests. Write a test for the `multiply` function in a new branch and create a pull request. +On python you can directly observe the increase in code coverage. +On R you can have a look at the action (`Actions -> last run of your action -> Select a job -> Test coverage`). If you compare this with the +previous run, you should see an increase once the update is in. + +### Step 11 (optional): Repeat steps 5-9 for the `convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius` function: + +Repetition helps learning, so let's do the testing again for our `convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius` function. +Uncomment the test for the `convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius` function and repeat steps 5 to 9 fixing the bug this test exposes. + + +### Discussion + +Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise. + +--- + +## Where to go from here + +- This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages +- This workflow is very useful for collaborators who work on the same code and it works both for + [centralized](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/02-centralized/) and + [forking](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/03-distributed/) workflows - have a look at this + [alternative exercise](./full-cycle-ci) to see how that works. +- GitHub Actions has a [Marketpace](https://github.com/marketplace?type=actions) which offer wide range of automatic workflows +- On GitLab use [GitLab CI](https://about.gitlab.com/product/continuous-integration/) +- For Windows builds you can also use [Appveyor](https://www.appveyor.com) + + +```{keypoints} +- When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue + autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request. +``` diff --git a/_sources/exercises.rst.txt b/_sources/exercises.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d874855 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/exercises.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +List of exercises +================= + +Full list +--------- + +This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests. + +.. exerciselist:: diff --git a/_sources/full-cycle-ci.md.txt b/_sources/full-cycle-ci.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..871ec60 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/full-cycle-ci.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,347 @@ +# (Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow + +```{questions} +- How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository? +- Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages? +``` + + +## Exercise a full-cycle collaborative workflow + +This exercise is a collaborative version of the [Automated testing exercise](./continuous-integration). + +```{exercise} FullCI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab with pull requests and issues +This is an expanded version of the {doc}`automated testing demonstration `. +The exercise is performed in a collaborative circle within the exercise group +(breakout room). + +The exercise takes 20-30 minutes. + +In this exercise, everybody will: + +**A.** Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab (everybody should use a **different repository name** for their repository) +**B.** Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +**C.** Everybody will find a bug in their repository and open an issue in their repository +**D.** Then each one will clone the repo of one of their exercise partners, fix the bug, + and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +**E.** Everybody then merges their co-worker's change +``` + +```{figure} img/testing_group_work.png +:alt: Graph with exercise steps +:width: 300px + +Overview of this exercise. Below we detail the steps. +``` + +### Prerequisites + +If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +[this git-refresher material](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-refresher/). + + +### Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab + +- Select a **different repository name** than your colleagues (otherwise forking the same name will be strange) +- **Before** you create the repository, select **"Initialize this repository + with a README"** (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo). +- Share the repository URL with your exercise group via shared document or chat + + +### Step 2: Clone your own repository, add code, commit, and push + +Clone the repository. + +Add a file `example.py` containing: + +```python +def add(a, b): + return a + b + + +def test_add(): + assert add(2, 3) == 5 + assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship' + + +def subtract(a, b): + return a + b # <--- fix this in step 8 + + +# uncomment the following test in step 5 +#def test_subtract(): +# assert subtract(2, 3) == -1 +``` +Test `example.py` with `pytest`. + +Then stage the file (`git add `), commit (`git commit -m "some commit message"`), +and push the changes (`git push origin main`). + + +### Step 3: Enable automated testing + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} GitHub + + In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. + Select "Actions" from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page + "Get started with GitHub Actions". Select the button for "Set up + this workflow" under Python Application: + + ```{figure} img/python_application.png + :alt: Selecting a Python workflow + + Select "Python application" as the starter workflow. + ``` + + GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder `.github/workflows`. + Add `pytest example.py` to the last line (highlighted): + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 34-36 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python + # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions + + name: Python application + + on: + push: + branches: [ main ] + pull_request: + branches: [ main ] + + jobs: + build: + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Set up Python 3.8 + uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + with: + python-version: 3.8 + - name: Install dependencies + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + pip install flake8 pytest + if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi + - name: Lint with flake8 + run: | + # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names + flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide + flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + - name: Test with pytest + run: | + pytest example.py + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Start Commit" button: + + ```{figure} img/gh_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + :width: 400px + + Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitLab + + In this step we will enable GitLab CI. + Select "CI/CD" from your Gitlab sidebar of the project. You get to a page + "Editor". (Instead you can also click on "Add CI/CD" on the main page or just add a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file the result is identical. + + Copy the following code snippet into the file. Gitlab will save it as `.gitlab-ci.yml`. + Add `pytest example.py` to the last line (highlighted): + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 22 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python + # For more information see: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Python.gitlab-ci.yml + + image: python:latest + stages: + - linting + - test + before_script: + - cat /proc/version #print out operations system + - python -V # Print out python version for debugging + - pip install pytest flake8 + - if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt;fi + + linting: + stage: linting + script: + - flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + - flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + + test: + stage: test + script: + - pytest example.py + + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Commit changes" button: + + ```{figure} img/gl_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + :width: 400px + + Committing the file via the GitLab web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` +````` + + +### Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} GitHub + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Actions" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitLab + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a blue marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/gl_green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Pipelines" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` +````` + + +### Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem + +After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository: + +```console +$ git pull origin main +``` + +Hint for helpers: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called `main` and not perhaps `master`. + +Next uncomment the code in `example.py` under "step 5", commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the "Actions" tab (GitHub) +or the "CI/CD->Pipelines" tab (GitLab). + + +### Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab + +Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the "Issues" button on +GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that your colleague will fix the issue through a pull/merge request. + + +### Step 7: Fork and clone the repository of your colleague + +Fork the repository using the GitHub/GitLab web interface. +(if you are unfamiliar with forking and pull requests, have a look at +[this visual representation](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/03-distributed/#forking-layout)). + +**Make sure you clone the fork after you have forked it. Do not clone +your colleague's repository directly.** + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} GitHub + + ```console + $ git clone https://github.com/your-username/the-repository.git + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitLab + + ```console + $ git clone https://gitlab.com/your-username/the-repository.git + ``` + ```` +````` + + +### Step 8: Fix the broken test + +After you have fixed the code, commit the following commit message +`"restore function subtract; fixes #1"` (assuming that you try to fix +issue number 1). + +Then push to your fork. + + +### Step 9: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) + +Then before accepting the pull request/ merge request from your colleague, observe +how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI automatically tested the code. + +If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you can still add it to +the pull request/ merge request: `my pull/merge request title, closes #NUMBEROFTHEISSUE` + + +### Step 10: Accept the pull request/ merge request + +Observe how accepting the pull request/ merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull request/ merge request contained the correct issue number). + +See also: +- GitHub: [closing issues using keywords](https://help.github.com/articles/closing-issues-using-keywords/) +- GitLab: [closing issues using keywords](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/issues/managing_issues.html#closing-issues) + +Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful? + + +### Discussion + +Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise. + + +```{challenge} (optional) FullCI-2: Add a license file to the previous exercise's repository +In the [Social coding and open software](https://cicero.xyz/v3/remark/0.14.0/github.com/coderefinery/social-coding/master/talk.md/) +lesson we learn how important it is to add a LICENSE file. + +Your goal: +- You discover that your coworker's repository does not have a LICENSE file. +- Open an issue and suggest a LICENSE. +- Then add a LICENSE via a pull/merge request, referencing the issue number. +``` + +--- + +## Where to go from here + +- This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages +- GitHub Actions has a [Marketpace](https://github.com/marketplace?type=actions) which offer wide range of automatic workflows +- On GitLab use [GitLab CI](https://about.gitlab.com/product/continuous-integration/) +- For Windows builds you can also use [Appveyor](https://www.appveyor.com) + + +```{keypoints} +- When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue + autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request. +``` diff --git a/_sources/guide.md.txt b/_sources/guide.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e7a478 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/guide.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +# Instructor guide + +## Detailed schedule + +- 9:00-9:15 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/) +- 9:15-9:40 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/) + - explain the exercise: 5 min + - **20 min exercise** +- 9:40-10:00 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/) + - demo +- 10:00-10:10 Break +- 10:10-10:50 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/) + - explain the exercise: 10 min + - **20 min exercise** + - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes +- 10:50-11:00 Discussion and summary + + +## Why we teach this lesson + +- Because writing tests and using automated testing is often part + of the development process, especially for codes that are larger than + a simple script. +- We wish to give learners the tools so that they can rewrite codes and + collaborate on a code projects with more confidence. +- Testing can help detecting regressions during development instead of later + (when using the code) or too late (after having published results). +- Can simplify collaboration since contributors can be more confident that + their changes preserve expected functionality. +- Tests document the intent of the function/module/library/code. +- Tests can guide the code towards more modular and reusable code style with + fewer side effects. + + +## Intended learning outcomes + +- Know that in each language tools exist that can execute a series of test functions + and report success or failure. +- Know that services like GitHub Actions, Azure pipelines, GitLab CI, Appveyor, and others + allow us to automatically run tests on every Git push or every pull request or merge request. +- Be able to approach a function or module or library and design a test for it "in words" + or pseudo-code. +- Know what test coverage means and how it can help to detect untested/unused code. +- Know where in a larger and untested project to start introducing tests since it is beyond + reach and also probably not reasonable to test everything. + + +## How we teach this lesson + +### How to start + +The quote from another testing lesson by Kathryn Huff can be discussed +to get participants to reflect on the role of software testing in +science and its parallels to calibrating measurement devices. The second half +of the quote is left out because it goes so far as to say that untested software +does not constitute science, and this can be offending to learners. + +### Questions to involve participants + +- Do you agree that testing software is similar to calibrating detectors? +- Do you test your code? +- How and when do you test? +- Where would you start adding a test in an existing project? +- In which situations would you recommend not to add any tests? + + +### Structure of the lesson + +#### Motivation and concepts + +The former "motivation" and "concepts" episodes have been combined +into one. Previously, the lesson was described as quite dogmagtic and +without enough time for exercises. When teaching, try to give some of +the benefits, but without being too long about it. The quick +reference has more details on language-specific things. + +#### Testing locally + +After introducing the concepts the lesson becomes hands-on in the +Testing Locally episode. The pytest example there can be done as +type-along and the optional exercise "Testing with numerical +tolerance" can be left as homework. The end-to-end test may be hard +for many people who can't script other programs, but it provides +something that can keep advanced people interested for longer. + +#### Automated testing (or full-cycle collaborative workflow) + +After learning how to run tests locally, the lesson goes into +automated testing using GitHub Actions or GitLab CI in the Automated +Testing episode. This episode is a simplified version of the +collaborative exercise in the optional episode "Full-cycle +collaborative workflow", and the instructor has a choice which one to +teach (with the latter requiring around double the time). The +exercise in Automated Testing can either be done as a type-along +demonstration by the instructor or as an exercise in breakout rooms. + +**If run as an exercise, this episode requires that learners know how +to set up Git repositories locally and online and how to work with +pull/merge requests!** + +If the optional Full-cycle episode is covered, it is useful during the +wrap up of the exercise to have a co-instructor doing the exercise in +parallel with you. As your partner makes a pull requests with "fixes +#1" (or whatever PR number) you can show that the PR links to a issue, +and the issue pointing to a commit. + +#### Test design + +This episode now has exercises in different languages covering +different testing approaches (unit tests, integration tests, testing +randomness, TDD). In normal workshops there are far too many +exercises for the available time so the instructor has freedom to +recommend specific exercises, to let learners choose themselves, or to +recommend learners to discuss rather than implement the tests. + +#### Order of Continuous Integration and Test Design + +When this lesson is taught standalone in a software testing workshop +or hackathon, it might be better to go through the Test Design episode +before the Continuous Integration episode. + +### Timing + +The lesson is stipulated to take around 2 hours, but if more time is +available you can replace the Automated Testing episode with "Full-cycle +collaborative workflow", or give more time to the Test Design episode. + +Splitting the lesson in two halves with a lunch break in the middle +works well. Before lunch you have on hour introduction and the two +first exercises. After lunch you continue with the automated testing +exercise and test design. + +### Room for improvement + +- The lesson is still too Python centric in the "Testing locally" and "Automated testing" episodes. + It would be nice to offer alternatives for learners who write in different languages. +- Currently the lesson is in the "discipline" domain. Testing is + something you do to control behavior (your own as well as the code). + Testing is also something you can do to improve productivity, but this + is less visible/detectable. + + + +## Field reports + +### 2024 March (first time with no exercises) + +This was the first year we did the "all demo" mode with no exercises, +and it worked well enough. Our rough plan can be seen [at this +hackmd](https://hackmd.io/cMowYt5nQOqZj0n1wsIlyw) (not pasted here +because it's kind of long). + +We tried to be fast with motivation, and not go to details. In +"testing locally", we basically did the exercise as a demo. There +wasn't much of note, it worked and there was plenty of +discussion. "Automated testing" worked fine also, except: a) we had to +choose how to push to Github, we used vscode, but not all learners did +that method. Nothing to change here, but be aware you should explain +what and why you are doing for people who didn't use your chosen +method of linking, and b) code coverage didn't work from a PR from a +fork. We had one person set up the automated tests, then swapped +instructors and showed the second making the fork and contributing. + +The biggest thing to think about is how, when demoing testing +locally/automated testing, people ask "how to tests work?", which then +comes later. I don't know if I would change the order, +though... because showing how to design tests without knowing how to +use them would make the same kind of questions, but reversed. I think +it's just a "decide how it is and prepare for the questions" - maybe +in "motivation" or some other summary episode at the start. + +"Test design" didn't have any major problems, but many of the tests +were relatively simple to discuss: the earlier tests would be trivial +to understand if someone shows you the code (should we demonstrate +typing two lines that's the same as in motivation? - but interesting +to do as an exercise). Some of the later ones were interesting to +build up and demonstrate. It would be good to think which exercises +one wants to demo, and which one wants to only talk about. And think +which comes out of each demo/telling. + +Overall, no major issues in doing this demo-based with good +familiarity but limited preparation time. + + +### 2023 September + +For this lesson, "Motivation" and "Concepts" were combined. An extra +end-to-end test was added under "testing locally". + + +### 2023 March + +Due to a mix-up with instructors, we changed the plan at the last +minute and it didn't go so well (we should have known). The original +plan had pytest as a demo, with exercises for Github CI and test +design. We did pytest as an exercise, Github CI as an exercise, and +had almost no time for test design. One complaint was that there +wasn't enough time for practical things, so I think a plan like last +time could have been good. As usual, we should have found a way to +talk less and do more. + +This was the schedule from March 2023: + +```markdown +* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started +* 9:00 - 10:45 [Software testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/) + - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday + - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/) + - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/) + - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/) + - 5 minutes talking + - 15 minute exercises + - 5 going over exercises and discussion + - 9:45-9:55 Break + - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/) + - type-along session + - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/) + - discussion: 5 minutes + - Exercises: 10 minutes. Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do. + - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes + - 10:45-11:00 Break +``` + +### 2022 September + +Overall, it went well with the schedule below. We had to be +efficient, but it seemed like it wasn't too hard. The only complaint +was that there was a lot of time for the first exercise (pytest +locally), which I would agree with. I think for next time, we should +add in parts of that exercise so that there are more advanced things +to do, since there are more nice features of pytest, such as `--pdb`, +running single tests, etc. Other than that, there wasn't really much +to report. + +The way extra long breaks and a 5-minute starting point were included +is quite good for the schedule. Not because we needed them, but it +allowed us to go over time and not be under so much time pressure. + +```markdown +**Day 6** +* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started +* 9:00 - 10:45 Software testing + - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday + - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/) + - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/) + - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/) + - 5 minutes talking + - 15 minute exercises + - 5 going over exercises and discussion + - 9:45-9:55 Break + - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/) + - type-along session + - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/) + - discussion: 5 minutes + - Exercises: 10 minutes. Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do. + - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes + - 10:45-11:00 Break +``` + +### 2019 November instructor training workshop + +Some notes about teaching are here: + diff --git a/_sources/index.rst.txt b/_sources/index.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de66f07 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/index.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code +====================================================================================== + +Have you ever had some of these problems?: + +- You change B and C, and suddenly A doesn't work anymore. Time + wasted trying to figure out what changed. +- There was some simple problem, systematically testing could have + found it. +- You get someone else's code and are afraid to touch it because who + knows what might break. Plot twist: it's your own code! + +People have learned that some automatic way to check problems makes +software development much easier. This lesson will talk about the +places it's useful for research code, and how easy it can be. +We will discuss why testing often needs to be part of the +software development cycle and how such a cycle can be implemented. We will +see how automated testing works and practice designing and writing tests. + +.. prereq:: + + 1. You need `pytest `__ (as part of Anaconda or Miniconda or Virtual Environment). + + 2. (Optional) To work on exercises in other languages than Python, + please follow the instructions under "Language-specific + instructions" in the `Test design episode `__ + to install the recommended testing frameworks. + + 3. Basic understanding of Git. + + 4. You need a `GitHub `__ or a `Gitlab + `__ account for the "automated testing" and + "full-cycle collaborative workflow" (but the rest works fine + just locally). + + +.. csv-table:: + :widths: auto + :delim: ; + + 15 min ; :doc:`motivation` + 25 min ; :doc:`pytest` + 30 min ; :doc:`continuous-integration` + 30 min ; :doc:`test-design` + 5 min ; :doc:`conclusions` + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: The lesson + + motivation + pytest + continuous-integration + test-design + conclusions + full-cycle-ci + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Reference + + exercises + quick-reference + guide + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: About + + All lessons + CodeRefinery + Reusing diff --git a/_sources/motivation.md.txt b/_sources/motivation.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e79685 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/motivation.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +# Motivation + +```{objectives} +- Appreciate the importance of testing software +- Understand various benefits of testing +``` + + +## Untested software can be compared to uncalibrated detectors + +*"Before relying on a new experimental device, an experimental scientist always +establishes its accuracy. A new detector is calibrated when the scientist +observes its responses to known input signals. The results of this +calibration are compared against the expected response."* + +> [From [Testing and Continuous Integration with Python](https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/python-testing/), created by K. Huff] + +With testing, simulations and analysis using software *can* be held to the same standards as experimental measurement devices! + +What can go wrong when research software has bugs? Look no further: + +- [A Scientist's Nightmare: Software Problem Leads to Five Retractions](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/314/5807/1856.summary) +- [Researchers find bug in Python script may have affected hundreds of studies](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/10/chemists-discover-cross-platform-python-scripts-not-so-cross-platform/) + +--- + +## Testing in a nutshell + +In software tests, expected results are compared with observed results +in order to establish accuracy. Why are we not comparing directly all +digits with the expected result?: + +````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/fahrenheit_to_celsius_test.py + :language: python + ``` + ``` + + ```{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/fahrenheit_to_celsius_test.cpp + :language: C++ + ``` + ``` + + ```{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/fahrenheit_to_celsius_test.R + :language: R + ``` + ``` + + ```{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/fahrenheit_to_celsius_test.jl + :language: Julia + ``` + ``` + + ```{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/fahrenheit_to_celsius_test.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ``` +```` + +Or you can test whole programs: +```console +$ python3 run-test.py + +running: sample_data/set1.csv --output=tests/set1.txt +CORRECT +``` + +--- + +## What can tests help you do? + +**Preserving expected functionality** +- Check old things when you add new ones + +**Help users of your code** +- Verify it's installed correctly and works. +- See examples of what it should do. + +**Help other developers modify it** +- Change things with confidence that nothing is breaking. +- Warning if documentation/examples go out of date. + +**Manage complexity** +- If code is easy to test, it's probably easier to maintain. +- The next lesson [Modular code development](https://coderefinery.github.io/modular-type-along/) + demonstrates this. + +--- + +## Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests? + +```{discussion} Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests? + +Vote in the notes and we'll discuss soon. **It is always a balance: there is no "always"/"never"**. + +1. Jupyter or R Markdown notebook which produces a plot and you know by + looking at the plot whether it worked? +2. A short, "obviously correct" Python or R script which you never intend to reuse? +3. A simple short, "obviously correct" shell script? +4. Can you give other examples? + +``` + +--- + +## Discussion: What's easy and hard to test? + +```{discussion} Discussion: Testing in practice + +Use the collaborative notes to answer these questions: + +1. Give examples of things (from your work) that are easy to test. +2. Give examples of things (from your work) that are hard to test. +``` + +--- + +## Types of tests + +* Test functions one at a time - **Unit tests** + +* Test how parts work together - **Integration tests** + +* Test the whole thing running - **End-to-end tests** + * For example, running on sample data. + +* Check same results as before - **Regression tests** + +* Write test first (the output), then write code to make test pass - + **Test-driven development** + +* GitHub or GitLab runs tests automatically - **Continuous + integration** + +* Report that tells you which lines were/were not run by tests - + **Code coverage** + +* Framework that runs test for you - **Testing framework** + * See [Quick Reference](./quick-reference) for some examples. + +--- + +## What should you do? + +* Not every code needs perfect test coverage. + +* If code is interactive-only (Jupyter Notebook), it's usually hard to + test. + + * But also hard to run: the next lesson will discuss! + +* At least end-to-end is often easy to add. + +* Add tests of tricky functions. + + * If you'd have to run it over and over to test while writing, why + not make it a property test? + +* It's easy to have Gitlab/Github run the tests. + + * It's nice to push without thinking, and the system tells you when + it's broke. + +* **Learning how to test well make the rest of your code better, too.** + +--- + +## Where to start + +- A simple script or notebook probably does not need an automated test. + +**If you have nothing yet** +- Start with an end-to-end test. +- Describe in words how *you* check whether the code still works. +- Translate the words into a script. +- Run the script automatically on every code change. + +**If you want to start with unit-testing** +- You want to rewrite a function? Start adding a unit test right there first. diff --git a/_sources/pytest.md.txt b/_sources/pytest.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9272744 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/pytest.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +# Testing locally + +```{questions} +- How hard is it to implement a test suite using pytest? +``` + + +## Exercise [pytest](http://doc.pytest.org) + +In this exercise we will make a simple Python function and use +[pytest](http://doc.pytest.org) to test it. + +* This is easy to use by almost any Python project and doesn't rely on any + other servers or services. Similar things exist in other languages. +* The downside is that you have to remember to run it yourself. + +We will try to +keep things simple so that those who do not use Python can follow. + +````{challenge} Local-1: Create a minimal Pytest example (15 min) +In this exercise, we will create a minimal example using +the [pytest](http://doc.pytest.org), run the test, and show what +happens when a test breaks. + + +1. Create a new directory and change into it: + ```console + $ mkdir pytest-example + $ cd pytest-example + ``` + +2. Then create a file called `example.py` and copy-paste the following code into it: + ```python + def add(a, b): + return a + b + + + def test_add(): + assert add(2, 3) == 5 + assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship' + ``` + This code contains one genuine function and a test function. + `pytest` finds any functions beginning with `test_` and treats them + as tests. + +3. Let us try to test it with pytest: + ```console + $ pytest -v example.py + + ============================================================ test session starts ================================= + platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3 + cachedir: .pytest_cache + rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile: + collected 1 item + + example.py::test_add PASSED + + ========================================================= 1 passed in 0.01 seconds =============================== + ``` + Yay! The test passed! + + Hint for participants trying this inside Spyder or IPython: try `!pytest -v example.py`. + +4. Let us break the test! + Introduce a code change which breaks the code and check + whether pytest detects the change: + ```console + $ pytest -v example.py + + ============================================================ test session starts ================================= + platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3 + cachedir: .pytest_cache + rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile: + collected 1 item + + example.py::test_add FAILED + + ================================================================= FAILURES ======================================= + _________________________________________________________________ test_add _______________________________________ + + def test_add(): + > assert add(2, 3) == 5 + E assert -1 == 5 + E --1 + E +5 + + example.py:6: AssertionError + ========================================================= 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ============== + ``` + Notice how pytest is smart and includes context: lines that failed, + values of the relevant variables. + +```` + +````{challenge} (optional) Local-2: Create a test that considers numerical tolerance (10 min) +Let's see an example where the test has to be more clever in order to +avoid false negative. + +In the above exercise we have compared integers. In this optional exercise we +want to learn how to compare floating point numbers since they are more tricky +(see also ["What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic"](https://floating-point-gui.de/)). + +The following test will fail and this might be surprising. Try it out: + ```python + def add(a, b): + return a + b + + + def test_add(): + assert add(0.1, 0.2) == 0.3 + ``` + +Your goal: find a more robust way to test this addition. +```` + +````{solution} Solution: Local-2 +One solution is to use +[pytest.approx](https://docs.pytest.org/en/4.6.x/reference.html#pytest-approx): +```python +from pytest import approx + +def add(a, b): + return a + b + +def test_add(): + assert add(0.1, 0.2) == approx(0.3) +``` + +But maybe you didn't know about +[pytest.approx](https://docs.pytest.org/en/4.6.x/reference.html#pytest-approx): +and did this instead: +```python +def test_add(): + result = add(0.1, 0.2) + assert abs(result - 0.3) < 1.0e-7 +``` +This is OK but the `1.0e-7` can be a bit arbitrary. +```` + +--- + +```{keypoints} +- pytest collects and runs all test functions starting with + `test_`. If run on a directory, it collects all files matching `test_*.py` +- Python and C/C++ have better tooling for automated tests than Fortran and you can use those also for Fortran projects (via `iso_c_binding`). +``` diff --git a/_sources/quick-reference.md.txt b/_sources/quick-reference.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b60b688 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/quick-reference.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ +# Quick Reference + +## Available tools + +### Unit test frameworks + +A **test framework** makes it easy to run tests across large amounts +of code automatically. They provide more control than one single +script which does some tests. + +- Python + - [pytest](pytest-ref) + - [nose](http://nose.readthedocs.io) + - [doctest](https://docs.python.org/2/library/doctest.html) + - [unittest](https://docs.python.org/2/library/unittest.html) + +- R + - [testthat](testthat) + +- Julia + - [Test](test) + +- Matlab + - [Class-Based Unit Tests](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/class-based-unit-tests.html) + +- C(++) + - [Google Test](google-test) + - [Catch2](catch2) + - [cppunit](https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/cppunit/) + - [Boost.Test](boost-test) + - [UnitTest++](http://unittest-cpp.github.io) + +- Fortran + - [pFUnit](pfunit) + - [FRUIT](https://sourceforge.net/projects/fortranxunit/) + - [Ftunit](http://flibs.sourceforge.net/ftnunit.html) + +--- + +(pytest-ref)= + +### pytest_ + +- Python +- +- Installable via Conda or pip. +- Easy to use: Prefix a function with `test_` and the test runner will execute it. + No need to subclass anything. + +```python +def get_word_lengths(s): + """ + Returns a list of integers representing + the word lengths in string s. + """ + return [len(w) for w in s.split()] + +def test_get_word_lengths(): + text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street" + assert get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6] +``` + +- [Example output](https://travis-ci.org/bast/pytest-demo/builds/104182942) +- [Example project](https://github.com/bast/pytest-demo) + +--- + +(testthat)= + +### testthat + +- R +- +- Easily installed from CRAN with `install.packages("testthat")`, or from GitHub with `devtools::install_github("r-lib/testthat")` +- Use in package development with `usethis::use_testthat()` +- Add a new test file with `usethis::use_test("test-name")`, e.g.: + + ```r + # tests/testthat/test_example.R + # file added by running `usethis::use_test("example")` + + context("Arithmetics") + library("mypackage") + + test_that("square root function works", { + expect_equal(my_sqrt(4), 2) + expect_warning(my_sqrt(-4)) + }) + ``` + + Tests consist of one or more _expectations_, and multiple tests can be grouped together in one test file. + Test files are put in the directory `tests/testthat/`, and their file names are prefixed with `test_`. + +- Run all tests in package with `devtools::test()` (if you use RStudio, press Ctrl+Shift+T): + + ``` + > devtools::test() + Loading mypackage + Testing mypackage + ✔ | OK F W S | Context + ✔ | 2 | Arithmetics + + ══ Results ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ + OK: 2 + Failed: 0 + Warnings: 0 + Skipped: 0 + ``` + + +More information in the [Testing chapter](http://r-pkgs.had.co.nz/tests.html) of the book [R Packages](http://r-pkgs.had.co.nz) by Hadley Wickham. + +--- + +(test)= + +### Test + +- Julia +- - [Documentation](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/stdlib/Test/) +- Part of the standard library +- Provides simple unit testing functionality with + `@test` and `@test_throws` macros: + +```julia +julia> using Test + +julia> @test [1, 2] + [2, 1] == [3, 3] +Test Passed + +# approximate comparisons: +julia> @test π ≈ 3.14 atol=0.01 +Test Passed + +# Tests that an expression throws exception: +julia> @test_throws BoundsError [1, 2, 3][4] +Test Passed + Thrown: BoundsError + +julia> @test_throws DimensionMismatch [1, 2, 3] + [1, 2] +Test Passed + Thrown: DimensionMismatch +``` + +- Grouping related tests with the `@testset` macro: + +```julia +using Test + +function get_word_lengths(s::String) + return [length(w) for w in split(s)] +end + +@testset "Testing get_word_length()" begin + text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street" + @test get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6] + number = 123 + @test_throws MethodError get_word_lengths(number) +end +``` + +--- + +(catch2)= + +### Catch2 + +- C++ +- [Project page with installation instructions](https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2) +- Widely used +- Header-only +- Very rich in functionality +- Well-integrated with CMake + +```cpp +#include + +#include "example.h" + +using namespace Catch::literals; + +TEST_CASE("Use the example library to add numbers", "[add]") { + auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0); + REQUIRE(res == 3.0_a); +} +``` + +- [Example output](https://github.com/ENCCS/catch2-demo/runs/1959590399?check_suite_focus=true) +- [Example project](https://github.com/ENCCS/catch2-demo) + +--- + +(google-test)= + +### Google Test + +- C++ +- [Documentation](https://google.github.io/googletest/) +- Widely used +- Very rich in functionality +- Well-integrated with CMake + +```cpp +#include + +#include "example.h" + +TEST(example, add) { + double res; + res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0); + ASSERT_NEAR(res, 3.0, 1.0e-11); +} +``` + +- [Example output](https://travis-ci.org/bast/gtest-demo/builds/104190982) +- [Example project](https://github.com/bast/gtest-demo) + +--- + +(boost-test)= + +### Boost.Test + +- C++ +- [Documentation](https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_75_0/libs/test/doc/html/index.html) +- Very rich in functionality +- Header-only use possible + +```cpp +#include + +#include "example.h" + +BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( add ) +{ + auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0); + BOOST_TEST(res == 3.0); +} +``` + +- [Example output](https://github.com/ENCCS/boost-test-demo/runs/1959592305?check_suite_focus=true) +- [Example project](https://github.com/ENCCS/boost-test-demo) + +--- + +(pfunit)= + +### pFUnit + +- Fortran +- [Documentation and installation](https://github.com/Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit) +- Very rich in functionality +- Requires modern Fortran compilers (uses F2003 standard) + +``` +@test +subroutine test_add_numbers() + + use hello + use pfunit_mod + + implicit none + + real(8) :: res + + call add_numbers(1.0d0, 2.0d0, res) + @assertEqual(res, 3.0d0) + +end subroutine +``` + +- [Example installation instructions](./code/fortran/build_pFUnit) + +To test the `factorial` and `fizzbuzz` functions from the [test-design +exercises](./test-design), use this `CMakeLists.txt` file: +```{literalinclude} code/fortran/CMakeLists.txt +:language: cmake +``` + +You can then compile using this script: +```{literalinclude} code/fortran/build_with_cmake_and_run.sh +:language: bash +``` + +- [Example output](https://travis-ci.org/bast/pfunit-demo/builds/104193675) +- [Example project](https://github.com/bast/pfunit-demo) + +--- + +### Services to deploy testing and coverage + +Each of these are web services to handle testing, free for open source +projects. + +- [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/features/actions) (we will + demonstrate in next episode) +- [GitLab CI](https://about.gitlab.com/features/gitlab-ci-cd/) + (we will demonstrate in next episode) +- [Azure Pipelines](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/devops/pipelines/) +- [Coveralls](https://coveralls.io) +- [Codecov](https://codecov.io) + +--- + +## Good resources + +- [Getting Started With Testing in Python](https://realpython.com/python-testing/) +- [Introductions to Python Testing Frameworks](http://pythontesting.net/start-here/) + + +```{keypoints} +- Testing is a basic requirement of any possible language +- There are various tools for any language you may use +- There are free web services for open source +``` diff --git a/_sources/test-design.md.txt b/_sources/test-design.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81270c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/test-design.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,777 @@ +# Test design + +```{questions} +- How can different types of functions and classes be tested? +- How can the integrity of a complete program be monitored over time? +- How can functions that involve random numbers be tested? +``` + +In this episode we will consider how functions and programs can be tested in programs developed in different programming languages. + +```{discussion} Exercise instructions +**For the instructor** +- First motivate and give a quick tour of all exercises below (10 minutes). +- Emphasize that the focus of this episode is *design*. It is OK to only discuss in groups and not write code. + +**During exercise session** +- Choose the exercise which interests you most. There are many more exercises than we would have time for. +- Discuss what testing framework can be used to implement the test. +- Keep notes, questions, and answers in the collaborative document. + +**Once we return to stream** +- Discussion about experiences learned. +``` + +`````{callout} Language-specific instructions + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Python + + The suggested solutions below use pytest. Further information can + be found in the [Quick Reference](pytest-ref). + ``` + + ```{group-tab} C++ + + The suggested solutions below use Catch2. Further information can + be found in the [Quick Reference](catch2). + ``` + + ```{group-tab} R + + The suggested solutions below use testthat. Further information can + be found in the [Quick Reference](testthat). + ``` + + ```{group-tab} Julia + + The suggested solutions below use Test. Further information can + be found in the [Quick Reference](test). + ``` + + ```{group-tab} Fortran + + The suggested solutions below use pFUnit. Further information on how to install + pFUnit and set up tests can + be found in the [Quick Reference](pfunit). + ``` + ```` +````` + +## Pure and impure functions + +Start by discussing how you would design tests for the +following five functions, and then try to write the tests. +Also discuss why some are easier to test than others. + +```````{exercise} Design-1: Design a test for a function that receives a number and returns a number + `````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/factorial.py + :language: python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/factorial.cpp + :language: C++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/factorial.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/factorial.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/factorial.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + + ```` + Discussion point: The factorial grows very rapidly. What happens if you + pass a large number as argument to the function? + ````` + +``````{solution} +This is a **pure function** so is easy to test: inputs go to +outputs. For example, start with the below, then think of some +what extreme cases/boundary cases there might be. This example shows +all of the tests as one function, but you might want to make each test +function more fine-grained and test only one concept. + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/factorial_sol.py + :language: python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/factorial_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/factorial_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/factorial_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/test_factorial.pf + ``` + ```` +````` + Notes on the discussion point: Programming languages differ in the way they deal with integer + overflow. Python automatically converts to the necessary `long` type, in Julia you would + observe a "wrap-around", in C/C++ you get undefined behaviour for signed integers. + Testing for overflow likewise depends on the language. +`````` +``````` + +```````{exercise} Design-2: Design a test for a function that receives two strings and returns a number +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/count_word_occurrence_in_string.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/count_word_occurrence_in_string.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/count_word_occurrence_in_string.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/count_word_occurrence_in_string.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/count_word_occurrence_in_string.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + ````` + +``````{solution} +This is again a **pure function** but uses strings. Use a similar strategy +to the above. + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + +`````` +``````` + +```````{exercise} Design-3: Design a test for a function which reads a file and returns a number +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/count_word_occurrence_in_file.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/count_word_occurrence_in_file.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/count_word_occurrence_in_file.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/count_word_occurrence_in_file.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/count_word_occurrence_in_file.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + ````` + +``````{solution} +In this example we test a function which is not pure, because the output +depends on the value of a file. We can generate a temporary file for testing +and remove it afterwards. Even better could be to split file reading from the +calculation, so that testing the calculation part becomes easy (see above). + +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + +````` +`````` +``````` + +```````{exercise} Design-4: Design a test for a function with an external dependency +This one is not easy to test because the function has an external dependency. + +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/reactor_temperature.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/reactor_temperature.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/reactor_temperature.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/reactor_temperature.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/reactor_temperature.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` + +``````{solution} +This function depends on the value of +`reactor.max_temperature` so the function is not pure, so testing gets +harder. You could use monkey patching to override the value of +`max_temperature`, and test it with different values. [Monkey +patching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_patch) is the concept +of artificially changing some other value. + +A better solution would probably be to rewrite the function. + +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/reactor_temperature_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/reactor_temperature_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/reactor_temperature_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/reactor_temperature_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/reactor_temperature_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` +`````` +``````` + +```````{exercise} Design-5: Design a test for a method of a mutable class + +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/Pet.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/Pet.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/Pet.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/Pet.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/Pet.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` + +``````{solution} +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/Pet_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/Pet_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/Pet_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/Pet_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/Pet_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` +`````` +``````` + + +## Test-driven development + +```````{exercise} Design-6: Experience test-driven development + +Write a test before writing the function! You can decide yourself +what your unwritten function should do, but as a suggestion it can +be based on [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) - i.e. +a function that: +- takes an integer argument +- for arguments that are multiples of three, returns "Fizz" +- for arguments that are multiples of five, returns "Buzz" +- for arguments that are multiples of both three and five, returns "FizzBuzz" +- fails in case of non-integer arguments or integer arguments 0 or negative +- otherwise returns the integer itself + +When writing the tests, consider the different ways that the function could +and should fail. + +After you have written the tests, implement the function and run the tests +until they pass. + +``````{solution} + +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/fizzbuzz.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/fizzbuzz.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/fizzbuzz.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/fizzbuzz.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/fizzbuzz.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/test_fizzbuzz.pf + ``` + ```` + ````` +`````` +``````` + + +## Testing randomness + +How would you test functions which generate random numbers +according to some distribution/statistics? + +Functions and modules which contain randomness are +more difficult to test than pure deterministic functions, but +many strategies exist: +- For unit tests we can use fixed random seeds. +- Try to test whether your results follow the expected + distribution/statistics. +- When you verify your code "by eye", what are you looking at? Now try + to express that in a script. + + +```````{exercise} Design-7: Write two different types of tests for randomness + Consider the code below which simulates playing + [Yahtzee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahtzee) by using + random numbers. How would you go about testing it? + + Try to write two types of tests: + - a *unit test* for the `roll_dice` function. Since it uses + random numbers, you will need to **set the random seed**, + pre-calculate what sequence of dice throws you get with that seed, + and use that in your test. + - a test of the `yahtzee` function which considers the statistical + probability of obtaining a "Yahtzee" (5 dice with the same value + after three throws), which is around 4.6%. This test will be + an *integration test* since it tests multiple functions including the + random number generator itself. + + + `````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/yahtzee.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/yahtzee.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/yahtzee.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/yahtzee.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````` + +``````{solution} + `````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/yahtzee_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/yahtzee_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/yahtzee_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/yahtzee_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + ````` +`````` +``````` + + +## Designing an end-to-end test + +In this exercise we will practice designing an end-to-end test. +In an end-to-end test (or integration test), the unit is the entire program. +We typically feed the program with some well defined input and verify +that it still produces the expected output by comparing it to some reference. + +````{exercise} Design-8: Design (but not write) an end-to-end test for the uniq program +To have a tangible example, let us consider the `uniq` command. This command +can read a file or an input stream and remove consecutive repetition. +The program behind `uniq` has been written by somebody else, it probably contains +some functions, but we will not look into it but regard it as "black box". + +If we have a file called `repetitive-text.txt` containing: +``` +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +another line +another line +another line +another line +intermission +more repetition +more repetition +more repetition +more repetition +more repetition +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +``` + +... then feeding this input file to `uniq` like this: +``` +$ uniq < repetitive-text.txt +``` + +... will produce the following output with repetitions removed: +``` +(all together now) all together now +another line +intermission +more repetition +(all together now) all together now +``` + +How would you write an end-to-end test for `uniq`? +```` + +````{exercise} Design-9: More end-to-end testing +- Now imagine a code which reads numbers and produces some (floating + point) numbers. How would you test that? +- How would you test a code end-to-end which produces images? +```` + +`````{exercise} Design-10: Create an actual end-to-end test +Often, you can include tests that run your whole workflow or program. +For example, you might include sample data and check the output +against what you expect. (including sample data is a great idea +anyway, so this helps a lot!) + +We'll use the word-count example repository +. + +As a reminder, you can run the script like this to get some output, +which prints to standard output (the terminal): + +```console +$ python3 statistics/count.py data/abyss.txt +``` + +Your goal is to make a test that can run this and let you know if it's +successful or not. You could use Python, or you could use shell +scripting. You can test if these two lines are in the output: `the +4044` and `and 2807`. + +Python hint: +[subprocess.check_output](https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.check_output) +will run a command and return its output as a string. + +Bash hint: `COMMAND | grep "PATTERN"` ("pipe to grep") will be true if +the pattern is in the command. + +````{solution} +There are two solutions in the repository already, in the `tests/` +dierectory , one in Python +and one in bash shell. Neither of these are a very advanced or +perfect solution, and you could integrate them with pytest or whatever +other test framework you use. + +The shell one works with shell and prints a bit more output: + +```console +$ sh tests/end-to-end-shell.sh +the 4044 +Success: 'the' found correct number of times +and 2807 +Success: 'and' found correct number of times +Success +``` + +The Python one: +```console +$ python3 tests/end-to-end-python.py +Success +``` +```` +````` + +```{keypoints} +- Pure functions (these are functions without side-effects) are easiest to test. + And also easiest to reuse in another code project since they don't depend on + any side-effects. +- Classes can be tested but it's somewhat more elaborate. +``` diff --git a/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js b/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8141580 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +/* Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * Copyright Sphinx contributors + * Released under the two clause BSD licence + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/_static/basic.css b/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30fee9d --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,925 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li p.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +a:visited { + color: #551A8B; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.sig dd { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +.sig dl { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +.translated { + background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2) +} + +.untranslated { + background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2) +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/check-solid.svg b/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/_static/clipboard.min.js b/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/_static/copybutton.css b/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40eafe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +.highlight:hover button.copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/_static/copybutton.js b/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3ecd03 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), 2000) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/_static/css/badge_only.css b/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/css/badge_only.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ 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+ return this; // for chaining... + } +})(jQuery); + +// NO good way to do this!. Copy a hack from here +// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/901115/how-can-i-get-query-string-values-in-javascript +// https://stackoverflow.com/a/2880929 +var urlParams; +(window.onpopstate = function () { + var match, + pl = /\+/g, // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space + search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, + decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, + query = window.location.search.substring(1); + urlParams = {}; + while (match = search.exec(query)) + urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); +})(); + +// Select heading levels +var maxHeading = urlParams['h'] +if (maxHeading === undefined) maxHeading = 2 +var headingLevels = []; +for (h=2 ; h (sections.length-1) ) { + // if we would scroll past bottom, or above top, do nothing + return; + } + + console.log('xxxxxx'); + var targetSection = sections[targetPos]; + console.log(targetSection, typeof(targetSection)); + + // Return targetSection top and height + var secProperties = section_top_and_height(targetSection); 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background-color: #E75C58 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGGreen] { + background-color: #00A250 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGYellow] { + background-color: #DDB62B +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGBlue] { + background-color: #208FFB +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGMagenta] { + background-color: #D160C4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGCyan] { + background-color: #60C6C8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGWhite] { + background-color: #C5C1B4 +} + +/* Font colors for 8-bit ANSI */ + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C0] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC0] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C1] { + color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC1] { + background-color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C2] { + color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC2] { + background-color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C3] { + color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC3] { + background-color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C4] { + color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC4] { + background-color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C5] { + color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC5] { + background-color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C6] { + color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC6] { + background-color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C7] { + color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC7] { + background-color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C8] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC8] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C9] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC9] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C10] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC10] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C11] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC11] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C12] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC12] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C13] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC13] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C14] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC14] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C15] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC15] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C16] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC16] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C17] { + color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC17] { + background-color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C18] { + color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC18] { + background-color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C19] { + color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC19] { + background-color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C20] { + color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC20] { + background-color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C21] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC21] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C22] { + color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC22] { + background-color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C23] { + color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC23] { + background-color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C24] { + color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC24] { + background-color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C25] { + color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC25] { + background-color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C26] { + color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC26] { + background-color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C27] { + color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC27] { + background-color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C28] { + color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC28] { + background-color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C29] { + color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC29] { + background-color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C30] { + color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC30] { + background-color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C31] { + color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC31] { + background-color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C32] { + color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC32] { + background-color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C33] { + color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC33] { + background-color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C34] { + color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC34] { + background-color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C35] { + color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC35] { + background-color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C36] { + color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC36] { + background-color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C37] { + color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC37] { + background-color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C38] { + color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC38] { + background-color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C39] { + color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC39] { + background-color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C40] { + color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC40] { + background-color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C41] { + color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC41] { + background-color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C42] { + color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC42] { + background-color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C43] { + color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC43] { + background-color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C44] { + color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC44] { + background-color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C45] { + color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC45] { + background-color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C46] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC46] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C47] { + color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC47] { + background-color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C48] { + color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC48] { + background-color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C49] { + color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC49] { + background-color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C50] { + color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC50] { + background-color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C51] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC51] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C52] { + color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC52] { + background-color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C53] { + color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC53] { + background-color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C54] { + color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC54] { + background-color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C55] { + color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC55] { + background-color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C56] { + color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC56] { + background-color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C57] { + color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC57] { + background-color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C58] { + color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC58] { + background-color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C59] { + color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC59] { + background-color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C60] { + color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC60] { + background-color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C61] { + color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC61] { + background-color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C62] { + color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC62] { + background-color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C63] { + color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC63] { + background-color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C64] { + color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC64] { + background-color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C65] { + color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC65] { + background-color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C66] { + color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC66] { + background-color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C67] { + color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC67] { + background-color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C68] { + color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC68] { + background-color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C69] { + color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC69] { + background-color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C70] { + color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC70] { + background-color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C71] { + color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC71] { + background-color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C72] { + color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC72] { + background-color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C73] { + color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC73] { + background-color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C74] { + color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC74] { + background-color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C75] { + color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC75] { + background-color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C76] { + color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC76] { + background-color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C77] { + color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC77] { + background-color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C78] { + color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC78] { + background-color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C79] { + color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC79] { + background-color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C80] { + color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC80] { + background-color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C81] { + color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC81] { + background-color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C82] { + color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC82] { + background-color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C83] { + color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC83] { + background-color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C84] { + color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC84] { + background-color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C85] { + color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC85] { + background-color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C86] { + color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC86] { + background-color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C87] { + color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC87] { + background-color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C88] { + color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC88] { + background-color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C89] { + color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC89] { + background-color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C90] { + color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC90] { + background-color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C91] { + color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC91] { + background-color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C92] { + color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC92] { + background-color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C93] { + color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC93] { + background-color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C94] { + color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC94] { + background-color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C95] { + color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC95] { + background-color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C96] { + color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC96] { + background-color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C97] { + color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC97] { + background-color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C98] { + color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC98] { + background-color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C99] { + color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC99] { + background-color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C100] { + color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC100] { + background-color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C101] { + color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC101] { + background-color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C102] { + color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC102] { + background-color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C103] { + color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC103] { + background-color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C104] { + color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC104] { + background-color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C105] { + color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC105] { + background-color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C106] { + color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC106] { + background-color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C107] { + color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC107] { + background-color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C108] { + color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC108] { + background-color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C109] { + color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC109] { + background-color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C110] { + color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC110] { + background-color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C111] { + color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC111] { + background-color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C112] { + color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC112] { + background-color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C113] { + color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC113] { + background-color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C114] { + color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC114] { + background-color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C115] { + color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC115] { + background-color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C116] { + color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC116] { + background-color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C117] { + color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC117] { + background-color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C118] { + color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC118] { + background-color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C119] { + color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC119] { + background-color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C120] { + color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC120] { + background-color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C121] { + color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC121] { + background-color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C122] { + color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC122] { + background-color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C123] { + color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC123] { + background-color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C124] { + color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC124] { + background-color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C125] { + color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC125] { + background-color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C126] { + color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC126] { + background-color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C127] { + color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC127] { + background-color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C128] { + color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC128] { + background-color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C129] { + color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC129] { + background-color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C130] { + color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC130] { + background-color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C131] { + color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC131] { + background-color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C132] { + color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC132] { + background-color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C133] { + color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC133] { + background-color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C134] { + color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC134] { + background-color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C135] { + color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC135] { + background-color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C136] { + color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC136] { + background-color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C137] { + color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC137] { + background-color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C138] { + color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC138] { + background-color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C139] { + color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC139] { + background-color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C140] { + color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC140] { + background-color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C141] { + color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC141] { + background-color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C142] { + color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC142] { + background-color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C143] { + color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC143] { + background-color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C144] { + color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC144] { + background-color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight 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score for each result + // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + // and returns the new score. + /* + score: result => { + const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result + return score + }, + */ + + // query matches the full name of an object + objNameMatch: 11, + // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name + objPartialMatch: 6, + // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object + objPrio: { + 0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults + }, + // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. + objPrioDefault: 0, + + // query found in title + title: 15, + partialTitle: 7, + // query found in terms + term: 5, + partialTerm: 2, + }; +} + +const _removeChildren = (element) => { + while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild); +}; + +/** + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping + */ +const _escapeRegExp = (string) => + string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string + +const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => { + const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER; + const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; + const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; + const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY; + const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root; + + const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item; + + let listItem = document.createElement("li"); + let requestUrl; + let linkUrl; + if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") { + // dirhtml builder + let dirname = docName + "/"; + if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) + dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6); + else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = ""; + requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname; + linkUrl = requestUrl; + } else { + // normal html builders + requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix; + linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix; + } + let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a")); + linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor; + linkEl.dataset.score = score; + linkEl.innerHTML = title; + if (descr) { + listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML = + " (" + descr + ")"; + // highlight search terms in the description + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + } + else if (showSearchSummary) + fetch(requestUrl) + .then((responseData) => responseData.text()) + .then((data) => { + if (data) + listItem.appendChild( + Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms) + ); + // highlight search terms in the summary + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + }); + Search.output.appendChild(listItem); +}; +const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => { + Search.stopPulse(); + Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results"); + if (!resultCount) + Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext( + "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories." + ); + else + Search.status.innerText = _( + `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.` + ); +}; +const _displayNextItem = ( + results, + resultCount, + searchTerms, + highlightTerms, +) => { + // results left, load the summary and display it + // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount) + if (results.length) { + _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms); + setTimeout( + () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms), + 5 + ); + } + // search finished, update title and status message + else _finishSearch(resultCount); +}; + +/** + * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a + * custom function per language. + * + * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters + * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters. + * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area. + */ +if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") { + var splitQuery = (query) => query + .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu) + .filter(term => term) // remove remaining empty strings +} + +/** + * Search Module + */ +const Search = { + _index: null, + _queued_query: null, + _pulse_status: -1, + + htmlToText: (htmlString) => { + const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html'); + htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink").forEach((el) => { el.remove() }); + const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]'); + if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent; + console.warn( + "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template." + ); + return ""; + }, + + init: () => { + const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q"); + document + .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]') + .forEach((el) => (el.value = query)); + if (query) Search.performSearch(query); + }, + + loadIndex: (url) => + (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url), + + setIndex: (index) => { + Search._index = index; + if (Search._queued_query !== null) { + const query = Search._queued_query; + Search._queued_query = null; + Search.query(query); + } + }, + + hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null, + + deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query), + + stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1), + + startPulse: () => { + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return; + + const pulse = () => { + Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; + Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status); + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + }; + pulse(); + }, + + /** + * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) + */ + performSearch: (query) => { + // create the required interface elements + const searchText = document.createElement("h2"); + searchText.textContent = _("Searching"); + const searchSummary = document.createElement("p"); + searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary"); + searchSummary.innerText = ""; + const searchList = document.createElement("ul"); + searchList.classList.add("search"); + + const out = document.getElementById("search-results"); + Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText); + Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span")); + Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary); + Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList); + + const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress"); + // Some themes don't use the search progress node + if (searchProgress) { + searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search..."); + } + Search.startPulse(); + + // index already loaded, the browser was quick! + if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query); + else Search.deferQuery(query); + }, + + /** + * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) + */ + query: (query) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles; + const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries; + + // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list + const stemmer = new Stemmer(); + const searchTerms = new Set(); + const excludedTerms = new Set(); + const highlightTerms = new Set(); + const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim())); + splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => { + const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase(); + + // maybe skip this "word" + // stopwords array is from language_data.js + if ( + stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 || + queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/) + ) + return; + + // stem the word + let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower); + // select the correct list + if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1)); + else { + searchTerms.add(word); + highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower); + } + }); + + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) { // set in sphinx_highlight.js + localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" ")) + } + + // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:"); + // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]); + // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]); + + // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + let results = []; + _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress")); + + const queryLower = query.toLowerCase(); + for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) { + if (title.toLowerCase().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title, + id !== null ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // search for explicit entries in index directives + for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) { + if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundEntries) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + id ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // lookup as object + objectTerms.forEach((term) => + results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms)) + ); + + // lookup as search terms in fulltext + results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms)); + + // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function + if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item))); + + // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the + // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then + // alphabetically + results.sort((a, b) => { + const leftScore = a[4]; + const rightScore = b[4]; + if (leftScore === rightScore) { + // same score: sort alphabetically + const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase(); + const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase(); + if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0; + return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional + } + return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1; + }); + + // remove duplicate search results + // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept + let seen = new Set(); + results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => { + let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(','); + if (!seen.has(resultStr)) { + acc.push(result); + seen.add(resultStr); + } + return acc; + }, []); + + results = results.reverse(); + + // for debugging + //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy + // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults); + + // print the results + _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms); + }, + + /** + * search for object names + */ + performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const objects = Search._index.objects; + const objNames = Search._index.objnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const results = []; + + const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => { + const name = match[4] + const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name; + const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase(); + if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return; + + let score = 0; + const parts = fullnameLower.split("."); + + // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or + // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) + if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object) + score += Scorer.objNameMatch; + else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1) + score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name + + const objName = objNames[match[1]][2]; + const title = titles[match[0]]; + + // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be + // found in the name/title/description + const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms); + otherTerms.delete(object); + if (otherTerms.size > 0) { + const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase(); + if ( + [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0) + ) + return; + } + + let anchor = match[3]; + if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname; + else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname; + + const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title; + + // add custom score for some objects according to scorer + if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) + score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; + else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; + + results.push([ + docNames[match[0]], + fullname, + "#" + anchor, + descr, + score, + filenames[match[0]], + ]); + }; + Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) => + objects[prefix].forEach((array) => + objectSearchCallback(prefix, array) + ) + ); + return results; + }, + + /** + * search for full-text terms in the index + */ + performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => { + // prepare search + const terms = Search._index.terms; + const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms; + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const scoreMap = new Map(); + const fileMap = new Map(); + + // perform the search on the required terms + searchTerms.forEach((word) => { + const files = []; + const arr = [ + { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term }, + { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title }, + ]; + // add support for partial matches + if (word.length > 2) { + const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word); + Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word]) + arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm }); + }); + Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word]) + arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle }); + }); + } + + // no match but word was a required one + if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return; + + // found search word in contents + arr.forEach((record) => { + if (record.files === undefined) return; + + let recordFiles = record.files; + if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles]; + files.push(...recordFiles); + + // set score for the word in each file + recordFiles.forEach((file) => { + if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {}); + scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score; + }); + }); + + // create the mapping + files.forEach((file) => { + if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) + fileMap.get(file).push(word); + else fileMap.set(file, [word]); + }); + }); + + // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms + const results = []; + for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) { + // check if all requirements are matched + + // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded + const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter( + (term) => term.length > 2 + ).length; + if ( + wordList.length !== searchTerms.size && + wordList.length !== filteredTermCount + ) + continue; + + // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result + if ( + [...excludedTerms].some( + (term) => + terms[term] === file || + titleTerms[term] === file || + (terms[term] || []).includes(file) || + (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file) + ) + ) + break; + + // select one (max) score for the file. + const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w])); + // add result to the result list + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + return results; + }, + + /** + * helper function to return a node containing the + * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list + * of stemmed words. + */ + makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords) => { + const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); + if (text === "") return null; + + const textLower = text.toLowerCase(); + const actualStartPosition = [...keywords] + .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase())) + .filter((i) => i > -1) + .slice(-1)[0]; + const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0); + + const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "..."; + const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : ""; + + let summary = document.createElement("p"); + summary.classList.add("context"); + summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail; + + return summary; + }, +}; + +_ready(Search.init); diff --git a/_static/sphinx_highlight.js b/_static/sphinx_highlight.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a96c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/sphinx_highlight.js @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */ +"use strict"; + +const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true + +/** + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; + + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } + + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( + rest, + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this + * function recursively on the remaining fragment. + */ + _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); + } + } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); + } +}; +const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const SphinxHighlight = { + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords: () => { + if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return; // bail if no highlight + + // get and clear terms from localstorage + const url = new URL(window.location); + const highlight = + localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + || url.searchParams.get("highlight") + || ""; + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); + + // get individual terms from highlight string + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do + + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '" + ) + ); + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + }, + + initEscapeListener: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) { + SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +_ready(() => { + /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page. + * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query. + */ + if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords(); + SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener(); +}); diff --git a/_static/sphinx_lesson.css b/_static/sphinx_lesson.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14b20c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/sphinx_lesson.css @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +/* sphinx_lesson.css */ + +body.wy-body-for-nav img.with-border { + border: 2px solid; +} + +.rst-content .admonition-no-content { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} + +.rst-content .demo > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F440"; /* Eyes */ } +.rst-content .type-along > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02328\0FE0F"; /* Keyboard */ } +.rst-content .exercise > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\0270D\0FE0F"; /* Hand */ } +.rst-content .solution > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02714\0FE0E"; /* Check mark */ } +.rst-content .homework > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4DD"; /* Memo */ } +.rst-content .discussion > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4AC"; /* Speech balloon */ } +.rst-content .questions > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02753\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } +.rst-content .prerequisites > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02699"; /* Gear */ } +.rst-content .seealso > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\027A1\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } + + +/* instructor-note */ +.rst-content .instructor-note { + background: #e7e7e7; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title { + background: #6a6a6a; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title::before { + content: ""; +} + + +/* sphinx_toggle_button, make the font white */ +.rst-content .toggle.admonition button.toggle-button { + color: white; +} + +/* sphinx-togglebutton, remove underflow when toggled to hidden mode */ +.rst-content .admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} diff --git a/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css b/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e68feb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/* The following are for web accessibility of sphinx_rtd_theme: they + * solve some of the most frequent contrast issues. Remove when this + * solved: + * https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/971 + */ +/* background: #fcfcfc, note boxes #E7F2FA */ +a { color: #2573A7; } /* original #2980B9, #1F5C84; */ +body { color: #242424; } /* original #404040, #383838 */ +.wy-side-nav-search>a, .wy-side-nav-search .wy-dropdown>a { + color: #ffffff; +} /* original #fcfcfc */ +footer { color: #737373; } /* original gray=#808080*/ +footer span.commit code, footer span.commit .rst-content tt, .rst-content footer span.commit tt { + color: #737373; +} /* original gray=#808080*/ +.rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content code.literal { + color: #AB2314; +} +/* Sidebar background */ +.wy-side-nav-search { background-color: #277CB4;} + +/* Same, but for pygments */ +.highlight .ch { color: #3E7A89; } /* #! line */ +.highlight .c1 { color: #3E7A89; } /* also comments */ +.highlight .nv { color: #AD3ECC; } /* variable */ +.highlight .gp { color: #B45608; } /* prompt character, $*/ +.highlight .si { color: #3975B1; } /* ${} variable text */ +.highlight .nc { color: #0C78A7; } + +/* Sphinx admonitions */ +/* warning */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #B15E16; } +/* important */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-success .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .important .admonition-title, .rst-content .tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #12826C; } +/* seealso, note, etc */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-info .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .admonition-title, .rst-content .note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } +/* error, danger */ +.rst-content .danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .error .admonition-title, .rst-content .error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .rst-content .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .wy-alert-title { + background: #e31704; +} + +/* Generic admonition titles */ +.wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } diff --git a/_static/tabs.css b/_static/tabs.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..957ba60 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/tabs.css @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.sphinx-tabs { + margin-bottom: 1rem; +} + +[role="tablist"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid #a0b3bf; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab { + position: relative; + font-family: Lato,'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + color: #1D5C87; + line-height: 24px; + margin: 0; + font-size: 16px; + font-weight: 400; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); + border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0; + border: 0; + padding: 1rem 1.5rem; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + font-weight: 700; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + border-bottom: 1px solid white; + margin: -1px; + background-color: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab:focus { + z-index: 1; + outline-offset: 1px; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel { + position: relative; + padding: 1rem; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + margin: 0px -1px -1px -1px; + border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; + border-top: 0; + background: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel.code-tab { + padding: 0.4rem; +} + +.sphinx-tab img { + margin-bottom: 24 px; +} + +/* Dark theme preference styling */ + +@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } +} + +/* Explicit dark theme styling */ + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} diff --git a/_static/tabs.js b/_static/tabs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48dc303 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/tabs.js @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +try { + var session = window.sessionStorage || {}; +} catch (e) { + var session = {}; +} + +window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { + const allTabs = document.querySelectorAll('.sphinx-tabs-tab'); + const tabLists = document.querySelectorAll('[role="tablist"]'); + + allTabs.forEach(tab => { + tab.addEventListener("click", changeTabs); + }); + + tabLists.forEach(tabList => { + tabList.addEventListener("keydown", keyTabs); + }); + + // Restore group tab selection from session + const lastSelected = session.getItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected'); + if (lastSelected != null) selectNamedTabs(lastSelected); +}); + +/** + * Key focus left and right between sibling elements using arrows + * @param {Node} e the element in focus when key was pressed + */ +function keyTabs(e) { + const tab = e.target; + let nextTab = null; + if (e.keyCode === 39 || e.keyCode === 37) { + tab.setAttribute("tabindex", -1); + // Move right + if (e.keyCode === 39) { + nextTab = tab.nextElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.firstElementChild; + } + // Move left + } else if (e.keyCode === 37) { + nextTab = tab.previousElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.lastElementChild; + } + } + } + + if (nextTab !== null) { + nextTab.setAttribute("tabindex", 0); + nextTab.focus(); + } +} + +/** + * Select or deselect clicked tab. If a group tab + * is selected, also select tab in other tabLists. + * @param {Node} e the element that was clicked + */ +function changeTabs(e) { + // Use this instead of the element that was clicked, in case it's a child + const notSelected = this.getAttribute("aria-selected") === "false"; + const positionBefore = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const notClosable = !this.parentNode.classList.contains("closeable"); + + deselectTabList(this); + + if (notSelected || notClosable) { + selectTab(this); + const name = this.getAttribute("name"); + selectNamedTabs(name, this.id); + + if (this.classList.contains("group-tab")) { + // Persist during session + session.setItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected', name); + } + } + + const positionAfter = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const positionDelta = positionAfter - positionBefore; + // Scroll to offset content resizing + window.scrollTo(0, window.scrollY + positionDelta); +} + +/** + * Select tab and show associated panel. + * @param {Node} tab tab to select + */ +function selectTab(tab) { + tab.setAttribute("aria-selected", true); + + // Show the associated panel + document + .getElementById(tab.getAttribute("aria-controls")) + .removeAttribute("hidden"); +} + +/** + * Hide the panels associated with all tabs within the + * tablist containing this tab. + * @param {Node} tab a tab within the tablist to deselect + */ +function deselectTabList(tab) { + const parent = tab.parentNode; + const grandparent = parent.parentNode; + + Array.from(parent.children) + .forEach(t => t.setAttribute("aria-selected", false)); + + Array.from(grandparent.children) + .slice(1) // Skip tablist + .forEach(panel => panel.setAttribute("hidden", true)); +} + +/** + * Select grouped tabs with the same name, but no the tab + * with the given id. + * @param {Node} name name of grouped tab to be selected + * @param {Node} clickedId id of clicked tab + */ +function selectNamedTabs(name, clickedId=null) { + const groupedTabs = document.querySelectorAll(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + const tabLists = Array.from(groupedTabs).map(tab => tab.parentNode); + + tabLists + .forEach(tabList => { + // Don't want to change the tabList containing the clicked tab + const clickedTab = tabList.querySelector(`[id="${clickedId}"]`); + if (clickedTab === null ) { + // Select first tab with matching name + const tab = tabList.querySelector(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + deselectTabList(tab); + selectTab(tab); + } + }) +} + +if (typeof exports === 'undefined') { + exports = {}; +} + +exports.keyTabs = keyTabs; +exports.changeTabs = changeTabs; +exports.selectTab = selectTab; +exports.deselectTabList = deselectTabList; +exports.selectNamedTabs = selectNamedTabs; diff --git a/_static/term_role_formatting.css b/_static/term_role_formatting.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b66095 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/term_role_formatting.css @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +/* Make terms bold */ +a.reference span.std-term { + font-weight: bold; +} diff --git a/_static/togglebutton.css b/_static/togglebutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54a6787 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/togglebutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +/** + * Admonition-based toggles + */ + +/* Visibility of the target */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title ~ * { + transition: opacity .3s, height .3s; +} + +/* Toggle buttons inside admonitions so we see the title */ +.admonition.toggle { + position: relative; +} + +/* Titles should cut off earlier to avoid overlapping w/ button */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title { + padding-right: 25%; + cursor: pointer; +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:hover { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 1%); +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:active { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 3%); +} + +/* Remove extra whitespace below the admonition title when hidden */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0; +} + +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +/* hides all the content of a page until de-toggled */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title ~ * { + height: 0; + margin: 0; + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* General button style and position*/ +button.toggle-button { + /** + * Background and shape. By default there's no background + * but users can style as they wish + */ + background: none; + border: none; + outline: none; + + /* Positioning just inside the admonition title */ + position: absolute; + right: 0.5em; + padding: 0px; + border: none; + outline: none; +} + +/* Display the toggle hint on wide screens */ +@media (min-width: 768px) { + button.toggle-button.toggle-button-hidden:before { + content: attr(data-toggle-hint); /* This will be filled in by JS */ + font-size: .8em; + align-self: center; + } +} + +/* Icon behavior */ +.tb-icon { + transition: transform .2s ease-out; + height: 1.5em; + width: 1.5em; + stroke: currentColor; /* So that we inherit the color of other text */ +} + +/* The icon should point right when closed, down when open. */ +/* Open */ +.admonition.toggle button .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +/* Closed */ +.admonition.toggle button.toggle-button-hidden .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(0deg); +} + +/* With details toggles, we don't rotate the icon so it points right */ +details.toggle-details .tb-icon { + height: 1.4em; + width: 1.4em; + margin-top: 0.1em; /* To center the button vertically */ +} + + +/** + * Details-based toggles. + * In this case, we wrap elements with `.toggle` in a details block. + */ + +/* Details blocks */ +details.toggle-details { + margin: 1em 0; +} + + +details.toggle-details summary { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + cursor: pointer; + list-style: none; + border-radius: .2em; + border-left: 3px solid #1976d2; + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 10%); + padding: 0.2em 0.7em 0.3em 0.5em; /* Less padding on left because the SVG has left margin */ + font-size: 0.9em; +} + +details.toggle-details summary:hover { + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 20%); +} + +details.toggle-details summary:active { + background: rgb(204 204 204 / 28%); +} + +.toggle-details__summary-text { + margin-left: 0.2em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary { + margin-bottom: .5em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary ~ * { + animation: toggle-fade-in .3s ease-out; +} + +@keyframes toggle-fade-in { + from {opacity: 0%;} + to {opacity: 100%;} +} + +/* Print rules - we hide all toggle button elements at print */ +@media print { + /* Always hide the summary so the button doesn't show up */ + details.toggle-details summary { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/togglebutton.js b/_static/togglebutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215a7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/togglebutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +/** + * Add Toggle Buttons to elements + */ + +let toggleChevron = ` + + + +`; + +var initToggleItems = () => { + var itemsToToggle = document.querySelectorAll(togglebuttonSelector); + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Adding toggle buttons to ${itemsToToggle.length} items`) + // Add the button to each admonition and hook up a callback to toggle visibility + itemsToToggle.forEach((item, index) => { + if (item.classList.contains("admonition")) { + // If it's an admonition block, then we'll add a button inside + // Generate unique IDs for this item + var toggleID = `toggle-${index}`; + var buttonID = `button-${toggleID}`; + + item.setAttribute('id', toggleID); + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle")){ + item.classList.add("toggle"); + } + // This is the button that will be added to each item to trigger the toggle + var collapseButton = ` + `; + + title = item.querySelector(".admonition-title") + title.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend", collapseButton); + thisButton = document.getElementById(buttonID); + + // Add click handlers for the button + admonition title (if admonition) + admonitionTitle = document.querySelector(`#${toggleID} > .admonition-title`) + if (admonitionTitle) { + // If an admonition, then make the whole title block clickable + admonitionTitle.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + admonitionTitle.dataset.target = toggleID + admonitionTitle.dataset.button = buttonID + } else { + // If not an admonition then we'll listen for the button click + thisButton.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + } + + // Now hide the item for this toggle button unless explicitly noted to show + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + toggleHidden(thisButton); + } + } else { + // If not an admonition, wrap the block in a
block + // Define the structure of the details block and insert it as a sibling + var detailsBlock = ` +
+ + ${toggleChevron} + ${toggleHintShow} + +
`; + item.insertAdjacentHTML("beforebegin", detailsBlock); + + // Now move the toggle-able content inside of the details block + details = item.previousElementSibling + details.appendChild(item) + item.classList.add("toggle-details__container") + + // Set up a click trigger to change the text as needed + details.addEventListener('click', (click) => { + let parent = click.target.parentElement; + if (parent.tagName.toLowerCase() == "details") { + summary = parent.querySelector("summary"); + details = parent; + } else { + summary = parent; + details = parent.parentElement; + } + // Update the inner text for the proper hint + if (details.open) { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintShow; + } else { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintHide; + } + + }); + + // If we have a toggle-shown class, open details block should be open + if (item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + details.click(); + } + } + }) +}; + +// This should simply add / remove the collapsed class and change the button text +var toggleHidden = (button) => { + target = button.dataset['target'] + var itemToToggle = document.getElementById(target); + if (itemToToggle.classList.contains("toggle-hidden")) { + itemToToggle.classList.remove("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.remove("toggle-button-hidden"); + } else { + itemToToggle.classList.add("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.add("toggle-button-hidden"); + } +} + +var toggleClickHandler = (click) => { + // Be cause the admonition title is clickable and extends to the whole admonition + // We only look for a click event on this title to trigger the toggle. + + if (click.target.classList.contains("admonition-title")) { + button = click.target.querySelector(".toggle-button"); + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("tb-icon")) { + // We've clicked the icon and need to search up one parent for the button + button = click.target.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.tagName == "polyline") { + // We've clicked the SVG elements inside the button, need to up 2 layers + button = click.target.parentElement.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("toggle-button")) { + // We've clicked the button itself and so don't need to do anything + button = click.target; + } else { + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Couldn't find button for ${click.target}`) + } + target = document.getElementById(button.dataset['button']); + toggleHidden(target); +} + +// If we want to blanket-add toggle classes to certain cells +var addToggleToSelector = () => { + const selector = ""; + if (selector.length > 0) { + document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((item) => { + item.classList.add("toggle"); + }) + } +} + +// Helper function to run when the DOM is finished +const sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(addToggleToSelector) +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(initToggleItems) + +/** Toggle details blocks to be open when printing */ +if (toggleOpenOnPrint == "true") { + window.addEventListener("beforeprint", () => { + // Open the details + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.dataset["togglestatus"] = el.open; + el.open = true; + }); + + // Open the admonitions + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle.toggle-hidden").forEach((el) => { + console.log(el); + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] = "true"; + }); + }); + window.addEventListener("afterprint", () => { + // Re-close the details that were closed + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.open = el.dataset["togglestatus"] == "true"; + delete el.dataset["togglestatus"]; + }); + + // Re-close the admonition toggle buttons + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle").forEach((el) => { + if (el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] == "true") { + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + delete el.dataset["toggle_after_print"]; + } + }); + }); +} diff --git a/branch/main/.buildinfo b/branch/main/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0fd9871 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: f3b4ac9a51841a3e5573ae4e92c33070 +tags: d77d1c0d9ca2f4c8421862c7c5a0d620 diff --git a/branch/main/.nojekyll b/branch/main/.nojekyll new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/branch/main/_images/gh_action_commit.png b/branch/main/_images/gh_action_commit.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a438ad Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/gh_action_commit.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/gl_action_commit.png b/branch/main/_images/gl_action_commit.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6104809 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/gl_action_commit.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/gl_green_check_mark.png b/branch/main/_images/gl_green_check_mark.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2ac0a0 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/gl_green_check_mark.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/green_check_mark.png b/branch/main/_images/green_check_mark.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..143780b Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/green_check_mark.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/python_application.png b/branch/main/_images/python_application.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53fdc89 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/python_application.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_images/testing_group_work.png b/branch/main/_images/testing_group_work.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbc5215 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_images/testing_group_work.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/code/fortran/build_pFUnit.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/code/fortran/build_pFUnit.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8eecd73 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/code/fortran/build_pFUnit.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +--- +orphan: true +--- + +# Example installation of pFUnit and pFUnit_demos + +## Set up the environment + +Installing pFUnit requires Git, a Fortran compiler and CMake. + +### On a cluster + +On an HPC cluster you might need to add a few environment modules. For +example, on [Tetralith](https://www.nsc.liu.se/systems/tetralith/) you +would do: + +```bash +module add git/2.19.3-nsc1-gcc-system +module add CMake/3.16.4-nsc1 +export FC=/software/sse/manual/mpprun/4.1.3/nsc-wrappers/ifort +``` + +### On own computer + +If you don't have [CMake](https://cmake.org/) or a Fortran compiler +installed yet, one option is to install them into a conda environment +by first saving the following into a file `environment.yml`: + +```yaml +name: compilers +channels: + - conda-forge +dependencies: + - cmake + - compilers +``` + +followed by installing the packages into a new environment: +```bash +conda env create -f environment.yml +``` +and finally activating the environment: +```bash +conda activate compilers +``` + +For good measure, set the `FC` variable to point to your +Fortran compiler (adjust path as needed): +```bash +export FC=$HOME/miniconda3/envs/compilers/bin/gfortran +``` + +## Clone the pFUnit repository + +```bash +git clone --recursive git@github.com:Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit.git +cd pFUnit +``` + +## Configure with Cmake + +```bash +mkdir build +cd build +cmake .. +``` + +## Build and install + +The following will install pFUnit into a directory `installed` under +the `build` directory. + +```bash +make tests +make install +``` + +## Compiling with pFUnit + +When compiling with pFUnit, set: +```bash +export PFUNIT_DIR=$HOME/path/to/pFUnit/build/installed +``` + +and run CMake with `-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$PFUNIT_DIR`. + + +## Clone the pFUnit_demos repository + +This is for testing and learning purposes. + +```bash +git clone git@github.com:Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit_demos.git +``` + +### Try out the Trivial, Basic, and MPI examples + +```bash +cd pFUnit_demos +export PFUNIT_DIR=~pFUnit/build/installed/PFUNIT-4.2 +cd Trivial +./build_with_cmake_and_run.x +cd ../Basic +./build_with_cmake_and_run.x +cd ../MPI +./build_with_cmake_and_run.x +´´´ diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/concepts.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/concepts.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d830bb --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/concepts.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +--- +orphan: true +--- + +This page has been merged with [Motivation](motivation) diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/conclusions.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/conclusions.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2872a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/conclusions.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Conclusions and recommendations + +## The basics + +- Learn one test framework well enough for basics + - Explore and use the good tools that exist out there + - An incomplete list of testing frameworks can be found in the [Quick Reference](quick-reference) +- Start with some basics + - Some simple thing that test all parts +- Automate tests + - Faster feedback and reduce the number of surprises + + +## Going more in-depth + +- Strike a healthy balance between unit tests and integration tests +- As the code gets larger and the chance of undetected bugs + increases, tests should increase +- When adding new functionality, also add tests +- When you discover and fix a bug, also commit a test against this bug +- Use code coverage analysis to identify untested or unused code +- If you make your code easier to test, it becomes more modular + + +## Ways to get started + +You probably won't do everything perfectly when you start off... But +what are some of the easy starting points? + +- Do you have some single functions that are easy to test, but hard to + verify just by looking at them? Add unit tests. + +- Do you have data analysis or simulation of some sort? Make an + end-to-end test with sample data, or sample parameters. This is + useful as an example anyway. + +- A local testing framework + GitHub actions is very easy! And works + well in the background - you do whatever you want and get an email + if you break things. It's actually pretty freeing. diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/continuous-integration.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/continuous-integration.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..74e9680 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/continuous-integration.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,592 @@ +# Automated testing + +```{questions} +- How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository? +- Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages? +``` + +## Continuous integration + +We will now learn to set up automatic tests using either GitHub Actions or +GitLab CI - you can choose which one to use and instructions are provided for both. + +This exercise can be run in "collaborative mode" by following instead the instructions +in [Full-cycle collaborative workflow](./full-cycle-ci). In the collaborative version steps +C-D below are performed by a collaborator. + + +```{challenge} Exercise CI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab + +In this exercise, we will: + +- **A.** Create and add code to a repository on GitHub/GitLab (or, alternatively, fork and clone an existing example repository) +- **B.** Set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +- **C.** Find a bug in our repository and open an issue to report it +- **D.** Fix the bug on a bugfix branch and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +- **E.** Merge the pull/merge request and see how the issue is automatically closed. +- **F.** Create a test to increase the code coverage of our tests. +``` + +### Prerequisites + +If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +[this git-refresher material](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-refresher/). +If you are new to pull requests / merge requests, you can learn all about them +in the [Collaborative Git lesson](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/). + + +### Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab OR fork from the example repo + +#### Create a new repository + +- Begin by creating a repository called (for example) *example-ci*. +- **Before** you create the repository, select **"Initialize this repository + with a README"** (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo). +- Clone the repository (`git clone git@github.com:/example-ci.git`). +- Add the following files and code + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + Add a file `functions.py` containing: + + ```python + def add(a, b): + return a + b + + def subtract(a, b): + return a + b # <--- fix this in step 7 + + def multiply(a, b): + return a * b + + def convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit): + return multiply(subtract(fahrenheit, 32), 9 / 5) # <-- Fix this in step 7 + ``` + and a file `test_functions.py` containing: + + ```python + + from functions import add, subtract, multiply + from functions import convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius as f2c + import pytest + + def test_add(): + assert add(2, 3) == 5 + assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship' + + # uncomment the following test in step 5 + #def test_subtract(): + # assert subtract(2, 3) == -1 + + # uncomment the following test in step 11 + # def test_convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius(): + # assert f2c(32) == 0 + # assert f2c(122) == pytest.approx(50) + # with pytest.raises(AssertionError): + # f2c(-600) + + ``` + Finally, stage the files (`git add `), commit (`git commit -m "some commit message"`), + and push the changes (`git push origin main`). + + ```` + ````{group-tab} R + - Make a folder ``rtestingexample`` + - In that folder create a file ``DESCRIPTION`` with the following contents: + ``` + Package: rtestingexample + Title: Testing package for R and github actions + Version: 0.0.0.9000 + Authors@R: + person("Your", "Name", , "none@example.com", role = c("aut", "cre"), + ) + Author: Your Name + Maintainer: Your Name + Description: Just a few functions that are being tested. + License: MIT + Encoding: UTF-8 + Depends: testthat + Roxygen: list(markdown = TRUE) + RoxygenNote: 7.2.3 + ``` + - In that folder create a file ``NAMESPACE`` with the following content: + ``` + # Default NAMESPACE created by R + # Remove the previous line if you edit this file + + # Export all names + exportPattern(".") + + # Import all packages listed as Imports or Depends + import( + testthat + ) + ``` + - create a subfolder `R` (this will contain all functions of the package) + - in the `R` folder create a file `functions.R`with the following content: + ```R + add <- function(a,b){ + return(a + b); + } + + subtract <- function(a,b){ + return(a - b); + } + + multiply <- function(a,b){ + return(a * b); + } + + convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius <- function(fahrenheit){ + C_temp <- multiply(subtract(fahrenheit,32),5/9); + return(C_temp); + } + ``` + - create a subfolder `tests` + - in `tests` create a folder `testthat` and a file `testthat.R` with the following content: + ```R + # This file is part of the standard setup for testthat. + # It is recommended that you do not modify it. + # + # Where should you do additional test configuration? + # Learn more about the roles of various files in: + # * https://r-pkgs.org/tests.html + # * https://testthat.r-lib.org/reference/test_package.html#special-files + + library(testthat) + library(rtestingexample) + + test_check("rtestingexample") + ``` + - in the `testthat` folder create a file `test-functions.R` with the following content: + ```R + + test_that(desc = "Add", code = { + c <- add(2,3); # Runs the function + + # Test that the result is the correct value + expect_equal(c,5); + + # Test that the result is numeric + expect_true(is.numeric(c)); + }) + + # uncomment the following test in step 11 + #test_that(desc = "Fahrenheit to Celsius", code = { + # + # temp_C <- convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius(50); + # expect_equal(temp_C,10); + # expect_true(is.numeric(temp_C)); + #}) + + # uncomment the following test in step 5 + #test_that(desc = "Subtract", code = { + # c <- subtract(3,2); + # expect_equal(c,1); + # expect_true(is.numeric(c)); + #}) + + ```` +````` + + + +#### Fork and clone an existing example repository + +- Fork the example repo. There are two options one for [python](https://github.com/AaltoRSE/PyTestingExample) and one for [R](https://github.com/AaltoRSE/RTestingExample). +- Clone your fork (`git clone git@github.com:/TestingExample.git`). + + + +### Step 2: Run tests locally +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + You can now run your tests locally with + ``` + pytest + ``` + ```` + ````{group-tab} R + You can now run your tests (and a complete check of this package) locally by running: + ``` + Rscript -e 'testthat::test_local()'` + ``` +> **_NOTE:_** You might need to install the testthat package before you can run the command above ( in R `install.packages("testthat")`) +````` + + + +### Step 3: Enable automated testing + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} GitHub-Python + + In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. + Select "Actions" from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page + "Get started with GitHub Actions". Select the button for "Configure" + under Python Application: + + ```{figure} img/python_application.png + :alt: Selecting a Python workflow + + Select "Python application" as the starter workflow. + ``` + + GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder `.github/workflows`. + Modify the highlited lines according to the action below. This will add a code coverage + report to new pull requests. The if clause restricts this to pull requests, as otherwise + this action would not have a target to write the reports to. On pushes only the unittesting is run. + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 16,29,39-45 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a variety of Python versions + # For more information see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/building-and-testing-python + + name: Python package + + on: + push: + branches: [ "main" ] + pull_request: + branches: [ "main" ] + + jobs: + build: + permissions: + contents: read + pull-requests: write + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v3 + - name: Set up Python 3.10 + uses: actions/setup-python@v3 + with: + python-version: "3.10" + - name: Install dependencies + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + python -m pip install flake8 pytest pytest-cov + if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi + - name: Lint with flake8 + run: | + # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names + flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide + flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + - name: Test with pytest and calculate coverage + run: | + pytest --cov-report "xml:coverage.xml" --cov=. + - name: Create Coverage + if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }} + uses: orgoro/coverage@v3 + with: + coverageFile: coverage.xml + token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Start Commit" button: + + ```{figure} img/gh_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + + Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitLab-Python + + In this step we will enable GitLab CI. + Select "CI/CD" from your Gitlab sidebar of the project. You get to a page + "Editor". (Instead you can also click on "Add CI/CD" on the main page or just add a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file the result is identical. + + Copy the following code snippet into the file. Gitlab will save it as `.gitlab-ci.yml`. + Add `pytest test_functions.py` to the last line (highlighted): + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 22 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python + # For more information see: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Python.gitlab-ci.yml + + image: python:latest + stages: + - linting + - test + before_script: + - cat /proc/version #print out operations system + - python -V # Print out python version for debugging + - pip install pytest flake8 + - if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt;fi + + linting: + stage: linting + script: + - flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + - flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + + test: + stage: test + script: + - pytest + + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Commit changes" button: + + ```{figure} img/gl_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + :width: 400px + + Committing the file via the GitLab web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitHub-R + + In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. + Select "Actions" from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page + "Get started with GitHub Actions". Unfortunately, as of the creation of this lecture, the default "R package action" + that is suggested by github is quite complex and not really fit for our purpose. Instead we will create our own + workflow as detailed below. + So first click on the " set up a workflow yourself" link above the "Search workflows" field. + + GitHub creates a "main.yml" file that we can now modify as needed. + + - First, replace the name by a more descriptive one (e.g. r_testing.yml) + + - Then add the following code to the file: + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 25-31,37 + --- + # Workflow derived from https://github.com/r-lib/actions/tree/v2/examples + # Need help debugging build failures? Start at https://github.com/r-lib/actions#where-to-find-help + on: + push: + branches: [main] + pull_request: + branches: [main] + + name: test-coverage + + jobs: + test-coverage: + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + env: + GITHUB_PAT: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} + name: R + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v3 + - name: Setup R + uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2 + with: + use-public-rspm: true + - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r-dependencies@v2 + with: + extra-packages: | + any::covr + any::rcmdcheck + needs: | + coverage + check + working-directory: 'rtestingexample' + - name: Test coverage + run: | + covr::codecov( + quiet = FALSE, + clean = FALSE, + path = "rtestingexample", + install_path = file.path(Sys.getenv("RUNNER_TEMP"), "package") + ) + shell: Rscript {0} + + - name: Show testthat output + if: always() + run: | + ## -------------------------------------------------------------------- + find ${{ runner.temp }}/package -name 'testthat.Rout*' -exec cat '{}' \; || true + shell: bash + + - name: Upload test results + if: failure() + uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3 + with: + name: coverage-test-failures + path: ${{ runner.temp }}/package + ``` + The action is a modified version of the action generated by [covr](https://covr.r-lib.org/) using the `usethis::use_github_action("test-coverage")` command. + It is built up from several actions provided by the [r-lib project](https://github.com/r-lib/actions), along with the test/coverage commands. + + + + Commit the change by pressing the "Start Commit" button: + + ```{figure} img/gh_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + + Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` + + +````` + + +### Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} GitHub-Python + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Actions" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitLab-Python + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a blue marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/gl_green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Pipelines" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` + ````{group-tab} GitHub-R + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Actions" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` +````` + + +### Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem + +After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository: + +```console +$ git pull origin main +``` + +Hint: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called `main` and not perhaps `master`. + +Next uncomment the code in `test_functions.py` under "step 5", commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the "Actions" tab (GitHub) +or the "CI/CD->Pipelines" tab (GitLab). + + +### Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab + +Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the +"Issues" button on GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that we will fix the issue through a pull/merge request. + + +### Step 7: Fix the broken test + +Now fix the code **on a new branch**, you can call it `yourname/bugfix`. +After you have fixed the code on the new branch, commit the following +commit message `"restore function subtract; fixes #1"` (assuming that +you try to fix issue number 1). + +```{callout} Shortcut + + Here it's perfectly possible to take a shortcut and commit and push + directly to the main branch. If you do this, steps 8-9 below are skipped. + - When would you push directly to the main branch, and when would you send a + pull/merge request? +``` + + +Then push to your repository. + + +### Step 8: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) + +Go back to the repository on GitHub or GitLab and open a pull/merge +request. **In a collaborative setting, you could request a code +review from collaborators at this stage.** Before accepting the +pull/merge request, observe how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI +automatically tested the code. + +If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you +can still add it to the pull/merge request: `my pull/merge request +title, closes #1`. + + +### Step 9: Accept the pull/merge request + +Observe how accepting the pull/merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull/merge request contained the correct issue number). + +See also: +- GitHub: [closing issues using keywords](https://help.github.com/articles/closing-issues-using-keywords/) +- GitLab: [closing issues using keywords](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/issues/managing_issues.html#closing-issues) + +Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful? + +### Step 10: Increase your code coverage + +We are currently missing several functions in our tests. Write a test for the `multiply` function in a new branch and create a pull request. +On python you can directly observe the increase in code coverage. +On R you can have a look at the action (`Actions -> last run of your action -> Select a job -> Test coverage`). If you compare this with the +previous run, you should see an increase once the update is in. + +### Step 11 (optional): Repeat steps 5-9 for the `convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius` function: + +Repetition helps learning, so let's do the testing again for our `convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius` function. +Uncomment the test for the `convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius` function and repeat steps 5 to 9 fixing the bug this test exposes. + + +### Discussion + +Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise. + +--- + +## Where to go from here + +- This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages +- This workflow is very useful for collaborators who work on the same code and it works both for + [centralized](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/02-centralized/) and + [forking](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/03-distributed/) workflows - have a look at this + [alternative exercise](./full-cycle-ci) to see how that works. +- GitHub Actions has a [Marketpace](https://github.com/marketplace?type=actions) which offer wide range of automatic workflows +- On GitLab use [GitLab CI](https://about.gitlab.com/product/continuous-integration/) +- For Windows builds you can also use [Appveyor](https://www.appveyor.com) + + +```{keypoints} +- When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue + autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request. +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/exercises.rst.txt b/branch/main/_sources/exercises.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d874855 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/exercises.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +List of exercises +================= + +Full list +--------- + +This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests. + +.. exerciselist:: diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/full-cycle-ci.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/full-cycle-ci.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..871ec60 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/full-cycle-ci.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,347 @@ +# (Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow + +```{questions} +- How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository? +- Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages? +``` + + +## Exercise a full-cycle collaborative workflow + +This exercise is a collaborative version of the [Automated testing exercise](./continuous-integration). + +```{exercise} FullCI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab with pull requests and issues +This is an expanded version of the {doc}`automated testing demonstration `. +The exercise is performed in a collaborative circle within the exercise group +(breakout room). + +The exercise takes 20-30 minutes. + +In this exercise, everybody will: + +**A.** Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab (everybody should use a **different repository name** for their repository) +**B.** Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +**C.** Everybody will find a bug in their repository and open an issue in their repository +**D.** Then each one will clone the repo of one of their exercise partners, fix the bug, + and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +**E.** Everybody then merges their co-worker's change +``` + +```{figure} img/testing_group_work.png +:alt: Graph with exercise steps +:width: 300px + +Overview of this exercise. Below we detail the steps. +``` + +### Prerequisites + +If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +[this git-refresher material](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-refresher/). + + +### Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab + +- Select a **different repository name** than your colleagues (otherwise forking the same name will be strange) +- **Before** you create the repository, select **"Initialize this repository + with a README"** (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo). +- Share the repository URL with your exercise group via shared document or chat + + +### Step 2: Clone your own repository, add code, commit, and push + +Clone the repository. + +Add a file `example.py` containing: + +```python +def add(a, b): + return a + b + + +def test_add(): + assert add(2, 3) == 5 + assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship' + + +def subtract(a, b): + return a + b # <--- fix this in step 8 + + +# uncomment the following test in step 5 +#def test_subtract(): +# assert subtract(2, 3) == -1 +``` +Test `example.py` with `pytest`. + +Then stage the file (`git add `), commit (`git commit -m "some commit message"`), +and push the changes (`git push origin main`). + + +### Step 3: Enable automated testing + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} GitHub + + In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. + Select "Actions" from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page + "Get started with GitHub Actions". Select the button for "Set up + this workflow" under Python Application: + + ```{figure} img/python_application.png + :alt: Selecting a Python workflow + + Select "Python application" as the starter workflow. + ``` + + GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder `.github/workflows`. + Add `pytest example.py` to the last line (highlighted): + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 34-36 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python + # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions + + name: Python application + + on: + push: + branches: [ main ] + pull_request: + branches: [ main ] + + jobs: + build: + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Set up Python 3.8 + uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + with: + python-version: 3.8 + - name: Install dependencies + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + pip install flake8 pytest + if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi + - name: Lint with flake8 + run: | + # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names + flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide + flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + - name: Test with pytest + run: | + pytest example.py + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Start Commit" button: + + ```{figure} img/gh_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + :width: 400px + + Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitLab + + In this step we will enable GitLab CI. + Select "CI/CD" from your Gitlab sidebar of the project. You get to a page + "Editor". (Instead you can also click on "Add CI/CD" on the main page or just add a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file the result is identical. + + Copy the following code snippet into the file. Gitlab will save it as `.gitlab-ci.yml`. + Add `pytest example.py` to the last line (highlighted): + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 22 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python + # For more information see: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Python.gitlab-ci.yml + + image: python:latest + stages: + - linting + - test + before_script: + - cat /proc/version #print out operations system + - python -V # Print out python version for debugging + - pip install pytest flake8 + - if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt;fi + + linting: + stage: linting + script: + - flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + - flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + + test: + stage: test + script: + - pytest example.py + + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Commit changes" button: + + ```{figure} img/gl_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + :width: 400px + + Committing the file via the GitLab web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` +````` + + +### Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} GitHub + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Actions" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitLab + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a blue marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/gl_green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Pipelines" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` +````` + + +### Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem + +After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository: + +```console +$ git pull origin main +``` + +Hint for helpers: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called `main` and not perhaps `master`. + +Next uncomment the code in `example.py` under "step 5", commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the "Actions" tab (GitHub) +or the "CI/CD->Pipelines" tab (GitLab). + + +### Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab + +Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the "Issues" button on +GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that your colleague will fix the issue through a pull/merge request. + + +### Step 7: Fork and clone the repository of your colleague + +Fork the repository using the GitHub/GitLab web interface. +(if you are unfamiliar with forking and pull requests, have a look at +[this visual representation](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/03-distributed/#forking-layout)). + +**Make sure you clone the fork after you have forked it. Do not clone +your colleague's repository directly.** + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} GitHub + + ```console + $ git clone https://github.com/your-username/the-repository.git + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} GitLab + + ```console + $ git clone https://gitlab.com/your-username/the-repository.git + ``` + ```` +````` + + +### Step 8: Fix the broken test + +After you have fixed the code, commit the following commit message +`"restore function subtract; fixes #1"` (assuming that you try to fix +issue number 1). + +Then push to your fork. + + +### Step 9: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) + +Then before accepting the pull request/ merge request from your colleague, observe +how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI automatically tested the code. + +If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you can still add it to +the pull request/ merge request: `my pull/merge request title, closes #NUMBEROFTHEISSUE` + + +### Step 10: Accept the pull request/ merge request + +Observe how accepting the pull request/ merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull request/ merge request contained the correct issue number). + +See also: +- GitHub: [closing issues using keywords](https://help.github.com/articles/closing-issues-using-keywords/) +- GitLab: [closing issues using keywords](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/issues/managing_issues.html#closing-issues) + +Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful? + + +### Discussion + +Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise. + + +```{challenge} (optional) FullCI-2: Add a license file to the previous exercise's repository +In the [Social coding and open software](https://cicero.xyz/v3/remark/0.14.0/github.com/coderefinery/social-coding/master/talk.md/) +lesson we learn how important it is to add a LICENSE file. + +Your goal: +- You discover that your coworker's repository does not have a LICENSE file. +- Open an issue and suggest a LICENSE. +- Then add a LICENSE via a pull/merge request, referencing the issue number. +``` + +--- + +## Where to go from here + +- This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages +- GitHub Actions has a [Marketpace](https://github.com/marketplace?type=actions) which offer wide range of automatic workflows +- On GitLab use [GitLab CI](https://about.gitlab.com/product/continuous-integration/) +- For Windows builds you can also use [Appveyor](https://www.appveyor.com) + + +```{keypoints} +- When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue + autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request. +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/guide.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/guide.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e7a478 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/guide.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +# Instructor guide + +## Detailed schedule + +- 9:00-9:15 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/) +- 9:15-9:40 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/) + - explain the exercise: 5 min + - **20 min exercise** +- 9:40-10:00 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/) + - demo +- 10:00-10:10 Break +- 10:10-10:50 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/) + - explain the exercise: 10 min + - **20 min exercise** + - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes +- 10:50-11:00 Discussion and summary + + +## Why we teach this lesson + +- Because writing tests and using automated testing is often part + of the development process, especially for codes that are larger than + a simple script. +- We wish to give learners the tools so that they can rewrite codes and + collaborate on a code projects with more confidence. +- Testing can help detecting regressions during development instead of later + (when using the code) or too late (after having published results). +- Can simplify collaboration since contributors can be more confident that + their changes preserve expected functionality. +- Tests document the intent of the function/module/library/code. +- Tests can guide the code towards more modular and reusable code style with + fewer side effects. + + +## Intended learning outcomes + +- Know that in each language tools exist that can execute a series of test functions + and report success or failure. +- Know that services like GitHub Actions, Azure pipelines, GitLab CI, Appveyor, and others + allow us to automatically run tests on every Git push or every pull request or merge request. +- Be able to approach a function or module or library and design a test for it "in words" + or pseudo-code. +- Know what test coverage means and how it can help to detect untested/unused code. +- Know where in a larger and untested project to start introducing tests since it is beyond + reach and also probably not reasonable to test everything. + + +## How we teach this lesson + +### How to start + +The quote from another testing lesson by Kathryn Huff can be discussed +to get participants to reflect on the role of software testing in +science and its parallels to calibrating measurement devices. The second half +of the quote is left out because it goes so far as to say that untested software +does not constitute science, and this can be offending to learners. + +### Questions to involve participants + +- Do you agree that testing software is similar to calibrating detectors? +- Do you test your code? +- How and when do you test? +- Where would you start adding a test in an existing project? +- In which situations would you recommend not to add any tests? + + +### Structure of the lesson + +#### Motivation and concepts + +The former "motivation" and "concepts" episodes have been combined +into one. Previously, the lesson was described as quite dogmagtic and +without enough time for exercises. When teaching, try to give some of +the benefits, but without being too long about it. The quick +reference has more details on language-specific things. + +#### Testing locally + +After introducing the concepts the lesson becomes hands-on in the +Testing Locally episode. The pytest example there can be done as +type-along and the optional exercise "Testing with numerical +tolerance" can be left as homework. The end-to-end test may be hard +for many people who can't script other programs, but it provides +something that can keep advanced people interested for longer. + +#### Automated testing (or full-cycle collaborative workflow) + +After learning how to run tests locally, the lesson goes into +automated testing using GitHub Actions or GitLab CI in the Automated +Testing episode. This episode is a simplified version of the +collaborative exercise in the optional episode "Full-cycle +collaborative workflow", and the instructor has a choice which one to +teach (with the latter requiring around double the time). The +exercise in Automated Testing can either be done as a type-along +demonstration by the instructor or as an exercise in breakout rooms. + +**If run as an exercise, this episode requires that learners know how +to set up Git repositories locally and online and how to work with +pull/merge requests!** + +If the optional Full-cycle episode is covered, it is useful during the +wrap up of the exercise to have a co-instructor doing the exercise in +parallel with you. As your partner makes a pull requests with "fixes +#1" (or whatever PR number) you can show that the PR links to a issue, +and the issue pointing to a commit. + +#### Test design + +This episode now has exercises in different languages covering +different testing approaches (unit tests, integration tests, testing +randomness, TDD). In normal workshops there are far too many +exercises for the available time so the instructor has freedom to +recommend specific exercises, to let learners choose themselves, or to +recommend learners to discuss rather than implement the tests. + +#### Order of Continuous Integration and Test Design + +When this lesson is taught standalone in a software testing workshop +or hackathon, it might be better to go through the Test Design episode +before the Continuous Integration episode. + +### Timing + +The lesson is stipulated to take around 2 hours, but if more time is +available you can replace the Automated Testing episode with "Full-cycle +collaborative workflow", or give more time to the Test Design episode. + +Splitting the lesson in two halves with a lunch break in the middle +works well. Before lunch you have on hour introduction and the two +first exercises. After lunch you continue with the automated testing +exercise and test design. + +### Room for improvement + +- The lesson is still too Python centric in the "Testing locally" and "Automated testing" episodes. + It would be nice to offer alternatives for learners who write in different languages. +- Currently the lesson is in the "discipline" domain. Testing is + something you do to control behavior (your own as well as the code). + Testing is also something you can do to improve productivity, but this + is less visible/detectable. + + + +## Field reports + +### 2024 March (first time with no exercises) + +This was the first year we did the "all demo" mode with no exercises, +and it worked well enough. Our rough plan can be seen [at this +hackmd](https://hackmd.io/cMowYt5nQOqZj0n1wsIlyw) (not pasted here +because it's kind of long). + +We tried to be fast with motivation, and not go to details. In +"testing locally", we basically did the exercise as a demo. There +wasn't much of note, it worked and there was plenty of +discussion. "Automated testing" worked fine also, except: a) we had to +choose how to push to Github, we used vscode, but not all learners did +that method. Nothing to change here, but be aware you should explain +what and why you are doing for people who didn't use your chosen +method of linking, and b) code coverage didn't work from a PR from a +fork. We had one person set up the automated tests, then swapped +instructors and showed the second making the fork and contributing. + +The biggest thing to think about is how, when demoing testing +locally/automated testing, people ask "how to tests work?", which then +comes later. I don't know if I would change the order, +though... because showing how to design tests without knowing how to +use them would make the same kind of questions, but reversed. I think +it's just a "decide how it is and prepare for the questions" - maybe +in "motivation" or some other summary episode at the start. + +"Test design" didn't have any major problems, but many of the tests +were relatively simple to discuss: the earlier tests would be trivial +to understand if someone shows you the code (should we demonstrate +typing two lines that's the same as in motivation? - but interesting +to do as an exercise). Some of the later ones were interesting to +build up and demonstrate. It would be good to think which exercises +one wants to demo, and which one wants to only talk about. And think +which comes out of each demo/telling. + +Overall, no major issues in doing this demo-based with good +familiarity but limited preparation time. + + +### 2023 September + +For this lesson, "Motivation" and "Concepts" were combined. An extra +end-to-end test was added under "testing locally". + + +### 2023 March + +Due to a mix-up with instructors, we changed the plan at the last +minute and it didn't go so well (we should have known). The original +plan had pytest as a demo, with exercises for Github CI and test +design. We did pytest as an exercise, Github CI as an exercise, and +had almost no time for test design. One complaint was that there +wasn't enough time for practical things, so I think a plan like last +time could have been good. As usual, we should have found a way to +talk less and do more. + +This was the schedule from March 2023: + +```markdown +* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started +* 9:00 - 10:45 [Software testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/) + - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday + - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/) + - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/) + - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/) + - 5 minutes talking + - 15 minute exercises + - 5 going over exercises and discussion + - 9:45-9:55 Break + - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/) + - type-along session + - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/) + - discussion: 5 minutes + - Exercises: 10 minutes. Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do. + - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes + - 10:45-11:00 Break +``` + +### 2022 September + +Overall, it went well with the schedule below. We had to be +efficient, but it seemed like it wasn't too hard. The only complaint +was that there was a lot of time for the first exercise (pytest +locally), which I would agree with. I think for next time, we should +add in parts of that exercise so that there are more advanced things +to do, since there are more nice features of pytest, such as `--pdb`, +running single tests, etc. Other than that, there wasn't really much +to report. + +The way extra long breaks and a 5-minute starting point were included +is quite good for the schedule. Not because we needed them, but it +allowed us to go over time and not be under so much time pressure. + +```markdown +**Day 6** +* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started +* 9:00 - 10:45 Software testing + - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday + - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/) + - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/) + - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/) + - 5 minutes talking + - 15 minute exercises + - 5 going over exercises and discussion + - 9:45-9:55 Break + - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/) + - type-along session + - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/) + - discussion: 5 minutes + - Exercises: 10 minutes. Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do. + - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes + - 10:45-11:00 Break +``` + +### 2019 November instructor training workshop + +Some notes about teaching are here: + diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/index.rst.txt b/branch/main/_sources/index.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..de66f07 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/index.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code +====================================================================================== + +Have you ever had some of these problems?: + +- You change B and C, and suddenly A doesn't work anymore. Time + wasted trying to figure out what changed. +- There was some simple problem, systematically testing could have + found it. +- You get someone else's code and are afraid to touch it because who + knows what might break. Plot twist: it's your own code! + +People have learned that some automatic way to check problems makes +software development much easier. This lesson will talk about the +places it's useful for research code, and how easy it can be. +We will discuss why testing often needs to be part of the +software development cycle and how such a cycle can be implemented. We will +see how automated testing works and practice designing and writing tests. + +.. prereq:: + + 1. You need `pytest `__ (as part of Anaconda or Miniconda or Virtual Environment). + + 2. (Optional) To work on exercises in other languages than Python, + please follow the instructions under "Language-specific + instructions" in the `Test design episode `__ + to install the recommended testing frameworks. + + 3. Basic understanding of Git. + + 4. You need a `GitHub `__ or a `Gitlab + `__ account for the "automated testing" and + "full-cycle collaborative workflow" (but the rest works fine + just locally). + + +.. csv-table:: + :widths: auto + :delim: ; + + 15 min ; :doc:`motivation` + 25 min ; :doc:`pytest` + 30 min ; :doc:`continuous-integration` + 30 min ; :doc:`test-design` + 5 min ; :doc:`conclusions` + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: The lesson + + motivation + pytest + continuous-integration + test-design + conclusions + full-cycle-ci + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Reference + + exercises + quick-reference + guide + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: About + + All lessons + CodeRefinery + Reusing diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/motivation.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/motivation.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e79685 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/motivation.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +# Motivation + +```{objectives} +- Appreciate the importance of testing software +- Understand various benefits of testing +``` + + +## Untested software can be compared to uncalibrated detectors + +*"Before relying on a new experimental device, an experimental scientist always +establishes its accuracy. A new detector is calibrated when the scientist +observes its responses to known input signals. The results of this +calibration are compared against the expected response."* + +> [From [Testing and Continuous Integration with Python](https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/python-testing/), created by K. Huff] + +With testing, simulations and analysis using software *can* be held to the same standards as experimental measurement devices! + +What can go wrong when research software has bugs? Look no further: + +- [A Scientist's Nightmare: Software Problem Leads to Five Retractions](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/314/5807/1856.summary) +- [Researchers find bug in Python script may have affected hundreds of studies](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/10/chemists-discover-cross-platform-python-scripts-not-so-cross-platform/) + +--- + +## Testing in a nutshell + +In software tests, expected results are compared with observed results +in order to establish accuracy. Why are we not comparing directly all +digits with the expected result?: + +````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/fahrenheit_to_celsius_test.py + :language: python + ``` + ``` + + ```{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/fahrenheit_to_celsius_test.cpp + :language: C++ + ``` + ``` + + ```{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/fahrenheit_to_celsius_test.R + :language: R + ``` + ``` + + ```{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/fahrenheit_to_celsius_test.jl + :language: Julia + ``` + ``` + + ```{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/fahrenheit_to_celsius_test.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ``` +```` + +Or you can test whole programs: +```console +$ python3 run-test.py + +running: sample_data/set1.csv --output=tests/set1.txt +CORRECT +``` + +--- + +## What can tests help you do? + +**Preserving expected functionality** +- Check old things when you add new ones + +**Help users of your code** +- Verify it's installed correctly and works. +- See examples of what it should do. + +**Help other developers modify it** +- Change things with confidence that nothing is breaking. +- Warning if documentation/examples go out of date. + +**Manage complexity** +- If code is easy to test, it's probably easier to maintain. +- The next lesson [Modular code development](https://coderefinery.github.io/modular-type-along/) + demonstrates this. + +--- + +## Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests? + +```{discussion} Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests? + +Vote in the notes and we'll discuss soon. **It is always a balance: there is no "always"/"never"**. + +1. Jupyter or R Markdown notebook which produces a plot and you know by + looking at the plot whether it worked? +2. A short, "obviously correct" Python or R script which you never intend to reuse? +3. A simple short, "obviously correct" shell script? +4. Can you give other examples? + +``` + +--- + +## Discussion: What's easy and hard to test? + +```{discussion} Discussion: Testing in practice + +Use the collaborative notes to answer these questions: + +1. Give examples of things (from your work) that are easy to test. +2. Give examples of things (from your work) that are hard to test. +``` + +--- + +## Types of tests + +* Test functions one at a time - **Unit tests** + +* Test how parts work together - **Integration tests** + +* Test the whole thing running - **End-to-end tests** + * For example, running on sample data. + +* Check same results as before - **Regression tests** + +* Write test first (the output), then write code to make test pass - + **Test-driven development** + +* GitHub or GitLab runs tests automatically - **Continuous + integration** + +* Report that tells you which lines were/were not run by tests - + **Code coverage** + +* Framework that runs test for you - **Testing framework** + * See [Quick Reference](./quick-reference) for some examples. + +--- + +## What should you do? + +* Not every code needs perfect test coverage. + +* If code is interactive-only (Jupyter Notebook), it's usually hard to + test. + + * But also hard to run: the next lesson will discuss! + +* At least end-to-end is often easy to add. + +* Add tests of tricky functions. + + * If you'd have to run it over and over to test while writing, why + not make it a property test? + +* It's easy to have Gitlab/Github run the tests. + + * It's nice to push without thinking, and the system tells you when + it's broke. + +* **Learning how to test well make the rest of your code better, too.** + +--- + +## Where to start + +- A simple script or notebook probably does not need an automated test. + +**If you have nothing yet** +- Start with an end-to-end test. +- Describe in words how *you* check whether the code still works. +- Translate the words into a script. +- Run the script automatically on every code change. + +**If you want to start with unit-testing** +- You want to rewrite a function? Start adding a unit test right there first. diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/pytest.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/pytest.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9272744 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/pytest.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +# Testing locally + +```{questions} +- How hard is it to implement a test suite using pytest? +``` + + +## Exercise [pytest](http://doc.pytest.org) + +In this exercise we will make a simple Python function and use +[pytest](http://doc.pytest.org) to test it. + +* This is easy to use by almost any Python project and doesn't rely on any + other servers or services. Similar things exist in other languages. +* The downside is that you have to remember to run it yourself. + +We will try to +keep things simple so that those who do not use Python can follow. + +````{challenge} Local-1: Create a minimal Pytest example (15 min) +In this exercise, we will create a minimal example using +the [pytest](http://doc.pytest.org), run the test, and show what +happens when a test breaks. + + +1. Create a new directory and change into it: + ```console + $ mkdir pytest-example + $ cd pytest-example + ``` + +2. Then create a file called `example.py` and copy-paste the following code into it: + ```python + def add(a, b): + return a + b + + + def test_add(): + assert add(2, 3) == 5 + assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship' + ``` + This code contains one genuine function and a test function. + `pytest` finds any functions beginning with `test_` and treats them + as tests. + +3. Let us try to test it with pytest: + ```console + $ pytest -v example.py + + ============================================================ test session starts ================================= + platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3 + cachedir: .pytest_cache + rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile: + collected 1 item + + example.py::test_add PASSED + + ========================================================= 1 passed in 0.01 seconds =============================== + ``` + Yay! The test passed! + + Hint for participants trying this inside Spyder or IPython: try `!pytest -v example.py`. + +4. Let us break the test! + Introduce a code change which breaks the code and check + whether pytest detects the change: + ```console + $ pytest -v example.py + + ============================================================ test session starts ================================= + platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3 + cachedir: .pytest_cache + rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile: + collected 1 item + + example.py::test_add FAILED + + ================================================================= FAILURES ======================================= + _________________________________________________________________ test_add _______________________________________ + + def test_add(): + > assert add(2, 3) == 5 + E assert -1 == 5 + E --1 + E +5 + + example.py:6: AssertionError + ========================================================= 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ============== + ``` + Notice how pytest is smart and includes context: lines that failed, + values of the relevant variables. + +```` + +````{challenge} (optional) Local-2: Create a test that considers numerical tolerance (10 min) +Let's see an example where the test has to be more clever in order to +avoid false negative. + +In the above exercise we have compared integers. In this optional exercise we +want to learn how to compare floating point numbers since they are more tricky +(see also ["What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic"](https://floating-point-gui.de/)). + +The following test will fail and this might be surprising. Try it out: + ```python + def add(a, b): + return a + b + + + def test_add(): + assert add(0.1, 0.2) == 0.3 + ``` + +Your goal: find a more robust way to test this addition. +```` + +````{solution} Solution: Local-2 +One solution is to use +[pytest.approx](https://docs.pytest.org/en/4.6.x/reference.html#pytest-approx): +```python +from pytest import approx + +def add(a, b): + return a + b + +def test_add(): + assert add(0.1, 0.2) == approx(0.3) +``` + +But maybe you didn't know about +[pytest.approx](https://docs.pytest.org/en/4.6.x/reference.html#pytest-approx): +and did this instead: +```python +def test_add(): + result = add(0.1, 0.2) + assert abs(result - 0.3) < 1.0e-7 +``` +This is OK but the `1.0e-7` can be a bit arbitrary. +```` + +--- + +```{keypoints} +- pytest collects and runs all test functions starting with + `test_`. If run on a directory, it collects all files matching `test_*.py` +- Python and C/C++ have better tooling for automated tests than Fortran and you can use those also for Fortran projects (via `iso_c_binding`). +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/quick-reference.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/quick-reference.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b60b688 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/quick-reference.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,315 @@ +# Quick Reference + +## Available tools + +### Unit test frameworks + +A **test framework** makes it easy to run tests across large amounts +of code automatically. They provide more control than one single +script which does some tests. + +- Python + - [pytest](pytest-ref) + - [nose](http://nose.readthedocs.io) + - [doctest](https://docs.python.org/2/library/doctest.html) + - [unittest](https://docs.python.org/2/library/unittest.html) + +- R + - [testthat](testthat) + +- Julia + - [Test](test) + +- Matlab + - [Class-Based Unit Tests](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/class-based-unit-tests.html) + +- C(++) + - [Google Test](google-test) + - [Catch2](catch2) + - [cppunit](https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/cppunit/) + - [Boost.Test](boost-test) + - [UnitTest++](http://unittest-cpp.github.io) + +- Fortran + - [pFUnit](pfunit) + - [FRUIT](https://sourceforge.net/projects/fortranxunit/) + - [Ftunit](http://flibs.sourceforge.net/ftnunit.html) + +--- + +(pytest-ref)= + +### pytest_ + +- Python +- +- Installable via Conda or pip. +- Easy to use: Prefix a function with `test_` and the test runner will execute it. + No need to subclass anything. + +```python +def get_word_lengths(s): + """ + Returns a list of integers representing + the word lengths in string s. + """ + return [len(w) for w in s.split()] + +def test_get_word_lengths(): + text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street" + assert get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6] +``` + +- [Example output](https://travis-ci.org/bast/pytest-demo/builds/104182942) +- [Example project](https://github.com/bast/pytest-demo) + +--- + +(testthat)= + +### testthat + +- R +- +- Easily installed from CRAN with `install.packages("testthat")`, or from GitHub with `devtools::install_github("r-lib/testthat")` +- Use in package development with `usethis::use_testthat()` +- Add a new test file with `usethis::use_test("test-name")`, e.g.: + + ```r + # tests/testthat/test_example.R + # file added by running `usethis::use_test("example")` + + context("Arithmetics") + library("mypackage") + + test_that("square root function works", { + expect_equal(my_sqrt(4), 2) + expect_warning(my_sqrt(-4)) + }) + ``` + + Tests consist of one or more _expectations_, and multiple tests can be grouped together in one test file. + Test files are put in the directory `tests/testthat/`, and their file names are prefixed with `test_`. + +- Run all tests in package with `devtools::test()` (if you use RStudio, press Ctrl+Shift+T): + + ``` + > devtools::test() + Loading mypackage + Testing mypackage + ✔ | OK F W S | Context + ✔ | 2 | Arithmetics + + ══ Results ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ + OK: 2 + Failed: 0 + Warnings: 0 + Skipped: 0 + ``` + + +More information in the [Testing chapter](http://r-pkgs.had.co.nz/tests.html) of the book [R Packages](http://r-pkgs.had.co.nz) by Hadley Wickham. + +--- + +(test)= + +### Test + +- Julia +- - [Documentation](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/stdlib/Test/) +- Part of the standard library +- Provides simple unit testing functionality with + `@test` and `@test_throws` macros: + +```julia +julia> using Test + +julia> @test [1, 2] + [2, 1] == [3, 3] +Test Passed + +# approximate comparisons: +julia> @test π ≈ 3.14 atol=0.01 +Test Passed + +# Tests that an expression throws exception: +julia> @test_throws BoundsError [1, 2, 3][4] +Test Passed + Thrown: BoundsError + +julia> @test_throws DimensionMismatch [1, 2, 3] + [1, 2] +Test Passed + Thrown: DimensionMismatch +``` + +- Grouping related tests with the `@testset` macro: + +```julia +using Test + +function get_word_lengths(s::String) + return [length(w) for w in split(s)] +end + +@testset "Testing get_word_length()" begin + text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street" + @test get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6] + number = 123 + @test_throws MethodError get_word_lengths(number) +end +``` + +--- + +(catch2)= + +### Catch2 + +- C++ +- [Project page with installation instructions](https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2) +- Widely used +- Header-only +- Very rich in functionality +- Well-integrated with CMake + +```cpp +#include + +#include "example.h" + +using namespace Catch::literals; + +TEST_CASE("Use the example library to add numbers", "[add]") { + auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0); + REQUIRE(res == 3.0_a); +} +``` + +- [Example output](https://github.com/ENCCS/catch2-demo/runs/1959590399?check_suite_focus=true) +- [Example project](https://github.com/ENCCS/catch2-demo) + +--- + +(google-test)= + +### Google Test + +- C++ +- [Documentation](https://google.github.io/googletest/) +- Widely used +- Very rich in functionality +- Well-integrated with CMake + +```cpp +#include + +#include "example.h" + +TEST(example, add) { + double res; + res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0); + ASSERT_NEAR(res, 3.0, 1.0e-11); +} +``` + +- [Example output](https://travis-ci.org/bast/gtest-demo/builds/104190982) +- [Example project](https://github.com/bast/gtest-demo) + +--- + +(boost-test)= + +### Boost.Test + +- C++ +- [Documentation](https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_75_0/libs/test/doc/html/index.html) +- Very rich in functionality +- Header-only use possible + +```cpp +#include + +#include "example.h" + +BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( add ) +{ + auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0); + BOOST_TEST(res == 3.0); +} +``` + +- [Example output](https://github.com/ENCCS/boost-test-demo/runs/1959592305?check_suite_focus=true) +- [Example project](https://github.com/ENCCS/boost-test-demo) + +--- + +(pfunit)= + +### pFUnit + +- Fortran +- [Documentation and installation](https://github.com/Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit) +- Very rich in functionality +- Requires modern Fortran compilers (uses F2003 standard) + +``` +@test +subroutine test_add_numbers() + + use hello + use pfunit_mod + + implicit none + + real(8) :: res + + call add_numbers(1.0d0, 2.0d0, res) + @assertEqual(res, 3.0d0) + +end subroutine +``` + +- [Example installation instructions](./code/fortran/build_pFUnit) + +To test the `factorial` and `fizzbuzz` functions from the [test-design +exercises](./test-design), use this `CMakeLists.txt` file: +```{literalinclude} code/fortran/CMakeLists.txt +:language: cmake +``` + +You can then compile using this script: +```{literalinclude} code/fortran/build_with_cmake_and_run.sh +:language: bash +``` + +- [Example output](https://travis-ci.org/bast/pfunit-demo/builds/104193675) +- [Example project](https://github.com/bast/pfunit-demo) + +--- + +### Services to deploy testing and coverage + +Each of these are web services to handle testing, free for open source +projects. + +- [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/features/actions) (we will + demonstrate in next episode) +- [GitLab CI](https://about.gitlab.com/features/gitlab-ci-cd/) + (we will demonstrate in next episode) +- [Azure Pipelines](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/devops/pipelines/) +- [Coveralls](https://coveralls.io) +- [Codecov](https://codecov.io) + +--- + +## Good resources + +- [Getting Started With Testing in Python](https://realpython.com/python-testing/) +- [Introductions to Python Testing Frameworks](http://pythontesting.net/start-here/) + + +```{keypoints} +- Testing is a basic requirement of any possible language +- There are various tools for any language you may use +- There are free web services for open source +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_sources/test-design.md.txt b/branch/main/_sources/test-design.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81270c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_sources/test-design.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,777 @@ +# Test design + +```{questions} +- How can different types of functions and classes be tested? +- How can the integrity of a complete program be monitored over time? +- How can functions that involve random numbers be tested? +``` + +In this episode we will consider how functions and programs can be tested in programs developed in different programming languages. + +```{discussion} Exercise instructions +**For the instructor** +- First motivate and give a quick tour of all exercises below (10 minutes). +- Emphasize that the focus of this episode is *design*. It is OK to only discuss in groups and not write code. + +**During exercise session** +- Choose the exercise which interests you most. There are many more exercises than we would have time for. +- Discuss what testing framework can be used to implement the test. +- Keep notes, questions, and answers in the collaborative document. + +**Once we return to stream** +- Discussion about experiences learned. +``` + +`````{callout} Language-specific instructions + ````{tabs} + ```{group-tab} Python + + The suggested solutions below use pytest. Further information can + be found in the [Quick Reference](pytest-ref). + ``` + + ```{group-tab} C++ + + The suggested solutions below use Catch2. Further information can + be found in the [Quick Reference](catch2). + ``` + + ```{group-tab} R + + The suggested solutions below use testthat. Further information can + be found in the [Quick Reference](testthat). + ``` + + ```{group-tab} Julia + + The suggested solutions below use Test. Further information can + be found in the [Quick Reference](test). + ``` + + ```{group-tab} Fortran + + The suggested solutions below use pFUnit. Further information on how to install + pFUnit and set up tests can + be found in the [Quick Reference](pfunit). + ``` + ```` +````` + +## Pure and impure functions + +Start by discussing how you would design tests for the +following five functions, and then try to write the tests. +Also discuss why some are easier to test than others. + +```````{exercise} Design-1: Design a test for a function that receives a number and returns a number + `````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/factorial.py + :language: python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/factorial.cpp + :language: C++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/factorial.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/factorial.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/factorial.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + + ```` + Discussion point: The factorial grows very rapidly. What happens if you + pass a large number as argument to the function? + ````` + +``````{solution} +This is a **pure function** so is easy to test: inputs go to +outputs. For example, start with the below, then think of some +what extreme cases/boundary cases there might be. This example shows +all of the tests as one function, but you might want to make each test +function more fine-grained and test only one concept. + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/factorial_sol.py + :language: python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/factorial_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/factorial_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/factorial_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/test_factorial.pf + ``` + ```` +````` + Notes on the discussion point: Programming languages differ in the way they deal with integer + overflow. Python automatically converts to the necessary `long` type, in Julia you would + observe a "wrap-around", in C/C++ you get undefined behaviour for signed integers. + Testing for overflow likewise depends on the language. +`````` +``````` + +```````{exercise} Design-2: Design a test for a function that receives two strings and returns a number +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/count_word_occurrence_in_string.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/count_word_occurrence_in_string.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/count_word_occurrence_in_string.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/count_word_occurrence_in_string.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/count_word_occurrence_in_string.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + ````` + +``````{solution} +This is again a **pure function** but uses strings. Use a similar strategy +to the above. + +`````{tabs} + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + +`````` +``````` + +```````{exercise} Design-3: Design a test for a function which reads a file and returns a number +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/count_word_occurrence_in_file.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/count_word_occurrence_in_file.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/count_word_occurrence_in_file.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/count_word_occurrence_in_file.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/count_word_occurrence_in_file.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + ````` + +``````{solution} +In this example we test a function which is not pure, because the output +depends on the value of a file. We can generate a temporary file for testing +and remove it afterwards. Even better could be to split file reading from the +calculation, so that testing the calculation part becomes easy (see above). + +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + +````` +`````` +``````` + +```````{exercise} Design-4: Design a test for a function with an external dependency +This one is not easy to test because the function has an external dependency. + +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/reactor_temperature.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/reactor_temperature.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/reactor_temperature.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/reactor_temperature.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/reactor_temperature.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` + +``````{solution} +This function depends on the value of +`reactor.max_temperature` so the function is not pure, so testing gets +harder. You could use monkey patching to override the value of +`max_temperature`, and test it with different values. [Monkey +patching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_patch) is the concept +of artificially changing some other value. + +A better solution would probably be to rewrite the function. + +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/reactor_temperature_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/reactor_temperature_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/reactor_temperature_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/reactor_temperature_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/reactor_temperature_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` +`````` +``````` + +```````{exercise} Design-5: Design a test for a method of a mutable class + +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/Pet.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/Pet.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/Pet.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/Pet.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/Pet.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` + +``````{solution} +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/Pet_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/Pet_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/Pet_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/Pet_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/Pet_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` +`````` +``````` + + +## Test-driven development + +```````{exercise} Design-6: Experience test-driven development + +Write a test before writing the function! You can decide yourself +what your unwritten function should do, but as a suggestion it can +be based on [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) - i.e. +a function that: +- takes an integer argument +- for arguments that are multiples of three, returns "Fizz" +- for arguments that are multiples of five, returns "Buzz" +- for arguments that are multiples of both three and five, returns "FizzBuzz" +- fails in case of non-integer arguments or integer arguments 0 or negative +- otherwise returns the integer itself + +When writing the tests, consider the different ways that the function could +and should fail. + +After you have written the tests, implement the function and run the tests +until they pass. + +``````{solution} + +`````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/fizzbuzz.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/fizzbuzz.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/fizzbuzz.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/fizzbuzz.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/fizzbuzz.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```{literalinclude} code/fortran/test_fizzbuzz.pf + ``` + ```` + ````` +`````` +``````` + + +## Testing randomness + +How would you test functions which generate random numbers +according to some distribution/statistics? + +Functions and modules which contain randomness are +more difficult to test than pure deterministic functions, but +many strategies exist: +- For unit tests we can use fixed random seeds. +- Try to test whether your results follow the expected + distribution/statistics. +- When you verify your code "by eye", what are you looking at? Now try + to express that in a script. + + +```````{exercise} Design-7: Write two different types of tests for randomness + Consider the code below which simulates playing + [Yahtzee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahtzee) by using + random numbers. How would you go about testing it? + + Try to write two types of tests: + - a *unit test* for the `roll_dice` function. Since it uses + random numbers, you will need to **set the random seed**, + pre-calculate what sequence of dice throws you get with that seed, + and use that in your test. + - a test of the `yahtzee` function which considers the statistical + probability of obtaining a "Yahtzee" (5 dice with the same value + after three throws), which is around 4.6%. This test will be + an *integration test* since it tests multiple functions including the + random number generator itself. + + + `````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/yahtzee.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/yahtzee.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/yahtzee.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/yahtzee.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````` + +``````{solution} + `````{tabs} + + ````{group-tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/python/yahtzee_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/cpp/yahtzee_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/R/yahtzee_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{group-tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/julia/yahtzee_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + ````` +`````` +``````` + + +## Designing an end-to-end test + +In this exercise we will practice designing an end-to-end test. +In an end-to-end test (or integration test), the unit is the entire program. +We typically feed the program with some well defined input and verify +that it still produces the expected output by comparing it to some reference. + +````{exercise} Design-8: Design (but not write) an end-to-end test for the uniq program +To have a tangible example, let us consider the `uniq` command. This command +can read a file or an input stream and remove consecutive repetition. +The program behind `uniq` has been written by somebody else, it probably contains +some functions, but we will not look into it but regard it as "black box". + +If we have a file called `repetitive-text.txt` containing: +``` +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +another line +another line +another line +another line +intermission +more repetition +more repetition +more repetition +more repetition +more repetition +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +``` + +... then feeding this input file to `uniq` like this: +``` +$ uniq < repetitive-text.txt +``` + +... will produce the following output with repetitions removed: +``` +(all together now) all together now +another line +intermission +more repetition +(all together now) all together now +``` + +How would you write an end-to-end test for `uniq`? +```` + +````{exercise} Design-9: More end-to-end testing +- Now imagine a code which reads numbers and produces some (floating + point) numbers. How would you test that? +- How would you test a code end-to-end which produces images? +```` + +`````{exercise} Design-10: Create an actual end-to-end test +Often, you can include tests that run your whole workflow or program. +For example, you might include sample data and check the output +against what you expect. (including sample data is a great idea +anyway, so this helps a lot!) + +We'll use the word-count example repository +. + +As a reminder, you can run the script like this to get some output, +which prints to standard output (the terminal): + +```console +$ python3 statistics/count.py data/abyss.txt +``` + +Your goal is to make a test that can run this and let you know if it's +successful or not. You could use Python, or you could use shell +scripting. You can test if these two lines are in the output: `the +4044` and `and 2807`. + +Python hint: +[subprocess.check_output](https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.check_output) +will run a command and return its output as a string. + +Bash hint: `COMMAND | grep "PATTERN"` ("pipe to grep") will be true if +the pattern is in the command. + +````{solution} +There are two solutions in the repository already, in the `tests/` +dierectory , one in Python +and one in bash shell. Neither of these are a very advanced or +perfect solution, and you could integrate them with pytest or whatever +other test framework you use. + +The shell one works with shell and prints a bit more output: + +```console +$ sh tests/end-to-end-shell.sh +the 4044 +Success: 'the' found correct number of times +and 2807 +Success: 'and' found correct number of times +Success +``` + +The Python one: +```console +$ python3 tests/end-to-end-python.py +Success +``` +```` +````` + +```{keypoints} +- Pure functions (these are functions without side-effects) are easiest to test. + And also easiest to reuse in another code project since they don't depend on + any side-effects. +- Classes can be tested but it's somewhat more elaborate. +``` diff --git a/branch/main/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js b/branch/main/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8141580 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +/* Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * Copyright Sphinx contributors + * Released under the two clause BSD licence + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/basic.css b/branch/main/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30fee9d --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,925 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li p.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +a:visited { + color: #551A8B; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.sig dd { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +.sig dl { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +.translated { + background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2) +} + +.untranslated { + background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2) +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/_static/check-solid.svg b/branch/main/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_static/clipboard.min.js b/branch/main/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/branch/main/_static/copybutton.css b/branch/main/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40eafe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +.highlight:hover button.copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/copybutton.js b/branch/main/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3ecd03 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), 2000) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/branch/main/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/css/badge_only.css b/branch/main/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/css/badge_only.css @@ 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+ return this; // for chaining... + } +})(jQuery); + +// NO good way to do this!. Copy a hack from here +// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/901115/how-can-i-get-query-string-values-in-javascript +// https://stackoverflow.com/a/2880929 +var urlParams; +(window.onpopstate = function () { + var match, + pl = /\+/g, // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space + search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, + decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, + query = window.location.search.substring(1); + urlParams = {}; + while (match = search.exec(query)) + urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); +})(); + +// Select heading levels +var maxHeading = urlParams['h'] +if (maxHeading === undefined) maxHeading = 2 +var headingLevels = []; +for (h=2 ; h (sections.length-1) ) { + // if we would scroll past bottom, or above top, do nothing + return; + } + + console.log('xxxxxx'); + var targetSection = sections[targetPos]; + console.log(targetSection, typeof(targetSection)); + + // Return targetSection top and height + var secProperties = section_top_and_height(targetSection); + var top = secProperties['top']; + var height = secProperties['height'] + var win_height = window.innerHeight; + //console.info(top, height, win_height) + + var scroll_to = 0; + if (height >= win_height || height == 0) { + scroll_to = top; + } else { + scroll_to = top - (win_height-height)/3.; + } + //console.info(top, height, win_height, scroll_to) + + $('html, body').animate({ + scrollTop: scroll_to //+ 'px' + }, 'fast'); + +} + + +function minipres() { + /* Enable the minipres mode: + - call the hide() function + - set up the scrolling listener + */ + document.addEventListener('keydown', function (event) { + switch(event.which) { + case 37: // left + switch_slide(-1); + event.preventDefault(); + return false; + break; + //case 38: // up + case 39: // right + switch_slide(+1); + event.preventDefault(); + return false; + break; + //case 40: // down + default: + return; // exit this handler for other keys + } + }, true) + + hide() + + // Increase space between sections + //$("div .section").css('margin-bottom', '50%'); 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+} + +/* Pandas tables. Pulled from the Jupyter / nbsphinx CSS */ +div.cell_output table { + border: none; + border-collapse: collapse; + border-spacing: 0; + color: black; + font-size: 1em; + table-layout: fixed; +} + +div.cell_output thead { + border-bottom: 1px solid black; + vertical-align: bottom; +} + +div.cell_output tr, +div.cell_output th, +div.cell_output td { + text-align: right; + vertical-align: middle; + padding: 0.5em 0.5em; + line-height: normal; + white-space: normal; + max-width: none; + border: none; +} + +div.cell_output th { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:nth-child(odd) { + background: #f5f5f5; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:hover { + background: rgba(66, 165, 245, 0.2); +} + +/** source code line numbers **/ +span.linenos { + opacity: 0.5; +} + +/* Inline text from `paste` operation */ + +span.pasted-text { + font-weight: bold; +} + +span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: 2em; +} + +tbody span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: none; +} + +/* Font colors for 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background-color: #E75C58 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGGreen] { + background-color: #00A250 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGYellow] { + background-color: #DDB62B +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGBlue] { + background-color: #208FFB +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGMagenta] { + background-color: #D160C4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGCyan] { + background-color: #60C6C8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGWhite] { + background-color: #C5C1B4 +} + +/* Font colors for 8-bit ANSI */ + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C0] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC0] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C1] { + color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC1] { + background-color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C2] { + color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC2] { + background-color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C3] { + color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC3] { + background-color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C4] { + color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC4] { + background-color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C5] { + color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC5] { + background-color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C6] { + color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC6] { + background-color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C7] { + color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC7] { + background-color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C8] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC8] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C9] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC9] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C10] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC10] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C11] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC11] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C12] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC12] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C13] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC13] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C14] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC14] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C15] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC15] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C16] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC16] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C17] { + color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC17] { + background-color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C18] { + color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC18] { + background-color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C19] { + color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC19] { + background-color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C20] { + color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC20] { + background-color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C21] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC21] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C22] { + color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC22] { + background-color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C23] { + color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC23] { + background-color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C24] { + color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC24] { + background-color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C25] { + color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC25] { + background-color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C26] { + color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC26] { + background-color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C27] { + color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC27] { + background-color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C28] { + color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC28] { + background-color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C29] { + color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC29] { + background-color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C30] { + color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC30] { + background-color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C31] { + color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC31] { + background-color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C32] { + color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC32] { + background-color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C33] { + color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC33] { + background-color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C34] { + color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC34] { + background-color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C35] { + color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC35] { + background-color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C36] { + color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC36] { + background-color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C37] { + color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC37] { + background-color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C38] { + color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC38] { + background-color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C39] { + color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC39] { + background-color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C40] { + color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC40] { + background-color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C41] { + color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC41] { + background-color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C42] { + color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC42] { + background-color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C43] { + color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC43] { + background-color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C44] { + color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC44] { + background-color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C45] { + color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC45] { + background-color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C46] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC46] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C47] { + color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC47] { + background-color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C48] { + color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC48] { + background-color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C49] { + color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC49] { + background-color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C50] { + color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC50] { + background-color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C51] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC51] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C52] { + color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC52] { + background-color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C53] { + color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC53] { + background-color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C54] { + color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC54] { + background-color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C55] { + color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC55] { + background-color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C56] { + color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC56] { + background-color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C57] { + color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC57] { + background-color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C58] { + color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC58] { + background-color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C59] { + color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC59] { + background-color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C60] { + color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC60] { + background-color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C61] { + color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC61] { + background-color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C62] { + color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC62] { + background-color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C63] { + color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC63] { + background-color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C64] { + color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC64] { + background-color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C65] { + color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC65] { + background-color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C66] { + color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC66] { + background-color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C67] { + color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC67] { + background-color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C68] { + color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC68] { + background-color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C69] { + color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC69] { + background-color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C70] { + color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC70] { + background-color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C71] { + color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC71] { + background-color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C72] { + color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC72] { + background-color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C73] { + color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC73] { + background-color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C74] { + color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC74] { + background-color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C75] { + color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC75] { + background-color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C76] { + color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC76] { + background-color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C77] { + color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC77] { + background-color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C78] { + color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC78] { + background-color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C79] { + color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC79] { + background-color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C80] { + color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC80] { + background-color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C81] { + color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC81] { + background-color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C82] { + color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC82] { + background-color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C83] { + color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC83] { + background-color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C84] { + color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC84] { + background-color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C85] { + color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC85] { + background-color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C86] { + color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC86] { + background-color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C87] { + color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC87] { + background-color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C88] { + color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC88] { + background-color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C89] { + color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC89] { + background-color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C90] { + color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC90] { + background-color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C91] { + color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC91] { + background-color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C92] { + color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC92] { + background-color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C93] { + color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC93] { + background-color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C94] { + color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC94] { + background-color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C95] { + color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC95] { + background-color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C96] { + color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC96] { + background-color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C97] { + color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC97] { + background-color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C98] { + color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC98] { + background-color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C99] { + color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC99] { + background-color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C100] { + color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC100] { + background-color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C101] { + color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC101] { + background-color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C102] { + color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC102] { + background-color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C103] { + color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC103] { + background-color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C104] { + color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC104] { + background-color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C105] { + color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC105] { + background-color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C106] { + color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC106] { + background-color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C107] { + color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC107] { + background-color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C108] { + color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC108] { + background-color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C109] { + color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC109] { + background-color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C110] { + color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC110] { + background-color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C111] { + color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC111] { + background-color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C112] { + color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC112] { + background-color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C113] { + color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC113] { + background-color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C114] { + color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC114] { + background-color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C115] { + color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC115] { + background-color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C116] { + color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC116] { + background-color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C117] { + color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC117] { + background-color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C118] { + color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC118] { + background-color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C119] { + color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC119] { + background-color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C120] { + color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC120] { + background-color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C121] { + color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC121] { + background-color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C122] { + color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC122] { + background-color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C123] { + color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC123] { + background-color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C124] { + color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC124] { + background-color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C125] { + color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC125] { + background-color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C126] { + color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC126] { + background-color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C127] { + color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC127] { + background-color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C128] { + color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC128] { + background-color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C129] { + color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC129] { + background-color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C130] { + color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC130] { + background-color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C131] { + color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC131] { + background-color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C132] { + color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC132] { + background-color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C133] { + color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC133] { + background-color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C134] { + color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC134] { + background-color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C135] { + color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC135] { + background-color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C136] { + color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC136] { + background-color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C137] { + color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC137] { + background-color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C138] { + color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC138] { + background-color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C139] { + color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC139] { + background-color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C140] { + color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC140] { + background-color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C141] { + color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC141] { + background-color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C142] { + color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC142] { + background-color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C143] { + color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC143] { + background-color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C144] { + color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC144] { + background-color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C145] { + color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC145] { + background-color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C146] { + color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC146] { + background-color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C147] { + color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC147] { + background-color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C148] { + color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC148] { + background-color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C149] { + color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC149] { + background-color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C150] { + color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC150] { + background-color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C151] { + color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC151] { + background-color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C152] { + color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC152] { + background-color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C153] { + color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC153] { + background-color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C154] { + color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC154] { + background-color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C155] { + color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC155] { + background-color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C156] { + color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC156] { + background-color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C157] { + color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC157] { + background-color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C158] { + color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC158] { + background-color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C159] { + color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC159] { + background-color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C160] { + color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC160] { + background-color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C161] { + color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC161] { + background-color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C162] { + color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC162] { + background-color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C163] { + color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC163] { + background-color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C164] { + color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC164] { + background-color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C165] { + color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC165] { + background-color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C166] { + color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC166] { + background-color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C167] { + color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC167] { + background-color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C168] { + color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC168] { + background-color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C169] { + color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC169] { + background-color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C170] { + color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC170] { + background-color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C171] { + color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC171] { + background-color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C172] { + color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC172] { + background-color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C173] { + color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC173] { + background-color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C174] { + color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC174] { + background-color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C175] { + color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC175] { + background-color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C176] { + color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC176] { + background-color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C177] { + color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC177] { + background-color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C178] { + color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC178] { + background-color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C179] { + color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC179] { + background-color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C180] { + color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC180] { + background-color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C181] { + color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC181] { + background-color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C182] { + color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC182] { + background-color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C183] { + color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC183] { + background-color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C184] { + color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC184] { + background-color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C185] { + color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC185] { + background-color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C186] { + color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC186] { + background-color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C187] { + color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC187] { + background-color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C188] { + color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC188] { + background-color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C189] { + color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC189] { + background-color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C190] { + color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC190] { + background-color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C191] { + color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC191] { + background-color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C192] { + color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC192] { + background-color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C193] { + color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC193] { + background-color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C194] { + color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC194] { + background-color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C195] { + color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC195] { + background-color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C196] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC196] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C197] { + color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC197] { + background-color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C198] { + color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC198] { + background-color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C199] { + color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC199] { + background-color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C200] { + color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC200] { + background-color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C201] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC201] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C202] { + color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC202] { + background-color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C203] { + color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC203] { + background-color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C204] { + color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC204] { + background-color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C205] { + color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC205] { + background-color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C206] { + color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC206] { + background-color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C207] { + color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC207] { + background-color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C208] { + color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC208] { + background-color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C209] { + color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC209] { + background-color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C210] { + color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC210] { + background-color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C211] { + color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC211] { + background-color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C212] { + color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC212] { + background-color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C213] { + color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC213] { + background-color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C214] { + color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC214] { + background-color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C215] { + color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC215] { + background-color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C216] { + color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC216] { + background-color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C217] { + color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC217] { + background-color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C218] { + color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC218] { + background-color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C219] { + color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC219] { + background-color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C220] { + color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC220] { + background-color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C221] { + color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC221] { + background-color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C222] { + color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC222] { + background-color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C223] { + color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC223] { + background-color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C224] { + color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC224] { + background-color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C225] { + color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC225] { + background-color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C226] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC226] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C227] { + color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC227] { + background-color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C228] { + color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC228] { + background-color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C229] { + color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC229] { + background-color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C230] { + color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC230] { + background-color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C231] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC231] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C232] { + color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC232] { + background-color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C233] { + color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC233] { + background-color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C234] { + color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC234] { + background-color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C235] { + color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC235] { + background-color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C236] { + color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC236] { + background-color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C237] { + color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC237] { + background-color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C238] { + color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC238] { + background-color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C239] { + color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC239] { + background-color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C240] { + color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC240] { + background-color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C241] { + color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC241] { + background-color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C242] { + color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC242] { + background-color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C243] { + color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC243] { + background-color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C244] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC244] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C245] { + color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC245] { + background-color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C246] { + color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC246] { + background-color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C247] { + color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC247] { + background-color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C248] { + color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC248] { + background-color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C249] { + color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC249] { + background-color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C250] { + color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC250] { + background-color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C251] { + color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC251] { + background-color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C252] { + color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC252] { + background-color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C253] { + color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC253] { + background-color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C254] { + color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC254] { + background-color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C255] { + color: #EEEEEE +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC255] { + background-color: #EEEEEE +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/plus.png b/branch/main/_static/plus.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7107cec Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/_static/plus.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/_static/pygments.css b/branch/main/_static/pygments.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84ab303 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/pygments.css @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +pre { line-height: 125%; } +td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +.highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc } 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+if (typeof Scorer === "undefined") { + var Scorer = { + // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result + // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + // and returns the new score. + /* + score: result => { + const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result + return score + }, + */ + + // query matches the full name of an object + objNameMatch: 11, + // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name + objPartialMatch: 6, + // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object + objPrio: { + 0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults + }, + // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. + objPrioDefault: 0, + + // query found in title + title: 15, + partialTitle: 7, + // query found in terms + term: 5, + partialTerm: 2, + }; +} + +const _removeChildren = (element) => { + while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild); +}; + +/** + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping + */ +const _escapeRegExp = (string) => + string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string + +const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => { + const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER; + const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; + const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; + const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY; + const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root; + + const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item; + + let listItem = document.createElement("li"); + let requestUrl; + let linkUrl; + if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") { + // dirhtml builder + let dirname = docName + "/"; + if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) + dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6); + else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = ""; + requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname; + linkUrl = requestUrl; + } else { + // normal html builders + requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix; + linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix; + } + let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a")); + linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor; + linkEl.dataset.score = score; + linkEl.innerHTML = title; + if (descr) { + listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML = + " (" + descr + ")"; + // highlight search terms in the description + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + } + else if (showSearchSummary) + fetch(requestUrl) + .then((responseData) => responseData.text()) + .then((data) => { + if (data) + listItem.appendChild( + Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms) + ); + // highlight search terms in the summary + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + }); + Search.output.appendChild(listItem); +}; +const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => { + Search.stopPulse(); + Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results"); + if (!resultCount) + Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext( + "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories." + ); + else + Search.status.innerText = _( + `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.` + ); +}; +const _displayNextItem = ( + results, + resultCount, + searchTerms, + highlightTerms, +) => { + // results left, load the summary and display it + // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount) + if (results.length) { + _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms); + setTimeout( + () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms), + 5 + ); + } + // search finished, update title and status message + else _finishSearch(resultCount); +}; + +/** + * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a + * custom function per language. + * + * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters + * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters. + * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area. + */ +if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") { + var splitQuery = (query) => query + .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu) + .filter(term => term) // remove remaining empty strings +} + +/** + * Search Module + */ +const Search = { + _index: null, + _queued_query: null, + _pulse_status: -1, + + htmlToText: (htmlString) => { + const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html'); + htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink").forEach((el) => { el.remove() }); + const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]'); + if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent; + console.warn( + "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template." + ); + return ""; + }, + + init: () => { + const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q"); + document + .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]') + .forEach((el) => (el.value = query)); + if (query) Search.performSearch(query); + }, + + loadIndex: (url) => + (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url), + + setIndex: (index) => { + Search._index = index; + if (Search._queued_query !== null) { + const query = Search._queued_query; + Search._queued_query = null; + Search.query(query); + } + }, + + hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null, + + deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query), + + stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1), + + startPulse: () => { + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return; + + const pulse = () => { + Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; + Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status); + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + }; + pulse(); + }, + + /** + * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) + */ + performSearch: (query) => { + // create the required interface elements + const searchText = document.createElement("h2"); + searchText.textContent = _("Searching"); + const searchSummary = document.createElement("p"); + searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary"); + searchSummary.innerText = ""; + const searchList = document.createElement("ul"); + searchList.classList.add("search"); + + const out = document.getElementById("search-results"); + Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText); + Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span")); + Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary); + Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList); + + const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress"); + // Some themes don't use the search progress node + if (searchProgress) { + searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search..."); + } + Search.startPulse(); + + // index already loaded, the browser was quick! + if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query); + else Search.deferQuery(query); + }, + + /** + * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) + */ + query: (query) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles; + const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries; + + // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list + const stemmer = new Stemmer(); + const searchTerms = new Set(); + const excludedTerms = new Set(); + const highlightTerms = new Set(); + const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim())); + splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => { + const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase(); + + // maybe skip this "word" + // stopwords array is from language_data.js + if ( + stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 || + queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/) + ) + return; + + // stem the word + let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower); + // select the correct list + if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1)); + else { + searchTerms.add(word); + highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower); + } + }); + + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) { // set in sphinx_highlight.js + localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" ")) + } + + // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:"); + // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]); + // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]); + + // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + let results = []; + _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress")); + + const queryLower = query.toLowerCase(); + for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) { + if (title.toLowerCase().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title, + id !== null ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // search for explicit entries in index directives + for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) { + if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundEntries) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + id ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // lookup as object + objectTerms.forEach((term) => + results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms)) + ); + + // lookup as search terms in fulltext + results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms)); + + // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function + if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item))); + + // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the + // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then + // alphabetically + results.sort((a, b) => { + const leftScore = a[4]; + const rightScore = b[4]; + if (leftScore === rightScore) { + // same score: sort alphabetically + const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase(); + const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase(); + if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0; + return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional + } + return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1; + }); + + // remove duplicate search results + // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept + let seen = new Set(); + results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => { + let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(','); + if (!seen.has(resultStr)) { + acc.push(result); + seen.add(resultStr); + } + return acc; + }, []); + + results = results.reverse(); + + // for debugging + //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy + // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults); + + // print the results + _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms); + }, + + /** + * search for object names + */ + performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const objects = Search._index.objects; + const objNames = Search._index.objnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const results = []; + + const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => { + const name = match[4] + const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name; + const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase(); + if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return; + + let score = 0; + const parts = fullnameLower.split("."); + + // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or + // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) + if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object) + score += Scorer.objNameMatch; + else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1) + score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name + + const objName = objNames[match[1]][2]; + const title = titles[match[0]]; + + // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be + // found in the name/title/description + const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms); + otherTerms.delete(object); + if (otherTerms.size > 0) { + const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase(); + if ( + [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0) + ) + return; + } + + let anchor = match[3]; + if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname; + else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname; + + const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title; + + // add custom score for some objects according to scorer + if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) + score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; + else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; + + results.push([ + docNames[match[0]], + fullname, + "#" + anchor, + descr, + score, + filenames[match[0]], + ]); + }; + Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) => + objects[prefix].forEach((array) => + objectSearchCallback(prefix, array) + ) + ); + return results; + }, + + /** + * search for full-text terms in the index + */ + performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => { + // prepare search + const terms = Search._index.terms; + const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms; + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const scoreMap = new Map(); + const fileMap = new Map(); + + // perform the search on the required terms + searchTerms.forEach((word) => { + const files = []; + const arr = [ + { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term }, + { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title }, + ]; + // add support for partial matches + if (word.length > 2) { + const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word); + Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word]) + arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm }); + }); + Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word]) + arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle }); + }); + } + + // no match but word was a required one + if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return; + + // found search word in contents + arr.forEach((record) => { + if (record.files === undefined) return; + + let recordFiles = record.files; + if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles]; + files.push(...recordFiles); + + // set score for the word in each file + recordFiles.forEach((file) => { + if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {}); + scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score; + }); + }); + + // create the mapping + files.forEach((file) => { + if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) + fileMap.get(file).push(word); + else fileMap.set(file, [word]); + }); + }); + + // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms + const results = []; + for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) { + // check if all requirements are matched + + // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded + const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter( + (term) => term.length > 2 + ).length; + if ( + wordList.length !== searchTerms.size && + wordList.length !== filteredTermCount + ) + continue; + + // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result + if ( + [...excludedTerms].some( + (term) => + terms[term] === file || + titleTerms[term] === file || + (terms[term] || []).includes(file) || + (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file) + ) + ) + break; + + // select one (max) score for the file. + const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w])); + // add result to the result list + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + return results; + }, + + /** + * helper function to return a node containing the + * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list + * of stemmed words. + */ + makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords) => { + const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); + if (text === "") return null; + + const textLower = text.toLowerCase(); + const actualStartPosition = [...keywords] + .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase())) + .filter((i) => i > -1) + .slice(-1)[0]; + const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0); + + const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "..."; + const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : ""; + + let summary = document.createElement("p"); + summary.classList.add("context"); + summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail; + + return summary; + }, +}; + +_ready(Search.init); diff --git a/branch/main/_static/sphinx_highlight.js b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_highlight.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a96c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_highlight.js @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */ +"use strict"; + +const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true + +/** + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; + + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } + + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( + rest, + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this + * function recursively on the remaining fragment. + */ + _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); + } + } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); + } +}; +const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const SphinxHighlight = { + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords: () => { + if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return; // bail if no highlight + + // get and clear terms from localstorage + const url = new URL(window.location); + const highlight = + localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + || url.searchParams.get("highlight") + || ""; + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); + + // get individual terms from highlight string + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do + + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '" + ) + ); + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + }, + + initEscapeListener: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) { + SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +_ready(() => { + /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page. + * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query. + */ + if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords(); + SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener(); +}); diff --git a/branch/main/_static/sphinx_lesson.css b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_lesson.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14b20c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_lesson.css @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +/* sphinx_lesson.css */ + +body.wy-body-for-nav img.with-border { + border: 2px solid; +} + +.rst-content .admonition-no-content { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} + +.rst-content .demo > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F440"; /* Eyes */ } +.rst-content .type-along > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02328\0FE0F"; /* Keyboard */ } +.rst-content .exercise > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\0270D\0FE0F"; /* Hand */ } +.rst-content .solution > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02714\0FE0E"; /* Check mark */ } +.rst-content .homework > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4DD"; /* Memo */ } +.rst-content .discussion > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4AC"; /* Speech balloon */ } +.rst-content .questions > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02753\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } +.rst-content .prerequisites > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02699"; /* Gear */ } +.rst-content .seealso > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\027A1\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } + + +/* instructor-note */ +.rst-content .instructor-note { + background: #e7e7e7; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title { + background: #6a6a6a; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title::before { + content: ""; +} + + +/* sphinx_toggle_button, make the font white */ +.rst-content .toggle.admonition button.toggle-button { + color: white; +} + +/* sphinx-togglebutton, remove underflow when toggled to hidden mode */ +.rst-content .admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e68feb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/* The following are for web accessibility of sphinx_rtd_theme: they + * solve some of the most frequent contrast issues. Remove when this + * solved: + * https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/971 + */ +/* background: #fcfcfc, note boxes #E7F2FA */ +a { color: #2573A7; } /* original #2980B9, #1F5C84; */ +body { color: #242424; } /* original #404040, #383838 */ +.wy-side-nav-search>a, .wy-side-nav-search .wy-dropdown>a { + color: #ffffff; +} /* original #fcfcfc */ +footer { color: #737373; } /* original gray=#808080*/ +footer span.commit code, footer span.commit .rst-content tt, .rst-content footer span.commit tt { + color: #737373; +} /* original gray=#808080*/ +.rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content code.literal { + color: #AB2314; +} +/* Sidebar background */ +.wy-side-nav-search { background-color: #277CB4;} + +/* Same, but for pygments */ +.highlight .ch { color: #3E7A89; } /* #! line */ +.highlight .c1 { color: #3E7A89; } /* also comments */ +.highlight .nv { color: #AD3ECC; } /* variable */ +.highlight .gp { color: #B45608; } /* prompt character, $*/ +.highlight .si { color: #3975B1; } /* ${} variable text */ +.highlight .nc { color: #0C78A7; } + +/* Sphinx admonitions */ +/* warning */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #B15E16; } +/* important */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-success .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .important .admonition-title, .rst-content .tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #12826C; } +/* seealso, note, etc */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-info .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .admonition-title, .rst-content .note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } +/* error, danger */ +.rst-content .danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .error .admonition-title, .rst-content .error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .rst-content .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .wy-alert-title { + background: #e31704; +} + +/* Generic admonition titles */ +.wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } diff --git a/branch/main/_static/tabs.css b/branch/main/_static/tabs.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..957ba60 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/tabs.css @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.sphinx-tabs { + margin-bottom: 1rem; +} + +[role="tablist"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid #a0b3bf; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab { + position: relative; + font-family: Lato,'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + color: #1D5C87; + line-height: 24px; + margin: 0; + font-size: 16px; + font-weight: 400; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); + border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0; + border: 0; + padding: 1rem 1.5rem; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + font-weight: 700; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + border-bottom: 1px solid white; + margin: -1px; + background-color: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab:focus { + z-index: 1; + outline-offset: 1px; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel { + position: relative; + padding: 1rem; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + margin: 0px -1px -1px -1px; + border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; + border-top: 0; + background: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel.code-tab { + padding: 0.4rem; +} + +.sphinx-tab img { + margin-bottom: 24 px; +} + +/* Dark theme preference styling */ + +@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } +} + +/* Explicit dark theme styling */ + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/tabs.js b/branch/main/_static/tabs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48dc303 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/tabs.js @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +try { + var session = window.sessionStorage || {}; +} catch (e) { + var session = {}; +} + +window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { + const allTabs = document.querySelectorAll('.sphinx-tabs-tab'); + const tabLists = document.querySelectorAll('[role="tablist"]'); + + allTabs.forEach(tab => { + tab.addEventListener("click", changeTabs); + }); + + tabLists.forEach(tabList => { + tabList.addEventListener("keydown", keyTabs); + }); + + // Restore group tab selection from session + const lastSelected = session.getItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected'); + if (lastSelected != null) selectNamedTabs(lastSelected); +}); + +/** + * Key focus left and right between sibling elements using arrows + * @param {Node} e the element in focus when key was pressed + */ +function keyTabs(e) { + const tab = e.target; + let nextTab = null; + if (e.keyCode === 39 || e.keyCode === 37) { + tab.setAttribute("tabindex", -1); + // Move right + if (e.keyCode === 39) { + nextTab = tab.nextElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.firstElementChild; + } + // Move left + } else if (e.keyCode === 37) { + nextTab = tab.previousElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.lastElementChild; + } + } + } + + if (nextTab !== null) { + nextTab.setAttribute("tabindex", 0); + nextTab.focus(); + } +} + +/** + * Select or deselect clicked tab. If a group tab + * is selected, also select tab in other tabLists. + * @param {Node} e the element that was clicked + */ +function changeTabs(e) { + // Use this instead of the element that was clicked, in case it's a child + const notSelected = this.getAttribute("aria-selected") === "false"; + const positionBefore = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const notClosable = !this.parentNode.classList.contains("closeable"); + + deselectTabList(this); + + if (notSelected || notClosable) { + selectTab(this); + const name = this.getAttribute("name"); + selectNamedTabs(name, this.id); + + if (this.classList.contains("group-tab")) { + // Persist during session + session.setItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected', name); + } + } + + const positionAfter = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const positionDelta = positionAfter - positionBefore; + // Scroll to offset content resizing + window.scrollTo(0, window.scrollY + positionDelta); +} + +/** + * Select tab and show associated panel. + * @param {Node} tab tab to select + */ +function selectTab(tab) { + tab.setAttribute("aria-selected", true); + + // Show the associated panel + document + .getElementById(tab.getAttribute("aria-controls")) + .removeAttribute("hidden"); +} + +/** + * Hide the panels associated with all tabs within the + * tablist containing this tab. + * @param {Node} tab a tab within the tablist to deselect + */ +function deselectTabList(tab) { + const parent = tab.parentNode; + const grandparent = parent.parentNode; + + Array.from(parent.children) + .forEach(t => t.setAttribute("aria-selected", false)); + + Array.from(grandparent.children) + .slice(1) // Skip tablist + .forEach(panel => panel.setAttribute("hidden", true)); +} + +/** + * Select grouped tabs with the same name, but no the tab + * with the given id. + * @param {Node} name name of grouped tab to be selected + * @param {Node} clickedId id of clicked tab + */ +function selectNamedTabs(name, clickedId=null) { + const groupedTabs = document.querySelectorAll(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + const tabLists = Array.from(groupedTabs).map(tab => tab.parentNode); + + tabLists + .forEach(tabList => { + // Don't want to change the tabList containing the clicked tab + const clickedTab = tabList.querySelector(`[id="${clickedId}"]`); + if (clickedTab === null ) { + // Select first tab with matching name + const tab = tabList.querySelector(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + deselectTabList(tab); + selectTab(tab); + } + }) +} + +if (typeof exports === 'undefined') { + exports = {}; +} + +exports.keyTabs = keyTabs; +exports.changeTabs = changeTabs; +exports.selectTab = selectTab; +exports.deselectTabList = deselectTabList; +exports.selectNamedTabs = selectNamedTabs; diff --git a/branch/main/_static/term_role_formatting.css b/branch/main/_static/term_role_formatting.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b66095 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/term_role_formatting.css @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +/* Make terms bold */ +a.reference span.std-term { + font-weight: bold; +} diff --git a/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.css b/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54a6787 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +/** + * Admonition-based toggles + */ + +/* Visibility of the target */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title ~ * { + transition: opacity .3s, height .3s; +} + +/* Toggle buttons inside admonitions so we see the title */ +.admonition.toggle { + position: relative; +} + +/* Titles should cut off earlier to avoid overlapping w/ button */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title { + padding-right: 25%; + cursor: pointer; +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:hover { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 1%); +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:active { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 3%); +} + +/* Remove extra whitespace below the admonition title when hidden */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0; +} + +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +/* hides all the content of a page until de-toggled */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title ~ * { + height: 0; + margin: 0; + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* General button style and position*/ +button.toggle-button { + /** + * Background and shape. By default there's no background + * but users can style as they wish + */ + background: none; + border: none; + outline: none; + + /* Positioning just inside the admonition title */ + position: absolute; + right: 0.5em; + padding: 0px; + border: none; + outline: none; +} + +/* Display the toggle hint on wide screens */ +@media (min-width: 768px) { + button.toggle-button.toggle-button-hidden:before { + content: attr(data-toggle-hint); /* This will be filled in by JS */ + font-size: .8em; + align-self: center; + } +} + +/* Icon behavior */ +.tb-icon { + transition: transform .2s ease-out; + height: 1.5em; + width: 1.5em; + stroke: currentColor; /* So that we inherit the color of other text */ +} + +/* The icon should point right when closed, down when open. */ +/* Open */ +.admonition.toggle button .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +/* Closed */ +.admonition.toggle button.toggle-button-hidden .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(0deg); +} + +/* With details toggles, we don't rotate the icon so it points right */ +details.toggle-details .tb-icon { + height: 1.4em; + width: 1.4em; + margin-top: 0.1em; /* To center the button vertically */ +} + + +/** + * Details-based toggles. + * In this case, we wrap elements with `.toggle` in a details block. + */ + +/* Details blocks */ +details.toggle-details { + margin: 1em 0; +} + + +details.toggle-details summary { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + cursor: pointer; + list-style: none; + border-radius: .2em; + border-left: 3px solid #1976d2; + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 10%); + padding: 0.2em 0.7em 0.3em 0.5em; /* Less padding on left because the SVG has left margin */ + font-size: 0.9em; +} + +details.toggle-details summary:hover { + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 20%); +} + +details.toggle-details summary:active { + background: rgb(204 204 204 / 28%); +} + +.toggle-details__summary-text { + margin-left: 0.2em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary { + margin-bottom: .5em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary ~ * { + animation: toggle-fade-in .3s ease-out; +} + +@keyframes toggle-fade-in { + from {opacity: 0%;} + to {opacity: 100%;} +} + +/* Print rules - we hide all toggle button elements at print */ +@media print { + /* Always hide the summary so the button doesn't show up */ + details.toggle-details summary { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.js b/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215a7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/_static/togglebutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +/** + * Add Toggle Buttons to elements + */ + +let toggleChevron = ` + + + +`; + +var initToggleItems = () => { + var itemsToToggle = document.querySelectorAll(togglebuttonSelector); + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Adding toggle buttons to ${itemsToToggle.length} items`) + // Add the button to each admonition and hook up a callback to toggle visibility + itemsToToggle.forEach((item, index) => { + if (item.classList.contains("admonition")) { + // If it's an admonition block, then we'll add a button inside + // Generate unique IDs for this item + var toggleID = `toggle-${index}`; + var buttonID = `button-${toggleID}`; + + item.setAttribute('id', toggleID); + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle")){ + item.classList.add("toggle"); + } + // This is the button that will be added to each item to trigger the toggle + var collapseButton = ` + `; + + title = item.querySelector(".admonition-title") + title.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend", collapseButton); + thisButton = document.getElementById(buttonID); + + // Add click handlers for the button + admonition title (if admonition) + admonitionTitle = document.querySelector(`#${toggleID} > .admonition-title`) + if (admonitionTitle) { + // If an admonition, then make the whole title block clickable + admonitionTitle.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + admonitionTitle.dataset.target = toggleID + admonitionTitle.dataset.button = buttonID + } else { + // If not an admonition then we'll listen for the button click + thisButton.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + } + + // Now hide the item for this toggle button unless explicitly noted to show + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + toggleHidden(thisButton); + } + } else { + // If not an admonition, wrap the block in a
block + // Define the structure of the details block and insert it as a sibling + var detailsBlock = ` +
+ + ${toggleChevron} + ${toggleHintShow} + +
`; + item.insertAdjacentHTML("beforebegin", detailsBlock); + + // Now move the toggle-able content inside of the details block + details = item.previousElementSibling + details.appendChild(item) + item.classList.add("toggle-details__container") + + // Set up a click trigger to change the text as needed + details.addEventListener('click', (click) => { + let parent = click.target.parentElement; + if (parent.tagName.toLowerCase() == "details") { + summary = parent.querySelector("summary"); + details = parent; + } else { + summary = parent; + details = parent.parentElement; + } + // Update the inner text for the proper hint + if (details.open) { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintShow; + } else { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintHide; + } + + }); + + // If we have a toggle-shown class, open details block should be open + if (item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + details.click(); + } + } + }) +}; + +// This should simply add / remove the collapsed class and change the button text +var toggleHidden = (button) => { + target = button.dataset['target'] + var itemToToggle = document.getElementById(target); + if (itemToToggle.classList.contains("toggle-hidden")) { + itemToToggle.classList.remove("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.remove("toggle-button-hidden"); + } else { + itemToToggle.classList.add("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.add("toggle-button-hidden"); + } +} + +var toggleClickHandler = (click) => { + // Be cause the admonition title is clickable and extends to the whole admonition + // We only look for a click event on this title to trigger the toggle. + + if (click.target.classList.contains("admonition-title")) { + button = click.target.querySelector(".toggle-button"); + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("tb-icon")) { + // We've clicked the icon and need to search up one parent for the button + button = click.target.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.tagName == "polyline") { + // We've clicked the SVG elements inside the button, need to up 2 layers + button = click.target.parentElement.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("toggle-button")) { + // We've clicked the button itself and so don't need to do anything + button = click.target; + } else { + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Couldn't find button for ${click.target}`) + } + target = document.getElementById(button.dataset['button']); + toggleHidden(target); +} + +// If we want to blanket-add toggle classes to certain cells +var addToggleToSelector = () => { + const selector = ""; + if (selector.length > 0) { + document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((item) => { + item.classList.add("toggle"); + }) + } +} + +// Helper function to run when the DOM is finished +const sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(addToggleToSelector) +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(initToggleItems) + +/** Toggle details blocks to be open when printing */ +if (toggleOpenOnPrint == "true") { + window.addEventListener("beforeprint", () => { + // Open the details + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.dataset["togglestatus"] = el.open; + el.open = true; + }); + + // Open the admonitions + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle.toggle-hidden").forEach((el) => { + console.log(el); + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] = "true"; + }); + }); + window.addEventListener("afterprint", () => { + // Re-close the details that were closed + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.open = el.dataset["togglestatus"] == "true"; + delete el.dataset["togglestatus"]; + }); + + // Re-close the admonition toggle buttons + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle").forEach((el) => { + if (el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] == "true") { + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + delete el.dataset["toggle_after_print"]; + } + }); + }); +} diff --git a/branch/main/code/fortran/build_pFUnit/index.html b/branch/main/code/fortran/build_pFUnit/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08acc54 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/code/fortran/build_pFUnit/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ + + + + + + + Example installation of pFUnit and pFUnit_demos — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
  • + +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
  • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

