htab.cpp

#include <zlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "kthread.h"
#include "khashl.h"
#include "kseq.h"
#include "ksort.h"
#include "htab.h"
#include "Process_Read.h"

#define YAK_COUNTER_BITS 12
#define YAK_N_COUNTS     (1<<YAK_COUNTER_BITS)
#define YAK_MAX_COUNT    ((1<<YAK_COUNTER_BITS)-1)

const unsigned char seq_nt4_table[256] = { // translate ACGT to 0123
	0, 1, 2, 3,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 0, 4, 1,  4, 4, 4, 2,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  3, 3, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 0, 4, 1,  4, 4, 4, 2,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  3, 3, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,
	4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4,  4, 4, 4, 4
};

void *ha_flt_tab;
ha_pt_t *ha_idx;
void *ha_flt_tab_hp;
ha_pt_t *ha_idx_hp;
void *ha_ct_table;

/***************************
 * Yak specific parameters *
 ***************************/

typedef struct {
	int32_t bf_shift, bf_n_hash;
	int32_t k, w, is_HPC, uq;
	int32_t pre;
	int32_t n_thread;
	int64_t chunk_size;
	int adaLen, min_rcnt;
} yak_copt_t;

void yak_copt_init(yak_copt_t *o)
{
	memset(o, 0, sizeof(yak_copt_t));
	o->bf_shift = 0;
	o->bf_n_hash = 4;
	o->k = 31;
	o->w = 1;
	o->pre = YAK_COUNTER_BITS;
	o->n_thread = 4;
	o->chunk_size = 20000000;
}

/************************
 * Blocked bloom filter *
 ************************/

#define YAK_BLK_SHIFT  9 // 64 bytes, the size of a cache line
#define YAK_BLK_MASK   ((1<<(YAK_BLK_SHIFT)) - 1)

typedef struct {
	int n_shift, n_hashes;
	uint8_t *b;
} yak_bf_t;
///in most cases, n_shift = 25, n_hashes = 4
yak_bf_t *yak_bf_init(int n_shift, int n_hashes)
{
	yak_bf_t *b;
	void *ptr = 0;
	if (n_shift + YAK_BLK_SHIFT > 64 || n_shift < YAK_BLK_SHIFT) return 0;
	CALLOC(b, 1);
	b->n_shift = n_shift;
	b->n_hashes = n_hashes;
	posix_memalign(&ptr, 1<<(YAK_BLK_SHIFT-3), 1ULL<<(n_shift-3));
	b->b = (uint8_t*)ptr;
	bzero(b->b, 1ULL<<(n_shift-3));
	return b;
}

void yak_bf_destroy(yak_bf_t *b)
{
	if (b == 0) return;
	free(b->b); free(b);
}

int yak_bf_insert(yak_bf_t *b, uint64_t hash)
{
	int x = b->n_shift - YAK_BLK_SHIFT;
	uint64_t y = hash & ((1ULL<<x) - 1);
	int h1 = hash >> x & YAK_BLK_MASK;
	int h2 = hash >> b->n_shift & YAK_BLK_MASK;
	uint8_t *p = &b->b[y<<(YAK_BLK_SHIFT-3)];
	int i, z = h1, cnt = 0;
	if ((h2&31) == 0) h2 = (h2 + 1) & YAK_BLK_MASK; // otherwise we may repeatedly use a few bits
	for (i = 0; i < b->n_hashes; z = (z + h2) & YAK_BLK_MASK) {
		uint8_t *q = &p[z>>3], u;
		u = 1<<(z&7);
		cnt += !!(*q & u);
		*q |= u;
		++i;
	}
	return cnt;
}

/********************
 * Count hash table *
 ********************/

#define yak_ct_eq(a, b) ((a)>>YAK_COUNTER_BITS == (b)>>YAK_COUNTER_BITS) // lower 8 bits for counts; higher bits for k-mer
#define yak_ct_hash(a) ((a)>>YAK_COUNTER_BITS)
KHASHL_SET_INIT(static klib_unused, yak_ct_t, yak_ct, uint64_t, yak_ct_hash, yak_ct_eq)

typedef struct {
	yak_ct_t *h;
	yak_bf_t *b;
} ha_ct1_t;

typedef struct {
	int k, pre, n_hash, n_shift;
	uint64_t tot;  ///number of distinct k-mers
	uint64_t bs;
	ha_ct1_t *h;
} ha_ct_t;

///for 0-th counting, k = 51, pre = 12, n_hash = 4, n_shift = 37
///for 1-th counting, opt.k = 51, opt->pre = 12, opt->bf_n_hash = 4, opt.bf_shift = 0
static ha_ct_t *ha_ct_init(int k, int pre, int n_hash, int n_shift)
{
	ha_ct_t *h;
	int i;
	if (pre < YAK_COUNTER_BITS) return 0;
	CALLOC(h, 1);
	h->k = k, h->pre = pre;
	CALLOC(h->h, 1<<h->pre);
	///i<h->pre = 4096
	///it seems there is a large hash table h, consisting 4096 small hash tables
	for (i = 0; i < 1<<h->pre; ++i)
		h->h[i].h = yak_ct_init();
	///for 0-th counting, enter here; used for bloom filter
	if (n_hash > 0 && n_shift > h->pre) {
		h->n_hash = n_hash, h->n_shift = n_shift;
		for (i = 0; i < 1<<h->pre; ++i)
			h->h[i].b = yak_bf_init(h->n_shift - h->pre, h->n_hash); ///h->n_shift = 37, h->pre = 12, h->n_hash = 4 
	}
	return h;
}