Example installation of pFUnit and pFUnit_demos

+
+

Set up the environment

+

Installing pFUnit requires Git, a Fortran compiler and CMake.

+
+

On a cluster

+

On an HPC cluster you might need to add a few environment modules. For +example, on Tetralith you +would do:

+
module add git/2.19.3-nsc1-gcc-system
+module add CMake/3.16.4-nsc1
+export FC=/software/sse/manual/mpprun/4.1.3/nsc-wrappers/ifort
+
+
+
+
+

On own computer

+

If you don’t have CMake or a Fortran compiler +installed yet, one option is to install them into a conda environment +by first saving the following into a file environment.yml:

+
name: compilers
+channels:
+  - conda-forge
+dependencies:
+  - cmake
+  - compilers
+
+
+

followed by installing the packages into a new environment:

+
conda env create -f environment.yml
+
+
+

and finally activating the environment:

+
conda activate compilers
+
+
+

For good measure, set the FC variable to point to your +Fortran compiler (adjust path as needed):

+
export FC=$HOME/miniconda3/envs/compilers/bin/gfortran
+
+
+
+
+
+

Clone the pFUnit repository

+
git clone --recursive git@github.com:Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit.git
+cd pFUnit
+
+
+
+
+

Configure with Cmake

+
mkdir build
+cd build
+cmake ..
+
+
+
+
+

Build and install

+

The following will install pFUnit into a directory installed under +the build directory.

+
make tests
+make install
+
+
+
+
+

Compiling with pFUnit

+

When compiling with pFUnit, set:

+
export PFUNIT_DIR=$HOME/path/to/pFUnit/build/installed
+
+
+

and run CMake with -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$PFUNIT_DIR.

+
+
+

Clone the pFUnit_demos repository

+

This is for testing and learning purposes.

+
git clone git@github.com:Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit_demos.git
+
+
+
+

Try out the Trivial, Basic, and MPI examples

+
cd pFUnit_demos
+export PFUNIT_DIR=~pFUnit/build/installed/PFUNIT-4.2
+cd Trivial
+./build_with_cmake_and_run.x
+cd ../Basic
+./build_with_cmake_and_run.x
+cd ../MPI
+./build_with_cmake_and_run.x
+´´´
+
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright CodeRefinery project.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/concepts/index.html b/branch/main/concepts/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8a4cec --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/concepts/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ + + + + + + + <no title> — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +

This page has been merged with Motivation

+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright CodeRefinery project.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/conclusions/index.html b/branch/main/conclusions/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d68058b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/conclusions/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ + + + + + + + Conclusions and recommendations — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Conclusions and recommendations

+
+

The basics

+
    +
  • Learn one test framework well enough for basics

    +
      +
    • Explore and use the good tools that exist out there

    • +
    • An incomplete list of testing frameworks can be found in the Quick Reference

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Start with some basics

    +
      +
    • Some simple thing that test all parts

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Automate tests

    +
      +
    • Faster feedback and reduce the number of surprises

    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+

Going more in-depth

+
    +
  • Strike a healthy balance between unit tests and integration tests

  • +
  • As the code gets larger and the chance of undetected bugs +increases, tests should increase

  • +
  • When adding new functionality, also add tests

  • +
  • When you discover and fix a bug, also commit a test against this bug

  • +
  • Use code coverage analysis to identify untested or unused code

  • +
  • If you make your code easier to test, it becomes more modular

  • +
+
+
+

Ways to get started

+

You probably won’t do everything perfectly when you start off… But +what are some of the easy starting points?

+
    +
  • Do you have some single functions that are easy to test, but hard to +verify just by looking at them? Add unit tests.

  • +
  • Do you have data analysis or simulation of some sort? Make an +end-to-end test with sample data, or sample parameters. This is +useful as an example anyway.

  • +
  • A local testing framework + GitHub actions is very easy! And works +well in the background - you do whatever you want and get an email +if you break things. It’s actually pretty freeing.

  • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/continuous-integration/index.html b/branch/main/continuous-integration/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6a5b6a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/continuous-integration/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,699 @@ + + + + + + + Automated testing — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Automated testing

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository?

  • +
  • Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages?

  • +
+
+
+

Continuous integration

+

We will now learn to set up automatic tests using either GitHub Actions or +GitLab CI - you can choose which one to use and instructions are provided for both.

+

This exercise can be run in “collaborative mode” by following instead the instructions +in Full-cycle collaborative workflow. In the collaborative version steps +C-D below are performed by a collaborator.

+
+

Exercise CI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab

+

In this exercise, we will:

+
    +
  • A. Create and add code to a repository on GitHub/GitLab (or, alternatively, fork and clone an existing example repository)

  • +
  • B. Set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI

  • +
  • C. Find a bug in our repository and open an issue to report it

  • +
  • D. Fix the bug on a bugfix branch and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

  • +
  • E. Merge the pull/merge request and see how the issue is automatically closed.

  • +
  • F. Create a test to increase the code coverage of our tests.

  • +
+
+
+

Prerequisites

+

If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +this git-refresher material. +If you are new to pull requests / merge requests, you can learn all about them +in the Collaborative Git lesson.

+
+
+

Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab OR fork from the example repo

+
+

Create a new repository

+
    +
  • Begin by creating a repository called (for example) example-ci.

  • +
  • Before you create the repository, select “Initialize this repository +with a README” (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo).

  • +
  • Clone the repository (git clone git@github.com:<yourGitID>/example-ci.git).

  • +
  • Add the following files and code

  • +
+
+

Add a file functions.py containing:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a + b  # <--- fix this in step 7
+
+def multiply(a, b):
+    return a * b
+
+def convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit):
+    return multiply(subtract(fahrenheit, 32), 9 / 5) # <-- Fix this in step 7
+
+
+

and a file test_functions.py containing:

+

+from functions import add, subtract, multiply
+from functions import convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius as f2c
+import pytest
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(2, 3) == 5
+    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 5
+#def test_subtract():
+#    assert subtract(2, 3) == -1
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 11
+# def test_convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius():
+#    assert f2c(32) == 0
+#    assert f2c(122) == pytest.approx(50)
+#    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+#        f2c(-600)
+
+
+
+

Finally, stage the files (git add <filename>), commit (git commit -m "some commit message"), +and push the changes (git push origin main).

+
+
+
+

Fork and clone an existing example repository

+
    +
  • Fork the example repo. There are two options one for python and one for R.

  • +
  • Clone your fork (git clone git@github.com:<yourGitID>/<Py/R>TestingExample.git).

  • +
+
+
+
+

Step 2: Run tests locally

+
+

You can now run your tests locally with

+
pytest
+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 3: Enable automated testing

+
+

In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. +Select “Actions” from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page +“Get started with GitHub Actions”. Select the button for “Configure” +under Python Application:

+
+Selecting a Python workflow +
+

Select “Python application” as the starter workflow.

+
+
+

GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder .github/workflows. +Modify the highlited lines according to the action below. This will add a code coverage +report to new pull requests. The if clause restricts this to pull requests, as otherwise +this action would not have a target to write the reports to. On pushes only the unittesting is run.

+
# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a variety of Python versions
+# For more information see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/building-and-testing-python
+
+name: Python package
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python 3.10
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.10"
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install flake8 pytest pytest-cov
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with pytest and calculate coverage
+      run: |
+        pytest --cov-report "xml:coverage.xml"  --cov=.
+    - name: Create Coverage
+      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+      uses: orgoro/coverage@v3
+      with:
+          coverageFile: coverage.xml
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+
+

Commit the change by pressing the “Start Commit” button:

+
+Committing the change +
+

Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master.

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run

+
+

Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is +executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green +check mark, once the test succeeds:

+
+Verify that the test passed +
+

Green check means passed.

+
+
+

Also browse the “Actions” tab and look at the steps there and their output.

+
+
+
+

Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem

+

After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository:

+
$ git pull origin main
+
+
+

Hint: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called main and not perhaps master.

+

Next uncomment the code in test_functions.py under “step 5”, commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the “Actions” tab (GitHub) +or the “CI/CD->Pipelines” tab (GitLab).

+
+
+

Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab

+

Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the +“Issues” button on GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that we will fix the issue through a pull/merge request.

+
+
+

Step 7: Fix the broken test

+

Now fix the code on a new branch, you can call it yourname/bugfix. +After you have fixed the code on the new branch, commit the following +commit message "restore function subtract; fixes #1" (assuming that +you try to fix issue number 1).

+
+

Shortcut

+

Here it’s perfectly possible to take a shortcut and commit and push +directly to the main branch. If you do this, steps 8-9 below are skipped.

+
    +
  • When would you push directly to the main branch, and when would you send a +pull/merge request?

  • +
+
+

Then push to your repository.

+
+
+

Step 8: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

+

Go back to the repository on GitHub or GitLab and open a pull/merge +request. In a collaborative setting, you could request a code +review from collaborators at this stage. Before accepting the +pull/merge request, observe how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI +automatically tested the code.

+

If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you +can still add it to the pull/merge request: my pull/merge request title, closes #1.

+
+
+

Step 9: Accept the pull/merge request

+

Observe how accepting the pull/merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull/merge request contained the correct issue number).

+

See also:

+ +

Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful?

+
+
+

Step 10: Increase your code coverage

+

We are currently missing several functions in our tests. Write a test for the multiply function in a new branch and create a pull request. +On python you can directly observe the increase in code coverage. +On R you can have a look at the action (Actions -> last run of your action -> Select a job -> Test coverage). If you compare this with the +previous run, you should see an increase once the update is in.

+
+
+

Step 11 (optional): Repeat steps 5-9 for the convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function:

+

Repetition helps learning, so let’s do the testing again for our convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function. +Uncomment the test for the convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function and repeat steps 5 to 9 fixing the bug this test exposes.

+
+
+

Discussion

+

Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise.

+
+
+
+
+

Where to go from here

+
    +
  • This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages

  • +
  • This workflow is very useful for collaborators who work on the same code and it works both for +centralized and +forking workflows - have a look at this +alternative exercise to see how that works.

  • +
  • GitHub Actions has a Marketpace which offer wide range of automatic workflows

  • +
  • On GitLab use GitLab CI

  • +
  • For Windows builds you can also use Appveyor

  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue +autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request.

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/exercises/index.html b/branch/main/exercises/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..822a4bf --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/exercises/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1689 @@ + + + + + + + List of exercises — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

List of exercises

+
+

Full list

+

This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests.

+
+

Testing locally

+

In pytest.md:

+
+

Local-1: Create a minimal Pytest example (15 min)

+

In this exercise, we will create a minimal example using +the pytest, run the test, and show what +happens when a test breaks.

+
    +
  1. Create a new directory and change into it:

    +
    $ mkdir pytest-example
    +$ cd pytest-example
    +
    +
    +
  2. +
  3. Then create a file called example.py and copy-paste the following code into it:

    +
    def add(a, b):
    +    return a + b
    +
    +
    +def test_add():
    +    assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
    +
    +
    +

    This code contains one genuine function and a test function. +pytest finds any functions beginning with test_ and treats them +as tests.

    +
  4. +
  5. Let us try to test it with pytest:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add PASSED
    +
    +========================================================= 1 passed in 0.01 seconds ===============================
    +
    +
    +

    Yay! The test passed!

    +

    Hint for participants trying this inside Spyder or IPython: try !pytest -v example.py.

    +
  6. +
  7. Let us break the test! +Introduce a code change which breaks the code and check +whether pytest detects the change:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add FAILED
    +
    +================================================================= FAILURES =======================================
    +_________________________________________________________________ test_add _______________________________________
    +
    +    def test_add():
    +>       assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +E       assert -1 == 5
    +E         --1
    +E         +5
    +
    +example.py:6: AssertionError
    +========================================================= 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ==============
    +
    +
    +

    Notice how pytest is smart and includes context: lines that failed, +values of the relevant variables.

    +
  8. +
+
+

In pytest.md:

+
+

(optional) Local-2: Create a test that considers numerical tolerance (10 min)

+

Let’s see an example where the test has to be more clever in order to +avoid false negative.

+

In the above exercise we have compared integers. In this optional exercise we +want to learn how to compare floating point numbers since they are more tricky +(see also “What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic”).

+

The following test will fail and this might be surprising. Try it out:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(0.1, 0.2) == 0.3
+
+
+

Your goal: find a more robust way to test this addition.

+
+

In pytest.md:

+ +
+
+

Automated testing

+

In continuous-integration.md:

+
+

Exercise CI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab

+

In this exercise, we will:

+
    +
  • A. Create and add code to a repository on GitHub/GitLab (or, alternatively, fork and clone an existing example repository)

  • +
  • B. Set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI

  • +
  • C. Find a bug in our repository and open an issue to report it

  • +
  • D. Fix the bug on a bugfix branch and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

  • +
  • E. Merge the pull/merge request and see how the issue is automatically closed.

  • +
  • F. Create a test to increase the code coverage of our tests.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Test design

+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-1: Design a test for a function that receives a number and returns a number

+
+
def factorial(n):
+    """
+    Computes the factorial of n.
+    """
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError('received negative input')
+    result = 1
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        result *= i
+    return result
+
+
+

Discussion point: The factorial grows very rapidly. What happens if you +pass a large number as argument to the function?

+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-2: Design a test for a function that receives two strings and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_string(text, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in text.
+    Example: if text is "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    words = text.split()
+    return words.count(word)
+
+
+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-3: Design a test for a function which reads a file and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_file(file_name, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in file file_name.
+    Example: if file contains "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    count = 0
+    with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            words = line.split()
+            count += words.count(word)
+    return count
+
+
+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-4: Design a test for a function with an external dependency

+

This one is not easy to test because the function has an external dependency.