static void ha_ct_destroy_bf(ha_ct_t *h)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 1<<h->pre; ++i) {
		if (h->h[i].b)
			yak_bf_destroy(h->h[i].b);
		h->h[i].b = 0;
	}
}

static void ha_ct_destroy(ha_ct_t *h)
{
	int i;
	if (h == 0) return;
	ha_ct_destroy_bf(h);
	for (i = 0; i < 1<<h->pre; ++i)
		yak_ct_destroy(h->h[i].h);
	free(h->h); free(h);
}

static int ha_ct_insert_list(ha_ct_t *h, int create_new, int n, const uint64_t *a)
{
	int j, mask = (1<<h->pre) - 1, n_ins = 0;
	ha_ct1_t *g;
	if (n == 0) return 0;
	///corresponding small hash index
	g = &h->h[a[0]&mask];
	for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
		int ins = 1, absent;
		///x is a 64-bit word, h->pre=12
		///all elements at a have the same low 12 bits
		///so low 12 bits are not useful
		uint64_t x = a[j] >> h->pre;
		khint_t k;
		assert((a[j]&mask) == (a[0]&mask));
		if (create_new) {
			if (g->b)
				ins = (yak_bf_insert(g->b, x) == h->n_hash);
			///x = the high 52 bits of a[j] + low 12 bits 0
			///the low 12 bits are used for counting
			if (ins) {
				k = yak_ct_put(g->h, x << YAK_COUNTER_BITS | (g->b? 1 : 0), &absent);
				if (absent) ++n_ins;
				if ((kh_key(g->h, k)&YAK_MAX_COUNT) < YAK_MAX_COUNT)
					++kh_key(g->h, k);
			}
		} else {
			k = yak_ct_get(g->h, x<<YAK_COUNTER_BITS);
			if (k != kh_end(g->h) && (kh_key(g->h, k)&YAK_MAX_COUNT) < YAK_MAX_COUNT)
				++kh_key(g->h, k);
		}
	}
	return n_ins;
}

/*** generate histogram ***/

typedef struct {
	uint64_t c[YAK_N_COUNTS];
} buf_cnt_t;

typedef struct {
	const ha_ct_t *h;
	buf_cnt_t *cnt;
} hist_aux_t;

static void worker_ct_hist(void *data, long i, int tid) // callback for kt_for()
{
	hist_aux_t *a = (hist_aux_t*)data;
	uint64_t *cnt = a->cnt[tid].c;
	yak_ct_t *g = a->h->h[i].h;
	khint_t k;
	for (k = 0; k < kh_end(g); ++k)
		if (kh_exist(g, k))
			++cnt[kh_key(g, k)&YAK_MAX_COUNT];
}

///YAK_N_COUNTS is also 4096
///used for calculating k-mer histogram
static void ha_ct_hist(const ha_ct_t *h, int64_t cnt[YAK_N_COUNTS], int n_thread)
{
	hist_aux_t a;
	int i, j;
	a.h = h;
	memset(cnt, 0, YAK_N_COUNTS * sizeof(uint64_t));
	CALLOC(a.cnt, n_thread);
	///start 4096 threads
	kt_for(n_thread, worker_ct_hist, &a, 1<<h->pre);
	for (i = 0; i < YAK_N_COUNTS; ++i) cnt[i] = 0;
	for (j = 0; j < n_thread; ++j)
		for (i = 0; i < YAK_N_COUNTS; ++i)
			cnt[i] += a.cnt[j].c[i];
	free(a.cnt);
}

/*** shrink a hash table ***/

typedef struct {
	int min, max;
	ha_ct_t *h;
} shrink_aux_t;

static void worker_ct_shrink(void *data, long i, int tid) // callback for kt_for()
{
	shrink_aux_t *a = (shrink_aux_t*)data;
	ha_ct_t *h = a->h;
	yak_ct_t *g = h->h[i].h, *f;
	khint_t k;
	f = yak_ct_init();
	yak_ct_resize(f, kh_size(g));
	for (k = 0; k < kh_end(g); ++k) {
		if (kh_exist(g, k)) {
			int absent, c = kh_key(g, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
			if (c >= a->min && c <= a->max)
				yak_ct_put(f, kh_key(g, k), &absent);
		}
	}
	yak_ct_destroy(g);
	h->h[i].h = f;
}

static void ha_ct_shrink(ha_ct_t *h, int min, int max, int n_thread)
{
	int i;
	shrink_aux_t a;
	a.h = h, a.min = min, a.max = max;
	///still start 4096 threads
	kt_for(n_thread, worker_ct_shrink, &a, 1<<h->pre);
	for (i = 0, h->tot = 0; i < 1<<h->pre; ++i)
		h->tot += kh_size(h->h[i].h);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f*%.2f] ==> counted %ld distinct minimizer k-mers\n", __func__,
			yak_realtime(), yak_cpu_usage(), (long)h->tot);
}