+
+
def check_reactor_temperature(temperature_celsius):       """
+    Checks whether temperature is above max_temperature
+    and returns a status.
+    """
+    from reactor import max_temperature
+    if temperature_celsius > max_temperature:
+        status = 1
+    else:
+        status = 0
+    return status
+
+
+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-5: Design a test for a method of a mutable class

+
+
class Pet:
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.hunger = 0
+    def go_for_a_walk(self):  # <-- how would you test this function?
+        self.hunger += 1
+
+
+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-6: Experience test-driven development

+

Write a test before writing the function! You can decide yourself +what your unwritten function should do, but as a suggestion it can +be based on FizzBuzz - i.e. +a function that:

+
    +
  • takes an integer argument

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of three, returns “Fizz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of five, returns “Buzz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of both three and five, returns “FizzBuzz”

  • +
  • fails in case of non-integer arguments or integer arguments 0 or negative

  • +
  • otherwise returns the integer itself

  • +
+

When writing the tests, consider the different ways that the function could +and should fail.

+

After you have written the tests, implement the function and run the tests +until they pass.

+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-7: Write two different types of tests for randomness

+

Consider the code below which simulates playing +Yahtzee by using +random numbers. How would you go about testing it?

+

Try to write two types of tests:

+
    +
  • a unit test for the roll_dice function. Since it uses +random numbers, you will need to set the random seed, +pre-calculate what sequence of dice throws you get with that seed, +and use that in your test.

  • +
  • a test of the yahtzee function which considers the statistical +probability of obtaining a “Yahtzee” (5 dice with the same value +after three throws), which is around 4.6%. This test will be +an integration test since it tests multiple functions including the +random number generator itself.

  • +
+
+
import random
+from collections import Counter
+
+
+def roll_dice(num_dice):
+    return [random.choice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) for _ in range(num_dice)]
+
+
+def yahtzee():
+    """
+    Play yahtzee with 5 6-sided dice and 3 throws.
+    Collect as many of the same dice side as possible.
+    Returns the number of same sides.
+    """
+
+    # first throw
+    result = roll_dice(5)
+    most_common_side, how_often = Counter(result).most_common(1)[0]
+
+    # we keep the most common side
+    target_side = most_common_side
+    num_same_sides = how_often
+    if num_same_sides == 5:
+        return 5
+
+    # second and third throw
+    for _ in [2, 3]:
+        throw = roll_dice(5 - num_same_sides)
+        num_same_sides += Counter(throw)[target_side]
+        if num_same_sides == 5:
+            return 5
+
+    return num_same_sides
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    num_games = 100
+
+    winning_games = list(
+        filter(
+            lambda x: x == 5,
+            [yahtzee() for _ in range(num_games)],
+        )
+    )
+
+    print(f"out of the {num_games} games, {len(winning_games)} got a yahtzee!")
+
+
+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-8: Design (but not write) an end-to-end test for the uniq program

+

To have a tangible example, let us consider the uniq command. This command +can read a file or an input stream and remove consecutive repetition. +The program behind uniq has been written by somebody else, it probably contains +some functions, but we will not look into it but regard it as “black box”.

+

If we have a file called repetitive-text.txt containing:

+
(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+another line
+another line
+another line
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

… then feeding this input file to uniq like this:

+
$ uniq < repetitive-text.txt
+
+
+

… will produce the following output with repetitions removed:

+
(all together now) all together now
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

How would you write an end-to-end test for uniq?

+
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-9: More end-to-end testing

+
    +
  • Now imagine a code which reads numbers and produces some (floating +point) numbers. How would you test that?

  • +
  • How would you test a code end-to-end which produces images?

  • +
+
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-10: Create an actual end-to-end test

+

Often, you can include tests that run your whole workflow or program. +For example, you might include sample data and check the output +against what you expect. (including sample data is a great idea +anyway, so this helps a lot!)

+

We’ll use the word-count example repository +https://github.com/coderefinery/word-count.

+

As a reminder, you can run the script like this to get some output, +which prints to standard output (the terminal):

+
$ python3 statistics/count.py data/abyss.txt
+
+
+

Your goal is to make a test that can run this and let you know if it’s +successful or not. You could use Python, or you could use shell +scripting. You can test if these two lines are in the output: the 4044 and and 2807.

+

Python hint: +subprocess.check_output +will run a command and return its output as a string.

+

Bash hint: COMMAND | grep "PATTERN" (“pipe to grep”) will be true if +the pattern is in the command.

+ +
+
+
+

(Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow

+

In full-cycle-ci.md:

+
+

FullCI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab with pull requests and issues

+

This is an expanded version of the automated testing demonstration. +The exercise is performed in a collaborative circle within the exercise group +(breakout room).

+

The exercise takes 20-30 minutes.

+

In this exercise, everybody will:

+

A. Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab (everybody should use a different repository name for their repository) +B. Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +C. Everybody will find a bug in their repository and open an issue in their repository +D. Then each one will clone the repo of one of their exercise partners, fix the bug, +and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +E. Everybody then merges their co-worker’s change

+
+

In full-cycle-ci.md:

+
+

(optional) FullCI-2: Add a license file to the previous exercise’s repository

+

In the Social coding and open software +lesson we learn how important it is to add a LICENSE file.

+

Your goal:

+
    +
  • You discover that your coworker’s repository does not have a LICENSE file.

  • +
  • Open an issue and suggest a LICENSE.

  • +
  • Then add a LICENSE via a pull/merge request, referencing the issue number.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/full-cycle-ci/index.html b/branch/main/full-cycle-ci/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87a074a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/full-cycle-ci/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,453 @@ + + + + + + + (Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

(Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository?

  • +
  • Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages?

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise a full-cycle collaborative workflow

+

This exercise is a collaborative version of the Automated testing exercise.

+
+

FullCI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab with pull requests and issues

+

This is an expanded version of the automated testing demonstration. +The exercise is performed in a collaborative circle within the exercise group +(breakout room).

+

The exercise takes 20-30 minutes.

+

In this exercise, everybody will:

+

A. Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab (everybody should use a different repository name for their repository) +B. Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +C. Everybody will find a bug in their repository and open an issue in their repository +D. Then each one will clone the repo of one of their exercise partners, fix the bug, +and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +E. Everybody then merges their co-worker’s change

+
+
+Graph with exercise steps +
+

Overview of this exercise. Below we detail the steps.

+
+
+
+

Prerequisites

+

If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +this git-refresher material.

+
+
+

Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab

+
    +
  • Select a different repository name than your colleagues (otherwise forking the same name will be strange)

  • +
  • Before you create the repository, select “Initialize this repository +with a README” (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo).

  • +
  • Share the repository URL with your exercise group via shared document or chat

  • +
+
+
+

Step 2: Clone your own repository, add code, commit, and push

+

Clone the repository.

+

Add a file example.py containing:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(2, 3) == 5
+    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
+
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a + b  # <--- fix this in step 8
+
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 5
+#def test_subtract():
+#    assert subtract(2, 3) == -1
+
+
+

Test example.py with pytest.

+

Then stage the file (git add <filename>), commit (git commit -m "some commit message"), +and push the changes (git push origin main).

+
+
+

Step 3: Enable automated testing

+
+

In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. +Select “Actions” from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page +“Get started with GitHub Actions”. Select the button for “Set up +this workflow” under Python Application:

+
+Selecting a Python workflow +
+

Select “Python application” as the starter workflow.

+
+
+

GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder .github/workflows. +Add pytest example.py to the last line (highlighted):

+
# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python
+# For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions
+
+name: Python application
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Set up Python 3.8
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.8
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install flake8 pytest
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: |
+        pytest example.py
+
+
+

Commit the change by pressing the “Start Commit” button:

+
+Committing the change +
+

Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master.

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run

+
+

Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is +executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green +check mark, once the test succeeds:

+
+Verify that the test passed +
+

Green check means passed.

+
+
+

Also browse the “Actions” tab and look at the steps there and their output.

+
+
+
+

Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem

+

After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository:

+
$ git pull origin main
+
+
+

Hint for helpers: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called main and not perhaps master.

+

Next uncomment the code in example.py under “step 5”, commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the “Actions” tab (GitHub) +or the “CI/CD->Pipelines” tab (GitLab).

+
+
+

Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab

+

Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the “Issues” button on +GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that your colleague will fix the issue through a pull/merge request.

+
+
+

Step 7: Fork and clone the repository of your colleague

+

Fork the repository using the GitHub/GitLab web interface. +(if you are unfamiliar with forking and pull requests, have a look at +this visual representation).

+

Make sure you clone the fork after you have forked it. Do not clone +your colleague’s repository directly.

+
+
$ git clone https://github.com/your-username/the-repository.git
+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 8: Fix the broken test

+

After you have fixed the code, commit the following commit message +"restore function subtract; fixes #1" (assuming that you try to fix +issue number 1).

+

Then push to your fork.

+
+
+

Step 9: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

+

Then before accepting the pull request/ merge request from your colleague, observe +how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI automatically tested the code.

+

If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you can still add it to +the pull request/ merge request: my pull/merge request title, closes #NUMBEROFTHEISSUE

+
+
+

Step 10: Accept the pull request/ merge request

+

Observe how accepting the pull request/ merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull request/ merge request contained the correct issue number).

+

See also:

+ +

Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful?

+
+
+

Discussion

+

Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise.

+
+

(optional) FullCI-2: Add a license file to the previous exercise’s repository

+

In the Social coding and open software +lesson we learn how important it is to add a LICENSE file.

+

Your goal:

+
    +
  • You discover that your coworker’s repository does not have a LICENSE file.

  • +
  • Open an issue and suggest a LICENSE.

  • +
  • Then add a LICENSE via a pull/merge request, referencing the issue number.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+
+

Where to go from here

+
    +
  • This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages

  • +
  • GitHub Actions has a Marketpace which offer wide range of automatic workflows

  • +
  • On GitLab use GitLab CI

  • +
  • For Windows builds you can also use Appveyor

  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue +autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request.

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/genindex/index.html b/branch/main/genindex/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d60c6dd --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/genindex/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ + + + + + + Index — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright CodeRefinery project.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/guide/index.html b/branch/main/guide/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f07ae46 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/guide/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ + + + + + + + Instructor guide — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Instructor guide

+
+

Detailed schedule

+
    +
  • 9:00-9:15 Motivation

  • +
  • 9:15-9:40 Testing locally

    +
      +
    • explain the exercise: 5 min

    • +
    • 20 min exercise

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 9:40-10:00 Automated testing

    +
      +
    • demo

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 10:00-10:10 Break

  • +
  • 10:10-10:50 Test design

    +
      +
    • explain the exercise: 10 min

    • +
    • 20 min exercise

    • +
    • discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 10:50-11:00 Discussion and summary

  • +
+
+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+
    +
  • Because writing tests and using automated testing is often part +of the development process, especially for codes that are larger than +a simple script.

  • +
  • We wish to give learners the tools so that they can rewrite codes and +collaborate on a code projects with more confidence.

  • +
  • Testing can help detecting regressions during development instead of later +(when using the code) or too late (after having published results).

  • +
  • Can simplify collaboration since contributors can be more confident that +their changes preserve expected functionality.

  • +
  • Tests document the intent of the function/module/library/code.

  • +
  • Tests can guide the code towards more modular and reusable code style with +fewer side effects.

  • +
+
+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+
    +
  • Know that in each language tools exist that can execute a series of test functions +and report success or failure.

  • +
  • Know that services like GitHub Actions, Azure pipelines, GitLab CI, Appveyor, and others +allow us to automatically run tests on every Git push or every pull request or merge request.

  • +
  • Be able to approach a function or module or library and design a test for it “in words” +or pseudo-code.

  • +
  • Know what test coverage means and how it can help to detect untested/unused code.

  • +
  • Know where in a larger and untested project to start introducing tests since it is beyond +reach and also probably not reasonable to test everything.

  • +
+
+
+

How we teach this lesson

+
+

How to start

+

The quote from another testing lesson by Kathryn Huff can be discussed +to get participants to reflect on the role of software testing in +science and its parallels to calibrating measurement devices. The second half +of the quote is left out because it goes so far as to say that untested software +does not constitute science, and this can be offending to learners.

+
+
+

Questions to involve participants

+
    +
  • Do you agree that testing software is similar to calibrating detectors?

  • +
  • Do you test your code?

  • +
  • How and when do you test?

  • +
  • Where would you start adding a test in an existing project?

  • +
  • In which situations would you recommend not to add any tests?

  • +
+
+
+

Structure of the lesson

+
+

Motivation and concepts

+

The former “motivation” and “concepts” episodes have been combined +into one. Previously, the lesson was described as quite dogmagtic and +without enough time for exercises. When teaching, try to give some of +the benefits, but without being too long about it. The quick +reference has more details on language-specific things.

+
+
+

Testing locally

+

After introducing the concepts the lesson becomes hands-on in the +Testing Locally episode. The pytest example there can be done as +type-along and the optional exercise “Testing with numerical +tolerance” can be left as homework. The end-to-end test may be hard +for many people who can’t script other programs, but it provides +something that can keep advanced people interested for longer.

+
+
+

Automated testing (or full-cycle collaborative workflow)

+

After learning how to run tests locally, the lesson goes into +automated testing using GitHub Actions or GitLab CI in the Automated +Testing episode. This episode is a simplified version of the +collaborative exercise in the optional episode “Full-cycle +collaborative workflow”, and the instructor has a choice which one to +teach (with the latter requiring around double the time). The +exercise in Automated Testing can either be done as a type-along +demonstration by the instructor or as an exercise in breakout rooms.

+

If run as an exercise, this episode requires that learners know how +to set up Git repositories locally and online and how to work with +pull/merge requests!

+

If the optional Full-cycle episode is covered, it is useful during the +wrap up of the exercise to have a co-instructor doing the exercise in +parallel with you. As your partner makes a pull requests with “fixes +#1” (or whatever PR number) you can show that the PR links to a issue, +and the issue pointing to a commit.

+
+
+

Test design

+

This episode now has exercises in different languages covering +different testing approaches (unit tests, integration tests, testing +randomness, TDD). In normal workshops there are far too many +exercises for the available time so the instructor has freedom to +recommend specific exercises, to let learners choose themselves, or to +recommend learners to discuss rather than implement the tests.

+
+
+

Order of Continuous Integration and Test Design

+

When this lesson is taught standalone in a software testing workshop +or hackathon, it might be better to go through the Test Design episode +before the Continuous Integration episode.

+
+
+
+

Timing

+

The lesson is stipulated to take around 2 hours, but if more time is +available you can replace the Automated Testing episode with “Full-cycle +collaborative workflow”, or give more time to the Test Design episode.

+

Splitting the lesson in two halves with a lunch break in the middle +works well. Before lunch you have on hour introduction and the two +first exercises. After lunch you continue with the automated testing +exercise and test design.

+
+
+

Room for improvement

+
    +
  • The lesson is still too Python centric in the “Testing locally” and “Automated testing” episodes. +It would be nice to offer alternatives for learners who write in different languages.

  • +
  • Currently the lesson is in the “discipline” domain. Testing is +something you do to control behavior (your own as well as the code). +Testing is also something you can do to improve productivity, but this +is less visible/detectable.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Field reports

+
+

2024 March (first time with no exercises)

+

This was the first year we did the “all demo” mode with no exercises, +and it worked well enough. Our rough plan can be seen at this +hackmd (not pasted here +because it’s kind of long).

+

We tried to be fast with motivation, and not go to details. In +“testing locally”, we basically did the exercise as a demo. There +wasn’t much of note, it worked and there was plenty of +discussion. “Automated testing” worked fine also, except: a) we had to +choose how to push to Github, we used vscode, but not all learners did +that method. Nothing to change here, but be aware you should explain +what and why you are doing for people who didn’t use your chosen +method of linking, and b) code coverage didn’t work from a PR from a +fork. We had one person set up the automated tests, then swapped +instructors and showed the second making the fork and contributing.

+

The biggest thing to think about is how, when demoing testing +locally/automated testing, people ask “how to tests work?”, which then +comes later. I don’t know if I would change the order, +though… because showing how to design tests without knowing how to +use them would make the same kind of questions, but reversed. I think +it’s just a “decide how it is and prepare for the questions” - maybe +in “motivation” or some other summary episode at the start.

+

“Test design” didn’t have any major problems, but many of the tests +were relatively simple to discuss: the earlier tests would be trivial +to understand if someone shows you the code (should we demonstrate +typing two lines that’s the same as in motivation? - but interesting +to do as an exercise). Some of the later ones were interesting to +build up and demonstrate. It would be good to think which exercises +one wants to demo, and which one wants to only talk about. And think +which comes out of each demo/telling.

+

Overall, no major issues in doing this demo-based with good +familiarity but limited preparation time.

+
+
+

2023 September

+

For this lesson, “Motivation” and “Concepts” were combined. An extra +end-to-end test was added under “testing locally”.

+
+
+

2023 March

+

Due to a mix-up with instructors, we changed the plan at the last +minute and it didn’t go so well (we should have known). The original +plan had pytest as a demo, with exercises for Github CI and test +design. We did pytest as an exercise, Github CI as an exercise, and +had almost no time for test design. One complaint was that there +wasn’t enough time for practical things, so I think a plan like last +time could have been good. As usual, we should have found a way to +talk less and do more.

+

This was the schedule from March 2023:

+
* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started
+* 9:00 - 10:45 [Software testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/)
+  - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday
+  - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/)
+  - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/)
+  - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/)
+      - 5 minutes talking
+      - 15 minute exercises
+      - 5 going over exercises and discussion
+  - 9:45-9:55 Break
+  - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/)
+      - type-along session
+  - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/)
+      - discussion: 5 minutes
+      - Exercises: 10 minutes.  Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do.
+      - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes
+  - 10:45-11:00 Break
+
+
+
+
+

2022 September

+

Overall, it went well with the schedule below. We had to be +efficient, but it seemed like it wasn’t too hard. The only complaint +was that there was a lot of time for the first exercise (pytest +locally), which I would agree with. I think for next time, we should +add in parts of that exercise so that there are more advanced things +to do, since there are more nice features of pytest, such as --pdb, +running single tests, etc. Other than that, there wasn’t really much +to report.

+

The way extra long breaks and a 5-minute starting point were included +is quite good for the schedule. Not because we needed them, but it +allowed us to go over time and not be under so much time pressure.

+
**Day 6**
+* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started
+* 9:00 - 10:45 Software testing
+  - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday
+  - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/)
+  - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/)
+  - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/)
+      - 5 minutes talking
+      - 15 minute exercises
+      - 5 going over exercises and discussion
+  - 9:45-9:55 Break
+  - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/)
+      - type-along session
+  - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/)
+      - discussion: 5 minutes
+      - Exercises: 10 minutes.  Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do.
+      - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes
+  - 10:45-11:00 Break
+
+
+
+
+

2019 November instructor training workshop

+

Some notes about teaching are here: +https://github.com/coderefinery/testing/issues/42

+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/index.html b/branch/main/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e9f0f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + + + + + Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
  • + +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
  • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code

+

Have you ever had some of these problems?:

+
    +
  • You change B and C, and suddenly A doesn’t work anymore. Time +wasted trying to figure out what changed.

  • +
  • There was some simple problem, systematically testing could have +found it.

  • +
  • You get someone else’s code and are afraid to touch it because who +knows what might break. Plot twist: it’s your own code!

  • +
+

People have learned that some automatic way to check problems makes +software development much easier. This lesson will talk about the +places it’s useful for research code, and how easy it can be. +We will discuss why testing often needs to be part of the +software development cycle and how such a cycle can be implemented. We will +see how automated testing works and practice designing and writing tests.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +
  1. You need pytest (as part of Anaconda or Miniconda or Virtual Environment).

  2. +
  3. (Optional) To work on exercises in other languages than Python, +please follow the instructions under “Language-specific +instructions” in the Test design episode +to install the recommended testing frameworks.

  4. +
  5. Basic understanding of Git.

  6. +
  7. You need a GitHub or a Gitlab account for the “automated testing” and +“full-cycle collaborative workflow” (but the rest works fine +just locally).

  8. +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

15 min

Motivation

25 min

Testing locally

30 min

Automated testing

30 min

Test design

5 min

Conclusions and recommendations

+ + + +
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/lesson.pdf b/branch/main/lesson.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c13c6bd Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/lesson.pdf differ diff --git a/branch/main/motivation/index.html b/branch/main/motivation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..721a560 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/motivation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,431 @@ + + + + + + + Motivation — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Motivation

+
+

Objectives

+
    +
  • Appreciate the importance of testing software

  • +
  • Understand various benefits of testing

  • +
+
+
+

Untested software can be compared to uncalibrated detectors

+

“Before relying on a new experimental device, an experimental scientist always +establishes its accuracy. A new detector is calibrated when the scientist +observes its responses to known input signals. The results of this +calibration are compared against the expected response.”

+
+
+

With testing, simulations and analysis using software can be held to the same standards as experimental measurement devices!

+

What can go wrong when research software has bugs? Look no further:

+ +
+
+
+

Testing in a nutshell

+

In software tests, expected results are compared with observed results +in order to establish accuracy. Why are we not comparing directly all +digits with the expected result?:

+
+
def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f):
+    """Converts temperature in Fahrenheit
+    to Celsius.
+    """
+    temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0)
+    return temp_c
+
+# This is the test function: `assert` raises an error if something
+# is wrong.
+def test_fahrenheit_to_celsius():
+    temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f=100.0)
+    expected_result = 37.777777
+    assert abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6
+    
+
+
+
+

Or you can test whole programs:

+
$ python3 run-test.py
+
+running: sample_data/set1.csv --output=tests/set1.txt
+CORRECT
+
+
+
+
+
+

What can tests help you do?

+

Preserving expected functionality

+
    +
  • Check old things when you add new ones

  • +
+

Help users of your code

+
    +
  • Verify it’s installed correctly and works.

  • +
  • See examples of what it should do.

  • +
+

Help other developers modify it

+
    +
  • Change things with confidence that nothing is breaking.

  • +
  • Warning if documentation/examples go out of date.

  • +
+

Manage complexity

+
    +
  • If code is easy to test, it’s probably easier to maintain.

  • +
  • The next lesson Modular code development +demonstrates this.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests?

+
+

Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests?

+

Vote in the notes and we’ll discuss soon. It is always a balance: there is no “always”/”never”.

+
    +
  1. Jupyter or R Markdown notebook which produces a plot and you know by +looking at the plot whether it worked?

  2. +
  3. A short, “obviously correct” Python or R script which you never intend to reuse?

  4. +
  5. A simple short, “obviously correct” shell script?

  6. +
  7. Can you give other examples?

  8. +
+
+
+
+
+

Discussion: What’s easy and hard to test?

+
+

Discussion: Testing in practice

+

Use the collaborative notes to answer these questions:

+
    +
  1. Give examples of things (from your work) that are easy to test.

  2. +
  3. Give examples of things (from your work) that are hard to test.

  4. +
+
+
+
+
+

Types of tests

+
    +
  • Test functions one at a time - Unit tests

  • +
  • Test how parts work together - Integration tests

  • +
  • Test the whole thing running - End-to-end tests

    +
      +
    • For example, running on sample data.

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Check same results as before - Regression tests

  • +
  • Write test first (the output), then write code to make test pass - +Test-driven development

  • +
  • GitHub or GitLab runs tests automatically - Continuous +integration

  • +
  • Report that tells you which lines were/were not run by tests - +Code coverage

  • +
  • Framework that runs test for you - Testing framework

    + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

What should you do?

+
    +
  • Not every code needs perfect test coverage.

  • +
  • If code is interactive-only (Jupyter Notebook), it’s usually hard to +test.

    +
      +
    • But also hard to run: the next lesson will discuss!

    • +
    +
  • +
  • At least end-to-end is often easy to add.

  • +
  • Add tests of tricky functions.

    +
      +
    • If you’d have to run it over and over to test while writing, why +not make it a property test?

    • +
    +
  • +
  • It’s easy to have Gitlab/Github run the tests.

    +
      +
    • It’s nice to push without thinking, and the system tells you when +it’s broke.

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Learning how to test well make the rest of your code better, too.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Where to start

+
    +
  • A simple script or notebook probably does not need an automated test.

  • +
+

If you have nothing yet

+
    +
  • Start with an end-to-end test.

  • +
  • Describe in words how you check whether the code still works.

  • +
  • Translate the words into a script.

  • +
  • Run the script automatically on every code change.

  • +
+

If you want to start with unit-testing

+
    +
  • You want to rewrite a function? Start adding a unit test right there first.

  • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/objects.inv b/branch/main/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61f08b1 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/objects.inv differ diff --git a/branch/main/pytest/index.html b/branch/main/pytest/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0201f7e --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/pytest/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ + + + + + + + Testing locally — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Testing locally

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How hard is it to implement a test suite using pytest?

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise pytest

+

In this exercise we will make a simple Python function and use +pytest to test it.

+
    +
  • This is easy to use by almost any Python project and doesn’t rely on any +other servers or services. Similar things exist in other languages.

  • +
  • The downside is that you have to remember to run it yourself.

  • +
+

We will try to +keep things simple so that those who do not use Python can follow.

+
+

Local-1: Create a minimal Pytest example (15 min)

+

In this exercise, we will create a minimal example using +the pytest, run the test, and show what +happens when a test breaks.

+
    +
  1. Create a new directory and change into it:

    +
    $ mkdir pytest-example
    +$ cd pytest-example
    +
    +
    +
  2. +
  3. Then create a file called example.py and copy-paste the following code into it:

    +
    def add(a, b):
    +    return a + b
    +
    +
    +def test_add():
    +    assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
    +
    +
    +

    This code contains one genuine function and a test function. +pytest finds any functions beginning with test_ and treats them +as tests.

    +
  4. +
  5. Let us try to test it with pytest:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add PASSED
    +
    +========================================================= 1 passed in 0.01 seconds ===============================
    +
    +
    +

    Yay! The test passed!

    +

    Hint for participants trying this inside Spyder or IPython: try !pytest -v example.py.

    +
  6. +
  7. Let us break the test! +Introduce a code change which breaks the code and check +whether pytest detects the change:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add FAILED
    +
    +================================================================= FAILURES =======================================
    +_________________________________________________________________ test_add _______________________________________
    +
    +    def test_add():
    +>       assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +E       assert -1 == 5
    +E         --1
    +E         +5
    +
    +example.py:6: AssertionError
    +========================================================= 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ==============
    +
    +
    +

    Notice how pytest is smart and includes context: lines that failed, +values of the relevant variables.

    +
  8. +
+
+
+

(optional) Local-2: Create a test that considers numerical tolerance (10 min)

+

Let’s see an example where the test has to be more clever in order to +avoid false negative.

+

In the above exercise we have compared integers. In this optional exercise we +want to learn how to compare floating point numbers since they are more tricky +(see also “What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic”).

+

The following test will fail and this might be surprising. Try it out:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(0.1, 0.2) == 0.3
+
+
+

Your goal: find a more robust way to test this addition.

+
+ +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • pytest collects and runs all test functions starting with +test_. If run on a directory, it collects all files matching test_*.py

  • +
  • Python and C/C++ have better tooling for automated tests than Fortran and you can use those also for Fortran projects (via iso_c_binding).

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/quick-reference/index.html b/branch/main/quick-reference/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..579147d --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/quick-reference/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,518 @@ + + + + + + + Quick Reference — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Quick Reference

+
+

Available tools

+
+

Unit test frameworks

+

A test framework makes it easy to run tests across large amounts +of code automatically. They provide more control than one single +script which does some tests.

+ +
+
+
+

pytest_

+
    +
  • Python

  • +
  • http://doc.pytest.org

  • +
  • Installable via Conda or pip.

  • +
  • Easy to use: Prefix a function with test_ and the test runner will execute it. +No need to subclass anything.

  • +
+
def get_word_lengths(s):
+    """
+    Returns a list of integers representing
+    the word lengths in string s.
+    """
+    return [len(w) for w in s.split()]
+
+def test_get_word_lengths():
+    text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street"
+    assert get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6]
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

testthat

+
    +
  • R

  • +
  • https://github.com/r-lib/testthat

  • +
  • Easily installed from CRAN with install.packages("testthat"), or from GitHub with devtools::install_github("r-lib/testthat")

  • +
  • Use in package development with usethis::use_testthat()

  • +
  • Add a new test file with usethis::use_test("test-name"), e.g.:

    +
    # tests/testthat/test_example.R
    +# file added by running `usethis::use_test("example")`
    +
    +context("Arithmetics")
    +library("mypackage")
    +
    +test_that("square root function works", {
    +  expect_equal(my_sqrt(4), 2)
    +  expect_warning(my_sqrt(-4))
    +})
    +
    +
    +

    Tests consist of one or more expectations, and multiple tests can be grouped together in one test file. +Test files are put in the directory tests/testthat/, and their file names are prefixed with test_.

    +
  • +
  • Run all tests in package with devtools::test() (if you use RStudio, press Ctrl+Shift+T):

    +
    > devtools::test()
    +Loading mypackage
    +Testing mypackage
    +✔ |  OK F W S | Context
    +✔ |   2       | Arithmetics
    +
    +══ Results ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    +OK:       2
    +Failed:   0
    +Warnings: 0
    +Skipped:  0
    +
    +
    +
  • +
+

More information in the Testing chapter of the book R Packages by Hadley Wickham.

+
+
+
+

Test

+
    +
  • Julia

  • +
  • +
  • +
  • Part of the standard library

  • +
  • Provides simple unit testing functionality with +@test and @test_throws macros:

  • +
+
julia> using Test
+
+julia> @test [1, 2] + [2, 1] == [3, 3]
+Test Passed
+
+# approximate comparisons:
+julia> @test π  3.14 atol=0.01
+Test Passed
+
+# Tests that an expression throws exception:
+julia> @test_throws BoundsError [1, 2, 3][4]
+Test Passed
+      Thrown: BoundsError
+
+julia> @test_throws DimensionMismatch [1, 2, 3] + [1, 2]
+Test Passed
+      Thrown: DimensionMismatch
+
+
+
    +
  • Grouping related tests with the @testset macro:

  • +
+
using Test
+
+function get_word_lengths(s::String)
+    return [length(w) for w in split(s)]
+end
+
+@testset "Testing get_word_length()" begin
+    text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street"
+    @test get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6]
+    number = 123
+    @test_throws MethodError get_word_lengths(number)
+end
+
+
+
+
+
+

Catch2

+ +
#include <catch2/catch.hpp>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+using namespace Catch::literals;
+
+TEST_CASE("Use the example library to add numbers", "[add]") {
+  auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  REQUIRE(res == 3.0_a);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Google Test

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Documentation

  • +
  • Widely used

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Well-integrated with CMake

  • +
+
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+TEST(example, add) {
+  double res;
+  res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  ASSERT_NEAR(res, 3.0, 1.0e-11);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Boost.Test

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Documentation

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Header-only use possible

  • +
+
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( add )
+{
+  auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  BOOST_TEST(res == 3.0);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

pFUnit

+ +
@test
+subroutine test_add_numbers()
+
+   use hello
+   use pfunit_mod
+
+   implicit none
+
+   real(8) :: res
+
+   call add_numbers(1.0d0, 2.0d0, res)
+   @assertEqual(res, 3.0d0)
+
+end subroutine
+
+
+ +

To test the factorial and fizzbuzz functions from the test-design +exercises, use this CMakeLists.txt file:

+
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+project (PFUNIT_DEMO_CR
+  VERSION 1.0.0
+  LANGUAGES Fortran)
+
+find_package(PFUNIT REQUIRED)
+enable_testing()
+
+# system under test
+add_library (sut
+  factorial.f90
+  fizzbuzz.f90
+  )
+
+target_include_directories(sut PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+
+# tests
+set (test_srcs test_factorial.pf test_fizzbuzz.pf)
+add_pfunit_ctest (my_tests
+  TEST_SOURCES ${test_srcs}
+  LINK_LIBRARIES sut
+  )
+
+
+

You can then compile using this script:

+
#!/bin/bash -f
+
+if [[ -d build ]]
+then
+    rm -rf build
+fi
+
+mkdir -p build
+cd build
+cmake .. -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$PFUNIT_DIR
+make
+./my_tests
+
+# or
+# ctest --verbose
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Services to deploy testing and coverage

+

Each of these are web services to handle testing, free for open source +projects.

+ +
+
+
+
+

Good resources

+ +
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Testing is a basic requirement of any possible language

  • +
  • There are various tools for any language you may use

  • +
  • There are free web services for open source

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/search/index.html b/branch/main/search/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8cccb6e --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/search/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ + + + + + + Search — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
  • + +
  • +
  • +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + +
+ +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright CodeRefinery project.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/searchindex.js b/branch/main/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f40f74 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["code/fortran/build_pFUnit", "concepts", "conclusions", "continuous-integration", "exercises", "full-cycle-ci", "guide", "index", "motivation", "pytest", "quick-reference", "test-design"], "filenames": ["code/fortran/build_pFUnit.md", "concepts.md", "conclusions.md", "continuous-integration.md", "exercises.rst", "full-cycle-ci.md", "guide.md", "index.rst", "motivation.md", "pytest.md", "quick-reference.md", "test-design.md"], "titles": ["Example installation of pFUnit and pFUnit_demos", "<no title>", "Conclusions and recommendations", "Automated testing", "List of exercises", "(Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow", "Instructor guide", "Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code", 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pFUnit_demos": [[0, "example-installation-of-pfunit-and-pfunit-demos"]], "Set up the environment": [[0, "set-up-the-environment"]], "On a cluster": [[0, "on-a-cluster"]], "On own computer": [[0, "on-own-computer"]], "Clone the pFUnit repository": [[0, "clone-the-pfunit-repository"]], "Configure with Cmake": [[0, "configure-with-cmake"]], "Build and install": [[0, "build-and-install"]], "Compiling with pFUnit": [[0, "compiling-with-pfunit"]], "Clone the pFUnit_demos repository": [[0, "clone-the-pfunit-demos-repository"]], "Try out the Trivial, Basic, and MPI examples": [[0, "try-out-the-trivial-basic-and-mpi-examples"]], "Conclusions and recommendations": [[2, "conclusions-and-recommendations"]], "The basics": [[2, "the-basics"]], "Going more in-depth": [[2, "going-more-in-depth"]], "Ways to get started": [[2, "ways-to-get-started"]], "Automated testing": [[3, "automated-testing"], [4, "automated-testing"]], "Questions": [[3, "questions-0"], [5, "questions-0"], [9, "questions-0"], [11, "questions-0"]], "Continuous integration": [[3, "continuous-integration"]], "Exercise CI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab": [[3, "exercise-0"], [4, "exercise-0"]], "Prerequisites": [[3, "prerequisites"], [5, "prerequisites"], [7, "prerequisites-0"]], "Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab OR fork from the example repo": [[3, "step-1-create-a-new-repository-on-github-gitlab-or-fork-from-the-example-repo"]], "Create a new repository": [[3, "create-a-new-repository"]], "Fork and clone an existing example repository": [[3, "fork-and-clone-an-existing-example-repository"]], "Step 2: Run tests locally": [[3, "step-2-run-tests-locally"]], "Step 3: Enable automated testing": [[3, "step-3-enable-automated-testing"], [5, "step-3-enable-automated-testing"]], "Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run": [[3, "step-4-verify-that-tests-have-been-automatically-run"], [5, "step-4-verify-that-tests-have-been-automatically-run"]], "Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem": [[3, "step-5-add-a-test-which-reveals-a-problem"], [5, "step-5-add-a-test-which-reveals-a-problem"]], "Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab": [[3, "step-6-open-an-issue-on-github-gitlab"], [5, "step-6-open-an-issue-on-github-gitlab"]], "Step 7: Fix the broken test": [[3, "step-7-fix-the-broken-test"]], "Shortcut": [[3, "callout-0"]], "Step 8: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)": [[3, "step-8-open-a-pull-request-github-merge-request-gitlab"]], "Step 9: Accept the pull/merge request": [[3, "step-9-accept-the-pull-merge-request"]], "Step 10: Increase your code coverage": [[3, "step-10-increase-your-code-coverage"]], "Step 11 (optional): Repeat steps 5-9 for the convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function:": [[3, "step-11-optional-repeat-steps-5-9-for-the-convert-fahrenheit-to-celsius-function"]], "Discussion": [[3, "discussion"], [5, "discussion"]], "Where to go from here": [[3, "where-to-go-from-here"], [5, "where-to-go-from-here"]], "Keypoints": [[3, "keypoints-0"], [5, "keypoints-0"], [9, "keypoints-0"], [10, "keypoints-0"], [11, "keypoints-0"]], "List of exercises": [[4, "list-of-exercises"]], "Full list": [[4, "full-list"]], "Testing locally": [[4, "testing-locally"], [6, "testing-locally"], [9, "testing-locally"]], "Local-1: Create a minimal Pytest example (15 min)": [[4, "exercise-0"], [9, "exercise-0"]], "(optional) Local-2: Create a test that considers numerical tolerance (10 min)": [[4, "exercise-1"], [9, "exercise-1"]], "Solution: Local-2": [[4, "solution-0"], [9, "solution-0"]], "Test design": [[4, "test-design"], [6, "test-design"], [11, "test-design"]], "Design-1: Design a test for a function that receives a number and returns a number": [[4, "exercise-0"], [11, "exercise-0"]], "Solution": [[4, "solution-0"], [4, "solution-1"], [4, "solution-2"], [4, "solution-3"], [4, "solution-4"], [4, "solution-5"], [4, "solution-6"], [4, "solution-7"], [11, "solution-0"], [11, "solution-1"], [11, "solution-2"], [11, "solution-3"], [11, "solution-4"], [11, "solution-5"], [11, "solution-6"], [11, "solution-7"]], "Design-2: Design a test for a function that receives two strings and returns a number": [[4, "exercise-1"], [11, "exercise-1"]], "Design-3: Design a test for a function which reads a file and returns a number": [[4, "exercise-2"], [11, "exercise-2"]], "Design-4: Design a test for a function with an external dependency": [[4, "exercise-3"], [11, "exercise-3"]], "Design-5: Design a test for a method of a mutable class": [[4, "exercise-4"], [11, "exercise-4"]], "Design-6: Experience test-driven development": [[4, "exercise-5"], [11, "exercise-5"]], "Design-7: Write two different types of tests for randomness": [[4, "exercise-6"], [11, "exercise-6"]], "Design-8: Design (but not write) an end-to-end test for the uniq program": [[4, "exercise-7"], [11, "exercise-7"]], "Design-9: More end-to-end testing": [[4, "exercise-8"], [11, "exercise-8"]], "Design-10: Create an actual end-to-end test": [[4, "exercise-9"], [11, "exercise-9"]], "(Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow": [[4, "optional-full-cycle-collaborative-workflow"], [5, "optional-full-cycle-collaborative-workflow"]], "FullCI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab with pull requests and issues": [[4, "exercise-0"], [5, "exercise-0"]], "(optional) FullCI-2: Add a license file to the previous exercise\u2019s repository": [[4, "exercise-1"], [5, "exercise-1"]], "Exercise a full-cycle collaborative workflow": [[5, "exercise-a-full-cycle-collaborative-workflow"]], "Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab": [[5, "step-1-create-a-new-repository-on-github-gitlab"]], "Step 2: Clone your own repository, add code, commit, and push": [[5, "step-2-clone-your-own-repository-add-code-commit-and-push"]], "Step 7: Fork and clone the repository of your colleague": [[5, "step-7-fork-and-clone-the-repository-of-your-colleague"]], "Step 8: Fix the broken test": [[5, "step-8-fix-the-broken-test"]], "Step 9: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)": [[5, "step-9-open-a-pull-request-github-merge-request-gitlab"]], "Step 10: Accept the pull request/ merge request": [[5, "step-10-accept-the-pull-request-merge-request"]], "Instructor guide": [[6, "instructor-guide"]], "Detailed schedule": [[6, "detailed-schedule"]], "Why we teach this lesson": [[6, "why-we-teach-this-lesson"]], "Intended learning outcomes": [[6, "intended-learning-outcomes"]], "How we teach this lesson": [[6, "how-we-teach-this-lesson"]], "How to start": [[6, "how-to-start"]], "Questions to involve participants": [[6, "questions-to-involve-participants"]], "Structure of the lesson": [[6, "structure-of-the-lesson"]], "Motivation and concepts": [[6, "motivation-and-concepts"]], "Automated testing (or full-cycle collaborative workflow)": [[6, "automated-testing-or-full-cycle-collaborative-workflow"]], "Order of Continuous Integration and Test Design": [[6, "order-of-continuous-integration-and-test-design"]], "Timing": [[6, "timing"]], "Room for improvement": [[6, "room-for-improvement"]], "Field reports": [[6, "field-reports"]], "2024 March (first time with no exercises)": [[6, "march-first-time-with-no-exercises"]], "2023 September": [[6, "september"]], "2023 March": [[6, "march"]], "2022 September": [[6, "id1"]], "2019 November instructor training workshop": [[6, "november-instructor-training-workshop"]], "Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code": [[7, "automated-testing-preventing-yourself-and-others-from-breaking-your-functioning-code"]], "The lesson": [[7, null]], "Reference": [[7, null]], "About": [[7, null]], "Motivation": [[8, "motivation"]], "Objectives": [[8, "objectives-0"]], "Untested software can be compared to uncalibrated detectors": [[8, "untested-software-can-be-compared-to-uncalibrated-detectors"]], "Testing in a nutshell": [[8, "testing-in-a-nutshell"]], "What can tests help you do?": [[8, "what-can-tests-help-you-do"]], "Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests?": [[8, "discussion-when-is-it-ok-not-to-add-tests"], [8, "discussion-0"]], "Discussion: What\u2019s easy and hard to test?": [[8, "discussion-what-s-easy-and-hard-to-test"]], "Discussion: Testing in practice": [[8, "discussion-1"]], "Types of tests": [[8, "types-of-tests"]], "What should you do?": [[8, "what-should-you-do"]], "Where to start": [[8, "where-to-start"]], "Exercise pytest": [[9, "exercise-pytest"]], "Quick Reference": [[10, "quick-reference"]], "Available tools": [[10, "available-tools"]], "Unit test frameworks": [[10, "unit-test-frameworks"]], "pytest_": [[10, "pytest"]], "testthat": [[10, "testthat"]], "Test": [[10, "test"]], "Catch2": [[10, "catch2"]], "Google Test": [[10, "google-test"]], "Boost.Test": [[10, "boost-test"]], "pFUnit": [[10, "pfunit"]], "Services to deploy testing and coverage": [[10, "services-to-deploy-testing-and-coverage"]], "Good resources": [[10, 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+ padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.sig dd { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +.sig dl { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; 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+} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40eafe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +.highlight:hover button.copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3ecd03 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), 2000) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/css/badge_only.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ 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+ return this; // for chaining... + } +})(jQuery); + +// NO good way to do this!. Copy a hack from here +// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/901115/how-can-i-get-query-string-values-in-javascript +// https://stackoverflow.com/a/2880929 +var urlParams; +(window.onpopstate = function () { + var match, + pl = /\+/g, // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space + search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, + decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, + query = window.location.search.substring(1); + urlParams = {}; + while (match = search.exec(query)) + urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); +})(); + +// Select heading levels +var maxHeading = urlParams['h'] +if (maxHeading === undefined) maxHeading = 2 +var headingLevels = []; +for (h=2 ; h (sections.length-1) ) { + // if we would scroll past bottom, or above top, do nothing + return; + } + + console.log('xxxxxx'); + var targetSection = sections[targetPos]; + console.log(targetSection, typeof(targetSection)); + + // Return targetSection top and height + var secProperties = section_top_and_height(targetSection); + var top = secProperties['top']; + var height = secProperties['height'] + var win_height = window.innerHeight; + //console.info(top, height, win_height) + + var scroll_to = 0; + if (height >= win_height || height == 0) { + scroll_to = top; + } else { + scroll_to = top - (win_height-height)/3.; + } + //console.info(top, height, win_height, scroll_to) + + $('html, body').animate({ + scrollTop: scroll_to //+ 'px' + }, 'fast'); + +} + + +function minipres() { + /* Enable the minipres mode: + - call the hide() function + - set up the scrolling listener + */ + document.addEventListener('keydown', function (event) { + switch(event.which) { + case 37: // left + switch_slide(-1); + event.preventDefault(); + return false; + break; + //case 38: // up + case 39: // right + switch_slide(+1); + event.preventDefault(); + return false; + break; + //case 40: // down + default: + return; // exit this handler for other keys + } + }, true) + + hide() + + // Increase space between sections + //$("div .section").css('margin-bottom', '50%'); 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+} + +/* Math align to the left */ +.cell_output .MathJax_Display { + text-align: left !important; +} + +/* Pandas tables. Pulled from the Jupyter / nbsphinx CSS */ +div.cell_output table { + border: none; + border-collapse: collapse; + border-spacing: 0; + color: black; + font-size: 1em; + table-layout: fixed; +} + +div.cell_output thead { + border-bottom: 1px solid black; + vertical-align: bottom; +} + +div.cell_output tr, +div.cell_output th, +div.cell_output td { + text-align: right; + vertical-align: middle; + padding: 0.5em 0.5em; + line-height: normal; + white-space: normal; + max-width: none; + border: none; +} + +div.cell_output th { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:nth-child(odd) { + background: #f5f5f5; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:hover { + background: rgba(66, 165, 245, 0.2); +} + +/** source code line numbers **/ +span.linenos { + opacity: 0.5; +} + +/* Inline text from `paste` operation */ + +span.pasted-text { + font-weight: bold; +} + +span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: 2em; +} + +tbody span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: none; +} + +/* Font colors for 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background-color: #E75C58 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGGreen] { + background-color: #00A250 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGYellow] { + background-color: #DDB62B +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGBlue] { + background-color: #208FFB +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGMagenta] { + background-color: #D160C4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGCyan] { + background-color: #60C6C8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGWhite] { + background-color: #C5C1B4 +} + +/* Font colors for 8-bit ANSI */ + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C0] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC0] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C1] { + color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC1] { + background-color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C2] { + color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC2] { + background-color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C3] { + color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC3] { + background-color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C4] { + color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC4] { + background-color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C5] { + color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC5] { + background-color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C6] { + color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC6] { + background-color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C7] { + color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC7] { + background-color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C8] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC8] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C9] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC9] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C10] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC10] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C11] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC11] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C12] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC12] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C13] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC13] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C14] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC14] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C15] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC15] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C16] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC16] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C17] { + color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC17] { + background-color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C18] { + color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC18] { + background-color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C19] { + color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC19] { + background-color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C20] { + color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC20] { + background-color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C21] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC21] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C22] { + color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC22] { + background-color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C23] { + color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC23] { + background-color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C24] { + color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC24] { + background-color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C25] { + color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC25] { + background-color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C26] { + color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC26] { + background-color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C27] { + color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC27] { + background-color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C28] { + color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC28] { + background-color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C29] { + color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC29] { + background-color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C30] { + color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC30] { + background-color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C31] { + color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC31] { + background-color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C32] { + color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC32] { + background-color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C33] { + color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC33] { + background-color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C34] { + color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC34] { + background-color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C35] { + color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC35] { + background-color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C36] { + color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC36] { + background-color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C37] { + color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC37] { + background-color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C38] { + color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC38] { + background-color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C39] { + color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC39] { + background-color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C40] { + color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC40] { + background-color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C41] { + color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC41] { + background-color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C42] { + color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC42] { + background-color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C43] { + color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC43] { + background-color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C44] { + color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC44] { + background-color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C45] { + color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC45] { + background-color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C46] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC46] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C47] { + color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC47] { + background-color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C48] { + color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC48] { + background-color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C49] { + color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC49] { + background-color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C50] { + color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC50] { + background-color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C51] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC51] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C52] { + color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC52] { + background-color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C53] { + color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC53] { + background-color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C54] { + color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC54] { + background-color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C55] { + color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC55] { + background-color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C56] { + color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC56] { + background-color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C57] { + color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC57] { + background-color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C58] { + color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC58] { + background-color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C59] { + color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC59] { + background-color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C60] { + color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC60] { + background-color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C61] { + color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC61] { + background-color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C62] { + color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC62] { + background-color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C63] { + color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC63] { + background-color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C64] { + color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC64] { + background-color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C65] { + color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC65] { + background-color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C66] { + color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC66] { + background-color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C67] { + color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC67] { + background-color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C68] { + color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC68] { + background-color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C69] { + color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC69] { + background-color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C70] { + color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC70] { + background-color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C71] { + color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC71] { + background-color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C72] { + color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC72] { + background-color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C73] { + color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC73] { + background-color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C74] { + color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC74] { + background-color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C75] { + color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC75] { + background-color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C76] { + color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC76] { + background-color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C77] { + color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC77] { + background-color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C78] { + color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC78] { + background-color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C79] { + color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC79] { + background-color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C80] { + color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC80] { + background-color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C81] { + color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC81] { + background-color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C82] { + color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC82] { + background-color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C83] { + color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC83] { + background-color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C84] { + color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC84] { + background-color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C85] { + color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC85] { + background-color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C86] { + color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC86] { + background-color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C87] { + color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC87] { + background-color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C88] { + color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC88] { + background-color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C89] { + color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC89] { + background-color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C90] { + color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC90] { + background-color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C91] { + color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC91] { + background-color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C92] { + color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC92] { + background-color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C93] { + color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC93] { + background-color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C94] { + color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC94] { + background-color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C95] { + color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC95] { + background-color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C96] { + color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC96] { + background-color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C97] { + color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC97] { + background-color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C98] { + color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC98] { + background-color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C99] { + color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC99] { + background-color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C100] { + color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC100] { + background-color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C101] { + color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC101] { + background-color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C102] { + color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC102] { + background-color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C103] { + color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC103] { + background-color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C104] { + color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC104] { + background-color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C105] { + color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC105] { + background-color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C106] { + color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC106] { + background-color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C107] { + color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC107] { + background-color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C108] { + color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC108] { + background-color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C109] { + color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC109] { + background-color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C110] { + color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC110] { + background-color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C111] { + color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC111] { + background-color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C112] { + color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC112] { + background-color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C113] { + color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC113] { + background-color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C114] { + color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC114] { + background-color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C115] { + color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC115] { + background-color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C116] { + color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC116] { + background-color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C117] { + color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC117] { + background-color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C118] { + color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC118] { + background-color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C119] { + color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC119] { + background-color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C120] { + color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC120] { + background-color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C121] { + color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC121] { + background-color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C122] { + color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC122] { + background-color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C123] { + color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC123] { + background-color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C124] { + color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC124] { + background-color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C125] { + color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC125] { + background-color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C126] { + color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC126] { + background-color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C127] { + color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC127] { + background-color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C128] { + color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC128] { + background-color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C129] { + color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC129] { + background-color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C130] { + color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC130] { + background-color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C131] { + color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC131] { + background-color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C132] { + color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC132] { + background-color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C133] { + color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC133] { + background-color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C134] { + color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC134] { + background-color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C135] { + color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC135] { + background-color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C136] { + color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC136] { + background-color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C137] { + color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC137] { + background-color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C138] { + color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC138] { + background-color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C139] { + color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC139] { + background-color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C140] { + color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC140] { + background-color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C141] { + color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC141] { + background-color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C142] { + color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC142] { + background-color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C143] { + color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC143] { + background-color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C144] { + color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC144] { + background-color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C145] { + color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC145] { + background-color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C146] { + color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC146] { + background-color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C147] { + color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC147] { + background-color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C148] { + color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC148] { + background-color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C149] { + color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC149] { + background-color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C150] { + color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC150] { + background-color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C151] { + color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC151] { + background-color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C152] { + color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC152] { + background-color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C153] { + color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC153] { + background-color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C154] { + color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC154] { + background-color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C155] { + color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC155] { + background-color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C156] { + color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC156] { + background-color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C157] { + color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC157] { + background-color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C158] { + color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC158] { + background-color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C159] { + color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC159] { + background-color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C160] { + color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC160] { + background-color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C161] { + color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC161] { + background-color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C162] { + color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC162] { + background-color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C163] { + color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC163] { + background-color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C164] { + color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC164] { + background-color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C165] { + color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC165] { + background-color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C166] { + color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC166] { + background-color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C167] { + color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC167] { + background-color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C168] { + color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC168] { + background-color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C169] { + color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC169] { + background-color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C170] { + color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC170] { + background-color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C171] { + color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC171] { + background-color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C172] { + color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC172] { + background-color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C173] { + color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC173] { + background-color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C174] { + color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC174] { + background-color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C175] { + color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC175] { + background-color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C176] { + color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC176] { + background-color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C177] { + color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC177] { + background-color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C178] { + color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC178] { + background-color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C179] { + color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC179] { + background-color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C180] { + color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC180] { + background-color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C181] { + color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC181] { + background-color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C182] { + color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC182] { + background-color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C183] { + color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC183] { + background-color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C184] { + color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC184] { + background-color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C185] { + color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC185] { + background-color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C186] { + color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC186] { + background-color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C187] { + color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC187] { + background-color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C188] { + color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC188] { + background-color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C189] { + color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC189] { + background-color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C190] { + color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC190] { + background-color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C191] { + color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC191] { + background-color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C192] { + color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC192] { + background-color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C193] { + color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC193] { + background-color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C194] { + color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC194] { + background-color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C195] { + color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC195] { + background-color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C196] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC196] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C197] { + color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC197] { + background-color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C198] { + color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC198] { + background-color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C199] { + color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC199] { + background-color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C200] { + color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC200] { + background-color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C201] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC201] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C202] { + color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC202] { + background-color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C203] { + color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC203] { + background-color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C204] { + color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC204] { + background-color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C205] { + color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC205] { + background-color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C206] { + color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC206] { + background-color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C207] { + color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC207] { + background-color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C208] { + color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC208] { + background-color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C209] { + color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC209] { + background-color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C210] { + color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC210] { + background-color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C211] { + color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC211] { + background-color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C212] { + color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC212] { + background-color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C213] { + color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC213] { + background-color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C214] { + color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC214] { + background-color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C215] { + color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC215] { + background-color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C216] { + color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC216] { + background-color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C217] { + color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC217] { + background-color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C218] { + color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC218] { + background-color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C219] { + color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC219] { + background-color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C220] { + color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC220] { + background-color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C221] { + color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC221] { + background-color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C222] { + color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC222] { + background-color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C223] { + color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC223] { + background-color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C224] { + color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC224] { + background-color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C225] { + color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC225] { + background-color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C226] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC226] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C227] { + color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC227] { + background-color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C228] { + color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC228] { + background-color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C229] { + color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC229] { + background-color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C230] { + color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC230] { + background-color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C231] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC231] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C232] { + color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC232] { + background-color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C233] { + color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC233] { + background-color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C234] { + color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC234] { + background-color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C235] { + color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC235] { + background-color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C236] { + color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC236] { + background-color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C237] { + color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC237] { + background-color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C238] { + color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC238] { + background-color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C239] { + color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC239] { + background-color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C240] { + color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC240] { + background-color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C241] { + color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC241] { + background-color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C242] { + color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC242] { + background-color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C243] { + color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC243] { + background-color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C244] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC244] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C245] { + color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC245] { + background-color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C246] { + color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC246] { + background-color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C247] { + color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC247] { + background-color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C248] { + color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC248] { + background-color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C249] { + color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC249] { + background-color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C250] { + color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC250] { + background-color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C251] { + color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC251] { + background-color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C252] { + color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC252] { + background-color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C253] { + color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC253] { + background-color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C254] { + color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC254] { + background-color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C255] { + color: #EEEEEE +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC255] { + background-color: #EEEEEE +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/plus.png b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/plus.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7107cec Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/plus.png differ diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/pygments.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/pygments.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84ab303 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/pygments.css @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +pre { line-height: 125%; } +td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; } +.highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc } +.highlight { background: #f8f8f8; } +.highlight .c { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment */ +.highlight .err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */ +.highlight .k { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */ +.highlight .o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */ +.highlight .ch { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */ +.highlight .cm { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */ +.highlight .cp { color: #9C6500 } /* Comment.Preproc */ +.highlight .cpf { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */ +.highlight .c1 { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */ +.highlight .cs { color: #3D7B7B; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */ +.highlight .gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */ +.highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */ +.highlight .ges { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */ 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+.highlight .s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */ +.highlight .ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */ +.highlight .bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */ +.highlight .fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */ +.highlight .vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */ +.highlight .vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */ +.highlight .vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */ +.highlight .vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */ +.highlight .il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/searchtools.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/searchtools.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7918c3f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/searchtools.js @@ -0,0 +1,574 @@ +/* + * searchtools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for the full-text search. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ +"use strict"; + +/** + * Simple result scoring code. + */ +if (typeof Scorer === "undefined") { + var Scorer = { + // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result + // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + // and returns the new score. + /* + score: result => { + const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result + return score + }, + */ + + // query matches the full name of an object + objNameMatch: 11, + // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name + objPartialMatch: 6, + // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object + objPrio: { + 0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults + }, + // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. + objPrioDefault: 0, + + // query found in title + title: 15, + partialTitle: 7, + // query found in terms + term: 5, + partialTerm: 2, + }; +} + +const _removeChildren = (element) => { + while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild); +}; + +/** + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping + */ +const _escapeRegExp = (string) => + string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string + +const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => { + const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER; + const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; + const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; + const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY; + const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root; + + const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item; + + let listItem = document.createElement("li"); + let requestUrl; + let linkUrl; + if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") { + // dirhtml builder + let dirname = docName + "/"; + if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) + dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6); + else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = ""; + requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname; + linkUrl = requestUrl; + } else { + // normal html builders + requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix; + linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix; + } + let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a")); + linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor; + linkEl.dataset.score = score; + linkEl.innerHTML = title; + if (descr) { + listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML = + " (" + descr + ")"; + // highlight search terms in the description + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + } + else if (showSearchSummary) + fetch(requestUrl) + .then((responseData) => responseData.text()) + .then((data) => { + if (data) + listItem.appendChild( + Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms) + ); + // highlight search terms in the summary + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + }); + Search.output.appendChild(listItem); +}; +const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => { + Search.stopPulse(); + Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results"); + if (!resultCount) + Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext( + "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories." + ); + else + Search.status.innerText = _( + `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.` + ); +}; +const _displayNextItem = ( + results, + resultCount, + searchTerms, + highlightTerms, +) => { + // results left, load the summary and display it + // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount) + if (results.length) { + _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms); + setTimeout( + () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms), + 5 + ); + } + // search finished, update title and status message + else _finishSearch(resultCount); +}; + +/** + * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a + * custom function per language. + * + * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters + * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters. + * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area. + */ +if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") { + var splitQuery = (query) => query + .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu) + .filter(term => term) // remove remaining empty strings +} + +/** + * Search Module + */ +const Search = { + _index: null, + _queued_query: null, + _pulse_status: -1, + + htmlToText: (htmlString) => { + const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html'); + htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink").forEach((el) => { el.remove() }); + const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]'); + if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent; + console.warn( + "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template." + ); + return ""; + }, + + init: () => { + const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q"); + document + .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]') + .forEach((el) => (el.value = query)); + if (query) Search.performSearch(query); + }, + + loadIndex: (url) => + (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url), + + setIndex: (index) => { + Search._index = index; + if (Search._queued_query !== null) { + const query = Search._queued_query; + Search._queued_query = null; + Search.query(query); + } + }, + + hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null, + + deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query), + + stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1), + + startPulse: () => { + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return; + + const pulse = () => { + Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; + Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status); + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + }; + pulse(); + }, + + /** + * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) + */ + performSearch: (query) => { + // create the required interface elements + const searchText = document.createElement("h2"); + searchText.textContent = _("Searching"); + const searchSummary = document.createElement("p"); + searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary"); + searchSummary.innerText = ""; + const searchList = document.createElement("ul"); + searchList.classList.add("search"); + + const out = document.getElementById("search-results"); + Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText); + Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span")); + Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary); + Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList); + + const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress"); + // Some themes don't use the search progress node + if (searchProgress) { + searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search..."); + } + Search.startPulse(); + + // index already loaded, the browser was quick! + if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query); + else Search.deferQuery(query); + }, + + /** + * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) + */ + query: (query) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles; + const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries; + + // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list + const stemmer = new Stemmer(); + const searchTerms = new Set(); + const excludedTerms = new Set(); + const highlightTerms = new Set(); + const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim())); + splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => { + const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase(); + + // maybe skip this "word" + // stopwords array is from language_data.js + if ( + stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 || + queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/) + ) + return; + + // stem the word + let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower); + // select the correct list + if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1)); + else { + searchTerms.add(word); + highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower); + } + }); + + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) { // set in sphinx_highlight.js + localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" ")) + } + + // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:"); + // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]); + // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]); + + // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + let results = []; + _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress")); + + const queryLower = query.toLowerCase(); + for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) { + if (title.toLowerCase().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title, + id !== null ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // search for explicit entries in index directives + for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) { + if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundEntries) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + id ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // lookup as object + objectTerms.forEach((term) => + results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms)) + ); + + // lookup as search terms in fulltext + results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms)); + + // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function + if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item))); + + // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the + // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then + // alphabetically + results.sort((a, b) => { + const leftScore = a[4]; + const rightScore = b[4]; + if (leftScore === rightScore) { + // same score: sort alphabetically + const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase(); + const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase(); + if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0; + return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional + } + return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1; + }); + + // remove duplicate search results + // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept + let seen = new Set(); + results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => { + let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(','); + if (!seen.has(resultStr)) { + acc.push(result); + seen.add(resultStr); + } + return acc; + }, []); + + results = results.reverse(); + + // for debugging + //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy + // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults); + + // print the results + _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms); + }, + + /** + * search for object names + */ + performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const objects = Search._index.objects; + const objNames = Search._index.objnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const results = []; + + const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => { + const name = match[4] + const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name; + const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase(); + if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return; + + let score = 0; + const parts = fullnameLower.split("."); + + // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or + // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) + if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object) + score += Scorer.objNameMatch; + else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1) + score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name + + const objName = objNames[match[1]][2]; + const title = titles[match[0]]; + + // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be + // found in the name/title/description + const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms); + otherTerms.delete(object); + if (otherTerms.size > 0) { + const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase(); + if ( + [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0) + ) + return; + } + + let anchor = match[3]; + if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname; + else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname; + + const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title; + + // add custom score for some objects according to scorer + if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) + score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; + else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; + + results.push([ + docNames[match[0]], + fullname, + "#" + anchor, + descr, + score, + filenames[match[0]], + ]); + }; + Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) => + objects[prefix].forEach((array) => + objectSearchCallback(prefix, array) + ) + ); + return results; + }, + + /** + * search for full-text terms in the index + */ + performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => { + // prepare search + const terms = Search._index.terms; + const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms; + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const scoreMap = new Map(); + const fileMap = new Map(); + + // perform the search on the required terms + searchTerms.forEach((word) => { + const files = []; + const arr = [ + { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term }, + { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title }, + ]; + // add support for partial matches + if (word.length > 2) { + const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word); + Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word]) + arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm }); + }); + Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word]) + arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle }); + }); + } + + // no match but word was a required one + if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return; + + // found search word in contents + arr.forEach((record) => { + if (record.files === undefined) return; + + let recordFiles = record.files; + if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles]; + files.push(...recordFiles); + + // set score for the word in each file + recordFiles.forEach((file) => { + if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {}); + scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score; + }); + }); + + // create the mapping + files.forEach((file) => { + if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) + fileMap.get(file).push(word); + else fileMap.set(file, [word]); + }); + }); + + // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms + const results = []; + for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) { + // check if all requirements are matched + + // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded + const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter( + (term) => term.length > 2 + ).length; + if ( + wordList.length !== searchTerms.size && + wordList.length !== filteredTermCount + ) + continue; + + // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result + if ( + [...excludedTerms].some( + (term) => + terms[term] === file || + titleTerms[term] === file || + (terms[term] || []).includes(file) || + (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file) + ) + ) + break; + + // select one (max) score for the file. + const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w])); + // add result to the result list + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + return results; + }, + + /** + * helper function to return a node containing the + * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list + * of stemmed words. + */ + makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords) => { + const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); + if (text === "") return null; + + const textLower = text.toLowerCase(); + const actualStartPosition = [...keywords] + .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase())) + .filter((i) => i > -1) + .slice(-1)[0]; + const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0); + + const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "..."; + const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : ""; + + let summary = document.createElement("p"); + summary.classList.add("context"); + summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail; + + return summary; + }, +}; + +_ready(Search.init); diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a96c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */ +"use strict"; + +const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true + +/** + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; + + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } + + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( + rest, + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this + * function recursively on the remaining fragment. + */ + _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); + } + } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); + } +}; +const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const SphinxHighlight = { + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords: () => { + if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return; // bail if no highlight + + // get and clear terms from localstorage + const url = new URL(window.location); + const highlight = + localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + || url.searchParams.get("highlight") + || ""; + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); + + // get individual terms from highlight string + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do + + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '" + ) + ); + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + }, + + initEscapeListener: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) { + SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +_ready(() => { + /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page. + * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query. + */ + if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords(); + SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener(); +}); diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14b20c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +/* sphinx_lesson.css */ + +body.wy-body-for-nav img.with-border { + border: 2px solid; +} + +.rst-content .admonition-no-content { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} + +.rst-content .demo > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F440"; /* Eyes */ } +.rst-content .type-along > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02328\0FE0F"; /* Keyboard */ } +.rst-content .exercise > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\0270D\0FE0F"; /* Hand */ } +.rst-content .solution > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02714\0FE0E"; /* Check mark */ } +.rst-content .homework > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4DD"; /* Memo */ } +.rst-content .discussion > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4AC"; /* Speech balloon */ } +.rst-content .questions > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02753\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } +.rst-content .prerequisites > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02699"; /* Gear */ } +.rst-content .seealso > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\027A1\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } + + +/* instructor-note */ +.rst-content .instructor-note { + background: #e7e7e7; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title { + background: #6a6a6a; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title::before { + content: ""; +} + + +/* sphinx_toggle_button, make the font white */ +.rst-content .toggle.admonition button.toggle-button { + color: white; +} + +/* sphinx-togglebutton, remove underflow when toggled to hidden mode */ +.rst-content .admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e68feb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/* The following are for web accessibility of sphinx_rtd_theme: they + * solve some of the most frequent contrast issues. Remove when this + * solved: + * https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/971 + */ +/* background: #fcfcfc, note boxes #E7F2FA */ +a { color: #2573A7; } /* original #2980B9, #1F5C84; */ +body { color: #242424; } /* original #404040, #383838 */ +.wy-side-nav-search>a, .wy-side-nav-search .wy-dropdown>a { + color: #ffffff; +} /* original #fcfcfc */ +footer { color: #737373; } /* original gray=#808080*/ +footer span.commit code, footer span.commit .rst-content tt, .rst-content footer span.commit tt { + color: #737373; +} /* original gray=#808080*/ +.rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content code.literal { + color: #AB2314; +} +/* Sidebar background */ +.wy-side-nav-search { background-color: #277CB4;} + +/* Same, but for pygments */ +.highlight .ch { color: #3E7A89; } /* #! line */ +.highlight .c1 { color: #3E7A89; } /* also comments */ +.highlight .nv { color: #AD3ECC; } /* variable */ +.highlight .gp { color: #B45608; } /* prompt character, $*/ +.highlight .si { color: #3975B1; } /* ${} variable text */ +.highlight .nc { color: #0C78A7; } + +/* Sphinx admonitions */ +/* warning */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #B15E16; } +/* important */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-success .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .important .admonition-title, .rst-content .tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #12826C; } +/* seealso, note, etc */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-info .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .admonition-title, .rst-content .note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } +/* error, danger */ +.rst-content .danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .error .admonition-title, .rst-content .error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .rst-content .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .wy-alert-title { + background: #e31704; +} + +/* Generic admonition titles */ +.wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..957ba60 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.sphinx-tabs { + margin-bottom: 1rem; +} + +[role="tablist"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid #a0b3bf; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab { + position: relative; + font-family: Lato,'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + color: #1D5C87; + line-height: 24px; + margin: 0; + font-size: 16px; + font-weight: 400; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); + border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0; + border: 0; + padding: 1rem 1.5rem; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + font-weight: 700; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + border-bottom: 1px solid white; + margin: -1px; + background-color: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab:focus { + z-index: 1; + outline-offset: 1px; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel { + position: relative; + padding: 1rem; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + margin: 0px -1px -1px -1px; + border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; + border-top: 0; + background: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel.code-tab { + padding: 0.4rem; +} + +.sphinx-tab img { + margin-bottom: 24 px; +} + +/* Dark theme preference styling */ + +@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } +} + +/* Explicit dark theme styling */ + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48dc303 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +try { + var session = window.sessionStorage || {}; +} catch (e) { + var session = {}; +} + +window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { + const allTabs = document.querySelectorAll('.sphinx-tabs-tab'); + const tabLists = document.querySelectorAll('[role="tablist"]'); + + allTabs.forEach(tab => { + tab.addEventListener("click", changeTabs); + }); + + tabLists.forEach(tabList => { + tabList.addEventListener("keydown", keyTabs); + }); + + // Restore group tab selection from session + const lastSelected = session.getItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected'); + if (lastSelected != null) selectNamedTabs(lastSelected); +}); + +/** + * Key focus left and right between sibling elements using arrows + * @param {Node} e the element in focus when key was pressed + */ +function keyTabs(e) { + const tab = e.target; + let nextTab = null; + if (e.keyCode === 39 || e.keyCode === 37) { + tab.setAttribute("tabindex", -1); + // Move right + if (e.keyCode === 39) { + nextTab = tab.nextElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.firstElementChild; + } + // Move left + } else if (e.keyCode === 37) { + nextTab = tab.previousElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.lastElementChild; + } + } + } + + if (nextTab !== null) { + nextTab.setAttribute("tabindex", 0); + nextTab.focus(); + } +} + +/** + * Select or deselect clicked tab. If a group tab + * is selected, also select tab in other tabLists. + * @param {Node} e the element that was clicked + */ +function changeTabs(e) { + // Use this instead of the element that was clicked, in case it's a child + const notSelected = this.getAttribute("aria-selected") === "false"; + const positionBefore = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const notClosable = !this.parentNode.classList.contains("closeable"); + + deselectTabList(this); + + if (notSelected || notClosable) { + selectTab(this); + const name = this.getAttribute("name"); + selectNamedTabs(name, this.id); + + if (this.classList.contains("group-tab")) { + // Persist during session + session.setItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected', name); + } + } + + const positionAfter = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const positionDelta = positionAfter - positionBefore; + // Scroll to offset content resizing + window.scrollTo(0, window.scrollY + positionDelta); +} + +/** + * Select tab and show associated panel. + * @param {Node} tab tab to select + */ +function selectTab(tab) { + tab.setAttribute("aria-selected", true); + + // Show the associated panel + document + .getElementById(tab.getAttribute("aria-controls")) + .removeAttribute("hidden"); +} + +/** + * Hide the panels associated with all tabs within the + * tablist containing this tab. + * @param {Node} tab a tab within the tablist to deselect + */ +function deselectTabList(tab) { + const parent = tab.parentNode; + const grandparent = parent.parentNode; + + Array.from(parent.children) + .forEach(t => t.setAttribute("aria-selected", false)); + + Array.from(grandparent.children) + .slice(1) // Skip tablist + .forEach(panel => panel.setAttribute("hidden", true)); +} + +/** + * Select grouped tabs with the same name, but no the tab + * with the given id. + * @param {Node} name name of grouped tab to be selected + * @param {Node} clickedId id of clicked tab + */ +function selectNamedTabs(name, clickedId=null) { + const groupedTabs = document.querySelectorAll(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + const tabLists = Array.from(groupedTabs).map(tab => tab.parentNode); + + tabLists + .forEach(tabList => { + // Don't want to change the tabList containing the clicked tab + const clickedTab = tabList.querySelector(`[id="${clickedId}"]`); + if (clickedTab === null ) { + // Select first tab with matching name + const tab = tabList.querySelector(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + deselectTabList(tab); + selectTab(tab); + } + }) +} + +if (typeof exports === 'undefined') { + exports = {}; +} + +exports.keyTabs = keyTabs; +exports.changeTabs = changeTabs; +exports.selectTab = selectTab; +exports.deselectTabList = deselectTabList; +exports.selectNamedTabs = selectNamedTabs; diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b66095 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +/* Make terms bold */ +a.reference span.std-term { + font-weight: bold; +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54a6787 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +/** + * Admonition-based toggles + */ + +/* Visibility of the target */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title ~ * { + transition: opacity .3s, height .3s; +} + +/* Toggle buttons inside admonitions so we see the title */ +.admonition.toggle { + position: relative; +} + +/* Titles should cut off earlier to avoid overlapping w/ button */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title { + padding-right: 25%; + cursor: pointer; +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:hover { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 1%); +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:active { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 3%); +} + +/* Remove extra whitespace below the admonition title when hidden */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0; +} + +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +/* hides all the content of a page until de-toggled */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title ~ * { + height: 0; + margin: 0; + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* General button style and position*/ +button.toggle-button { + /** + * Background and shape. By default there's no background + * but users can style as they wish + */ + background: none; + border: none; + outline: none; + + /* Positioning just inside the admonition title */ + position: absolute; + right: 0.5em; + padding: 0px; + border: none; + outline: none; +} + +/* Display the toggle hint on wide screens */ +@media (min-width: 768px) { + button.toggle-button.toggle-button-hidden:before { + content: attr(data-toggle-hint); /* This will be filled in by JS */ + font-size: .8em; + align-self: center; + } +} + +/* Icon behavior */ +.tb-icon { + transition: transform .2s ease-out; + height: 1.5em; + width: 1.5em; + stroke: currentColor; /* So that we inherit the color of other text */ +} + +/* The icon should point right when closed, down when open. */ +/* Open */ +.admonition.toggle button .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +/* Closed */ +.admonition.toggle button.toggle-button-hidden .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(0deg); +} + +/* With details toggles, we don't rotate the icon so it points right */ +details.toggle-details .tb-icon { + height: 1.4em; + width: 1.4em; + margin-top: 0.1em; /* To center the button vertically */ +} + + +/** + * Details-based toggles. + * In this case, we wrap elements with `.toggle` in a details block. + */ + +/* Details blocks */ +details.toggle-details { + margin: 1em 0; +} + + +details.toggle-details summary { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + cursor: pointer; + list-style: none; + border-radius: .2em; + border-left: 3px solid #1976d2; + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 10%); + padding: 0.2em 0.7em 0.3em 0.5em; /* Less padding on left because the SVG has left margin */ + font-size: 0.9em; +} + +details.toggle-details summary:hover { + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 20%); +} + +details.toggle-details summary:active { + background: rgb(204 204 204 / 28%); +} + +.toggle-details__summary-text { + margin-left: 0.2em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary { + margin-bottom: .5em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary ~ * { + animation: toggle-fade-in .3s ease-out; +} + +@keyframes toggle-fade-in { + from {opacity: 0%;} + to {opacity: 100%;} +} + +/* Print rules - we hide all toggle button elements at print */ +@media print { + /* Always hide the summary so the button doesn't show up */ + details.toggle-details summary { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215a7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +/** + * Add Toggle Buttons to elements + */ + +let toggleChevron = ` + + + +`; + +var initToggleItems = () => { + var itemsToToggle = document.querySelectorAll(togglebuttonSelector); + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Adding toggle buttons to ${itemsToToggle.length} items`) + // Add the button to each admonition and hook up a callback to toggle visibility + itemsToToggle.forEach((item, index) => { + if (item.classList.contains("admonition")) { + // If it's an admonition block, then we'll add a button inside + // Generate unique IDs for this item + var toggleID = `toggle-${index}`; + var buttonID = `button-${toggleID}`; + + item.setAttribute('id', toggleID); + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle")){ + item.classList.add("toggle"); + } + // This is the button that will be added to each item to trigger the toggle + var collapseButton = ` + `; + + title = item.querySelector(".admonition-title") + title.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend", collapseButton); + thisButton = document.getElementById(buttonID); + + // Add click handlers for the button + admonition title (if admonition) + admonitionTitle = document.querySelector(`#${toggleID} > .admonition-title`) + if (admonitionTitle) { + // If an admonition, then make the whole title block clickable + admonitionTitle.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + admonitionTitle.dataset.target = toggleID + admonitionTitle.dataset.button = buttonID + } else { + // If not an admonition then we'll listen for the button click + thisButton.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + } + + // Now hide the item for this toggle button unless explicitly noted to show + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + toggleHidden(thisButton); + } + } else { + // If not an admonition, wrap the block in a
block + // Define the structure of the details block and insert it as a sibling + var detailsBlock = ` +
+ + ${toggleChevron} + ${toggleHintShow} + +
`; + item.insertAdjacentHTML("beforebegin", detailsBlock); + + // Now move the toggle-able content inside of the details block + details = item.previousElementSibling + details.appendChild(item) + item.classList.add("toggle-details__container") + + // Set up a click trigger to change the text as needed + details.addEventListener('click', (click) => { + let parent = click.target.parentElement; + if (parent.tagName.toLowerCase() == "details") { + summary = parent.querySelector("summary"); + details = parent; + } else { + summary = parent; + details = parent.parentElement; + } + // Update the inner text for the proper hint + if (details.open) { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintShow; + } else { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintHide; + } + + }); + + // If we have a toggle-shown class, open details block should be open + if (item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + details.click(); + } + } + }) +}; + +// This should simply add / remove the collapsed class and change the button text +var toggleHidden = (button) => { + target = button.dataset['target'] + var itemToToggle = document.getElementById(target); + if (itemToToggle.classList.contains("toggle-hidden")) { + itemToToggle.classList.remove("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.remove("toggle-button-hidden"); + } else { + itemToToggle.classList.add("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.add("toggle-button-hidden"); + } +} + +var toggleClickHandler = (click) => { + // Be cause the admonition title is clickable and extends to the whole admonition + // We only look for a click event on this title to trigger the toggle. + + if (click.target.classList.contains("admonition-title")) { + button = click.target.querySelector(".toggle-button"); + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("tb-icon")) { + // We've clicked the icon and need to search up one parent for the button + button = click.target.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.tagName == "polyline") { + // We've clicked the SVG elements inside the button, need to up 2 layers + button = click.target.parentElement.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("toggle-button")) { + // We've clicked the button itself and so don't need to do anything + button = click.target; + } else { + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Couldn't find button for ${click.target}`) + } + target = document.getElementById(button.dataset['button']); + toggleHidden(target); +} + +// If we want to blanket-add toggle classes to certain cells +var addToggleToSelector = () => { + const selector = ""; + if (selector.length > 0) { + document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((item) => { + item.classList.add("toggle"); + }) + } +} + +// Helper function to run when the DOM is finished +const sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(addToggleToSelector) +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(initToggleItems) + +/** Toggle details blocks to be open when printing */ +if (toggleOpenOnPrint == "true") { + window.addEventListener("beforeprint", () => { + // Open the details + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.dataset["togglestatus"] = el.open; + el.open = true; + }); + + // Open the admonitions + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle.toggle-hidden").forEach((el) => { + console.log(el); + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] = "true"; + }); + }); + window.addEventListener("afterprint", () => { + // Re-close the details that were closed + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.open = el.dataset["togglestatus"] == "true"; + delete el.dataset["togglestatus"]; + }); + + // Re-close the admonition toggle buttons + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle").forEach((el) => { + if (el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] == "true") { + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + delete el.dataset["toggle_after_print"]; + } + }); + }); +} diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/index.html b/branch/main/singlehtml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fea81bf --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/singlehtml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,3561 @@ + + + + + + + Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code

+

Have you ever had some of these problems?:

+
    +
  • You change B and C, and suddenly A doesn’t work anymore. Time +wasted trying to figure out what changed.

  • +
  • There was some simple problem, systematically testing could have +found it.

  • +
  • You get someone else’s code and are afraid to touch it because who +knows what might break. Plot twist: it’s your own code!

  • +
+

People have learned that some automatic way to check problems makes +software development much easier. This lesson will talk about the +places it’s useful for research code, and how easy it can be. +We will discuss why testing often needs to be part of the +software development cycle and how such a cycle can be implemented. We will +see how automated testing works and practice designing and writing tests.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +
  1. You need pytest (as part of Anaconda or Miniconda or Virtual Environment).

  2. +
  3. (Optional) To work on exercises in other languages than Python, +please follow the instructions under “Language-specific +instructions” in the Test design episode +to install the recommended testing frameworks.

  4. +
  5. Basic understanding of Git.

  6. +
  7. You need a GitHub or a Gitlab account for the “automated testing” and +“full-cycle collaborative workflow” (but the rest works fine +just locally).

  8. +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

15 min

Motivation

25 min

Testing locally

30 min

Automated testing

30 min

Test design

5 min

Conclusions and recommendations

+
+
+

Motivation

+
+

Objectives

+
    +
  • Appreciate the importance of testing software

  • +
  • Understand various benefits of testing

  • +
+
+
+

Untested software can be compared to uncalibrated detectors

+

“Before relying on a new experimental device, an experimental scientist always +establishes its accuracy. A new detector is calibrated when the scientist +observes its responses to known input signals. The results of this +calibration are compared against the expected response.”

+
+
+

With testing, simulations and analysis using software can be held to the same standards as experimental measurement devices!

+

What can go wrong when research software has bugs? Look no further:

+ +
+
+
+

Testing in a nutshell

+

In software tests, expected results are compared with observed results +in order to establish accuracy. Why are we not comparing directly all +digits with the expected result?:

+
+
def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f):
+    """Converts temperature in Fahrenheit
+    to Celsius.
+    """
+    temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0)
+    return temp_c
+
+# This is the test function: `assert` raises an error if something
+# is wrong.
+def test_fahrenheit_to_celsius():
+    temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f=100.0)
+    expected_result = 37.777777
+    assert abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6
+    
+
+
+
+

Or you can test whole programs:

+
$ python3 run-test.py
+
+running: sample_data/set1.csv --output=tests/set1.txt
+CORRECT
+
+
+
+
+
+

What can tests help you do?

+

Preserving expected functionality

+
    +
  • Check old things when you add new ones

  • +
+

Help users of your code

+
    +
  • Verify it’s installed correctly and works.

  • +
  • See examples of what it should do.

  • +
+

Help other developers modify it

+
    +
  • Change things with confidence that nothing is breaking.

  • +
  • Warning if documentation/examples go out of date.

  • +
+

Manage complexity

+
    +
  • If code is easy to test, it’s probably easier to maintain.

  • +
  • The next lesson Modular code development +demonstrates this.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests?

+
+

Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests?

+

Vote in the notes and we’ll discuss soon. It is always a balance: there is no “always”/”never”.

+
    +
  1. Jupyter or R Markdown notebook which produces a plot and you know by +looking at the plot whether it worked?

  2. +
  3. A short, “obviously correct” Python or R script which you never intend to reuse?

  4. +
  5. A simple short, “obviously correct” shell script?

  6. +
  7. Can you give other examples?

  8. +
+
+
+
+
+

Discussion: What’s easy and hard to test?

+
+

Discussion: Testing in practice

+

Use the collaborative notes to answer these questions:

+
    +
  1. Give examples of things (from your work) that are easy to test.

  2. +
  3. Give examples of things (from your work) that are hard to test.

  4. +
+
+
+
+
+

Types of tests

+
    +
  • Test functions one at a time - Unit tests

  • +
  • Test how parts work together - Integration tests

  • +
  • Test the whole thing running - End-to-end tests

    +
      +
    • For example, running on sample data.

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Check same results as before - Regression tests

  • +
  • Write test first (the output), then write code to make test pass - +Test-driven development

  • +
  • GitHub or GitLab runs tests automatically - Continuous +integration

  • +
  • Report that tells you which lines were/were not run by tests - +Code coverage

  • +
  • Framework that runs test for you - Testing framework

    + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

What should you do?

+
    +
  • Not every code needs perfect test coverage.

  • +
  • If code is interactive-only (Jupyter Notebook), it’s usually hard to +test.

    +
      +
    • But also hard to run: the next lesson will discuss!

    • +
    +
  • +
  • At least end-to-end is often easy to add.

  • +
  • Add tests of tricky functions.

    +
      +
    • If you’d have to run it over and over to test while writing, why +not make it a property test?

    • +
    +
  • +
  • It’s easy to have Gitlab/Github run the tests.

    +
      +
    • It’s nice to push without thinking, and the system tells you when +it’s broke.

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Learning how to test well make the rest of your code better, too.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Where to start

+
    +
  • A simple script or notebook probably does not need an automated test.

  • +
+

If you have nothing yet

+
    +
  • Start with an end-to-end test.

  • +
  • Describe in words how you check whether the code still works.

  • +
  • Translate the words into a script.

  • +
  • Run the script automatically on every code change.

  • +
+

If you want to start with unit-testing

+
    +
  • You want to rewrite a function? Start adding a unit test right there first.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Testing locally

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How hard is it to implement a test suite using pytest?

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise pytest

+

In this exercise we will make a simple Python function and use +pytest to test it.

+
    +
  • This is easy to use by almost any Python project and doesn’t rely on any +other servers or services. Similar things exist in other languages.

  • +
  • The downside is that you have to remember to run it yourself.

  • +
+

We will try to +keep things simple so that those who do not use Python can follow.

+
+

Local-1: Create a minimal Pytest example (15 min)

+

In this exercise, we will create a minimal example using +the pytest, run the test, and show what +happens when a test breaks.

+
    +
  1. Create a new directory and change into it:

    +
    $ mkdir pytest-example
    +$ cd pytest-example
    +
    +
    +
  2. +
  3. Then create a file called example.py and copy-paste the following code into it:

    +
    def add(a, b):
    +    return a + b
    +
    +
    +def test_add():
    +    assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
    +
    +
    +

    This code contains one genuine function and a test function. +pytest finds any functions beginning with test_ and treats them +as tests.

    +
  4. +
  5. Let us try to test it with pytest:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add PASSED
    +
    +========================================================= 1 passed in 0.01 seconds ===============================
    +
    +
    +

    Yay! The test passed!

    +

    Hint for participants trying this inside Spyder or IPython: try !pytest -v example.py.

    +
  6. +
  7. Let us break the test! +Introduce a code change which breaks the code and check +whether pytest detects the change:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add FAILED
    +
    +================================================================= FAILURES =======================================
    +_________________________________________________________________ test_add _______________________________________
    +
    +    def test_add():
    +>       assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +E       assert -1 == 5
    +E         --1
    +E         +5
    +
    +example.py:6: AssertionError
    +========================================================= 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ==============
    +
    +
    +

    Notice how pytest is smart and includes context: lines that failed, +values of the relevant variables.

    +
  8. +
+
+
+

(optional) Local-2: Create a test that considers numerical tolerance (10 min)

+

Let’s see an example where the test has to be more clever in order to +avoid false negative.

+

In the above exercise we have compared integers. In this optional exercise we +want to learn how to compare floating point numbers since they are more tricky +(see also “What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic”).

+

The following test will fail and this might be surprising. Try it out:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(0.1, 0.2) == 0.3
+
+
+

Your goal: find a more robust way to test this addition.

+
+ +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • pytest collects and runs all test functions starting with +test_. If run on a directory, it collects all files matching test_*.py

  • +
  • Python and C/C++ have better tooling for automated tests than Fortran and you can use those also for Fortran projects (via iso_c_binding).

  • +
+
+
+
+
+

Automated testing

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository?

  • +
  • Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages?

  • +
+
+
+

Continuous integration

+

We will now learn to set up automatic tests using either GitHub Actions or +GitLab CI - you can choose which one to use and instructions are provided for both.

+

This exercise can be run in “collaborative mode” by following instead the instructions +in Full-cycle collaborative workflow. In the collaborative version steps +C-D below are performed by a collaborator.

+
+

Exercise CI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab

+

In this exercise, we will:

+
    +
  • A. Create and add code to a repository on GitHub/GitLab (or, alternatively, fork and clone an existing example repository)

  • +
  • B. Set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI

  • +
  • C. Find a bug in our repository and open an issue to report it

  • +
  • D. Fix the bug on a bugfix branch and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

  • +
  • E. Merge the pull/merge request and see how the issue is automatically closed.

  • +
  • F. Create a test to increase the code coverage of our tests.

  • +
+
+
+

Prerequisites

+

If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +this git-refresher material. +If you are new to pull requests / merge requests, you can learn all about them +in the Collaborative Git lesson.

+
+
+

Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab OR fork from the example repo

+
+
Create a new repository
+
    +
  • Begin by creating a repository called (for example) example-ci.

  • +
  • Before you create the repository, select “Initialize this repository +with a README” (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo).

  • +
  • Clone the repository (git clone git@github.com:<yourGitID>/example-ci.git).

  • +
  • Add the following files and code

  • +
+
+

Add a file functions.py containing:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a + b  # <--- fix this in step 7
+
+def multiply(a, b):
+    return a * b
+
+def convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit):
+    return multiply(subtract(fahrenheit, 32), 9 / 5) # <-- Fix this in step 7
+
+
+

and a file test_functions.py containing:

+

+from functions import add, subtract, multiply
+from functions import convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius as f2c
+import pytest
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(2, 3) == 5
+    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 5
+#def test_subtract():
+#    assert subtract(2, 3) == -1
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 11
+# def test_convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius():
+#    assert f2c(32) == 0
+#    assert f2c(122) == pytest.approx(50)
+#    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+#        f2c(-600)
+
+
+
+

Finally, stage the files (git add <filename>), commit (git commit -m "some commit message"), +and push the changes (git push origin main).

+
+
+
+
Fork and clone an existing example repository
+
    +
  • Fork the example repo. There are two options one for python and one for R.

  • +
  • Clone your fork (git clone git@github.com:<yourGitID>/<Py/R>TestingExample.git).

  • +
+
+
+
+

Step 2: Run tests locally

+
+

You can now run your tests locally with

+
pytest
+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 3: Enable automated testing

+
+

In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. +Select “Actions” from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page +“Get started with GitHub Actions”. Select the button for “Configure” +under Python Application:

+
+Selecting a Python workflow +
+

Select “Python application” as the starter workflow.

+
+
+

GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder .github/workflows. +Modify the highlited lines according to the action below. This will add a code coverage +report to new pull requests. The if clause restricts this to pull requests, as otherwise +this action would not have a target to write the reports to. On pushes only the unittesting is run.

+
# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a variety of Python versions
+# For more information see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/building-and-testing-python
+
+name: Python package
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python 3.10
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.10"
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install flake8 pytest pytest-cov
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with pytest and calculate coverage
+      run: |
+        pytest --cov-report "xml:coverage.xml"  --cov=.
+    - name: Create Coverage
+      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+      uses: orgoro/coverage@v3
+      with:
+          coverageFile: coverage.xml
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+
+

Commit the change by pressing the “Start Commit” button:

+
+Committing the change +
+

Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master.