/***********************
 * Position hash table *
 ***********************/

KHASHL_MAP_INIT(static klib_unused, yak_pt_t, yak_pt, uint64_t, uint64_t, yak_ct_hash, yak_ct_eq)
#define generic_key(x) (x)
KRADIX_SORT_INIT(ha64, uint64_t, generic_key, 8)

typedef struct {
	yak_pt_t *h;
	uint64_t n;
	ha_idxpos_t *a;
	ha_idxposl_t *al;
} ha_pt1_t;

struct ha_pt_s {
	int k, pre;
	uint64_t tot, tot_pos;
	ha_pt1_t *h;
};

typedef struct {
	const ha_ct_t *ct;
	ha_pt_t *pt;
	int is_l;
} pt_gen_aux_t;


static void worker_pt_shrink(void *data, long i, int tid) // callback for kt_for()
{
    ha_pt_t *h = (ha_pt_t*)data;
	ha_pt1_t *b = &h->h[i];
    yak_pt_t *f = NULL;
    khint_t k;
    f = yak_pt_init();
    for (k = 0, b->n = 0; k < kh_end(b->h); ++k) {
        if (kh_exist(b->h, k)) {
			if(kh_val(b->h, k) <= 0) continue;
			int absent; khint_t l;
			l = yak_pt_put(f, (kh_key(b->h, k) >> h->pre) << YAK_COUNTER_BITS, &absent);
			kh_val(f, l) = b->n; 
			b->n += kh_key(b->h, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
        }
    }
    yak_pt_destroy(b->h);
    h->h[i].h = f;
	CALLOC(b->a, b->n);///need fix
}

static uint64_t ha_pt_shrink(ha_pt_t *h, int n_thread)
{
    int i;
	uint64_t occ;
    ///still start 4096 threads
    kt_for(n_thread, worker_pt_shrink, h, 1<<h->pre);
    for (i = 0, occ = 0, h->tot = 0; i < 1<<h->pre; ++i)
	{
		h->tot += kh_size(h->h[i].h);
		occ += h->h[i].n;
	}
	return occ;
}

static void worker_pt_gen(void *data, long i, int tid) // callback for kt_for()
{
	pt_gen_aux_t *a = (pt_gen_aux_t*)data;
	ha_pt1_t *b = &a->pt->h[i];
	yak_ct_t *g = a->ct->h[i].h;
	khint_t k;
	for (k = 0, b->n = 0; k != kh_end(g); ++k) {
		if (kh_exist(g, k)) {
			int absent;
			khint_t l;
			l = yak_pt_put(b->h, kh_key(g, k) >> a->ct->pre << YAK_COUNTER_BITS, &absent);
			///this should be the start index of kh_key's corresponding pos at ha_idxpos_t* a
			kh_val(b->h, l) = b->n;
			b->n += kh_key(g, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
		}
	}
	yak_ct_destroy(g);
	a->ct->h[i].h = 0;
	if(a->is_l) CALLOC(b->al, b->n);
	else CALLOC(b->a, b->n);
}

ha_pt_t *ha_pt_gen(ha_ct_t *ct, int n_thread, int is_l)
{
	pt_gen_aux_t a;
	int i;
	ha_pt_t *pt;
	ha_ct_destroy_bf(ct);
	CALLOC(pt, 1);
	pt->k = ct->k, pt->pre = ct->pre, pt->tot = ct->tot;
	CALLOC(pt->h, 1<<pt->pre);
	for (i = 0; i < 1<<pt->pre; ++i) {
		pt->h[i].h = yak_pt_init();
		yak_pt_resize(pt->h[i].h, kh_size(ct->h[i].h));
	}
	a.ct = ct, a.pt = pt, a.is_l = is_l;
	kt_for(n_thread, worker_pt_gen, &a, 1<<pt->pre);
	free(ct->h); free(ct);
	return pt;
}

static void worker_pt_gen_count(void *data, long i, int tid) // callback for kt_for()
{
	pt_gen_aux_t *a = (pt_gen_aux_t*)data;
	ha_pt1_t *b = &a->pt->h[i];
	yak_ct_t *g = a->ct->h[i].h;
	khint_t k;
	for (k = 0, b->n = 0; k != kh_end(g); ++k) {
		if (kh_exist(g, k)) {
			int absent;
			khint_t l;
			l = yak_pt_put(b->h, kh_key(g, k) >> a->ct->pre << YAK_COUNTER_BITS, &absent);
			kh_val(b->h, l) = 0; kh_key(b->h, l) |= kh_key(g, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
		}
	}
	yak_ct_destroy(g);
	a->ct->h[i].h = 0;
}

ha_pt_t *ha_pt_gen_count(ha_ct_t *ct, int n_thread)
{
	pt_gen_aux_t a;
	int i;
	ha_pt_t *pt;
	ha_ct_destroy_bf(ct);
	CALLOC(pt, 1);
	pt->k = ct->k, pt->pre = ct->pre, pt->tot = ct->tot;
	CALLOC(pt->h, 1<<pt->pre);
	for (i = 0; i < 1<<pt->pre; ++i) {
		pt->h[i].h = yak_pt_init();
		yak_pt_resize(pt->h[i].h, kh_size(ct->h[i].h));
	}
	a.ct = ct, a.pt = pt;
	kt_for(n_thread, worker_pt_gen_count, &a, 1<<pt->pre);
	free(ct->h); free(ct);
	return pt;
}


int ha_pt_insert_list(ha_pt_t *h, int n, const ha_mz1_t *a)
{
	int j, mask = (1<<h->pre) - 1, n_ins = 0;
	ha_pt1_t *g;
	if (n == 0) return 0;
	g = &h->h[a[0].x&mask];
	for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
		uint64_t x = a[j].x >> h->pre;
		khint_t k;
		int n;
		ha_idxpos_t *p;
		assert((a[j].x&mask) == (a[0].x&mask));
		k = yak_pt_get(g->h, x<<YAK_COUNTER_BITS);
		if (k == kh_end(g->h)) continue; // TODO: understand why we sometimes come here
		n = kh_key(g->h, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
		assert(n < YAK_MAX_COUNT);
		p = &g->a[kh_val(g->h, k) + n];
		p->rid = a[j].rid, p->rev = a[j].rev, p->pos = a[j].pos, p->span = a[j].span;
		//(uint64_t)a[j].rid<<36 | (uint64_t)a[j].rev<<35 | (uint64_t)a[j].pos<<8 | (uint64_t)a[j].span;
		++kh_key(g->h, k);
		++n_ins;
	}
	return n_ins;
}