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run

+
+

Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is +executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green +check mark, once the test succeeds:

+
+Verify that the test passed +
+

Green check means passed.

+
+
+

Also browse the “Actions” tab and look at the steps there and their output.

+
+
+
+

Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem

+

After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository:

+
$ git pull origin main
+
+
+

Hint: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called main and not perhaps master.

+

Next uncomment the code in test_functions.py under “step 5”, commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the “Actions” tab (GitHub) +or the “CI/CD->Pipelines” tab (GitLab).

+
+
+

Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab

+

Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the +“Issues” button on GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that we will fix the issue through a pull/merge request.

+
+
+

Step 7: Fix the broken test

+

Now fix the code on a new branch, you can call it yourname/bugfix. +After you have fixed the code on the new branch, commit the following +commit message "restore function subtract; fixes #1" (assuming that +you try to fix issue number 1).

+
+

Shortcut

+

Here it’s perfectly possible to take a shortcut and commit and push +directly to the main branch. If you do this, steps 8-9 below are skipped.

+
    +
  • When would you push directly to the main branch, and when would you send a +pull/merge request?

  • +
+
+

Then push to your repository.

+
+
+

Step 8: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

+

Go back to the repository on GitHub or GitLab and open a pull/merge +request. In a collaborative setting, you could request a code +review from collaborators at this stage. Before accepting the +pull/merge request, observe how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI +automatically tested the code.

+

If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you +can still add it to the pull/merge request: my pull/merge request title, closes #1.

+
+
+

Step 9: Accept the pull/merge request

+

Observe how accepting the pull/merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull/merge request contained the correct issue number).

+

See also:

+ +

Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful?

+
+
+

Step 10: Increase your code coverage

+

We are currently missing several functions in our tests. Write a test for the multiply function in a new branch and create a pull request. +On python you can directly observe the increase in code coverage. +On R you can have a look at the action (Actions -> last run of your action -> Select a job -> Test coverage). If you compare this with the +previous run, you should see an increase once the update is in.

+
+
+

Step 11 (optional): Repeat steps 5-9 for the convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function:

+

Repetition helps learning, so let’s do the testing again for our convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function. +Uncomment the test for the convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function and repeat steps 5 to 9 fixing the bug this test exposes.

+
+
+

Discussion

+

Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise.

+
+
+
+
+

Where to go from here

+
    +
  • This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages

  • +
  • This workflow is very useful for collaborators who work on the same code and it works both for +centralized and +forking workflows - have a look at this +alternative exercise to see how that works.

  • +
  • GitHub Actions has a Marketpace which offer wide range of automatic workflows

  • +
  • On GitLab use GitLab CI

  • +
  • For Windows builds you can also use Appveyor

  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue +autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+

Test design

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can different types of functions and classes be tested?

  • +
  • How can the integrity of a complete program be monitored over time?

  • +
  • How can functions that involve random numbers be tested?

  • +
+
+

In this episode we will consider how functions and programs can be tested in programs developed in different programming languages.

+
+

Exercise instructions

+

For the instructor

+
    +
  • First motivate and give a quick tour of all exercises below (10 minutes).

  • +
  • Emphasize that the focus of this episode is design. It is OK to only discuss in groups and not write code.

  • +
+

During exercise session

+
    +
  • Choose the exercise which interests you most. There are many more exercises than we would have time for.

  • +
  • Discuss what testing framework can be used to implement the test.

  • +
  • Keep notes, questions, and answers in the collaborative document.

  • +
+

Once we return to stream

+
    +
  • Discussion about experiences learned.

  • +
+
+
+

Language-specific instructions

+
+

The suggested solutions below use pytest. Further information can +be found in the Quick Reference.

+
+
+
+

Pure and impure functions

+

Start by discussing how you would design tests for the +following five functions, and then try to write the tests. +Also discuss why some are easier to test than others.

+
+

Design-1: Design a test for a function that receives a number and returns a number

+
+
def factorial(n):
+    """
+    Computes the factorial of n.
+    """
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError('received negative input')
+    result = 1
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        result *= i
+    return result
+
+
+

Discussion point: The factorial grows very rapidly. What happens if you +pass a large number as argument to the function?

+
+ +
+
+

Design-2: Design a test for a function that receives two strings and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_string(text, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in text.
+    Example: if text is "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    words = text.split()
+    return words.count(word)
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-3: Design a test for a function which reads a file and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_file(file_name, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in file file_name.
+    Example: if file contains "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    count = 0
+    with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            words = line.split()
+            count += words.count(word)
+    return count
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-4: Design a test for a function with an external dependency

+

This one is not easy to test because the function has an external dependency.

+
+
def check_reactor_temperature(temperature_celsius):       """
+    Checks whether temperature is above max_temperature
+    and returns a status.
+    """
+    from reactor import max_temperature
+    if temperature_celsius > max_temperature:
+        status = 1
+    else:
+        status = 0
+    return status
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-5: Design a test for a method of a mutable class

+
+
class Pet:
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.hunger = 0
+    def go_for_a_walk(self):  # <-- how would you test this function?
+        self.hunger += 1
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Test-driven development

+
+

Design-6: Experience test-driven development

+

Write a test before writing the function! You can decide yourself +what your unwritten function should do, but as a suggestion it can +be based on FizzBuzz - i.e. +a function that:

+
    +
  • takes an integer argument

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of three, returns “Fizz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of five, returns “Buzz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of both three and five, returns “FizzBuzz”

  • +
  • fails in case of non-integer arguments or integer arguments 0 or negative

  • +
  • otherwise returns the integer itself

  • +
+

When writing the tests, consider the different ways that the function could +and should fail.

+

After you have written the tests, implement the function and run the tests +until they pass.

+ +
+
+
+

Testing randomness

+

How would you test functions which generate random numbers +according to some distribution/statistics?

+

Functions and modules which contain randomness are +more difficult to test than pure deterministic functions, but +many strategies exist:

+
    +
  • For unit tests we can use fixed random seeds.

  • +
  • Try to test whether your results follow the expected +distribution/statistics.

  • +
  • When you verify your code “by eye”, what are you looking at? Now try +to express that in a script.

  • +
+
+

Design-7: Write two different types of tests for randomness

+

Consider the code below which simulates playing +Yahtzee by using +random numbers. How would you go about testing it?

+

Try to write two types of tests:

+
    +
  • a unit test for the roll_dice function. Since it uses +random numbers, you will need to set the random seed, +pre-calculate what sequence of dice throws you get with that seed, +and use that in your test.

  • +
  • a test of the yahtzee function which considers the statistical +probability of obtaining a “Yahtzee” (5 dice with the same value +after three throws), which is around 4.6%. This test will be +an integration test since it tests multiple functions including the +random number generator itself.

  • +
+
+
import random
+from collections import Counter
+
+
+def roll_dice(num_dice):
+    return [random.choice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) for _ in range(num_dice)]
+
+
+def yahtzee():
+    """
+    Play yahtzee with 5 6-sided dice and 3 throws.
+    Collect as many of the same dice side as possible.
+    Returns the number of same sides.
+    """
+
+    # first throw
+    result = roll_dice(5)
+    most_common_side, how_often = Counter(result).most_common(1)[0]
+
+    # we keep the most common side
+    target_side = most_common_side
+    num_same_sides = how_often
+    if num_same_sides == 5:
+        return 5
+
+    # second and third throw
+    for _ in [2, 3]:
+        throw = roll_dice(5 - num_same_sides)
+        num_same_sides += Counter(throw)[target_side]
+        if num_same_sides == 5:
+            return 5
+
+    return num_same_sides
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    num_games = 100
+
+    winning_games = list(
+        filter(
+            lambda x: x == 5,
+            [yahtzee() for _ in range(num_games)],
+        )
+    )
+
+    print(f"out of the {num_games} games, {len(winning_games)} got a yahtzee!")
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Designing an end-to-end test

+

In this exercise we will practice designing an end-to-end test. +In an end-to-end test (or integration test), the unit is the entire program. +We typically feed the program with some well defined input and verify +that it still produces the expected output by comparing it to some reference.

+
+

Design-8: Design (but not write) an end-to-end test for the uniq program

+

To have a tangible example, let us consider the uniq command. This command +can read a file or an input stream and remove consecutive repetition. +The program behind uniq has been written by somebody else, it probably contains +some functions, but we will not look into it but regard it as “black box”.

+

If we have a file called repetitive-text.txt containing:

+
(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+another line
+another line
+another line
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

… then feeding this input file to uniq like this:

+
$ uniq < repetitive-text.txt
+
+
+

… will produce the following output with repetitions removed:

+
(all together now) all together now
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

How would you write an end-to-end test for uniq?

+
+
+

Design-9: More end-to-end testing

+
    +
  • Now imagine a code which reads numbers and produces some (floating +point) numbers. How would you test that?

  • +
  • How would you test a code end-to-end which produces images?

  • +
+
+
+

Design-10: Create an actual end-to-end test

+

Often, you can include tests that run your whole workflow or program. +For example, you might include sample data and check the output +against what you expect. (including sample data is a great idea +anyway, so this helps a lot!)

+

We’ll use the word-count example repository +https://github.com/coderefinery/word-count.

+

As a reminder, you can run the script like this to get some output, +which prints to standard output (the terminal):

+
$ python3 statistics/count.py data/abyss.txt
+
+
+

Your goal is to make a test that can run this and let you know if it’s +successful or not. You could use Python, or you could use shell +scripting. You can test if these two lines are in the output: the 4044 and and 2807.

+

Python hint: +subprocess.check_output +will run a command and return its output as a string.

+

Bash hint: COMMAND | grep "PATTERN" (“pipe to grep”) will be true if +the pattern is in the command.

+ +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Pure functions (these are functions without side-effects) are easiest to test. +And also easiest to reuse in another code project since they don’t depend on +any side-effects.

  • +
  • Classes can be tested but it’s somewhat more elaborate.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+

Conclusions and recommendations

+
+

The basics

+
    +
  • Learn one test framework well enough for basics

    +
      +
    • Explore and use the good tools that exist out there

    • +
    • An incomplete list of testing frameworks can be found in the Quick Reference

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Start with some basics

    +
      +
    • Some simple thing that test all parts

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Automate tests

    +
      +
    • Faster feedback and reduce the number of surprises

    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+

Going more in-depth

+
    +
  • Strike a healthy balance between unit tests and integration tests

  • +
  • As the code gets larger and the chance of undetected bugs +increases, tests should increase

  • +
  • When adding new functionality, also add tests

  • +
  • When you discover and fix a bug, also commit a test against this bug

  • +
  • Use code coverage analysis to identify untested or unused code

  • +
  • If you make your code easier to test, it becomes more modular

  • +
+
+
+

Ways to get started

+

You probably won’t do everything perfectly when you start off… But +what are some of the easy starting points?

+
    +
  • Do you have some single functions that are easy to test, but hard to +verify just by looking at them? Add unit tests.

  • +
  • Do you have data analysis or simulation of some sort? Make an +end-to-end test with sample data, or sample parameters. This is +useful as an example anyway.

  • +
  • A local testing framework + GitHub actions is very easy! And works +well in the background - you do whatever you want and get an email +if you break things. It’s actually pretty freeing.

  • +
+
+
+
+

(Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository?

  • +
  • Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages?

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise a full-cycle collaborative workflow

+

This exercise is a collaborative version of the Automated testing exercise.

+
+

FullCI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab with pull requests and issues

+

This is an expanded version of the automated testing demonstration. +The exercise is performed in a collaborative circle within the exercise group +(breakout room).

+

The exercise takes 20-30 minutes.

+

In this exercise, everybody will:

+

A. Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab (everybody should use a different repository name for their repository) +B. Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +C. Everybody will find a bug in their repository and open an issue in their repository +D. Then each one will clone the repo of one of their exercise partners, fix the bug, +and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +E. Everybody then merges their co-worker’s change

+
+
+Graph with exercise steps +
+

Overview of this exercise. Below we detail the steps.

+
+
+
+

Prerequisites

+

If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +this git-refresher material.

+
+
+

Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab

+
    +
  • Select a different repository name than your colleagues (otherwise forking the same name will be strange)

  • +
  • Before you create the repository, select “Initialize this repository +with a README” (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo).

  • +
  • Share the repository URL with your exercise group via shared document or chat

  • +
+
+
+

Step 2: Clone your own repository, add code, commit, and push

+

Clone the repository.

+

Add a file example.py containing:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(2, 3) == 5
+    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
+
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a + b  # <--- fix this in step 8
+
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 5
+#def test_subtract():
+#    assert subtract(2, 3) == -1
+
+
+

Test example.py with pytest.

+

Then stage the file (git add <filename>), commit (git commit -m "some commit message"), +and push the changes (git push origin main).

+
+
+

Step 3: Enable automated testing

+
+

In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. +Select “Actions” from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page +“Get started with GitHub Actions”. Select the button for “Set up +this workflow” under Python Application:

+
+Selecting a Python workflow +
+

Select “Python application” as the starter workflow.

+
+
+

GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder .github/workflows. +Add pytest example.py to the last line (highlighted):

+
# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python
+# For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions
+
+name: Python application
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Set up Python 3.8
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.8
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install flake8 pytest
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: |
+        pytest example.py
+
+
+

Commit the change by pressing the “Start Commit” button:

+
+Committing the change +
+

Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master.

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run

+
+

Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is +executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green +check mark, once the test succeeds:

+
+Verify that the test passed +
+

Green check means passed.

+
+
+

Also browse the “Actions” tab and look at the steps there and their output.

+
+
+
+

Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem

+

After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository:

+
$ git pull origin main
+
+
+

Hint for helpers: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called main and not perhaps master.

+

Next uncomment the code in example.py under “step 5”, commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the “Actions” tab (GitHub) +or the “CI/CD->Pipelines” tab (GitLab).

+
+
+

Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab

+

Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the “Issues” button on +GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that your colleague will fix the issue through a pull/merge request.

+
+
+

Step 7: Fork and clone the repository of your colleague

+

Fork the repository using the GitHub/GitLab web interface. +(if you are unfamiliar with forking and pull requests, have a look at +this visual representation).

+

Make sure you clone the fork after you have forked it. Do not clone +your colleague’s repository directly.

+
+
$ git clone https://github.com/your-username/the-repository.git
+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 8: Fix the broken test

+

After you have fixed the code, commit the following commit message +"restore function subtract; fixes #1" (assuming that you try to fix +issue number 1).

+

Then push to your fork.

+
+
+

Step 9: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

+

Then before accepting the pull request/ merge request from your colleague, observe +how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI automatically tested the code.

+

If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you can still add it to +the pull request/ merge request: my pull/merge request title, closes #NUMBEROFTHEISSUE

+
+
+

Step 10: Accept the pull request/ merge request

+

Observe how accepting the pull request/ merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull request/ merge request contained the correct issue number).

+

See also:

+ +

Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful?

+
+
+

Discussion

+

Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise.

+
+

(optional) FullCI-2: Add a license file to the previous exercise’s repository

+

In the Social coding and open software +lesson we learn how important it is to add a LICENSE file.

+

Your goal:

+
    +
  • You discover that your coworker’s repository does not have a LICENSE file.

  • +
  • Open an issue and suggest a LICENSE.

  • +
  • Then add a LICENSE via a pull/merge request, referencing the issue number.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+
+

Where to go from here

+
    +
  • This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages

  • +
  • GitHub Actions has a Marketpace which offer wide range of automatic workflows

  • +
  • On GitLab use GitLab CI

  • +
  • For Windows builds you can also use Appveyor

  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue +autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

List of exercises

+
+

Full list

+

This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests.

+
+
+
+

Quick Reference

+
+

Available tools

+
+

Unit test frameworks

+

A test framework makes it easy to run tests across large amounts +of code automatically. They provide more control than one single +script which does some tests.

+ +
+
+
+

pytest_

+
    +
  • Python

  • +
  • http://doc.pytest.org

  • +
  • Installable via Conda or pip.

  • +
  • Easy to use: Prefix a function with test_ and the test runner will execute it. +No need to subclass anything.

  • +
+
def get_word_lengths(s):
+    """
+    Returns a list of integers representing
+    the word lengths in string s.
+    """
+    return [len(w) for w in s.split()]
+
+def test_get_word_lengths():
+    text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street"
+    assert get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6]
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

testthat

+
    +
  • R

  • +
  • https://github.com/r-lib/testthat

  • +
  • Easily installed from CRAN with install.packages("testthat"), or from GitHub with devtools::install_github("r-lib/testthat")

  • +
  • Use in package development with usethis::use_testthat()

  • +
  • Add a new test file with usethis::use_test("test-name"), e.g.:

    +
    # tests/testthat/test_example.R
    +# file added by running `usethis::use_test("example")`
    +
    +context("Arithmetics")
    +library("mypackage")
    +
    +test_that("square root function works", {
    +  expect_equal(my_sqrt(4), 2)
    +  expect_warning(my_sqrt(-4))
    +})
    +
    +
    +

    Tests consist of one or more expectations, and multiple tests can be grouped together in one test file. +Test files are put in the directory tests/testthat/, and their file names are prefixed with test_.

    +
  • +
  • Run all tests in package with devtools::test() (if you use RStudio, press Ctrl+Shift+T):

    +
    > devtools::test()
    +Loading mypackage
    +Testing mypackage
    +✔ |  OK F W S | Context
    +✔ |   2       | Arithmetics
    +
    +══ Results ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    +OK:       2
    +Failed:   0
    +Warnings: 0
    +Skipped:  0
    +
    +
    +
  • +
+

More information in the Testing chapter of the book R Packages by Hadley Wickham.

+
+
+
+

Test

+
    +
  • Julia

  • +
  • +
  • +
  • Part of the standard library

  • +
  • Provides simple unit testing functionality with +@test and @test_throws macros:

  • +
+
julia> using Test
+
+julia> @test [1, 2] + [2, 1] == [3, 3]
+Test Passed
+
+# approximate comparisons:
+julia> @test π  3.14 atol=0.01
+Test Passed
+
+# Tests that an expression throws exception:
+julia> @test_throws BoundsError [1, 2, 3][4]
+Test Passed
+      Thrown: BoundsError
+
+julia> @test_throws DimensionMismatch [1, 2, 3] + [1, 2]
+Test Passed
+      Thrown: DimensionMismatch
+
+
+
    +
  • Grouping related tests with the @testset macro:

  • +
+
using Test
+
+function get_word_lengths(s::String)
+    return [length(w) for w in split(s)]
+end
+
+@testset "Testing get_word_length()" begin
+    text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street"
+    @test get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6]
+    number = 123
+    @test_throws MethodError get_word_lengths(number)
+end
+
+
+
+
+
+

Catch2

+ +
#include <catch2/catch.hpp>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+using namespace Catch::literals;
+
+TEST_CASE("Use the example library to add numbers", "[add]") {
+  auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  REQUIRE(res == 3.0_a);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Google Test

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Documentation

  • +
  • Widely used

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Well-integrated with CMake

  • +
+
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+TEST(example, add) {
+  double res;
+  res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  ASSERT_NEAR(res, 3.0, 1.0e-11);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Boost.Test

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Documentation

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Header-only use possible

  • +
+
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( add )
+{
+  auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  BOOST_TEST(res == 3.0);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

pFUnit

+ +
@test
+subroutine test_add_numbers()
+
+   use hello
+   use pfunit_mod
+
+   implicit none
+
+   real(8) :: res
+
+   call add_numbers(1.0d0, 2.0d0, res)
+   @assertEqual(res, 3.0d0)
+
+end subroutine
+
+
+ +

To test the factorial and fizzbuzz functions from the test-design +exercises, use this CMakeLists.txt file:

+
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+project (PFUNIT_DEMO_CR
+  VERSION 1.0.0
+  LANGUAGES Fortran)
+
+find_package(PFUNIT REQUIRED)
+enable_testing()
+
+# system under test
+add_library (sut
+  factorial.f90
+  fizzbuzz.f90
+  )
+
+target_include_directories(sut PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+
+# tests
+set (test_srcs test_factorial.pf test_fizzbuzz.pf)
+add_pfunit_ctest (my_tests
+  TEST_SOURCES ${test_srcs}
+  LINK_LIBRARIES sut
+  )
+
+
+

You can then compile using this script:

+
#!/bin/bash -f
+
+if [[ -d build ]]
+then
+    rm -rf build
+fi
+
+mkdir -p build
+cd build
+cmake .. -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$PFUNIT_DIR
+make
+./my_tests
+
+# or
+# ctest --verbose
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Services to deploy testing and coverage

+

Each of these are web services to handle testing, free for open source +projects.

+ +
+
+
+
+

Good resources

+ +
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Testing is a basic requirement of any possible language

  • +
  • There are various tools for any language you may use

  • +
  • There are free web services for open source

  • +
+
+
+
+
+

Instructor guide

+
+

Detailed schedule

+
    +
  • 9:00-9:15 Motivation

  • +
  • 9:15-9:40 Testing locally

    +
      +
    • explain the exercise: 5 min

    • +
    • 20 min exercise

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 9:40-10:00 Automated testing

    +
      +
    • demo

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 10:00-10:10 Break

  • +
  • 10:10-10:50 Test design

    +
      +
    • explain the exercise: 10 min

    • +
    • 20 min exercise

    • +
    • discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 10:50-11:00 Discussion and summary

  • +
+
+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+
    +
  • Because writing tests and using automated testing is often part +of the development process, especially for codes that are larger than +a simple script.

  • +
  • We wish to give learners the tools so that they can rewrite codes and +collaborate on a code projects with more confidence.

  • +
  • Testing can help detecting regressions during development instead of later +(when using the code) or too late (after having published results).

  • +
  • Can simplify collaboration since contributors can be more confident that +their changes preserve expected functionality.

  • +
  • Tests document the intent of the function/module/library/code.

  • +
  • Tests can guide the code towards more modular and reusable code style with +fewer side effects.

  • +
+
+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+
    +
  • Know that in each language tools exist that can execute a series of test functions +and report success or failure.

  • +
  • Know that services like GitHub Actions, Azure pipelines, GitLab CI, Appveyor, and others +allow us to automatically run tests on every Git push or every pull request or merge request.

  • +
  • Be able to approach a function or module or library and design a test for it “in words” +or pseudo-code.

  • +
  • Know what test coverage means and how it can help to detect untested/unused code.

  • +
  • Know where in a larger and untested project to start introducing tests since it is beyond +reach and also probably not reasonable to test everything.

  • +
+
+
+

How we teach this lesson

+
+

How to start

+

The quote from another testing lesson by Kathryn Huff can be discussed +to get participants to reflect on the role of software testing in +science and its parallels to calibrating measurement devices. The second half +of the quote is left out because it goes so far as to say that untested software +does not constitute science, and this can be offending to learners.

+
+
+

Questions to involve participants

+
    +
  • Do you agree that testing software is similar to calibrating detectors?

  • +
  • Do you test your code?

  • +
  • How and when do you test?

  • +
  • Where would you start adding a test in an existing project?

  • +
  • In which situations would you recommend not to add any tests?

  • +
+
+
+

Structure of the lesson

+
+
Motivation and concepts
+

The former “motivation” and “concepts” episodes have been combined +into one. Previously, the lesson was described as quite dogmagtic and +without enough time for exercises. When teaching, try to give some of +the benefits, but without being too long about it. The quick +reference has more details on language-specific things.

+
+
+
Testing locally
+

After introducing the concepts the lesson becomes hands-on in the +Testing Locally episode. The pytest example there can be done as +type-along and the optional exercise “Testing with numerical +tolerance” can be left as homework. The end-to-end test may be hard +for many people who can’t script other programs, but it provides +something that can keep advanced people interested for longer.

+
+
+
Automated testing (or full-cycle collaborative workflow)
+

After learning how to run tests locally, the lesson goes into +automated testing using GitHub Actions or GitLab CI in the Automated +Testing episode. This episode is a simplified version of the +collaborative exercise in the optional episode “Full-cycle +collaborative workflow”, and the instructor has a choice which one to +teach (with the latter requiring around double the time). The +exercise in Automated Testing can either be done as a type-along +demonstration by the instructor or as an exercise in breakout rooms.

+

If run as an exercise, this episode requires that learners know how +to set up Git repositories locally and online and how to work with +pull/merge requests!

+

If the optional Full-cycle episode is covered, it is useful during the +wrap up of the exercise to have a co-instructor doing the exercise in +parallel with you. As your partner makes a pull requests with “fixes +#1” (or whatever PR number) you can show that the PR links to a issue, +and the issue pointing to a commit.

+
+
+
Test design
+

This episode now has exercises in different languages covering +different testing approaches (unit tests, integration tests, testing +randomness, TDD). In normal workshops there are far too many +exercises for the available time so the instructor has freedom to +recommend specific exercises, to let learners choose themselves, or to +recommend learners to discuss rather than implement the tests.

+
+
+
Order of Continuous Integration and Test Design
+

When this lesson is taught standalone in a software testing workshop +or hackathon, it might be better to go through the Test Design episode +before the Continuous Integration episode.

+
+
+
+

Timing

+

The lesson is stipulated to take around 2 hours, but if more time is +available you can replace the Automated Testing episode with “Full-cycle +collaborative workflow”, or give more time to the Test Design episode.

+

Splitting the lesson in two halves with a lunch break in the middle +works well. Before lunch you have on hour introduction and the two +first exercises. After lunch you continue with the automated testing +exercise and test design.

+
+
+

Room for improvement

+
    +
  • The lesson is still too Python centric in the “Testing locally” and “Automated testing” episodes. +It would be nice to offer alternatives for learners who write in different languages.

  • +
  • Currently the lesson is in the “discipline” domain. Testing is +something you do to control behavior (your own as well as the code). +Testing is also something you can do to improve productivity, but this +is less visible/detectable.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Field reports

+
+

2024 March (first time with no exercises)

+

This was the first year we did the “all demo” mode with no exercises, +and it worked well enough. Our rough plan can be seen at this +hackmd (not pasted here +because it’s kind of long).

+

We tried to be fast with motivation, and not go to details. In +“testing locally”, we basically did the exercise as a demo. There +wasn’t much of note, it worked and there was plenty of +discussion. “Automated testing” worked fine also, except: a) we had to +choose how to push to Github, we used vscode, but not all learners did +that method. Nothing to change here, but be aware you should explain +what and why you are doing for people who didn’t use your chosen +method of linking, and b) code coverage didn’t work from a PR from a +fork. We had one person set up the automated tests, then swapped +instructors and showed the second making the fork and contributing.

+

The biggest thing to think about is how, when demoing testing +locally/automated testing, people ask “how to tests work?”, which then +comes later. I don’t know if I would change the order, +though… because showing how to design tests without knowing how to +use them would make the same kind of questions, but reversed. I think +it’s just a “decide how it is and prepare for the questions” - maybe +in “motivation” or some other summary episode at the start.

+

“Test design” didn’t have any major problems, but many of the tests +were relatively simple to discuss: the earlier tests would be trivial +to understand if someone shows you the code (should we demonstrate +typing two lines that’s the same as in motivation? - but interesting +to do as an exercise). Some of the later ones were interesting to +build up and demonstrate. It would be good to think which exercises +one wants to demo, and which one wants to only talk about. And think +which comes out of each demo/telling.

+

Overall, no major issues in doing this demo-based with good +familiarity but limited preparation time.

+
+
+

2023 September

+

For this lesson, “Motivation” and “Concepts” were combined. An extra +end-to-end test was added under “testing locally”.

+
+
+

2023 March

+

Due to a mix-up with instructors, we changed the plan at the last +minute and it didn’t go so well (we should have known). The original +plan had pytest as a demo, with exercises for Github CI and test +design. We did pytest as an exercise, Github CI as an exercise, and +had almost no time for test design. One complaint was that there +wasn’t enough time for practical things, so I think a plan like last +time could have been good. As usual, we should have found a way to +talk less and do more.

+

This was the schedule from March 2023:

+
* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started
+* 9:00 - 10:45 [Software testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/)
+  - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday
+  - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/)
+  - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/)
+  - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/)
+      - 5 minutes talking
+      - 15 minute exercises
+      - 5 going over exercises and discussion
+  - 9:45-9:55 Break
+  - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/)
+      - type-along session
+  - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/)
+      - discussion: 5 minutes
+      - Exercises: 10 minutes.  Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do.
+      - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes
+  - 10:45-11:00 Break
+
+
+
+
+

2022 September

+

Overall, it went well with the schedule below. We had to be +efficient, but it seemed like it wasn’t too hard. The only complaint +was that there was a lot of time for the first exercise (pytest +locally), which I would agree with. I think for next time, we should +add in parts of that exercise so that there are more advanced things +to do, since there are more nice features of pytest, such as --pdb, +running single tests, etc. Other than that, there wasn’t really much +to report.

+

The way extra long breaks and a 5-minute starting point were included +is quite good for the schedule. Not because we needed them, but it +allowed us to go over time and not be under so much time pressure.

+
**Day 6**
+* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started
+* 9:00 - 10:45 Software testing
+  - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday
+  - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/)
+  - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/)
+  - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/)
+      - 5 minutes talking
+      - 15 minute exercises
+      - 5 going over exercises and discussion
+  - 9:45-9:55 Break
+  - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/)
+      - type-along session
+  - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/)
+      - discussion: 5 minutes
+      - Exercises: 10 minutes.  Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do.
+      - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes
+  - 10:45-11:00 Break
+
+
+
+
+

2019 November instructor training workshop

+

Some notes about teaching are here: +https://github.com/coderefinery/testing/issues/42

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright CodeRefinery project.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/main/singlehtml/objects.inv b/branch/main/singlehtml/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61cdb37 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/main/singlehtml/objects.inv differ diff --git a/branch/main/test-design/index.html b/branch/main/test-design/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a1b666 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/main/test-design/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1587 @@ + + + + + + + Test design — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Test design

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can different types of functions and classes be tested?

  • +
  • How can the integrity of a complete program be monitored over time?

  • +
  • How can functions that involve random numbers be tested?

  • +
+
+

In this episode we will consider how functions and programs can be tested in programs developed in different programming languages.

+
+

Exercise instructions

+

For the instructor

+
    +
  • First motivate and give a quick tour of all exercises below (10 minutes).

  • +
  • Emphasize that the focus of this episode is design. It is OK to only discuss in groups and not write code.

  • +
+

During exercise session

+
    +
  • Choose the exercise which interests you most. There are many more exercises than we would have time for.

  • +
  • Discuss what testing framework can be used to implement the test.

  • +
  • Keep notes, questions, and answers in the collaborative document.

  • +
+

Once we return to stream

+
    +
  • Discussion about experiences learned.

  • +
+
+
+

Language-specific instructions

+
+

The suggested solutions below use pytest. Further information can +be found in the Quick Reference.

+
+
+
+

Pure and impure functions

+

Start by discussing how you would design tests for the +following five functions, and then try to write the tests. +Also discuss why some are easier to test than others.

+
+

Design-1: Design a test for a function that receives a number and returns a number

+
+
def factorial(n):
+    """
+    Computes the factorial of n.
+    """
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError('received negative input')
+    result = 1
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        result *= i
+    return result
+
+
+

Discussion point: The factorial grows very rapidly. What happens if you +pass a large number as argument to the function?

+
+ +
+
+

Design-2: Design a test for a function that receives two strings and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_string(text, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in text.
+    Example: if text is "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    words = text.split()
+    return words.count(word)
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-3: Design a test for a function which reads a file and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_file(file_name, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in file file_name.
+    Example: if file contains "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    count = 0
+    with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            words = line.split()
+            count += words.count(word)
+    return count
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-4: Design a test for a function with an external dependency

+

This one is not easy to test because the function has an external dependency.

+
+
def check_reactor_temperature(temperature_celsius):       """
+    Checks whether temperature is above max_temperature
+    and returns a status.
+    """
+    from reactor import max_temperature
+    if temperature_celsius > max_temperature:
+        status = 1
+    else:
+        status = 0
+    return status
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-5: Design a test for a method of a mutable class

+
+
class Pet:
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.hunger = 0
+    def go_for_a_walk(self):  # <-- how would you test this function?
+        self.hunger += 1
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Test-driven development

+
+

Design-6: Experience test-driven development

+

Write a test before writing the function! You can decide yourself +what your unwritten function should do, but as a suggestion it can +be based on FizzBuzz - i.e. +a function that:

+
    +
  • takes an integer argument

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of three, returns “Fizz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of five, returns “Buzz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of both three and five, returns “FizzBuzz”

  • +
  • fails in case of non-integer arguments or integer arguments 0 or negative

  • +
  • otherwise returns the integer itself

  • +
+

When writing the tests, consider the different ways that the function could +and should fail.

+

After you have written the tests, implement the function and run the tests +until they pass.

+ +
+
+
+

Testing randomness

+

How would you test functions which generate random numbers +according to some distribution/statistics?

+

Functions and modules which contain randomness are +more difficult to test than pure deterministic functions, but +many strategies exist:

+
    +
  • For unit tests we can use fixed random seeds.

  • +
  • Try to test whether your results follow the expected +distribution/statistics.

  • +
  • When you verify your code “by eye”, what are you looking at? Now try +to express that in a script.

  • +
+
+

Design-7: Write two different types of tests for randomness

+

Consider the code below which simulates playing +Yahtzee by using +random numbers. How would you go about testing it?

+

Try to write two types of tests:

+
    +
  • a unit test for the roll_dice function. Since it uses +random numbers, you will need to set the random seed, +pre-calculate what sequence of dice throws you get with that seed, +and use that in your test.

  • +
  • a test of the yahtzee function which considers the statistical +probability of obtaining a “Yahtzee” (5 dice with the same value +after three throws), which is around 4.6%. This test will be +an integration test since it tests multiple functions including the +random number generator itself.

  • +
+
+
import random
+from collections import Counter
+
+
+def roll_dice(num_dice):
+    return [random.choice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) for _ in range(num_dice)]
+
+
+def yahtzee():
+    """
+    Play yahtzee with 5 6-sided dice and 3 throws.
+    Collect as many of the same dice side as possible.
+    Returns the number of same sides.
+    """
+
+    # first throw
+    result = roll_dice(5)
+    most_common_side, how_often = Counter(result).most_common(1)[0]
+
+    # we keep the most common side
+    target_side = most_common_side
+    num_same_sides = how_often
+    if num_same_sides == 5:
+        return 5
+
+    # second and third throw
+    for _ in [2, 3]:
+        throw = roll_dice(5 - num_same_sides)
+        num_same_sides += Counter(throw)[target_side]
+        if num_same_sides == 5:
+            return 5
+
+    return num_same_sides
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    num_games = 100
+
+    winning_games = list(
+        filter(
+            lambda x: x == 5,
+            [yahtzee() for _ in range(num_games)],
+        )
+    )
+
+    print(f"out of the {num_games} games, {len(winning_games)} got a yahtzee!")
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Designing an end-to-end test

+

In this exercise we will practice designing an end-to-end test. +In an end-to-end test (or integration test), the unit is the entire program. +We typically feed the program with some well defined input and verify +that it still produces the expected output by comparing it to some reference.

+
+

Design-8: Design (but not write) an end-to-end test for the uniq program

+

To have a tangible example, let us consider the uniq command. This command +can read a file or an input stream and remove consecutive repetition. +The program behind uniq has been written by somebody else, it probably contains +some functions, but we will not look into it but regard it as “black box”.

+

If we have a file called repetitive-text.txt containing:

+
(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+another line
+another line
+another line
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

… then feeding this input file to uniq like this:

+
$ uniq < repetitive-text.txt
+
+
+

… will produce the following output with repetitions removed:

+
(all together now) all together now
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

How would you write an end-to-end test for uniq?

+
+
+

Design-9: More end-to-end testing

+
    +
  • Now imagine a code which reads numbers and produces some (floating +point) numbers. How would you test that?

  • +
  • How would you test a code end-to-end which produces images?

  • +
+
+
+

Design-10: Create an actual end-to-end test

+

Often, you can include tests that run your whole workflow or program. +For example, you might include sample data and check the output +against what you expect. (including sample data is a great idea +anyway, so this helps a lot!)

+

We’ll use the word-count example repository +https://github.com/coderefinery/word-count.

+

As a reminder, you can run the script like this to get some output, +which prints to standard output (the terminal):

+
$ python3 statistics/count.py data/abyss.txt
+
+
+

Your goal is to make a test that can run this and let you know if it’s +successful or not. You could use Python, or you could use shell +scripting. You can test if these two lines are in the output: the 4044 and and 2807.

+

Python hint: +subprocess.check_output +will run a command and return its output as a string.

+

Bash hint: COMMAND | grep "PATTERN" (“pipe to grep”) will be true if +the pattern is in the command.

+ +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Pure functions (these are functions without side-effects) are easiest to test. +And also easiest to reuse in another code project since they don’t depend on +any side-effects.

  • +
  • Classes can be tested but it’s somewhat more elaborate.