int ha_pt_cnt_insert_list(ha_pt_t *h, int n, const uint64_t *a)
{
	int j, mask = (1<<h->pre) - 1, n_ins = 0;
	ha_pt1_t *g;
	if (n == 0) return 0;
	g = &h->h[a[0]&mask];
	for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
		uint64_t x = a[j] >> h->pre;
		khint_t k;
		assert((a[j]&mask) == (a[0]&mask));
		k = yak_pt_get(g->h, x<<YAK_COUNTER_BITS);
		if (k == kh_end(g->h)) continue; // TODO: understand why we sometimes come here
		++kh_val(g->h, k);
		++n_ins;
	}
	// fprintf(stderr, "n: %d, n_ins: %d\n", n, n_ins);
	return n_ins;
}
/*
static void worker_pt_sort(void *data, long i, int tid)
{
	ha_pt_t *h = (ha_pt_t*)data;
	ha_pt1_t *g = &h->h[i];
	khint_t k;
	for (k = 0; k < kh_end(g->h); ++k) {
		int n;
		uint64_t *p;
		if (!kh_exist(g->h, k)) continue;
		n = kh_key(g->h, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
		p = &g->a[kh_val(g->h, k)];
		radix_sort_ha64(p, p + n);
	}
}

void ha_pt_sort(ha_pt_t *h, int n_thread)
{
	kt_for(n_thread, worker_pt_sort, h, 1<<h->pre);
}
*/
void ha_pt_destroy(ha_pt_t *h)
{
	int i;
	if (h == 0) return;
	for (i = 0; i < 1<<h->pre; ++i) {
		yak_pt_destroy(h->h[i].h);
		if(h->h[i].a){
			free(h->h[i].a); h->h[i].a = NULL;
		}
		if(h->h[i].al){
			free(h->h[i].al); h->h[i].al = NULL;
		}	
	}
	free(h->h); free(h);
}

const ha_idxpos_t *ha_pt_get(const ha_pt_t *h, uint64_t hash, int *n)
{
	khint_t k;
	const ha_pt1_t *g = &h->h[hash & ((1ULL<<h->pre) - 1)];
	*n = 0;
	k = yak_pt_get(g->h, hash >> h->pre << YAK_COUNTER_BITS);
	if (k == kh_end(g->h)) return 0;
	*n = kh_key(g->h, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
	return &g->a[kh_val(g->h, k)];
}

const ha_idxposl_t *ha_ptl_get(const ha_pt_t *h, uint64_t hash, int *n)
{
	khint_t k;
	const ha_pt1_t *g = &h->h[hash & ((1ULL<<h->pre) - 1)];
	*n = 0;
	k = yak_pt_get(g->h, hash >> h->pre << YAK_COUNTER_BITS);
	if (k == kh_end(g->h)) return 0;
	*n = kh_key(g->h, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
	return &g->al[kh_val(g->h, k)];
}

const int ha_pt_cnt(const ha_pt_t *h, uint64_t hash)
{
	khint_t k;
	const ha_pt1_t *g = &h->h[hash & ((1ULL<<h->pre) - 1)];
	k = yak_pt_get(g->h, hash >> h->pre << YAK_COUNTER_BITS);
	if (k == kh_end(g->h)) return 0;
	return kh_key(g->h, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
}

/**********************************
 * Buffer for counting all k-mers *
 **********************************/
KSEQ_INIT(gzFile, gzread)
#define HAF_COUNT_EXACT  0x1
#define HAF_COUNT_ALL    0x2
#define HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN 0x4
#define HAF_RS_WRITE_SEQ 0x8
#define HAF_RS_READ      0x10
#define HAF_CREATE_NEW   0x20
#define HAF_SKIP_READ    0x40
#define HAF_UG_READ      0x80
#define HAF_COUNT_REFINE 0x100

typedef struct { // global data structure for kt_pipeline()
	const yak_copt_t *opt;
	const void *flt_tab;
	int flag, create_new, is_store, uq;
	uint64_t n_mz, n_seq; ///number of total reads
	kseq_t *ks;
	UC_Read ucr;
	ha_ct_t *ct;
	ha_pt_t *pt;
	const All_reads *rs_in;
	All_reads *rs_out;
	const ma_utg_v *us_in;
} pl_data_t;