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/.buildinfo b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 0000000..487bca3 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: ea4897e49f5b978f65c1bc025167d12d +tags: d77d1c0d9ca2f4c8421862c7c5a0d620 diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/.nojekyll b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/.nojekyll new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/gh_action_commit.png b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/gh_action_commit.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d74dc05 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/gh_action_commit.png differ diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/gl_action_commit.png b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/gl_action_commit.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6104809 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/gl_action_commit.png differ diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/gl_green_check_mark.png b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/gl_green_check_mark.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2ac0a0 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/gl_green_check_mark.png differ diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/green_check_mark.png b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/green_check_mark.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5df212b Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/green_check_mark.png differ diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/python_application.png b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/python_application.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b550217 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/python_application.png differ diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/suit.jpg b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/suit.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8b55f1 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/suit.jpg differ diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/testing_group_work.png b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/testing_group_work.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbc5215 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/testing_group_work.png differ diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/unit-testing.jpg b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/unit-testing.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cea3256 Binary files /dev/null and b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_images/unit-testing.jpg differ diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/concepts.md.txt b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/concepts.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef21f5e --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/concepts.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +# Concepts + +```{questions} +- What are unit tests, regression tests, and integration tests? +- What is test coverage? +- How should we approach testing? +``` + +```{figure} img/unit-testing.jpg +:alt: Tests is no guarantee +:width: 400px + +Tests are no guarantee. Figure source: +``` + + +## How to test? + +Imperfect tests **run frequently** are better than perfect tests which are +never written: +- Test **frequently** (each commit/push) +- Test **automatically** (e.g. using + [Azure pipelines](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/devops/pipelines/) or + [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/marketplace?type=actions) or [GitLab CI](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/) or similar services) +- Test with [numerical tolerance](http://www.smbc-comics.com/comic/2013-06-05) + (see also ["What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic"](https://floating-point-gui.de/)) +- Think about **code coverage** ([Coveralls](https://coveralls.io) or [Codecov](https://codecov.io) or similar services) + +--- + +## Defensive programming + +- Assume that mistakes will happen and introduce guards against them. +- Use **assertions** for things you believe will/should never happen. +- Use **exceptions** for anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring + special processing. + +```python +def kelvin_to_celsius(temp_k): + """ + Converts temperature in Kelvin + to Celsius. + """ + assert temp_k >= 0.0, "ERROR: negative T_K" + temp_c = temp_k - 273.15 + return temp_c +``` + +--- + +## Unit tests + +- **Unit tests** are functions +- Test one unit: module or even single function +- Good documentation of the capability and dependencies of a module +- Unit tests are not about testing units of measure and unit conversion, they are about testing small components (units) of a code + +--- + +## Integration tests + +- **Integration tests** verify whether multiple modules are working well together +- Like in a car assembly we have to test all components independently and also whether the components are working together when combined +- Unit tests can be used for testing independent components (_e.g._ battery, controller, motor) and integration tests to check if car is working overall + +--- + +## Regression tests + +- Similarly to integration tests, **regression tests** often operate on the + whole code base +- Rather than assuming that the test author knows what the correct + result should be, regression tests look to the past for the expected behavior +- Often spans multiple code versions: when developing a new version, input + and output files of a previous version are used to test that the same + behaviour is observed + +--- + +## Test-driven development + +- In **test-driven development**, one writes tests before writing code +- Very often we know the result that a function is supposed to produce +- Development cycle (red, green, refactor): + - Write the test + - Write an empty function template + - **Verify that the test fails** + - Program until the test passes + - Perhaps improve until you are happy (refactor) + - Move on + +--- + +## Continuous integration + +- **Continuous integration** is basically when you automatically test + every single commit/push (you test whether code integrates **before** you integrate it) + +--- + +## Code coverage + +- If I break the code and all tests pass who is to blame? +- **Code coverage** measures and documents which lines of code have been traversed during a test run +- It is possible to have line-by-line coverage +- [Real-life example](https://coveralls.io/github/bast/runtest) + +--- + +## Total time to test matters + +- Total time to test matters +- If the test set takes 7 hours to run, it is likely that nobody will run it +- Identify fast essential test set that has sufficient coverage and is sufficiently + short to be run before each commit or push +- Test code can be marked (grouped). Here our `pytest` is marked: + +```python +@pytest.mark.conversion +def test_fahrenheit_to_celsius(): + temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f=100.0) + expected_result = 37.777777 + assert abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6 +``` + +```sh +$ pytest -v -m conversion +``` + +--- + +## Tests don't guarantee correctness + +Not only do tests not guarantee the absence of bugs, they can +also contain their own bugs. +Here's an example of how we could get the testing of the +`kelvin_to_celsius` function wrong: + +```python +def kelvin_to_celsius(temp_k): + """ + Converts temperature in Kelvin + to Celsius. + """ + assert temp_k >= 0.0, "ERROR: negative T_K" + temp_c = temp_k + 273.15 # BUG! + return temp_c + +# buggy test +def test_kelvin_to_celsius(): + temp_c = kelvin_to_celsius(temp_k=0.0) + expected_result = 273.15 + assert abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6 +``` + +All tests are happy! + +--- + +## Testing frameworks + +A large number of testing frameworks, tools and libraries are available for +different programming languages. Some of the most popular ones are listed +in the [Quick Reference](./quick-reference). + +--- + +## Good practices + +- Test before committing (use the Git staging area) +- Fix broken tests immediately (dirty dishes effect) +- Do not deactivate tests "temporarily" +- Think about coverage (physics and lines of code) +- Go public with your testing dashboard and issues/tickets +- Test controlled errors: if something is expected to fail, test for that +- Create benchmark calculations to cover various performance-critical modules and monitor timing +- Make testing easy to run (`make test`) +- Make testing easy to analyze + - Do not flood screen with pages of output in case everything runs OK + - Test with numerical tolerance (extremely annoying to compare digits by eye) + + +```{keypoints} +- Assertions, exceptions, unit tests, integration tests and regression + tests are used to test a code on different levels +- Test driven development is one way to develop code which is tested + from the start +- Continuous integration is when every commit/merge is tested + automatically +``` diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/conclusions.md.txt b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/conclusions.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aefd455 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/conclusions.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Conclusions and recommendations + +- Explore and use the good tools that exist out there +- An incomplete list of testing frameworks can be found in the [Quick Reference](quick-reference) +- Automate tests: faster feedback and reduce the number of surprises +- Strike a healthy balance between unit tests and integration tests +- When adding new functionality, also add tests +- When you discover and fix a bug, also commit a test against this bug +- Use code coverage analysis to identify untested or unused code +- If you make your code easier to test, it becomes more modular + + +## Good resources + +- [Getting Started With Testing in Python](https://realpython.com/python-testing/) +- [Introductions to Python Testing Frameworks](http://pythontesting.net/start-here/) diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/continuous-integration.md.txt b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/continuous-integration.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..936e34d --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/continuous-integration.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,310 @@ +# Automated testing + +```{questions} +- How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository? +- Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages? +``` + +## Type-along exercise: Continuous integration + +We will now learn to set up automatic tests using either GitHub Actions or +GitLab CI - you can choose which one to use and instructions are provided for both. + +This exercise can be run in "collaborative mode" by following instead the instructions +in [Full-cycle collaborative workflow](./full-cycle-ci). In the collaborative version steps +C-D below are performed by a collaborator. + + +```{challenge} Exercise overview + +In this exercise, we will: + +**A.** Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab +**B.** Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +**C.** Find a bug in our repository and open an issue to report it +**D.** Fix the bug on a bugfix branch and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +**E.** Merge the pull/merge request and see how the issue is automatically closed. +``` + +### Prerequisites + +If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +[this git-refresher material](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-refresher/). +If you are new to pull requests / merge requests, you can learn all about them +in the [Collaborative Git lesson](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/). + +### Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab + +- Begin by creating a repository called (for example) *example-ci*. +- **Before** you create the repository, select **"Initialize this repository + with a README"** (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo). + +### Step 2: Clone your repository, add code, commit, and push + +Clone the repository. + +Add a file `example.py` containing: + +```python +def add(a, b): + return a + b + + +def test_add(): + assert add(2, 3) == 5 + assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship' + + +def subtract(a, b): + return a + b # <--- fix this in step 8 + + +# uncomment the following test in step 5 +#def test_subtract(): +# assert subtract(2, 3) == -1 +``` +Test `example.py` with `pytest`. + +Then stage the file (`git add `), commit (`git commit -m "some commit message"`), +and push the changes (`git push origin main`). + + +### Step 3: Enable automated testing + +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} GitHub + + In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. + Select "Actions" from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page + "Get started with GitHub Actions". Select the button for "Set up + this workflow" under Python Application: + + ```{figure} img/python_application.png + :alt: Selecting a Python workflow + + Select "Python application" as the starter workflow. + ``` + + GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder `.github/workflows`. + Add `pytest example.py` to the last line (highlighted): + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 34-36 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python + # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions + + name: Python application + + on: + push: + branches: [ main ] + pull_request: + branches: [ main ] + + jobs: + build: + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Set up Python 3.8 + uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + with: + python-version: 3.8 + - name: Install dependencies + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + pip install flake8 pytest + if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi + - name: Lint with flake8 + run: | + # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names + flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide + flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + - name: Test with pytest + run: | + pytest example.py + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Start Commit" button: + + ```{figure} img/gh_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + :width: 400px + + Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} GitLab + + In this step we will enable GitLab CI. + Select "CI/CD" from your Gitlab sidebar of the project. You get to a page + "Editor". (Instead you can also click on "Add CI/CD" on the main page or just add a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file the result is identical. + + Copy the following code snippet into the file. Gitlab will save it as `.gitlab-ci.yml`. + Add `pytest example.py` to the last line (highlighted): + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 22 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python + # For more information see: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Python.gitlab-ci.yml + + image: python:latest + stages: + - linting + - test + before_script: + - cat /proc/version #print out operations system + - python -V # Print out python version for debugging + - pip install pytest flake8 + - if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt;fi + + linting: + stage: linting + script: + - flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + - flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + + test: + stage: test + script: + - pytest example.py + + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Commit changes" button: + + ```{figure} img/gl_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + :width: 400px + + Committing the file via the GitLab web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` +````` + + +### Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run + +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} GitHub + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Actions" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` + + ````{tab} GitLab + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a blue marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/gl_green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Pipelines" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` +````` + + +### Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem + +After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository: + +```bash +$ git pull origin main +``` + +Hint: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called `main` and not perhaps `master`. + +Next uncomment the code in `example.py` under "step 5", commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the "Actions" tab (GitHub) +or the "CI/CD->Pipelines" tab (GitLab). + + +### Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab + +Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the +"Issues" button on GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that we will fix the issue through a pull/merge request. + + +### Step 7: Fix the broken test + +Now fix the code **on a new branch**, you can call it `yourname/bugfix`. +After you have fixed the code on the new branch, commit the following +commit message `"restore function subtract; fixes #1"` (assuming that +you try to fix issue number 1). + +Then push to your repository. + + +### Step 8: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) + +Go back to the repository on GitHub or GitLab and open a pull/merge +request. **In a collaborative setting, you could request a code +review from collaborators at this stage.** Before accepting the +pull/merge request, observe how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI +automatically tested the code. + +If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you +can still add it to the pull/merge request: `my pull/merge request +title, closes #1`. + + +### Step 9: Accept the pull/merge request + +Observe how accepting the pull/merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull/merge request contained the correct issue number). + +See also: +- GitHub: [closing issues using keywords](https://help.github.com/articles/closing-issues-using-keywords/) +- GitLab: [closing issues using keywords](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/issues/managing_issues.html#closing-issues) + +Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful? + + +### Discussion + +Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise. + +--- + +## Where to go from here + +- This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages +- This workflow is very useful for collaborators who work on the same code and it works both for + [centralized](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/02-centralized/) and + [forking](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/03-distributed/) workflows - have a look at this + [alternative exercise](./full-cycle-ci) to see how that works. +- GitHub Actions has a [Marketpace](https://github.com/marketplace?type=actions) which offer wide range of automatic workflows +- On GitLab use [GitLab CI](https://about.gitlab.com/product/continuous-integration/) +- For Windows builds you can also use [Appveyor](https://www.appveyor.com) + + +```{keypoints} +- When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue + autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request. +``` diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/full-cycle-ci.md.txt b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/full-cycle-ci.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e09c96b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/full-cycle-ci.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,347 @@ +# (Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow + +```{questions} +- How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository? +- Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages? +``` + + +## Exercise a full-cycle collaborative workflow + +This exercise is a collaborative version of the [Automated testing exercise](./continuous-integration). + +```{challenge} Exercise overview +This is an expanded version of the [automated testing demonstration](./continuous-integration). +The exercise is performed in a collaborative circle within the exercise group +(breakout room). + +The exercise takes 20-30 minutes. + +In this exercise, everybody will: + +**A.** Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab (everybody should use a **different repository name** for their repository) +**B.** Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +**C.** Everybody will find a bug in their repository and open an issue in their repository +**D.** Then each one will clone the repo of one of their exercise partners, fix the bug, + and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +**E.** Everybody then merges their co-worker's change +``` + +```{figure} img/testing_group_work.png +:alt: Graph with exercise steps +:width: 300px + +Overview of this exercise. Below we detail the steps. +``` + +### Prerequisites + +If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +[this git-refresher material](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-refresher/). + + +### Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab + +- Select a **different repository name** than your colleagues (otherwise forking the same name will be strange) +- **Before** you create the repository, select **"Initialize this repository + with a README"** (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo). +- Share the repository URL with your exercise group via shared document or chat + + +### Step 2: Clone your own repository, add code, commit, and push + +Clone the repository. + +Add a file `example.py` containing: + +```python +def add(a, b): + return a + b + + +def test_add(): + assert add(2, 3) == 5 + assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship' + + +def subtract(a, b): + return a + b # <--- fix this in step 8 + + +# uncomment the following test in step 5 +#def test_subtract(): +# assert subtract(2, 3) == -1 +``` +Test `example.py` with `pytest`. + +Then stage the file (`git add `), commit (`git commit -m "some commit message"`), +and push the changes (`git push origin main`). + + +### Step 3: Enable automated testing + +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} GitHub + + In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. + Select "Actions" from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page + "Get started with GitHub Actions". Select the button for "Set up + this workflow" under Python Application: + + ```{figure} img/python_application.png + :alt: Selecting a Python workflow + + Select "Python application" as the starter workflow. + ``` + + GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder `.github/workflows`. + Add `pytest example.py` to the last line (highlighted): + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 34-36 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python + # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions + + name: Python application + + on: + push: + branches: [ main ] + pull_request: + branches: [ main ] + + jobs: + build: + + runs-on: ubuntu-latest + + steps: + - uses: actions/checkout@v2 + - name: Set up Python 3.8 + uses: actions/setup-python@v2 + with: + python-version: 3.8 + - name: Install dependencies + run: | + python -m pip install --upgrade pip + pip install flake8 pytest + if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi + - name: Lint with flake8 + run: | + # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names + flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide + flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + - name: Test with pytest + run: | + pytest example.py + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Start Commit" button: + + ```{figure} img/gh_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + :width: 400px + + Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} GitLab + + In this step we will enable GitLab CI. + Select "CI/CD" from your Gitlab sidebar of the project. You get to a page + "Editor". (Instead you can also click on "Add CI/CD" on the main page or just add a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file the result is identical. + + Copy the following code snippet into the file. Gitlab will save it as `.gitlab-ci.yml`. + Add `pytest example.py` to the last line (highlighted): + + ```{code-block} yaml + --- + emphasize-lines: 22 + --- + # This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python + # For more information see: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Python.gitlab-ci.yml + + image: python:latest + stages: + - linting + - test + before_script: + - cat /proc/version #print out operations system + - python -V # Print out python version for debugging + - pip install pytest flake8 + - if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt;fi + + linting: + stage: linting + script: + - flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics + - flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics + + test: + stage: test + script: + - pytest example.py + + ``` + + Commit the change by pressing the "Commit changes" button: + + ```{figure} img/gl_action_commit.png + :alt: Committing the change + :width: 400px + + Committing the file via the GitLab web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master. + ``` + ```` +````` + + +### Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run + +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} GitHub + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Actions" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` + + ````{tab} GitLab + + Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is + executing, the repository has a blue marker. This is replaced with a green + check mark, once the test succeeds: + + ```{figure} img/gl_green_check_mark.png + :alt: Verify that the test passed + + Green check means passed. + ``` + + Also browse the "Pipelines" tab and look at the steps there and their output. + ```` +````` + + +### Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem + +After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository: + +```bash +$ git pull origin main +``` + +Hint for helpers: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called `main` and not perhaps `master`. + +Next uncomment the code in `example.py` under "step 5", commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the "Actions" tab (GitHub) +or the "CI/CD->Pipelines" tab (GitLab). + + +### Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab + +Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the "Issues" button on +GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that your colleague will fix the issue through a pull/merge request. + + +### Step 7: Fork and clone the repository of your colleague + +Fork the repository using the GitHub/GitLab web interface. +(if you are unfamiliar with forking and pull requests, have a look at +[this visual representation](https://coderefinery.github.io/git-collaborative/03-distributed/#forking-layout)). + +**Make sure you clone the fork after you have forked it. Do not clone +your colleague's repository directly.** + +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} GitHub + + ```bash + $ git clone https://github.com/your-username/the-repository.git + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} GitLab + + ```bash + $ git clone https://gitlab.com/your-username/the-repository.git + ``` + ```` +````` + + +### Step 8: Fix the broken test + +After you have fixed the code, commit the following commit message +`"restore function subtract; fixes #1"` (assuming that you try to fix +issue number 1). + +Then push to your fork. + + +### Step 9: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) + +Then before accepting the pull request/ merge request from your colleague, observe +how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI automatically tested the code. + +If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you can still add it to +the pull request/ merge request: `my pull/merge request title, closes #NUMBEROFTHEISSUE` + + +### Step 10: Accept the pull request/ merge request + +Observe how accepting the pull request/ merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull request/ merge request contained the correct issue number). + +See also: +- GitHub: [closing issues using keywords](https://help.github.com/articles/closing-issues-using-keywords/) +- GitLab: [closing issues using keywords](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/issues/managing_issues.html#closing-issues) + +Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful? + + +### Discussion + +Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise. + + +```{challenge} Optional exercise +In the [Social coding and open software](https://cicero.xyz/v3/remark/0.14.0/github.com/coderefinery/social-coding/master/talk.md/) +lesson we learn how important it is to add a LICENSE file. + +Your goal: +- You discover that your coworker's repository does not have a LICENSE file. +- Open an issue and suggest a LICENSE. +- Then add a LICENSE via a pull/merge request, referencing the issue number. +``` + +--- + +## Where to go from here + +- This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages +- GitHub Actions has a [Marketpace](https://github.com/marketplace?type=actions) which offer wide range of automatic workflows +- On GitLab use [GitLab CI](https://about.gitlab.com/product/continuous-integration/) +- For Windows builds you can also use [Appveyor](https://www.appveyor.com) + + +```{keypoints} +- When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue + autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request. +``` diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/guide.md.txt b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/guide.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9402d05 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/guide.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +# Instructor guide + +## Why we teach this lesson + +- Because writing tests and using automated testing is often part + of the development process, especially for codes that are larger than + a simple script. +- We wish to give learners the tools so that they can rewrite codes and + collaborate on a code projects with more confidence. +- Testing can help detecting regressions during development instead of later + (when using the code) or too late (after having published results). +- Can simplify collaboration since contributors can be more confident that + their changes preserve expected functionality. +- Tests document the intent of the function/module/library/code. +- Tests can guide the code towards more modular and reusable code style with + fewer side effects. + + +## Intended learning outcomes + +- Know that in each language tools exist that can execute a series of test functions + and report success or failure. +- Know that services like GitHub Actions, Azure pipelines, GitLab CI, Appveyor, and others + allow us to automatically run tests on every Git push or every pull request or merge request. +- Be able to approach a function or module or library and design a test for it "in words" + or pseudo-code. +- Know what test coverage means and how it can help to detect untested/unused code. +- Know where in a larger and untested project to start introducing tests since it is beyond + reach and also probably not reasonable to test everything. + + +## How we teach this lesson + +### How to start + +The quote from another testing lesson by Kathryn Huff can be discussed +to get participants to reflect on the role of software testing in +science and its parallels to calibrating measurement devices. The second half +of the quote is left out because it goes so far as to say that untested software +does not constitute science, and this can be offending to learners. + +### Questions to involve participants + +- Do you agree that testing software is similar to calibrating detectors? +- Do you test your code? +- How and when do you test? +- Where would you start adding a test in an existing project? +- In which situations would you recommend not to add any tests? + + +### Structure of the lesson + +#### Concepts + +After the Motivation episode, the lesson continues with a walkthrough +of important concepts in software testing (unit tests, integration +tests, test-driven development etc). At the end of the Concepts episode +there's a link to the Quick Reference where learners can find a list of +available testing frameworks for different languages. + +#### Testing locally + +After introducing the concepts the lesson becomes hands-on in the +Testing Locally episode. The pytest example there can be done as +type-along and the optional exercise "Testing with numerical +tolerance" can be left as homework. + +#### Automated testing (or full-cycle collaborative workflow) + +After learning how to run tests locally, the lesson goes into +automated testing using GitHub Actions or GitLab CI in the Automated +Testing episode. This episode is a simplified version of the +collaborative exercise in the optional episode "Full-cycle +collaborative workflow", and the instructor has a choice which one to +teach (with the latter requiring around double the time). The +exercise in Automated Testing can either be done as a type-along +demonstration by the instructor or as an exercise in breakout rooms. + +**If run as an exercise, this episode requires that learners know how +to set up Git repositories locally and online and how to work with +pull/merge requests!** + +If the optional Full-cycle episode is covered, it is useful during the +wrap up of the exercise to have a co-instructor doing the exercise in +parallel with you. As your partner makes a pull requests with "fixes +#1" (or whatever PR number) you can show that the PR links to a issue, +and the issue pointing to a commit. + +#### Test design + +This episode now has exercises in different languages covering +different testing approaches (unit tests, integration tests, testing +randomness, TDD). In normal workshops there are far too many +exercises for the available time so the instructor has freedom to +recommend specific exercises, to let learners choose themselves, or to +recommend learners to discuss rather than implement the tests. + +#### Order of Continuous Integration and Test Design + +When this lesson is taught standalone in a software testing workshop +or hackathon, it might be better to go through the Test Design episode +before the Continuous Integration episode. + +### Timing + +The lesson is stipulated to take around 2 hours, but if more time is +available you can replace the Automated Testing episode with "Full-cycle +collaborative workflow", or give more time to the Test Design episode. + +Splitting the lesson in two halves with a lunch break in the middle +works well. Before lunch you have on hour introduction and the two +first exercises. After lunch you continue with the automated testing +exercise and test design. + +### Room for improvement + +- The lesson is still too Python centric in the "Testing locally" and "Automated testing" episodes. + It would be nice to offer alternatives for learners who write in different languages. +- Currently the lesson is in the "discipline" domain. Testing is + something you do to control behavior (your own as well as the code). + Testing is also something you can do to improve productivity, but this + is less visible/detectable. diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/index.rst.txt b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/index.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c6b0a2f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/index.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +Software testing +================ + +In this lesson we will discuss why testing often needs to be part of the +software development cycle and how such a cycle can be implemented. We will +see automated testing works and practice designing and writing tests. + +.. prereq:: + + 1. You need `pytest `__ (as part of Anaconda or Miniconda or Virtual Environment). + + 2. Basic understanding of Git. + + 3. You need a `GitHub `__ or a `Gitlab `__ account. + + +.. csv-table:: + :widths: auto + :delim: ; + + 10 min ; :doc:`motivation` + 10 min ; :doc:`concepts` + 20 min ; :doc:`pytest` + 30 min ; :doc:`continuous-integration` + 30 min ; :doc:`test-design` + 5 min ; :doc:`conclusions` + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: The lesson + + motivation + concepts + pytest + continuous-integration + test-design + conclusions + full-cycle-ci + + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Reference + + quick-reference + guide diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/motivation.md.txt b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/motivation.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16f8803 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/motivation.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,328 @@ +# Motivation + +```{questions} +- Why automated tests +- Can there be situations where automated tests are too much? +``` + + +## Untested software can be compared to uncalibrated detectors + +*"Before relying on a new experimental device, an experimental scientist always +establishes its accuracy. A new detector is calibrated when the scientist +observes its responses to known input signals. The results of this +calibration are compared against the expected response."* + +> [From [Testing and Continuous Integration with Python](https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/python-testing/), created by K. Huff] + +Simulations and analysis using software *should* be held to the same standards as experimental measurement devices! + +Further motivation for testing: + +- [A Scientist's Nightmare: Software Problem Leads to Five Retractions](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/314/5807/1856.summary) +- [Researchers find bug in Python script may have affected hundreds of studies](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/10/chemists-discover-cross-platform-python-scripts-not-so-cross-platform/) + +--- + +## Testing in a nutshell + +In software tests, expected results are compared with observed results in order +to establish accuracy: + +````{tabs} + ```{code-tab} py + + def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f): + """Converts temperature in Fahrenheit + to Celsius. + """ + temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0) + return temp_c + + # This is the test function: `assert` raises an error if something + # is wrong. + def test_fahrenheit_to_celsius(): + temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f=100.0) + expected_result = 37.777777 + assert abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6 + ``` + + ```{code-tab} c++ + + #include // std::abs + #include + #include + + using namespace std; + + /* Converts temperature in Fahrenheit to Celsius. */ + double fahrenheit_to_celsius(double temp_f) { + auto temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0 / 9.0); + return temp_c; + } + + /* This is the test function: `throws` raises an error if something is wrong. */ + void test_fahrenheit_to_celsius() { + auto temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(100.0); + auto expected_result = 37.777777; + try { + if (abs(temp_c - expected_result) > 1.0e-6) throw "Error"; + } catch (char const* err) { + cout << err; + } + } + + int main() { + cout << fahrenheit_to_celsius(20); + test_fahrenheit_to_celsius(); + return EXIT_SUCCESS; + } + ``` + + ```{code-tab} r R + + # Converts temperature in Fahrenheit to Celsius. + fahrenheit_to_celsius <- function(temp_f) + { + temp_c <- (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0) + temp_c + } + + # This is the test function: `assertive::is_true` raises an error if something + # is wrong. + test_fahrenheit_to_celsius <- function() + { + temp_c <- fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f = 100.0) + expected_result <- 37.777777 + assertive::is_true(abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6) + } + ``` + ```{code-tab} fortran + program temperature_conversion + + implicit none + call test_fahrenheit_to_celsius() + + contains + + function fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f) result(temp_c) + implicit none + real temp_f + real temp_c + temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0) + end function fahrenheit_to_celsius + + subroutine test_fahrenheit_to_celsius() + implicit none + real temp_c + real expected_result + temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(100.0) + expected_result = 37.777777 + if( abs(temp_c - expected_result) > 1.0e-6) then + write(*,*) 'Error' + else + write(*,*) 'Pass' + end if + end subroutine test_fahrenheit_to_celsius + + end program temperature_conversion + ``` +```` + +Why are we not comparing directly all digits with the expected result? + +--- + +## Tests help preserving expected functionality + +- As projects grow, it becomes easier to break things without noticing immediately +- Software defects can be caused by both human errors and non-controllable events (i.e. environmental conditions) +- Testing helps **detecting new errors early** +- Interpreted dynamically typed imperative languages often need to be tested +- So do compiled languages but the compiler catches at least some errors +- Testing is essential for research software because we care about + reproducibility of scientific results and because derivative research and + programs depend on research software +- "Program testing can be used to show the presence of bugs, but never to show their absence!" (Edsger W. Dijkstra) + +--- + +## Tests help users of your code + +- Make it easier for others to verify whether the code has been correctly installed +- Provide basis to judge the quality of the code +- Users of your code publish papers based on results produced by your code +- Your peers need to be able to reproduce your (to be) published computational results + +--- + +## Tests help other developers + +- Tests make it easier to **refactor the code** (rewrite code while keeping functionality) +- Code can become unsustainable without runnable tests and becomes legacy software (i.e. software outdated and not usable anymore) +- Documentation which is up to date by definition +- Easier for external developers to contribute to the project without breaking your code + (**you may immediately see problems in your code but others may not**) + - You are confident accepting contributions + - *You* can confidently improve your code + +```{figure} img/suit.jpg +:alt: Old-fashioned diving suit +:width: 300px + +Suiting up to modify untested code. +``` + +--- + +## Tests help managing complexity + + +### Good code: pure and easy to test + +"Pure": no side effects. +We already know how to test this code (see above): + +````{tabs} + ```{code-tab} py + + def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f): + temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0) + return temp_c + + temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f=100.0) + print(temp_c) + ``` + + ```{code-tab} c++ + + #include + #include + + /* Converts temperature in Fahrenheit to Celsius. */ + double fahrenheit_to_celsius(double temp_f) { + auto temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0 / 9.0); + return temp_c; + } + + int main() { + auto temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(20); + std::cout << temp_c << std::endl; + return EXIT_SUCCESS; + } + ``` + + ```{code-tab} r R + + fahrenheit_to_celsius <- function(temp_f) + { + temp_c <- (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0) + temp_c + } + + temp_c <- fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f = 100.0) + print(temp_c) + ``` + ```{code-tab} fortran + function fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f) result(temp_c) + implicit none + real temp_f + real temp_c + temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0) + end function fahrenheit_to_celsius + + temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(100.0) + write(*,*) temp_c + ``` +```` + + +### Less good code: has side effects and is difficult to test + +How would you test this code: + +````{tabs} + ```{code-tab} py + + f_to_c_offset = 32.0 + f_to_c_factor = 0.555555555 + temp_c = 0.0 + + def fahrenheit_to_celsius_bad(temp_f): + global temp_c + temp_c = (temp_f - f_to_c_offset) * f_to_c_factor + + fahrenheit_to_celsius_bad(temp_f=100.0) + print(temp_c) + ``` + + ```{code-tab} c++ + + #include + #include + + constexpr double f_to_c_offset = 32.0; + constexpr double f_to_c_factor = 0.555555555; + double temp_c = 0.0; + + /* Converts temperature in Fahrenheit to Celsius. */ + void fahrenheit_to_celsius(double temp_f) { + temp_c = (temp_f - f_to_c_offset) * f_to_c_factor; + } + + int main() { + fahrenheit_to_celsius(20); + std::cout << temp_c << std::endl; + return EXIT_SUCCESS; + } + ``` + + ```{code-tab} r R + + f_to_c_offset <- 32.0 + f_to_c_factor <- 0.555555555 + temp_c <- 0.0 + + fahrenheit_to_celsius_bad <- function(temp_f) + { + temp_c <<- (temp_f - f_to_c_offset) * f_to_c_factor + } + + fahrenheit_to_celsius_bad(temp_f = 100.0) + print(temp_c) + ``` + ```{code-tab} fortran + real f_to_c_offset = 32.0 + real f_to_c_factor = 0.555555555 + + function fahrenheit_to_celsius_bad(temp_f) result(temp_c) + implicit none + real temp_f + real temp_c + temp_c = (temp_f - f_to_c_offset) * f_to_c_factor + end function fahrenheit_to_celsius_bad + + temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius_bad(100.0) + write(*,*) temp_c + ``` +```` + +> ## Tests guide towards modular code structure +> +> - Well structured code (modular code) is easy to test +> - "Badly" structured code is difficult to test automatically +> - If you make it easier to test, it becomes more modular +> - To make code more modular, maybe start by thinking about how to make it testable if you need inspiration? +{: .discussion} + +--- + +> ## Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests? +> +> **It is always a balance: there is no "always"/"never"**. +> - Jupyter or R Markdown notebook which produces a plot and you know by +> looking at the plot whether it worked? +> - A short, "obviously correct" Python or R script which you never intend to reuse? +> - A simple short, "obviously correct" shell script? +> - Can you give other examples? +{: .discussion} diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/pytest.md.txt b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/pytest.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..843ce29 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/pytest.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +# Testing locally + +```{questions} +- How can we implement a test suite using pytest? +``` + + +## Exercise [pytest](http://doc.pytest.org) + +In this exercise we will make a simple Python function and use +[pytest](http://doc.pytest.org) to test it. + +* This is easy to use by almost any project and doesn't rely on any + other servers or services. +* The downside is that you have to remember to run it yourself. + +We will try to +keep things simple so that those who do not use Python can follow. + +````{challenge} Exercise: 15 min +1. Create a new directory and change into it: + ```console + $ mkdir pytest-example + $ cd pytest-example + ``` + +2. Then create a file called `example.py` and copy-paste the following code into it: + ```python + def add(a, b): + return a + b + + + def test_add(): + assert add(2, 3) == 5 + assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship' + ``` + This code contains one genuine function and a test function. + `pytest` finds any functions beginning with `test_` and treats them + as tests. + +3. Let us try to test it with pytest: + ```shell + $ pytest -v example.py + + ============================================================ test session starts ================================= + platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3 + cachedir: .pytest_cache + rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile: + collected 1 item + + example.py::test_add PASSED + + ========================================================= 1 passed in 0.01 seconds =============================== + ``` + Yay! The test passed! + + Hint for participants trying this inside Spyder or IPython: try `!pytest -v example.py`. + +4. Let us break the test! + Introduce a code change which breaks the code and check + whether pytest detects the change: + ```shell + $ pytest -v example.py + + ============================================================ test session starts ================================= + platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3 + cachedir: .pytest_cache + rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile: + collected 1 item + + example.py::test_add FAILED + + ================================================================= FAILURES ======================================= + _________________________________________________________________ test_add _______________________________________ + + def test_add(): + > assert add(2, 3) == 5 + E assert -1 == 5 + E --1 + E +5 + + example.py:6: AssertionError + ========================================================= 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ============== + ``` + Notice how pytest is smart and includes context: lines that failed, + values of the relevant variables. + +```` + +````{challenge} Optional exercise: Testing with numerical tolerance (10 min) +In the above exercise we have compared integers. In this optional exercise we +want to learn how to compare floating point numbers since they are more tricky +(see also ["What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic"](https://floating-point-gui.de/)). + +The following test will fail and this might be surprising. Try it out: + ```python + def add(a, b): + return a + b + + + def test_add(): + assert add(0.1, 0.2) == 0.3 + ``` + +Your goal: find a more robust way to test this addition. +```` + +````{solution} +One solution is to use +[pytest.approx](https://docs.pytest.org/en/4.6.x/reference.html#pytest-approx): +```python +from pytest import approx + +def add(a, b): + return a + b + +def test_add(): + assert add(0.1, 0.2) == approx(0.3) +``` + +But maybe you didn't know about +[pytest.approx](https://docs.pytest.org/en/4.6.x/reference.html#pytest-approx): +and did this instead: +```python +def test_add(): + result = add(0.1, 0.2) + assert abs(result - 0.3) < 1.0e-7 +``` +This is OK but the `1.0e-7` can be a bit arbitrary. +```` + +```{keypoints} +- pytest collects and runs all test functions starting with `test_`. +- Python and C/C++ have better tooling for automated tests than Fortran and you can use those also for Fortran projects (via `iso_c_binding`). +``` diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/quick-reference.md.txt b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/quick-reference.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9c4486d --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/quick-reference.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +# Quick Reference + +## Available tools + +### Unit test frameworks + +A **test framework** makes it easy to run tests across large amounts +of code automatically. They provide more control than one single +script which does some tests. + +- Python + - [pytest](http://doc.pytest.org) + - [nose](http://nose.readthedocs.io) + - [doctest](https://docs.python.org/2/library/doctest.html) + - [unittest](https://docs.python.org/2/library/unittest.html) + +- R + - [testthat](https://github.com/r-lib/testthat) + +- Julia + - [Test](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/stdlib/Test/) + +- Matlab + - [Class-Based Unit Tests](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/class-based-unit-tests.html) + +- C(++) + - [Google Test](https://github.com/google/googletest) + - [Catch2](http://catch-lib.net) + - [cppunit](https://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/cppunit/) + - [Boost.Test](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_62_0/libs/test/doc/html/index.html) + - [UnitTest++](http://unittest-cpp.github.io) + +- Fortran + - [pFUnit](https://sourceforge.net/projects/pfunit/) + - [FRUIT](https://sourceforge.net/projects/fortranxunit/) + - [Ftunit](http://flibs.sourceforge.net/ftnunit.html) + +--- + +### [pytest](http://doc.pytest.org) + +- Python +- Installable via Conda or pip. +- Easy to use: Prefix a function with `test_` and the test runner will execute it. + No need to subclass anything. + +```python +def get_word_lengths(s): + """ + Returns a list of integers representing + the word lengths in string s. + """ + return [len(w) for w in s.split()] + +def test_get_word_lengths(): + text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street" + assert get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6] +``` + +- [Example output](https://travis-ci.org/bast/pytest-demo/builds/104182942) +- [Example project](https://github.com/bast/pytest-demo) + +--- + +### [testthat](https://github.com/r-lib/testthat) + +- R +- Easily installed from CRAN with `install.packages("testthat")`, or from GitHub with `devtools::install_github("r-lib/testthat")` +- Use in package development with `usethis::use_testthat()` +- Add a new test file with `usethis::use_test("test-name")`, e.g.: + + ```r + # tests/testthat/test_example.R + # file added by running `usethis::use_test("example")` + + context("Arithmetics") + library("mypackage") + + test_that("square root function works", { + expect_equal(my_sqrt(4), 2) + expect_warning(my_sqrt(-4)) + }) + ``` + + Tests consist of one or more _expectations_, and multiple tests can be grouped together in one test file. + Test files are put in the directory `tests/testthat/`, and their file names are prefixed with `test_`. + +- Run all tests in package with `devtools::test()` (if you use RStudio, press Ctrl+Shift+T): + + ``` + > devtools::test() + Loading mypackage + Testing mypackage + ✔ | OK F W S | Context + ✔ | 2 | Arithmetics + + ══ Results ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ + OK: 2 + Failed: 0 + Warnings: 0 + Skipped: 0 + ``` + + +More information in the [Testing chapter](http://r-pkgs.had.co.nz/tests.html) of the book [R Packages](http://r-pkgs.had.co.nz) by Hadley Wickham. + +--- + +### [Test](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/stdlib/Test/) + +- Julia +- Part of the standard library +- Provides simple unit testing functionality with + `@test` and `@test_throws` macros: + +```julia +julia> using Test + +julia> @test [1, 2] + [2, 1] == [3, 3] +Test Passed + +# approximate comparisons: +julia> @test π ≈ 3.14 atol=0.01 +Test Passed + +# Tests that an expression throws exception: +julia> @test_throws BoundsError [1, 2, 3][4] +Test Passed + Thrown: BoundsError + +julia> @test_throws DimensionMismatch [1, 2, 3] + [1, 2] +Test Passed + Thrown: DimensionMismatch +``` + +- Grouping related tests with the `@testset` macro: + +```julia +using Test + +function get_word_lengths(s::String) + return [length(w) for w in split(s)] +end + +@testset "Testing get_word_length()" begin + text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street" + @test get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6] + number = 123 + @test_throws MethodError get_word_lengths(number) +end +``` + +--- + +### [Catch2](https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2) + +- C++ +- Widely used +- Header-only +- Very rich in functionality +- Well-integrated with CMake + +```cpp +#include + +#include "example.h" + +using namespace Catch::literals; + +TEST_CASE("Use the example library to add numbers", "[add]") { + auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0); + REQUIRE(res == 3.0_a); +} +``` + +- [Example output](https://github.com/ENCCS/catch2-demo/runs/1959590399?check_suite_focus=true) +- [Example project](https://github.com/ENCCS/catch2-demo) + +--- + +### [Google Test](https://github.com/google/googletest) + +- C++ +- Widely used +- Very rich in functionality +- Well-integrated with CMake + +```cpp +#include + +#include "example.h" + +TEST(example, add) { + double res; + res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0); + ASSERT_NEAR(res, 3.0, 1.0e-11); +} +``` + +- [Example output](https://travis-ci.org/bast/gtest-demo/builds/104190982) +- [Example project](https://github.com/bast/gtest-demo) + +--- + +### [Boost.Test](https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_75_0/libs/test/doc/html/index.html) + +- C++ +- Very rich in functionality +- Header-only use possible + +```cpp +#include + +#include "example.h" + +BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( add ) +{ + auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0); + BOOST_TEST(res == 3.0); +} +``` + +- [Example output](https://github.com/ENCCS/boost-test-demo/runs/1959592305?check_suite_focus=true) +- [Example project](https://github.com/ENCCS/boost-test-demo) + +--- + +### [pFUnit](https://github.com/Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit) + +- Fortran +- Very rich in functionality +- Requires modern Fortran compilers (uses F2003 standard) + +``` +@test +subroutine test_add_numbers() + + use hello + use pfunit_mod + + implicit none + + real(8) :: res + + call add_numbers(1.0d0, 2.0d0, res) + @assertEqual(res, 3.0d0) + +end subroutine +``` + +- [Example output](https://travis-ci.org/bast/pfunit-demo/builds/104193675) +- [Example project](https://github.com/bast/pfunit-demo) + +--- + +### Services to deploy testing and coverage + +Each of these are web services to handle testing, free for open source +projects. + +- [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/features/actions) (we will + demonstrate in next episode) +- [GitLab CI](https://about.gitlab.com/features/gitlab-ci-cd/) + (we will demonstrate in next episode) +- [Azure Pipelines](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/devops/pipelines/) +- [Coveralls](https://coveralls.io) +- [Codecov](https://codecov.io) + + +```{keypoints} +- Testing is a basic requirement of any possible language +- There are various tools for any language you may use +- There are free web services for open source +``` diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/test-design.md.txt b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/test-design.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4fa916a --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_sources/test-design.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,670 @@ +# Test design + +```{questions} +- How can different types of functions and classes be tested? +- How can the integrity of a complete program be monitored over time? +- How can functions that involve random numbers be tested? +``` + +In this episode we will consider how functions and programs can be tested in programs developed in different programming languages. + +```{Objectives} +- Learn how to determine what kind of unit tests can be performed for different type of functions. +- Learn how to perform test-driven development in which tests for a function are designed and implemented before the function is written. +- Learn how to test functions whose output depend on random numbers. +``` + +```{discussion} Exercise instructions +**For the instructor** +- First motivate and give a quick tour of all exercises below (10 minutes). +- Emphasize that the focus of this episode is *design*. It is OK to only discuss in groups and not write code. + +**In breakout rooms (35 minutes)** +- We arrange breakout rooms according to preferred languages. +- Choose the exercise which interests you most. There are many more exercises than we would have time for. +- Discuss what testing framework can be used to implement the test. +- Keep notes, questions, and answers in the collaborative document. +- If time is available, implement the test(s) using the chosen framework. + +**Once we return to main room** +- Discussion on experiences learned (10 minutes). +``` + + +## Pure and impure functions + +Start by discussing how you would design tests for the +following five functions, and then try to write the tests. +Also discuss why some are easier to test than others. + +```````{challenge} 1. Function that receives a number and returns a number + `````{tabs} + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/factorial.py + :language: python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/factorial.cpp + :language: C++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/factorial.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/factorial.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/factorial.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + ````` + +``````{solution} +This is a **pure function** so is easy to test: inputs go to +outputs. For example, start with the below, then think of some +what extreme cases/boundary cases there might be. This example shows +all of the tests as one function, but you might want to make each test +function more fine-grained and test only one concept. + +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/factorial_sol.py + :language: python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/factorial_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/factorial_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/factorial_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/factorial_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` +`````` +``````` + +```````{challenge} 2. Function that receives two strings and returns a number +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_string.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_string.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_string.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_string.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_string.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + ````` + +``````{solution} +This is again a **pure function** but uses strings. Use a similar strategy +to the above. + +`````{tabs} + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_string_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + +`````` +``````` + +```````{challenge} 3. Function which reads a file and returns a number +`````{tabs} + + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_file.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_file.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_file.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_file.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_file.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + ````` + +``````{solution} +In this example we test a function which is not pure, because the output +depends on the value of a file. We can generate a temporary file for testing +and remove it afterwards. Even better could be to split file reading from the +calculation, so that testing the calculation part becomes easy (see above). + +`````{tabs} + + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/count_word_occurrence_in_file_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + +````` +`````` +``````` + +```````{challenge} 4. Function with an external dependency +This one is not easy to test because the function has an external dependency. + +`````{tabs} + + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/reactor_temperature.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/reactor_temperature.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/reactor_temperature.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/reactor_temperature.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/reactor_temperature.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` + +``````{solution} +This function depends on the value of +`reactor.max_temperature` so the function is not pure, so testing gets +harder. You could use monkey patching to override the value of +`max_temperature`, and test it with different values. [Monkey +patching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey_patch) is the concept +of artificially changing some other value. + +A better solution would probably be to rewrite the function. + +`````{tabs} + + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/reactor_temperature_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/reactor_temperature_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/reactor_temperature_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/reactor_temperature_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/reactor_temperature_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` +`````` +``````` + +```````{challenge} 5. Testing a method of a mutable class + +`````{tabs} + + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/Pet.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/Pet.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/Pet.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/Pet.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/Pet.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` + +``````{solution} +`````{tabs} + + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/Pet_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/Pet_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/Pet_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/Pet_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/Pet_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` +````` +`````` +``````` + + +## Test-driven development + +```````{challenge} Test-driven development + +Write a test before writing the function! You can decide yourself +what your unwritten function should do, but as a suggestion it can +be based on [FizzBuzz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizz_buzz) - i.e. +a function that: +- takes an integer argument +- for arguments that are multiples of three, returns "Fizz" +- for arguments that are multiples of five, returns "Buzz" +- for arguments that are multiples of both three and five, returns "FizzBuzz" +- fails in case of non-integer arguments or integer arguments 0 or negative +- otherwise returns the integer itself + +When writing the tests, consider the different ways that the function could +and should fail. + +After you have written the tests, implement the function and run the tests +until they pass. + +``````{solution} + +`````{tabs} + + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/tdd_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/tdd_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} R + + ```{literalinclude} code/tdd_sol.R + :language: R + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/tdd_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Fortran + + ```{literalinclude} code/tdd_sol.f90 + :language: fortran + ``` + ```` + ````` +`````` +``````` + + +## Testing randomness + +How would you test functions which generate random numbers +according to some distribution/statistics? + +Functions and modules which contain randomness are +more difficult to test than pure deterministic functions, but +many strategies exist: +- For unit tests we can use fixed random seeds. +- Try to test whether your results follow the expected + distribution/statistics. +- When you verify your code "by eye", what are you looking at? Now try + to express that in a script. + + +```````{challenge} Different ways of testing randomness + Consider the code below which simulates playing + [Yahtzee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahtzee) by using + random numbers. How would you go about testing it? + + Try to write two types of tests: + - a *unit test* for the `roll_dice` function. Since it uses + random numbers, you will need to **set the random seed**, + pre-calculate what sequence of dice throws you get with that seed, + and use that in your test. + - a test of the `yahtzee` function which considers the statistical + probability of obtaining a "Yahtzee" (5 dice with the same value + after three throws), which is around 4.6%. This test will be + an *integration test* since it tests multiple functions including the + random number generator itself. + + + `````{tabs} + + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/yahtzee.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/yahtzee.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/yahtzee.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + + ````` + +``````{solution} + `````{tabs} + + ````{tab} Python + + ```{literalinclude} code/yahtzee_sol.py + :language: Python + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} C++ + + ```{literalinclude} code/yahtzee_sol.cpp + :language: c++ + ``` + ```` + + ````{tab} Julia + + ```{literalinclude} code/yahtzee_sol.jl + :language: julia + ``` + ```` + ````` +`````` +``````` + + +## Designing an end-to-end test + +In this exercise we will practice designing an end-to-end test. +In an end-to-end test (or integration test), the unit is the entire program. +We typically feed the program with some well defined input and verify +that it still produces the expected output by comparing it to some reference. + +````{challenge} Integration test for the uniq program +To have a tangible example, let us consider the `uniq` command. This command +can read a file or an input stream and remove consecutive repetition. +The program behind `uniq` has been written by somebody else, it probably contains +some functions, but we will not look into it but regard it as "black box". + +If we have a file called `repetitive-text.txt` containing: +``` +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +another line +another line +another line +another line +intermission +more repetition +more repetition +more repetition +more repetition +more repetition +(all together now) all together now +(all together now) all together now +``` + +... then feeding this input file to `uniq` like this: +``` +$ uniq < repetitive-text.txt +``` + +... will produce the following output with repetitions removed: +``` +(all together now) all together now +another line +intermission +more repetition +(all together now) all together now +``` + +- How would you write an end-to-end test? +- Now imagine the code reads numbers and produces some (floating point) numbers. + How would you test that? +- How would you test a code end-to-end which produces images? +```` + +```{keypoints} +- Pure functions (these are functions without side-effects) are easiest to test. +- Classes can be tested but it's somewhat more elaborate. +``` diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_static/basic.css b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3bdc00 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,861 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2021 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li div.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 450px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +a.brackets:before, +span.brackets > a:before{ + content: "["; +} + +a.brackets:after, +span.brackets > a:after { + content: "]"; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +table.footnote td, table.footnote th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dl.footnote > dt, +dl.citation > dt { + float: left; + margin-right: 0.5em; +} + +dl.footnote > dd, +dl.citation > dd { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl.footnote > dd:after, +dl.citation > dd:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dt:after { + content: ":"; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0.5em; + content: ":"; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; 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+ top: .2em; + right: .2em; + width: 1em; + height: 1em; + opacity: .3; + transition: opacity 0.5s; + border: none; + user-select: none; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +a.copybtn > img { + vertical-align: top; + margin: 0; + top: 0; + left: 0; + position: absolute; +} + +.highlight:hover .copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: 2px; + top: 0; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + font-size: 1rem; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_static/copybutton.js b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65a5916 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, newText) => { + const oldText = el.getAttribute('data-tooltip') + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll('div.highlight pre') + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + const pre_bg = getComputedStyle(codeCell).backgroundColor; + + const clipboardButton = id => + ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + ` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true) { + + var regexp; + var match; + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match) { + promptFound = true + if (removePrompts) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } else { + if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (promptFound) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + return formatCopyText(target.innerText, '', false, true, true) +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy_success']) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..57caa55 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true) { + + var regexp; + var match; + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match) { + promptFound = true + if (removePrompts) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } else { + if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (promptFound) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + 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+ * an installed firebug like debugger +if (!window.console || !console.firebug) { + var names = ["log", "debug", "info", "warn", "error", "assert", "dir", + "dirxml", "group", "groupEnd", "time", "timeEnd", "count", "trace", + "profile", "profileEnd"]; + window.console = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) + window.console[names[i]] = function() {}; +} + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +var Documentation = { + + init : function() { + this.fixFirefoxAnchorBug(); + this.highlightSearchWords(); + this.initIndexTable(); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) { + this.initOnKeyListeners(); + } + }, + + /** + * i18n support + */ + TRANSLATIONS : {}, + PLURAL_EXPR : function(n) { return n === 1 ? 0 : 1; }, + LOCALE : 'unknown', + + // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions + // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext) + gettext : function(string) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return string; + return (typeof translated === 'string') ? translated : translated[0]; + }, + + ngettext : function(singular, plural, n) { + var translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular]; + if (typeof translated === 'undefined') + return (n == 1) ? singular : plural; + return translated[Documentation.PLURALEXPR(n)]; + }, + + addTranslations : function(catalog) { + for (var key in catalog.messages) + this.TRANSLATIONS[key] = catalog.messages[key]; + this.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function('n', 'return +(' + catalog.plural_expr + ')'); + this.LOCALE = catalog.locale; + }, + + /** + * add context elements like header anchor links + */ + addContextElements : function() { + $('div[id] > :header:first').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this headline')). + appendTo(this); + }); + $('dt[id]').each(function() { + $('\u00B6'). + attr('href', '#' + this.id). + attr('title', _('Permalink to this definition')). + appendTo(this); + }); + }, + + /** + * workaround a firefox stupidity + * see: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=645075 + */ + fixFirefoxAnchorBug : function() { + if (document.location.hash && $.browser.mozilla) + window.setTimeout(function() { + document.location.href += ''; + }, 10); + }, + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in the url in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords : function() { + var params = $.getQueryParameters(); + var terms = (params.highlight) ? params.highlight[0].split(/\s+/) : []; + if (terms.length) { + var body = $('div.body'); + if (!body.length) { + body = $('body'); + } + window.setTimeout(function() { + $.each(terms, function() { + body.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted'); + }); + }, 10); + $('') + .appendTo($('#searchbox')); + } + }, + + /** + * init the domain index toggle buttons + */ + initIndexTable : function() { + var togglers = $('img.toggler').click(function() { + var src = $(this).attr('src'); + var idnum = $(this).attr('id').substr(7); + $('tr.cg-' + idnum).toggle(); + if (src.substr(-9) === 'minus.png') + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-9) + 'plus.png'); + else + $(this).attr('src', src.substr(0, src.length-8) + 'minus.png'); + }).css('display', ''); + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) { + togglers.click(); + } + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords : function() { + $('#searchbox .highlight-link').fadeOut(300); + $('span.highlighted').removeClass('highlighted'); + }, + + /** + * make the url absolute + */ + makeURL : function(relativeURL) { + return DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT + '/' + relativeURL; + }, + + /** + * get the current relative url + */ + getCurrentURL : function() { + var path = document.location.pathname; + var parts = path.split(/\//); + $.each(DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT.split(/\//), function() { + if (this === '..') + parts.pop(); + }); + var url = parts.join('/'); + return path.substring(url.lastIndexOf('/') + 1, path.length - 1); + }, + + initOnKeyListeners: function() { + $(document).keydown(function(event) { + var activeElementType = document.activeElement.tagName; + // don't navigate when in search box, textarea, dropdown or button + if (activeElementType !== 'TEXTAREA' && activeElementType !== 'INPUT' && activeElementType !== 'SELECT' + && activeElementType !== 'BUTTON' && !event.altKey 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But as of jQuery 3.0 (2016), strict mode should be common +// enough that all such attempts are guarded in a try block. +"use strict"; + +var arr = []; + +var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf; + +var slice = arr.slice; + +var flat = arr.flat ? function( array ) { + return arr.flat.call( array ); +} : function( array ) { + return arr.concat.apply( [], array ); +}; + + +var push = arr.push; + +var indexOf = arr.indexOf; + +var class2type = {}; + +var toString = class2type.toString; + +var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty; + +var fnToString = hasOwn.toString; + +var ObjectFunctionString = fnToString.call( Object ); + +var support = {}; + +var isFunction = function isFunction( obj ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=57, Firefox <=52 + // In some browsers, typeof returns "function" for HTML elements + // (i.e., `typeof document.createElement( "object" ) === "function"`). + // We don't want to classify *any* DOM node as a function. + return typeof obj === "function" && typeof obj.nodeType !== "number"; + }; + + +var isWindow = function isWindow( obj ) { + return obj != null && obj === obj.window; + }; + + +var document = window.document; + + + + var preservedScriptAttributes = { + type: true, + src: true, + nonce: true, + noModule: true + }; + + function DOMEval( code, node, doc ) { + doc = doc || document; + + var i, val, + script = doc.createElement( "script" ); + + script.text = code; + if ( node ) { + for ( i in preservedScriptAttributes ) { + + // Support: Firefox 64+, Edge 18+ + // Some browsers don't support the "nonce" property on scripts. + // On the other hand, just using `getAttribute` is not enough as + // the `nonce` attribute is reset to an empty string whenever it + // becomes browsing-context connected. + // See https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/2369 + // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#nonce-attributes + // The `node.getAttribute` check was added for the sake of + // `jQuery.globalEval` so that it can fake a nonce-containing node + // via an object. + val = node[ i ] || node.getAttribute && node.getAttribute( i ); + if ( val ) { + script.setAttribute( i, val ); + } + } + } + doc.head.appendChild( script ).parentNode.removeChild( script ); + } + + +function toType( obj ) { + if ( obj == null ) { + return obj + ""; + } + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only (functionish RegExp) + return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ? + class2type[ toString.call( obj ) ] || "object" : + typeof obj; +} +/* global Symbol */ +// Defining this global in .eslintrc.json would create a danger of using the global +// unguarded in another place, it seems safer to define global only for this module + + + +var + version = "3.5.1", + + // Define a local copy of jQuery + jQuery = function( selector, context ) { + + // The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced' + // Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included) + return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context ); + }; + +jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = { + + // The current version of jQuery being used + jquery: version, + + constructor: jQuery, + + // The default length of a jQuery object is 0 + length: 0, + + toArray: function() { + return slice.call( this ); + }, + + // Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR + // Get the whole matched element set as a clean array + get: function( num ) { + + // Return all the elements in a clean array + if ( num == null ) { + return slice.call( this ); + } + + // Return just the one element from the set + return num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ]; + }, + + // Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack + // (returning the new matched element set) + pushStack: function( elems ) { + + // Build a new jQuery matched element set + var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems ); + + // Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference) + ret.prevObject = this; + + // Return the newly-formed element set + return ret; + }, + + // Execute a callback for every element in the matched set. + each: function( callback ) { + return jQuery.each( this, callback ); + }, + + map: function( callback ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.map( this, function( elem, i ) { + return callback.call( elem, i, elem ); + } ) ); + }, + + slice: function() { + return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) ); + }, + + first: function() { + return this.eq( 0 ); + }, + + last: function() { + return this.eq( -1 ); + }, + + even: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return ( i + 1 ) % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + odd: function() { + return this.pushStack( jQuery.grep( this, function( _elem, i ) { + return i % 2; + } ) ); + }, + + eq: function( i ) { + var len = this.length, + j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 ); + return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[ j ] ] : [] ); + }, + + end: function() { + return this.prevObject || this.constructor(); + }, + + // For internal use only. + // Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method. + push: push, + sort: arr.sort, + splice: arr.splice +}; + +jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { + var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, + target = arguments[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 1, + length = arguments.length, + deep = false; + + // Handle a deep copy situation + if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { + deep = target; + + // Skip the boolean and the target + target = arguments[ i ] || {}; + i++; + } + + // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) + if ( typeof target !== "object" && !isFunction( target ) ) { + target = {}; + } + + // Extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed + if ( i === length ) { + target = this; + i--; + } + + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + + // Only deal with non-null/undefined values + if ( ( options = arguments[ i ] ) != null ) { + + // Extend the base object + for ( name in options ) { + copy = options[ name ]; + + // Prevent Object.prototype pollution + // Prevent never-ending loop + if ( name === "__proto__" || target === copy ) { + continue; + } + + // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays + if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject( copy ) || + ( copyIsArray = Array.isArray( copy ) ) ) ) { + src = target[ name ]; + + // Ensure proper type for the source value + if ( copyIsArray && !Array.isArray( src ) ) { + clone = []; + } else if ( !copyIsArray && !jQuery.isPlainObject( src ) ) { + clone = {}; + } else { + clone = src; + } + copyIsArray = false; + + // Never move original objects, clone them + target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); + + // Don't bring in undefined values + } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { + target[ name ] = copy; + } + } + } + } + + // Return the modified object + return target; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page + expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ), + + // Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module + isReady: true, + + error: function( msg ) { + throw new Error( msg ); + }, + + noop: function() {}, + + isPlainObject: function( obj ) { + var proto, Ctor; + + // Detect obvious negatives + // Use toString instead of jQuery.type to catch host objects + if ( !obj || toString.call( obj ) !== "[object Object]" ) { + return false; + } + + proto = getProto( obj ); + + // Objects with no prototype (e.g., `Object.create( null )`) are plain + if ( !proto ) { + return true; + } + + // Objects with prototype are plain iff they were constructed by a global Object function + Ctor = hasOwn.call( proto, "constructor" ) && proto.constructor; + return typeof Ctor === "function" && fnToString.call( Ctor ) === ObjectFunctionString; + }, + + isEmptyObject: function( obj ) { + var name; + + for ( name in obj ) { + return false; + } + return true; + }, + + // Evaluates a script in a provided context; falls back to the global one + // if not specified. + globalEval: function( code, options, doc ) { + DOMEval( code, { nonce: options && options.nonce }, doc ); + }, + + each: function( obj, callback ) { + var length, i = 0; + + if ( isArrayLike( obj ) ) { + length = obj.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } else { + for ( i in obj ) { + if ( callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] ) === false ) { + break; + } + } + } + + return obj; + }, + + // results is for internal usage only + makeArray: function( arr, results ) { + var ret = results || []; + + if ( arr != null ) { + if ( isArrayLike( Object( arr ) ) ) { + jQuery.merge( ret, + typeof arr === "string" ? + [ arr ] : arr + ); + } else { + push.call( ret, arr ); + } + } + + return ret; + }, + + inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) { + return arr == null ? -1 : indexOf.call( arr, elem, i ); + }, + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + merge: function( first, second ) { + var len = +second.length, + j = 0, + i = first.length; + + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + first[ i++ ] = second[ j ]; + } + + first.length = i; + + return first; + }, + + grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) { + var callbackInverse, + matches = [], + i = 0, + length = elems.length, + callbackExpect = !invert; + + // Go through the array, only saving the items + // that pass the validator function + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i ); + if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) { + matches.push( elems[ i ] ); + } + } + + return matches; + }, + + // arg is for internal usage only + map: function( elems, callback, arg ) { + var length, value, + i = 0, + ret = []; + + // Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values + if ( isArrayLike( elems ) ) { + length = elems.length; + for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + + // Go through every key on the object, + } else { + for ( i in elems ) { + value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg ); + + if ( value != null ) { + ret.push( value ); + } + } + } + + // Flatten any nested arrays + return flat( ret ); + }, + + // A global GUID counter for objects + guid: 1, + + // jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their + // properties to it so it needs to exist. + support: support +} ); + +if ( typeof Symbol === "function" ) { + jQuery.fn[ Symbol.iterator ] = arr[ Symbol.iterator ]; +} + +// Populate the class2type map +jQuery.each( "Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split( " " ), +function( _i, name ) { + class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase(); +} ); + +function isArrayLike( obj ) { + + // Support: real iOS 8.2 only (not reproducible in simulator) + // `in` check used to prevent JIT error (gh-2145) + // hasOwn isn't used here due to false negatives + // regarding Nodelist length in IE + var length = !!obj && "length" in obj && obj.length, + type = toType( obj ); + + if ( isFunction( obj ) || isWindow( obj ) ) { + return false; + } + + return type === "array" || length === 0 || + typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj; +} +var Sizzle = +/*! + * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v2.3.5 + * https://sizzlejs.com/ + * + * Copyright JS Foundation and other contributors + * Released under the MIT license + * https://js.foundation/ + * + * Date: 2020-03-14 + */ +( function( window ) { +var i, + support, + Expr, + getText, + isXML, + tokenize, + compile, + select, + outermostContext, + sortInput, + hasDuplicate, + + // Local document vars + setDocument, + document, + docElem, + documentIsHTML, + rbuggyQSA, + rbuggyMatches, + matches, + contains, + + // Instance-specific data + expando = "sizzle" + 1 * new Date(), + preferredDoc = window.document, + dirruns = 0, + done = 0, + classCache = createCache(), + tokenCache = createCache(), + compilerCache = createCache(), + nonnativeSelectorCache = createCache(), + sortOrder = function( a, b ) { + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + } + return 0; + }, + + // Instance methods + hasOwn = ( {} ).hasOwnProperty, + arr = [], + pop = arr.pop, + pushNative = arr.push, + push = arr.push, + slice = arr.slice, + + // Use a stripped-down indexOf as it's faster than native + // https://jsperf.com/thor-indexof-vs-for/5 + indexOf = function( list, elem ) { + var i = 0, + len = list.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( list[ i ] === elem ) { + return i; + } + } + return -1; + }, + + booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|" + + "ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped", + + // Regular expressions + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace + whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]", + + // https://www.w3.org/TR/css-syntax-3/#ident-token-diagram + identifier = "(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + + "?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+", + + // Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors + attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + identifier + ")(?:" + whitespace + + + // Operator (capture 2) + "*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + + + // "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] + // or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]" + "*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + + whitespace + "*\\]", + + pseudos = ":(" + identifier + ")(?:\\((" + + + // To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments: + // 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5) + "('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" + + + // 2. simple (capture 6) + "((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" + + + // 3. anything else (capture 2) + ".*" + + ")\\)|)", + + // Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter + rwhitespace = new RegExp( whitespace + "+", "g" ), + rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + + whitespace + "+$", "g" ), + + rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ), + rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + + "*" ), + rdescend = new RegExp( whitespace + "|>" ), + + rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ), + ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ), + + matchExpr = { + "ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + identifier + ")" ), + "CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + identifier + ")" ), + "TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + identifier + "|[*])" ), + "ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ), + "PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ), + "CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + + whitespace + "*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + + whitespace + "*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ), + "bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ), + + // For use in libraries implementing .is() + // We use this for POS matching in `select` + "needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" + whitespace + + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" ) + }, + + rhtml = /HTML$/i, + rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rheader = /^h\d$/i, + + rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/, + + // Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors + rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/, + + rsibling = /[+~]/, + + // CSS escapes + // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters + runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])", "g" ), + funescape = function( escape, nonHex ) { + var high = "0x" + escape.slice( 1 ) - 0x10000; + + return nonHex ? + + // Strip the backslash prefix from a non-hex escape sequence + nonHex : + + // Replace a hexadecimal escape sequence with the encoded Unicode code point + // Support: IE <=11+ + // For values outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), manually construct a + // surrogate pair + high < 0 ? + String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) : + String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 ); + }, + + // CSS string/identifier serialization + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#common-serializing-idioms + rcssescape = /([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g, + fcssescape = function( ch, asCodePoint ) { + if ( asCodePoint ) { + + // U+0000 NULL becomes U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER + if ( ch === "\0" ) { + return "\uFFFD"; + } + + // Control characters and (dependent upon position) numbers get escaped as code points + return ch.slice( 0, -1 ) + "\\" + + ch.charCodeAt( ch.length - 1 ).toString( 16 ) + " "; + } + + // Other potentially-special ASCII characters get backslash-escaped + return "\\" + ch; + }, + + // Used for iframes + // See setDocument() + // Removing the function wrapper causes a "Permission Denied" + // error in IE + unloadHandler = function() { + setDocument(); + }, + + inDisabledFieldset = addCombinator( + function( elem ) { + return elem.disabled === true && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "fieldset"; + }, + { dir: "parentNode", next: "legend" } + ); + +// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList ) +try { + push.apply( + ( arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes ) ), + preferredDoc.childNodes + ); + + // Support: Android<4.0 + // Detect silently failing push.apply + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType; +} catch ( e ) { + push = { apply: arr.length ? + + // Leverage slice if possible + function( target, els ) { + pushNative.apply( target, slice.call( els ) ); + } : + + // Support: IE<9 + // Otherwise append directly + function( target, els ) { + var j = target.length, + i = 0; + + // Can't trust NodeList.length + while ( ( target[ j++ ] = els[ i++ ] ) ) {} + target.length = j - 1; + } + }; +} + +function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var m, i, elem, nid, match, groups, newSelector, + newContext = context && context.ownerDocument, + + // nodeType defaults to 9, since context defaults to document + nodeType = context ? context.nodeType : 9; + + results = results || []; + + // Return early from calls with invalid selector or context + if ( typeof selector !== "string" || !selector || + nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 && nodeType !== 11 ) { + + return results; + } + + // Try to shortcut find operations (as opposed to filters) in HTML documents + if ( !seed ) { + setDocument( context ); + context = context || document; + + if ( documentIsHTML ) { + + // If the selector is sufficiently simple, try using a "get*By*" DOM method + // (excepting DocumentFragment context, where the methods don't exist) + if ( nodeType !== 11 && ( match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ) ) ) { + + // ID selector + if ( ( m = match[ 1 ] ) ) { + + // Document context + if ( nodeType === 9 ) { + if ( ( elem = context.getElementById( m ) ) ) { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( elem.id === m ) { + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } else { + return results; + } + + // Element context + } else { + + // Support: IE, Opera, Webkit + // TODO: identify versions + // getElementById can match elements by name instead of ID + if ( newContext && ( elem = newContext.getElementById( m ) ) && + contains( context, elem ) && + elem.id === m ) { + + results.push( elem ); + return results; + } + } + + // Type selector + } else if ( match[ 2 ] ) { + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) ); + return results; + + // Class selector + } else if ( ( m = match[ 3 ] ) && support.getElementsByClassName && + context.getElementsByClassName ) { + + push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) ); + return results; + } + } + + // Take advantage of querySelectorAll + if ( support.qsa && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ selector + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector ) ) && + + // Support: IE 8 only + // Exclude object elements + ( nodeType !== 1 || context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) ) { + + newSelector = selector; + newContext = context; + + // qSA considers elements outside a scoping root when evaluating child or + // descendant combinators, which is not what we want. + // In such cases, we work around the behavior by prefixing every selector in the + // list with an ID selector referencing the scope context. + // The technique has to be used as well when a leading combinator is used + // as such selectors are not recognized by querySelectorAll. + // Thanks to Andrew Dupont for this technique. + if ( nodeType === 1 && + ( rdescend.test( selector ) || rcombinators.test( selector ) ) ) { + + // Expand context for sibling selectors + newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context; + + // We can use :scope instead of the ID hack if the browser + // supports it & if we're not changing the context. + if ( newContext !== context || !support.scope ) { + + // Capture the context ID, setting it first if necessary + if ( ( nid = context.getAttribute( "id" ) ) ) { + nid = nid.replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); + } else { + context.setAttribute( "id", ( nid = expando ) ); + } + } + + // Prefix every selector in the list + groups = tokenize( selector ); + i = groups.length; + while ( i-- ) { + groups[ i ] = ( nid ? "#" + nid : ":scope" ) + " " + + toSelector( groups[ i ] ); + } + newSelector = groups.join( "," ); + } + + try { + push.apply( results, + newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector ) + ); + return results; + } catch ( qsaError ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( selector, true ); + } finally { + if ( nid === expando ) { + context.removeAttribute( "id" ); + } + } + } + } + } + + // All others + return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed ); +} + +/** + * Create key-value caches of limited size + * @returns {function(string, object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with + * property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength) + * deleting the oldest entry + */ +function createCache() { + var keys = []; + + function cache( key, value ) { + + // Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157) + if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) { + + // Only keep the most recent entries + delete cache[ keys.shift() ]; + } + return ( cache[ key + " " ] = value ); + } + return cache; +} + +/** + * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle + * @param {Function} fn The function to mark + */ +function markFunction( fn ) { + fn[ expando ] = true; + return fn; +} + +/** + * Support testing using an element + * @param {Function} fn Passed the created element and returns a boolean result + */ +function assert( fn ) { + var el = document.createElement( "fieldset" ); + + try { + return !!fn( el ); + } catch ( e ) { + return false; + } finally { + + // Remove from its parent by default + if ( el.parentNode ) { + el.parentNode.removeChild( el ); + } + + // release memory in IE + el = null; + } +} + +/** + * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs + * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes + * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied + */ +function addHandle( attrs, handler ) { + var arr = attrs.split( "|" ), + i = arr.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + Expr.attrHandle[ arr[ i ] ] = handler; + } +} + +/** + * Checks document order of two siblings + * @param {Element} a + * @param {Element} b + * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b + */ +function siblingCheck( a, b ) { + var cur = b && a, + diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 && + a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex; + + // Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes + if ( diff ) { + return diff; + } + + // Check if b follows a + if ( cur ) { + while ( ( cur = cur.nextSibling ) ) { + if ( cur === b ) { + return -1; + } + } + } + + return a ? 1 : -1; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types + * @param {String} type + */ +function createInputPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons + * @param {String} type + */ +function createButtonPseudo( type ) { + return function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( name === "input" || name === "button" ) && elem.type === type; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for :enabled/:disabled + * @param {Boolean} disabled true for :disabled; false for :enabled + */ +function createDisabledPseudo( disabled ) { + + // Known :disabled false positives: fieldset[disabled] > legend:nth-of-type(n+2) :can-disable + return function( elem ) { + + // Only certain elements can match :enabled or :disabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-enabled + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/scripting.html#selector-disabled + if ( "form" in elem ) { + + // Check for inherited disabledness on relevant non-disabled elements: + // * listed form-associated elements in a disabled fieldset + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#category-listed + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-fe-disabled + // * option elements in a disabled optgroup + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#concept-option-disabled + // All such elements have a "form" property. + if ( elem.parentNode && elem.disabled === false ) { + + // Option elements defer to a parent optgroup if present + if ( "label" in elem ) { + if ( "label" in elem.parentNode ) { + return elem.parentNode.disabled === disabled; + } else { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + } + + // Support: IE 6 - 11 + // Use the isDisabled shortcut property to check for disabled fieldset ancestors + return elem.isDisabled === disabled || + + // Where there is no isDisabled, check manually + /* jshint -W018 */ + elem.isDisabled !== !disabled && + inDisabledFieldset( elem ) === disabled; + } + + return elem.disabled === disabled; + + // Try to winnow out elements that can't be disabled before trusting the disabled property. + // Some victims get caught in our net (label, legend, menu, track), but it shouldn't + // even exist on them, let alone have a boolean value. + } else if ( "label" in elem ) { + return elem.disabled === disabled; + } + + // Remaining elements are neither :enabled nor :disabled + return false; + }; +} + +/** + * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals + * @param {Function} fn + */ +function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) { + return markFunction( function( argument ) { + argument = +argument; + return markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var j, + matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ), + i = matchIndexes.length; + + // Match elements found at the specified indexes + while ( i-- ) { + if ( seed[ ( j = matchIndexes[ i ] ) ] ) { + seed[ j ] = !( matches[ j ] = seed[ j ] ); + } + } + } ); + } ); +} + +/** + * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context + * @param {Element|Object=} context + * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value + */ +function testContext( context ) { + return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" && context; +} + +// Expose support vars for convenience +support = Sizzle.support = {}; + +/** + * Detects XML nodes + * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document + * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node + */ +isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) { + var namespace = elem.namespaceURI, + docElem = ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ).documentElement; + + // Support: IE <=8 + // Assume HTML when documentElement doesn't yet exist, such as inside loading iframes + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/4833 + return !rhtml.test( namespace || docElem && docElem.nodeName || "HTML" ); +}; + +/** + * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document + * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document + * @returns {Object} Returns the current document + */ +setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) { + var hasCompare, subWindow, + doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc; + + // Return early if doc is invalid or already selected + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( doc == document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) { + return document; + } + + // Update global variables + document = doc; + docElem = document.documentElement; + documentIsHTML = !isXML( document ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+ + // Accessing iframe documents after unload throws "permission denied" errors (jQuery #13936) + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( preferredDoc != document && + ( subWindow = document.defaultView ) && subWindow.top !== subWindow ) { + + // Support: IE 11, Edge + if ( subWindow.addEventListener ) { + subWindow.addEventListener( "unload", unloadHandler, false ); + + // Support: IE 9 - 10 only + } else if ( subWindow.attachEvent ) { + subWindow.attachEvent( "onunload", unloadHandler ); + } + } + + // Support: IE 8 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, Chrome <=16 - 25 only, Firefox <=3.6 - 31 only, + // Safari 4 - 5 only, Opera <=11.6 - 12.x only + // IE/Edge & older browsers don't support the :scope pseudo-class. + // Support: Safari 6.0 only + // Safari 6.0 supports :scope but it's an alias of :root there. + support.scope = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ); + return typeof el.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" && + !el.querySelectorAll( ":scope fieldset div" ).length; + } ); + + /* Attributes + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Support: IE<8 + // Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties + // (excepting IE8 booleans) + support.attributes = assert( function( el ) { + el.className = "i"; + return !el.getAttribute( "className" ); + } ); + + /* getElement(s)By* + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements + support.getElementsByTagName = assert( function( el ) { + el.appendChild( document.createComment( "" ) ); + return !el.getElementsByTagName( "*" ).length; + } ); + + // Support: IE<9 + support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( document.getElementsByClassName ); + + // Support: IE<10 + // Check if getElementById returns elements by name + // The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programmatically-set names, + // so use a roundabout getElementsByName test + support.getById = assert( function( el ) { + docElem.appendChild( el ).id = expando; + return !document.getElementsByName || !document.getElementsByName( expando ).length; + } ); + + // ID filter and find + if ( support.getById ) { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "id" ) === attrId; + }; + }; + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var elem = context.getElementById( id ); + return elem ? [ elem ] : []; + } + }; + } else { + Expr.filter[ "ID" ] = function( id ) { + var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + return node && node.value === attrId; + }; + }; + + // Support: IE 6 - 7 only + // getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut + Expr.find[ "ID" ] = function( id, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementById !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + var node, i, elems, + elem = context.getElementById( id ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Verify the id attribute + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + + // Fall back on getElementsByName + elems = context.getElementsByName( id ); + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = elems[ i++ ] ) ) { + node = elem.getAttributeNode( "id" ); + if ( node && node.value === id ) { + return [ elem ]; + } + } + } + + return []; + } + }; + } + + // Tag + Expr.find[ "TAG" ] = support.getElementsByTagName ? + function( tag, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + return context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // DocumentFragment nodes don't have gEBTN + } else if ( support.qsa ) { + return context.querySelectorAll( tag ); + } + } : + + function( tag, context ) { + var elem, + tmp = [], + i = 0, + + // By happy coincidence, a (broken) gEBTN appears on DocumentFragment nodes too + results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag ); + + // Filter out possible comments + if ( tag === "*" ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + tmp.push( elem ); + } + } + + return tmp; + } + return results; + }; + + // Class + Expr.find[ "CLASS" ] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) { + if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== "undefined" && documentIsHTML ) { + return context.getElementsByClassName( className ); + } + }; + + /* QSA/matchesSelector + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // QSA and matchesSelector support + + // matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5) + rbuggyMatches = []; + + // qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21) + // We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error + // whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe + // So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error + // See https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378 + rbuggyQSA = []; + + if ( ( support.qsa = rnative.test( document.querySelectorAll ) ) ) { + + // Build QSA regex + // Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini + assert( function( el ) { + + var input; + + // Select is set to empty string on purpose + // This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly + // setting a boolean content attribute, + // since its presence should be enough + // https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359 + docElem.appendChild( el ).innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16 + // Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *= + // The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT + // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[msallowcapture^='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Support: IE8 + // Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[selected]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" ); + } + + // Support: Chrome<29, Android<4.4, Safari<7.0+, iOS<7.0+, PhantomJS<1.9.8+ + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[id~=" + expando + "-]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "~=" ); + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE 11/Edge don't find elements on a `[name='']` query in some cases. + // Adding a temporary attribute to the document before the selection works + // around the issue. + // Interestingly, IE 10 & older don't seem to have the issue. + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "" ); + el.appendChild( input ); + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "[name='']" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*name" + whitespace + "*=" + + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" ); + } + + // Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( ":checked" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":checked" ); + } + + // Support: Safari 8+, iOS 8+ + // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=136851 + // In-page `selector#id sibling-combinator selector` fails + if ( !el.querySelectorAll( "a#" + expando + "+*" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ".#.+[+~]" ); + } + + // Support: Firefox <=3.6 - 5 only + // Old Firefox doesn't throw on a badly-escaped identifier. + el.querySelectorAll( "\\\f" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( "[\\r\\n\\f]" ); + } ); + + assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = "" + + ""; + + // Support: Windows 8 Native Apps + // The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment + var input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" ); + el.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" ); + + // Support: IE8 + // Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute + if ( el.querySelectorAll( "[name=d]" ).length ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" ); + } + + // FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled) + // IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":enabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: IE9-11+ + // IE's :disabled selector does not pick up the children of disabled fieldsets + docElem.appendChild( el ).disabled = true; + if ( el.querySelectorAll( ":disabled" ).length !== 2 ) { + rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" ); + } + + // Support: Opera 10 - 11 only + // Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos + el.querySelectorAll( "*,:x" ); + rbuggyQSA.push( ",.*:" ); + } ); + } + + if ( ( support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( ( matches = docElem.matches || + docElem.webkitMatchesSelector || + docElem.mozMatchesSelector || + docElem.oMatchesSelector || + docElem.msMatchesSelector ) ) ) ) { + + assert( function( el ) { + + // Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector + // on a disconnected node (IE 9) + support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( el, "*" ); + + // This should fail with an exception + // Gecko does not error, returns false instead + matches.call( el, "[s!='']:x" ); + rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos ); + } ); + } + + rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join( "|" ) ); + rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join( "|" ) ); + + /* Contains + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition ); + + // Element contains another + // Purposefully self-exclusive + // As in, an element does not contain itself + contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ? + function( a, b ) { + var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a, + bup = b && b.parentNode; + return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && ( + adown.contains ? + adown.contains( bup ) : + a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16 + ) ); + } : + function( a, b ) { + if ( b ) { + while ( ( b = b.parentNode ) ) { + if ( b === a ) { + return true; + } + } + } + return false; + }; + + /* Sorting + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ + + // Document order sorting + sortOrder = hasCompare ? + function( a, b ) { + + // Flag for duplicate removal + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + // Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition + var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition; + if ( compare ) { + return compare; + } + + // Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) == ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ? + a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) : + + // Otherwise we know they are disconnected + 1; + + // Disconnected nodes + if ( compare & 1 || + ( !support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare ) ) { + + // Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( a == document || a.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, a ) ) { + return -1; + } + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( b == document || b.ownerDocument == preferredDoc && + contains( preferredDoc, b ) ) { + return 1; + } + + // Maintain original order + return sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + } + + return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1; + } : + function( a, b ) { + + // Exit early if the nodes are identical + if ( a === b ) { + hasDuplicate = true; + return 0; + } + + var cur, + i = 0, + aup = a.parentNode, + bup = b.parentNode, + ap = [ a ], + bp = [ b ]; + + // Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected + if ( !aup || !bup ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + return a == document ? -1 : + b == document ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + aup ? -1 : + bup ? 1 : + sortInput ? + ( indexOf( sortInput, a ) - indexOf( sortInput, b ) ) : + 0; + + // If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check + } else if ( aup === bup ) { + return siblingCheck( a, b ); + } + + // Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison + cur = a; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + ap.unshift( cur ); + } + cur = b; + while ( ( cur = cur.parentNode ) ) { + bp.unshift( cur ); + } + + // Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy + while ( ap[ i ] === bp[ i ] ) { + i++; + } + + return i ? + + // Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor + siblingCheck( ap[ i ], bp[ i ] ) : + + // Otherwise nodes in our document sort first + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + /* eslint-disable eqeqeq */ + ap[ i ] == preferredDoc ? -1 : + bp[ i ] == preferredDoc ? 1 : + /* eslint-enable eqeqeq */ + 0; + }; + + return document; +}; + +Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) { + return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements ); +}; + +Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) { + setDocument( elem ); + + if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML && + !nonnativeSelectorCache[ expr + " " ] && + ( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) && + ( !rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) { + + try { + var ret = matches.call( elem, expr ); + + // IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes + if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch || + + // As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document + // fragment in IE 9 + elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) { + return ret; + } + } catch ( e ) { + nonnativeSelectorCache( expr, true ); + } + } + + return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0; +}; + +Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) != document ) { + setDocument( context ); + } + return contains( context, elem ); +}; + +Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) { + + // Set document vars if needed + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + } + + var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ], + + // Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807) + val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ? + fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) : + undefined; + + return val !== undefined ? + val : + support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ? + elem.getAttribute( name ) : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; +}; + +Sizzle.escape = function( sel ) { + return ( sel + "" ).replace( rcssescape, fcssescape ); +}; + +Sizzle.error = function( msg ) { + throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg ); +}; + +/** + * Document sorting and removing duplicates + * @param {ArrayLike} results + */ +Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) { + var elem, + duplicates = [], + j = 0, + i = 0; + + // Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence + hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates; + sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 ); + results.sort( sortOrder ); + + if ( hasDuplicate ) { + while ( ( elem = results[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem === results[ i ] ) { + j = duplicates.push( i ); + } + } + while ( j-- ) { + results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 ); + } + } + + // Clear input after sorting to release objects + // See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225 + sortInput = null; + + return results; +}; + +/** + * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes + * @param {Array|Element} elem + */ +getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) { + var node, + ret = "", + i = 0, + nodeType = elem.nodeType; + + if ( !nodeType ) { + + // If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array + while ( ( node = elem[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Do not traverse comment nodes + ret += getText( node ); + } + } else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) { + + // Use textContent for elements + // innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153) + if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) { + return elem.textContent; + } else { + + // Traverse its children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + ret += getText( elem ); + } + } + } else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) { + return elem.nodeValue; + } + + // Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes + + return ret; +}; + +Expr = Sizzle.selectors = { + + // Can be adjusted by the user + cacheLength: 50, + + createPseudo: markFunction, + + match: matchExpr, + + attrHandle: {}, + + find: {}, + + relative: { + ">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true }, + " ": { dir: "parentNode" }, + "+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true }, + "~": { dir: "previousSibling" } + }, + + preFilter: { + "ATTR": function( match ) { + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].replace( runescape, funescape ); + + // Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted + match[ 3 ] = ( match[ 3 ] || match[ 4 ] || + match[ 5 ] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape ); + + if ( match[ 2 ] === "~=" ) { + match[ 3 ] = " " + match[ 3 ] + " "; + } + + return match.slice( 0, 4 ); + }, + + "CHILD": function( match ) { + + /* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"] + 1 type (only|nth|...) + 2 what (child|of-type) + 3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...) + 4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|) + 5 sign of xn-component + 6 x of xn-component + 7 sign of y-component + 8 y of y-component + */ + match[ 1 ] = match[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + + if ( match[ 1 ].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) { + + // nth-* requires argument + if ( !match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + // numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD + // remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1 + match[ 4 ] = +( match[ 4 ] ? + match[ 5 ] + ( match[ 6 ] || 1 ) : + 2 * ( match[ 3 ] === "even" || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ) ); + match[ 5 ] = +( ( match[ 7 ] + match[ 8 ] ) || match[ 3 ] === "odd" ); + + // other types prohibit arguments + } else if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + Sizzle.error( match[ 0 ] ); + } + + return match; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( match ) { + var excess, + unquoted = !match[ 6 ] && match[ 2 ]; + + if ( matchExpr[ "CHILD" ].test( match[ 0 ] ) ) { + return null; + } + + // Accept quoted arguments as-is + if ( match[ 3 ] ) { + match[ 2 ] = match[ 4 ] || match[ 5 ] || ""; + + // Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments + } else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) && + + // Get excess from tokenize (recursively) + ( excess = tokenize( unquoted, true ) ) && + + // advance to the next closing parenthesis + ( excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length ) ) { + + // excess is a negative index + match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0, excess ); + match[ 2 ] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess ); + } + + // Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument) + return match.slice( 0, 3 ); + } + }, + + filter: { + + "TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) { + var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return nodeNameSelector === "*" ? + function() { + return true; + } : + function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName; + }; + }, + + "CLASS": function( className ) { + var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ]; + + return pattern || + ( pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" ) ) && classCache( + className, function( elem ) { + return pattern.test( + typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || + typeof elem.getAttribute !== "undefined" && + elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || + "" + ); + } ); + }, + + "ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) { + return function( elem ) { + var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name ); + + if ( result == null ) { + return operator === "!="; + } + if ( !operator ) { + return true; + } + + result += ""; + + /* eslint-disable max-len */ + + return operator === "=" ? result === check : + operator === "!=" ? result !== check : + operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 : + operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check : + operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result.replace( rwhitespace, " " ) + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 : + operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" : + false; + /* eslint-enable max-len */ + + }; + }, + + "CHILD": function( type, what, _argument, first, last ) { + var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth", + forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last", + ofType = what === "of-type"; + + return first === 1 && last === 0 ? + + // Shortcut for :nth-*(n) + function( elem ) { + return !!elem.parentNode; + } : + + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + var cache, uniqueCache, outerCache, node, nodeIndex, start, + dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling", + parent = elem.parentNode, + name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(), + useCache = !xml && !ofType, + diff = false; + + if ( parent ) { + + // :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type) + if ( simple ) { + while ( dir ) { + node = elem; + while ( ( node = node[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) { + + return false; + } + } + + // Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so) + start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling"; + } + return true; + } + + start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ]; + + // non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent` + if ( forward && useCache ) { + + // Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = parent; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex && cache[ 2 ]; + node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ]; + + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + + // Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + // When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break + if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) { + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ]; + break; + } + } + + } else { + + // Use previously-cached element index if available + if ( useCache ) { + + // ...in a gzip-friendly way + node = elem; + outerCache = node[ expando ] || ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + cache = uniqueCache[ type ] || []; + nodeIndex = cache[ 0 ] === dirruns && cache[ 1 ]; + diff = nodeIndex; + } + + // xml :nth-child(...) + // or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...) + if ( diff === false ) { + + // Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start + while ( ( node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] || + ( diff = nodeIndex = 0 ) || start.pop() ) ) { + + if ( ( ofType ? + node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : + node.nodeType === 1 ) && + ++diff ) { + + // Cache the index of each encountered element + if ( useCache ) { + outerCache = node[ expando ] || + ( node[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ node.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + uniqueCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ]; + } + + if ( node === elem ) { + break; + } + } + } + } + } + + // Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size + diff -= last; + return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 ); + } + }; + }, + + "PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) { + + // pseudo-class names are case-insensitive + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes + // Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters + // Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos + var args, + fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] || + Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo ); + + // The user may use createPseudo to indicate that + // arguments are needed to create the filter function + // just as Sizzle does + if ( fn[ expando ] ) { + return fn( argument ); + } + + // But maintain support for old signatures + if ( fn.length > 1 ) { + args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ]; + return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches ) { + var idx, + matched = fn( seed, argument ), + i = matched.length; + while ( i-- ) { + idx = indexOf( seed, matched[ i ] ); + seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[ i ] ); + } + } ) : + function( elem ) { + return fn( elem, 0, args ); + }; + } + + return fn; + } + }, + + pseudos: { + + // Potentially complex pseudos + "not": markFunction( function( selector ) { + + // Trim the selector passed to compile + // to avoid treating leading and trailing + // spaces as combinators + var input = [], + results = [], + matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) ); + + return matcher[ expando ] ? + markFunction( function( seed, matches, _context, xml ) { + var elem, + unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ), + i = seed.length; + + // Match elements unmatched by `matcher` + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + seed[ i ] = !( matches[ i ] = elem ); + } + } + } ) : + function( elem, _context, xml ) { + input[ 0 ] = elem; + matcher( input, null, xml, results ); + + // Don't keep the element (issue #299) + input[ 0 ] = null; + return !results.pop(); + }; + } ), + + "has": markFunction( function( selector ) { + return function( elem ) { + return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0; + }; + } ), + + "contains": markFunction( function( text ) { + text = text.replace( runescape, funescape ); + return function( elem ) { + return ( elem.textContent || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1; + }; + } ), + + // "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector + // is based solely on the element's language value + // being equal to the identifier C, + // or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-". + // The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively. + // The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name." + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo + "lang": markFunction( function( lang ) { + + // lang value must be a valid identifier + if ( !ridentifier.test( lang || "" ) ) { + Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang ); + } + lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase(); + return function( elem ) { + var elemLang; + do { + if ( ( elemLang = documentIsHTML ? + elem.lang : + elem.getAttribute( "xml:lang" ) || elem.getAttribute( "lang" ) ) ) { + + elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase(); + return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0; + } + } while ( ( elem = elem.parentNode ) && elem.nodeType === 1 ); + return false; + }; + } ), + + // Miscellaneous + "target": function( elem ) { + var hash = window.location && window.location.hash; + return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id; + }, + + "root": function( elem ) { + return elem === docElem; + }, + + "focus": function( elem ) { + return elem === document.activeElement && + ( !document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus() ) && + !!( elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex ); + }, + + // Boolean properties + "enabled": createDisabledPseudo( false ), + "disabled": createDisabledPseudo( true ), + + "checked": function( elem ) { + + // In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements + // http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked + var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return ( nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked ) || + ( nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected ); + }, + + "selected": function( elem ) { + + // Accessing this property makes selected-by-default + // options in Safari work properly + if ( elem.parentNode ) { + // eslint-disable-next-line no-unused-expressions + elem.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + + return elem.selected === true; + }, + + // Contents + "empty": function( elem ) { + + // http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo + // :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5), + // but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.) + // nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children + for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) { + if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + }, + + "parent": function( elem ) { + return !Expr.pseudos[ "empty" ]( elem ); + }, + + // Element/input types + "header": function( elem ) { + return rheader.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "input": function( elem ) { + return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName ); + }, + + "button": function( elem ) { + var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button"; + }, + + "text": function( elem ) { + var attr; + return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" && + elem.type === "text" && + + // Support: IE<8 + // New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text" + ( ( attr = elem.getAttribute( "type" ) ) == null || + attr.toLowerCase() === "text" ); + }, + + // Position-in-collection + "first": createPositionalPseudo( function() { + return [ 0 ]; + } ), + + "last": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length ) { + return [ length - 1 ]; + } ), + + "eq": createPositionalPseudo( function( _matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ]; + } ), + + "even": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "odd": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length ) { + var i = 1; + for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "lt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? + argument + length : + argument > length ? + length : + argument; + for ( ; --i >= 0; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ), + + "gt": createPositionalPseudo( function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) { + var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument; + for ( ; ++i < length; ) { + matchIndexes.push( i ); + } + return matchIndexes; + } ) + } +}; + +Expr.pseudos[ "nth" ] = Expr.pseudos[ "eq" ]; + +// Add button/input type pseudos +for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i ); +} +for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) { + Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i ); +} + +// Easy API for creating new setFilters +function setFilters() {} +setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos; +Expr.setFilters = new setFilters(); + +tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) { + var matched, match, tokens, type, + soFar, groups, preFilters, + cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( cached ) { + return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 ); + } + + soFar = selector; + groups = []; + preFilters = Expr.preFilter; + + while ( soFar ) { + + // Comma and first run + if ( !matched || ( match = rcomma.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + if ( match ) { + + // Don't consume trailing commas as valid + soFar = soFar.slice( match[ 0 ].length ) || soFar; + } + groups.push( ( tokens = [] ) ); + } + + matched = false; + + // Combinators + if ( ( match = rcombinators.exec( soFar ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + + // Cast descendant combinators to space + type: match[ 0 ].replace( rtrim, " " ) + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + + // Filters + for ( type in Expr.filter ) { + if ( ( match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar ) ) && ( !preFilters[ type ] || + ( match = preFilters[ type ]( match ) ) ) ) { + matched = match.shift(); + tokens.push( { + value: matched, + type: type, + matches: match + } ); + soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length ); + } + } + + if ( !matched ) { + break; + } + } + + // Return the length of the invalid excess + // if we're just parsing + // Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens + return parseOnly ? + soFar.length : + soFar ? + Sizzle.error( selector ) : + + // Cache the tokens + tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 ); +}; + +function toSelector( tokens ) { + var i = 0, + len = tokens.length, + selector = ""; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + selector += tokens[ i ].value; + } + return selector; +} + +function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) { + var dir = combinator.dir, + skip = combinator.next, + key = skip || dir, + checkNonElements = base && key === "parentNode", + doneName = done++; + + return combinator.first ? + + // Check against closest ancestor/preceding element + function( elem, context, xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + return matcher( elem, context, xml ); + } + } + return false; + } : + + // Check against all ancestor/preceding elements + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var oldCache, uniqueCache, outerCache, + newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ]; + + // We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from combinator caching + if ( xml ) { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } else { + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) { + outerCache = elem[ expando ] || ( elem[ expando ] = {} ); + + // Support: IE <9 only + // Defend against cloned attroperties (jQuery gh-1709) + uniqueCache = outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] || + ( outerCache[ elem.uniqueID ] = {} ); + + if ( skip && skip === elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ) { + elem = elem[ dir ] || elem; + } else if ( ( oldCache = uniqueCache[ key ] ) && + oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) { + + // Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements + return ( newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ] ); + } else { + + // Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements + uniqueCache[ key ] = newCache; + + // A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking + if ( ( newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } + } + } + return false; + }; +} + +function elementMatcher( matchers ) { + return matchers.length > 1 ? + function( elem, context, xml ) { + var i = matchers.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !matchers[ i ]( elem, context, xml ) ) { + return false; + } + } + return true; + } : + matchers[ 0 ]; +} + +function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) { + var i = 0, + len = contexts.length; + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + Sizzle( selector, contexts[ i ], results ); + } + return results; +} + +function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) { + var elem, + newUnmatched = [], + i = 0, + len = unmatched.length, + mapped = map != null; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( elem = unmatched[ i ] ) ) { + if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) { + newUnmatched.push( elem ); + if ( mapped ) { + map.push( i ); + } + } + } + } + + return newUnmatched; +} + +function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) { + if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) { + postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter ); + } + if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) { + postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector ); + } + return markFunction( function( seed, results, context, xml ) { + var temp, i, elem, + preMap = [], + postMap = [], + preexisting = results.length, + + // Get initial elements from seed or context + elems = seed || multipleContexts( + selector || "*", + context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, + [] + ), + + // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization + matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ? + condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) : + elems, + + matcherOut = matcher ? + + // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results, + postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ? + + // ...intermediate processing is necessary + [] : + + // ...otherwise use results directly + results : + matcherIn; + + // Find primary matches + if ( matcher ) { + matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml ); + } + + // Apply postFilter + if ( postFilter ) { + temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap ); + postFilter( temp, [], context, xml ); + + // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn + i = temp.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = temp[ i ] ) ) { + matcherOut[ postMap[ i ] ] = !( matcherIn[ postMap[ i ] ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + if ( seed ) { + if ( postFinder || preFilter ) { + if ( postFinder ) { + + // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts + temp = []; + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) ) { + + // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match + temp.push( ( matcherIn[ i ] = elem ) ); + } + } + postFinder( null, ( matcherOut = [] ), temp, xml ); + } + + // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized + i = matcherOut.length; + while ( i-- ) { + if ( ( elem = matcherOut[ i ] ) && + ( temp = postFinder ? indexOf( seed, elem ) : preMap[ i ] ) > -1 ) { + + seed[ temp ] = !( results[ temp ] = elem ); + } + } + } + + // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined + } else { + matcherOut = condense( + matcherOut === results ? + matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) : + matcherOut + ); + if ( postFinder ) { + postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml ); + } else { + push.apply( results, matcherOut ); + } + } + } ); +} + +function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) { + var checkContext, matcher, j, + len = tokens.length, + leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[ 0 ].type ], + implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[ " " ], + i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0, + + // The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s) + matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return elem === checkContext; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) { + return indexOf( checkContext, elem ) > -1; + }, implicitRelative, true ), + matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) { + var ret = ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || ( + ( checkContext = context ).nodeType ? + matchContext( elem, context, xml ) : + matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) ); + + // Avoid hanging onto element (issue #299) + checkContext = null; + return ret; + } ]; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( ( matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[ i ].type ] ) ) { + matchers = [ addCombinator( elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher ) ]; + } else { + matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[ i ].type ].apply( null, tokens[ i ].matches ); + + // Return special upon seeing a positional matcher + if ( matcher[ expando ] ) { + + // Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling + j = ++i; + for ( ; j < len; j++ ) { + if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[ j ].type ] ) { + break; + } + } + return setMatcher( + i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ), + i > 1 && toSelector( + + // If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*` + tokens + .slice( 0, i - 1 ) + .concat( { value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" } ) + ).replace( rtrim, "$1" ), + matcher, + i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ), + j < len && matcherFromTokens( ( tokens = tokens.slice( j ) ) ), + j < len && toSelector( tokens ) + ); + } + matchers.push( matcher ); + } + } + + return elementMatcher( matchers ); +} + +function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) { + var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0, + byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0, + superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) { + var elem, j, matcher, + matchedCount = 0, + i = "0", + unmatched = seed && [], + setMatched = [], + contextBackup = outermostContext, + + // We must always have either seed elements or outermost context + elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find[ "TAG" ]( "*", outermost ), + + // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher + dirrunsUnique = ( dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1 ), + len = elems.length; + + if ( outermost ) { + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + outermostContext = context == document || context || outermost; + } + + // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results + // Support: IE<9, Safari + // Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: ) matching elements by id + for ( ; i !== len && ( elem = elems[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( byElement && elem ) { + j = 0; + + // Support: IE 11+, Edge 17 - 18+ + // IE/Edge sometimes throw a "Permission denied" error when strict-comparing + // two documents; shallow comparisons work. + // eslint-disable-next-line eqeqeq + if ( !context && elem.ownerDocument != document ) { + setDocument( elem ); + xml = !documentIsHTML; + } + while ( ( matcher = elementMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( matcher( elem, context || document, xml ) ) { + results.push( elem ); + break; + } + } + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + } + } + + // Track unmatched elements for set filters + if ( bySet ) { + + // They will have gone through all possible matchers + if ( ( elem = !matcher && elem ) ) { + matchedCount--; + } + + // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not + if ( seed ) { + unmatched.push( elem ); + } + } + } + + // `i` is now the count of elements visited above, and adding it to `matchedCount` + // makes the latter nonnegative. + matchedCount += i; + + // Apply set filters to unmatched elements + // NOTE: This can be skipped if there are no unmatched elements (i.e., `matchedCount` + // equals `i`), unless we didn't visit _any_ elements in the above loop because we have + // no element matchers and no seed. + // Incrementing an initially-string "0" `i` allows `i` to remain a string only in that + // case, which will result in a "00" `matchedCount` that differs from `i` but is also + // numerically zero. + if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( matcher = setMatchers[ j++ ] ) ) { + matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml ); + } + + if ( seed ) { + + // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting + if ( matchedCount > 0 ) { + while ( i-- ) { + if ( !( unmatched[ i ] || setMatched[ i ] ) ) { + setMatched[ i ] = pop.call( results ); + } + } + } + + // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches + setMatched = condense( setMatched ); + } + + // Add matches to results + push.apply( results, setMatched ); + + // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting + if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 && + ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) { + + Sizzle.uniqueSort( results ); + } + } + + // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers + if ( outermost ) { + dirruns = dirrunsUnique; + outermostContext = contextBackup; + } + + return unmatched; + }; + + return bySet ? + markFunction( superMatcher ) : + superMatcher; +} + +compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) { + var i, + setMatchers = [], + elementMatchers = [], + cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ]; + + if ( !cached ) { + + // Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element + if ( !match ) { + match = tokenize( selector ); + } + i = match.length; + while ( i-- ) { + cached = matcherFromTokens( match[ i ] ); + if ( cached[ expando ] ) { + setMatchers.push( cached ); + } else { + elementMatchers.push( cached ); + } + } + + // Cache the compiled function + cached = compilerCache( + selector, + matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) + ); + + // Save selector and tokenization + cached.selector = selector; + } + return cached; +}; + +/** + * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled + * selector functions + * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled + * selector function built with Sizzle.compile + * @param {Element} context + * @param {Array} [results] + * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against + */ +select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) { + var i, tokens, token, type, find, + compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector, + match = !seed && tokenize( ( selector = compiled.selector || selector ) ); + + results = results || []; + + // Try to minimize operations if there is only one selector in the list and no seed + // (the latter of which guarantees us context) + if ( match.length === 1 ) { + + // Reduce context if the leading compound selector is an ID + tokens = match[ 0 ] = match[ 0 ].slice( 0 ); + if ( tokens.length > 2 && ( token = tokens[ 0 ] ).type === "ID" && + context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML && Expr.relative[ tokens[ 1 ].type ] ) { + + context = ( Expr.find[ "ID" ]( token.matches[ 0 ] + .replace( runescape, funescape ), context ) || [] )[ 0 ]; + if ( !context ) { + return results; + + // Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level + } else if ( compiled ) { + context = context.parentNode; + } + + selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length ); + } + + // Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching + i = matchExpr[ "needsContext" ].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length; + while ( i-- ) { + token = tokens[ i ]; + + // Abort if we hit a combinator + if ( Expr.relative[ ( type = token.type ) ] ) { + break; + } + if ( ( find = Expr.find[ type ] ) ) { + + // Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators + if ( ( seed = find( + token.matches[ 0 ].replace( runescape, funescape ), + rsibling.test( tokens[ 0 ].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || + context + ) ) ) { + + // If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early + tokens.splice( i, 1 ); + selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens ); + if ( !selector ) { + push.apply( results, seed ); + return results; + } + + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided + // Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above + ( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )( + seed, + context, + !documentIsHTML, + results, + !context || rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context + ); + return results; +}; + +// One-time assignments + +// Sort stability +support.sortStable = expando.split( "" ).sort( sortOrder ).join( "" ) === expando; + +// Support: Chrome 14-35+ +// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function +support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate; + +// Initialize against the default document +setDocument(); + +// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27) +// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other* +support.sortDetached = assert( function( el ) { + + // Should return 1, but returns 4 (following) + return el.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement( "fieldset" ) ) & 1; +} ); + +// Support: IE<8 +// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation" +// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "href" ) === "#"; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 ); + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value") +if ( !support.attributes || !assert( function( el ) { + el.innerHTML = ""; + el.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" ); + return el.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === ""; +} ) ) { + addHandle( "value", function( elem, _name, isXML ) { + if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) { + return elem.defaultValue; + } + } ); +} + +// Support: IE<9 +// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies +if ( !assert( function( el ) { + return el.getAttribute( "disabled" ) == null; +} ) ) { + addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var val; + if ( !isXML ) { + return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() : + ( val = elem.getAttributeNode( name ) ) && val.specified ? + val.value : + null; + } + } ); +} + +return Sizzle; + +} )( window ); + + + +jQuery.find = Sizzle; +jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors; + +// Deprecated +jQuery.expr[ ":" ] = jQuery.expr.pseudos; +jQuery.uniqueSort = jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort; +jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText; +jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML; +jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains; +jQuery.escapeSelector = Sizzle.escape; + + + + +var dir = function( elem, dir, until ) { + var matched = [], + truncate = until !== undefined; + + while ( ( elem = elem[ dir ] ) && elem.nodeType !== 9 ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + if ( truncate && jQuery( elem ).is( until ) ) { + break; + } + matched.push( elem ); + } + } + return matched; +}; + + +var siblings = function( n, elem ) { + var matched = []; + + for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) { + if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) { + matched.push( n ); + } + } + + return matched; +}; + + +var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext; + + + +function nodeName( elem, name ) { + + return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase(); + +}; +var rsingleTag = ( /^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i ); + + + +// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not +function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) { + if ( isFunction( qualifier ) ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) { + return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Single element + if ( qualifier.nodeType ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Arraylike of elements (jQuery, arguments, Array) + if ( typeof qualifier !== "string" ) { + return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) { + return ( indexOf.call( qualifier, elem ) > -1 ) !== not; + } ); + } + + // Filtered directly for both simple and complex selectors + return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not ); +} + +jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) { + var elem = elems[ 0 ]; + + if ( not ) { + expr = ":not(" + expr + ")"; + } + + if ( elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : []; + } + + return jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) { + return elem.nodeType === 1; + } ) ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + find: function( selector ) { + var i, ret, + len = this.length, + self = this; + + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter( function() { + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ) ); + } + + ret = this.pushStack( [] ); + + for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) { + jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret ); + } + + return len > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( ret ) : ret; + }, + filter: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], false ) ); + }, + not: function( selector ) { + return this.pushStack( winnow( this, selector || [], true ) ); + }, + is: function( selector ) { + return !!winnow( + this, + + // If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set + // so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p". + typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ? + jQuery( selector ) : + selector || [], + false + ).length; + } +} ); + + +// Initialize a jQuery object + + +// A central reference to the root jQuery(document) +var rootjQuery, + + // A simple way to check for HTML strings + // Prioritize #id over to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521) + // Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <) + // Shortcut simple #id case for speed + rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/, + + init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context, root ) { + var match, elem; + + // HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false) + if ( !selector ) { + return this; + } + + // Method init() accepts an alternate rootjQuery + // so migrate can support jQuery.sub (gh-2101) + root = root || rootjQuery; + + // Handle HTML strings + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + if ( selector[ 0 ] === "<" && + selector[ selector.length - 1 ] === ">" && + selector.length >= 3 ) { + + // Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check + match = [ null, selector, null ]; + + } else { + match = rquickExpr.exec( selector ); + } + + // Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id + if ( match && ( match[ 1 ] || !context ) ) { + + // HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array) + if ( match[ 1 ] ) { + context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[ 0 ] : context; + + // Option to run scripts is true for back-compat + // Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present + jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML( + match[ 1 ], + context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document, + true + ) ); + + // HANDLE: $(html, props) + if ( rsingleTag.test( match[ 1 ] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) { + for ( match in context ) { + + // Properties of context are called as methods if possible + if ( isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) { + this[ match ]( context[ match ] ); + + // ...and otherwise set as attributes + } else { + this.attr( match, context[ match ] ); + } + } + } + + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(#id) + } else { + elem = document.getElementById( match[ 2 ] ); + + if ( elem ) { + + // Inject the element directly into the jQuery object + this[ 0 ] = elem; + this.length = 1; + } + return this; + } + + // HANDLE: $(expr, $(...)) + } else if ( !context || context.jquery ) { + return ( context || root ).find( selector ); + + // HANDLE: $(expr, context) + // (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr) + } else { + return this.constructor( context ).find( selector ); + } + + // HANDLE: $(DOMElement) + } else if ( selector.nodeType ) { + this[ 0 ] = selector; + this.length = 1; + return this; + + // HANDLE: $(function) + // Shortcut for document ready + } else if ( isFunction( selector ) ) { + return root.ready !== undefined ? + root.ready( selector ) : + + // Execute immediately if ready is not present + selector( jQuery ); + } + + return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this ); + }; + +// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation +init.prototype = jQuery.fn; + +// Initialize central reference +rootjQuery = jQuery( document ); + + +var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/, + + // Methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set + guaranteedUnique = { + children: true, + contents: true, + next: true, + prev: true + }; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + has: function( target ) { + var targets = jQuery( target, this ), + l = targets.length; + + return this.filter( function() { + var i = 0; + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[ i ] ) ) { + return true; + } + } + } ); + }, + + closest: function( selectors, context ) { + var cur, + i = 0, + l = this.length, + matched = [], + targets = typeof selectors !== "string" && jQuery( selectors ); + + // Positional selectors never match, since there's no _selection_ context + if ( !rneedsContext.test( selectors ) ) { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + for ( cur = this[ i ]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + + // Always skip document fragments + if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && ( targets ? + targets.index( cur ) > -1 : + + // Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle + cur.nodeType === 1 && + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( cur, selectors ) ) ) { + + matched.push( cur ); + break; + } + } + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ) : matched ); + }, + + // Determine the position of an element within the set + index: function( elem ) { + + // No argument, return index in parent + if ( !elem ) { + return ( this[ 0 ] && this[ 0 ].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1; + } + + // Index in selector + if ( typeof elem === "string" ) { + return indexOf.call( jQuery( elem ), this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // Locate the position of the desired element + return indexOf.call( this, + + // If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used + elem.jquery ? elem[ 0 ] : elem + ); + }, + + add: function( selector, context ) { + return this.pushStack( + jQuery.uniqueSort( + jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) ) + ) + ); + }, + + addBack: function( selector ) { + return this.add( selector == null ? + this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter( selector ) + ); + } +} ); + +function sibling( cur, dir ) { + while ( ( cur = cur[ dir ] ) && cur.nodeType !== 1 ) {} + return cur; +} + +jQuery.each( { + parent: function( elem ) { + var parent = elem.parentNode; + return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null; + }, + parents: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode" ); + }, + parentsUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "parentNode", until ); + }, + next: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prev: function( elem ) { + return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling" ); + }, + prevAll: function( elem ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling" ); + }, + nextUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "nextSibling", until ); + }, + prevUntil: function( elem, _i, until ) { + return dir( elem, "previousSibling", until ); + }, + siblings: function( elem ) { + return siblings( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem ); + }, + children: function( elem ) { + return siblings( elem.firstChild ); + }, + contents: function( elem ) { + if ( elem.contentDocument != null && + + // Support: IE 11+ + // elements with no `data` attribute has an object + // `contentDocument` with a `null` prototype. + getProto( elem.contentDocument ) ) { + + return elem.contentDocument; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only, iOS 7 only, Android Browser <=4.3 only + // Treat the template element as a regular one in browsers that + // don't support it. + if ( nodeName( elem, "template" ) ) { + elem = elem.content || elem; + } + + return jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes ); + } +}, function( name, fn ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) { + var matched = jQuery.map( this, fn, until ); + + if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) { + selector = until; + } + + if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) { + matched = jQuery.filter( selector, matched ); + } + + if ( this.length > 1 ) { + + // Remove duplicates + if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) { + jQuery.uniqueSort( matched ); + } + + // Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives + if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) { + matched.reverse(); + } + } + + return this.pushStack( matched ); + }; +} ); +var rnothtmlwhite = ( /[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g ); + + + +// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones +function createOptions( options ) { + var object = {}; + jQuery.each( options.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) { + object[ flag ] = true; + } ); + return object; +} + +/* + * Create a callback list using the following parameters: + * + * options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how + * the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object + * + * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be + * "fired" multiple times. + * + * Possible options: + * + * once: will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred) + * + * memory: will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added + * after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized" + * values (like a Deferred) + * + * unique: will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list) + * + * stopOnFalse: interrupt callings when a callback returns false + * + */ +jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) { + + // Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed + // (we check in cache first) + options = typeof options === "string" ? + createOptions( options ) : + jQuery.extend( {}, options ); + + var // Flag to know if list is currently firing + firing, + + // Last fire value for non-forgettable lists + memory, + + // Flag to know if list was already fired + fired, + + // Flag to prevent firing + locked, + + // Actual callback list + list = [], + + // Queue of execution data for repeatable lists + queue = [], + + // Index of currently firing callback (modified by add/remove as needed) + firingIndex = -1, + + // Fire callbacks + fire = function() { + + // Enforce single-firing + locked = locked || options.once; + + // Execute callbacks for all pending executions, + // respecting firingIndex overrides and runtime changes + fired = firing = true; + for ( ; queue.length; firingIndex = -1 ) { + memory = queue.shift(); + while ( ++firingIndex < list.length ) { + + // Run callback and check for early termination + if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( memory[ 0 ], memory[ 1 ] ) === false && + options.stopOnFalse ) { + + // Jump to end and forget the data so .add doesn't re-fire + firingIndex = list.length; + memory = false; + } + } + } + + // Forget the data if we're done with it + if ( !options.memory ) { + memory = false; + } + + firing = false; + + // Clean up if we're done firing for good + if ( locked ) { + + // Keep an empty list if we have data for future add calls + if ( memory ) { + list = []; + + // Otherwise, this object is spent + } else { + list = ""; + } + } + }, + + // Actual Callbacks object + self = { + + // Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list + add: function() { + if ( list ) { + + // If we have memory from a past run, we should fire after adding + if ( memory && !firing ) { + firingIndex = list.length - 1; + queue.push( memory ); + } + + ( function add( args ) { + jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) { + if ( isFunction( arg ) ) { + if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) { + list.push( arg ); + } + } else if ( arg && arg.length && toType( arg ) !