#define MZ_TEST_INIT(sf, HType, VType, IType, Ia) \
typedef struct {int n, m; uint64_t n_ins; uint64_t *a; HType *b;} sf##_ch_buf_t;\
static inline void sf##_ct_insert_buf(sf##_ch_buf_t *buf, int p, uint64_t y) /** insert a k-mer $y to a linear buffer**/\
{\
	/**assign k-mer to one of the 4096 bins**/\
	/**using low 12 bits for assigning**/\
	/**so all elements at b have the same low 12 bits**/\
	int pre = y & ((1<<p) - 1);\
	sf##_ch_buf_t *b = &buf[pre];\
	if (b->n == b->m) {\
		b->m = b->m < 8? 8 : b->m + (b->m>>1);\
		REALLOC(b->a, b->m);\
	}\
	b->a[b->n++] = y;\
}\
/**buf is the read block, k is the k-mer length, p = 12, len is the read length, seq is the read**/\
static void sf##_count_seq_buf(sf##_ch_buf_t *buf, int k, int p, int len, const char *seq) /**insert k-mers in $seq to linear buffer $buf**/\
{\
	int i, l;\
	uint64_t x[4], mask = (1ULL<<k) - 1, shift = k - 1;\
	for (i = l = 0, x[0] = x[1] = x[2] = x[3] = 0; i < len; ++i) {\
		int c = seq_nt4_table[(uint8_t)seq[i]];\
		/**c = 00, 01, 10, 11**/\
		if (c < 4) { /** not an "N" base**/\
			/**x[0] & x[1] are the forward k-mer**/\
			/**x[2] & x[3] are the reverse complementary k-mer**/\
			x[0] = (x[0] << 1 | (c&1))  & mask;\
			x[1] = (x[1] << 1 | (c>>1)) & mask;\
			x[2] = x[2] >> 1 | (uint64_t)(1 - (c&1))  << shift;\
			x[3] = x[3] >> 1 | (uint64_t)(1 - (c>>1)) << shift;\
			if (++l >= k)\
				sf##_ct_insert_buf(buf, p, yak_hash_long(x));\
		} else l = 0, x[0] = x[1] = x[2] = x[3] = 0; /** if there is an "N", restart**/\
	}\
}\
static void sf##_count_seq_buf_HPC(sf##_ch_buf_t *buf, int k, int p, int len, const char *seq) /**insert k-mers in $seq to linear buffer $buf**/\
{\
	int i, l, last = -1;\
	uint64_t x[4], mask = (1ULL<<k) - 1, shift = k - 1;\
	for (i = l = 0, x[0] = x[1] = x[2] = x[3] = 0; i < len; ++i) {\
		int c = seq_nt4_table[(uint8_t)seq[i]];\
		if (c < 4) { /** not an "N" base**/\
			if (c != last) {\
				x[0] = (x[0] << 1 | (c&1))  & mask;\
				x[1] = (x[1] << 1 | (c>>1)) & mask;\
				x[2] = x[2] >> 1 | (uint64_t)(1 - (c&1))  << shift;\
				x[3] = x[3] >> 1 | (uint64_t)(1 - (c>>1)) << shift;\
				if (++l >= k)\
					sf##_ct_insert_buf(buf, p, yak_hash_long(x));\
				last = c;\
			}\
		} else l = 0, last = -1, x[0] = x[1] = x[2] = x[3] = 0; /**if there is an "N", restart**/\
	}\
}\
int sf##_ha_pt_insert_list(ha_pt_t *h, int n, const HType *a)\
{\
	int j, mask = (1<<h->pre) - 1, n_ins = 0;\
	ha_pt1_t *g;\
	if (n == 0) return 0;\
	g = &h->h[a[0].x&mask];\
	/**fprintf(stderr, "a[0].x&mask: %lu, a[0].x&mask: %lu, n: %d\n", a[0].x&mask, a[0].x, n);**/\
	for (j = 0; j < n; ++j) {\
		uint64_t x = a[j].x >> h->pre;\
		khint_t k;\
		int n;\
		IType *p;\
		assert((a[j].x&mask) == (a[0].x&mask));\
		k = yak_pt_get(g->h, x<<YAK_COUNTER_BITS);\
		if (k == kh_end(g->h)) continue; \
		n = kh_key(g->h, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;\
		/**fprintf(stderr, "j: %d, n: %d\n", j, n);**/\
		assert(n < YAK_MAX_COUNT);\
		p = &g->Ia[kh_val(g->h, k) + n];\
		p->rid = a[j].rid, p->rev = a[j].rev, p->pos = a[j].pos, p->span = a[j].span;\
		/**(uint64_t)a[j].rid<<36 | (uint64_t)a[j].rev<<35 | (uint64_t)a[j].pos<<8 | (uint64_t)a[j].span;**/\
		++kh_key(g->h, k);\
		++n_ins;\
	}\
	return n_ins;\
}\
/** data structure for each step in kt_pipeline()**/\
typedef struct {pl_data_t *p;uint64_t n_seq0; int n_seq, m_seq, sum_len, nk, uq, *len; char **seq; VType *mz_buf; VType *mz;sf##_ch_buf_t *buf;st_mt_t *mt;} sf##_st_data_t;\
static void sf##_worker_for_insert(void *data, long i, int tid) /** callback for kt_for()**/\
{\
	sf##_st_data_t *s = (sf##_st_data_t*)data;\
	sf##_ch_buf_t *b = &s->buf[i];\
	if (s->p->pt){\
		if(s->p->flag&HAF_COUNT_REFINE) b->n_ins += ha_pt_cnt_insert_list(s->p->pt, b->n, b->a);\
		else b->n_ins += sf##_ha_pt_insert_list(s->p->pt, b->n, b->b);\
	}else{\
		b->n_ins += ha_ct_insert_list(s->p->ct, s->p->create_new, b->n, b->a);\
	}\
}\
static void sf##_worker_for_mz(void *data, long i, int tid)\
{\
	sf##_st_data_t *s = (sf##_st_data_t*)data;\
	/**get the corresponding minimzer vector of this read**/\
	VType *b = &s->mz_buf[tid];\
	s->mz_buf[tid].n = 0;\
	sf##_ha_sketch(s->seq[i], s->len[i], s->p->opt->w, s->p->opt->k, s->n_seq0 + i, s->p->opt->is_HPC, b, s->p->flt_tab, asm_opt.mz_sample_dist, 0, 0, \
	(s->p->pt&&(s->p->flag&HAF_COUNT_REFINE))?s->p->pt:NULL, s->p->opt->min_rcnt, asm_opt.dp_min_len, asm_opt.dp_e, &(s->mt[tid]), asm_opt.mz_rewin, s->uq, NULL);\
	s->mz[i].n = s->mz[i].m = b->n;\
	MALLOC(s->mz[i].a, b->n);\
	MEMCPY(s->mz[i].a, b->a, b->n);\
}\
static inline void sf##_pt_insert_buf(sf##_ch_buf_t *buf, int p, const HType *y){\
	/**assign minimizer to one of 4096 bins by low 12 bits**/\
	int pre = y->x & ((1<<p) - 1);\
	sf##_ch_buf_t *b = &buf[pre];\
	if (b->n == b->m) {\
		b->m = b->m < 8? 8 : b->m + (b->m>>1);\
		REALLOC(b->b, b->m);\
	}\
	b->b[b->n++] = *y;\
}\
static void *sf##_worker_count(void *data, int step, void *in) /** callback for kt_pipeline()**/\
{\
	pl_data_t *p = (pl_data_t*)data;\
	/**uint8_t src_a[1000000], des_a[1000000];**/\
	if (step == 0) { /** step 1: read a block of sequences**/\
		int ret;\
		sf##_st_data_t *s;\
		CALLOC(s, 1);\
		s->p = p;\
		s->n_seq0 = p->n_seq;\
		s->uq = p->opt->uq;\
		if (p->rs_in && (p->flag & HAF_RS_READ)) {\
			while (p->n_seq < p->rs_in->total_reads) {\
				if ((p->flag & HAF_SKIP_READ) && p->rs_in->trio_flag[p->n_seq] != AMBIGU) {\
					++p->n_seq;\
					continue;\
				}\
				int l;\
				recover_UC_Read(&p->ucr, p->rs_in, p->n_seq);\
				l = p->ucr.length;\
				if (s->n_seq == s->m_seq) {\
					s->m_seq = s->m_seq < 16? 16 : s->m_seq + (s->m_seq>>1);\
					REALLOC(s->len, s->m_seq);\
					REALLOC(s->seq, s->m_seq);\
				}\
				MALLOC(s->seq[s->n_seq], l);\
				memcpy(s->seq[s->n_seq], p->ucr.seq, l);\
				s->len[s->n_seq++] = l;\
				++p->n_seq;\
				s->sum_len += l;\