== "string" ) { + + // Inspect recursively + add( arg ); + } + } ); + } )( arguments ); + + if ( memory && !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Remove a callback from the list + remove: function() { + jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) { + var index; + while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) { + list.splice( index, 1 ); + + // Handle firing indexes + if ( index <= firingIndex ) { + firingIndex--; + } + } + } ); + return this; + }, + + // Check if a given callback is in the list. + // If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached. + has: function( fn ) { + return fn ? + jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : + list.length > 0; + }, + + // Remove all callbacks from the list + empty: function() { + if ( list ) { + list = []; + } + return this; + }, + + // Disable .fire and .add + // Abort any current/pending executions + // Clear all callbacks and values + disable: function() { + locked = queue = []; + list = memory = ""; + return this; + }, + disabled: function() { + return !list; + }, + + // Disable .fire + // Also disable .add unless we have memory (since it would have no effect) + // Abort any pending executions + lock: function() { + locked = queue = []; + if ( !memory && !firing ) { + list = memory = ""; + } + return this; + }, + locked: function() { + return !!locked; + }, + + // Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments + fireWith: function( context, args ) { + if ( !locked ) { + args = args || []; + args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ]; + queue.push( args ); + if ( !firing ) { + fire(); + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Call all the callbacks with the given arguments + fire: function() { + self.fireWith( this, arguments ); + return this; + }, + + // To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once + fired: function() { + return !!fired; + } + }; + + return self; +}; + + +function Identity( v ) { + return v; +} +function Thrower( ex ) { + throw ex; +} + +function adoptValue( value, resolve, reject, noValue ) { + var method; + + try { + + // Check for promise aspect first to privilege synchronous behavior + if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.promise ) ) ) { + method.call( value ).done( resolve ).fail( reject ); + + // Other thenables + } else if ( value && isFunction( ( method = value.then ) ) ) { + method.call( value, resolve, reject ); + + // Other non-thenables + } else { + + // Control `resolve` arguments by letting Array#slice cast boolean `noValue` to integer: + // * false: [ value ].slice( 0 ) => resolve( value ) + // * true: [ value ].slice( 1 ) => resolve() + resolve.apply( undefined, [ value ].slice( noValue ) ); + } + + // For Promises/A+, convert exceptions into rejections + // Since jQuery.when doesn't unwrap thenables, we can skip the extra checks appearing in + // Deferred#then to conditionally suppress rejection. + } catch ( value ) { + + // Support: Android 4.0 only + // Strict mode functions invoked without .call/.apply get global-object context + reject.apply( undefined, [ value ] ); + } +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + Deferred: function( func ) { + var tuples = [ + + // action, add listener, callbacks, + // ... .then handlers, argument index, [final state] + [ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "memory" ), 2 ], + [ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 0, "resolved" ], + [ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), 1, "rejected" ] + ], + state = "pending", + promise = { + state: function() { + return state; + }, + always: function() { + deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments ); + return this; + }, + "catch": function( fn ) { + return promise.then( null, fn ); + }, + + // Keep pipe for back-compat + pipe: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) { + var fns = arguments; + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + jQuery.each( tuples, function( _i, tuple ) { + + // Map tuples (progress, done, fail) to arguments (done, fail, progress) + var fn = isFunction( fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ] ) && fns[ tuple[ 4 ] ]; + + // deferred.progress(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.notify }) + // deferred.done(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.resolve }) + // deferred.fail(function() { bind to newDefer or newDefer.reject }) + deferred[ tuple[ 1 ] ]( function() { + var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments ); + if ( returned && isFunction( returned.promise ) ) { + returned.promise() + .progress( newDefer.notify ) + .done( newDefer.resolve ) + .fail( newDefer.reject ); + } else { + newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( + this, + fn ? [ returned ] : arguments + ); + } + } ); + } ); + fns = null; + } ).promise(); + }, + then: function( onFulfilled, onRejected, onProgress ) { + var maxDepth = 0; + function resolve( depth, deferred, handler, special ) { + return function() { + var that = this, + args = arguments, + mightThrow = function() { + var returned, then; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.3 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-59 + // Ignore double-resolution attempts + if ( depth < maxDepth ) { + return; + } + + returned = handler.apply( that, args ); + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-48 + if ( returned === deferred.promise() ) { + throw new TypeError( "Thenable self-resolution" ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ sections 2.3.3.1, 3.5 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-54 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-75 + // Retrieve `then` only once + then = returned && + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.4 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-64 + // Only check objects and functions for thenability + ( typeof returned === "object" || + typeof returned === "function" ) && + returned.then; + + // Handle a returned thenable + if ( isFunction( then ) ) { + + // Special processors (notify) just wait for resolution + if ( special ) { + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ) + ); + + // Normal processors (resolve) also hook into progress + } else { + + // ...and disregard older resolution values + maxDepth++; + + then.call( + returned, + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Thrower, special ), + resolve( maxDepth, deferred, Identity, + deferred.notifyWith ) + ); + } + + // Handle all other returned values + } else { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Identity ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ returned ]; + } + + // Process the value(s) + // Default process is resolve + ( special || deferred.resolveWith )( that, args ); + } + }, + + // Only normal processors (resolve) catch and reject exceptions + process = special ? + mightThrow : + function() { + try { + mightThrow(); + } catch ( e ) { + + if ( jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook ) { + jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook( e, + process.stackTrace ); + } + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.4.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-61 + // Ignore post-resolution exceptions + if ( depth + 1 >= maxDepth ) { + + // Only substitute handlers pass on context + // and multiple values (non-spec behavior) + if ( handler !== Thrower ) { + that = undefined; + args = [ e ]; + } + + deferred.rejectWith( that, args ); + } + } + }; + + // Support: Promises/A+ section 2.3.3.3.1 + // https://promisesaplus.com/#point-57 + // Re-resolve promises immediately to dodge false rejection from + // subsequent errors + if ( depth ) { + process(); + } else { + + // Call an optional hook to record the stack, in case of exception + // since it's otherwise lost when execution goes async + if ( jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook ) { + process.stackTrace = jQuery.Deferred.getStackHook(); + } + window.setTimeout( process ); + } + }; + } + + return jQuery.Deferred( function( newDefer ) { + + // progress_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onProgress ) ? + onProgress : + Identity, + newDefer.notifyWith + ) + ); + + // fulfilled_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 1 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onFulfilled ) ? + onFulfilled : + Identity + ) + ); + + // rejected_handlers.add( ... ) + tuples[ 2 ][ 3 ].add( + resolve( + 0, + newDefer, + isFunction( onRejected ) ? + onRejected : + Thrower + ) + ); + } ).promise(); + }, + + // Get a promise for this deferred + // If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object + promise: function( obj ) { + return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise; + } + }, + deferred = {}; + + // Add list-specific methods + jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) { + var list = tuple[ 2 ], + stateString = tuple[ 5 ]; + + // promise.progress = list.add + // promise.done = list.add + // promise.fail = list.add + promise[ tuple[ 1 ] ] = list.add; + + // Handle state + if ( stateString ) { + list.add( + function() { + + // state = "resolved" (i.e., fulfilled) + // state = "rejected" + state = stateString; + }, + + // rejected_callbacks.disable + // fulfilled_callbacks.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 2 ].disable, + + // rejected_handlers.disable + // fulfilled_handlers.disable + tuples[ 3 - i ][ 3 ].disable, + + // progress_callbacks.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 2 ].lock, + + // progress_handlers.lock + tuples[ 0 ][ 3 ].lock + ); + } + + // progress_handlers.fire + // fulfilled_handlers.fire + // rejected_handlers.fire + list.add( tuple[ 3 ].fire ); + + // deferred.notify = function() { deferred.notifyWith(...) } + // deferred.resolve = function() { deferred.resolveWith(...) } + // deferred.reject = function() { deferred.rejectWith(...) } + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] ] = function() { + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? undefined : this, arguments ); + return this; + }; + + // deferred.notifyWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.resolveWith = list.fireWith + // deferred.rejectWith = list.fireWith + deferred[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ] = list.fireWith; + } ); + + // Make the deferred a promise + promise.promise( deferred ); + + // Call given func if any + if ( func ) { + func.call( deferred, deferred ); + } + + // All done! + return deferred; + }, + + // Deferred helper + when: function( singleValue ) { + var + + // count of uncompleted subordinates + remaining = arguments.length, + + // count of unprocessed arguments + i = remaining, + + // subordinate fulfillment data + resolveContexts = Array( i ), + resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ), + + // the master Deferred + master = jQuery.Deferred(), + + // subordinate callback factory + updateFunc = function( i ) { + return function( value ) { + resolveContexts[ i ] = this; + resolveValues[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value; + if ( !( --remaining ) ) { + master.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues ); + } + }; + }; + + // Single- and empty arguments are adopted like Promise.resolve + if ( remaining <= 1 ) { + adoptValue( singleValue, master.done( updateFunc( i ) ).resolve, master.reject, + !remaining ); + + // Use .then() to unwrap secondary thenables (cf. gh-3000) + if ( master.state() === "pending" || + isFunction( resolveValues[ i ] && resolveValues[ i ].then ) ) { + + return master.then(); + } + } + + // Multiple arguments are aggregated like Promise.all array elements + while ( i-- ) { + adoptValue( resolveValues[ i ], updateFunc( i ), master.reject ); + } + + return master.promise(); + } +} ); + + +// These usually indicate a programmer mistake during development, +// warn about them ASAP rather than swallowing them by default. +var rerrorNames = /^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/; + +jQuery.Deferred.exceptionHook = function( error, stack ) { + + // Support: IE 8 - 9 only + // Console exists when dev tools are open, which can happen at any time + if ( window.console && window.console.warn && error && rerrorNames.test( error.name ) ) { + window.console.warn( "jQuery.Deferred exception: " + error.message, error.stack, stack ); + } +}; + + + + +jQuery.readyException = function( error ) { + window.setTimeout( function() { + throw error; + } ); +}; + + + + +// The deferred used on DOM ready +var readyList = jQuery.Deferred(); + +jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) { + + readyList + .then( fn ) + + // Wrap jQuery.readyException in a function so that the lookup + // happens at the time of error handling instead of callback + // registration. + .catch( function( error ) { + jQuery.readyException( error ); + } ); + + return this; +}; + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs. + isReady: false, + + // A counter to track how many items to wait for before + // the ready event fires. See #6781 + readyWait: 1, + + // Handle when the DOM is ready + ready: function( wait ) { + + // Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready + if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) { + return; + } + + // Remember that the DOM is ready + jQuery.isReady = true; + + // If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be + if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) { + return; + } + + // If there are functions bound, to execute + readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.ready.then = readyList.then; + +// The ready event handler and self cleanup method +function completed() { + document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + window.removeEventListener( "load", completed ); + jQuery.ready(); +} + +// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called +// after the browser event has already occurred. +// Support: IE <=9 - 10 only +// Older IE sometimes signals "interactive" too soon +if ( document.readyState === "complete" || + ( document.readyState !== "loading" && !document.documentElement.doScroll ) ) { + + // Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready + window.setTimeout( jQuery.ready ); + +} else { + + // Use the handy event callback + document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed ); + + // A fallback to window.onload, that will always work + window.addEventListener( "load", completed ); +} + + + + +// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection +// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function +var access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) { + var i = 0, + len = elems.length, + bulk = key == null; + + // Sets many values + if ( toType( key ) === "object" ) { + chainable = true; + for ( i in key ) { + access( elems, fn, i, key[ i ], true, emptyGet, raw ); + } + + // Sets one value + } else if ( value !== undefined ) { + chainable = true; + + if ( !isFunction( value ) ) { + raw = true; + } + + if ( bulk ) { + + // Bulk operations run against the entire set + if ( raw ) { + fn.call( elems, value ); + fn = null; + + // ...except when executing function values + } else { + bulk = fn; + fn = function( elem, _key, value ) { + return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value ); + }; + } + } + + if ( fn ) { + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + fn( + elems[ i ], key, raw ? + value : + value.call( elems[ i ], i, fn( elems[ i ], key ) ) + ); + } + } + } + + if ( chainable ) { + return elems; + } + + // Gets + if ( bulk ) { + return fn.call( elems ); + } + + return len ? fn( elems[ 0 ], key ) : emptyGet; +}; + + +// Matches dashed string for camelizing +var rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/, + rdashAlpha = /-([a-z])/g; + +// Used by camelCase as callback to replace() +function fcamelCase( _all, letter ) { + return letter.toUpperCase(); +} + +// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules +// Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 +// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572) +function camelCase( string ) { + return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase ); +} +var acceptData = function( owner ) { + + // Accepts only: + // - Node + // - Node.ELEMENT_NODE + // - Node.DOCUMENT_NODE + // - Object + // - Any + return owner.nodeType === 1 || owner.nodeType === 9 || !( +owner.nodeType ); +}; + + + + +function Data() { + this.expando = jQuery.expando + Data.uid++; +} + +Data.uid = 1; + +Data.prototype = { + + cache: function( owner ) { + + // Check if the owner object already has a cache + var value = owner[ this.expando ]; + + // If not, create one + if ( !value ) { + value = {}; + + // We can accept data for non-element nodes in modern browsers, + // but we should not, see #8335. + // Always return an empty object. + if ( acceptData( owner ) ) { + + // If it is a node unlikely to be stringify-ed or looped over + // use plain assignment + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = value; + + // Otherwise secure it in a non-enumerable property + // configurable must be true to allow the property to be + // deleted when data is removed + } else { + Object.defineProperty( owner, this.expando, { + value: value, + configurable: true + } ); + } + } + } + + return value; + }, + set: function( owner, data, value ) { + var prop, + cache = this.cache( owner ); + + // Handle: [ owner, key, value ] args + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + cache[ camelCase( data ) ] = value; + + // Handle: [ owner, { properties } ] args + } else { + + // Copy the properties one-by-one to the cache object + for ( prop in data ) { + cache[ camelCase( prop ) ] = data[ prop ]; + } + } + return cache; + }, + get: function( owner, key ) { + return key === undefined ? + this.cache( owner ) : + + // Always use camelCase key (gh-2257) + owner[ this.expando ] && owner[ this.expando ][ camelCase( key ) ]; + }, + access: function( owner, key, value ) { + + // In cases where either: + // + // 1. No key was specified + // 2. A string key was specified, but no value provided + // + // Take the "read" path and allow the get method to determine + // which value to return, respectively either: + // + // 1. The entire cache object + // 2. The data stored at the key + // + if ( key === undefined || + ( ( key && typeof key === "string" ) && value === undefined ) ) { + + return this.get( owner, key ); + } + + // When the key is not a string, or both a key and value + // are specified, set or extend (existing objects) with either: + // + // 1. An object of properties + // 2. A key and value + // + this.set( owner, key, value ); + + // Since the "set" path can have two possible entry points + // return the expected data based on which path was taken[*] + return value !== undefined ? value : key; + }, + remove: function( owner, key ) { + var i, + cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + + if ( cache === undefined ) { + return; + } + + if ( key !== undefined ) { + + // Support array or space separated string of keys + if ( Array.isArray( key ) ) { + + // If key is an array of keys... + // We always set camelCase keys, so remove that. + key = key.map( camelCase ); + } else { + key = camelCase( key ); + + // If a key with the spaces exists, use it. + // Otherwise, create an array by matching non-whitespace + key = key in cache ? + [ key ] : + ( key.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [] ); + } + + i = key.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + delete cache[ key[ i ] ]; + } + } + + // Remove the expando if there's no more data + if ( key === undefined || jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ) ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45 + // Webkit & Blink performance suffers when deleting properties + // from DOM nodes, so set to undefined instead + // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=378607 (bug restricted) + if ( owner.nodeType ) { + owner[ this.expando ] = undefined; + } else { + delete owner[ this.expando ]; + } + } + }, + hasData: function( owner ) { + var cache = owner[ this.expando ]; + return cache !== undefined && !jQuery.isEmptyObject( cache ); + } +}; +var dataPriv = new Data(); + +var dataUser = new Data(); + + + +// Implementation Summary +// +// 1. Enforce API surface and semantic compatibility with 1.9.x branch +// 2. Improve the module's maintainability by reducing the storage +// paths to a single mechanism. +// 3. Use the same single mechanism to support "private" and "user" data. +// 4. _Never_ expose "private" data to user code (TODO: Drop _data, _removeData) +// 5. Avoid exposing implementation details on user objects (eg. expando properties) +// 6. Provide a clear path for implementation upgrade to WeakMap in 2014 + +var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/, + rmultiDash = /[A-Z]/g; + +function getData( data ) { + if ( data === "true" ) { + return true; + } + + if ( data === "false" ) { + return false; + } + + if ( data === "null" ) { + return null; + } + + // Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string + if ( data === +data + "" ) { + return +data; + } + + if ( rbrace.test( data ) ) { + return JSON.parse( data ); + } + + return data; +} + +function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) { + var name; + + // If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any + // data from the HTML5 data-* attribute + if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$&" ).toLowerCase(); + data = elem.getAttribute( name ); + + if ( typeof data === "string" ) { + try { + data = getData( data ); + } catch ( e ) {} + + // Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later + dataUser.set( elem, key, data ); + } else { + data = undefined; + } + } + return data; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + hasData: function( elem ) { + return dataUser.hasData( elem ) || dataPriv.hasData( elem ); + }, + + data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataUser.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataUser.remove( elem, name ); + }, + + // TODO: Now that all calls to _data and _removeData have been replaced + // with direct calls to dataPriv methods, these can be deprecated. + _data: function( elem, name, data ) { + return dataPriv.access( elem, name, data ); + }, + + _removeData: function( elem, name ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, name ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + data: function( key, value ) { + var i, name, data, + elem = this[ 0 ], + attrs = elem && elem.attributes; + + // Gets all values + if ( key === undefined ) { + if ( this.length ) { + data = dataUser.get( elem ); + + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !dataPriv.get( elem, "hasDataAttrs" ) ) { + i = attrs.length; + while ( i-- ) { + + // Support: IE 11 only + // The attrs elements can be null (#14894) + if ( attrs[ i ] ) { + name = attrs[ i ].name; + if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) { + name = camelCase( name.slice( 5 ) ); + dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] ); + } + } + } + dataPriv.set( elem, "hasDataAttrs", true ); + } + } + + return data; + } + + // Sets multiple values + if ( typeof key === "object" ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.set( this, key ); + } ); + } + + return access( this, function( value ) { + var data; + + // The calling jQuery object (element matches) is not empty + // (and therefore has an element appears at this[ 0 ]) and the + // `value` parameter was not undefined. An empty jQuery object + // will result in `undefined` for elem = this[ 0 ] which will + // throw an exception if an attempt to read a data cache is made. + if ( elem && value === undefined ) { + + // Attempt to get data from the cache + // The key will always be camelCased in Data + data = dataUser.get( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // Attempt to "discover" the data in + // HTML5 custom data-* attrs + data = dataAttr( elem, key ); + if ( data !== undefined ) { + return data; + } + + // We tried really hard, but the data doesn't exist. + return; + } + + // Set the data... + this.each( function() { + + // We always store the camelCased key + dataUser.set( this, key, value ); + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length > 1, null, true ); + }, + + removeData: function( key ) { + return this.each( function() { + dataUser.remove( this, key ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +jQuery.extend( { + queue: function( elem, type, data ) { + var queue; + + if ( elem ) { + type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue"; + queue = dataPriv.get( elem, type ); + + // Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup + if ( data ) { + if ( !queue || Array.isArray( data ) ) { + queue = dataPriv.access( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray( data ) ); + } else { + queue.push( data ); + } + } + return queue || []; + } + }, + + dequeue: function( elem, type ) { + type = type || "fx"; + + var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ), + startLength = queue.length, + fn = queue.shift(), + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ), + next = function() { + jQuery.dequeue( elem, type ); + }; + + // If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel + if ( fn === "inprogress" ) { + fn = queue.shift(); + startLength--; + } + + if ( fn ) { + + // Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being + // automatically dequeued + if ( type === "fx" ) { + queue.unshift( "inprogress" ); + } + + // Clear up the last queue stop function + delete hooks.stop; + fn.call( elem, next, hooks ); + } + + if ( !startLength && hooks ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + }, + + // Not public - generate a queueHooks object, or return the current one + _queueHooks: function( elem, type ) { + var key = type + "queueHooks"; + return dataPriv.get( elem, key ) || dataPriv.access( elem, key, { + empty: jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ).add( function() { + dataPriv.remove( elem, [ type + "queue", key ] ); + } ) + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + queue: function( type, data ) { + var setter = 2; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + data = type; + type = "fx"; + setter--; + } + + if ( arguments.length < setter ) { + return jQuery.queue( this[ 0 ], type ); + } + + return data === undefined ? + this : + this.each( function() { + var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data ); + + // Ensure a hooks for this queue + jQuery._queueHooks( this, type ); + + if ( type === "fx" && queue[ 0 ] !== "inprogress" ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + dequeue: function( type ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } ); + }, + clearQueue: function( type ) { + return this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + }, + + // Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type + // are emptied (fx is the type by default) + promise: function( type, obj ) { + var tmp, + count = 1, + defer = jQuery.Deferred(), + elements = this, + i = this.length, + resolve = function() { + if ( !( --count ) ) { + defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] ); + } + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + obj = type; + type = undefined; + } + type = type || "fx"; + + while ( i-- ) { + tmp = dataPriv.get( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" ); + if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) { + count++; + tmp.empty.add( resolve ); + } + } + resolve(); + return defer.promise( obj ); + } +} ); +var pnum = ( /[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/ ).source; + +var rcssNum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ); + + +var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ]; + +var documentElement = document.documentElement; + + + + var isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); + }, + composed = { composed: true }; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 12 - 18+, iOS 10.0 - 10.2 only + // Check attachment across shadow DOM boundaries when possible (gh-3504) + // Support: iOS 10.0-10.2 only + // Early iOS 10 versions support `attachShadow` but not `getRootNode`, + // leading to errors. We need to check for `getRootNode`. + if ( documentElement.getRootNode ) { + isAttached = function( elem ) { + return jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) || + elem.getRootNode( composed ) === elem.ownerDocument; + }; + } +var isHiddenWithinTree = function( elem, el ) { + + // isHiddenWithinTree might be called from jQuery#filter function; + // in that case, element will be second argument + elem = el || elem; + + // Inline style trumps all + return elem.style.display === "none" || + elem.style.display === "" && + + // Otherwise, check computed style + // Support: Firefox <=43 - 45 + // Disconnected elements can have computed display: none, so first confirm that elem is + // in the document. + isAttached( elem ) && + + jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none"; + }; + + + +function adjustCSS( elem, prop, valueParts, tween ) { + var adjusted, scale, + maxIterations = 20, + currentValue = tween ? + function() { + return tween.cur(); + } : + function() { + return jQuery.css( elem, prop, "" ); + }, + initial = currentValue(), + unit = valueParts && valueParts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ), + + // Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches + initialInUnit = elem.nodeType && + ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +initial ) && + rcssNum.exec( jQuery.css( elem, prop ) ); + + if ( initialInUnit && initialInUnit[ 3 ] !== unit ) { + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Halve the iteration target value to prevent interference from CSS upper bounds (gh-2144) + initial = initial / 2; + + // Trust units reported by jQuery.css + unit = unit || initialInUnit[ 3 ]; + + // Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point + initialInUnit = +initial || 1; + + while ( maxIterations-- ) { + + // Evaluate and update our best guess (doubling guesses that zero out). + // Finish if the scale equals or crosses 1 (making the old*new product non-positive). + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + if ( ( 1 - scale ) * ( 1 - ( scale = currentValue() / initial || 0.5 ) ) <= 0 ) { + maxIterations = 0; + } + initialInUnit = initialInUnit / scale; + + } + + initialInUnit = initialInUnit * 2; + jQuery.style( elem, prop, initialInUnit + unit ); + + // Make sure we update the tween properties later on + valueParts = valueParts || []; + } + + if ( valueParts ) { + initialInUnit = +initialInUnit || +initial || 0; + + // Apply relative offset (+=/-=) if specified + adjusted = valueParts[ 1 ] ? + initialInUnit + ( valueParts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * valueParts[ 2 ] : + +valueParts[ 2 ]; + if ( tween ) { + tween.unit = unit; + tween.start = initialInUnit; + tween.end = adjusted; + } + } + return adjusted; +} + + +var defaultDisplayMap = {}; + +function getDefaultDisplay( elem ) { + var temp, + doc = elem.ownerDocument, + nodeName = elem.nodeName, + display = defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ]; + + if ( display ) { + return display; + } + + temp = doc.body.appendChild( doc.createElement( nodeName ) ); + display = jQuery.css( temp, "display" ); + + temp.parentNode.removeChild( temp ); + + if ( display === "none" ) { + display = "block"; + } + defaultDisplayMap[ nodeName ] = display; + + return display; +} + +function showHide( elements, show ) { + var display, elem, + values = [], + index = 0, + length = elements.length; + + // Determine new display value for elements that need to change + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + elem = elements[ index ]; + if ( !elem.style ) { + continue; + } + + display = elem.style.display; + if ( show ) { + + // Since we force visibility upon cascade-hidden elements, an immediate (and slow) + // check is required in this first loop unless we have a nonempty display value (either + // inline or about-to-be-restored) + if ( display === "none" ) { + values[ index ] = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ) || null; + if ( !values[ index ] ) { + elem.style.display = ""; + } + } + if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ) ) { + values[ index ] = getDefaultDisplay( elem ); + } + } else { + if ( display !== "none" ) { + values[ index ] = "none"; + + // Remember what we're overwriting + dataPriv.set( elem, "display", display ); + } + } + } + + // Set the display of the elements in a second loop to avoid constant reflow + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( values[ index ] != null ) { + elements[ index ].style.display = values[ index ]; + } + } + + return elements; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + show: function() { + return showHide( this, true ); + }, + hide: function() { + return showHide( this ); + }, + toggle: function( state ) { + if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) { + return state ? this.show() : this.hide(); + } + + return this.each( function() { + if ( isHiddenWithinTree( this ) ) { + jQuery( this ).show(); + } else { + jQuery( this ).hide(); + } + } ); + } +} ); +var rcheckableType = ( /^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i ); + +var rtagName = ( /<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i ); + +var rscriptType = ( /^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i ); + + + +( function() { + var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), + div = fragment.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ), + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only + // Check state lost if the name is set (#11217) + // Support: Windows Web Apps (WWA) + // `name` and `type` must use .setAttribute for WWA (#14901) + input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" ); + input.setAttribute( "checked", "checked" ); + input.setAttribute( "name", "t" ); + + div.appendChild( input ); + + // Support: Android <=4.1 only + // Older WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments + support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned + div.innerHTML = ""; + support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE <=9 replaces "; + support.option = !!div.lastChild; +} )(); + + +// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200) +var wrapMap = { + + // XHTML parsers do not magically insert elements in the + // same way that tag soup parsers do. So we cannot shorten + // this by omitting or other required elements. + thead: [ 1, "", "
" ], + col: [ 2, "", "
" ], + tr: [ 2, "", "
" ], + td: [ 3, "", "
" ], + + _default: [ 0, "", "" ] +}; + +wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead; +wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +if ( !support.option ) { + wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option = [ 1, "" ]; +} + + +function getAll( context, tag ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Use typeof to avoid zero-argument method invocation on host objects (#15151) + var ret; + + if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ); + + } else if ( typeof context.querySelectorAll !== "undefined" ) { + ret = context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ); + + } else { + ret = []; + } + + if ( tag === undefined || tag && nodeName( context, tag ) ) { + return jQuery.merge( [ context ], ret ); + } + + return ret; +} + + +// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated +function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) { + var i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + dataPriv.set( + elems[ i ], + "globalEval", + !refElements || dataPriv.get( refElements[ i ], "globalEval" ) + ); + } +} + + +var rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/; + +function buildFragment( elems, context, scripts, selection, ignored ) { + var elem, tmp, tag, wrap, attached, j, + fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(), + nodes = [], + i = 0, + l = elems.length; + + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = elems[ i ]; + + if ( elem || elem === 0 ) { + + // Add nodes directly + if ( toType( elem ) === "object" ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem ); + + // Convert non-html into a text node + } else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) { + nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) ); + + // Convert html into DOM nodes + } else { + tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild( context.createElement( "div" ) ); + + // Deserialize a standard representation + tag = ( rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase(); + wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default; + tmp.innerHTML = wrap[ 1 ] + jQuery.htmlPrefilter( elem ) + wrap[ 2 ]; + + // Descend through wrappers to the right content + j = wrap[ 0 ]; + while ( j-- ) { + tmp = tmp.lastChild; + } + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes ); + + // Remember the top-level container + tmp = fragment.firstChild; + + // Ensure the created nodes are orphaned (#12392) + tmp.textContent = ""; + } + } + } + + // Remove wrapper from fragment + fragment.textContent = ""; + + i = 0; + while ( ( elem = nodes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Skip elements already in the context collection (trac-4087) + if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) > -1 ) { + if ( ignored ) { + ignored.push( elem ); + } + continue; + } + + attached = isAttached( elem ); + + // Append to fragment + tmp = getAll( fragment.appendChild( elem ), "script" ); + + // Preserve script evaluation history + if ( attached ) { + setGlobalEval( tmp ); + } + + // Capture executables + if ( scripts ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( elem = tmp[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) { + scripts.push( elem ); + } + } + } + } + + return fragment; +} + + +var + rkeyEvent = /^key/, + rmouseEvent = /^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu|drag|drop)|click/, + rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/; + +function returnTrue() { + return true; +} + +function returnFalse() { + return false; +} + +// Support: IE <=9 - 11+ +// focus() and blur() are asynchronous, except when they are no-op. +// So expect focus to be synchronous when the element is already active, +// and blur to be synchronous when the element is not already active. +// (focus and blur are always synchronous in other supported browsers, +// this just defines when we can count on it). +function expectSync( elem, type ) { + return ( elem === safeActiveElement() ) === ( type === "focus" ); +} + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Accessing document.activeElement can throw unexpectedly +// https://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13393 +function safeActiveElement() { + try { + return document.activeElement; + } catch ( err ) { } +} + +function on( elem, types, selector, data, fn, one ) { + var origFn, type; + + // Types can be a map of types/handlers + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-Object, selector, data ) + if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) { + + // ( types-Object, data ) + data = data || selector; + selector = undefined; + } + for ( type in types ) { + on( elem, type, selector, data, types[ type ], one ); + } + return elem; + } + + if ( data == null && fn == null ) { + + // ( types, fn ) + fn = selector; + data = selector = undefined; + } else if ( fn == null ) { + if ( typeof selector === "string" ) { + + // ( types, selector, fn ) + fn = data; + data = undefined; + } else { + + // ( types, data, fn ) + fn = data; + data = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } else if ( !fn ) { + return elem; + } + + if ( one === 1 ) { + origFn = fn; + fn = function( event ) { + + // Can use an empty set, since event contains the info + jQuery().off( event ); + return origFn.apply( this, arguments ); + }; + + // Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn + fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ ); + } + return elem.each( function() { + jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector ); + } ); +} + +/* + * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface. + * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas. + */ +jQuery.event = { + + global: {}, + + add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) { + + var handleObjIn, eventHandle, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.get( elem ); + + // Only attach events to objects that accept data + if ( !acceptData( elem ) ) { + return; + } + + // Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler + if ( handler.handler ) { + handleObjIn = handler; + handler = handleObjIn.handler; + selector = handleObjIn.selector; + } + + // Ensure that invalid selectors throw exceptions at attach time + // Evaluate against documentElement in case elem is a non-element node (e.g., document) + if ( selector ) { + jQuery.find.matchesSelector( documentElement, selector ); + } + + // Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later + if ( !handler.guid ) { + handler.guid = jQuery.guid++; + } + + // Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first + if ( !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + events = elemData.events = Object.create( null ); + } + if ( !( eventHandle = elemData.handle ) ) { + eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) { + + // Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and + // when an event is called after a page has unloaded + return typeof jQuery !== "undefined" && jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type ? + jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( elem, arguments ) : undefined; + }; + } + + // Handle multiple events separated by a space + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers + if ( !type ) { + continue; + } + + // If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + + // Update special based on newly reset type + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + + // handleObj is passed to all event handlers + handleObj = jQuery.extend( { + type: type, + origType: origType, + data: data, + handler: handler, + guid: handler.guid, + selector: selector, + needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ), + namespace: namespaces.join( "." ) + }, handleObjIn ); + + // Init the event handler queue if we're the first + if ( !( handlers = events[ type ] ) ) { + handlers = events[ type ] = []; + handlers.delegateCount = 0; + + // Only use addEventListener if the special events handler returns false + if ( !special.setup || + special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) { + + if ( elem.addEventListener ) { + elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle ); + } + } + } + + if ( special.add ) { + special.add.call( elem, handleObj ); + + if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) { + handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid; + } + } + + // Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front + if ( selector ) { + handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj ); + } else { + handlers.push( handleObj ); + } + + // Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization + jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true; + } + + }, + + // Detach an event or set of events from an element + remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) { + + var j, origCount, tmp, + events, t, handleObj, + special, handlers, type, namespaces, origType, + elemData = dataPriv.hasData( elem ) && dataPriv.get( elem ); + + if ( !elemData || !( events = elemData.events ) ) { + return; + } + + // Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted + types = ( types || "" ).match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + t = types.length; + while ( t-- ) { + tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[ t ] ) || []; + type = origType = tmp[ 1 ]; + namespaces = ( tmp[ 2 ] || "" ).split( "." ).sort(); + + // Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element + if ( !type ) { + for ( type in events ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true ); + } + continue; + } + + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type; + handlers = events[ type ] || []; + tmp = tmp[ 2 ] && + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ); + + // Remove matching events + origCount = j = handlers.length; + while ( j-- ) { + handleObj = handlers[ j ]; + + if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) && + ( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) && + ( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) && + ( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || + selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) { + handlers.splice( j, 1 ); + + if ( handleObj.selector ) { + handlers.delegateCount--; + } + if ( special.remove ) { + special.remove.call( elem, handleObj ); + } + } + } + + // Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist + // (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers) + if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) { + if ( !special.teardown || + special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) { + + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle ); + } + + delete events[ type ]; + } + } + + // Remove data and the expando if it's no longer used + if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) { + dataPriv.remove( elem, "handle events" ); + } + }, + + dispatch: function( nativeEvent ) { + + var i, j, ret, matched, handleObj, handlerQueue, + args = new Array( arguments.length ), + + // Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object + event = jQuery.event.fix( nativeEvent ), + + handlers = ( + dataPriv.get( this, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] || [], + special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {}; + + // Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event + args[ 0 ] = event; + + for ( i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++ ) { + args[ i ] = arguments[ i ]; + } + + event.delegateTarget = this; + + // Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired + if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine handlers + handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers ); + + // Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us + i = 0; + while ( ( matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + event.currentTarget = matched.elem; + + j = 0; + while ( ( handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ] ) && + !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) { + + // If the event is namespaced, then each handler is only invoked if it is + // specially universal or its namespaces are a superset of the event's. + if ( !event.rnamespace || handleObj.namespace === false || + event.rnamespace.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) { + + event.handleObj = handleObj; + event.data = handleObj.data; + + ret = ( ( jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {} ).handle || + handleObj.handler ).apply( matched.elem, args ); + + if ( ret !== undefined ) { + if ( ( event.result = ret ) === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + event.stopPropagation(); + } + } + } + } + } + + // Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type + if ( special.postDispatch ) { + special.postDispatch.call( this, event ); + } + + return event.result; + }, + + handlers: function( event, handlers ) { + var i, handleObj, sel, matchedHandlers, matchedSelectors, + handlerQueue = [], + delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount, + cur = event.target; + + // Find delegate handlers + if ( delegateCount && + + // Support: IE <=9 + // Black-hole SVG instance trees (trac-13180) + cur.nodeType && + + // Support: Firefox <=42 + // Suppress spec-violating clicks indicating a non-primary pointer button (trac-3861) + // https://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#event-type-click + // Support: IE 11 only + // ...but not arrow key "clicks" of radio inputs, which can have `button` -1 (gh-2343) + !( event.type === "click" && event.button >= 1 ) ) { + + for ( ; cur !== this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) { + + // Don't check non-elements (#13208) + // Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764) + if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && !( event.type === "click" && cur.disabled === true ) ) { + matchedHandlers = []; + matchedSelectors = {}; + for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) { + handleObj = handlers[ i ]; + + // Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203) + sel = handleObj.selector + " "; + + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] === undefined ) { + matchedSelectors[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ? + jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) > -1 : + jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length; + } + if ( matchedSelectors[ sel ] ) { + matchedHandlers.push( handleObj ); + } + } + if ( matchedHandlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: matchedHandlers } ); + } + } + } + } + + // Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers + cur = this; + if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) { + handlerQueue.push( { elem: cur, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) } ); + } + + return handlerQueue; + }, + + addProp: function( name, hook ) { + Object.defineProperty( jQuery.Event.prototype, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + + get: isFunction( hook ) ? + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return hook( this.originalEvent ); + } + } : + function() { + if ( this.originalEvent ) { + return this.originalEvent[ name ]; + } + }, + + set: function( value ) { + Object.defineProperty( this, name, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + writable: true, + value: value + } ); + } + } ); + }, + + fix: function( originalEvent ) { + return originalEvent[ jQuery.expando ] ? + originalEvent : + new jQuery.Event( originalEvent ); + }, + + special: { + load: { + + // Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load + noBubble: true + }, + click: { + + // Utilize native event to ensure correct state for checkable inputs + setup: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Claim the first handler + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + // dataPriv.set( el, "click", ... ) + leverageNative( el, "click", returnTrue ); + } + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function( data ) { + + // For mutual compressibility with _default, replace `this` access with a local var. + // `|| data` is dead code meant only to preserve the variable through minification. + var el = this || data; + + // Force setup before triggering a click + if ( rcheckableType.test( el.type ) && + el.click && nodeName( el, "input" ) ) { + + leverageNative( el, "click" ); + } + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + // For cross-browser consistency, suppress native .click() on links + // Also prevent it if we're currently inside a leveraged native-event stack + _default: function( event ) { + var target = event.target; + return rcheckableType.test( target.type ) && + target.click && nodeName( target, "input" ) && + dataPriv.get( target, "click" ) || + nodeName( target, "a" ); + } + }, + + beforeunload: { + postDispatch: function( event ) { + + // Support: Firefox 20+ + // Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set. + if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) { + event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result; + } + } + } + } +}; + +// Ensure the presence of an event listener that handles manually-triggered +// synthetic events by interrupting progress until reinvoked in response to +// *native* events that it fires directly, ensuring that state changes have +// already occurred before other listeners are invoked. +function leverageNative( el, type, expectSync ) { + + // Missing expectSync indicates a trigger call, which must force setup through jQuery.event.add + if ( !expectSync ) { + if ( dataPriv.get( el, type ) === undefined ) { + jQuery.event.add( el, type, returnTrue ); + } + return; + } + + // Register the controller as a special universal handler for all event namespaces + dataPriv.set( el, type, false ); + jQuery.event.add( el, type, { + namespace: false, + handler: function( event ) { + var notAsync, result, + saved = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + + if ( ( event.isTrigger & 1 ) && this[ type ] ) { + + // Interrupt processing of the outer synthetic .trigger()ed event + // Saved data should be false in such cases, but might be a leftover capture object + // from an async native handler (gh-4350) + if ( !saved.length ) { + + // Store arguments for use when handling the inner native event + // There will always be at least one argument (an event object), so this array + // will not be confused with a leftover capture object. + saved = slice.call( arguments ); + dataPriv.set( this, type, saved ); + + // Trigger the native event and capture its result + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // focus() and blur() are asynchronous + notAsync = expectSync( this, type ); + this[ type ](); + result = dataPriv.get( this, type ); + if ( saved !== result || notAsync ) { + dataPriv.set( this, type, false ); + } else { + result = {}; + } + if ( saved !== result ) { + + // Cancel the outer synthetic event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + event.preventDefault(); + return result.value; + } + + // If this is an inner synthetic event for an event with a bubbling surrogate + // (focus or blur), assume that the surrogate already propagated from triggering the + // native event and prevent that from happening again here. + // This technically gets the ordering wrong w.r.t. to `.trigger()` (in which the + // bubbling surrogate propagates *after* the non-bubbling base), but that seems + // less bad than duplication. + } else if ( ( jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {} ).delegateType ) { + event.stopPropagation(); + } + + // If this is a native event triggered above, everything is now in order + // Fire an inner synthetic event with the original arguments + } else if ( saved.length ) { + + // ...and capture the result + dataPriv.set( this, type, { + value: jQuery.event.trigger( + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11+ + // Extend with the prototype to reset the above stopImmediatePropagation() + jQuery.extend( saved[ 0 ], jQuery.Event.prototype ), + saved.slice( 1 ), + this + ) + } ); + + // Abort handling of the native event + event.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + } + } ); +} + +jQuery.removeEvent = function( elem, type, handle ) { + + // This "if" is needed for plain objects + if ( elem.removeEventListener ) { + elem.removeEventListener( type, handle ); + } +}; + +jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) { + + // Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword + if ( !( this instanceof jQuery.Event ) ) { + return new jQuery.Event( src, props ); + } + + // Event object + if ( src && src.type ) { + this.originalEvent = src; + this.type = src.type; + + // Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented + // by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value. + this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented || + src.defaultPrevented === undefined && + + // Support: Android <=2.3 only + src.returnValue === false ? + returnTrue : + returnFalse; + + // Create target properties + // Support: Safari <=6 - 7 only + // Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143) + this.target = ( src.target && src.target.nodeType === 3 ) ? + src.target.parentNode : + src.target; + + this.currentTarget = src.currentTarget; + this.relatedTarget = src.relatedTarget; + + // Event type + } else { + this.type = src; + } + + // Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object + if ( props ) { + jQuery.extend( this, props ); + } + + // Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one + this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || Date.now(); + + // Mark it as fixed + this[ jQuery.expando ] = true; +}; + +// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding +// https://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html +jQuery.Event.prototype = { + constructor: jQuery.Event, + isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse, + isPropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse, + isSimulated: false, + + preventDefault: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.preventDefault(); + } + }, + stopPropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + } + }, + stopImmediatePropagation: function() { + var e = this.originalEvent; + + this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue; + + if ( e && !this.isSimulated ) { + e.stopImmediatePropagation(); + } + + this.stopPropagation(); + } +}; + +// Includes all common event props including KeyEvent and MouseEvent specific props +jQuery.each( { + altKey: true, + bubbles: true, + cancelable: true, + changedTouches: true, + ctrlKey: true, + detail: true, + eventPhase: true, + metaKey: true, + pageX: true, + pageY: true, + shiftKey: true, + view: true, + "char": true, + code: true, + charCode: true, + key: true, + keyCode: true, + button: true, + buttons: true, + clientX: true, + clientY: true, + offsetX: true, + offsetY: true, + pointerId: true, + pointerType: true, + screenX: true, + screenY: true, + targetTouches: true, + toElement: true, + touches: true, + + which: function( event ) { + var button = event.button; + + // Add which for key events + if ( event.which == null && rkeyEvent.test( event.type ) ) { + return event.charCode != null ? event.charCode : event.keyCode; + } + + // Add which for click: 1 === left; 2 === middle; 3 === right + if ( !event.which && button !== undefined && rmouseEvent.test( event.type ) ) { + if ( button & 1 ) { + return 1; + } + + if ( button & 2 ) { + return 3; + } + + if ( button & 4 ) { + return 2; + } + + return 0; + } + + return event.which; + } +}, jQuery.event.addProp ); + +jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( type, delegateType ) { + jQuery.event.special[ type ] = { + + // Utilize native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct + setup: function() { + + // Claim the first handler + // dataPriv.set( this, "focus", ... ) + // dataPriv.set( this, "blur", ... ) + leverageNative( this, type, expectSync ); + + // Return false to allow normal processing in the caller + return false; + }, + trigger: function() { + + // Force setup before trigger + leverageNative( this, type ); + + // Return non-false to allow normal event-path propagation + return true; + }, + + delegateType: delegateType + }; +} ); + +// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks +// so that event delegation works in jQuery. +// Do the same for pointerenter/pointerleave and pointerover/pointerout +// +// Support: Safari 7 only +// Safari sends mouseenter too often; see: +// https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=470258 +// for the description of the bug (it existed in older Chrome versions as well). +jQuery.each( { + mouseenter: "mouseover", + mouseleave: "mouseout", + pointerenter: "pointerover", + pointerleave: "pointerout" +}, function( orig, fix ) { + jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = { + delegateType: fix, + bindType: fix, + + handle: function( event ) { + var ret, + target = this, + related = event.relatedTarget, + handleObj = event.handleObj; + + // For mouseenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target. + // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window + if ( !related || ( related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related ) ) ) { + event.type = handleObj.origType; + ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments ); + event.type = fix; + } + return ret; + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + on: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn ); + }, + one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) { + return on( this, types, selector, data, fn, 1 ); + }, + off: function( types, selector, fn ) { + var handleObj, type; + if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) { + + // ( event ) dispatched jQuery.Event + handleObj = types.handleObj; + jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off( + handleObj.namespace ? + handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : + handleObj.origType, + handleObj.selector, + handleObj.handler + ); + return this; + } + if ( typeof types === "object" ) { + + // ( types-object [, selector] ) + for ( type in types ) { + this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] ); + } + return this; + } + if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) { + + // ( types [, fn] ) + fn = selector; + selector = undefined; + } + if ( fn === false ) { + fn = returnFalse; + } + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector ); + } ); + } +} ); + + +var + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11, Edge 12 - 13 only + // In IE/Edge using regex groups here causes severe slowdowns. + // See https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/1736512/ + rnoInnerhtml = /\s*$/g; + +// Prefer a tbody over its parent table for containing new rows +function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) { + if ( nodeName( elem, "table" ) && + nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ) { + + return jQuery( elem ).children( "tbody" )[ 0 ] || elem; + } + + return elem; +} + +// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation +function disableScript( elem ) { + elem.type = ( elem.getAttribute( "type" ) !== null ) + "/" + elem.type; + return elem; +} +function restoreScript( elem ) { + if ( ( elem.type || "" ).slice( 0, 5 ) === "true/" ) { + elem.type = elem.type.slice( 5 ); + } else { + elem.removeAttribute( "type" ); + } + + return elem; +} + +function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) { + var i, l, type, pdataOld, udataOld, udataCur, events; + + if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + // 1. Copy private data: events, handlers, etc. + if ( dataPriv.hasData( src ) ) { + pdataOld = dataPriv.get( src ); + events = pdataOld.events; + + if ( events ) { + dataPriv.remove( dest, "handle events" ); + + for ( type in events ) { + for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) { + jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] ); + } + } + } + } + + // 2. Copy user data + if ( dataUser.hasData( src ) ) { + udataOld = dataUser.access( src ); + udataCur = jQuery.extend( {}, udataOld ); + + dataUser.set( dest, udataCur ); + } +} + +// Fix IE bugs, see support tests +function fixInput( src, dest ) { + var nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase(); + + // Fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox or radio button. + if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) { + dest.checked = src.checked; + + // Fails to return the selected option to the default selected state when cloning options + } else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) { + dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; + } +} + +function domManip( collection, args, callback, ignored ) { + + // Flatten any nested arrays + args = flat( args ); + + var fragment, first, scripts, hasScripts, node, doc, + i = 0, + l = collection.length, + iNoClone = l - 1, + value = args[ 0 ], + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit + if ( valueIsFunction || + ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && + !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { + return collection.each( function( index ) { + var self = collection.eq( index ); + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + args[ 0 ] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); + } + domManip( self, args, callback, ignored ); + } ); + } + + if ( l ) { + fragment = buildFragment( args, collection[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, collection, ignored ); + first = fragment.firstChild; + + if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { + fragment = first; + } + + // Require either new content or an interest in ignored elements to invoke the callback + if ( first || ignored ) { + scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); + hasScripts = scripts.length; + + // Use the original fragment for the last item + // instead of the first because it can end up + // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + node = fragment; + + if ( i !== iNoClone ) { + node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); + + // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration + if ( hasScripts ) { + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + } + + callback.call( collection[ i ], node, i ); + } + + if ( hasScripts ) { + doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; + + // Reenable scripts + jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); + + // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion + for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { + node = scripts[ i ]; + if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && + !dataPriv.access( node, "globalEval" ) && + jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { + + if ( node.src && ( node.type || "" ).toLowerCase() !== "module" ) { + + // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present + if ( jQuery._evalUrl && !node.noModule ) { + jQuery._evalUrl( node.src, { + nonce: node.nonce || node.getAttribute( "nonce" ) + }, doc ); + } + } else { + DOMEval( node.textContent.replace( rcleanScript, "" ), node, doc ); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return collection; +} + +function remove( elem, selector, keepData ) { + var node, + nodes = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, elem ) : elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( node = nodes[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( !keepData && node.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( node ) ); + } + + if ( node.parentNode ) { + if ( keepData && isAttached( node ) ) { + setGlobalEval( getAll( node, "script" ) ); + } + node.parentNode.removeChild( node ); + } + } + + return elem; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + htmlPrefilter: function( html ) { + return html; + }, + + clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + var i, l, srcElements, destElements, + clone = elem.cloneNode( true ), + inPage = isAttached( elem ); + + // Fix IE cloning issues + if ( !support.noCloneChecked && ( elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11 ) && + !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: https://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 + destElements = getAll( clone ); + srcElements = getAll( elem ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + fixInput( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } + + // Copy the events from the original to the clone + if ( dataAndEvents ) { + if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { + srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); + destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); + + for ( i = 0, l = srcElements.length; i < l; i++ ) { + cloneCopyEvent( srcElements[ i ], destElements[ i ] ); + } + } else { + cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); + } + } + + // Preserve script evaluation history + destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); + if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { + setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); + } + + // Return the cloned set + return clone; + }, + + cleanData: function( elems ) { + var data, elem, type, + special = jQuery.event.special, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = elems[ i ] ) !== undefined; i++ ) { + if ( acceptData( elem ) ) { + if ( ( data = elem[ dataPriv.expando ] ) ) { + if ( data.events ) { + for ( type in data.events ) { + if ( special[ type ] ) { + jQuery.event.remove( elem, type ); + + // This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead + } else { + jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle ); + } + } + } + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataPriv.expando ] = undefined; + } + if ( elem[ dataUser.expando ] ) { + + // Support: Chrome <=35 - 45+ + // Assign undefined instead of using delete, see Data#remove + elem[ dataUser.expando ] = undefined; + } + } + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + detach: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector, true ); + }, + + remove: function( selector ) { + return remove( this, selector ); + }, + + text: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + return value === undefined ? + jQuery.text( this ) : + this.empty().each( function() { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + this.textContent = value; + } + } ); + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + append: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.appendChild( elem ); + } + } ); + }, + + prepend: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { + var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); + target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); + } + } ); + }, + + before: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); + } + } ); + }, + + after: function() { + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + if ( this.parentNode ) { + this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); + } + } ); + }, + + empty: function() { + var elem, + i = 0; + + for ( ; ( elem = this[ i ] ) != null; i++ ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Prevent memory leaks + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + + // Remove any remaining nodes + elem.textContent = ""; + } + } + + return this; + }, + + clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { + dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; + deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; + + return this.map( function() { + return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); + } ); + }, + + html: function( value ) { + return access( this, function( value ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, + i = 0, + l = this.length; + + if ( value === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + return elem.innerHTML; + } + + // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML + if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && + !wrapMap[ ( rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ] )[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { + + value = jQuery.htmlPrefilter( value ); + + try { + for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { + elem = this[ i ] || {}; + + // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); + elem.innerHTML = value; + } + } + + elem = 0; + + // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method + } catch ( e ) {} + } + + if ( elem ) { + this.empty().append( value ); + } + }, null, value, arguments.length ); + }, + + replaceWith: function() { + var ignored = []; + + // Make the changes, replacing each non-ignored context element with the new content + return domManip( this, arguments, function( elem ) { + var parent = this.parentNode; + + if ( jQuery.inArray( this, ignored ) < 0 ) { + jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); + if ( parent ) { + parent.replaceChild( elem, this ); + } + } + + // Force callback invocation + }, ignored ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( { + appendTo: "append", + prependTo: "prepend", + insertBefore: "before", + insertAfter: "after", + replaceAll: "replaceWith" +}, function( name, original ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { + var elems, + ret = [], + insert = jQuery( selector ), + last = insert.length - 1, + i = 0; + + for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { + elems = i === last ? this : this.clone( true ); + jQuery( insert[ i ] )[ original ]( elems ); + + // Support: Android <=4.0 only, PhantomJS 1 only + // .get() because push.apply(_, arraylike) throws on ancient WebKit + push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); + } + + return this.pushStack( ret ); + }; +} ); +var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" ); + +var getStyles = function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=11 only, Firefox <=30 (#15098, #14150) + // IE throws on elements created in popups + // FF meanwhile throws on frame elements through "defaultView.getComputedStyle" + var view = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView; + + if ( !view || !view.opener ) { + view = window; + } + + return view.getComputedStyle( elem ); + }; + +var swap = function( elem, options, callback ) { + var ret, name, + old = {}; + + // Remember the old values, and insert the new ones + for ( name in options ) { + old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ]; + elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ]; + } + + ret = callback.call( elem ); + + // Revert the old values + for ( name in options ) { + elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ]; + } + + return ret; +}; + + +var rboxStyle = new RegExp( cssExpand.join( "|" ), "i" ); + + + +( function() { + + // Executing both pixelPosition & boxSizingReliable tests require only one layout + // so they're executed at the same time to save the second computation. + function computeStyleTests() { + + // This is a singleton, we need to execute it only once + if ( !div ) { + return; + } + + container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;" + + "margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0"; + div.style.cssText = + "position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;" + + "margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;" + + "width:60%;top:1%"; + documentElement.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div ); + + var divStyle = window.getComputedStyle( div ); + pixelPositionVal = divStyle.top !== "1%"; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Firefox <=3 - 44 + reliableMarginLeftVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.marginLeft ) === 12; + + // Support: Android 4.0 - 4.3 only, Safari <=9.1 - 10.1, iOS <=7.0 - 9.3 + // Some styles come back with percentage values, even though they shouldn't + div.style.right = "60%"; + pixelBoxStylesVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.right ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Detect misreporting of content dimensions for box-sizing:border-box elements + boxSizingReliableVal = roundPixelMeasures( divStyle.width ) === 36; + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Detect overflow:scroll screwiness (gh-3699) + // Support: Chrome <=64 + // Don't get tricked when zoom affects offsetWidth (gh-4029) + div.style.position = "absolute"; + scrollboxSizeVal = roundPixelMeasures( div.offsetWidth / 3 ) === 12; + + documentElement.removeChild( container ); + + // Nullify the div so it wouldn't be stored in the memory and + // it will also be a sign that checks already performed + div = null; + } + + function roundPixelMeasures( measure ) { + return Math.round( parseFloat( measure ) ); + } + + var pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal, scrollboxSizeVal, pixelBoxStylesVal, + reliableTrDimensionsVal, reliableMarginLeftVal, + container = document.createElement( "div" ), + div = document.createElement( "div" ); + + // Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments + if ( !div.style ) { + return; + } + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // Style of cloned element affects source element cloned (#8908) + div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box"; + div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = ""; + support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box"; + + jQuery.extend( support, { + boxSizingReliable: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return boxSizingReliableVal; + }, + pixelBoxStyles: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelBoxStylesVal; + }, + pixelPosition: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return pixelPositionVal; + }, + reliableMarginLeft: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return reliableMarginLeftVal; + }, + scrollboxSize: function() { + computeStyleTests(); + return scrollboxSizeVal; + }, + + // Support: IE 9 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Behavior in IE 9 is more subtle than in newer versions & it passes + // some versions of this test; make sure not to make it pass there! + reliableTrDimensions: function() { + var table, tr, trChild, trStyle; + if ( reliableTrDimensionsVal == null ) { + table = document.createElement( "table" ); + tr = document.createElement( "tr" ); + trChild = document.createElement( "div" ); + + table.style.cssText = "position:absolute;left:-11111px"; + tr.style.height = "1px"; + trChild.style.height = "9px"; + + documentElement + .appendChild( table ) + .appendChild( tr ) + .appendChild( trChild ); + + trStyle = window.getComputedStyle( tr ); + reliableTrDimensionsVal = parseInt( trStyle.height ) > 3; + + documentElement.removeChild( table ); + } + return reliableTrDimensionsVal; + } + } ); +} )(); + + +function curCSS( elem, name, computed ) { + var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret, + + // Support: Firefox 51+ + // Retrieving style before computed somehow + // fixes an issue with getting wrong values + // on detached elements + style = elem.style; + + computed = computed || getStyles( elem ); + + // getPropertyValue is needed for: + // .css('filter') (IE 9 only, #12537) + // .css('--customProperty) (#3144) + if ( computed ) { + ret = computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ]; + + if ( ret === "" && !isAttached( elem ) ) { + ret = jQuery.style( elem, name ); + } + + // A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards" + // Android Browser returns percentage for some values, + // but width seems to be reliably pixels. + // This is against the CSSOM draft spec: + // https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom/#resolved-values + if ( !support.pixelBoxStyles() && rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rboxStyle.test( name ) ) { + + // Remember the original values + width = style.width; + minWidth = style.minWidth; + maxWidth = style.maxWidth; + + // Put in the new values to get a computed value out + style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret; + ret = computed.width; + + // Revert the changed values + style.width = width; + style.minWidth = minWidth; + style.maxWidth = maxWidth; + } + } + + return ret !== undefined ? + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // IE returns zIndex value as an integer. + ret + "" : + ret; +} + + +function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) { + + // Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed. + return { + get: function() { + if ( conditionFn() ) { + + // Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due + // to missing dependency), remove it. + delete this.get; + return; + } + + // Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again. + return ( this.get = hookFn ).apply( this, arguments ); + } + }; +} + + +var cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "Moz", "ms" ], + emptyStyle = document.createElement( "div" ).style, + vendorProps = {}; + +// Return a vendor-prefixed property or undefined +function vendorPropName( name ) { + + // Check for vendor prefixed names + var capName = name[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + name.slice( 1 ), + i = cssPrefixes.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName; + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + } +} + +// Return a potentially-mapped jQuery.cssProps or vendor prefixed property +function finalPropName( name ) { + var final = jQuery.cssProps[ name ] || vendorProps[ name ]; + + if ( final ) { + return final; + } + if ( name in emptyStyle ) { + return name; + } + return vendorProps[ name ] = vendorPropName( name ) || name; +} + + +var + + // Swappable if display is none or starts with table + // except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption" + // See here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display + rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/, + rcustomProp = /^--/, + cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" }, + cssNormalTransform = { + letterSpacing: "0", + fontWeight: "400" + }; + +function setPositiveNumber( _elem, value, subtract ) { + + // Any relative (+/-) values have already been + // normalized at this point + var matches = rcssNum.exec( value ); + return matches ? + + // Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks + Math.max( 0, matches[ 2 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) : + value; +} + +function boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, box, isBorderBox, styles, computedVal ) { + var i = dimension === "width" ? 1 : 0, + extra = 0, + delta = 0; + + // Adjustment may not be necessary + if ( box === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ) { + return 0; + } + + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) { + + // Both box models exclude margin + if ( box === "margin" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, box + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a content-box, we're seeking "padding" or "border" or "margin" + if ( !isBorderBox ) { + + // Add padding + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + + // For "border" or "margin", add border + if ( box !== "padding" ) { + delta += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + + // But still keep track of it otherwise + } else { + extra += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + + // If we get here with a border-box (content + padding + border), we're seeking "content" or + // "padding" or "margin" + } else { + + // For "content", subtract padding + if ( box === "content" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles ); + } + + // For "content" or "padding", subtract border + if ( box !== "margin" ) { + delta -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles ); + } + } + } + + // Account for positive content-box scroll gutter when requested by providing computedVal + if ( !isBorderBox && computedVal >= 0 ) { + + // offsetWidth/offsetHeight is a rounded sum of content, padding, scroll gutter, and border + // Assuming integer scroll gutter, subtract the rest and round down + delta += Math.max( 0, Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + computedVal - + delta - + extra - + 0.5 + + // If offsetWidth/offsetHeight is unknown, then we can't determine content-box scroll gutter + // Use an explicit zero to avoid NaN (gh-3964) + ) ) || 0; + } + + return delta; +} + +function getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ) { + + // Start with computed style + var styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-4322). + // Fake content-box until we know it's needed to know the true value. + boxSizingNeeded = !support.boxSizingReliable() || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox, + + val = curCSS( elem, dimension, styles ), + offsetProp = "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ); + + // Support: Firefox <=54 + // Return a confounding non-pixel value or feign ignorance, as appropriate. + if ( rnumnonpx.test( val ) ) { + if ( !extra ) { + return val; + } + val = "auto"; + } + + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // Use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for when box sizing is unreliable. + // In those cases, the computed value can be trusted to be border-box. + if ( ( !support.boxSizingReliable() && isBorderBox || + + // Support: IE 10 - 11+, Edge 15 - 18+ + // IE/Edge misreport `getComputedStyle` of table rows with width/height + // set in CSS while `offset*` properties report correct values. + // Interestingly, in some cases IE 9 doesn't suffer from this issue. + !support.reliableTrDimensions() && nodeName( elem, "tr" ) || + + // Fall back to offsetWidth/offsetHeight when value is "auto" + // This happens for inline elements with no explicit setting (gh-3571) + val === "auto" || + + // Support: Android <=4.1 - 4.3 only + // Also use offsetWidth/offsetHeight for misreported inline dimensions (gh-3602) + !parseFloat( val ) && jQuery.css( elem, "display", false, styles ) === "inline" ) && + + // Make sure the element is visible & connected + elem.getClientRects().length ) { + + isBorderBox = jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box"; + + // Where available, offsetWidth/offsetHeight approximate border box dimensions. + // Where not available (e.g., SVG), assume unreliable box-sizing and interpret the + // retrieved value as a content box dimension. + valueIsBorderBox = offsetProp in elem; + if ( valueIsBorderBox ) { + val = elem[ offsetProp ]; + } + } + + // Normalize "" and auto + val = parseFloat( val ) || 0; + + // Adjust for the element's box model + return ( val + + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ), + valueIsBorderBox, + styles, + + // Provide the current computed size to request scroll gutter calculation (gh-3589) + val + ) + ) + "px"; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Add in style property hooks for overriding the default + // behavior of getting and setting a style property + cssHooks: { + opacity: { + get: function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // We should always get a number back from opacity + var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" ); + return ret === "" ? "1" : ret; + } + } + } + }, + + // Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties + cssNumber: { + "animationIterationCount": true, + "columnCount": true, + "fillOpacity": true, + "flexGrow": true, + "flexShrink": true, + "fontWeight": true, + "gridArea": true, + "gridColumn": true, + "gridColumnEnd": true, + "gridColumnStart": true, + "gridRow": true, + "gridRowEnd": true, + "gridRowStart": true, + "lineHeight": true, + "opacity": true, + "order": true, + "orphans": true, + "widows": true, + "zIndex": true, + "zoom": true + }, + + // Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before + // setting or getting the value + cssProps: {}, + + // Get and set the style property on a DOM Node + style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) { + + // Don't set styles on text and comment nodes + if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) { + return; + } + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name + var ret, type, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ), + style = elem.style; + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to query the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Gets hook for the prefixed version, then unprefixed version + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // Check if we're setting a value + if ( value !== undefined ) { + type = typeof value; + + // Convert "+=" or "-=" to relative numbers (#7345) + if ( type === "string" && ( ret = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && ret[ 1 ] ) { + value = adjustCSS( elem, name, ret ); + + // Fixes bug #9237 + type = "number"; + } + + // Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set (#7116) + if ( value == null || value !== value ) { + return; + } + + // If a number was passed in, add the unit (except for certain CSS properties) + // The isCustomProp check can be removed in jQuery 4.0 when we only auto-append + // "px" to a few hardcoded values. + if ( type === "number" && !isCustomProp ) { + value += ret && ret[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ? "" : "px" ); + } + + // background-* props affect original clone's values + if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf( "background" ) === 0 ) { + style[ name ] = "inherit"; + } + + // If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || + ( value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + if ( isCustomProp ) { + style.setProperty( name, value ); + } else { + style[ name ] = value; + } + } + + } else { + + // If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra ) ) !== undefined ) { + + return ret; + } + + // Otherwise just get the value from the style object + return style[ name ]; + } + }, + + css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) { + var val, num, hooks, + origName = camelCase( name ), + isCustomProp = rcustomProp.test( name ); + + // Make sure that we're working with the right name. We don't + // want to modify the value if it is a CSS custom property + // since they are user-defined. + if ( !isCustomProp ) { + name = finalPropName( origName ); + } + + // Try prefixed name followed by the unprefixed name + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ]; + + // If a hook was provided get the computed value from there + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) { + val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra ); + } + + // Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that + if ( val === undefined ) { + val = curCSS( elem, name, styles ); + } + + // Convert "normal" to computed value + if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) { + val = cssNormalTransform[ name ]; + } + + // Make numeric if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric + if ( extra === "" || extra ) { + num = parseFloat( val ); + return extra === true || isFinite( num ) ? num || 0 : val; + } + + return val; + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "height", "width" ], function( _i, dimension ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ dimension ] = { + get: function( elem, computed, extra ) { + if ( computed ) { + + // Certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them + // but it must have a current display style that would benefit + return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && + + // Support: Safari 8+ + // Table columns in Safari have non-zero offsetWidth & zero + // getBoundingClientRect().width unless display is changed. + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Running getBoundingClientRect on a disconnected node + // in IE throws an error. + ( !elem.getClientRects().length || !elem.getBoundingClientRect().width ) ? + swap( elem, cssShow, function() { + return getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } ) : + getWidthOrHeight( elem, dimension, extra ); + } + }, + + set: function( elem, value, extra ) { + var matches, + styles = getStyles( elem ), + + // Only read styles.position if the test has a chance to fail + // to avoid forcing a reflow. + scrollboxSizeBuggy = !support.scrollboxSize() && + styles.position === "absolute", + + // To avoid forcing a reflow, only fetch boxSizing if we need it (gh-3991) + boxSizingNeeded = scrollboxSizeBuggy || extra, + isBorderBox = boxSizingNeeded && + jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box", + subtract = extra ? + boxModelAdjustment( + elem, + dimension, + extra, + isBorderBox, + styles + ) : + 0; + + // Account for unreliable border-box dimensions by comparing offset* to computed and + // faking a content-box to get border and padding (gh-3699) + if ( isBorderBox && scrollboxSizeBuggy ) { + subtract -= Math.ceil( + elem[ "offset" + dimension[ 0 ].toUpperCase() + dimension.slice( 1 ) ] - + parseFloat( styles[ dimension ] ) - + boxModelAdjustment( elem, dimension, "border", false, styles ) - + 0.5 + ); + } + + // Convert to pixels if value adjustment is needed + if ( subtract && ( matches = rcssNum.exec( value ) ) && + ( matches[ 3 ] || "px" ) !== "px" ) { + + elem.style[ dimension ] = value; + value = jQuery.css( elem, dimension ); + } + + return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ); + } + }; +} ); + +jQuery.cssHooks.marginLeft = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginLeft, + function( elem, computed ) { + if ( computed ) { + return ( parseFloat( curCSS( elem, "marginLeft" ) ) || + elem.getBoundingClientRect().left - + swap( elem, { marginLeft: 0 }, function() { + return elem.getBoundingClientRect().left; + } ) + ) + "px"; + } + } +); + +// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties +jQuery.each( { + margin: "", + padding: "", + border: "Width" +}, function( prefix, suffix ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = { + expand: function( value ) { + var i = 0, + expanded = {}, + + // Assumes a single number if not a string + parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split( " " ) : [ value ]; + + for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) { + expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] = + parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ]; + } + + return expanded; + } + }; + + if ( prefix !== "margin" ) { + jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber; + } +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + css: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) { + var styles, len, + map = {}, + i = 0; + + if ( Array.isArray( name ) ) { + styles = getStyles( elem ); + len = name.length; + + for ( ; i < len; i++ ) { + map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles ); + } + + return map; + } + + return value !== undefined ? + jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) : + jQuery.css( elem, name ); + }, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + } +} ); + + +function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) { + return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing ); +} +jQuery.Tween = Tween; + +Tween.prototype = { + constructor: Tween, + init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) { + this.elem = elem; + this.prop = prop; + this.easing = easing || jQuery.easing._default; + this.options = options; + this.start = this.now = this.cur(); + this.end = end; + this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ); + }, + cur: function() { + var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + return hooks && hooks.get ? + hooks.get( this ) : + Tween.propHooks._default.get( this ); + }, + run: function( percent ) { + var eased, + hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ]; + + if ( this.options.duration ) { + this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ]( + percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration + ); + } else { + this.pos = eased = percent; + } + this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start; + + if ( this.options.step ) { + this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this ); + } + + if ( hooks && hooks.set ) { + hooks.set( this ); + } else { + Tween.propHooks._default.set( this ); + } + return this; + } +}; + +Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype; + +Tween.propHooks = { + _default: { + get: function( tween ) { + var result; + + // Use a property on the element directly when it is not a DOM element, + // or when there is no matching style property that exists. + if ( tween.elem.nodeType !== 1 || + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null && tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null ) { + return tween.elem[ tween.prop ]; + } + + // Passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically + // attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails. + // Simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float; + // complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as-is. + result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" ); + + // Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0. + return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result; + }, + set: function( tween ) { + + // Use step hook for back compat. + // Use cssHook if its there. + // Use .style if available and use plain properties where available. + if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) { + jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween ); + } else if ( tween.elem.nodeType === 1 && ( + jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] || + tween.elem.style[ finalPropName( tween.prop ) ] != null ) ) { + jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit ); + } else { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } + } +}; + +// Support: IE <=9 only +// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes +Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = { + set: function( tween ) { + if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) { + tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now; + } + } +}; + +jQuery.easing = { + linear: function( p ) { + return p; + }, + swing: function( p ) { + return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2; + }, + _default: "swing" +}; + +jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init; + +// Back compat <1.8 extension point +jQuery.fx.step = {}; + + + + +var + fxNow, inProgress, + rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/, + rrun = /queueHooks$/; + +function schedule() { + if ( inProgress ) { + if ( document.hidden === false && window.requestAnimationFrame ) { + window.requestAnimationFrame( schedule ); + } else { + window.setTimeout( schedule, jQuery.fx.interval ); + } + + jQuery.fx.tick(); + } +} + +// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously +function createFxNow() { + window.setTimeout( function() { + fxNow = undefined; + } ); + return ( fxNow = Date.now() ); +} + +// Generate parameters to create a standard animation +function genFx( type, includeWidth ) { + var which, + i = 0, + attrs = { height: type }; + + // If we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values, + // otherwise step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right + includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0; + for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 - includeWidth ) { + which = cssExpand[ i ]; + attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type; + } + + if ( includeWidth ) { + attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type; + } + + return attrs; +} + +function createTween( value, prop, animation ) { + var tween, + collection = ( Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( Animation.tweeners[ "*" ] ), + index = 0, + length = collection.length; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( ( tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value ) ) ) { + + // We're done with this property + return tween; + } + } +} + +function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) { + var prop, value, toggle, hooks, oldfire, propTween, restoreDisplay, display, + isBox = "width" in props || "height" in props, + anim = this, + orig = {}, + style = elem.style, + hidden = elem.nodeType && isHiddenWithinTree( elem ), + dataShow = dataPriv.get( elem, "fxshow" ); + + // Queue-skipping animations hijack the fx hooks + if ( !opts.queue ) { + hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" ); + if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) { + hooks.unqueued = 0; + oldfire = hooks.empty.fire; + hooks.empty.fire = function() { + if ( !hooks.unqueued ) { + oldfire(); + } + }; + } + hooks.unqueued++; + + anim.always( function() { + + // Ensure the complete handler is called before this completes + anim.always( function() { + hooks.unqueued--; + if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) { + hooks.empty.fire(); + } + } ); + } ); + } + + // Detect show/hide animations + for ( prop in props ) { + value = props[ prop ]; + if ( rfxtypes.test( value ) ) { + delete props[ prop ]; + toggle = toggle || value === "toggle"; + if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) { + + // Pretend to be hidden if this is a "show" and + // there is still data from a stopped show/hide + if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) { + hidden = true; + + // Ignore all other no-op show/hide data + } else { + continue; + } + } + orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop ); + } + } + + // Bail out if this is a no-op like .hide().hide() + propTween = !jQuery.isEmptyObject( props ); + if ( !propTween && jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) { + return; + } + + // Restrict "overflow" and "display" styles during box animations + if ( isBox && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not infer the shorthand + // from identically-valued overflowX and overflowY and Edge just mirrors + // the overflowX value there. + opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ]; + + // Identify a display type, preferring old show/hide data over the CSS cascade + restoreDisplay = dataShow && dataShow.display; + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + restoreDisplay = dataPriv.get( elem, "display" ); + } + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + if ( display === "none" ) { + if ( restoreDisplay ) { + display = restoreDisplay; + } else { + + // Get nonempty value(s) by temporarily forcing visibility + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + restoreDisplay = elem.style.display || restoreDisplay; + display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" ); + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + } + + // Animate inline elements as inline-block + if ( display === "inline" || display === "inline-block" && restoreDisplay != null ) { + if ( jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) { + + // Restore the original display value at the end of pure show/hide animations + if ( !propTween ) { + anim.done( function() { + style.display = restoreDisplay; + } ); + if ( restoreDisplay == null ) { + display = style.display; + restoreDisplay = display === "none" ? "" : display; + } + } + style.display = "inline-block"; + } + } + } + + if ( opts.overflow ) { + style.overflow = "hidden"; + anim.always( function() { + style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ]; + style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ]; + style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ]; + } ); + } + + // Implement show/hide animations + propTween = false; + for ( prop in orig ) { + + // General show/hide setup for this element animation + if ( !propTween ) { + if ( dataShow ) { + if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) { + hidden = dataShow.hidden; + } + } else { + dataShow = dataPriv.access( elem, "fxshow", { display: restoreDisplay } ); + } + + // Store hidden/visible for toggle so `.stop().toggle()` "reverses" + if ( toggle ) { + dataShow.hidden = !hidden; + } + + // Show elements before animating them + if ( hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ], true ); + } + + /* eslint-disable no-loop-func */ + + anim.done( function() { + + /* eslint-enable no-loop-func */ + + // The final step of a "hide" animation is actually hiding the element + if ( !hidden ) { + showHide( [ elem ] ); + } + dataPriv.remove( elem, "fxshow" ); + for ( prop in orig ) { + jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] ); + } + } ); + } + + // Per-property setup + propTween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim ); + if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) { + dataShow[ prop ] = propTween.start; + if ( hidden ) { + propTween.end = propTween.start; + propTween.start = 0; + } + } + } +} + +function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) { + var index, name, easing, value, hooks; + + // camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass + for ( index in props ) { + name = camelCase( index ); + easing = specialEasing[ name ]; + value = props[ index ]; + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + easing = value[ 1 ]; + value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ]; + } + + if ( index !== name ) { + props[ name ] = value; + delete props[ index ]; + } + + hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ]; + if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) { + value = hooks.expand( value ); + delete props[ name ]; + + // Not quite $.extend, this won't overwrite existing keys. + // Reusing 'index' because we have the correct "name" + for ( index in value ) { + if ( !( index in props ) ) { + props[ index ] = value[ index ]; + specialEasing[ index ] = easing; + } + } + } else { + specialEasing[ name ] = easing; + } + } +} + +function Animation( elem, properties, options ) { + var result, + stopped, + index = 0, + length = Animation.prefilters.length, + deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() { + + // Don't match elem in the :animated selector + delete tick.elem; + } ), + tick = function() { + if ( stopped ) { + return false; + } + var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(), + remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ), + + // Support: Android 2.3 only + // Archaic crash bug won't allow us to use `1 - ( 0.5 || 0 )` (#12497) + temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0, + percent = 1 - temp, + index = 0, + length = animation.tweens.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent ); + } + + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ] ); + + // If there's more to do, yield + if ( percent < 1 && length ) { + return remaining; + } + + // If this was an empty animation, synthesize a final progress notification + if ( !length ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + } + + // Resolve the animation and report its conclusion + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] ); + return false; + }, + animation = deferred.promise( { + elem: elem, + props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ), + opts: jQuery.extend( true, { + specialEasing: {}, + easing: jQuery.easing._default + }, options ), + originalProperties: properties, + originalOptions: options, + startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(), + duration: options.duration, + tweens: [], + createTween: function( prop, end ) { + var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end, + animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing ); + animation.tweens.push( tween ); + return tween; + }, + stop: function( gotoEnd ) { + var index = 0, + + // If we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens + // otherwise we skip this part + length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0; + if ( stopped ) { + return this; + } + stopped = true; + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 ); + } + + // Resolve when we played the last frame; otherwise, reject + if ( gotoEnd ) { + deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, 1, 0 ] ); + deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] ); + } + return this; + } + } ), + props = animation.props; + + propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing ); + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + result = Animation.prefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts ); + if ( result ) { + if ( isFunction( result.stop ) ) { + jQuery._queueHooks( animation.elem, animation.opts.queue ).stop = + result.stop.bind( result ); + } + return result; + } + } + + jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation ); + + if ( isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) { + animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation ); + } + + // Attach callbacks from options + animation + .progress( animation.opts.progress ) + .done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete ) + .fail( animation.opts.fail ) + .always( animation.opts.always ); + + jQuery.fx.timer( + jQuery.extend( tick, { + elem: elem, + anim: animation, + queue: animation.opts.queue + } ) + ); + + return animation; +} + +jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, { + + tweeners: { + "*": [ function( prop, value ) { + var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ); + adjustCSS( tween.elem, prop, rcssNum.exec( value ), tween ); + return tween; + } ] + }, + + tweener: function( props, callback ) { + if ( isFunction( props ) ) { + callback = props; + props = [ "*" ]; + } else { + props = props.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + } + + var prop, + index = 0, + length = props.length; + + for ( ; index < length; index++ ) { + prop = props[ index ]; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ] = Animation.tweeners[ prop ] || []; + Animation.tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback ); + } + }, + + prefilters: [ defaultPrefilter ], + + prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) { + if ( prepend ) { + Animation.prefilters.unshift( callback ); + } else { + Animation.prefilters.push( callback ); + } + } +} ); + +jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) { + var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : { + complete: fn || !fn && easing || + isFunction( speed ) && speed, + duration: speed, + easing: fn && easing || easing && !isFunction( easing ) && easing + }; + + // Go to the end state if fx are off + if ( jQuery.fx.off ) { + opt.duration = 0; + + } else { + if ( typeof opt.duration !== "number" ) { + if ( opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ) { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ]; + + } else { + opt.duration = jQuery.fx.speeds._default; + } + } + } + + // Normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx" + if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) { + opt.queue = "fx"; + } + + // Queueing + opt.old = opt.complete; + + opt.complete = function() { + if ( isFunction( opt.old ) ) { + opt.old.call( this ); + } + + if ( opt.queue ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue ); + } + }; + + return opt; +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) { + + // Show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0 + return this.filter( isHiddenWithinTree ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show() + + // Animate to the value specified + .end().animate( { opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback ); + }, + animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) { + var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ), + optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ), + doAnimation = function() { + + // Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost + var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall ); + + // Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately + if ( empty || dataPriv.get( this, "finish" ) ) { + anim.stop( true ); + } + }; + doAnimation.finish = doAnimation; + + return empty || optall.queue === false ? + this.each( doAnimation ) : + this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation ); + }, + stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) { + var stopQueue = function( hooks ) { + var stop = hooks.stop; + delete hooks.stop; + stop( gotoEnd ); + }; + + if ( typeof type !== "string" ) { + gotoEnd = clearQueue; + clearQueue = type; + type = undefined; + } + if ( clearQueue ) { + this.queue( type || "fx", [] ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var dequeue = true, + index = type != null && type + "queueHooks", + timers = jQuery.timers, + data = dataPriv.get( this ); + + if ( index ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } else { + for ( index in data ) { + if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) { + stopQueue( data[ index ] ); + } + } + } + + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && + ( type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type ) ) { + + timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd ); + dequeue = false; + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced. + // Timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which + // will dequeue but only if they were gotoEnd. + if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) { + jQuery.dequeue( this, type ); + } + } ); + }, + finish: function( type ) { + if ( type !== false ) { + type = type || "fx"; + } + return this.each( function() { + var index, + data = dataPriv.get( this ), + queue = data[ type + "queue" ], + hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ], + timers = jQuery.timers, + length = queue ? queue.length : 0; + + // Enable finishing flag on private data + data.finish = true; + + // Empty the queue first + jQuery.queue( this, type, [] ); + + if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) { + hooks.stop.call( this, true ); + } + + // Look for any active animations, and finish them + for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) { + if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) { + timers[ index ].anim.stop( true ); + timers.splice( index, 1 ); + } + } + + // Look for any animations in the old queue and finish them + for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) { + if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) { + queue[ index ].finish.call( this ); + } + } + + // Turn off finishing flag + delete data.finish; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( _i, name ) { + var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ]; + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ? + cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) : + this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +// Generate shortcuts for custom animations +jQuery.each( { + slideDown: genFx( "show" ), + slideUp: genFx( "hide" ), + slideToggle: genFx( "toggle" ), + fadeIn: { opacity: "show" }, + fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" }, + fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" } +}, function( name, props ) { + jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) { + return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.timers = []; +jQuery.fx.tick = function() { + var timer, + i = 0, + timers = jQuery.timers; + + fxNow = Date.now(); + + for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) { + timer = timers[ i ]; + + // Run the timer and safely remove it when done (allowing for external removal) + if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) { + timers.splice( i--, 1 ); + } + } + + if ( !timers.length ) { + jQuery.fx.stop(); + } + fxNow = undefined; +}; + +jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) { + jQuery.timers.push( timer ); + jQuery.fx.start(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.interval = 13; +jQuery.fx.start = function() { + if ( inProgress ) { + return; + } + + inProgress = true; + schedule(); +}; + +jQuery.fx.stop = function() { + inProgress = null; +}; + +jQuery.fx.speeds = { + slow: 600, + fast: 200, + + // Default speed + _default: 400 +}; + + +// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission. +// https://web.archive.org/web/20100324014747/http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/ +jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) { + time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time; + type = type || "fx"; + + return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) { + var timeout = window.setTimeout( next, time ); + hooks.stop = function() { + window.clearTimeout( timeout ); + }; + } ); +}; + + +( function() { + var input = document.createElement( "input" ), + select = document.createElement( "select" ), + opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement( "option" ) ); + + input.type = "checkbox"; + + // Support: Android <=4.3 only + // Default value for a checkbox should be "on" + support.checkOn = input.value !== ""; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // Must access selectedIndex to make default options select + support.optSelected = opt.selected; + + // Support: IE <=11 only + // An input loses its value after becoming a radio + input = document.createElement( "input" ); + input.value = "t"; + input.type = "radio"; + support.radioValue = input.value === "t"; +} )(); + + +var boolHook, + attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + attr: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeAttr: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.removeAttr( this, name ); + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + attr: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + // Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported + if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === "undefined" ) { + return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value ); + } + + // Attribute hooks are determined by the lowercase version + // Grab necessary hook if one is defined + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name.toLowerCase() ] || + ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : undefined ); + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( value === null ) { + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + return; + } + + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" ); + return value; + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name ); + + // Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined + return ret == null ? undefined : ret; + }, + + attrHooks: { + type: { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && + nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) { + var val = elem.value; + elem.setAttribute( "type", value ); + if ( val ) { + elem.value = val; + } + return value; + } + } + } + }, + + removeAttr: function( elem, value ) { + var name, + i = 0, + + // Attribute names can contain non-HTML whitespace characters + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2 + attrNames = value && value.match( rnothtmlwhite ); + + if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) { + while ( ( name = attrNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + elem.removeAttribute( name ); + } + } + } +} ); + +// Hooks for boolean attributes +boolHook = { + set: function( elem, value, name ) { + if ( value === false ) { + + // Remove boolean attributes when set to false + jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name ); + } else { + elem.setAttribute( name, name ); + } + return name; + } +}; + +jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( _i, name ) { + var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr; + + attrHandle[ name ] = function( elem, name, isXML ) { + var ret, handle, + lowercaseName = name.toLowerCase(); + + if ( !isXML ) { + + // Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter + handle = attrHandle[ lowercaseName ]; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = ret; + ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ? + lowercaseName : + null; + attrHandle[ lowercaseName ] = handle; + } + return ret; + }; +} ); + + + + +var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i, + rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + prop: function( name, value ) { + return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 ); + }, + + removeProp: function( name ) { + return this.each( function() { + delete this[ jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name ]; + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + prop: function( elem, name, value ) { + var ret, hooks, + nType = elem.nodeType; + + // Don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes + if ( nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) { + return; + } + + if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) { + + // Fix name and attach hooks + name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name; + hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ]; + } + + if ( value !== undefined ) { + if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name ) ) !== undefined ) { + return ret; + } + + return ( elem[ name ] = value ); + } + + if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && ( ret = hooks.get( elem, name ) ) !== null ) { + return ret; + } + + return elem[ name ]; + }, + + propHooks: { + tabIndex: { + get: function( elem ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 - 11 only + // elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the + // correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set + // https://web.archive.org/web/20141116233347/http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/ + // Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072) + var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" ); + + if ( tabindex ) { + return parseInt( tabindex, 10 ); + } + + if ( + rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || + rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && + elem.href + ) { + return 0; + } + + return -1; + } + } + }, + + propFix: { + "for": "htmlFor", + "class": "className" + } +} ); + +// Support: IE <=11 only +// Accessing the selectedIndex property +// forces the browser to respect setting selected +// on the option +// The getter ensures a default option is selected +// when in an optgroup +// eslint rule "no-unused-expressions" is disabled for this code +// since it considers such accessions noop +if ( !support.optSelected ) { + jQuery.propHooks.selected = { + get: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent && parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + return null; + }, + set: function( elem ) { + + /* eslint no-unused-expressions: "off" */ + + var parent = elem.parentNode; + if ( parent ) { + parent.selectedIndex; + + if ( parent.parentNode ) { + parent.parentNode.selectedIndex; + } + } + } + }; +} + +jQuery.each( [ + "tabIndex", + "readOnly", + "maxLength", + "cellSpacing", + "cellPadding", + "rowSpan", + "colSpan", + "useMap", + "frameBorder", + "contentEditable" +], function() { + jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this; +} ); + + + + + // Strip and collapse whitespace according to HTML spec + // https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-ascii-whitespace + function stripAndCollapse( value ) { + var tokens = value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + return tokens.join( " " ); + } + + +function getClass( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute && elem.getAttribute( "class" ) || ""; +} + +function classesToArray( value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return value; + } + if ( typeof value === "string" ) { + return value.match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + } + return []; +} + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + addClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) { + cur += clazz + " "; + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + removeClass: function( value ) { + var classes, elem, cur, curValue, clazz, j, finalValue, + i = 0; + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( j ) { + jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, getClass( this ) ) ); + } ); + } + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + return this.attr( "class", "" ); + } + + classes = classesToArray( value ); + + if ( classes.length ) { + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + curValue = getClass( elem ); + + // This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass) + cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( " " + stripAndCollapse( curValue ) + " " ); + + if ( cur ) { + j = 0; + while ( ( clazz = classes[ j++ ] ) ) { + + // Remove *all* instances + while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) > -1 ) { + cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " ); + } + } + + // Only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering. + finalValue = stripAndCollapse( cur ); + if ( curValue !== finalValue ) { + elem.setAttribute( "class", finalValue ); + } + } + } + } + + return this; + }, + + toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) { + var type = typeof value, + isValidValue = type === "string" || Array.isArray( value ); + + if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && isValidValue ) { + return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value ); + } + + if ( isFunction( value ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).toggleClass( + value.call( this, i, getClass( this ), stateVal ), + stateVal + ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var className, i, self, classNames; + + if ( isValidValue ) { + + // Toggle individual class names + i = 0; + self = jQuery( this ); + classNames = classesToArray( value ); + + while ( ( className = classNames[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Check each className given, space separated list + if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) { + self.removeClass( className ); + } else { + self.addClass( className ); + } + } + + // Toggle whole class name + } else if ( value === undefined || type === "boolean" ) { + className = getClass( this ); + if ( className ) { + + // Store className if set + dataPriv.set( this, "__className__", className ); + } + + // If the element has a class name or if we're passed `false`, + // then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it). + // Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything), + // falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored. + if ( this.setAttribute ) { + this.setAttribute( "class", + className || value === false ? + "" : + dataPriv.get( this, "__className__" ) || "" + ); + } + } + } ); + }, + + hasClass: function( selector ) { + var className, elem, + i = 0; + + className = " " + selector + " "; + while ( ( elem = this[ i++ ] ) ) { + if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && + ( " " + stripAndCollapse( getClass( elem ) ) + " " ).indexOf( className ) > -1 ) { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } +} ); + + + + +var rreturn = /\r/g; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + val: function( value ) { + var hooks, ret, valueIsFunction, + elem = this[ 0 ]; + + if ( !arguments.length ) { + if ( elem ) { + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || + jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + if ( hooks && + "get" in hooks && + ( ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" ) ) !== undefined + ) { + return ret; + } + + ret = elem.value; + + // Handle most common string cases + if ( typeof ret === "string" ) { + return ret.replace( rreturn, "" ); + } + + // Handle cases where value is null/undef or number + return ret == null ? "" : ret; + } + + return; + } + + valueIsFunction = isFunction( value ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + var val; + + if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) { + return; + } + + if ( valueIsFunction ) { + val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() ); + } else { + val = value; + } + + // Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string + if ( val == null ) { + val = ""; + + } else if ( typeof val === "number" ) { + val += ""; + + } else if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) { + return value == null ? "" : value + ""; + } ); + } + + hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ]; + + // If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting + if ( !hooks || !( "set" in hooks ) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) { + this.value = val; + } + } ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.extend( { + valHooks: { + option: { + get: function( elem ) { + + var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" ); + return val != null ? + val : + + // Support: IE <=10 - 11 only + // option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858) + // Strip and collapse whitespace + // https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#strip-and-collapse-whitespace + stripAndCollapse( jQuery.text( elem ) ); + } + }, + select: { + get: function( elem ) { + var value, option, i, + options = elem.options, + index = elem.selectedIndex, + one = elem.type === "select-one", + values = one ? null : [], + max = one ? index + 1 : options.length; + + if ( index < 0 ) { + i = max; + + } else { + i = one ? index : 0; + } + + // Loop through all the selected options + for ( ; i < max; i++ ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE8-9 doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551) + if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) && + + // Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup + !option.disabled && + ( !option.parentNode.disabled || + !nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) { + + // Get the specific value for the option + value = jQuery( option ).val(); + + // We don't need an array for one selects + if ( one ) { + return value; + } + + // Multi-Selects return an array + values.push( value ); + } + } + + return values; + }, + + set: function( elem, value ) { + var optionSet, option, + options = elem.options, + values = jQuery.makeArray( value ), + i = options.length; + + while ( i-- ) { + option = options[ i ]; + + /* eslint-disable no-cond-assign */ + + if ( option.selected = + jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) > -1 + ) { + optionSet = true; + } + + /* eslint-enable no-cond-assign */ + } + + // Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set + if ( !optionSet ) { + elem.selectedIndex = -1; + } + return values; + } + } + } +} ); + +// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter +jQuery.each( [ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = { + set: function( elem, value ) { + if ( Array.isArray( value ) ) { + return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery( elem ).val(), value ) > -1 ); + } + } + }; + if ( !support.checkOn ) { + jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) { + return elem.getAttribute( "value" ) === null ? "on" : elem.value; + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion + + +support.focusin = "onfocusin" in window; + + +var rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/, + stopPropagationCallback = function( e ) { + e.stopPropagation(); + }; + +jQuery.extend( jQuery.event, { + + trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) { + + var i, cur, tmp, bubbleType, ontype, handle, special, lastElement, + eventPath = [ elem || document ], + type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event, + namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split( "." ) : []; + + cur = lastElement = tmp = elem = elem || document; + + // Don't do events on text and comment nodes + if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) { + return; + } + + // focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now + if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) { + return; + } + + if ( type.indexOf( "." ) > -1 ) { + + // Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle() + namespaces = type.split( "." ); + type = namespaces.shift(); + namespaces.sort(); + } + ontype = type.indexOf( ":" ) < 0 && "on" + type; + + // Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string + event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ? + event : + new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event ); + + // Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true) + event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3; + event.namespace = namespaces.join( "." ); + event.rnamespace = event.namespace ? + new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join( "\\.(?:.*\\.|)" ) + "(\\.|$)" ) : + null; + + // Clean up the event in case it is being reused + event.result = undefined; + if ( !event.target ) { + event.target = elem; + } + + // Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list + data = data == null ? + [ event ] : + jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] ); + + // Allow special events to draw outside the lines + special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {}; + if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) { + return; + } + + // Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951) + // Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724) + if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + bubbleType = special.delegateType || type; + if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) { + cur = cur.parentNode; + } + for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) { + eventPath.push( cur ); + tmp = cur; + } + + // Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM) + if ( tmp === ( elem.ownerDocument || document ) ) { + eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window ); + } + } + + // Fire handlers on the event path + i = 0; + while ( ( cur = eventPath[ i++ ] ) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement = cur; + event.type = i > 1 ? + bubbleType : + special.bindType || type; + + // jQuery handler + handle = ( + dataPriv.get( cur, "events" ) || Object.create( null ) + )[ event.type ] && + dataPriv.get( cur, "handle" ); + if ( handle ) { + handle.apply( cur, data ); + } + + // Native handler + handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ]; + if ( handle && handle.apply && acceptData( cur ) ) { + event.result = handle.apply( cur, data ); + if ( event.result === false ) { + event.preventDefault(); + } + } + } + event.type = type; + + // If nobody prevented the default action, do it now + if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) { + + if ( ( !special._default || + special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false ) && + acceptData( elem ) ) { + + // Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name as the event. + // Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170) + if ( ontype && isFunction( elem[ type ] ) && !isWindow( elem ) ) { + + // Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method + tmp = elem[ ontype ]; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = null; + } + + // Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above + jQuery.event.triggered = type; + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.addEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + elem[ type ](); + + if ( event.isPropagationStopped() ) { + lastElement.removeEventListener( type, stopPropagationCallback ); + } + + jQuery.event.triggered = undefined; + + if ( tmp ) { + elem[ ontype ] = tmp; + } + } + } + } + + return event.result; + }, + + // Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one + // Used only for `focus(in | out)` events + simulate: function( type, elem, event ) { + var e = jQuery.extend( + new jQuery.Event(), + event, + { + type: type, + isSimulated: true + } + ); + + jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem ); + } + +} ); + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + + trigger: function( type, data ) { + return this.each( function() { + jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this ); + } ); + }, + triggerHandler: function( type, data ) { + var elem = this[ 0 ]; + if ( elem ) { + return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true ); + } + } +} ); + + +// Support: Firefox <=44 +// Firefox doesn't have focus(in | out) events +// Related ticket - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=687787 +// +// Support: Chrome <=48 - 49, Safari <=9.0 - 9.1 +// focus(in | out) events fire after focus & blur events, +// which is spec violation - http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Events/#events-focusevent-event-order +// Related ticket - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=449857 +if ( !support.focusin ) { + jQuery.each( { focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) { + + // Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout + var handler = function( event ) { + jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ) ); + }; + + jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = { + setup: function() { + + // Handle: regular nodes (via `this.ownerDocument`), window + // (via `this.document`) & document (via `this`). + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ); + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + } + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 ); + }, + teardown: function() { + var doc = this.ownerDocument || this.document || this, + attaches = dataPriv.access( doc, fix ) - 1; + + if ( !attaches ) { + doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true ); + dataPriv.remove( doc, fix ); + + } else { + dataPriv.access( doc, fix, attaches ); + } + } + }; + } ); +} +var location = window.location; + +var nonce = { guid: Date.now() }; + +var rquery = ( /\?/ ); + + + +// Cross-browser xml parsing +jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) { + var xml; + if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) { + return null; + } + + // Support: IE 9 - 11 only + // IE throws on parseFromString with invalid input. + try { + xml = ( new window.DOMParser() ).parseFromString( data, "text/xml" ); + } catch ( e ) { + xml = undefined; + } + + if ( !xml || xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" ).length ) { + jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + data ); + } + return xml; +}; + + +var + rbracket = /\[\]$/, + rCRLF = /\r?\n/g, + rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i, + rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i; + +function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) { + var name; + + if ( Array.isArray( obj ) ) { + + // Serialize array item. + jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) { + if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) { + + // Treat each array item as a scalar. + add( prefix, v ); + + } else { + + // Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index. + buildParams( + prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" && v != null ? i : "" ) + "]", + v, + traditional, + add + ); + } + } ); + + } else if ( !traditional && toType( obj ) === "object" ) { + + // Serialize object item. + for ( name in obj ) { + buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add ); + } + + } else { + + // Serialize scalar item. + add( prefix, obj ); + } +} + +// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of +// key/values into a query string +jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) { + var prefix, + s = [], + add = function( key, valueOrFunction ) { + + // If value is a function, invoke it and use its return value + var value = isFunction( valueOrFunction ) ? + valueOrFunction() : + valueOrFunction; + + s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + + encodeURIComponent( value == null ? "" : value ); + }; + + if ( a == null ) { + return ""; + } + + // If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements. + if ( Array.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) { + + // Serialize the form elements + jQuery.each( a, function() { + add( this.name, this.value ); + } ); + + } else { + + // If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older + // did it), otherwise encode params recursively. + for ( prefix in a ) { + buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add ); + } + } + + // Return the resulting serialization + return s.join( "&" ); +}; + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + serialize: function() { + return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() ); + }, + serializeArray: function() { + return this.map( function() { + + // Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements + var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" ); + return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this; + } ) + .filter( function() { + var type = this.type; + + // Use .is( ":disabled" ) so that fieldset[disabled] works + return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) && + rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) && + ( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) ); + } ) + .map( function( _i, elem ) { + var val = jQuery( this ).val(); + + if ( val == null ) { + return null; + } + + if ( Array.isArray( val ) ) { + return jQuery.map( val, function( val ) { + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ); + } + + return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) }; + } ).get(); + } +} ); + + +var + r20 = /%20/g, + rhash = /#.*$/, + rantiCache = /([?&])_=[^&]*/, + rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/mg, + + // #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection + rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/, + rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/, + rprotocol = /^\/\//, + + /* Prefilters + * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example) + * 2) These are called: + * - BEFORE asking for a transport + * - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true) + * 3) key is the dataType + * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed + */ + prefilters = {}, + + /* Transports bindings + * 1) key is the dataType + * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used + * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed + */ + transports = {}, + + // Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression + allTypes = "*/".concat( "*" ), + + // Anchor tag for parsing the document origin + originAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + originAnchor.href = location.href; + +// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport +function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) { + + // dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*" + return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) { + + if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) { + func = dataTypeExpression; + dataTypeExpression = "*"; + } + + var dataType, + i = 0, + dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || []; + + if ( isFunction( func ) ) { + + // For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression + while ( ( dataType = dataTypes[ i++ ] ) ) { + + // Prepend if requested + if ( dataType[ 0 ] === "+" ) { + dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*"; + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).unshift( func ); + + // Otherwise append + } else { + ( structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || [] ).push( func ); + } + } + } + }; +} + +// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports +function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) { + + var inspected = {}, + seekingTransport = ( structure === transports ); + + function inspect( dataType ) { + var selected; + inspected[ dataType ] = true; + jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) { + var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR ); + if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && + !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) { + + options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport ); + inspect( dataTypeOrTransport ); + return false; + } else if ( seekingTransport ) { + return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport ); + } + } ); + return selected; + } + + return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" ); +} + +// A special extend for ajax options +// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended) +// Fixes #9887 +function ajaxExtend( target, src ) { + var key, deep, + flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {}; + + for ( key in src ) { + if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) { + ( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || ( deep = {} ) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ]; + } + } + if ( deep ) { + jQuery.extend( true, target, deep ); + } + + return target; +} + +/* Handles responses to an ajax request: + * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType) + * - returns the corresponding response + */ +function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) { + + var ct, type, finalDataType, firstDataType, + contents = s.contents, + dataTypes = s.dataTypes; + + // Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process + while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) { + dataTypes.shift(); + if ( ct === undefined ) { + ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Content-Type" ); + } + } + + // Check if we're dealing with a known content-type + if ( ct ) { + for ( type in contents ) { + if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) { + dataTypes.unshift( type ); + break; + } + } + } + + // Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType + if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) { + finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ]; + } else { + + // Try convertible dataTypes + for ( type in responses ) { + if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ) { + finalDataType = type; + break; + } + if ( !firstDataType ) { + firstDataType = type; + } + } + + // Or just use first one + finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType; + } + + // If we found a dataType + // We add the dataType to the list if needed + // and return the corresponding response + if ( finalDataType ) { + if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) { + dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType ); + } + return responses[ finalDataType ]; + } +} + +/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response + * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance + */ +function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) { + var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev, + converters = {}, + + // Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion + dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice(); + + // Create converters map with lowercased keys + if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) { + for ( conv in s.converters ) { + converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ]; + } + } + + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + // Convert to each sequential dataType + while ( current ) { + + if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) { + jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response; + } + + // Apply the dataFilter if provided + if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) { + response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType ); + } + + prev = current; + current = dataTypes.shift(); + + if ( current ) { + + // There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto + if ( current === "*" ) { + + current = prev; + + // Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current + } else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) { + + // Seek a direct converter + conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ]; + + // If none found, seek a pair + if ( !conv ) { + for ( conv2 in converters ) { + + // If conv2 outputs current + tmp = conv2.split( " " ); + if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) { + + // If prev can be converted to accepted input + conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] || + converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ]; + if ( conv ) { + + // Condense equivalence converters + if ( conv === true ) { + conv = converters[ conv2 ]; + + // Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType + } else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) { + current = tmp[ 0 ]; + dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] ); + } + break; + } + } + } + } + + // Apply converter (if not an equivalence) + if ( conv !== true ) { + + // Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them + if ( conv && s.throws ) { + response = conv( response ); + } else { + try { + response = conv( response ); + } catch ( e ) { + return { + state: "parsererror", + error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current + }; + } + } + } + } + } + } + + return { state: "success", data: response }; +} + +jQuery.extend( { + + // Counter for holding the number of active queries + active: 0, + + // Last-Modified header cache for next request + lastModified: {}, + etag: {}, + + ajaxSettings: { + url: location.href, + type: "GET", + isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( location.protocol ), + global: true, + processData: true, + async: true, + contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", + + /* + timeout: 0, + data: null, + dataType: null, + username: null, + password: null, + cache: null, + throws: false, + traditional: false, + headers: {}, + */ + + accepts: { + "*": allTypes, + text: "text/plain", + html: "text/html", + xml: "application/xml, text/xml", + json: "application/json, text/javascript" + }, + + contents: { + xml: /\bxml\b/, + html: /\bhtml/, + json: /\bjson\b/ + }, + + responseFields: { + xml: "responseXML", + text: "responseText", + json: "responseJSON" + }, + + // Data converters + // Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space + converters: { + + // Convert anything to text + "* text": String, + + // Text to html (true = no transformation) + "text html": true, + + // Evaluate text as a json expression + "text json": JSON.parse, + + // Parse text as xml + "text xml": jQuery.parseXML + }, + + // For options that shouldn't be deep extended: + // you can add your own custom options here if + // and when you create one that shouldn't be + // deep extended (see ajaxExtend) + flatOptions: { + url: true, + context: true + } + }, + + // Creates a full fledged settings object into target + // with both ajaxSettings and settings fields. + // If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings. + ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) { + return settings ? + + // Building a settings object + ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) : + + // Extending ajaxSettings + ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target ); + }, + + ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ), + ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ), + + // Main method + ajax: function( url, options ) { + + // If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature + if ( typeof url === "object" ) { + options = url; + url = undefined; + } + + // Force options to be an object + options = options || {}; + + var transport, + + // URL without anti-cache param + cacheURL, + + // Response headers + responseHeadersString, + responseHeaders, + + // timeout handle + timeoutTimer, + + // Url cleanup var + urlAnchor, + + // Request state (becomes false upon send and true upon completion) + completed, + + // To know if global events are to be dispatched + fireGlobals, + + // Loop variable + i, + + // uncached part of the url + uncached, + + // Create the final options object + s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ), + + // Callbacks context + callbackContext = s.context || s, + + // Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection + globalEventContext = s.context && + ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ? + jQuery( callbackContext ) : + jQuery.event, + + // Deferreds + deferred = jQuery.Deferred(), + completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks( "once memory" ), + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode = s.statusCode || {}, + + // Headers (they are sent all at once) + requestHeaders = {}, + requestHeadersNames = {}, + + // Default abort message + strAbort = "canceled", + + // Fake xhr + jqXHR = { + readyState: 0, + + // Builds headers hashtable if needed + getResponseHeader: function( key ) { + var match; + if ( completed ) { + if ( !responseHeaders ) { + responseHeaders = {}; + while ( ( match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString ) ) ) { + responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] = + ( responseHeaders[ match[ 1 ].toLowerCase() + " " ] || [] ) + .concat( match[ 2 ] ); + } + } + match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() + " " ]; + } + return match == null ? null : match.join( ", " ); + }, + + // Raw string + getAllResponseHeaders: function() { + return completed ? responseHeadersString : null; + }, + + // Caches the header + setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + name = requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] = + requestHeadersNames[ name.toLowerCase() ] || name; + requestHeaders[ name ] = value; + } + return this; + }, + + // Overrides response content-type header + overrideMimeType: function( type ) { + if ( completed == null ) { + s.mimeType = type; + } + return this; + }, + + // Status-dependent callbacks + statusCode: function( map ) { + var code; + if ( map ) { + if ( completed ) { + + // Execute the appropriate callbacks + jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] ); + } else { + + // Lazy-add the new callbacks in a way that preserves old ones + for ( code in map ) { + statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ]; + } + } + } + return this; + }, + + // Cancel the request + abort: function( statusText ) { + var finalText = statusText || strAbort; + if ( transport ) { + transport.abort( finalText ); + } + done( 0, finalText ); + return this; + } + }; + + // Attach deferreds + deferred.promise( jqXHR ); + + // Add protocol if not provided (prefilters might expect it) + // Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature) + // We also use the url parameter if available + s.url = ( ( url || s.url || location.href ) + "" ) + .replace( rprotocol, location.protocol + "//" ); + + // Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004 + s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type; + + // Extract dataTypes list + s.dataTypes = ( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnothtmlwhite ) || [ "" ]; + + // A cross-domain request is in order when the origin doesn't match the current origin. + if ( s.crossDomain == null ) { + urlAnchor = document.createElement( "a" ); + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11, Edge 12 - 15 + // IE throws exception on accessing the href property if url is malformed, + // e.g. http://example.com:80x/ + try { + urlAnchor.href = s.url; + + // Support: IE <=8 - 11 only + // Anchor's host property isn't correctly set when s.url is relative + urlAnchor.href = urlAnchor.href; + s.crossDomain = originAnchor.protocol + "//" + originAnchor.host !== + urlAnchor.protocol + "//" + urlAnchor.host; + } catch ( e ) { + + // If there is an error parsing the URL, assume it is crossDomain, + // it can be rejected by the transport if it is invalid + s.crossDomain = true; + } + } + + // Convert data if not already a string + if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) { + s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional ); + } + + // Apply prefilters + inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // We can fire global events as of now if asked to + // Don't fire events if jQuery.event is undefined in an AMD-usage scenario (#15118) + fireGlobals = jQuery.event && s.global; + + // Watch for a new set of requests + if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" ); + } + + // Uppercase the type + s.type = s.type.toUpperCase(); + + // Determine if request has content + s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type ); + + // Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since + // and/or If-None-Match header later on + // Remove hash to simplify url manipulation + cacheURL = s.url.replace( rhash, "" ); + + // More options handling for requests with no content + if ( !s.hasContent ) { + + // Remember the hash so we can put it back + uncached = s.url.slice( cacheURL.length ); + + // If data is available and should be processed, append data to url + if ( s.data && ( s.processData || typeof s.data === "string" ) ) { + cacheURL += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data; + + // #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry + delete s.data; + } + + // Add or update anti-cache param if needed + if ( s.cache === false ) { + cacheURL = cacheURL.replace( rantiCache, "$1" ); + uncached = ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + ( nonce.guid++ ) + + uncached; + } + + // Put hash and anti-cache on the URL that will be requested (gh-1732) + s.url = cacheURL + uncached; + + // Change '%20' to '+' if this is encoded form body content (gh-2658) + } else if ( s.data && s.processData && + ( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf( "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ) === 0 ) { + s.data = s.data.replace( r20, "+" ); + } + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ); + } + if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ); + } + } + + // Set the correct header, if data is being sent + if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType ); + } + + // Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( + "Accept", + s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] ? + s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[ 0 ] ] + + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) : + s.accepts[ "*" ] + ); + + // Check for headers option + for ( i in s.headers ) { + jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort + if ( s.beforeSend && + ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || completed ) ) { + + // Abort if not done already and return + return jqXHR.abort(); + } + + // Aborting is no longer a cancellation + strAbort = "abort"; + + // Install callbacks on deferreds + completeDeferred.add( s.complete ); + jqXHR.done( s.success ); + jqXHR.fail( s.error ); + + // Get transport + transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR ); + + // If no transport, we auto-abort + if ( !transport ) { + done( -1, "No Transport" ); + } else { + jqXHR.readyState = 1; + + // Send global event + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + } + + // If request was aborted inside ajaxSend, stop there + if ( completed ) { + return jqXHR; + } + + // Timeout + if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) { + timeoutTimer = window.setTimeout( function() { + jqXHR.abort( "timeout" ); + }, s.timeout ); + } + + try { + completed = false; + transport.send( requestHeaders, done ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // Rethrow post-completion exceptions + if ( completed ) { + throw e; + } + + // Propagate others as results + done( -1, e ); + } + } + + // Callback for when everything is done + function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) { + var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified, + statusText = nativeStatusText; + + // Ignore repeat invocations + if ( completed ) { + return; + } + + completed = true; + + // Clear timeout if it exists + if ( timeoutTimer ) { + window.clearTimeout( timeoutTimer ); + } + + // Dereference transport for early garbage collection + // (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used) + transport = undefined; + + // Cache response headers + responseHeadersString = headers || ""; + + // Set readyState + jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0; + + // Determine if successful + isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304; + + // Get response data + if ( responses ) { + response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ); + } + + // Use a noop converter for missing script + if ( !isSuccess && jQuery.inArray( "script", s.dataTypes ) > -1 ) { + s.converters[ "text script" ] = function() {}; + } + + // Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set) + response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ); + + // If successful, handle type chaining + if ( isSuccess ) { + + // Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode. + if ( s.ifModified ) { + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "Last-Modified" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader( "etag" ); + if ( modified ) { + jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified; + } + } + + // if no content + if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) { + statusText = "nocontent"; + + // if not modified + } else if ( status === 304 ) { + statusText = "notmodified"; + + // If we have data, let's convert it + } else { + statusText = response.state; + success = response.data; + error = response.error; + isSuccess = !error; + } + } else { + + // Extract error from statusText and normalize for non-aborts + error = statusText; + if ( status || !statusText ) { + statusText = "error"; + if ( status < 0 ) { + status = 0; + } + } + } + + // Set data for the fake xhr object + jqXHR.status = status; + jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + ""; + + // Success/Error + if ( isSuccess ) { + deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] ); + } else { + deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] ); + } + + // Status-dependent callbacks + jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode ); + statusCode = undefined; + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError", + [ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] ); + } + + // Complete + completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] ); + + if ( fireGlobals ) { + globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] ); + + // Handle the global AJAX counter + if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) { + jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" ); + } + } + } + + return jqXHR; + }, + + getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" ); + }, + + getScript: function( url, callback ) { + return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" ); + } +} ); + +jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( _i, method ) { + jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) { + + // Shift arguments if data argument was omitted + if ( isFunction( data ) ) { + type = type || callback; + callback = data; + data = undefined; + } + + // The url can be an options object (which then must have .url) + return jQuery.ajax( jQuery.extend( { + url: url, + type: method, + dataType: type, + data: data, + success: callback + }, jQuery.isPlainObject( url ) && url ) ); + }; +} ); + +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + var i; + for ( i in s.headers ) { + if ( i.toLowerCase() === "content-type" ) { + s.contentType = s.headers[ i ] || ""; + } + } +} ); + + +jQuery._evalUrl = function( url, options, doc ) { + return jQuery.ajax( { + url: url, + + // Make this explicit, since user can override this through ajaxSetup (#11264) + type: "GET", + dataType: "script", + cache: true, + async: false, + global: false, + + // Only evaluate the response if it is successful (gh-4126) + // dataFilter is not invoked for failure responses, so using it instead + // of the default converter is kludgy but it works. + converters: { + "text script": function() {} + }, + dataFilter: function( response ) { + jQuery.globalEval( response, options, doc ); + } + } ); +}; + + +jQuery.fn.extend( { + wrapAll: function( html ) { + var wrap; + + if ( this[ 0 ] ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + html = html.call( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + // The elements to wrap the target around + wrap = jQuery( html, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument ).eq( 0 ).clone( true ); + + if ( this[ 0 ].parentNode ) { + wrap.insertBefore( this[ 0 ] ); + } + + wrap.map( function() { + var elem = this; + + while ( elem.firstElementChild ) { + elem = elem.firstElementChild; + } + + return elem; + } ).append( this ); + } + + return this; + }, + + wrapInner: function( html ) { + if ( isFunction( html ) ) { + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapInner( html.call( this, i ) ); + } ); + } + + return this.each( function() { + var self = jQuery( this ), + contents = self.contents(); + + if ( contents.length ) { + contents.wrapAll( html ); + + } else { + self.append( html ); + } + } ); + }, + + wrap: function( html ) { + var htmlIsFunction = isFunction( html ); + + return this.each( function( i ) { + jQuery( this ).wrapAll( htmlIsFunction ? html.call( this, i ) : html ); + } ); + }, + + unwrap: function( selector ) { + this.parent( selector ).not( "body" ).each( function() { + jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes ); + } ); + return this; + } +} ); + + +jQuery.expr.pseudos.hidden = function( elem ) { + return !jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible( elem ); +}; +jQuery.expr.pseudos.visible = function( elem ) { + return !!( elem.offsetWidth || elem.offsetHeight || elem.getClientRects().length ); +}; + + + + +jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = function() { + try { + return new window.XMLHttpRequest(); + } catch ( e ) {} +}; + +var xhrSuccessStatus = { + + // File protocol always yields status code 0, assume 200 + 0: 200, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // #1450: sometimes IE returns 1223 when it should be 204 + 1223: 204 + }, + xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr(); + +support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported ); +support.ajax = xhrSupported = !!xhrSupported; + +jQuery.ajaxTransport( function( options ) { + var callback, errorCallback; + + // Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest + if ( support.cors || xhrSupported && !options.crossDomain ) { + return { + send: function( headers, complete ) { + var i, + xhr = options.xhr(); + + xhr.open( + options.type, + options.url, + options.async, + options.username, + options.password + ); + + // Apply custom fields if provided + if ( options.xhrFields ) { + for ( i in options.xhrFields ) { + xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ]; + } + } + + // Override mime type if needed + if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) { + xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType ); + } + + // X-Requested-With header + // For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are + // akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure. + // (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup) + // For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided. + if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] ) { + headers[ "X-Requested-With" ] = "XMLHttpRequest"; + } + + // Set headers + for ( i in headers ) { + xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] ); + } + + // Callback + callback = function( type ) { + return function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback = errorCallback = xhr.onload = + xhr.onerror = xhr.onabort = xhr.ontimeout = + xhr.onreadystatechange = null; + + if ( type === "abort" ) { + xhr.abort(); + } else if ( type === "error" ) { + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // On a manual native abort, IE9 throws + // errors on any property access that is not readyState + if ( typeof xhr.status !== "number" ) { + complete( 0, "error" ); + } else { + complete( + + // File: protocol always yields status 0; see #8605, #14207 + xhr.status, + xhr.statusText + ); + } + } else { + complete( + xhrSuccessStatus[ xhr.status ] || xhr.status, + xhr.statusText, + + // Support: IE <=9 only + // IE9 has no XHR2 but throws on binary (trac-11426) + // For XHR2 non-text, let the caller handle it (gh-2498) + ( xhr.responseType || "text" ) !== "text" || + typeof xhr.responseText !== "string" ? + { binary: xhr.response } : + { text: xhr.responseText }, + xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() + ); + } + } + }; + }; + + // Listen to events + xhr.onload = callback(); + errorCallback = xhr.onerror = xhr.ontimeout = callback( "error" ); + + // Support: IE 9 only + // Use onreadystatechange to replace onabort + // to handle uncaught aborts + if ( xhr.onabort !== undefined ) { + xhr.onabort = errorCallback; + } else { + xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { + + // Check readyState before timeout as it changes + if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) { + + // Allow onerror to be called first, + // but that will not handle a native abort + // Also, save errorCallback to a variable + // as xhr.onerror cannot be accessed + window.setTimeout( function() { + if ( callback ) { + errorCallback(); + } + } ); + } + }; + } + + // Create the abort callback + callback = callback( "abort" ); + + try { + + // Do send the request (this may raise an exception) + xhr.send( options.hasContent && options.data || null ); + } catch ( e ) { + + // #14683: Only rethrow if this hasn't been notified as an error yet + if ( callback ) { + throw e; + } + } + }, + + abort: function() { + if ( callback ) { + callback(); + } + } + }; + } +} ); + + + + +// Prevent auto-execution of scripts when no explicit dataType was provided (See gh-2432) +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( function( s ) { + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.contents.script = false; + } +} ); + +// Install script dataType +jQuery.ajaxSetup( { + accepts: { + script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, " + + "application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript" + }, + contents: { + script: /\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/ + }, + converters: { + "text script": function( text ) { + jQuery.globalEval( text ); + return text; + } + } +} ); + +// Handle cache's special case and crossDomain +jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) { + if ( s.cache === undefined ) { + s.cache = false; + } + if ( s.crossDomain ) { + s.type = "GET"; + } +} ); + +// Bind script tag hack transport +jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function( s ) { + + // This transport only deals with cross domain or forced-by-attrs requests + if ( s.crossDomain || s.scriptAttrs ) { + var script, callback; + return { + send: function( _, complete ) { + script = jQuery( " + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Concepts