				s->nk += l >= p->opt->k? l - p->opt->k + 1 : 0;\
				if (s->sum_len >= p->opt->chunk_size)\
					break;\
			}\
		} else if(p->us_in) {\
			ma_utg_t *u;\
			while (p->n_seq < p->us_in->n) {\
				u = &(p->us_in->a[p->n_seq]);\
				if (s->n_seq == s->m_seq) {\
					s->m_seq = s->m_seq < 16? 16 : s->m_seq + (s->m_seq>>1);\
					REALLOC(s->len, s->m_seq);\
					REALLOC(s->seq, s->m_seq);\
				}\
				MALLOC(s->seq[s->n_seq], u->len);\
				if(u->s) memcpy(s->seq[s->n_seq], u->s, u->len);\
				else retrieve_u_seq(NULL, s->seq[s->n_seq], u, 0, 0, -1, NULL);\
				s->len[s->n_seq++] = u->len;\
				++p->n_seq;\
				s->sum_len += u->len;\
				s->nk += u->len >= p->opt->k? u->len - p->opt->k + 1 : 0;\
				if (s->sum_len >= p->opt->chunk_size)\
					break;\
			}\
		} else {\
			while ((ret = kseq_read(p->ks)) >= 0) {\
				int l = (int)(p->ks->seq.l) - (int)(p->opt->adaLen) - (int)(p->opt->adaLen);\
				if(l <= 0) continue;\
				if (p->n_seq >= 1<<28) {\
					fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: this implementation supports no more than %d reads\n", 1<<28);\
					exit(1);\
				}\
				if (p->rs_out) {\
					/**for 0-th count, just insert read length to R_INF, instead of read**/\
					if (p->flag & HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN) {\
						assert(p->n_seq == p->rs_out->total_reads);\
						ha_insert_read_len(p->rs_out, l, p->ks->name.l);\
					} else if (p->flag & HAF_RS_WRITE_SEQ) {\
						int i, n_N;\
						assert(l == (int)p->rs_out->read_length[p->n_seq]);\
						for (i = n_N = 0; i < l; ++i) /** count number of ambiguous bases**/\
							if (seq_nt4_table[(uint8_t)p->ks->seq.s[i+p->opt->adaLen]] >= 4)\
								++n_N;\
						ha_compress_base(Get_READ(*p->rs_out, p->n_seq), p->ks->seq.s+p->opt->adaLen, l, &p->rs_out->N_site[p->n_seq], n_N);\
						memcpy(&p->rs_out->name[p->rs_out->name_index[p->n_seq]], p->ks->name.s, p->ks->name.l);\
						if(p->rs_out->rsc) {\
							ha_compress_qual(Get_QUAL(*p->rs_out, p->n_seq), p->ks->qual.s+p->opt->adaLen, l, sc_bn, 33);\
							/**print_fastq(NULL, p->ks->name.s, p->ks->seq.s, p->ks->qual.s, (1<<sc_bn), 33);**/\
							/**if(l <= 1000000) {\
								convert_qual(src_a, p->ks->qual.s+p->opt->adaLen, l, (1<<sc_bn), 0, 33);\
								retrive_bqual(NULL, des_a, p->n_seq, -1, -1, 0, sc_bn);\
								if(memcmp(src_a, des_a, l)!=0) fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: incorrect qual values\n");\
								else fprintf(stderr, "Correct: correct qual values\n");\
							}**/\
						}\
					}\
				}\
				if (s->n_seq == s->m_seq) {\
					s->m_seq = s->m_seq < 16? 16 : s->m_seq + (s->m_seq>>1);\
					REALLOC(s->len, s->m_seq);\
					REALLOC(s->seq, s->m_seq);\
				}\
				MALLOC(s->seq[s->n_seq], l);\
				memcpy(s->seq[s->n_seq], p->ks->seq.s+p->opt->adaLen, l);\
				s->len[s->n_seq++] = l;\
				++p->n_seq;\
				s->sum_len += l;\
				s->nk += l >= p->opt->k? l - p->opt->k + 1 : 0;\
				/**p->opt->chunk_size is the block max size**/\
				if (s->sum_len >= p->opt->chunk_size)\
					break;\
			}\
		}\
		if (s->sum_len == 0) free(s);\
		else return s;\
	} else if (step == 1) { /** step 2: extract k-mers**/\
		/**s is the block of reads**/\
		sf##_st_data_t *s = (sf##_st_data_t*)in;\
		int i, n_pre = 1<<p->opt->pre, m;\
		/**allocate the k-mer buffer**/\
		CALLOC(s->buf, n_pre);\
		m = (int)(s->nk * 1.2 / n_pre) + 1;\
		/**pre-allocate memory for each of 4096 buffer**/\
		for (i = 0; i < n_pre; ++i) {\
			s->buf[i].m = m;\
			/**for 0-th counting, p->pt = NULL**/\
			if (p->pt && !(p->flag&HAF_COUNT_REFINE)) MALLOC(s->buf[i].b, m);\
			else MALLOC(s->buf[i].a, m);\
		}\
		if (p->opt->w == 1) { /** enumerate all k-mers**/\
			int i;\
			for (i = 0; i < s->n_seq; ++i) {\
				if (p->opt->is_HPC)\
					sf##_count_seq_buf_HPC(s->buf, p->opt->k, p->opt->pre, s->len[i], s->seq[i]);\
				else\
					sf##_count_seq_buf(s->buf, p->opt->k, p->opt->pre, s->len[i], s->seq[i]);\
				if (!p->is_store) free(s->seq[i]);\
			}\
		} else { /** minimizers only**/\
			uint32_t j;\
			/**s->n_seq is how many reads at this buffer**/\
			/**s->mz && s->mz_buf are lists of minimzer vectors**/\
			CALLOC(s->mz, s->n_seq), CALLOC(s->mz_buf, p->opt->n_thread), CALLOC(s->mt, p->opt->n_thread);\
			/**calculate minimzers for each read, each read corresponds to one thread**/\
			kt_for(p->opt->n_thread, sf##_worker_for_mz, s, s->n_seq);\
			for (i = 0; i < p->opt->n_thread; ++i) free(s->mt[i].a), free(s->mz_buf[i].a);\
			free(s->mt), free(s->mz_buf);\
			/**insert minimizers**/\
			if (p->pt && !(p->flag&HAF_COUNT_REFINE)) {/**insert whole minimizer**/\
				for (i = 0; i < s->n_seq; ++i)\
					for (j = 0; j < s->mz[i].n; ++j)\
						sf##_pt_insert_buf(s->buf, p->opt->pre, &s->mz[i].a[j]);\
			} else {/**just insert the hash key of minimizer**/\
				for (i = 0; i < s->n_seq; ++i)\
					for (j = 0; j < s->mz[i].n; ++j)\
						sf##_ct_insert_buf(s->buf, p->opt->pre, s->mz[i].a[j].x);\
			}\
			for (i = 0; i < s->n_seq; ++i) {\
				p->n_mz += s->mz[i].n;\
				free(s->mz[i].a);\
				if (!p->is_store) free(s->seq[i]);\
			}\
			free(s->mz);\
		}\
		/**just clean seq**/\
		free(s->seq); free(s->len);\
		s->seq = 0, s->len = 0;\
		return s;\
	} else if (step == 2) { /** step 3: insert k-mers to hash table**/\
		sf##_st_data_t *s = (sf##_st_data_t*)in;\
		int i, n = 1<<p->opt->pre;uint64_t n_ins = 0;\
		/**for 0-th counting, p->pt = NULL**/\
		kt_for(p->opt->n_thread, sf##_worker_for_insert, s, n);\
		/**n_ins is number of distinct k-mers**/\
		for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {\
			n_ins += s->buf[i].n_ins;\
			if (p->pt && !(p->flag&HAF_COUNT_REFINE)) free(s->buf[i].b);\
			else free(s->buf[i].a);\
		}\
		if (p->ct) p->ct->tot += n_ins, p->ct->bs += s->sum_len;\
		if (p->pt) p->pt->tot_pos += n_ins;\
		free(s->buf);\
		free(s);\
	}\
	return 0;\
}