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • What are unit tests, regression tests, and integration tests?

  • +
  • What is test coverage?

  • +
  • How should we approach testing?

  • +
+
+
+Tests is no guarantee +

Tests are no guarantee. Figure source: https://twitter.com/dave1010/status/613601365529657344

+
+
+

How to test?

+

Imperfect tests run frequently are better than perfect tests which are +never written:

+ +
+
+
+

Defensive programming

+
    +
  • Assume that mistakes will happen and introduce guards against them.

  • +
  • Use assertions for things you believe will/should never happen.

  • +
  • Use exceptions for anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring +special processing.

  • +
+
def kelvin_to_celsius(temp_k):
+    """
+    Converts temperature in Kelvin
+    to Celsius.
+    """
+    assert temp_k >= 0.0, "ERROR: negative T_K"
+    temp_c = temp_k - 273.15
+    return temp_c
+
+
+
+
+
+

Unit tests

+
    +
  • Unit tests are functions

  • +
  • Test one unit: module or even single function

  • +
  • Good documentation of the capability and dependencies of a module

  • +
  • Unit tests are not about testing units of measure and unit conversion, they are about testing small components (units) of a code

  • +
+
+
+
+

Integration tests

+
    +
  • Integration tests verify whether multiple modules are working well together

  • +
  • Like in a car assembly we have to test all components independently and also whether the components are working together when combined

  • +
  • Unit tests can be used for testing independent components (e.g. battery, controller, motor) and integration tests to check if car is working overall

  • +
+
+
+
+

Regression tests

+
    +
  • Similarly to integration tests, regression tests often operate on the +whole code base

  • +
  • Rather than assuming that the test author knows what the correct +result should be, regression tests look to the past for the expected behavior

  • +
  • Often spans multiple code versions: when developing a new version, input +and output files of a previous version are used to test that the same +behaviour is observed

  • +
+
+
+
+

Test-driven development

+
    +
  • In test-driven development, one writes tests before writing code

  • +
  • Very often we know the result that a function is supposed to produce

  • +
  • Development cycle (red, green, refactor):

    +
      +
    • Write the test

    • +
    • Write an empty function template

    • +
    • Verify that the test fails

    • +
    • Program until the test passes

    • +
    • Perhaps improve until you are happy (refactor)

    • +
    • Move on

    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+
+

Continuous integration

+
    +
  • Continuous integration is basically when you automatically test +every single commit/push (you test whether code integrates before you integrate it)

  • +
+
+
+
+

Code coverage

+
    +
  • If I break the code and all tests pass who is to blame?

  • +
  • Code coverage measures and documents which lines of code have been traversed during a test run

  • +
  • It is possible to have line-by-line coverage

  • +
  • Real-life example

  • +
+
+
+
+

Total time to test matters

+
    +
  • Total time to test matters

  • +
  • If the test set takes 7 hours to run, it is likely that nobody will run it

  • +
  • Identify fast essential test set that has sufficient coverage and is sufficiently +short to be run before each commit or push

  • +
  • Test code can be marked (grouped). Here our pytest is marked:

  • +
+
@pytest.mark.conversion
+def test_fahrenheit_to_celsius():
+    temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f=100.0)
+    expected_result = 37.777777
+    assert abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6
+
+
+
$ pytest -v -m conversion
+
+
+
+
+
+

Tests don’t guarantee correctness

+

Not only do tests not guarantee the absence of bugs, they can +also contain their own bugs. +Here’s an example of how we could get the testing of the +kelvin_to_celsius function wrong:

+
def kelvin_to_celsius(temp_k):
+    """
+    Converts temperature in Kelvin
+    to Celsius.
+    """
+    assert temp_k >= 0.0, "ERROR: negative T_K"
+    temp_c = temp_k + 273.15  # BUG!
+    return temp_c
+
+# buggy test
+def test_kelvin_to_celsius():
+    temp_c = kelvin_to_celsius(temp_k=0.0)
+    expected_result = 273.15
+    assert abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6    
+
+
+

All tests are happy!

+
+
+
+

Testing frameworks

+

A large number of testing frameworks, tools and libraries are available for +different programming languages. Some of the most popular ones are listed +in the Quick Reference.

+
+
+
+

Good practices

+
    +
  • Test before committing (use the Git staging area)

  • +
  • Fix broken tests immediately (dirty dishes effect)

  • +
  • Do not deactivate tests “temporarily”

  • +
  • Think about coverage (physics and lines of code)

  • +
  • Go public with your testing dashboard and issues/tickets

  • +
  • Test controlled errors: if something is expected to fail, test for that

  • +
  • Create benchmark calculations to cover various performance-critical modules and monitor timing

  • +
  • Make testing easy to run (make test)

  • +
  • Make testing easy to analyze

    +
      +
    • Do not flood screen with pages of output in case everything runs OK

    • +
    • Test with numerical tolerance (extremely annoying to compare digits by eye)

    • +
    +
  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Assertions, exceptions, unit tests, integration tests and regression +tests are used to test a code on different levels

  • +
  • Test driven development is one way to develop code which is tested +from the start

  • +
  • Continuous integration is when every commit/merge is tested +automatically

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/conclusions/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/conclusions/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f50e332 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/conclusions/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,255 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Conclusions and recommendations — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
    + +
  • »
  • + +
  • Conclusions and recommendations
  • + + +
  • + + + + Edit on GitHub + + + +
  • + +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Conclusions and recommendations

+
    +
  • Explore and use the good tools that exist out there

  • +
  • An incomplete list of testing frameworks can be found in the Quick Reference

  • +
  • Automate tests: faster feedback and reduce the number of surprises

  • +
  • Strike a healthy balance between unit tests and integration tests

  • +
  • When adding new functionality, also add tests

  • +
  • When you discover and fix a bug, also commit a test against this bug

  • +
  • Use code coverage analysis to identify untested or unused code

  • +
  • If you make your code easier to test, it becomes more modular

  • +
+ +
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/continuous-integration/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/continuous-integration/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56c4c50 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/continuous-integration/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,506 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Automated testing — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Automated testing

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository?

  • +
  • Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages?

  • +
+
+
+

Type-along exercise: Continuous integration

+

We will now learn to set up automatic tests using either GitHub Actions or +GitLab CI - you can choose which one to use and instructions are provided for both.

+

This exercise can be run in “collaborative mode” by following instead the instructions +in Full-cycle collaborative workflow. In the collaborative version steps +C-D below are performed by a collaborator.

+
+

Exercise overview

+

In this exercise, we will:

+

A. Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab
+B. Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI
+C. Find a bug in our repository and open an issue to report it
+D. Fix the bug on a bugfix branch and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)
+E. Merge the pull/merge request and see how the issue is automatically closed.

+
+
+

Prerequisites

+

If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +this git-refresher material. +If you are new to pull requests / merge requests, you can learn all about them +in the Collaborative Git lesson.

+
+
+

Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab

+
    +
  • Begin by creating a repository called (for example) example-ci.

  • +
  • Before you create the repository, select “Initialize this repository +with a README” (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo).

  • +
+
+
+

Step 2: Clone your repository, add code, commit, and push

+

Clone the repository.

+

Add a file example.py containing:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(2, 3) == 5
+    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
+
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a + b  # <--- fix this in step 8
+
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 5
+#def test_subtract():
+#    assert subtract(2, 3) == -1
+
+
+

Test example.py with pytest.

+

Then stage the file (git add <filename>), commit (git commit -m "some commit message"), +and push the changes (git push origin main).

+
+
+

Step 3: Enable automated testing

+
+

In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. +Select “Actions” from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page +“Get started with GitHub Actions”. Select the button for “Set up +this workflow” under Python Application:

+
+Selecting a Python workflow +

Select “Python application” as the starter workflow.

+
+

GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder .github/workflows. +Add pytest example.py to the last line (highlighted):

+
# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python
+# For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions
+
+name: Python application
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Set up Python 3.8
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.8
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install flake8 pytest
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: |
+        pytest example.py
+
+
+

Commit the change by pressing the “Start Commit” button:

+
+Committing the change +

Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master.

+
+
+
+
+

Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run

+
+

Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is +executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green +check mark, once the test succeeds:

+
+Verify that the test passed +

Green check means passed.

+
+

Also browse the “Actions” tab and look at the steps there and their output.

+
+
+
+

Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem

+

After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository:

+
$ git pull origin main
+
+
+

Hint: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called main and not perhaps master.

+

Next uncomment the code in example.py under “step 5”, commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the “Actions” tab (GitHub) +or the “CI/CD->Pipelines” tab (GitLab).

+
+
+

Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab

+

Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the +“Issues” button on GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that we will fix the issue through a pull/merge request.

+
+
+

Step 7: Fix the broken test

+

Now fix the code on a new branch, you can call it yourname/bugfix. +After you have fixed the code on the new branch, commit the following +commit message "restore function subtract; fixes #1" (assuming that +you try to fix issue number 1).

+

Then push to your repository.

+
+
+

Step 8: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

+

Go back to the repository on GitHub or GitLab and open a pull/merge +request. In a collaborative setting, you could request a code +review from collaborators at this stage. Before accepting the +pull/merge request, observe how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI +automatically tested the code.

+

If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you +can still add it to the pull/merge request: my pull/merge request title, closes #1.

+
+
+

Step 9: Accept the pull/merge request

+

Observe how accepting the pull/merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull/merge request contained the correct issue number).

+

See also:

+ +

Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful?

+
+
+

Discussion

+

Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise.

+
+
+
+
+

Where to go from here

+
    +
  • This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages

  • +
  • This workflow is very useful for collaborators who work on the same code and it works both for +centralized and +forking workflows - have a look at this +alternative exercise to see how that works.

  • +
  • GitHub Actions has a Marketpace which offer wide range of automatic workflows

  • +
  • On GitLab use GitLab CI

  • +
  • For Windows builds you can also use Appveyor

  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue +autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request.

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/full-cycle-ci/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/full-cycle-ci/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a70a82 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/full-cycle-ci/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,530 @@ + + + + + + + + + + (Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
    + +
  • »
  • + +
  • (Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow
  • + + +
  • + + + + Edit on GitHub + + + +
  • + +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

(Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository?

  • +
  • Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages?

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise a full-cycle collaborative workflow

+

This exercise is a collaborative version of the Automated testing exercise.

+
+

Exercise overview

+

This is an expanded version of the automated testing demonstration. +The exercise is performed in a collaborative circle within the exercise group +(breakout room).

+

The exercise takes 20-30 minutes.

+

In this exercise, everybody will:

+

A. Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab (everybody should use a different repository name for their repository)
+B. Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI
+C. Everybody will find a bug in their repository and open an issue in their repository
+D. Then each one will clone the repo of one of their exercise partners, fix the bug, +and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)
+E. Everybody then merges their co-worker’s change

+
+
+Graph with exercise steps +

Overview of this exercise. Below we detail the steps.

+
+
+

Prerequisites

+

If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +this git-refresher material.

+
+
+

Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab

+
    +
  • Select a different repository name than your colleagues (otherwise forking the same name will be strange)

  • +
  • Before you create the repository, select “Initialize this repository +with a README” (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo).

  • +
  • Share the repository URL with your exercise group via shared document or chat

  • +
+
+
+

Step 2: Clone your own repository, add code, commit, and push

+

Clone the repository.

+

Add a file example.py containing:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(2, 3) == 5
+    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
+
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a + b  # <--- fix this in step 8
+
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 5
+#def test_subtract():
+#    assert subtract(2, 3) == -1
+
+
+

Test example.py with pytest.

+

Then stage the file (git add <filename>), commit (git commit -m "some commit message"), +and push the changes (git push origin main).

+
+
+

Step 3: Enable automated testing

+
+

In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. +Select “Actions” from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page +“Get started with GitHub Actions”. Select the button for “Set up +this workflow” under Python Application:

+
+Selecting a Python workflow +

Select “Python application” as the starter workflow.

+
+

GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder .github/workflows. +Add pytest example.py to the last line (highlighted):

+
# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python
+# For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions
+
+name: Python application
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Set up Python 3.8
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.8
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install flake8 pytest
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: |
+        pytest example.py
+
+
+

Commit the change by pressing the “Start Commit” button:

+
+Committing the change +

Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master.

+
+
+
+
+

Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run

+
+

Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is +executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green +check mark, once the test succeeds:

+
+Verify that the test passed +

Green check means passed.

+
+

Also browse the “Actions” tab and look at the steps there and their output.

+
+
+
+

Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem

+

After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository:

+
$ git pull origin main
+
+
+

Hint for helpers: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called main and not perhaps master.

+

Next uncomment the code in example.py under “step 5”, commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the “Actions” tab (GitHub) +or the “CI/CD->Pipelines” tab (GitLab).

+
+
+

Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab

+

Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the “Issues” button on +GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that your colleague will fix the issue through a pull/merge request.

+
+
+

Step 7: Fork and clone the repository of your colleague

+

Fork the repository using the GitHub/GitLab web interface. +(if you are unfamiliar with forking and pull requests, have a look at +this visual representation).

+

Make sure you clone the fork after you have forked it. Do not clone +your colleague’s repository directly.

+
+
$ git clone https://github.com/your-username/the-repository.git
+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 8: Fix the broken test

+

After you have fixed the code, commit the following commit message +"restore function subtract; fixes #1" (assuming that you try to fix +issue number 1).

+

Then push to your fork.

+
+
+

Step 9: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

+

Then before accepting the pull request/ merge request from your colleague, observe +how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI automatically tested the code.

+

If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you can still add it to +the pull request/ merge request: my pull/merge request title, closes #NUMBEROFTHEISSUE

+
+
+

Step 10: Accept the pull request/ merge request

+

Observe how accepting the pull request/ merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull request/ merge request contained the correct issue number).

+

See also:

+ +

Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful?

+
+
+

Discussion

+

Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise.

+
+

Optional exercise

+

In the Social coding and open software +lesson we learn how important it is to add a LICENSE file.

+

Your goal:

+
    +
  • You discover that your coworker’s repository does not have a LICENSE file.

  • +
  • Open an issue and suggest a LICENSE.

  • +
  • Then add a LICENSE via a pull/merge request, referencing the issue number.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+
+

Where to go from here

+
    +
  • This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages

  • +
  • GitHub Actions has a Marketpace which offer wide range of automatic workflows

  • +
  • On GitLab use GitLab CI

  • +
  • For Windows builds you can also use Appveyor

  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue +autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request.

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/genindex/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/genindex/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbac557 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/genindex/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,233 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Index — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ +
+ + +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+

+ © Copyright 2020, CodeRefinery project. + +

+
+ + + + Built with Sphinx using a + + theme + + provided by Read the Docs. + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/guide/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/guide/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1d753b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/guide/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,377 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Instructor guide — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Instructor guide

+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+
    +
  • Because writing tests and using automated testing is often part +of the development process, especially for codes that are larger than +a simple script.

  • +
  • We wish to give learners the tools so that they can rewrite codes and +collaborate on a code projects with more confidence.

  • +
  • Testing can help detecting regressions during development instead of later +(when using the code) or too late (after having published results).

  • +
  • Can simplify collaboration since contributors can be more confident that +their changes preserve expected functionality.

  • +
  • Tests document the intent of the function/module/library/code.

  • +
  • Tests can guide the code towards more modular and reusable code style with +fewer side effects.

  • +
+
+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+
    +
  • Know that in each language tools exist that can execute a series of test functions +and report success or failure.

  • +
  • Know that services like GitHub Actions, Azure pipelines, GitLab CI, Appveyor, and others +allow us to automatically run tests on every Git push or every pull request or merge request.

  • +
  • Be able to approach a function or module or library and design a test for it “in words” +or pseudo-code.

  • +
  • Know what test coverage means and how it can help to detect untested/unused code.

  • +
  • Know where in a larger and untested project to start introducing tests since it is beyond +reach and also probably not reasonable to test everything.

  • +
+
+
+

How we teach this lesson

+
+

How to start

+

The quote from another testing lesson by Kathryn Huff can be discussed +to get participants to reflect on the role of software testing in +science and its parallels to calibrating measurement devices. The second half +of the quote is left out because it goes so far as to say that untested software +does not constitute science, and this can be offending to learners.

+
+
+

Questions to involve participants

+
    +
  • Do you agree that testing software is similar to calibrating detectors?

  • +
  • Do you test your code?

  • +
  • How and when do you test?

  • +
  • Where would you start adding a test in an existing project?

  • +
  • In which situations would you recommend not to add any tests?

  • +
+
+
+

Structure of the lesson

+
+

Concepts

+

After the Motivation episode, the lesson continues with a walkthrough +of important concepts in software testing (unit tests, integration +tests, test-driven development etc). At the end of the Concepts episode +there’s a link to the Quick Reference where learners can find a list of +available testing frameworks for different languages.

+
+
+

Testing locally

+

After introducing the concepts the lesson becomes hands-on in the +Testing Locally episode. The pytest example there can be done as +type-along and the optional exercise “Testing with numerical +tolerance” can be left as homework.

+
+
+

Automated testing (or full-cycle collaborative workflow)

+

After learning how to run tests locally, the lesson goes into +automated testing using GitHub Actions or GitLab CI in the Automated +Testing episode. This episode is a simplified version of the +collaborative exercise in the optional episode “Full-cycle +collaborative workflow”, and the instructor has a choice which one to +teach (with the latter requiring around double the time). The +exercise in Automated Testing can either be done as a type-along +demonstration by the instructor or as an exercise in breakout rooms.

+

If run as an exercise, this episode requires that learners know how +to set up Git repositories locally and online and how to work with +pull/merge requests!

+

If the optional Full-cycle episode is covered, it is useful during the +wrap up of the exercise to have a co-instructor doing the exercise in +parallel with you. As your partner makes a pull requests with “fixes +#1” (or whatever PR number) you can show that the PR links to a issue, +and the issue pointing to a commit.

+
+
+

Test design

+

This episode now has exercises in different languages covering +different testing approaches (unit tests, integration tests, testing +randomness, TDD). In normal workshops there are far too many +exercises for the available time so the instructor has freedom to +recommend specific exercises, to let learners choose themselves, or to +recommend learners to discuss rather than implement the tests.

+
+
+

Order of Continuous Integration and Test Design

+

When this lesson is taught standalone in a software testing workshop +or hackathon, it might be better to go through the Test Design episode +before the Continuous Integration episode.

+
+
+
+

Timing

+

The lesson is stipulated to take around 2 hours, but if more time is +available you can replace the Automated Testing episode with “Full-cycle +collaborative workflow”, or give more time to the Test Design episode.

+

Splitting the lesson in two halves with a lunch break in the middle +works well. Before lunch you have on hour introduction and the two +first exercises. After lunch you continue with the automated testing +exercise and test design.

+
+
+

Room for improvement

+
    +
  • The lesson is still too Python centric in the “Testing locally” and “Automated testing” episodes. +It would be nice to offer alternatives for learners who write in different languages.

  • +
  • Currently the lesson is in the “discipline” domain. Testing is +something you do to control behavior (your own as well as the code). +Testing is also something you can do to improve productivity, but this +is less visible/detectable.

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08e297d --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,285 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Software testing — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Software testing

+

In this lesson we will discuss why testing often needs to be part of the +software development cycle and how such a cycle can be implemented. We will +see automated testing works and practice designing and writing tests.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +
  1. You need pytest (as part of Anaconda or Miniconda or Virtual Environment).

  2. +
  3. Basic understanding of Git.

  4. +
  5. You need a GitHub or a Gitlab account.

  6. +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 min

Motivation

10 min

Concepts

20 min

Testing locally

30 min

Automated testing

30 min

Test design

5 min

Conclusions and recommendations

+ +
+

Reference

+ +
+
+ + +
+ +
+
+ + +
+ +
+

+ © Copyright 2020, CodeRefinery project. + +

+
+ + + + Built with Sphinx using a + + theme + + provided by Read the Docs. + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/motivation/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/motivation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..860ed44 --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/motivation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,558 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Motivation — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Motivation

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • Why automated tests

  • +
  • Can there be situations where automated tests are too much?

  • +
+
+
+

Untested software can be compared to uncalibrated detectors

+

“Before relying on a new experimental device, an experimental scientist always +establishes its accuracy. A new detector is calibrated when the scientist +observes its responses to known input signals. The results of this +calibration are compared against the expected response.”

+
+
+

Simulations and analysis using software should be held to the same standards as experimental measurement devices!

+

Further motivation for testing:

+ +
+
+
+

Testing in a nutshell

+

In software tests, expected results are compared with observed results in order +to establish accuracy:

+
+
def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f):
+    """Converts temperature in Fahrenheit
+    to Celsius.
+    """
+    temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0)
+    return temp_c
+
+# This is the test function: `assert` raises an error if something
+# is wrong.
+def test_fahrenheit_to_celsius():
+    temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f=100.0)
+    expected_result = 37.777777
+    assert abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6
+
+
+
+

Why are we not comparing directly all digits with the expected result?

+
+
+
+

Tests help preserving expected functionality

+
    +
  • As projects grow, it becomes easier to break things without noticing immediately

  • +
  • Software defects can be caused by both human errors and non-controllable events (i.e. environmental conditions)

  • +
  • Testing helps detecting new errors early

  • +
  • Interpreted dynamically typed imperative languages often need to be tested

  • +
  • So do compiled languages but the compiler catches at least some errors

  • +
  • Testing is essential for research software because we care about +reproducibility of scientific results and because derivative research and +programs depend on research software

  • +
  • “Program testing can be used to show the presence of bugs, but never to show their absence!” (Edsger W. Dijkstra)

  • +
+
+
+
+

Tests help users of your code

+
    +
  • Make it easier for others to verify whether the code has been correctly installed

  • +
  • Provide basis to judge the quality of the code

  • +
  • Users of your code publish papers based on results produced by your code

  • +
  • Your peers need to be able to reproduce your (to be) published computational results

  • +
+
+
+
+

Tests help other developers

+
    +
  • Tests make it easier to refactor the code (rewrite code while keeping functionality)

  • +
  • Code can become unsustainable without runnable tests and becomes legacy software (i.e. software outdated and not usable anymore)

  • +
  • Documentation which is up to date by definition

  • +
  • Easier for external developers to contribute to the project without breaking your code +(you may immediately see problems in your code but others may not)

    +
      +
    • You are confident accepting contributions

    • +
    • You can confidently improve your code

    • +
    +
  • +
+
+Old-fashioned diving suit +

Suiting up to modify untested code.

+
+
+
+
+

Tests help managing complexity

+
+

Good code: pure and easy to test

+

“Pure”: no side effects. +We already know how to test this code (see above):

+
+
def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f):
+    temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0)
+    return temp_c
+
+temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f=100.0)
+print(temp_c)
+
+
+
+
+
+

Less good code: has side effects and is difficult to test

+

How would you test this code:

+
+
f_to_c_offset = 32.0
+f_to_c_factor = 0.555555555
+temp_c = 0.0
+
+def fahrenheit_to_celsius_bad(temp_f):
+    global temp_c
+    temp_c = (temp_f - f_to_c_offset) * f_to_c_factor
+
+fahrenheit_to_celsius_bad(temp_f=100.0)
+print(temp_c)
+
+
+
+
+

Tests guide towards modular code structure

+
    +
  • Well structured code (modular code) is easy to test

  • +
  • “Badly” structured code is difficult to test automatically

  • +
  • If you make it easier to test, it becomes more modular

  • +
  • To make code more modular, maybe start by thinking about how to make it testable if you need inspiration?

  • +
+
+
+
+

Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests?

+

It is always a balance: there is no “always”/”never”.

+
    +
  • Jupyter or R Markdown notebook which produces a plot and you know by +looking at the plot whether it worked?

  • +
  • A short, “obviously correct” Python or R script which you never intend to reuse?

  • +
  • A simple short, “obviously correct” shell script?

  • +
  • Can you give other examples?

  • +
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/objects.inv b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..457700b --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/objects.inv @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Sphinx inventory version 2 +# Project: Software testing +# Version: +# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib. +x}N0~=rCHH-I:BNڤ8%f23)c&ǭj \VT"KJZ;dԁ{lcU\H X@~=2md4sS/pt! \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/pytest/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/pytest/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7ea1bbd --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/pytest/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,373 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Testing locally — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Testing locally

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement a test suite using pytest?

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise pytest

+

In this exercise we will make a simple Python function and use +pytest to test it.

+
    +
  • This is easy to use by almost any project and doesn’t rely on any +other servers or services.

  • +
  • The downside is that you have to remember to run it yourself.

  • +
+

We will try to +keep things simple so that those who do not use Python can follow.

+
+

Exercise: 15 min

+
    +
  1. Create a new directory and change into it:

    +
    $ mkdir pytest-example
    +$ cd pytest-example
    +
    +
    +
  2. +
  3. Then create a file called example.py and copy-paste the following code into it:

    +
    def add(a, b):
    +    return a + b
    +
    +
    +def test_add():
    +    assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
    +
    +
    +

    This code contains one genuine function and a test function. +pytest finds any functions beginning with test_ and treats them +as tests.

    +
  4. +
  5. Let us try to test it with pytest:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add PASSED
    +
    +========================================================= 1 passed in 0.01 seconds ===============================
    +
    +
    +

    Yay! The test passed!

    +

    Hint for participants trying this inside Spyder or IPython: try !pytest -v example.py.

    +
  6. +
  7. Let us break the test! +Introduce a code change which breaks the code and check +whether pytest detects the change:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add FAILED
    +
    +================================================================= FAILURES =======================================
    +_________________________________________________________________ test_add _______________________________________
    +
    +    def test_add():
    +>       assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +E       assert -1 == 5
    +E         --1
    +E         +5
    +
    +example.py:6: AssertionError
    +========================================================= 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ==============
    +
    +
    +

    Notice how pytest is smart and includes context: lines that failed, +values of the relevant variables.

    +
  8. +
+
+
+

Optional exercise: Testing with numerical tolerance (10 min)

+

In the above exercise we have compared integers. In this optional exercise we +want to learn how to compare floating point numbers since they are more tricky +(see also “What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic”).

+

The following test will fail and this might be surprising. Try it out:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(0.1, 0.2) == 0.3
+
+
+

Your goal: find a more robust way to test this addition.

+
+ +
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • pytest collects and runs all test functions starting with test_.

  • +
  • Python and C/C++ have better tooling for automated tests than Fortran and you can use those also for Fortran projects (via iso_c_binding).

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/quick-reference/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/quick-reference/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d55a07c --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/quick-reference/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,540 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Quick Reference — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Quick Reference

+
+

Available tools

+
+

Unit test frameworks

+

A test framework makes it easy to run tests across large amounts +of code automatically. They provide more control than one single +script which does some tests.

+ +
+
+
+

pytest

+
    +
  • Python

  • +
  • Installable via Conda or pip.

  • +
  • Easy to use: Prefix a function with test_ and the test runner will execute it. +No need to subclass anything.

  • +
+
def get_word_lengths(s):
+    """
+    Returns a list of integers representing
+    the word lengths in string s.
+    """
+    return [len(w) for w in s.split()]
+
+def test_get_word_lengths():
+    text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street"
+    assert get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6]
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

testthat

+
    +
  • R

  • +
  • Easily installed from CRAN with install.packages("testthat"), or from GitHub with devtools::install_github("r-lib/testthat")

  • +
  • Use in package development with usethis::use_testthat()

  • +
  • Add a new test file with usethis::use_test("test-name"), e.g.:

    +
    # tests/testthat/test_example.R
    +# file added by running `usethis::use_test("example")`
    +
    +context("Arithmetics")
    +library("mypackage")
    +
    +test_that("square root function works", {
    +  expect_equal(my_sqrt(4), 2)
    +  expect_warning(my_sqrt(-4))
    +})
    +
    +
    +

    Tests consist of one or more expectations, and multiple tests can be grouped together in one test file. +Test files are put in the directory tests/testthat/, and their file names are prefixed with test_.

    +
  • +
  • Run all tests in package with devtools::test() (if you use RStudio, press Ctrl+Shift+T):

    +
    > devtools::test()
    +Loading mypackage
    +Testing mypackage
    +✔ |  OK F W S | Context
    +✔ |   2       | Arithmetics
    +
    +══ Results ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    +OK:       2
    +Failed:   0
    +Warnings: 0
    +Skipped:  0
    +
    +
    +
  • +
+

More information in the Testing chapter of the book R Packages by Hadley Wickham.

+
+
+
+

Test

+
    +
  • Julia

  • +
  • Part of the standard library

  • +
  • Provides simple unit testing functionality with +@test and @test_throws macros:

  • +
+
julia> using Test
+
+julia> @test [1, 2] + [2, 1] == [3, 3]
+Test Passed
+
+# approximate comparisons:
+julia> @test π  3.14 atol=0.01
+Test Passed
+
+# Tests that an expression throws exception:
+julia> @test_throws BoundsError [1, 2, 3][4]
+Test Passed
+      Thrown: BoundsError
+
+julia> @test_throws DimensionMismatch [1, 2, 3] + [1, 2]
+Test Passed
+      Thrown: DimensionMismatch
+
+
+
    +
  • Grouping related tests with the @testset macro:

  • +
+
using Test
+
+function get_word_lengths(s::String)
+    return [length(w) for w in split(s)]
+end 
+
+@testset "Testing get_word_length()" begin
+    text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street"
+    @test get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6]
+    number = 123
+    @test_throws MethodError get_word_lengths(number)
+end
+
+
+
+
+
+

Catch2

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Widely used

  • +
  • Header-only

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Well-integrated with CMake

  • +
+
#include <catch2/catch.hpp>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+using namespace Catch::literals;
+
+TEST_CASE("Use the example library to add numbers", "[add]") {
+  auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  REQUIRE(res == 3.0_a);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Google Test

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Widely used

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Well-integrated with CMake

  • +
+
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+TEST(example, add) {
+  double res;
+  res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  ASSERT_NEAR(res, 3.0, 1.0e-11);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Boost.Test

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Header-only use possible

  • +
+
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( add )
+{
+  auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  BOOST_TEST(res == 3.0);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

pFUnit

+
    +
  • Fortran

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Requires modern Fortran compilers (uses F2003 standard)

  • +
+
@test
+subroutine test_add_numbers()
+
+   use hello
+   use pfunit_mod
+
+   implicit none
+
+   real(8) :: res
+
+   call add_numbers(1.0d0, 2.0d0, res)
+   @assertEqual(res, 3.0d0)
+
+end subroutine
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Services to deploy testing and coverage

+

Each of these are web services to handle testing, free for open source +projects.

+ +
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Testing is a basic requirement of any possible language

  • +
  • There are various tools for any language you may use

  • +
  • There are free web services for open source

  • +
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/search/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/search/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8c9c16c --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/search/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Search — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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+
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+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/searchindex.js b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffb8f5f --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ 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design"],titleterms:{"class":9,"function":[6,9],"new":[2,3],"return":9,The:5,accept:[2,3],add:[2,3,6],along:2,autom:[2,3,4],automat:[2,3],avail:8,been:[2,3],boost:8,broken:[2,3],can:6,catch2:8,clone:[2,3],code:[0,2,3,6],collabor:[3,4],colleagu:3,commit:[2,3],compar:6,complex:6,concept:[0,4],conclus:1,continu:[0,2,4],correct:0,coverag:[0,8],creat:[2,3],cycl:[3,4],defens:0,depend:9,deploi:8,design:[4,9],detector:6,develop:[0,6,9],differ:9,difficult:6,discuss:[2,3,6],don:0,driven:[0,9],easi:6,effect:6,enabl:[2,3],end:9,exercis:[2,3,7,9],expect:6,extern:9,file:9,fix:[2,3],fork:3,framework:[0,8],from:[2,3],full:[3,4],github:[2,3],gitlab:[2,3],good:[0,1,6],googl:8,guarante:0,guid:[4,6],has:6,have:[2,3],help:6,here:[2,3],how:[0,4],improv:4,impur:9,instruct:9,instructor:4,integr:[0,2,4,9],intend:4,involv:4,issu:[2,3],keypoint:[0,2,3,7,8,9],learn:4,less:6,lesson:[4,5],local:[4,7],manag:6,matter:0,merg:[2,3],method:9,min:7,modular:6,motiv:6,mutabl:9,number:9,numer:7,nutshel:6,object:9,open:[2,3],option:[3,7],order:4,other:6,outcom:4,overview:[2,3],own:3,particip:4,pfunit:8,practic:0,prerequisit:[2,3,5],preserv:6,problem:[2,3],program:[0,9],pull:[2,3],pure:[6,9],push:[2,3],pytest:[7,8],question:[0,2,3,4,6,7,9],quick:8,random:9,read:9,receiv:9,recommend:1,refer:[5,8],regress:0,repositori:[2,3],request:[2,3],resourc:1,reveal:[2,3],room:4,run:[2,3],servic:8,side:6,softwar:[5,6],solut:[7,9],start:4,step:[2,3],string:9,structur:[4,6],teach:4,test:[0,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],testthat:8,thi:4,time:[0,4],toler:7,tool:8,total:0,toward:6,two:9,type:2,uncalibr:6,uniq:9,unit:[0,8],untest:6,user:6,verifi:[2,3],wai:9,when:6,where:[2,3],which:[2,3,9],why:4,workflow:[3,4],your:[2,3,6]}}) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/branch/thor--simplify-ci/test-design/index.html b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/test-design/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0df19dc --- /dev/null +++ b/branch/thor--simplify-ci/test-design/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1515 @@ + + + + + + + + + + Test design — Software testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Test design

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can different types of functions and classes be tested?

  • +
  • How can the integrity of a complete program be monitored over time?

  • +
  • How can functions that involve random numbers be tested?

  • +
+
+

In this episode we will consider how functions and programs can be tested in programs developed in different programming languages.

+
+

Objectives

+
    +
  • Learn how to determine what kind of unit tests can be performed for different type of functions.

  • +
  • Learn how to perform test-driven development in which tests for a function are designed and implemented before the function is written.

  • +
  • Learn how to test functions whose output depend on random numbers.

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise instructions

+

For the instructor

+
    +
  • First motivate and give a quick tour of all exercises below (10 minutes).

  • +
  • Emphasize that the focus of this episode is design. It is OK to only discuss in groups and not write code.

  • +
+

In breakout rooms (35 minutes)

+
    +
  • We arrange breakout rooms according to preferred languages.

  • +
  • Choose the exercise which interests you most. There are many more exercises than we would have time for.

  • +
  • Discuss what testing framework can be used to implement the test.

  • +
  • Keep notes, questions, and answers in the collaborative document.

  • +
  • If time is available, implement the test(s) using the chosen framework.

  • +
+

Once we return to main room

+
    +
  • Discussion on experiences learned (10 minutes).

  • +
+
+
+

Pure and impure functions

+

Start by discussing how you would design tests for the +following five functions, and then try to write the tests. +Also discuss why some are easier to test than others.

+
+

1. Function that receives a number and returns a number

+
+
def factorial(n):
+    """
+    Computes the factorial of n.
+    """
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError('received negative input')
+    result = 1
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        result *= i
+    return result
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

2. Function that receives two strings and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_string(text, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in text.
+    Example: if text is "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    words = text.split()
+    return words.count(word)
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

3. Function which reads a file and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_file(file_name, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in file file_name.
+    Example: if file contains "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    count = 0
+    with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            words = line.split()
+            count += words.count(word)
+    return count
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

4. Function with an external dependency

+

This one is not easy to test because the function has an external dependency.

+
+
def check_reactor_temperature(temperature_celsius):       """
+    Checks whether temperature is above max_temperature
+    and returns a status.
+    """
+    from reactor import max_temperature
+    if temperature_celsius > max_temperature:
+        status = 1
+    else:
+        status = 0
+    return status
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

5. Testing a method of a mutable class

+
+
class Pet:
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.hunger = 0
+    def go_for_a_walk(self):  # <-- how would you test this function?
+        self.hunger += 1
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Test-driven development

+
+

Test-driven development

+

Write a test before writing the function! You can decide yourself +what your unwritten function should do, but as a suggestion it can +be based on FizzBuzz - i.e. +a function that:

+
    +
  • takes an integer argument

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of three, returns “Fizz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of five, returns “Buzz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of both three and five, returns “FizzBuzz”

  • +
  • fails in case of non-integer arguments or integer arguments 0 or negative

  • +
  • otherwise returns the integer itself

  • +
+

When writing the tests, consider the different ways that the function could +and should fail.

+

After you have written the tests, implement the function and run the tests +until they pass.

+ +
+
+
+

Testing randomness

+

How would you test functions which generate random numbers +according to some distribution/statistics?

+

Functions and modules which contain randomness are +more difficult to test than pure deterministic functions, but +many strategies exist:

+
    +
  • For unit tests we can use fixed random seeds.

  • +
  • Try to test whether your results follow the expected +distribution/statistics.

  • +
  • When you verify your code “by eye”, what are you looking at? Now try +to express that in a script.

  • +
+
+

Different ways of testing randomness

+

Consider the code below which simulates playing +Yahtzee by using +random numbers. How would you go about testing it?

+

Try to write two types of tests:

+
    +
  • a unit test for the roll_dice function. Since it uses +random numbers, you will need to set the random seed, +pre-calculate what sequence of dice throws you get with that seed, +and use that in your test.

  • +
  • a test of the yahtzee function which considers the statistical +probability of obtaining a “Yahtzee” (5 dice with the same value +after three throws), which is around 4.6%. This test will be +an integration test since it tests multiple functions including the +random number generator itself.

  • +
+
+
import random
+from collections import Counter
+
+
+def roll_dice(num_dice):
+    return [random.choice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) for _ in range(num_dice)]
+
+
+def yahtzee():
+    """
+    Play yahtzee with 5 6-sided dice and 3 throws.
+    Collect as many of the same dice side as possible.
+    Returns the number of same sides.
+    """
+
+    # first throw
+    result = roll_dice(5)
+    most_common_side, how_often = Counter(result).most_common(1)[0]
+
+    # we keep the most common side
+    target_side = most_common_side
+    num_same_sides = how_often
+    if num_same_sides == 5:
+        return 5
+
+    # second and third throw
+    for _ in [2, 3]:
+        throw = roll_dice(5 - num_same_sides)
+        num_same_sides += Counter(throw)[target_side]
+        if num_same_sides == 5:
+            return 5
+
+    return num_same_sides
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    num_games = 100
+
+    winning_games = list(
+        filter(
+            lambda x: x == 5,
+            [yahtzee() for _ in range(num_games)],
+        )
+    )
+
+    print(f"out of the {num_games} games, {len(winning_games)} got a yahtzee!")
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Designing an end-to-end test

+

In this exercise we will practice designing an end-to-end test. +In an end-to-end test (or integration test), the unit is the entire program. +We typically feed the program with some well defined input and verify +that it still produces the expected output by comparing it to some reference.

+
+

Integration test for the uniq program

+

To have a tangible example, let us consider the uniq command. This command +can read a file or an input stream and remove consecutive repetition. +The program behind uniq has been written by somebody else, it probably contains +some functions, but we will not look into it but regard it as “black box”.

+

If we have a file called repetitive-text.txt containing:

+
(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+another line
+another line
+another line
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

… then feeding this input file to uniq like this:

+
$ uniq < repetitive-text.txt
+
+
+

… will produce the following output with repetitions removed:

+
(all together now) all together now
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+
    +
  • How would you write an end-to-end test?

  • +
  • Now imagine the code reads numbers and produces some (floating point) numbers. +How would you test that?

  • +
  • How would you test a code end-to-end which produces images?

  • +
+
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Pure functions (these are functions without side-effects) are easiest to test.

  • +
  • Classes can be tested but it’s somewhat more elaborate.

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/code/fortran/build_pFUnit/index.html b/code/fortran/build_pFUnit/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08acc54 --- /dev/null +++ b/code/fortran/build_pFUnit/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ + + + + + + + Example installation of pFUnit and pFUnit_demos — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
  • + +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
  • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

Example installation of pFUnit and pFUnit_demos

+
+

Set up the environment

+

Installing pFUnit requires Git, a Fortran compiler and CMake.

+
+

On a cluster

+

On an HPC cluster you might need to add a few environment modules. For +example, on Tetralith you +would do:

+
module add git/2.19.3-nsc1-gcc-system
+module add CMake/3.16.4-nsc1
+export FC=/software/sse/manual/mpprun/4.1.3/nsc-wrappers/ifort
+
+
+
+
+

On own computer

+

If you don’t have CMake or a Fortran compiler +installed yet, one option is to install them into a conda environment +by first saving the following into a file environment.yml:

+
name: compilers
+channels:
+  - conda-forge
+dependencies:
+  - cmake
+  - compilers
+
+
+

followed by installing the packages into a new environment:

+
conda env create -f environment.yml
+
+
+

and finally activating the environment:

+
conda activate compilers
+
+
+

For good measure, set the FC variable to point to your +Fortran compiler (adjust path as needed):

+
export FC=$HOME/miniconda3/envs/compilers/bin/gfortran
+
+
+
+
+
+

Clone the pFUnit repository

+
git clone --recursive git@github.com:Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit.git
+cd pFUnit
+
+
+
+
+

Configure with Cmake

+
mkdir build
+cd build
+cmake ..
+
+
+
+
+

Build and install

+

The following will install pFUnit into a directory installed under +the build directory.

+
make tests
+make install
+
+
+
+
+

Compiling with pFUnit

+

When compiling with pFUnit, set:

+
export PFUNIT_DIR=$HOME/path/to/pFUnit/build/installed
+
+
+

and run CMake with -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$PFUNIT_DIR.

+
+
+

Clone the pFUnit_demos repository

+

This is for testing and learning purposes.

+
git clone git@github.com:Goddard-Fortran-Ecosystem/pFUnit_demos.git
+
+
+
+

Try out the Trivial, Basic, and MPI examples

+
cd pFUnit_demos
+export PFUNIT_DIR=~pFUnit/build/installed/PFUNIT-4.2
+cd Trivial
+./build_with_cmake_and_run.x
+cd ../Basic
+./build_with_cmake_and_run.x
+cd ../MPI
+./build_with_cmake_and_run.x
+´´´
+
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright CodeRefinery project.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/concepts/index.html b/concepts/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f8a4cec --- /dev/null +++ b/concepts/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ + + + + + + + <no title> — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +

This page has been merged with Motivation

+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright CodeRefinery project.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/conclusions/index.html b/conclusions/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d68058b --- /dev/null +++ b/conclusions/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ + + + + + + + Conclusions and recommendations — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Conclusions and recommendations

+
+

The basics

+
    +
  • Learn one test framework well enough for basics

    +
      +
    • Explore and use the good tools that exist out there

    • +
    • An incomplete list of testing frameworks can be found in the Quick Reference

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Start with some basics

    +
      +
    • Some simple thing that test all parts

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Automate tests

    +
      +
    • Faster feedback and reduce the number of surprises

    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+

Going more in-depth

+
    +
  • Strike a healthy balance between unit tests and integration tests

  • +
  • As the code gets larger and the chance of undetected bugs +increases, tests should increase

  • +
  • When adding new functionality, also add tests

  • +
  • When you discover and fix a bug, also commit a test against this bug

  • +
  • Use code coverage analysis to identify untested or unused code

  • +
  • If you make your code easier to test, it becomes more modular

  • +
+
+
+

Ways to get started

+

You probably won’t do everything perfectly when you start off… But +what are some of the easy starting points?

+
    +
  • Do you have some single functions that are easy to test, but hard to +verify just by looking at them? Add unit tests.

  • +
  • Do you have data analysis or simulation of some sort? Make an +end-to-end test with sample data, or sample parameters. This is +useful as an example anyway.

  • +
  • A local testing framework + GitHub actions is very easy! And works +well in the background - you do whatever you want and get an email +if you break things. It’s actually pretty freeing.

  • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/continuous-integration/index.html b/continuous-integration/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f6a5b6a --- /dev/null +++ b/continuous-integration/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,699 @@ + + + + + + + Automated testing — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Automated testing

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository?

  • +
  • Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages?

  • +
+
+
+

Continuous integration

+

We will now learn to set up automatic tests using either GitHub Actions or +GitLab CI - you can choose which one to use and instructions are provided for both.

+

This exercise can be run in “collaborative mode” by following instead the instructions +in Full-cycle collaborative workflow. In the collaborative version steps +C-D below are performed by a collaborator.

+
+

Exercise CI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab

+

In this exercise, we will:

+
    +
  • A. Create and add code to a repository on GitHub/GitLab (or, alternatively, fork and clone an existing example repository)

  • +
  • B. Set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI

  • +
  • C. Find a bug in our repository and open an issue to report it

  • +
  • D. Fix the bug on a bugfix branch and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

  • +
  • E. Merge the pull/merge request and see how the issue is automatically closed.

  • +
  • F. Create a test to increase the code coverage of our tests.

  • +
+
+
+

Prerequisites

+

If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +this git-refresher material. +If you are new to pull requests / merge requests, you can learn all about them +in the Collaborative Git lesson.

+
+
+

Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab OR fork from the example repo

+
+

Create a new repository

+
    +
  • Begin by creating a repository called (for example) example-ci.

  • +
  • Before you create the repository, select “Initialize this repository +with a README” (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo).

  • +
  • Clone the repository (git clone git@github.com:<yourGitID>/example-ci.git).

  • +
  • Add the following files and code

  • +
+
+

Add a file functions.py containing:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a + b  # <--- fix this in step 7
+
+def multiply(a, b):
+    return a * b
+
+def convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit):
+    return multiply(subtract(fahrenheit, 32), 9 / 5) # <-- Fix this in step 7
+
+
+

and a file test_functions.py containing:

+

+from functions import add, subtract, multiply
+from functions import convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius as f2c
+import pytest
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(2, 3) == 5
+    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 5
+#def test_subtract():
+#    assert subtract(2, 3) == -1
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 11
+# def test_convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius():
+#    assert f2c(32) == 0
+#    assert f2c(122) == pytest.approx(50)
+#    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+#        f2c(-600)
+
+
+
+

Finally, stage the files (git add <filename>), commit (git commit -m "some commit message"), +and push the changes (git push origin main).

+
+
+
+

Fork and clone an existing example repository

+
    +
  • Fork the example repo. There are two options one for python and one for R.

  • +
  • Clone your fork (git clone git@github.com:<yourGitID>/<Py/R>TestingExample.git).

  • +
+
+
+
+

Step 2: Run tests locally

+
+

You can now run your tests locally with

+
pytest
+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 3: Enable automated testing

+
+

In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. +Select “Actions” from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page +“Get started with GitHub Actions”. Select the button for “Configure” +under Python Application:

+
+Selecting a Python workflow +
+

Select “Python application” as the starter workflow.

+
+
+

GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder .github/workflows. +Modify the highlited lines according to the action below. This will add a code coverage +report to new pull requests. The if clause restricts this to pull requests, as otherwise +this action would not have a target to write the reports to. On pushes only the unittesting is run.

+
# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a variety of Python versions
+# For more information see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/building-and-testing-python
+
+name: Python package
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python 3.10
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.10"
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install flake8 pytest pytest-cov
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with pytest and calculate coverage
+      run: |
+        pytest --cov-report "xml:coverage.xml"  --cov=.
+    - name: Create Coverage
+      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+      uses: orgoro/coverage@v3
+      with:
+          coverageFile: coverage.xml
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+
+

Commit the change by pressing the “Start Commit” button:

+
+Committing the change +
+

Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master.

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run

+
+

Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is +executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green +check mark, once the test succeeds:

+
+Verify that the test passed +
+

Green check means passed.

+
+
+

Also browse the “Actions” tab and look at the steps there and their output.

+
+
+
+

Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem

+

After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository:

+
$ git pull origin main
+
+
+

Hint: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called main and not perhaps master.

+

Next uncomment the code in test_functions.py under “step 5”, commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the “Actions” tab (GitHub) +or the “CI/CD->Pipelines” tab (GitLab).

+
+
+

Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab

+

Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the +“Issues” button on GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that we will fix the issue through a pull/merge request.

+
+
+

Step 7: Fix the broken test

+

Now fix the code on a new branch, you can call it yourname/bugfix. +After you have fixed the code on the new branch, commit the following +commit message "restore function subtract; fixes #1" (assuming that +you try to fix issue number 1).

+
+

Shortcut

+

Here it’s perfectly possible to take a shortcut and commit and push +directly to the main branch. If you do this, steps 8-9 below are skipped.

+
    +
  • When would you push directly to the main branch, and when would you send a +pull/merge request?

  • +
+
+

Then push to your repository.

+
+
+

Step 8: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

+

Go back to the repository on GitHub or GitLab and open a pull/merge +request. In a collaborative setting, you could request a code +review from collaborators at this stage. Before accepting the +pull/merge request, observe how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI +automatically tested the code.

+

If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you +can still add it to the pull/merge request: my pull/merge request title, closes #1.

+
+
+

Step 9: Accept the pull/merge request

+

Observe how accepting the pull/merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull/merge request contained the correct issue number).

+

See also:

+ +

Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful?

+
+
+

Step 10: Increase your code coverage

+

We are currently missing several functions in our tests. Write a test for the multiply function in a new branch and create a pull request. +On python you can directly observe the increase in code coverage. +On R you can have a look at the action (Actions -> last run of your action -> Select a job -> Test coverage). If you compare this with the +previous run, you should see an increase once the update is in.

+
+
+

Step 11 (optional): Repeat steps 5-9 for the convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function:

+

Repetition helps learning, so let’s do the testing again for our convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function. +Uncomment the test for the convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function and repeat steps 5 to 9 fixing the bug this test exposes.

+
+
+

Discussion

+

Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise.

+
+
+
+
+

Where to go from here

+
    +
  • This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages

  • +
  • This workflow is very useful for collaborators who work on the same code and it works both for +centralized and +forking workflows - have a look at this +alternative exercise to see how that works.

  • +
  • GitHub Actions has a Marketpace which offer wide range of automatic workflows

  • +
  • On GitLab use GitLab CI

  • +
  • For Windows builds you can also use Appveyor

  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue +autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request.

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exercises/index.html b/exercises/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..822a4bf --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1689 @@ + + + + + + + List of exercises — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

List of exercises

+
+

Full list

+

This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests.

+
+

Testing locally

+

In pytest.md:

+
+

Local-1: Create a minimal Pytest example (15 min)

+

In this exercise, we will create a minimal example using +the pytest, run the test, and show what +happens when a test breaks.

+
    +
  1. Create a new directory and change into it:

    +
    $ mkdir pytest-example
    +$ cd pytest-example
    +
    +
    +
  2. +
  3. Then create a file called example.py and copy-paste the following code into it:

    +
    def add(a, b):
    +    return a + b
    +
    +
    +def test_add():
    +    assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
    +
    +
    +

    This code contains one genuine function and a test function. +pytest finds any functions beginning with test_ and treats them +as tests.

    +
  4. +
  5. Let us try to test it with pytest:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add PASSED
    +
    +========================================================= 1 passed in 0.01 seconds ===============================
    +
    +
    +

    Yay! The test passed!

    +

    Hint for participants trying this inside Spyder or IPython: try !pytest -v example.py.

    +
  6. +
  7. Let us break the test! +Introduce a code change which breaks the code and check +whether pytest detects the change:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add FAILED
    +
    +================================================================= FAILURES =======================================
    +_________________________________________________________________ test_add _______________________________________
    +
    +    def test_add():
    +>       assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +E       assert -1 == 5
    +E         --1
    +E         +5
    +
    +example.py:6: AssertionError
    +========================================================= 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ==============
    +
    +
    +

    Notice how pytest is smart and includes context: lines that failed, +values of the relevant variables.

    +
  8. +
+
+

In pytest.md:

+
+

(optional) Local-2: Create a test that considers numerical tolerance (10 min)

+

Let’s see an example where the test has to be more clever in order to +avoid false negative.

+

In the above exercise we have compared integers. In this optional exercise we +want to learn how to compare floating point numbers since they are more tricky +(see also “What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic”).

+

The following test will fail and this might be surprising. Try it out:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(0.1, 0.2) == 0.3
+
+
+

Your goal: find a more robust way to test this addition.

+
+

In pytest.md:

+ +
+
+

Automated testing

+

In continuous-integration.md:

+
+

Exercise CI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab

+

In this exercise, we will:

+
    +
  • A. Create and add code to a repository on GitHub/GitLab (or, alternatively, fork and clone an existing example repository)

  • +
  • B. Set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI

  • +
  • C. Find a bug in our repository and open an issue to report it

  • +
  • D. Fix the bug on a bugfix branch and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

  • +
  • E. Merge the pull/merge request and see how the issue is automatically closed.

  • +
  • F. Create a test to increase the code coverage of our tests.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Test design

+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-1: Design a test for a function that receives a number and returns a number

+
+
def factorial(n):
+    """
+    Computes the factorial of n.
+    """
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError('received negative input')
+    result = 1
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        result *= i
+    return result
+
+
+

Discussion point: The factorial grows very rapidly. What happens if you +pass a large number as argument to the function?

+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-2: Design a test for a function that receives two strings and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_string(text, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in text.
+    Example: if text is "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    words = text.split()
+    return words.count(word)
+
+
+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-3: Design a test for a function which reads a file and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_file(file_name, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in file file_name.
+    Example: if file contains "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    count = 0
+    with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            words = line.split()
+            count += words.count(word)
+    return count
+
+
+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-4: Design a test for a function with an external dependency

+

This one is not easy to test because the function has an external dependency.

+
+
def check_reactor_temperature(temperature_celsius):       """
+    Checks whether temperature is above max_temperature
+    and returns a status.
+    """
+    from reactor import max_temperature
+    if temperature_celsius > max_temperature:
+        status = 1
+    else:
+        status = 0
+    return status
+
+
+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-5: Design a test for a method of a mutable class

+
+
class Pet:
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.hunger = 0
+    def go_for_a_walk(self):  # <-- how would you test this function?
+        self.hunger += 1
+
+
+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-6: Experience test-driven development

+

Write a test before writing the function! You can decide yourself +what your unwritten function should do, but as a suggestion it can +be based on FizzBuzz - i.e. +a function that:

+
    +
  • takes an integer argument

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of three, returns “Fizz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of five, returns “Buzz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of both three and five, returns “FizzBuzz”

  • +
  • fails in case of non-integer arguments or integer arguments 0 or negative

  • +
  • otherwise returns the integer itself

  • +
+

When writing the tests, consider the different ways that the function could +and should fail.

+

After you have written the tests, implement the function and run the tests +until they pass.

+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-7: Write two different types of tests for randomness

+

Consider the code below which simulates playing +Yahtzee by using +random numbers. How would you go about testing it?

+

Try to write two types of tests:

+
    +
  • a unit test for the roll_dice function. Since it uses +random numbers, you will need to set the random seed, +pre-calculate what sequence of dice throws you get with that seed, +and use that in your test.

  • +
  • a test of the yahtzee function which considers the statistical +probability of obtaining a “Yahtzee” (5 dice with the same value +after three throws), which is around 4.6%. This test will be +an integration test since it tests multiple functions including the +random number generator itself.

  • +
+
+
import random
+from collections import Counter
+
+
+def roll_dice(num_dice):
+    return [random.choice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) for _ in range(num_dice)]
+
+
+def yahtzee():
+    """
+    Play yahtzee with 5 6-sided dice and 3 throws.
+    Collect as many of the same dice side as possible.
+    Returns the number of same sides.
+    """
+
+    # first throw
+    result = roll_dice(5)
+    most_common_side, how_often = Counter(result).most_common(1)[0]
+
+    # we keep the most common side
+    target_side = most_common_side
+    num_same_sides = how_often
+    if num_same_sides == 5:
+        return 5
+
+    # second and third throw
+    for _ in [2, 3]:
+        throw = roll_dice(5 - num_same_sides)
+        num_same_sides += Counter(throw)[target_side]
+        if num_same_sides == 5:
+            return 5
+
+    return num_same_sides
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    num_games = 100
+
+    winning_games = list(
+        filter(
+            lambda x: x == 5,
+            [yahtzee() for _ in range(num_games)],
+        )
+    )
+
+    print(f"out of the {num_games} games, {len(winning_games)} got a yahtzee!")
+
+
+
+ +
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-8: Design (but not write) an end-to-end test for the uniq program

+

To have a tangible example, let us consider the uniq command. This command +can read a file or an input stream and remove consecutive repetition. +The program behind uniq has been written by somebody else, it probably contains +some functions, but we will not look into it but regard it as “black box”.

+

If we have a file called repetitive-text.txt containing:

+
(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+another line
+another line
+another line
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

… then feeding this input file to uniq like this:

+
$ uniq < repetitive-text.txt
+
+
+

… will produce the following output with repetitions removed:

+
(all together now) all together now
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

How would you write an end-to-end test for uniq?

+
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-9: More end-to-end testing

+
    +
  • Now imagine a code which reads numbers and produces some (floating +point) numbers. How would you test that?

  • +
  • How would you test a code end-to-end which produces images?

  • +
+
+

In test-design.md:

+
+

Design-10: Create an actual end-to-end test

+

Often, you can include tests that run your whole workflow or program. +For example, you might include sample data and check the output +against what you expect. (including sample data is a great idea +anyway, so this helps a lot!)

+

We’ll use the word-count example repository +https://github.com/coderefinery/word-count.

+

As a reminder, you can run the script like this to get some output, +which prints to standard output (the terminal):

+
$ python3 statistics/count.py data/abyss.txt
+
+
+

Your goal is to make a test that can run this and let you know if it’s +successful or not. You could use Python, or you could use shell +scripting. You can test if these two lines are in the output: the 4044 and and 2807.

+

Python hint: +subprocess.check_output +will run a command and return its output as a string.

+

Bash hint: COMMAND | grep "PATTERN" (“pipe to grep”) will be true if +the pattern is in the command.

+ +
+
+
+

(Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow

+

In full-cycle-ci.md:

+
+

FullCI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab with pull requests and issues

+

This is an expanded version of the automated testing demonstration. +The exercise is performed in a collaborative circle within the exercise group +(breakout room).

+

The exercise takes 20-30 minutes.

+

In this exercise, everybody will:

+

A. Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab (everybody should use a different repository name for their repository) +B. Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +C. Everybody will find a bug in their repository and open an issue in their repository +D. Then each one will clone the repo of one of their exercise partners, fix the bug, +and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +E. Everybody then merges their co-worker’s change

+
+

In full-cycle-ci.md:

+
+

(optional) FullCI-2: Add a license file to the previous exercise’s repository

+

In the Social coding and open software +lesson we learn how important it is to add a LICENSE file.

+

Your goal:

+
    +
  • You discover that your coworker’s repository does not have a LICENSE file.

  • +
  • Open an issue and suggest a LICENSE.

  • +
  • Then add a LICENSE via a pull/merge request, referencing the issue number.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/full-cycle-ci/index.html b/full-cycle-ci/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..87a074a --- /dev/null +++ b/full-cycle-ci/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,453 @@ + + + + + + + (Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

(Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository?

  • +
  • Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages?

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise a full-cycle collaborative workflow

+

This exercise is a collaborative version of the Automated testing exercise.

+
+

FullCI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab with pull requests and issues

+

This is an expanded version of the automated testing demonstration. +The exercise is performed in a collaborative circle within the exercise group +(breakout room).

+

The exercise takes 20-30 minutes.

+

In this exercise, everybody will:

+

A. Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab (everybody should use a different repository name for their repository) +B. Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +C. Everybody will find a bug in their repository and open an issue in their repository +D. Then each one will clone the repo of one of their exercise partners, fix the bug, +and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +E. Everybody then merges their co-worker’s change

+
+
+Graph with exercise steps +
+

Overview of this exercise. Below we detail the steps.

+
+
+
+

Prerequisites

+

If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +this git-refresher material.

+
+
+

Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab

+
    +
  • Select a different repository name than your colleagues (otherwise forking the same name will be strange)

  • +
  • Before you create the repository, select “Initialize this repository +with a README” (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo).

  • +
  • Share the repository URL with your exercise group via shared document or chat

  • +
+
+
+

Step 2: Clone your own repository, add code, commit, and push

+

Clone the repository.

+

Add a file example.py containing:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(2, 3) == 5
+    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
+
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a + b  # <--- fix this in step 8
+
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 5
+#def test_subtract():
+#    assert subtract(2, 3) == -1
+
+
+

Test example.py with pytest.

+

Then stage the file (git add <filename>), commit (git commit -m "some commit message"), +and push the changes (git push origin main).

+
+
+

Step 3: Enable automated testing

+
+

In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. +Select “Actions” from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page +“Get started with GitHub Actions”. Select the button for “Set up +this workflow” under Python Application:

+
+Selecting a Python workflow +
+

Select “Python application” as the starter workflow.

+
+
+

GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder .github/workflows. +Add pytest example.py to the last line (highlighted):

+
# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python
+# For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions
+
+name: Python application
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Set up Python 3.8
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.8
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install flake8 pytest
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: |
+        pytest example.py
+
+
+

Commit the change by pressing the “Start Commit” button:

+
+Committing the change +
+

Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master.

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run

+
+

Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is +executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green +check mark, once the test succeeds:

+
+Verify that the test passed +
+

Green check means passed.

+
+
+

Also browse the “Actions” tab and look at the steps there and their output.

+
+
+
+

Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem

+

After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository:

+
$ git pull origin main
+
+
+

Hint for helpers: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called main and not perhaps master.

+

Next uncomment the code in example.py under “step 5”, commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the “Actions” tab (GitHub) +or the “CI/CD->Pipelines” tab (GitLab).

+
+
+

Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab

+

Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the “Issues” button on +GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that your colleague will fix the issue through a pull/merge request.

+
+
+

Step 7: Fork and clone the repository of your colleague

+

Fork the repository using the GitHub/GitLab web interface. +(if you are unfamiliar with forking and pull requests, have a look at +this visual representation).

+

Make sure you clone the fork after you have forked it. Do not clone +your colleague’s repository directly.

+
+
$ git clone https://github.com/your-username/the-repository.git
+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 8: Fix the broken test

+

After you have fixed the code, commit the following commit message +"restore function subtract; fixes #1" (assuming that you try to fix +issue number 1).

+

Then push to your fork.

+
+
+

Step 9: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

+

Then before accepting the pull request/ merge request from your colleague, observe +how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI automatically tested the code.

+

If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you can still add it to +the pull request/ merge request: my pull/merge request title, closes #NUMBEROFTHEISSUE

+
+
+

Step 10: Accept the pull request/ merge request

+

Observe how accepting the pull request/ merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull request/ merge request contained the correct issue number).

+

See also:

+ +

Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful?

+
+
+

Discussion

+

Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise.

+
+

(optional) FullCI-2: Add a license file to the previous exercise’s repository

+

In the Social coding and open software +lesson we learn how important it is to add a LICENSE file.

+

Your goal:

+
    +
  • You discover that your coworker’s repository does not have a LICENSE file.

  • +
  • Open an issue and suggest a LICENSE.

  • +
  • Then add a LICENSE via a pull/merge request, referencing the issue number.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+
+

Where to go from here

+
    +
  • This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages

  • +
  • GitHub Actions has a Marketpace which offer wide range of automatic workflows

  • +
  • On GitLab use GitLab CI

  • +
  • For Windows builds you can also use Appveyor

  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue +autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request.

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/genindex/index.html b/genindex/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d60c6dd --- /dev/null +++ b/genindex/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ + + + + + + Index — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright CodeRefinery project.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/guide/index.html b/guide/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f07ae46 --- /dev/null +++ b/guide/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ + + + + + + + Instructor guide — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Instructor guide

+
+

Detailed schedule

+
    +
  • 9:00-9:15 Motivation

  • +
  • 9:15-9:40 Testing locally

    +
      +
    • explain the exercise: 5 min

    • +
    • 20 min exercise

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 9:40-10:00 Automated testing

    +
      +
    • demo

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 10:00-10:10 Break

  • +
  • 10:10-10:50 Test design

    +
      +
    • explain the exercise: 10 min

    • +
    • 20 min exercise

    • +
    • discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 10:50-11:00 Discussion and summary

  • +
+
+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+
    +
  • Because writing tests and using automated testing is often part +of the development process, especially for codes that are larger than +a simple script.

  • +
  • We wish to give learners the tools so that they can rewrite codes and +collaborate on a code projects with more confidence.

  • +
  • Testing can help detecting regressions during development instead of later +(when using the code) or too late (after having published results).

  • +
  • Can simplify collaboration since contributors can be more confident that +their changes preserve expected functionality.

  • +
  • Tests document the intent of the function/module/library/code.

  • +
  • Tests can guide the code towards more modular and reusable code style with +fewer side effects.

  • +
+
+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+
    +
  • Know that in each language tools exist that can execute a series of test functions +and report success or failure.

  • +
  • Know that services like GitHub Actions, Azure pipelines, GitLab CI, Appveyor, and others +allow us to automatically run tests on every Git push or every pull request or merge request.

  • +
  • Be able to approach a function or module or library and design a test for it “in words” +or pseudo-code.

  • +
  • Know what test coverage means and how it can help to detect untested/unused code.

  • +
  • Know where in a larger and untested project to start introducing tests since it is beyond +reach and also probably not reasonable to test everything.

  • +
+
+
+

How we teach this lesson

+
+

How to start

+

The quote from another testing lesson by Kathryn Huff can be discussed +to get participants to reflect on the role of software testing in +science and its parallels to calibrating measurement devices. The second half +of the quote is left out because it goes so far as to say that untested software +does not constitute science, and this can be offending to learners.

+
+
+

Questions to involve participants

+
    +
  • Do you agree that testing software is similar to calibrating detectors?

  • +
  • Do you test your code?

  • +
  • How and when do you test?

  • +
  • Where would you start adding a test in an existing project?

  • +
  • In which situations would you recommend not to add any tests?

  • +
+
+
+

Structure of the lesson

+
+

Motivation and concepts

+

The former “motivation” and “concepts” episodes have been combined +into one. Previously, the lesson was described as quite dogmagtic and +without enough time for exercises. When teaching, try to give some of +the benefits, but without being too long about it. The quick +reference has more details on language-specific things.

+
+
+

Testing locally

+

After introducing the concepts the lesson becomes hands-on in the +Testing Locally episode. The pytest example there can be done as +type-along and the optional exercise “Testing with numerical +tolerance” can be left as homework. The end-to-end test may be hard +for many people who can’t script other programs, but it provides +something that can keep advanced people interested for longer.

+
+
+

Automated testing (or full-cycle collaborative workflow)

+

After learning how to run tests locally, the lesson goes into +automated testing using GitHub Actions or GitLab CI in the Automated +Testing episode. This episode is a simplified version of the +collaborative exercise in the optional episode “Full-cycle +collaborative workflow”, and the instructor has a choice which one to +teach (with the latter requiring around double the time). The +exercise in Automated Testing can either be done as a type-along +demonstration by the instructor or as an exercise in breakout rooms.

+

If run as an exercise, this episode requires that learners know how +to set up Git repositories locally and online and how to work with +pull/merge requests!

+

If the optional Full-cycle episode is covered, it is useful during the +wrap up of the exercise to have a co-instructor doing the exercise in +parallel with you. As your partner makes a pull requests with “fixes +#1” (or whatever PR number) you can show that the PR links to a issue, +and the issue pointing to a commit.

+
+
+

Test design

+

This episode now has exercises in different languages covering +different testing approaches (unit tests, integration tests, testing +randomness, TDD). In normal workshops there are far too many +exercises for the available time so the instructor has freedom to +recommend specific exercises, to let learners choose themselves, or to +recommend learners to discuss rather than implement the tests.

+
+
+

Order of Continuous Integration and Test Design

+

When this lesson is taught standalone in a software testing workshop +or hackathon, it might be better to go through the Test Design episode +before the Continuous Integration episode.

+
+
+
+

Timing

+

The lesson is stipulated to take around 2 hours, but if more time is +available you can replace the Automated Testing episode with “Full-cycle +collaborative workflow”, or give more time to the Test Design episode.

+

Splitting the lesson in two halves with a lunch break in the middle +works well. Before lunch you have on hour introduction and the two +first exercises. After lunch you continue with the automated testing +exercise and test design.

+
+
+

Room for improvement

+
    +
  • The lesson is still too Python centric in the “Testing locally” and “Automated testing” episodes. +It would be nice to offer alternatives for learners who write in different languages.

  • +
  • Currently the lesson is in the “discipline” domain. Testing is +something you do to control behavior (your own as well as the code). +Testing is also something you can do to improve productivity, but this +is less visible/detectable.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Field reports

+
+

2024 March (first time with no exercises)

+

This was the first year we did the “all demo” mode with no exercises, +and it worked well enough. Our rough plan can be seen at this +hackmd (not pasted here +because it’s kind of long).

+

We tried to be fast with motivation, and not go to details. In +“testing locally”, we basically did the exercise as a demo. There +wasn’t much of note, it worked and there was plenty of +discussion. “Automated testing” worked fine also, except: a) we had to +choose how to push to Github, we used vscode, but not all learners did +that method. Nothing to change here, but be aware you should explain +what and why you are doing for people who didn’t use your chosen +method of linking, and b) code coverage didn’t work from a PR from a +fork. We had one person set up the automated tests, then swapped +instructors and showed the second making the fork and contributing.

+

The biggest thing to think about is how, when demoing testing +locally/automated testing, people ask “how to tests work?”, which then +comes later. I don’t know if I would change the order, +though… because showing how to design tests without knowing how to +use them would make the same kind of questions, but reversed. I think +it’s just a “decide how it is and prepare for the questions” - maybe +in “motivation” or some other summary episode at the start.

+

“Test design” didn’t have any major problems, but many of the tests +were relatively simple to discuss: the earlier tests would be trivial +to understand if someone shows you the code (should we demonstrate +typing two lines that’s the same as in motivation? - but interesting +to do as an exercise). Some of the later ones were interesting to +build up and demonstrate. It would be good to think which exercises +one wants to demo, and which one wants to only talk about. And think +which comes out of each demo/telling.

+

Overall, no major issues in doing this demo-based with good +familiarity but limited preparation time.

+
+
+

2023 September

+

For this lesson, “Motivation” and “Concepts” were combined. An extra +end-to-end test was added under “testing locally”.

+
+
+

2023 March

+

Due to a mix-up with instructors, we changed the plan at the last +minute and it didn’t go so well (we should have known). The original +plan had pytest as a demo, with exercises for Github CI and test +design. We did pytest as an exercise, Github CI as an exercise, and +had almost no time for test design. One complaint was that there +wasn’t enough time for practical things, so I think a plan like last +time could have been good. As usual, we should have found a way to +talk less and do more.

+

This was the schedule from March 2023:

+
* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started
+* 9:00 - 10:45 [Software testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/)
+  - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday
+  - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/)
+  - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/)
+  - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/)
+      - 5 minutes talking
+      - 15 minute exercises
+      - 5 going over exercises and discussion
+  - 9:45-9:55 Break
+  - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/)
+      - type-along session
+  - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/)
+      - discussion: 5 minutes
+      - Exercises: 10 minutes.  Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do.
+      - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes
+  - 10:45-11:00 Break
+
+
+
+
+

2022 September

+

Overall, it went well with the schedule below. We had to be +efficient, but it seemed like it wasn’t too hard. The only complaint +was that there was a lot of time for the first exercise (pytest +locally), which I would agree with. I think for next time, we should +add in parts of that exercise so that there are more advanced things +to do, since there are more nice features of pytest, such as --pdb, +running single tests, etc. Other than that, there wasn’t really much +to report.

+

The way extra long breaks and a 5-minute starting point were included +is quite good for the schedule. Not because we needed them, but it +allowed us to go over time and not be under so much time pressure.

+
**Day 6**
+* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started
+* 9:00 - 10:45 Software testing
+  - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday
+  - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/)
+  - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/)
+  - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/)
+      - 5 minutes talking
+      - 15 minute exercises
+      - 5 going over exercises and discussion
+  - 9:45-9:55 Break
+  - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/)
+      - type-along session
+  - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/)
+      - discussion: 5 minutes
+      - Exercises: 10 minutes.  Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do.
+      - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes
+  - 10:45-11:00 Break
+
+
+
+
+

2019 November instructor training workshop

+

Some notes about teaching are here: +https://github.com/coderefinery/testing/issues/42

+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5e9f0f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ + + + + + + + Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
  • + +
  • + Edit on GitHub +
  • +
+
+
+
+
+ +
+

Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code

+

Have you ever had some of these problems?:

+
    +
  • You change B and C, and suddenly A doesn’t work anymore. Time +wasted trying to figure out what changed.

  • +
  • There was some simple problem, systematically testing could have +found it.

  • +
  • You get someone else’s code and are afraid to touch it because who +knows what might break. Plot twist: it’s your own code!

  • +
+

People have learned that some automatic way to check problems makes +software development much easier. This lesson will talk about the +places it’s useful for research code, and how easy it can be. +We will discuss why testing often needs to be part of the +software development cycle and how such a cycle can be implemented. We will +see how automated testing works and practice designing and writing tests.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +
  1. You need pytest (as part of Anaconda or Miniconda or Virtual Environment).

  2. +
  3. (Optional) To work on exercises in other languages than Python, +please follow the instructions under “Language-specific +instructions” in the Test design episode +to install the recommended testing frameworks.

  4. +
  5. Basic understanding of Git.

  6. +
  7. You need a GitHub or a Gitlab account for the “automated testing” and +“full-cycle collaborative workflow” (but the rest works fine +just locally).

  8. +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

15 min

Motivation

25 min

Testing locally

30 min

Automated testing

30 min

Test design

5 min

Conclusions and recommendations

+ + + +
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lesson.pdf b/lesson.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c13c6bd Binary files /dev/null and b/lesson.pdf differ diff --git a/motivation/index.html b/motivation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..721a560 --- /dev/null +++ b/motivation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,431 @@ + + + + + + + Motivation — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Motivation

+
+

Objectives

+
    +
  • Appreciate the importance of testing software

  • +
  • Understand various benefits of testing

  • +
+
+
+

Untested software can be compared to uncalibrated detectors

+

“Before relying on a new experimental device, an experimental scientist always +establishes its accuracy. A new detector is calibrated when the scientist +observes its responses to known input signals. The results of this +calibration are compared against the expected response.”

+
+
+

With testing, simulations and analysis using software can be held to the same standards as experimental measurement devices!

+

What can go wrong when research software has bugs? Look no further:

+ +
+
+
+

Testing in a nutshell

+

In software tests, expected results are compared with observed results +in order to establish accuracy. Why are we not comparing directly all +digits with the expected result?:

+
+
def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f):
+    """Converts temperature in Fahrenheit
+    to Celsius.
+    """
+    temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0)
+    return temp_c
+
+# This is the test function: `assert` raises an error if something
+# is wrong.
+def test_fahrenheit_to_celsius():
+    temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f=100.0)
+    expected_result = 37.777777
+    assert abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6
+    
+
+
+
+

Or you can test whole programs:

+
$ python3 run-test.py
+
+running: sample_data/set1.csv --output=tests/set1.txt
+CORRECT
+
+
+
+
+
+

What can tests help you do?

+

Preserving expected functionality

+
    +
  • Check old things when you add new ones

  • +
+

Help users of your code

+
    +
  • Verify it’s installed correctly and works.

  • +
  • See examples of what it should do.

  • +
+

Help other developers modify it

+
    +
  • Change things with confidence that nothing is breaking.

  • +
  • Warning if documentation/examples go out of date.

  • +
+

Manage complexity

+
    +
  • If code is easy to test, it’s probably easier to maintain.

  • +
  • The next lesson Modular code development +demonstrates this.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests?

+
+

Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests?

+

Vote in the notes and we’ll discuss soon. It is always a balance: there is no “always”/”never”.

+
    +
  1. Jupyter or R Markdown notebook which produces a plot and you know by +looking at the plot whether it worked?

  2. +
  3. A short, “obviously correct” Python or R script which you never intend to reuse?

  4. +
  5. A simple short, “obviously correct” shell script?

  6. +
  7. Can you give other examples?

  8. +
+
+
+
+
+

Discussion: What’s easy and hard to test?

+
+

Discussion: Testing in practice

+

Use the collaborative notes to answer these questions:

+
    +
  1. Give examples of things (from your work) that are easy to test.

  2. +
  3. Give examples of things (from your work) that are hard to test.

  4. +
+
+
+
+
+

Types of tests

+
    +
  • Test functions one at a time - Unit tests

  • +
  • Test how parts work together - Integration tests

  • +
  • Test the whole thing running - End-to-end tests

    +
      +
    • For example, running on sample data.

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Check same results as before - Regression tests

  • +
  • Write test first (the output), then write code to make test pass - +Test-driven development

  • +
  • GitHub or GitLab runs tests automatically - Continuous +integration

  • +
  • Report that tells you which lines were/were not run by tests - +Code coverage

  • +
  • Framework that runs test for you - Testing framework

    + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

What should you do?

+
    +
  • Not every code needs perfect test coverage.

  • +
  • If code is interactive-only (Jupyter Notebook), it’s usually hard to +test.

    +
      +
    • But also hard to run: the next lesson will discuss!

    • +
    +
  • +
  • At least end-to-end is often easy to add.

  • +
  • Add tests of tricky functions.

    +
      +
    • If you’d have to run it over and over to test while writing, why +not make it a property test?

    • +
    +
  • +
  • It’s easy to have Gitlab/Github run the tests.

    +
      +
    • It’s nice to push without thinking, and the system tells you when +it’s broke.

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Learning how to test well make the rest of your code better, too.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Where to start

+
    +
  • A simple script or notebook probably does not need an automated test.

  • +
+

If you have nothing yet

+
    +
  • Start with an end-to-end test.

  • +
  • Describe in words how you check whether the code still works.

  • +
  • Translate the words into a script.

  • +
  • Run the script automatically on every code change.

  • +
+

If you want to start with unit-testing

+
    +
  • You want to rewrite a function? Start adding a unit test right there first.

  • +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/objects.inv b/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61f08b1 Binary files /dev/null and b/objects.inv differ diff --git a/pytest/index.html b/pytest/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0201f7e --- /dev/null +++ b/pytest/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ + + + + + + + Testing locally — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Testing locally

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How hard is it to implement a test suite using pytest?

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise pytest

+

In this exercise we will make a simple Python function and use +pytest to test it.

+
    +
  • This is easy to use by almost any Python project and doesn’t rely on any +other servers or services. Similar things exist in other languages.

  • +
  • The downside is that you have to remember to run it yourself.

  • +
+

We will try to +keep things simple so that those who do not use Python can follow.

+
+

Local-1: Create a minimal Pytest example (15 min)

+

In this exercise, we will create a minimal example using +the pytest, run the test, and show what +happens when a test breaks.

+
    +
  1. Create a new directory and change into it:

    +
    $ mkdir pytest-example
    +$ cd pytest-example
    +
    +
    +
  2. +
  3. Then create a file called example.py and copy-paste the following code into it:

    +
    def add(a, b):
    +    return a + b
    +
    +
    +def test_add():
    +    assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
    +
    +
    +

    This code contains one genuine function and a test function. +pytest finds any functions beginning with test_ and treats them +as tests.

    +
  4. +
  5. Let us try to test it with pytest:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add PASSED
    +
    +========================================================= 1 passed in 0.01 seconds ===============================
    +
    +
    +

    Yay! The test passed!

    +

    Hint for participants trying this inside Spyder or IPython: try !pytest -v example.py.

    +
  6. +
  7. Let us break the test! +Introduce a code change which breaks the code and check +whether pytest detects the change:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add FAILED
    +
    +================================================================= FAILURES =======================================
    +_________________________________________________________________ test_add _______________________________________
    +
    +    def test_add():
    +>       assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +E       assert -1 == 5
    +E         --1
    +E         +5
    +
    +example.py:6: AssertionError
    +========================================================= 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ==============
    +
    +
    +

    Notice how pytest is smart and includes context: lines that failed, +values of the relevant variables.

    +
  8. +
+
+
+

(optional) Local-2: Create a test that considers numerical tolerance (10 min)

+

Let’s see an example where the test has to be more clever in order to +avoid false negative.

+

In the above exercise we have compared integers. In this optional exercise we +want to learn how to compare floating point numbers since they are more tricky +(see also “What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic”).

+

The following test will fail and this might be surprising. Try it out:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(0.1, 0.2) == 0.3
+
+
+

Your goal: find a more robust way to test this addition.

+
+ +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • pytest collects and runs all test functions starting with +test_. If run on a directory, it collects all files matching test_*.py

  • +
  • Python and C/C++ have better tooling for automated tests than Fortran and you can use those also for Fortran projects (via iso_c_binding).

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/quick-reference/index.html b/quick-reference/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..579147d --- /dev/null +++ b/quick-reference/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,518 @@ + + + + + + + Quick Reference — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Quick Reference

+
+

Available tools

+
+

Unit test frameworks

+

A test framework makes it easy to run tests across large amounts +of code automatically. They provide more control than one single +script which does some tests.

+ +
+
+
+

pytest_

+
    +
  • Python

  • +
  • http://doc.pytest.org

  • +
  • Installable via Conda or pip.

  • +
  • Easy to use: Prefix a function with test_ and the test runner will execute it. +No need to subclass anything.

  • +
+
def get_word_lengths(s):
+    """
+    Returns a list of integers representing
+    the word lengths in string s.
+    """
+    return [len(w) for w in s.split()]
+
+def test_get_word_lengths():
+    text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street"
+    assert get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6]
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

testthat

+
    +
  • R

  • +
  • https://github.com/r-lib/testthat

  • +
  • Easily installed from CRAN with install.packages("testthat"), or from GitHub with devtools::install_github("r-lib/testthat")

  • +
  • Use in package development with usethis::use_testthat()

  • +
  • Add a new test file with usethis::use_test("test-name"), e.g.:

    +
    # tests/testthat/test_example.R
    +# file added by running `usethis::use_test("example")`
    +
    +context("Arithmetics")
    +library("mypackage")
    +
    +test_that("square root function works", {
    +  expect_equal(my_sqrt(4), 2)
    +  expect_warning(my_sqrt(-4))
    +})
    +
    +
    +

    Tests consist of one or more expectations, and multiple tests can be grouped together in one test file. +Test files are put in the directory tests/testthat/, and their file names are prefixed with test_.

    +
  • +
  • Run all tests in package with devtools::test() (if you use RStudio, press Ctrl+Shift+T):

    +
    > devtools::test()
    +Loading mypackage
    +Testing mypackage
    +✔ |  OK F W S | Context
    +✔ |   2       | Arithmetics
    +
    +══ Results ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    +OK:       2
    +Failed:   0
    +Warnings: 0
    +Skipped:  0
    +
    +
    +
  • +
+

More information in the Testing chapter of the book R Packages by Hadley Wickham.

+
+
+
+

Test

+
    +
  • Julia

  • +
  • +
  • +
  • Part of the standard library

  • +
  • Provides simple unit testing functionality with +@test and @test_throws macros:

  • +
+
julia> using Test
+
+julia> @test [1, 2] + [2, 1] == [3, 3]
+Test Passed
+
+# approximate comparisons:
+julia> @test π  3.14 atol=0.01
+Test Passed
+
+# Tests that an expression throws exception:
+julia> @test_throws BoundsError [1, 2, 3][4]
+Test Passed
+      Thrown: BoundsError
+
+julia> @test_throws DimensionMismatch [1, 2, 3] + [1, 2]
+Test Passed
+      Thrown: DimensionMismatch
+
+
+
    +
  • Grouping related tests with the @testset macro:

  • +
+
using Test
+
+function get_word_lengths(s::String)
+    return [length(w) for w in split(s)]
+end
+
+@testset "Testing get_word_length()" begin
+    text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street"
+    @test get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6]
+    number = 123
+    @test_throws MethodError get_word_lengths(number)
+end
+
+
+
+
+
+

Catch2

+ +
#include <catch2/catch.hpp>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+using namespace Catch::literals;
+
+TEST_CASE("Use the example library to add numbers", "[add]") {
+  auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  REQUIRE(res == 3.0_a);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Google Test

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Documentation

  • +
  • Widely used

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Well-integrated with CMake

  • +
+
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+TEST(example, add) {
+  double res;
+  res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  ASSERT_NEAR(res, 3.0, 1.0e-11);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Boost.Test

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Documentation

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Header-only use possible

  • +
+
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( add )
+{
+  auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  BOOST_TEST(res == 3.0);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

pFUnit

+ +
@test
+subroutine test_add_numbers()
+
+   use hello
+   use pfunit_mod
+
+   implicit none
+
+   real(8) :: res
+
+   call add_numbers(1.0d0, 2.0d0, res)
+   @assertEqual(res, 3.0d0)
+
+end subroutine
+
+
+ +

To test the factorial and fizzbuzz functions from the test-design +exercises, use this CMakeLists.txt file:

+
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+project (PFUNIT_DEMO_CR
+  VERSION 1.0.0
+  LANGUAGES Fortran)
+
+find_package(PFUNIT REQUIRED)
+enable_testing()
+
+# system under test
+add_library (sut
+  factorial.f90
+  fizzbuzz.f90
+  )
+
+target_include_directories(sut PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+
+# tests
+set (test_srcs test_factorial.pf test_fizzbuzz.pf)
+add_pfunit_ctest (my_tests
+  TEST_SOURCES ${test_srcs}
+  LINK_LIBRARIES sut
+  )
+
+
+

You can then compile using this script:

+
#!/bin/bash -f
+
+if [[ -d build ]]
+then
+    rm -rf build
+fi
+
+mkdir -p build
+cd build
+cmake .. -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$PFUNIT_DIR
+make
+./my_tests
+
+# or
+# ctest --verbose
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Services to deploy testing and coverage

+

Each of these are web services to handle testing, free for open source +projects.

+ +
+
+
+
+

Good resources

+ +
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Testing is a basic requirement of any possible language

  • +
  • There are various tools for any language you may use

  • +
  • There are free web services for open source

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/search/index.html b/search/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8cccb6e --- /dev/null +++ b/search/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ + + + + + + Search — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
  • + +
  • +
  • +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + +
+ +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright CodeRefinery project.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f40f74 --- /dev/null +++ b/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["code/fortran/build_pFUnit", "concepts", "conclusions", "continuous-integration", "exercises", "full-cycle-ci", "guide", "index", "motivation", "pytest", "quick-reference", "test-design"], "filenames": ["code/fortran/build_pFUnit.md", "concepts.md", "conclusions.md", "continuous-integration.md", "exercises.rst", "full-cycle-ci.md", "guide.md", "index.rst", "motivation.md", "pytest.md", "quick-reference.md", "test-design.md"], "titles": ["Example installation of pFUnit and pFUnit_demos", "<no title>", "Conclusions and recommendations", "Automated testing", "List of exercises", "(Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow", "Instructor guide", "Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code", "Motivation", "Testing locally", "Quick 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pFUnit_demos": [[0, "example-installation-of-pfunit-and-pfunit-demos"]], "Set up the environment": [[0, "set-up-the-environment"]], "On a cluster": [[0, "on-a-cluster"]], "On own computer": [[0, "on-own-computer"]], "Clone the pFUnit repository": [[0, "clone-the-pfunit-repository"]], "Configure with Cmake": [[0, "configure-with-cmake"]], "Build and install": [[0, "build-and-install"]], "Compiling with pFUnit": [[0, "compiling-with-pfunit"]], "Clone the pFUnit_demos repository": [[0, "clone-the-pfunit-demos-repository"]], "Try out the Trivial, Basic, and MPI examples": [[0, "try-out-the-trivial-basic-and-mpi-examples"]], "Conclusions and recommendations": [[2, "conclusions-and-recommendations"]], "The basics": [[2, "the-basics"]], "Going more in-depth": [[2, "going-more-in-depth"]], "Ways to get started": [[2, "ways-to-get-started"]], "Automated testing": [[3, "automated-testing"], [4, "automated-testing"]], "Questions": [[3, "questions-0"], [5, "questions-0"], [9, "questions-0"], [11, 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+} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.sig dd { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +.sig dl { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +.translated { + background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2) +} + +.untranslated { + background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2) +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg b/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js b/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40eafe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +.highlight:hover button.copybtn { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3ecd03 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,241 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copié dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), 2000) + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), 2000) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, 2000) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/css/badge_only.css b/singlehtml/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/css/badge_only.css @@ -0,0 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+ return this; // for chaining... + } +})(jQuery); + +// NO good way to do this!. Copy a hack from here +// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/901115/how-can-i-get-query-string-values-in-javascript +// https://stackoverflow.com/a/2880929 +var urlParams; +(window.onpopstate = function () { + var match, + pl = /\+/g, // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space + search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g, + decode = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, " ")); }, + query = window.location.search.substring(1); + urlParams = {}; + while (match = search.exec(query)) + urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]); +})(); + +// Select heading levels +var maxHeading = urlParams['h'] +if (maxHeading === undefined) maxHeading = 2 +var headingLevels = []; +for (h=2 ; h (sections.length-1) ) { + // if we would scroll past bottom, or above top, do nothing + return; + } + + console.log('xxxxxx'); + var targetSection = sections[targetPos]; + console.log(targetSection, typeof(targetSection)); + + // Return targetSection top and height + var secProperties = section_top_and_height(targetSection); 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Pulled from the Jupyter / nbsphinx CSS */ +div.cell_output table { + border: none; + border-collapse: collapse; + border-spacing: 0; + color: black; + font-size: 1em; + table-layout: fixed; +} + +div.cell_output thead { + border-bottom: 1px solid black; + vertical-align: bottom; +} + +div.cell_output tr, +div.cell_output th, +div.cell_output td { + text-align: right; + vertical-align: middle; + padding: 0.5em 0.5em; + line-height: normal; + white-space: normal; + max-width: none; + border: none; +} + +div.cell_output th { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:nth-child(odd) { + background: #f5f5f5; +} + +div.cell_output tbody tr:hover { + background: rgba(66, 165, 245, 0.2); +} + +/** source code line numbers **/ +span.linenos { + opacity: 0.5; +} + +/* Inline text from `paste` operation */ + +span.pasted-text { + font-weight: bold; +} + +span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: 2em; +} + +tbody span.pasted-inline img { + max-height: none; +} + +/* Font colors for translated ANSI escape sequences +Color values are copied from Jupyter Notebook +https://github.com/jupyter/notebook/blob/52581f8eda9b319eb0390ac77fe5903c38f81e3e/notebook/static/notebook/less/ansicolors.less#L14-L21 +Background colors from +https://nbsphinx.readthedocs.io/en/latest/code-cells.html#ANSI-Colors +*/ +div.highlight .-Color-Bold { + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Black] { + color: #3E424D +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Red] { + color: #E75C58 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Green] { + color: #00A250 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Yellow] { + color: #DDB62B +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Blue] { + color: #208FFB +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Magenta] { + color: #D160C4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-Cyan] { + color: #60C6C8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-White] { + color: #C5C1B4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGBlack] { + background-color: #3E424D +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGRed] { + background-color: #E75C58 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGGreen] { + background-color: #00A250 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGYellow] { + background-color: #DDB62B +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGBlue] { + background-color: #208FFB +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGMagenta] { + background-color: #D160C4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGCyan] { + background-color: #60C6C8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGWhite] { + background-color: #C5C1B4 +} + +/* Font colors for 8-bit ANSI */ + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C0] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC0] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C1] { + color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC1] { + background-color: #800000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C2] { + color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC2] { + background-color: #008000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C3] { + color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC3] { + background-color: #808000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C4] { + color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC4] { + background-color: #000080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C5] { + color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC5] { + background-color: #800080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C6] { + color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC6] { + background-color: #008080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C7] { + color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC7] { + background-color: #C0C0C0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C8] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC8] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C9] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC9] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C10] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC10] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C11] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC11] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C12] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC12] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C13] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC13] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C14] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC14] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C15] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC15] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C16] { + color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC16] { + background-color: #000000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C17] { + color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC17] { + background-color: #00005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C18] { + color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC18] { + background-color: #000087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C19] { + color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC19] { + background-color: #0000AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C20] { + color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC20] { + background-color: #0000D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C21] { + color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC21] { + background-color: #0000FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C22] { + color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC22] { + background-color: #005F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C23] { + color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC23] { + background-color: #005F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C24] { + color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC24] { + background-color: #005F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C25] { + color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC25] { + background-color: #005FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C26] { + color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC26] { + background-color: #005FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C27] { + color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC27] { + background-color: #005FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C28] { + color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC28] { + background-color: #008700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C29] { + color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC29] { + background-color: #00875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C30] { + color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC30] { + background-color: #008787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C31] { + color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC31] { + background-color: #0087AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C32] { + color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC32] { + background-color: #0087D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C33] { + color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC33] { + background-color: #0087FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C34] { + color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC34] { + background-color: #00AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C35] { + color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC35] { + background-color: #00AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C36] { + color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC36] { + background-color: #00AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C37] { + color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC37] { + background-color: #00AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C38] { + color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC38] { + background-color: #00AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C39] { + color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC39] { + background-color: #00AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C40] { + color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC40] { + background-color: #00D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C41] { + color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC41] { + background-color: #00D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C42] { + color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC42] { + background-color: #00D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C43] { + color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC43] { + background-color: #00D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C44] { + color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC44] { + background-color: #00D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C45] { + color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC45] { + background-color: #00D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C46] { + color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC46] { + background-color: #00FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C47] { + color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC47] { + background-color: #00FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C48] { + color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC48] { + background-color: #00FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C49] { + color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC49] { + background-color: #00FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C50] { + color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC50] { + background-color: #00FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C51] { + color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC51] { + background-color: #00FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C52] { + color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC52] { + background-color: #5F0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C53] { + color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC53] { + background-color: #5F005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C54] { + color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC54] { + background-color: #5F0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C55] { + color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC55] { + background-color: #5F00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C56] { + color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC56] { + background-color: #5F00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C57] { + color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC57] { + background-color: #5F00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C58] { + color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC58] { + background-color: #5F5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C59] { + color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC59] { + background-color: #5F5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C60] { + color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC60] { + background-color: #5F5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C61] { + color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC61] { + background-color: #5F5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C62] { + color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC62] { + background-color: #5F5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C63] { + color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC63] { + background-color: #5F5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C64] { + color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC64] { + background-color: #5F8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C65] { + color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC65] { + background-color: #5F875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C66] { + color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC66] { + background-color: #5F8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C67] { + color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC67] { + background-color: #5F87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C68] { + color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC68] { + background-color: #5F87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C69] { + color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC69] { + background-color: #5F87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C70] { + color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC70] { + background-color: #5FAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C71] { + color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC71] { + background-color: #5FAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C72] { + color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC72] { + background-color: #5FAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C73] { + color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC73] { + background-color: #5FAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C74] { + color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC74] { + background-color: #5FAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C75] { + color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC75] { + background-color: #5FAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C76] { + color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC76] { + background-color: #5FD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C77] { + color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC77] { + background-color: #5FD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C78] { + color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC78] { + background-color: #5FD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C79] { + color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC79] { + background-color: #5FD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C80] { + color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC80] { + background-color: #5FD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C81] { + color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC81] { + background-color: #5FD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C82] { + color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC82] { + background-color: #5FFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C83] { + color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC83] { + background-color: #5FFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C84] { + color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC84] { + background-color: #5FFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C85] { + color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC85] { + background-color: #5FFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C86] { + color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC86] { + background-color: #5FFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C87] { + color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC87] { + background-color: #5FFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C88] { + color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC88] { + background-color: #870000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C89] { + color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC89] { + background-color: #87005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C90] { + color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC90] { + background-color: #870087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C91] { + color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC91] { + background-color: #8700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C92] { + color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC92] { + background-color: #8700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C93] { + color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC93] { + background-color: #8700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C94] { + color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC94] { + background-color: #875F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C95] { + color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC95] { + background-color: #875F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C96] { + color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC96] { + background-color: #875F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C97] { + color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC97] { + background-color: #875FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C98] { + color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC98] { + background-color: #875FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C99] { + color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC99] { + background-color: #875FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C100] { + color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC100] { + background-color: #878700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C101] { + color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC101] { + background-color: #87875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C102] { + color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC102] { + background-color: #878787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C103] { + color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC103] { + background-color: #8787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C104] { + color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC104] { + background-color: #8787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C105] { + color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC105] { + background-color: #8787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C106] { + color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC106] { + background-color: #87AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C107] { + color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC107] { + background-color: #87AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C108] { + color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC108] { + background-color: #87AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C109] { + color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC109] { + background-color: #87AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C110] { + color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC110] { + background-color: #87AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C111] { + color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC111] { + background-color: #87AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C112] { + color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC112] { + background-color: #87D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C113] { + color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC113] { + background-color: #87D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C114] { + color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC114] { + background-color: #87D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C115] { + color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC115] { + background-color: #87D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C116] { + color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC116] { + background-color: #87D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C117] { + color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC117] { + background-color: #87D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C118] { + color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC118] { + background-color: #87FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C119] { + color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC119] { + background-color: #87FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C120] { + color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC120] { + background-color: #87FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C121] { + color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC121] { + background-color: #87FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C122] { + color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC122] { + background-color: #87FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C123] { + color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC123] { + background-color: #87FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C124] { + color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC124] { + background-color: #AF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C125] { + color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC125] { + background-color: #AF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C126] { + color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC126] { + background-color: #AF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C127] { + color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC127] { + background-color: #AF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C128] { + color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC128] { + background-color: #AF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C129] { + color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC129] { + background-color: #AF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C130] { + color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC130] { + background-color: #AF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C131] { + color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC131] { + background-color: #AF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C132] { + color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC132] { + background-color: #AF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C133] { + color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC133] { + background-color: #AF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C134] { + color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC134] { + background-color: #AF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C135] { + color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC135] { + background-color: #AF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C136] { + color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC136] { + background-color: #AF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C137] { + color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC137] { + background-color: #AF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C138] { + color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC138] { + background-color: #AF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C139] { + color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC139] { + background-color: #AF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C140] { + color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC140] { + background-color: #AF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C141] { + color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC141] { + background-color: #AF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C142] { + color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC142] { + background-color: #AFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C143] { + color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC143] { + background-color: #AFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C144] { + color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC144] { + background-color: #AFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C145] { + color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC145] { + background-color: #AFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C146] { + color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC146] { + background-color: #AFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C147] { + color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC147] { + background-color: #AFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C148] { + color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC148] { + background-color: #AFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C149] { + color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC149] { + background-color: #AFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C150] { + color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC150] { + background-color: #AFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C151] { + color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC151] { + background-color: #AFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C152] { + color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC152] { + background-color: #AFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C153] { + color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC153] { + background-color: #AFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C154] { + color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC154] { + background-color: #AFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C155] { + color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC155] { + background-color: #AFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C156] { + color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC156] { + background-color: #AFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C157] { + color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC157] { + background-color: #AFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C158] { + color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC158] { + background-color: #AFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C159] { + color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC159] { + background-color: #AFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C160] { + color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC160] { + background-color: #D70000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C161] { + color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC161] { + background-color: #D7005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C162] { + color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC162] { + background-color: #D70087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C163] { + color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC163] { + background-color: #D700AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C164] { + color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC164] { + background-color: #D700D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C165] { + color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC165] { + background-color: #D700FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C166] { + color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC166] { + background-color: #D75F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C167] { + color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC167] { + background-color: #D75F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C168] { + color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC168] { + background-color: #D75F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C169] { + color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC169] { + background-color: #D75FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C170] { + color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC170] { + background-color: #D75FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C171] { + color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC171] { + background-color: #D75FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C172] { + color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC172] { + background-color: #D78700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C173] { + color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC173] { + background-color: #D7875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C174] { + color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC174] { + background-color: #D78787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C175] { + color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC175] { + background-color: #D787AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C176] { + color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC176] { + background-color: #D787D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C177] { + color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC177] { + background-color: #D787FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C178] { + color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC178] { + background-color: #D7AF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C179] { + color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC179] { + background-color: #D7AF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C180] { + color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC180] { + background-color: #D7AF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C181] { + color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC181] { + background-color: #D7AFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C182] { + color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC182] { + background-color: #D7AFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C183] { + color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC183] { + background-color: #D7AFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C184] { + color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC184] { + background-color: #D7D700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C185] { + color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC185] { + background-color: #D7D75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C186] { + color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC186] { + background-color: #D7D787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C187] { + color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC187] { + background-color: #D7D7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C188] { + color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC188] { + background-color: #D7D7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C189] { + color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC189] { + background-color: #D7D7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C190] { + color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC190] { + background-color: #D7FF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C191] { + color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC191] { + background-color: #D7FF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C192] { + color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC192] { + background-color: #D7FF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C193] { + color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC193] { + background-color: #D7FFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C194] { + color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC194] { + background-color: #D7FFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C195] { + color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC195] { + background-color: #D7FFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C196] { + color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC196] { + background-color: #FF0000 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C197] { + color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC197] { + background-color: #FF005F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C198] { + color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC198] { + background-color: #FF0087 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C199] { + color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC199] { + background-color: #FF00AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C200] { + color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC200] { + background-color: #FF00D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C201] { + color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC201] { + background-color: #FF00FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C202] { + color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC202] { + background-color: #FF5F00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C203] { + color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC203] { + background-color: #FF5F5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C204] { + color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC204] { + background-color: #FF5F87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C205] { + color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC205] { + background-color: #FF5FAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C206] { + color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC206] { + background-color: #FF5FD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C207] { + color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC207] { + background-color: #FF5FFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C208] { + color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC208] { + background-color: #FF8700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C209] { + color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC209] { + background-color: #FF875F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C210] { + color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC210] { + background-color: #FF8787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C211] { + color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC211] { + background-color: #FF87AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C212] { + color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC212] { + background-color: #FF87D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C213] { + color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC213] { + background-color: #FF87FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C214] { + color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC214] { + background-color: #FFAF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C215] { + color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC215] { + background-color: #FFAF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C216] { + color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC216] { + background-color: #FFAF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C217] { + color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC217] { + background-color: #FFAFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C218] { + color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC218] { + background-color: #FFAFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C219] { + color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC219] { + background-color: #FFAFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C220] { + color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC220] { + background-color: #FFD700 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C221] { + color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC221] { + background-color: #FFD75F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C222] { + color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC222] { + background-color: #FFD787 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C223] { + color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC223] { + background-color: #FFD7AF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C224] { + color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC224] { + background-color: #FFD7D7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C225] { + color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC225] { + background-color: #FFD7FF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C226] { + color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC226] { + background-color: #FFFF00 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C227] { + color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC227] { + background-color: #FFFF5F +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C228] { + color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC228] { + background-color: #FFFF87 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C229] { + color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC229] { + background-color: #FFFFAF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C230] { + color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC230] { + background-color: #FFFFD7 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C231] { + color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC231] { + background-color: #FFFFFF +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C232] { + color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC232] { + background-color: #080808 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C233] { + color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC233] { + background-color: #121212 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C234] { + color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC234] { + background-color: #1C1C1C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C235] { + color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC235] { + background-color: #262626 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C236] { + color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC236] { + background-color: #303030 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C237] { + color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC237] { + background-color: #3A3A3A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C238] { + color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC238] { + background-color: #444444 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C239] { + color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC239] { + background-color: #4E4E4E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C240] { + color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC240] { + background-color: #585858 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C241] { + color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC241] { + background-color: #626262 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C242] { + color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC242] { + background-color: #6C6C6C +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C243] { + color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC243] { + background-color: #767676 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C244] { + color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC244] { + background-color: #808080 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C245] { + color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC245] { + background-color: #8A8A8A +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C246] { + color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC246] { + background-color: #949494 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C247] { + color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC247] { + background-color: #9E9E9E +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C248] { + color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC248] { + background-color: #A8A8A8 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C249] { + color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC249] { + background-color: #B2B2B2 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C250] { + color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC250] { + background-color: #BCBCBC +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C251] { + color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC251] { + background-color: #C6C6C6 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C252] { + color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC252] { + background-color: #D0D0D0 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C253] { + color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC253] { + background-color: #DADADA +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-C254] { + color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight .-Color[class*=-BGC254] { + background-color: #E4E4E4 +} + +div.highlight 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(typeof Scorer === "undefined") { + var Scorer = { + // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result + // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + // and returns the new score. + /* + score: result => { + const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result + return score + }, + */ + + // query matches the full name of an object + objNameMatch: 11, + // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name + objPartialMatch: 6, + // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object + objPrio: { + 0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults + }, + // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. + objPrioDefault: 0, + + // query found in title + title: 15, + partialTitle: 7, + // query found in terms + term: 5, + partialTerm: 2, + }; +} + +const _removeChildren = (element) => { + while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild); +}; + +/** + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping + */ +const _escapeRegExp = (string) => + string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string + +const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => { + const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER; + const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; + const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; + const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY; + const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root; + + const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item; + + let listItem = document.createElement("li"); + let requestUrl; + let linkUrl; + if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") { + // dirhtml builder + let dirname = docName + "/"; + if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) + dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6); + else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = ""; + requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname; + linkUrl = requestUrl; + } else { + // normal html builders + requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix; + linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix; + } + let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a")); + linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor; + linkEl.dataset.score = score; + linkEl.innerHTML = title; + if (descr) { + listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML = + " (" + descr + ")"; + // highlight search terms in the description + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + } + else if (showSearchSummary) + fetch(requestUrl) + .then((responseData) => responseData.text()) + .then((data) => { + if (data) + listItem.appendChild( + Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms) + ); + // highlight search terms in the summary + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + }); + Search.output.appendChild(listItem); +}; +const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => { + Search.stopPulse(); + Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results"); + if (!resultCount) + Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext( + "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories." + ); + else + Search.status.innerText = _( + `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.` + ); +}; +const _displayNextItem = ( + results, + resultCount, + searchTerms, + highlightTerms, +) => { + // results left, load the summary and display it + // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount) + if (results.length) { + _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms); + setTimeout( + () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms), + 5 + ); + } + // search finished, update title and status message + else _finishSearch(resultCount); +}; + +/** + * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a + * custom function per language. + * + * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters + * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters. + * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area. + */ +if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") { + var splitQuery = (query) => query + .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu) + .filter(term => term) // remove remaining empty strings +} + +/** + * Search Module + */ +const Search = { + _index: null, + _queued_query: null, + _pulse_status: -1, + + htmlToText: (htmlString) => { + const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html'); + htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink").forEach((el) => { el.remove() }); + const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]'); + if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent; + console.warn( + "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template." + ); + return ""; + }, + + init: () => { + const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q"); + document + .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]') + .forEach((el) => (el.value = query)); + if (query) Search.performSearch(query); + }, + + loadIndex: (url) => + (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url), + + setIndex: (index) => { + Search._index = index; + if (Search._queued_query !== null) { + const query = Search._queued_query; + Search._queued_query = null; + Search.query(query); + } + }, + + hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null, + + deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query), + + stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1), + + startPulse: () => { + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return; + + const pulse = () => { + Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; + Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status); + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + }; + pulse(); + }, + + /** + * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) + */ + performSearch: (query) => { + // create the required interface elements + const searchText = document.createElement("h2"); + searchText.textContent = _("Searching"); + const searchSummary = document.createElement("p"); + searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary"); + searchSummary.innerText = ""; + const searchList = document.createElement("ul"); + searchList.classList.add("search"); + + const out = document.getElementById("search-results"); + Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText); + Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span")); + Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary); + Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList); + + const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress"); + // Some themes don't use the search progress node + if (searchProgress) { + searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search..."); + } + Search.startPulse(); + + // index already loaded, the browser was quick! + if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query); + else Search.deferQuery(query); + }, + + /** + * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) + */ + query: (query) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles; + const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries; + + // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list + const stemmer = new Stemmer(); + const searchTerms = new Set(); + const excludedTerms = new Set(); + const highlightTerms = new Set(); + const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim())); + splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => { + const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase(); + + // maybe skip this "word" + // stopwords array is from language_data.js + if ( + stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 || + queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/) + ) + return; + + // stem the word + let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower); + // select the correct list + if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1)); + else { + searchTerms.add(word); + highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower); + } + }); + + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) { // set in sphinx_highlight.js + localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" ")) + } + + // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:"); + // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]); + // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]); + + // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + let results = []; + _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress")); + + const queryLower = query.toLowerCase(); + for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) { + if (title.toLowerCase().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title, + id !== null ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // search for explicit entries in index directives + for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) { + if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundEntries) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + id ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // lookup as object + objectTerms.forEach((term) => + results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms)) + ); + + // lookup as search terms in fulltext + results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms)); + + // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function + if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item))); + + // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the + // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then + // alphabetically + results.sort((a, b) => { + const leftScore = a[4]; + const rightScore = b[4]; + if (leftScore === rightScore) { + // same score: sort alphabetically + const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase(); + const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase(); + if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0; + return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional + } + return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1; + }); + + // remove duplicate search results + // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept + let seen = new Set(); + results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => { + let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(','); + if (!seen.has(resultStr)) { + acc.push(result); + seen.add(resultStr); + } + return acc; + }, []); + + results = results.reverse(); + + // for debugging + //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy + // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults); + + // print the results + _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms); + }, + + /** + * search for object names + */ + performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const objects = Search._index.objects; + const objNames = Search._index.objnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const results = []; + + const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => { + const name = match[4] + const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name; + const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase(); + if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return; + + let score = 0; + const parts = fullnameLower.split("."); + + // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or + // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) + if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object) + score += Scorer.objNameMatch; + else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1) + score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name + + const objName = objNames[match[1]][2]; + const title = titles[match[0]]; + + // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be + // found in the name/title/description + const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms); + otherTerms.delete(object); + if (otherTerms.size > 0) { + const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase(); + if ( + [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0) + ) + return; + } + + let anchor = match[3]; + if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname; + else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname; + + const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title; + + // add custom score for some objects according to scorer + if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) + score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; + else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; + + results.push([ + docNames[match[0]], + fullname, + "#" + anchor, + descr, + score, + filenames[match[0]], + ]); + }; + Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) => + objects[prefix].forEach((array) => + objectSearchCallback(prefix, array) + ) + ); + return results; + }, + + /** + * search for full-text terms in the index + */ + performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => { + // prepare search + const terms = Search._index.terms; + const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms; + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const scoreMap = new Map(); + const fileMap = new Map(); + + // perform the search on the required terms + searchTerms.forEach((word) => { + const files = []; + const arr = [ + { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term }, + { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title }, + ]; + // add support for partial matches + if (word.length > 2) { + const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word); + Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word]) + arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm }); + }); + Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word]) + arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle }); + }); + } + + // no match but word was a required one + if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return; + + // found search word in contents + arr.forEach((record) => { + if (record.files === undefined) return; + + let recordFiles = record.files; + if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles]; + files.push(...recordFiles); + + // set score for the word in each file + recordFiles.forEach((file) => { + if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {}); + scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score; + }); + }); + + // create the mapping + files.forEach((file) => { + if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) + fileMap.get(file).push(word); + else fileMap.set(file, [word]); + }); + }); + + // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms + const results = []; + for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) { + // check if all requirements are matched + + // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded + const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter( + (term) => term.length > 2 + ).length; + if ( + wordList.length !== searchTerms.size && + wordList.length !== filteredTermCount + ) + continue; + + // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result + if ( + [...excludedTerms].some( + (term) => + terms[term] === file || + titleTerms[term] === file || + (terms[term] || []).includes(file) || + (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file) + ) + ) + break; + + // select one (max) score for the file. + const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w])); + // add result to the result list + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + return results; + }, + + /** + * helper function to return a node containing the + * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list + * of stemmed words. + */ + makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords) => { + const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); + if (text === "") return null; + + const textLower = text.toLowerCase(); + const actualStartPosition = [...keywords] + .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase())) + .filter((i) => i > -1) + .slice(-1)[0]; + const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0); + + const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "..."; + const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : ""; + + let summary = document.createElement("p"); + summary.classList.add("context"); + summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail; + + return summary; + }, +}; + +_ready(Search.init); diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a96c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_highlight.js @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */ +"use strict"; + +const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true + +/** + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; + + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } + + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( + rest, + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this + * function recursively on the remaining fragment. + */ + _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); + } + } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); + } +}; +const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const SphinxHighlight = { + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords: () => { + if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return; // bail if no highlight + + // get and clear terms from localstorage + const url = new URL(window.location); + const highlight = + localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + || url.searchParams.get("highlight") + || ""; + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); + + // get individual terms from highlight string + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do + + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '" + ) + ); + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + }, + + initEscapeListener: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) { + SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +_ready(() => { + /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page. + * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query. + */ + if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords(); + SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener(); +}); diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..14b20c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_lesson.css @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +/* sphinx_lesson.css */ + +body.wy-body-for-nav img.with-border { + border: 2px solid; +} + +.rst-content .admonition-no-content { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} + +.rst-content .demo > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F440"; /* Eyes */ } +.rst-content .type-along > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02328\0FE0F"; /* Keyboard */ } +.rst-content .exercise > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\0270D\0FE0F"; /* Hand */ } +.rst-content .solution > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02714\0FE0E"; /* Check mark */ } +.rst-content .homework > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4DD"; /* Memo */ } +.rst-content .discussion > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\01F4AC"; /* Speech balloon */ } +.rst-content .questions > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02753\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } +.rst-content .prerequisites > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\02699"; /* Gear */ } +.rst-content .seealso > .admonition-title::before { + content: "\027A1\0FE0E"; /* Question mark */ } + + +/* instructor-note */ +.rst-content .instructor-note { + background: #e7e7e7; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title { + background: #6a6a6a; +} +.rst-content .instructor-note > .admonition-title::before { + content: ""; +} + + +/* sphinx_toggle_button, make the font white */ +.rst-content .toggle.admonition button.toggle-button { + color: white; +} + +/* sphinx-togglebutton, remove underflow when toggled to hidden mode */ +.rst-content .admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0px; +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e68feb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/sphinx_rtd_theme_ext_color_contrast.css @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +/* The following are for web accessibility of sphinx_rtd_theme: they + * solve some of the most frequent contrast issues. Remove when this + * solved: + * https://github.com/readthedocs/sphinx_rtd_theme/issues/971 + */ +/* background: #fcfcfc, note boxes #E7F2FA */ +a { color: #2573A7; } /* original #2980B9, #1F5C84; */ +body { color: #242424; } /* original #404040, #383838 */ +.wy-side-nav-search>a, .wy-side-nav-search .wy-dropdown>a { + color: #ffffff; +} /* original #fcfcfc */ +footer { color: #737373; } /* original gray=#808080*/ +footer span.commit code, footer span.commit .rst-content tt, .rst-content footer span.commit tt { + color: #737373; +} /* original gray=#808080*/ +.rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content tt.literal, .rst-content code.literal { + color: #AB2314; +} +/* Sidebar background */ +.wy-side-nav-search { background-color: #277CB4;} + +/* Same, but for pygments */ +.highlight .ch { color: #3E7A89; } /* #! line */ +.highlight .c1 { color: #3E7A89; } /* also comments */ +.highlight .nv { color: #AD3ECC; } /* variable */ +.highlight .gp { color: #B45608; } /* prompt character, $*/ +.highlight .si { color: #3975B1; } /* ${} variable text */ +.highlight .nc { color: #0C78A7; } + +/* Sphinx admonitions */ +/* warning */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-warning.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #B15E16; } +/* important */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-success .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-success .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .important .admonition-title, .rst-content .tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-success.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #12826C; } +/* seealso, note, etc */ +.wy-alert.wy-alert-info .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .wy-alert-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .rst-content .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-info .admonition-title, .rst-content .note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.error .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-info.admonition .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } +/* error, danger */ +.rst-content .danger .admonition-title, .rst-content .danger .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .error .admonition-title, .rst-content .error .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition-todo .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.admonition .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.attention .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.caution .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.hint .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.important .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.note .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.seealso .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.tip .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .admonition-title, .rst-content .wy-alert-danger.warning .wy-alert-title, .rst-content .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .rst-content .admonition-title, .wy-alert.wy-alert-danger .wy-alert-title { + background: #e31704; +} + +/* Generic admonition titles */ +.wy-alert-title, .rst-content .admonition-title { + background: #277CB4; } diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css b/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..957ba60 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/tabs.css @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +.sphinx-tabs { + margin-bottom: 1rem; +} + +[role="tablist"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid #a0b3bf; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab { + position: relative; + font-family: Lato,'Helvetica Neue',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + color: #1D5C87; + line-height: 24px; + margin: 0; + font-size: 16px; + font-weight: 400; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); + border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0; + border: 0; + padding: 1rem 1.5rem; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + font-weight: 700; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + border-bottom: 1px solid white; + margin: -1px; + background-color: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-tab:focus { + z-index: 1; + outline-offset: 1px; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel { + position: relative; + padding: 1rem; + border: 1px solid #a0b3bf; + margin: 0px -1px -1px -1px; + border-radius: 0 0 5px 5px; + border-top: 0; + background: white; +} + +.sphinx-tabs-panel.code-tab { + padding: 0.4rem; +} + +.sphinx-tab img { + margin-bottom: 24 px; +} + +/* Dark theme preference styling */ + +@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); + } + + body[data-theme="auto"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); + } +} + +/* Explicit dark theme styling */ + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-panel { + color: white; + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab { + color: white; + background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); +} + +body[data-theme="dark"] .sphinx-tabs-tab[aria-selected="true"] { + border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(50, 50, 50); + background-color: rgb(50, 50, 50); +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js b/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48dc303 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/tabs.js @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +try { + var session = window.sessionStorage || {}; +} catch (e) { + var session = {}; +} + +window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { + const allTabs = document.querySelectorAll('.sphinx-tabs-tab'); + const tabLists = document.querySelectorAll('[role="tablist"]'); + + allTabs.forEach(tab => { + tab.addEventListener("click", changeTabs); + }); + + tabLists.forEach(tabList => { + tabList.addEventListener("keydown", keyTabs); + }); + + // Restore group tab selection from session + const lastSelected = session.getItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected'); + if (lastSelected != null) selectNamedTabs(lastSelected); +}); + +/** + * Key focus left and right between sibling elements using arrows + * @param {Node} e the element in focus when key was pressed + */ +function keyTabs(e) { + const tab = e.target; + let nextTab = null; + if (e.keyCode === 39 || e.keyCode === 37) { + tab.setAttribute("tabindex", -1); + // Move right + if (e.keyCode === 39) { + nextTab = tab.nextElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.firstElementChild; + } + // Move left + } else if (e.keyCode === 37) { + nextTab = tab.previousElementSibling; + if (nextTab === null) { + nextTab = tab.parentNode.lastElementChild; + } + } + } + + if (nextTab !== null) { + nextTab.setAttribute("tabindex", 0); + nextTab.focus(); + } +} + +/** + * Select or deselect clicked tab. If a group tab + * is selected, also select tab in other tabLists. + * @param {Node} e the element that was clicked + */ +function changeTabs(e) { + // Use this instead of the element that was clicked, in case it's a child + const notSelected = this.getAttribute("aria-selected") === "false"; + const positionBefore = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const notClosable = !this.parentNode.classList.contains("closeable"); + + deselectTabList(this); + + if (notSelected || notClosable) { + selectTab(this); + const name = this.getAttribute("name"); + selectNamedTabs(name, this.id); + + if (this.classList.contains("group-tab")) { + // Persist during session + session.setItem('sphinx-tabs-last-selected', name); + } + } + + const positionAfter = this.parentNode.getBoundingClientRect().top; + const positionDelta = positionAfter - positionBefore; + // Scroll to offset content resizing + window.scrollTo(0, window.scrollY + positionDelta); +} + +/** + * Select tab and show associated panel. + * @param {Node} tab tab to select + */ +function selectTab(tab) { + tab.setAttribute("aria-selected", true); + + // Show the associated panel + document + .getElementById(tab.getAttribute("aria-controls")) + .removeAttribute("hidden"); +} + +/** + * Hide the panels associated with all tabs within the + * tablist containing this tab. + * @param {Node} tab a tab within the tablist to deselect + */ +function deselectTabList(tab) { + const parent = tab.parentNode; + const grandparent = parent.parentNode; + + Array.from(parent.children) + .forEach(t => t.setAttribute("aria-selected", false)); + + Array.from(grandparent.children) + .slice(1) // Skip tablist + .forEach(panel => panel.setAttribute("hidden", true)); +} + +/** + * Select grouped tabs with the same name, but no the tab + * with the given id. + * @param {Node} name name of grouped tab to be selected + * @param {Node} clickedId id of clicked tab + */ +function selectNamedTabs(name, clickedId=null) { + const groupedTabs = document.querySelectorAll(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + const tabLists = Array.from(groupedTabs).map(tab => tab.parentNode); + + tabLists + .forEach(tabList => { + // Don't want to change the tabList containing the clicked tab + const clickedTab = tabList.querySelector(`[id="${clickedId}"]`); + if (clickedTab === null ) { + // Select first tab with matching name + const tab = tabList.querySelector(`.sphinx-tabs-tab[name="${name}"]`); + deselectTabList(tab); + selectTab(tab); + } + }) +} + +if (typeof exports === 'undefined') { + exports = {}; +} + +exports.keyTabs = keyTabs; +exports.changeTabs = changeTabs; +exports.selectTab = selectTab; +exports.deselectTabList = deselectTabList; +exports.selectNamedTabs = selectNamedTabs; diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css b/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b66095 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/term_role_formatting.css @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +/* Make terms bold */ +a.reference span.std-term { + font-weight: bold; +} diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css b/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54a6787 --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +/** + * Admonition-based toggles + */ + +/* Visibility of the target */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title ~ * { + transition: opacity .3s, height .3s; +} + +/* Toggle buttons inside admonitions so we see the title */ +.admonition.toggle { + position: relative; +} + +/* Titles should cut off earlier to avoid overlapping w/ button */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title { + padding-right: 25%; + cursor: pointer; +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:hover { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 1%); +} + +/* Hovering will cause a slight shift in color to make it feel interactive */ +.admonition.toggle .admonition-title:active { + box-shadow: inset 0 0 0px 20px rgb(0 0 0 / 3%); +} + +/* Remove extra whitespace below the admonition title when hidden */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden { + padding-bottom: 0; +} + +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +/* hides all the content of a page until de-toggled */ +.admonition.toggle-hidden .admonition-title ~ * { + height: 0; + margin: 0; + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* General button style and position*/ +button.toggle-button { + /** + * Background and shape. By default there's no background + * but users can style as they wish + */ + background: none; + border: none; + outline: none; + + /* Positioning just inside the admonition title */ + position: absolute; + right: 0.5em; + padding: 0px; + border: none; + outline: none; +} + +/* Display the toggle hint on wide screens */ +@media (min-width: 768px) { + button.toggle-button.toggle-button-hidden:before { + content: attr(data-toggle-hint); /* This will be filled in by JS */ + font-size: .8em; + align-self: center; + } +} + +/* Icon behavior */ +.tb-icon { + transition: transform .2s ease-out; + height: 1.5em; + width: 1.5em; + stroke: currentColor; /* So that we inherit the color of other text */ +} + +/* The icon should point right when closed, down when open. */ +/* Open */ +.admonition.toggle button .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +/* Closed */ +.admonition.toggle button.toggle-button-hidden .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(0deg); +} + +/* With details toggles, we don't rotate the icon so it points right */ +details.toggle-details .tb-icon { + height: 1.4em; + width: 1.4em; + margin-top: 0.1em; /* To center the button vertically */ +} + + +/** + * Details-based toggles. + * In this case, we wrap elements with `.toggle` in a details block. + */ + +/* Details blocks */ +details.toggle-details { + margin: 1em 0; +} + + +details.toggle-details summary { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + cursor: pointer; + list-style: none; + border-radius: .2em; + border-left: 3px solid #1976d2; + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 10%); + padding: 0.2em 0.7em 0.3em 0.5em; /* Less padding on left because the SVG has left margin */ + font-size: 0.9em; +} + +details.toggle-details summary:hover { + background-color: rgb(204 204 204 / 20%); +} + +details.toggle-details summary:active { + background: rgb(204 204 204 / 28%); +} + +.toggle-details__summary-text { + margin-left: 0.2em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary { + margin-bottom: .5em; +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary .tb-icon { + transform: rotate(90deg); +} + +details.toggle-details[open] summary ~ * { + animation: toggle-fade-in .3s ease-out; +} + +@keyframes toggle-fade-in { + from {opacity: 0%;} + to {opacity: 100%;} +} + +/* Print rules - we hide all toggle button elements at print */ +@media print { + /* Always hide the summary so the button doesn't show up */ + details.toggle-details summary { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js b/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..215a7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/_static/togglebutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,187 @@ +/** + * Add Toggle Buttons to elements + */ + +let toggleChevron = ` + + + +`; + +var initToggleItems = () => { + var itemsToToggle = document.querySelectorAll(togglebuttonSelector); + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Adding toggle buttons to ${itemsToToggle.length} items`) + // Add the button to each admonition and hook up a callback to toggle visibility + itemsToToggle.forEach((item, index) => { + if (item.classList.contains("admonition")) { + // If it's an admonition block, then we'll add a button inside + // Generate unique IDs for this item + var toggleID = `toggle-${index}`; + var buttonID = `button-${toggleID}`; + + item.setAttribute('id', toggleID); + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle")){ + item.classList.add("toggle"); + } + // This is the button that will be added to each item to trigger the toggle + var collapseButton = ` + `; + + title = item.querySelector(".admonition-title") + title.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend", collapseButton); + thisButton = document.getElementById(buttonID); + + // Add click handlers for the button + admonition title (if admonition) + admonitionTitle = document.querySelector(`#${toggleID} > .admonition-title`) + if (admonitionTitle) { + // If an admonition, then make the whole title block clickable + admonitionTitle.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + admonitionTitle.dataset.target = toggleID + admonitionTitle.dataset.button = buttonID + } else { + // If not an admonition then we'll listen for the button click + thisButton.addEventListener('click', toggleClickHandler); + } + + // Now hide the item for this toggle button unless explicitly noted to show + if (!item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + toggleHidden(thisButton); + } + } else { + // If not an admonition, wrap the block in a
block + // Define the structure of the details block and insert it as a sibling + var detailsBlock = ` +
+ + ${toggleChevron} + ${toggleHintShow} + +
`; + item.insertAdjacentHTML("beforebegin", detailsBlock); + + // Now move the toggle-able content inside of the details block + details = item.previousElementSibling + details.appendChild(item) + item.classList.add("toggle-details__container") + + // Set up a click trigger to change the text as needed + details.addEventListener('click', (click) => { + let parent = click.target.parentElement; + if (parent.tagName.toLowerCase() == "details") { + summary = parent.querySelector("summary"); + details = parent; + } else { + summary = parent; + details = parent.parentElement; + } + // Update the inner text for the proper hint + if (details.open) { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintShow; + } else { + summary.querySelector("span.toggle-details__summary-text").innerText = toggleHintHide; + } + + }); + + // If we have a toggle-shown class, open details block should be open + if (item.classList.contains("toggle-shown")) { + details.click(); + } + } + }) +}; + +// This should simply add / remove the collapsed class and change the button text +var toggleHidden = (button) => { + target = button.dataset['target'] + var itemToToggle = document.getElementById(target); + if (itemToToggle.classList.contains("toggle-hidden")) { + itemToToggle.classList.remove("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.remove("toggle-button-hidden"); + } else { + itemToToggle.classList.add("toggle-hidden"); + button.classList.add("toggle-button-hidden"); + } +} + +var toggleClickHandler = (click) => { + // Be cause the admonition title is clickable and extends to the whole admonition + // We only look for a click event on this title to trigger the toggle. + + if (click.target.classList.contains("admonition-title")) { + button = click.target.querySelector(".toggle-button"); + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("tb-icon")) { + // We've clicked the icon and need to search up one parent for the button + button = click.target.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.tagName == "polyline") { + // We've clicked the SVG elements inside the button, need to up 2 layers + button = click.target.parentElement.parentElement; + } else if (click.target.classList.contains("toggle-button")) { + // We've clicked the button itself and so don't need to do anything + button = click.target; + } else { + console.log(`[togglebutton]: Couldn't find button for ${click.target}`) + } + target = document.getElementById(button.dataset['button']); + toggleHidden(target); +} + +// If we want to blanket-add toggle classes to certain cells +var addToggleToSelector = () => { + const selector = ""; + if (selector.length > 0) { + document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((item) => { + item.classList.add("toggle"); + }) + } +} + +// Helper function to run when the DOM is finished +const sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(addToggleToSelector) +sphinxToggleRunWhenDOMLoaded(initToggleItems) + +/** Toggle details blocks to be open when printing */ +if (toggleOpenOnPrint == "true") { + window.addEventListener("beforeprint", () => { + // Open the details + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.dataset["togglestatus"] = el.open; + el.open = true; + }); + + // Open the admonitions + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle.toggle-hidden").forEach((el) => { + console.log(el); + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] = "true"; + }); + }); + window.addEventListener("afterprint", () => { + // Re-close the details that were closed + document.querySelectorAll("details.toggle-details").forEach((el) => { + el.open = el.dataset["togglestatus"] == "true"; + delete el.dataset["togglestatus"]; + }); + + // Re-close the admonition toggle buttons + document.querySelectorAll(".admonition.toggle").forEach((el) => { + if (el.dataset["toggle_after_print"] == "true") { + el.querySelector("button.toggle-button").click(); + delete el.dataset["toggle_after_print"]; + } + }); + }); +} diff --git a/singlehtml/index.html b/singlehtml/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fea81bf --- /dev/null +++ b/singlehtml/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,3561 @@ + + + + + + + Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Automated testing - Preventing yourself and others from breaking your functioning code

+

Have you ever had some of these problems?:

+
    +
  • You change B and C, and suddenly A doesn’t work anymore. Time +wasted trying to figure out what changed.

  • +
  • There was some simple problem, systematically testing could have +found it.

  • +
  • You get someone else’s code and are afraid to touch it because who +knows what might break. Plot twist: it’s your own code!

  • +
+

People have learned that some automatic way to check problems makes +software development much easier. This lesson will talk about the +places it’s useful for research code, and how easy it can be. +We will discuss why testing often needs to be part of the +software development cycle and how such a cycle can be implemented. We will +see how automated testing works and practice designing and writing tests.

+
+

Prerequisites

+
    +
  1. You need pytest (as part of Anaconda or Miniconda or Virtual Environment).

  2. +
  3. (Optional) To work on exercises in other languages than Python, +please follow the instructions under “Language-specific +instructions” in the Test design episode +to install the recommended testing frameworks.

  4. +
  5. Basic understanding of Git.

  6. +
  7. You need a GitHub or a Gitlab account for the “automated testing” and +“full-cycle collaborative workflow” (but the rest works fine +just locally).

  8. +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

15 min

Motivation

25 min

Testing locally

30 min

Automated testing

30 min

Test design

5 min

Conclusions and recommendations

+
+
+

Motivation

+
+

Objectives

+
    +
  • Appreciate the importance of testing software

  • +
  • Understand various benefits of testing

  • +
+
+
+

Untested software can be compared to uncalibrated detectors

+

“Before relying on a new experimental device, an experimental scientist always +establishes its accuracy. A new detector is calibrated when the scientist +observes its responses to known input signals. The results of this +calibration are compared against the expected response.”

+
+
+

With testing, simulations and analysis using software can be held to the same standards as experimental measurement devices!

+

What can go wrong when research software has bugs? Look no further:

+ +
+
+
+

Testing in a nutshell

+

In software tests, expected results are compared with observed results +in order to establish accuracy. Why are we not comparing directly all +digits with the expected result?:

+
+
def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f):
+    """Converts temperature in Fahrenheit
+    to Celsius.
+    """
+    temp_c = (temp_f - 32.0) * (5.0/9.0)
+    return temp_c
+
+# This is the test function: `assert` raises an error if something
+# is wrong.
+def test_fahrenheit_to_celsius():
+    temp_c = fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp_f=100.0)
+    expected_result = 37.777777
+    assert abs(temp_c - expected_result) < 1.0e-6
+    
+
+
+
+

Or you can test whole programs:

+
$ python3 run-test.py
+
+running: sample_data/set1.csv --output=tests/set1.txt
+CORRECT
+
+
+
+
+
+

What can tests help you do?

+

Preserving expected functionality

+
    +
  • Check old things when you add new ones

  • +
+

Help users of your code

+
    +
  • Verify it’s installed correctly and works.

  • +
  • See examples of what it should do.

  • +
+

Help other developers modify it

+
    +
  • Change things with confidence that nothing is breaking.

  • +
  • Warning if documentation/examples go out of date.

  • +
+

Manage complexity

+
    +
  • If code is easy to test, it’s probably easier to maintain.

  • +
  • The next lesson Modular code development +demonstrates this.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests?

+
+

Discussion: When is it OK not to add tests?

+

Vote in the notes and we’ll discuss soon. It is always a balance: there is no “always”/”never”.

+
    +
  1. Jupyter or R Markdown notebook which produces a plot and you know by +looking at the plot whether it worked?

  2. +
  3. A short, “obviously correct” Python or R script which you never intend to reuse?

  4. +
  5. A simple short, “obviously correct” shell script?

  6. +
  7. Can you give other examples?

  8. +
+
+
+
+
+

Discussion: What’s easy and hard to test?

+
+

Discussion: Testing in practice

+

Use the collaborative notes to answer these questions:

+
    +
  1. Give examples of things (from your work) that are easy to test.

  2. +
  3. Give examples of things (from your work) that are hard to test.

  4. +
+
+
+
+
+

Types of tests

+
    +
  • Test functions one at a time - Unit tests

  • +
  • Test how parts work together - Integration tests

  • +
  • Test the whole thing running - End-to-end tests

    +
      +
    • For example, running on sample data.

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Check same results as before - Regression tests

  • +
  • Write test first (the output), then write code to make test pass - +Test-driven development

  • +
  • GitHub or GitLab runs tests automatically - Continuous +integration

  • +
  • Report that tells you which lines were/were not run by tests - +Code coverage

  • +
  • Framework that runs test for you - Testing framework

    + +
  • +
+
+
+
+

What should you do?

+
    +
  • Not every code needs perfect test coverage.

  • +
  • If code is interactive-only (Jupyter Notebook), it’s usually hard to +test.

    +
      +
    • But also hard to run: the next lesson will discuss!

    • +
    +
  • +
  • At least end-to-end is often easy to add.

  • +
  • Add tests of tricky functions.

    +
      +
    • If you’d have to run it over and over to test while writing, why +not make it a property test?

    • +
    +
  • +
  • It’s easy to have Gitlab/Github run the tests.

    +
      +
    • It’s nice to push without thinking, and the system tells you when +it’s broke.

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Learning how to test well make the rest of your code better, too.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Where to start

+
    +
  • A simple script or notebook probably does not need an automated test.

  • +
+

If you have nothing yet

+
    +
  • Start with an end-to-end test.

  • +
  • Describe in words how you check whether the code still works.

  • +
  • Translate the words into a script.

  • +
  • Run the script automatically on every code change.

  • +
+

If you want to start with unit-testing

+
    +
  • You want to rewrite a function? Start adding a unit test right there first.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Testing locally

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How hard is it to implement a test suite using pytest?

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise pytest

+

In this exercise we will make a simple Python function and use +pytest to test it.

+
    +
  • This is easy to use by almost any Python project and doesn’t rely on any +other servers or services. Similar things exist in other languages.

  • +
  • The downside is that you have to remember to run it yourself.

  • +
+

We will try to +keep things simple so that those who do not use Python can follow.

+
+

Local-1: Create a minimal Pytest example (15 min)

+

In this exercise, we will create a minimal example using +the pytest, run the test, and show what +happens when a test breaks.

+
    +
  1. Create a new directory and change into it:

    +
    $ mkdir pytest-example
    +$ cd pytest-example
    +
    +
    +
  2. +
  3. Then create a file called example.py and copy-paste the following code into it:

    +
    def add(a, b):
    +    return a + b
    +
    +
    +def test_add():
    +    assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
    +
    +
    +

    This code contains one genuine function and a test function. +pytest finds any functions beginning with test_ and treats them +as tests.

    +
  4. +
  5. Let us try to test it with pytest:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add PASSED
    +
    +========================================================= 1 passed in 0.01 seconds ===============================
    +
    +
    +

    Yay! The test passed!

    +

    Hint for participants trying this inside Spyder or IPython: try !pytest -v example.py.

    +
  6. +
  7. Let us break the test! +Introduce a code change which breaks the code and check +whether pytest detects the change:

    +
    $ pytest -v example.py
    +
    +============================================================ test session starts =================================
    +platform linux -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.3.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.9.0 -- /home/user/pytest-example/venv/bin/python3
    +cachedir: .pytest_cache
    +rootdir: /home/user/pytest-example, inifile:
    +collected 1 item
    +
    +example.py::test_add FAILED
    +
    +================================================================= FAILURES =======================================
    +_________________________________________________________________ test_add _______________________________________
    +
    +    def test_add():
    +>       assert add(2, 3) == 5
    +E       assert -1 == 5
    +E         --1
    +E         +5
    +
    +example.py:6: AssertionError
    +========================================================= 1 failed in 0.05 seconds ==============
    +
    +
    +

    Notice how pytest is smart and includes context: lines that failed, +values of the relevant variables.

    +
  8. +
+
+
+

(optional) Local-2: Create a test that considers numerical tolerance (10 min)

+

Let’s see an example where the test has to be more clever in order to +avoid false negative.

+

In the above exercise we have compared integers. In this optional exercise we +want to learn how to compare floating point numbers since they are more tricky +(see also “What Every Programmer Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic”).

+

The following test will fail and this might be surprising. Try it out:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(0.1, 0.2) == 0.3
+
+
+

Your goal: find a more robust way to test this addition.

+
+ +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • pytest collects and runs all test functions starting with +test_. If run on a directory, it collects all files matching test_*.py

  • +
  • Python and C/C++ have better tooling for automated tests than Fortran and you can use those also for Fortran projects (via iso_c_binding).

  • +
+
+
+
+
+

Automated testing

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository?

  • +
  • Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages?

  • +
+
+
+

Continuous integration

+

We will now learn to set up automatic tests using either GitHub Actions or +GitLab CI - you can choose which one to use and instructions are provided for both.

+

This exercise can be run in “collaborative mode” by following instead the instructions +in Full-cycle collaborative workflow. In the collaborative version steps +C-D below are performed by a collaborator.

+
+

Exercise CI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab

+

In this exercise, we will:

+
    +
  • A. Create and add code to a repository on GitHub/GitLab (or, alternatively, fork and clone an existing example repository)

  • +
  • B. Set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI

  • +
  • C. Find a bug in our repository and open an issue to report it

  • +
  • D. Fix the bug on a bugfix branch and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

  • +
  • E. Merge the pull/merge request and see how the issue is automatically closed.

  • +
  • F. Create a test to increase the code coverage of our tests.

  • +
+
+
+

Prerequisites

+

If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +this git-refresher material. +If you are new to pull requests / merge requests, you can learn all about them +in the Collaborative Git lesson.

+
+
+

Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab OR fork from the example repo

+
+
Create a new repository
+
    +
  • Begin by creating a repository called (for example) example-ci.

  • +
  • Before you create the repository, select “Initialize this repository +with a README” (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo).

  • +
  • Clone the repository (git clone git@github.com:<yourGitID>/example-ci.git).

  • +
  • Add the following files and code

  • +
+
+

Add a file functions.py containing:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a + b  # <--- fix this in step 7
+
+def multiply(a, b):
+    return a * b
+
+def convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius(fahrenheit):
+    return multiply(subtract(fahrenheit, 32), 9 / 5) # <-- Fix this in step 7
+
+
+

and a file test_functions.py containing:

+

+from functions import add, subtract, multiply
+from functions import convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius as f2c
+import pytest
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(2, 3) == 5
+    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 5
+#def test_subtract():
+#    assert subtract(2, 3) == -1
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 11
+# def test_convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius():
+#    assert f2c(32) == 0
+#    assert f2c(122) == pytest.approx(50)
+#    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+#        f2c(-600)
+
+
+
+

Finally, stage the files (git add <filename>), commit (git commit -m "some commit message"), +and push the changes (git push origin main).

+
+
+
+
Fork and clone an existing example repository
+
    +
  • Fork the example repo. There are two options one for python and one for R.

  • +
  • Clone your fork (git clone git@github.com:<yourGitID>/<Py/R>TestingExample.git).

  • +
+
+
+
+

Step 2: Run tests locally

+
+

You can now run your tests locally with

+
pytest
+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 3: Enable automated testing

+
+

In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. +Select “Actions” from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page +“Get started with GitHub Actions”. Select the button for “Configure” +under Python Application:

+
+Selecting a Python workflow +
+

Select “Python application” as the starter workflow.

+
+
+

GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder .github/workflows. +Modify the highlited lines according to the action below. This will add a code coverage +report to new pull requests. The if clause restricts this to pull requests, as otherwise +this action would not have a target to write the reports to. On pushes only the unittesting is run.

+
# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a variety of Python versions
+# For more information see: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/automating-builds-and-tests/building-and-testing-python
+
+name: Python package
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ "main" ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - name: Set up Python 3.10
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      with:
+        python-version: "3.10"
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        python -m pip install flake8 pytest pytest-cov
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with pytest and calculate coverage
+      run: |
+        pytest --cov-report "xml:coverage.xml"  --cov=.
+    - name: Create Coverage
+      if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+      uses: orgoro/coverage@v3
+      with:
+          coverageFile: coverage.xml
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+
+

Commit the change by pressing the “Start Commit” button:

+
+Committing the change +
+

Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master.

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run

+
+

Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is +executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green +check mark, once the test succeeds:

+
+Verify that the test passed +
+

Green check means passed.

+
+
+

Also browse the “Actions” tab and look at the steps there and their output.

+
+
+
+

Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem

+

After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository:

+
$ git pull origin main
+
+
+

Hint: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called main and not perhaps master.

+

Next uncomment the code in test_functions.py under “step 5”, commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the “Actions” tab (GitHub) +or the “CI/CD->Pipelines” tab (GitLab).

+
+
+

Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab

+

Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the +“Issues” button on GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that we will fix the issue through a pull/merge request.

+
+
+

Step 7: Fix the broken test

+

Now fix the code on a new branch, you can call it yourname/bugfix. +After you have fixed the code on the new branch, commit the following +commit message "restore function subtract; fixes #1" (assuming that +you try to fix issue number 1).

+
+

Shortcut

+

Here it’s perfectly possible to take a shortcut and commit and push +directly to the main branch. If you do this, steps 8-9 below are skipped.

+
    +
  • When would you push directly to the main branch, and when would you send a +pull/merge request?

  • +
+
+

Then push to your repository.

+
+
+

Step 8: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

+

Go back to the repository on GitHub or GitLab and open a pull/merge +request. In a collaborative setting, you could request a code +review from collaborators at this stage. Before accepting the +pull/merge request, observe how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI +automatically tested the code.

+

If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you +can still add it to the pull/merge request: my pull/merge request title, closes #1.

+
+
+

Step 9: Accept the pull/merge request

+

Observe how accepting the pull/merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull/merge request contained the correct issue number).

+

See also:

+ +

Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful?

+
+
+

Step 10: Increase your code coverage

+

We are currently missing several functions in our tests. Write a test for the multiply function in a new branch and create a pull request. +On python you can directly observe the increase in code coverage. +On R you can have a look at the action (Actions -> last run of your action -> Select a job -> Test coverage). If you compare this with the +previous run, you should see an increase once the update is in.

+
+
+

Step 11 (optional): Repeat steps 5-9 for the convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function:

+

Repetition helps learning, so let’s do the testing again for our convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function. +Uncomment the test for the convert_fahrenheit_to_celsius function and repeat steps 5 to 9 fixing the bug this test exposes.

+
+
+

Discussion

+

Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise.

+
+
+
+
+

Where to go from here

+
    +
  • This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages

  • +
  • This workflow is very useful for collaborators who work on the same code and it works both for +centralized and +forking workflows - have a look at this +alternative exercise to see how that works.

  • +
  • GitHub Actions has a Marketpace which offer wide range of automatic workflows

  • +
  • On GitLab use GitLab CI

  • +
  • For Windows builds you can also use Appveyor

  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue +autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+

Test design

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can different types of functions and classes be tested?

  • +
  • How can the integrity of a complete program be monitored over time?

  • +
  • How can functions that involve random numbers be tested?

  • +
+
+

In this episode we will consider how functions and programs can be tested in programs developed in different programming languages.

+
+

Exercise instructions

+

For the instructor

+
    +
  • First motivate and give a quick tour of all exercises below (10 minutes).

  • +
  • Emphasize that the focus of this episode is design. It is OK to only discuss in groups and not write code.

  • +
+

During exercise session

+
    +
  • Choose the exercise which interests you most. There are many more exercises than we would have time for.

  • +
  • Discuss what testing framework can be used to implement the test.

  • +
  • Keep notes, questions, and answers in the collaborative document.

  • +
+

Once we return to stream

+
    +
  • Discussion about experiences learned.

  • +
+
+
+

Language-specific instructions

+
+

The suggested solutions below use pytest. Further information can +be found in the Quick Reference.

+
+
+
+

Pure and impure functions

+

Start by discussing how you would design tests for the +following five functions, and then try to write the tests. +Also discuss why some are easier to test than others.

+
+

Design-1: Design a test for a function that receives a number and returns a number

+
+
def factorial(n):
+    """
+    Computes the factorial of n.
+    """
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError('received negative input')
+    result = 1
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        result *= i
+    return result
+
+
+

Discussion point: The factorial grows very rapidly. What happens if you +pass a large number as argument to the function?

+
+ +
+
+

Design-2: Design a test for a function that receives two strings and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_string(text, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in text.
+    Example: if text is "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    words = text.split()
+    return words.count(word)
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-3: Design a test for a function which reads a file and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_file(file_name, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in file file_name.
+    Example: if file contains "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    count = 0
+    with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            words = line.split()
+            count += words.count(word)
+    return count
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-4: Design a test for a function with an external dependency

+

This one is not easy to test because the function has an external dependency.

+
+
def check_reactor_temperature(temperature_celsius):       """
+    Checks whether temperature is above max_temperature
+    and returns a status.
+    """
+    from reactor import max_temperature
+    if temperature_celsius > max_temperature:
+        status = 1
+    else:
+        status = 0
+    return status
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-5: Design a test for a method of a mutable class

+
+
class Pet:
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.hunger = 0
+    def go_for_a_walk(self):  # <-- how would you test this function?
+        self.hunger += 1
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Test-driven development

+
+

Design-6: Experience test-driven development

+

Write a test before writing the function! You can decide yourself +what your unwritten function should do, but as a suggestion it can +be based on FizzBuzz - i.e. +a function that:

+
    +
  • takes an integer argument

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of three, returns “Fizz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of five, returns “Buzz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of both three and five, returns “FizzBuzz”

  • +
  • fails in case of non-integer arguments or integer arguments 0 or negative

  • +
  • otherwise returns the integer itself

  • +
+

When writing the tests, consider the different ways that the function could +and should fail.

+

After you have written the tests, implement the function and run the tests +until they pass.

+ +
+
+
+

Testing randomness

+

How would you test functions which generate random numbers +according to some distribution/statistics?

+

Functions and modules which contain randomness are +more difficult to test than pure deterministic functions, but +many strategies exist:

+
    +
  • For unit tests we can use fixed random seeds.

  • +
  • Try to test whether your results follow the expected +distribution/statistics.

  • +
  • When you verify your code “by eye”, what are you looking at? Now try +to express that in a script.

  • +
+
+

Design-7: Write two different types of tests for randomness

+

Consider the code below which simulates playing +Yahtzee by using +random numbers. How would you go about testing it?

+

Try to write two types of tests:

+
    +
  • a unit test for the roll_dice function. Since it uses +random numbers, you will need to set the random seed, +pre-calculate what sequence of dice throws you get with that seed, +and use that in your test.

  • +
  • a test of the yahtzee function which considers the statistical +probability of obtaining a “Yahtzee” (5 dice with the same value +after three throws), which is around 4.6%. This test will be +an integration test since it tests multiple functions including the +random number generator itself.

  • +
+
+
import random
+from collections import Counter
+
+
+def roll_dice(num_dice):
+    return [random.choice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) for _ in range(num_dice)]
+
+
+def yahtzee():
+    """
+    Play yahtzee with 5 6-sided dice and 3 throws.
+    Collect as many of the same dice side as possible.
+    Returns the number of same sides.
+    """
+
+    # first throw
+    result = roll_dice(5)
+    most_common_side, how_often = Counter(result).most_common(1)[0]
+
+    # we keep the most common side
+    target_side = most_common_side
+    num_same_sides = how_often
+    if num_same_sides == 5:
+        return 5
+
+    # second and third throw
+    for _ in [2, 3]:
+        throw = roll_dice(5 - num_same_sides)
+        num_same_sides += Counter(throw)[target_side]
+        if num_same_sides == 5:
+            return 5
+
+    return num_same_sides
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    num_games = 100
+
+    winning_games = list(
+        filter(
+            lambda x: x == 5,
+            [yahtzee() for _ in range(num_games)],
+        )
+    )
+
+    print(f"out of the {num_games} games, {len(winning_games)} got a yahtzee!")
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Designing an end-to-end test

+

In this exercise we will practice designing an end-to-end test. +In an end-to-end test (or integration test), the unit is the entire program. +We typically feed the program with some well defined input and verify +that it still produces the expected output by comparing it to some reference.

+
+

Design-8: Design (but not write) an end-to-end test for the uniq program

+

To have a tangible example, let us consider the uniq command. This command +can read a file or an input stream and remove consecutive repetition. +The program behind uniq has been written by somebody else, it probably contains +some functions, but we will not look into it but regard it as “black box”.

+

If we have a file called repetitive-text.txt containing:

+
(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+another line
+another line
+another line
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

… then feeding this input file to uniq like this:

+
$ uniq < repetitive-text.txt
+
+
+

… will produce the following output with repetitions removed:

+
(all together now) all together now
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

How would you write an end-to-end test for uniq?

+
+
+

Design-9: More end-to-end testing

+
    +
  • Now imagine a code which reads numbers and produces some (floating +point) numbers. How would you test that?

  • +
  • How would you test a code end-to-end which produces images?

  • +
+
+
+

Design-10: Create an actual end-to-end test

+

Often, you can include tests that run your whole workflow or program. +For example, you might include sample data and check the output +against what you expect. (including sample data is a great idea +anyway, so this helps a lot!)

+

We’ll use the word-count example repository +https://github.com/coderefinery/word-count.

+

As a reminder, you can run the script like this to get some output, +which prints to standard output (the terminal):

+
$ python3 statistics/count.py data/abyss.txt
+
+
+

Your goal is to make a test that can run this and let you know if it’s +successful or not. You could use Python, or you could use shell +scripting. You can test if these two lines are in the output: the 4044 and and 2807.

+

Python hint: +subprocess.check_output +will run a command and return its output as a string.

+

Bash hint: COMMAND | grep "PATTERN" (“pipe to grep”) will be true if +the pattern is in the command.

+ +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Pure functions (these are functions without side-effects) are easiest to test. +And also easiest to reuse in another code project since they don’t depend on +any side-effects.

  • +
  • Classes can be tested but it’s somewhat more elaborate.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+

Conclusions and recommendations

+
+

The basics

+
    +
  • Learn one test framework well enough for basics

    +
      +
    • Explore and use the good tools that exist out there

    • +
    • An incomplete list of testing frameworks can be found in the Quick Reference

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Start with some basics

    +
      +
    • Some simple thing that test all parts

    • +
    +
  • +
  • Automate tests

    +
      +
    • Faster feedback and reduce the number of surprises

    • +
    +
  • +
+
+
+

Going more in-depth

+
    +
  • Strike a healthy balance between unit tests and integration tests

  • +
  • As the code gets larger and the chance of undetected bugs +increases, tests should increase

  • +
  • When adding new functionality, also add tests

  • +
  • When you discover and fix a bug, also commit a test against this bug

  • +
  • Use code coverage analysis to identify untested or unused code

  • +
  • If you make your code easier to test, it becomes more modular

  • +
+
+
+

Ways to get started

+

You probably won’t do everything perfectly when you start off… But +what are some of the easy starting points?

+
    +
  • Do you have some single functions that are easy to test, but hard to +verify just by looking at them? Add unit tests.

  • +
  • Do you have data analysis or simulation of some sort? Make an +end-to-end test with sample data, or sample parameters. This is +useful as an example anyway.

  • +
  • A local testing framework + GitHub actions is very easy! And works +well in the background - you do whatever you want and get an email +if you break things. It’s actually pretty freeing.

  • +
+
+
+
+

(Optional) Full-cycle collaborative workflow

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can we implement automatic testing each time we push changes to the repository?

  • +
  • Why is it good to autoclose issues with commit messages?

  • +
+
+
+

Exercise a full-cycle collaborative workflow

+

This exercise is a collaborative version of the Automated testing exercise.

+
+

FullCI-1: Create and use a continuous integration workflow on GitHub or GitLab with pull requests and issues

+

This is an expanded version of the automated testing demonstration. +The exercise is performed in a collaborative circle within the exercise group +(breakout room).

+

The exercise takes 20-30 minutes.

+

In this exercise, everybody will:

+

A. Create a repository on GitHub/GitLab (everybody should use a different repository name for their repository) +B. Commit code to the repository and set up tests with GitHub Actions/ GitLab CI +C. Everybody will find a bug in their repository and open an issue in their repository +D. Then each one will clone the repo of one of their exercise partners, fix the bug, +and open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab) +E. Everybody then merges their co-worker’s change

+
+
+Graph with exercise steps +
+

Overview of this exercise. Below we detail the steps.

+
+
+
+

Prerequisites

+

If you are new to Git, you can find a step-by-step guide to +setting up repositories and making commits in +this git-refresher material.

+
+
+

Step 1: Create a new repository on GitHub/GitLab

+
    +
  • Select a different repository name than your colleagues (otherwise forking the same name will be strange)

  • +
  • Before you create the repository, select “Initialize this repository +with a README” (otherwise you try to clone an empty repo).

  • +
  • Share the repository URL with your exercise group via shared document or chat

  • +
+
+
+

Step 2: Clone your own repository, add code, commit, and push

+

Clone the repository.

+

Add a file example.py containing:

+
def add(a, b):
+    return a + b
+
+
+def test_add():
+    assert add(2, 3) == 5
+    assert add('space', 'ship') == 'spaceship'
+
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    return a + b  # <--- fix this in step 8
+
+
+# uncomment the following test in step 5
+#def test_subtract():
+#    assert subtract(2, 3) == -1
+
+
+

Test example.py with pytest.

+

Then stage the file (git add <filename>), commit (git commit -m "some commit message"), +and push the changes (git push origin main).

+
+
+

Step 3: Enable automated testing

+
+

In this step we will enable GitHub Actions. +Select “Actions” from your GitHub repository page. You get to a page +“Get started with GitHub Actions”. Select the button for “Set up +this workflow” under Python Application:

+
+Selecting a Python workflow +
+

Select “Python application” as the starter workflow.

+
+
+

GitHub creates the following file for you in the subfolder .github/workflows. +Add pytest example.py to the last line (highlighted):

+
# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a single version of Python
+# For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions
+
+name: Python application
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Set up Python 3.8
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.8
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install flake8 pytest
+        if [ -f requirements.txt ]; then pip install -r requirements.txt; fi
+    - name: Lint with flake8
+      run: |
+        # stop the build if there are Python syntax errors or undefined names
+        flake8 . --count --select=E9,F63,F7,F82 --show-source --statistics
+        # exit-zero treats all errors as warnings. The GitHub editor is 127 chars wide
+        flake8 . --count --exit-zero --max-complexity=10 --max-line-length=127 --statistics
+    - name: Test with pytest
+      run: |
+        pytest example.py
+
+
+

Commit the change by pressing the “Start Commit” button:

+
+Committing the change +
+

Committing the file via the GitHub web interface: follow the flow, give it some commit name. You can commit directly to master.

+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 4: Verify that tests have been automatically run

+
+

Observe in the repository how the test succeeds. While the test is +executing, the repository has a yellow marker. This is replaced with a green +check mark, once the test succeeds:

+
+Verify that the test passed +
+

Green check means passed.

+
+
+

Also browse the “Actions” tab and look at the steps there and their output.

+
+
+
+

Step 5: Add a test which reveals a problem

+

After you committed the workflow file, your GitHub/GitLab repository will be ahead of +your local cloned repository. Update your local cloned repository:

+
$ git pull origin main
+
+
+

Hint for helpers: if the above command fails, check whether the branch name on the GitHub/GitLab +repository is called main and not perhaps master.

+

Next uncomment the code in example.py under “step 5”, commit, and push. +Verify that the test suite now fails on the “Actions” tab (GitHub) +or the “CI/CD->Pipelines” tab (GitLab).

+
+
+

Step 6: Open an issue on GitHub/GitLab

+

Open a new issue in your repository about the broken test (click the “Issues” button on +GitHub or GitLab and write a title for the issue). +The plan is that your colleague will fix the issue through a pull/merge request.

+
+
+

Step 7: Fork and clone the repository of your colleague

+

Fork the repository using the GitHub/GitLab web interface. +(if you are unfamiliar with forking and pull requests, have a look at +this visual representation).

+

Make sure you clone the fork after you have forked it. Do not clone +your colleague’s repository directly.

+
+
$ git clone https://github.com/your-username/the-repository.git
+
+
+
+
+
+

Step 8: Fix the broken test

+

After you have fixed the code, commit the following commit message +"restore function subtract; fixes #1" (assuming that you try to fix +issue number 1).

+

Then push to your fork.

+
+
+

Step 9: Open a pull request (GitHub)/ merge request (GitLab)

+

Then before accepting the pull request/ merge request from your colleague, observe +how GitHub Actions/ Gitlab CI automatically tested the code.

+

If you forgot to reference the issue number in the commit message, you can still add it to +the pull request/ merge request: my pull/merge request title, closes #NUMBEROFTHEISSUE

+
+
+

Step 10: Accept the pull request/ merge request

+

Observe how accepting the pull request/ merge request automatically closes the issue (provided +the commit message or the pull request/ merge request contained the correct issue number).

+

See also:

+ +

Discuss whether this is a useful feature. And if it is, why do you think is it useful?

+
+
+

Discussion

+

Finally, we discuss together about our experiences with this exercise.

+
+

(optional) FullCI-2: Add a license file to the previous exercise’s repository

+

In the Social coding and open software +lesson we learn how important it is to add a LICENSE file.

+

Your goal:

+
    +
  • You discover that your coworker’s repository does not have a LICENSE file.

  • +
  • Open an issue and suggest a LICENSE.

  • +
  • Then add a LICENSE via a pull/merge request, referencing the issue number.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+
+

Where to go from here

+
    +
  • This example was using Python but you can achieve the same automation for R or Fortran or C/C++ or other languages

  • +
  • GitHub Actions has a Marketpace which offer wide range of automatic workflows

  • +
  • On GitLab use GitLab CI

  • +
  • For Windows builds you can also use Appveyor

  • +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • When fixing bugs or other problems reported in issues, use the issue +autoclosing mechanism when you send the pull/merge request.

  • +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

List of exercises

+
+

Full list

+

This is a list of all exercises and solutions in this lesson, mainly +as a reference for helpers and instructors. This list is +automatically generated from all of the other pages in the lesson. +Any single teaching event will probably cover only a subset of these, +depending on their interests.

+
+
+
+

Quick Reference

+
+

Available tools

+
+

Unit test frameworks

+

A test framework makes it easy to run tests across large amounts +of code automatically. They provide more control than one single +script which does some tests.

+ +
+
+
+

pytest_

+
    +
  • Python

  • +
  • http://doc.pytest.org

  • +
  • Installable via Conda or pip.

  • +
  • Easy to use: Prefix a function with test_ and the test runner will execute it. +No need to subclass anything.

  • +
+
def get_word_lengths(s):
+    """
+    Returns a list of integers representing
+    the word lengths in string s.
+    """
+    return [len(w) for w in s.split()]
+
+def test_get_word_lengths():
+    text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street"
+    assert get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6]
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

testthat

+
    +
  • R

  • +
  • https://github.com/r-lib/testthat

  • +
  • Easily installed from CRAN with install.packages("testthat"), or from GitHub with devtools::install_github("r-lib/testthat")

  • +
  • Use in package development with usethis::use_testthat()

  • +
  • Add a new test file with usethis::use_test("test-name"), e.g.:

    +
    # tests/testthat/test_example.R
    +# file added by running `usethis::use_test("example")`
    +
    +context("Arithmetics")
    +library("mypackage")
    +
    +test_that("square root function works", {
    +  expect_equal(my_sqrt(4), 2)
    +  expect_warning(my_sqrt(-4))
    +})
    +
    +
    +

    Tests consist of one or more expectations, and multiple tests can be grouped together in one test file. +Test files are put in the directory tests/testthat/, and their file names are prefixed with test_.

    +
  • +
  • Run all tests in package with devtools::test() (if you use RStudio, press Ctrl+Shift+T):

    +
    > devtools::test()
    +Loading mypackage
    +Testing mypackage
    +✔ |  OK F W S | Context
    +✔ |   2       | Arithmetics
    +
    +══ Results ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
    +OK:       2
    +Failed:   0
    +Warnings: 0
    +Skipped:  0
    +
    +
    +
  • +
+

More information in the Testing chapter of the book R Packages by Hadley Wickham.

+
+
+
+

Test

+
    +
  • Julia

  • +
  • +
  • +
  • Part of the standard library

  • +
  • Provides simple unit testing functionality with +@test and @test_throws macros:

  • +
+
julia> using Test
+
+julia> @test [1, 2] + [2, 1] == [3, 3]
+Test Passed
+
+# approximate comparisons:
+julia> @test π  3.14 atol=0.01
+Test Passed
+
+# Tests that an expression throws exception:
+julia> @test_throws BoundsError [1, 2, 3][4]
+Test Passed
+      Thrown: BoundsError
+
+julia> @test_throws DimensionMismatch [1, 2, 3] + [1, 2]
+Test Passed
+      Thrown: DimensionMismatch
+
+
+
    +
  • Grouping related tests with the @testset macro:

  • +
+
using Test
+
+function get_word_lengths(s::String)
+    return [length(w) for w in split(s)]
+end
+
+@testset "Testing get_word_length()" begin
+    text = "Three tomatoes are walking down the street"
+    @test get_word_lengths(text) == [5, 8, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6]
+    number = 123
+    @test_throws MethodError get_word_lengths(number)
+end
+
+
+
+
+
+

Catch2

+ +
#include <catch2/catch.hpp>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+using namespace Catch::literals;
+
+TEST_CASE("Use the example library to add numbers", "[add]") {
+  auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  REQUIRE(res == 3.0_a);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Google Test

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Documentation

  • +
  • Widely used

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Well-integrated with CMake

  • +
+
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+TEST(example, add) {
+  double res;
+  res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  ASSERT_NEAR(res, 3.0, 1.0e-11);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Boost.Test

+
    +
  • C++

  • +
  • Documentation

  • +
  • Very rich in functionality

  • +
  • Header-only use possible

  • +
+
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+#include "example.h"
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( add )
+{
+  auto res = add_numbers(1.0, 2.0);
+  BOOST_TEST(res == 3.0);
+}
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

pFUnit

+ +
@test
+subroutine test_add_numbers()
+
+   use hello
+   use pfunit_mod
+
+   implicit none
+
+   real(8) :: res
+
+   call add_numbers(1.0d0, 2.0d0, res)
+   @assertEqual(res, 3.0d0)
+
+end subroutine
+
+
+ +

To test the factorial and fizzbuzz functions from the test-design +exercises, use this CMakeLists.txt file:

+
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+
+project (PFUNIT_DEMO_CR
+  VERSION 1.0.0
+  LANGUAGES Fortran)
+
+find_package(PFUNIT REQUIRED)
+enable_testing()
+
+# system under test
+add_library (sut
+  factorial.f90
+  fizzbuzz.f90
+  )
+
+target_include_directories(sut PUBLIC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+
+# tests
+set (test_srcs test_factorial.pf test_fizzbuzz.pf)
+add_pfunit_ctest (my_tests
+  TEST_SOURCES ${test_srcs}
+  LINK_LIBRARIES sut
+  )
+
+
+

You can then compile using this script:

+
#!/bin/bash -f
+
+if [[ -d build ]]
+then
+    rm -rf build
+fi
+
+mkdir -p build
+cd build
+cmake .. -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$PFUNIT_DIR
+make
+./my_tests
+
+# or
+# ctest --verbose
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Services to deploy testing and coverage

+

Each of these are web services to handle testing, free for open source +projects.

+ +
+
+
+
+

Good resources

+ +
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Testing is a basic requirement of any possible language

  • +
  • There are various tools for any language you may use

  • +
  • There are free web services for open source

  • +
+
+
+
+
+

Instructor guide

+
+

Detailed schedule

+
    +
  • 9:00-9:15 Motivation

  • +
  • 9:15-9:40 Testing locally

    +
      +
    • explain the exercise: 5 min

    • +
    • 20 min exercise

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 9:40-10:00 Automated testing

    +
      +
    • demo

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 10:00-10:10 Break

  • +
  • 10:10-10:50 Test design

    +
      +
    • explain the exercise: 10 min

    • +
    • 20 min exercise

    • +
    • discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes

    • +
    +
  • +
  • 10:50-11:00 Discussion and summary

  • +
+
+
+

Why we teach this lesson

+
    +
  • Because writing tests and using automated testing is often part +of the development process, especially for codes that are larger than +a simple script.

  • +
  • We wish to give learners the tools so that they can rewrite codes and +collaborate on a code projects with more confidence.

  • +
  • Testing can help detecting regressions during development instead of later +(when using the code) or too late (after having published results).

  • +
  • Can simplify collaboration since contributors can be more confident that +their changes preserve expected functionality.

  • +
  • Tests document the intent of the function/module/library/code.

  • +
  • Tests can guide the code towards more modular and reusable code style with +fewer side effects.

  • +
+
+
+

Intended learning outcomes

+
    +
  • Know that in each language tools exist that can execute a series of test functions +and report success or failure.

  • +
  • Know that services like GitHub Actions, Azure pipelines, GitLab CI, Appveyor, and others +allow us to automatically run tests on every Git push or every pull request or merge request.

  • +
  • Be able to approach a function or module or library and design a test for it “in words” +or pseudo-code.

  • +
  • Know what test coverage means and how it can help to detect untested/unused code.

  • +
  • Know where in a larger and untested project to start introducing tests since it is beyond +reach and also probably not reasonable to test everything.

  • +
+
+
+

How we teach this lesson

+
+

How to start

+

The quote from another testing lesson by Kathryn Huff can be discussed +to get participants to reflect on the role of software testing in +science and its parallels to calibrating measurement devices. The second half +of the quote is left out because it goes so far as to say that untested software +does not constitute science, and this can be offending to learners.

+
+
+

Questions to involve participants

+
    +
  • Do you agree that testing software is similar to calibrating detectors?

  • +
  • Do you test your code?

  • +
  • How and when do you test?

  • +
  • Where would you start adding a test in an existing project?

  • +
  • In which situations would you recommend not to add any tests?

  • +
+
+
+

Structure of the lesson

+
+
Motivation and concepts
+

The former “motivation” and “concepts” episodes have been combined +into one. Previously, the lesson was described as quite dogmagtic and +without enough time for exercises. When teaching, try to give some of +the benefits, but without being too long about it. The quick +reference has more details on language-specific things.

+
+
+
Testing locally
+

After introducing the concepts the lesson becomes hands-on in the +Testing Locally episode. The pytest example there can be done as +type-along and the optional exercise “Testing with numerical +tolerance” can be left as homework. The end-to-end test may be hard +for many people who can’t script other programs, but it provides +something that can keep advanced people interested for longer.

+
+
+
Automated testing (or full-cycle collaborative workflow)
+

After learning how to run tests locally, the lesson goes into +automated testing using GitHub Actions or GitLab CI in the Automated +Testing episode. This episode is a simplified version of the +collaborative exercise in the optional episode “Full-cycle +collaborative workflow”, and the instructor has a choice which one to +teach (with the latter requiring around double the time). The +exercise in Automated Testing can either be done as a type-along +demonstration by the instructor or as an exercise in breakout rooms.

+

If run as an exercise, this episode requires that learners know how +to set up Git repositories locally and online and how to work with +pull/merge requests!

+

If the optional Full-cycle episode is covered, it is useful during the +wrap up of the exercise to have a co-instructor doing the exercise in +parallel with you. As your partner makes a pull requests with “fixes +#1” (or whatever PR number) you can show that the PR links to a issue, +and the issue pointing to a commit.

+
+
+
Test design
+

This episode now has exercises in different languages covering +different testing approaches (unit tests, integration tests, testing +randomness, TDD). In normal workshops there are far too many +exercises for the available time so the instructor has freedom to +recommend specific exercises, to let learners choose themselves, or to +recommend learners to discuss rather than implement the tests.

+
+
+
Order of Continuous Integration and Test Design
+

When this lesson is taught standalone in a software testing workshop +or hackathon, it might be better to go through the Test Design episode +before the Continuous Integration episode.

+
+
+
+

Timing

+

The lesson is stipulated to take around 2 hours, but if more time is +available you can replace the Automated Testing episode with “Full-cycle +collaborative workflow”, or give more time to the Test Design episode.

+

Splitting the lesson in two halves with a lunch break in the middle +works well. Before lunch you have on hour introduction and the two +first exercises. After lunch you continue with the automated testing +exercise and test design.

+
+
+

Room for improvement

+
    +
  • The lesson is still too Python centric in the “Testing locally” and “Automated testing” episodes. +It would be nice to offer alternatives for learners who write in different languages.

  • +
  • Currently the lesson is in the “discipline” domain. Testing is +something you do to control behavior (your own as well as the code). +Testing is also something you can do to improve productivity, but this +is less visible/detectable.

  • +
+
+
+
+

Field reports

+
+

2024 March (first time with no exercises)

+

This was the first year we did the “all demo” mode with no exercises, +and it worked well enough. Our rough plan can be seen at this +hackmd (not pasted here +because it’s kind of long).

+

We tried to be fast with motivation, and not go to details. In +“testing locally”, we basically did the exercise as a demo. There +wasn’t much of note, it worked and there was plenty of +discussion. “Automated testing” worked fine also, except: a) we had to +choose how to push to Github, we used vscode, but not all learners did +that method. Nothing to change here, but be aware you should explain +what and why you are doing for people who didn’t use your chosen +method of linking, and b) code coverage didn’t work from a PR from a +fork. We had one person set up the automated tests, then swapped +instructors and showed the second making the fork and contributing.

+

The biggest thing to think about is how, when demoing testing +locally/automated testing, people ask “how to tests work?”, which then +comes later. I don’t know if I would change the order, +though… because showing how to design tests without knowing how to +use them would make the same kind of questions, but reversed. I think +it’s just a “decide how it is and prepare for the questions” - maybe +in “motivation” or some other summary episode at the start.

+

“Test design” didn’t have any major problems, but many of the tests +were relatively simple to discuss: the earlier tests would be trivial +to understand if someone shows you the code (should we demonstrate +typing two lines that’s the same as in motivation? - but interesting +to do as an exercise). Some of the later ones were interesting to +build up and demonstrate. It would be good to think which exercises +one wants to demo, and which one wants to only talk about. And think +which comes out of each demo/telling.

+

Overall, no major issues in doing this demo-based with good +familiarity but limited preparation time.

+
+
+

2023 September

+

For this lesson, “Motivation” and “Concepts” were combined. An extra +end-to-end test was added under “testing locally”.

+
+
+

2023 March

+

Due to a mix-up with instructors, we changed the plan at the last +minute and it didn’t go so well (we should have known). The original +plan had pytest as a demo, with exercises for Github CI and test +design. We did pytest as an exercise, Github CI as an exercise, and +had almost no time for test design. One complaint was that there +wasn’t enough time for practical things, so I think a plan like last +time could have been good. As usual, we should have found a way to +talk less and do more.

+

This was the schedule from March 2023:

+
* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started
+* 9:00 - 10:45 [Software testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/)
+  - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday
+  - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/)
+  - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/)
+  - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/)
+      - 5 minutes talking
+      - 15 minute exercises
+      - 5 going over exercises and discussion
+  - 9:45-9:55 Break
+  - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/)
+      - type-along session
+  - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/)
+      - discussion: 5 minutes
+      - Exercises: 10 minutes.  Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do.
+      - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes
+  - 10:45-11:00 Break
+
+
+
+
+

2022 September

+

Overall, it went well with the schedule below. We had to be +efficient, but it seemed like it wasn’t too hard. The only complaint +was that there was a lot of time for the first exercise (pytest +locally), which I would agree with. I think for next time, we should +add in parts of that exercise so that there are more advanced things +to do, since there are more nice features of pytest, such as --pdb, +running single tests, etc. Other than that, there wasn’t really much +to report.

+

The way extra long breaks and a 5-minute starting point were included +is quite good for the schedule. Not because we needed them, but it +allowed us to go over time and not be under so much time pressure.

+
**Day 6**
+* 8:50 - 9:00 Getting started
+* 9:00 - 10:45 Software testing
+  - 9:00-9:05 Short info about today's exercise sessions and possible questions from yesterday
+  - 9:05-9:10 [Motivation](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/motivation/)
+  - 9:10-9:20 [Concepts](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/concepts/)
+  - 9:20-9:45 [Testing locally](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/pytest/)
+      - 5 minutes talking
+      - 15 minute exercises
+      - 5 going over exercises and discussion
+  - 9:45-9:55 Break
+  - 9:55-10:20 [Automated testing](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/continuous-integration/)
+      - type-along session
+  - 10:20-10:45 [Test design](https://coderefinery.github.io/testing/test-design/)
+      - discussion: 5 minutes
+      - Exercises: 10 minutes.  Any of exercises Design-1 to Design-8 that learners want to do.
+      - discussion and type-along of advanced exercises: 10 minutes
+  - 10:45-11:00 Break
+
+
+
+
+

2019 November instructor training workshop

+

Some notes about teaching are here: +https://github.com/coderefinery/testing/issues/42

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright CodeRefinery project.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/singlehtml/objects.inv b/singlehtml/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61cdb37 Binary files /dev/null and b/singlehtml/objects.inv differ diff --git a/test-design/index.html b/test-design/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a1b666 --- /dev/null +++ b/test-design/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1587 @@ + + + + + + + Test design — Automated testing documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Test design

+
+

Questions

+
    +
  • How can different types of functions and classes be tested?

  • +
  • How can the integrity of a complete program be monitored over time?

  • +
  • How can functions that involve random numbers be tested?

  • +
+
+

In this episode we will consider how functions and programs can be tested in programs developed in different programming languages.

+
+

Exercise instructions

+

For the instructor

+
    +
  • First motivate and give a quick tour of all exercises below (10 minutes).

  • +
  • Emphasize that the focus of this episode is design. It is OK to only discuss in groups and not write code.

  • +
+

During exercise session

+
    +
  • Choose the exercise which interests you most. There are many more exercises than we would have time for.

  • +
  • Discuss what testing framework can be used to implement the test.

  • +
  • Keep notes, questions, and answers in the collaborative document.

  • +
+

Once we return to stream

+
    +
  • Discussion about experiences learned.

  • +
+
+
+

Language-specific instructions

+
+

The suggested solutions below use pytest. Further information can +be found in the Quick Reference.

+
+
+
+

Pure and impure functions

+

Start by discussing how you would design tests for the +following five functions, and then try to write the tests. +Also discuss why some are easier to test than others.

+
+

Design-1: Design a test for a function that receives a number and returns a number

+
+
def factorial(n):
+    """
+    Computes the factorial of n.
+    """
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError('received negative input')
+    result = 1
+    for i in range(1, n + 1):
+        result *= i
+    return result
+
+
+

Discussion point: The factorial grows very rapidly. What happens if you +pass a large number as argument to the function?

+
+ +
+
+

Design-2: Design a test for a function that receives two strings and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_string(text, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in text.
+    Example: if text is "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    words = text.split()
+    return words.count(word)
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-3: Design a test for a function which reads a file and returns a number

+
+
def count_word_occurrence_in_file(file_name, word):
+    """
+    Counts how often word appears in file file_name.
+    Example: if file contains "one two one two three four"
+             and word is "one", then this function returns 2
+    """
+    count = 0
+    with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            words = line.split()
+            count += words.count(word)
+    return count
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-4: Design a test for a function with an external dependency

+

This one is not easy to test because the function has an external dependency.

+
+
def check_reactor_temperature(temperature_celsius):       """
+    Checks whether temperature is above max_temperature
+    and returns a status.
+    """
+    from reactor import max_temperature
+    if temperature_celsius > max_temperature:
+        status = 1
+    else:
+        status = 0
+    return status
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

Design-5: Design a test for a method of a mutable class

+
+
class Pet:
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.hunger = 0
+    def go_for_a_walk(self):  # <-- how would you test this function?
+        self.hunger += 1
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Test-driven development

+
+

Design-6: Experience test-driven development

+

Write a test before writing the function! You can decide yourself +what your unwritten function should do, but as a suggestion it can +be based on FizzBuzz - i.e. +a function that:

+
    +
  • takes an integer argument

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of three, returns “Fizz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of five, returns “Buzz”

  • +
  • for arguments that are multiples of both three and five, returns “FizzBuzz”

  • +
  • fails in case of non-integer arguments or integer arguments 0 or negative

  • +
  • otherwise returns the integer itself

  • +
+

When writing the tests, consider the different ways that the function could +and should fail.

+

After you have written the tests, implement the function and run the tests +until they pass.

+ +
+
+
+

Testing randomness

+

How would you test functions which generate random numbers +according to some distribution/statistics?

+

Functions and modules which contain randomness are +more difficult to test than pure deterministic functions, but +many strategies exist:

+
    +
  • For unit tests we can use fixed random seeds.

  • +
  • Try to test whether your results follow the expected +distribution/statistics.

  • +
  • When you verify your code “by eye”, what are you looking at? Now try +to express that in a script.

  • +
+
+

Design-7: Write two different types of tests for randomness

+

Consider the code below which simulates playing +Yahtzee by using +random numbers. How would you go about testing it?

+

Try to write two types of tests:

+
    +
  • a unit test for the roll_dice function. Since it uses +random numbers, you will need to set the random seed, +pre-calculate what sequence of dice throws you get with that seed, +and use that in your test.

  • +
  • a test of the yahtzee function which considers the statistical +probability of obtaining a “Yahtzee” (5 dice with the same value +after three throws), which is around 4.6%. This test will be +an integration test since it tests multiple functions including the +random number generator itself.

  • +
+
+
import random
+from collections import Counter
+
+
+def roll_dice(num_dice):
+    return [random.choice([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) for _ in range(num_dice)]
+
+
+def yahtzee():
+    """
+    Play yahtzee with 5 6-sided dice and 3 throws.
+    Collect as many of the same dice side as possible.
+    Returns the number of same sides.
+    """
+
+    # first throw
+    result = roll_dice(5)
+    most_common_side, how_often = Counter(result).most_common(1)[0]
+
+    # we keep the most common side
+    target_side = most_common_side
+    num_same_sides = how_often
+    if num_same_sides == 5:
+        return 5
+
+    # second and third throw
+    for _ in [2, 3]:
+        throw = roll_dice(5 - num_same_sides)
+        num_same_sides += Counter(throw)[target_side]
+        if num_same_sides == 5:
+            return 5
+
+    return num_same_sides
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    num_games = 100
+
+    winning_games = list(
+        filter(
+            lambda x: x == 5,
+            [yahtzee() for _ in range(num_games)],
+        )
+    )
+
+    print(f"out of the {num_games} games, {len(winning_games)} got a yahtzee!")
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Designing an end-to-end test

+

In this exercise we will practice designing an end-to-end test. +In an end-to-end test (or integration test), the unit is the entire program. +We typically feed the program with some well defined input and verify +that it still produces the expected output by comparing it to some reference.

+
+

Design-8: Design (but not write) an end-to-end test for the uniq program

+

To have a tangible example, let us consider the uniq command. This command +can read a file or an input stream and remove consecutive repetition. +The program behind uniq has been written by somebody else, it probably contains +some functions, but we will not look into it but regard it as “black box”.

+

If we have a file called repetitive-text.txt containing:

+
(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+another line
+another line
+another line
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

… then feeding this input file to uniq like this:

+
$ uniq < repetitive-text.txt
+
+
+

… will produce the following output with repetitions removed:

+
(all together now) all together now
+another line
+intermission
+more repetition
+(all together now) all together now
+
+
+

How would you write an end-to-end test for uniq?

+
+
+

Design-9: More end-to-end testing

+
    +
  • Now imagine a code which reads numbers and produces some (floating +point) numbers. How would you test that?

  • +
  • How would you test a code end-to-end which produces images?

  • +
+
+
+

Design-10: Create an actual end-to-end test

+

Often, you can include tests that run your whole workflow or program. +For example, you might include sample data and check the output +against what you expect. (including sample data is a great idea +anyway, so this helps a lot!)

+

We’ll use the word-count example repository +https://github.com/coderefinery/word-count.

+

As a reminder, you can run the script like this to get some output, +which prints to standard output (the terminal):

+
$ python3 statistics/count.py data/abyss.txt
+
+
+

Your goal is to make a test that can run this and let you know if it’s +successful or not. You could use Python, or you could use shell +scripting. You can test if these two lines are in the output: the 4044 and and 2807.

+

Python hint: +subprocess.check_output +will run a command and return its output as a string.

+

Bash hint: COMMAND | grep "PATTERN" (“pipe to grep”) will be true if +the pattern is in the command.

+ +
+
+

Keypoints

+
    +
  • Pure functions (these are functions without side-effects) are easiest to test. +And also easiest to reuse in another code project since they don’t depend on +any side-effects.

  • +
  • Classes can be tested but it’s somewhat more elaborate.

  • +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file