MZ_TEST_INIT(mz1, ha_mz1_t, ha_mz1_v, ha_idxpos_t, a)
MZ_TEST_INIT(mz2, ha_mzl_t, ha_mzl_v, ha_idxposl_t, al)


void debug_adapter(const hifiasm_opt_t *asm_opt, All_reads *rs)
{
	int ret;
    uint32_t i, m, pass, unpass;
    gzFile fp = 0;
    kseq_t *ks = NULL;
	UC_Read ucr;
	init_UC_Read(&ucr);

    for (i = m = pass = unpass = 0; i < (uint32_t)asm_opt->num_reads; ++i)
    {
		if ((fp = gzopen(asm_opt->read_file_names[i], "r")) == 0) continue;
		ks = kseq_init(fp);
		while ((ret = kseq_read(ks)) >= 0) 
		{
			int l = ks->seq.l;
			if((l - asm_opt->adapterLen*2) <= 0) continue;
			recover_UC_Read(&ucr, rs, m);
			fprintf(stderr, "l: %d, ucr.length: %lld, asm_opt->adapterLen: %d\n", 
			l, ucr.length, asm_opt->adapterLen);
			if(memcmp(ucr.seq, ks->seq.s+asm_opt->adapterLen, ucr.length) == 0)
			{
				pass++;
			}
			else
			{
				unpass++;
			}
			m++;
		}
        kseq_destroy(ks);
        gzclose(fp);
		ks = NULL;
		fp = 0;
    }

	destory_UC_Read(&ucr);

	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::# reads: %u, # pass: %u, # unpass: %u\n]", __func__, m, pass, unpass);
	exit(1);
}

static ha_ct_t *yak_count(const yak_copt_t *opt, const char *fn, int flag, ha_pt_t *p0, ha_ct_t *c0, const void *flt_tab, All_reads *rs, ma_utg_v *us, int64_t *n_seq)
{
	///for 0-th counting, flag = HAF_COUNT_ALL|HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN|HAF_CREATE_NEW
	int read_rs = (rs && (flag & HAF_RS_READ));
	int ug_rs = (us && (flag & HAF_UG_READ));
	pl_data_t pl;
	gzFile fp = 0;
	memset(&pl, 0, sizeof(pl_data_t));
	pl.n_seq = *n_seq; 
	if(ug_rs) {
		pl.us_in = us;
	} else if (read_rs) {
		pl.rs_in = rs;
		init_UC_Read(&pl.ucr);
	} else {///for 0-th counting, go into here
		if ((fp = gzopen(fn, "r")) == 0) return 0;
		pl.ks = kseq_init(fp);
	}
	///for 0-th counting, read all reads into pl.rs_out
	if (rs && (flag & (HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN|HAF_RS_WRITE_SEQ)))
		pl.rs_out = rs;
	///for 0-th counting, flt_tab = NULL
	///for 1-th counting, flt_tab = NULL
	pl.flt_tab = flt_tab;
	pl.opt = opt;
	pl.flag = flag;
	if (p0) {///for 1-th counting, p0 = NULL
		pl.pt = p0, pl.create_new = 0; // never create new elements in a position table
		assert(p0->k == opt->k && p0->pre == opt->pre);
	} else if (c0) {
		pl.ct = c0, pl.create_new = !!(flag&HAF_CREATE_NEW);
		assert(c0->k == opt->k && c0->pre == opt->pre);
	} else {///for ft-th counting and 1-th counting, go into here
		pl.create_new = 1; // alware create new elements if the count table is empty
		///for 0-th counting, opt.k = 51, opt->pre = 12, opt->bf_n_hash = 4, opt.bf_shift = 37
		///for 1-th counting, opt.k = 51, opt->pre = 12, opt->bf_n_hash = 4, opt.bf_shift = 0
		///building a large hash table consisting of 4096 small hash tables
		pl.ct = ha_ct_init(opt->k, opt->pre, opt->bf_n_hash, opt->bf_shift);
	}
	if(pl.ct) pl.ct->bs = 0;
	if(ug_rs) kt_pipeline(3, mz2_worker_count, &pl, 3);
	else kt_pipeline(3, mz1_worker_count, &pl, 3);
	if (read_rs) {
		destory_UC_Read(&pl.ucr);
	} else if(!read_rs && !ug_rs) {
		kseq_destroy(pl.ks);
		gzclose(fp);
	}
	*n_seq = pl.n_seq;
	if (pl.opt->w > 1) fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] collected %ld minimizers\n", __func__, (long)pl.n_mz);
	return pl.ct;
}

ha_ct_t *ha_count(const hifiasm_opt_t *asm_o, int flag, int HPC, int k, int w, ha_pt_t *p0, const void *flt_tab, All_reads *rs, ma_utg_v *us, int keep_adapter, int *low_freq, int unique_only)
{
	int i;
	int64_t n_seq = 0;
	uint64_t n_bs = 0;
	yak_copt_t opt;
	ha_ct_t *h = 0;
	assert(!(flag & HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN) || !(flag & HAF_RS_WRITE_SEQ)); // not both
	///for 0-th counting, flag = HAF_COUNT_ALL|HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN
	if (rs) {
		if (flag & HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN)
			init_All_reads(rs);
		else if (flag & HAF_RS_WRITE_SEQ)
			malloc_All_reads(rs);
	}
	yak_copt_init(&opt);
	opt.k = k;
	opt.is_HPC = HPC;
	///for ft-counting, shoud be 1
	opt.w = flag & HAF_COUNT_ALL? 1 : w;
	///for ft-counting, shoud be 37
	///for ha_pt_gen, shoud be 0
	opt.bf_shift = flag & HAF_COUNT_EXACT? 0 : asm_o->bf_shift;
	opt.n_thread = asm_o->thread_num;
	opt.adaLen = (keep_adapter? asm_o->adapterLen : 0);
	opt.min_rcnt = (low_freq?*low_freq:-1);
	opt.uq = (unique_only?1:0);
	///asm_opt->num_reads is the number of fastq files
	for (i = n_bs = 0; i < (us?1:asm_o->num_reads); ++i){
		h = yak_count(&opt, asm_o->read_file_names[i], flag|HAF_CREATE_NEW, p0, h, flt_tab, rs, us, &n_seq);
		if(h) n_bs += h->bs;
	}
	if(h) h->bs = n_bs;	
	if (h && opt.bf_shift > 0)
		ha_ct_destroy_bf(h);
	return h;
}

/***************************
 * High count filter table *
 ***************************/

// Warning: the max count is 32767
KHASHL_MAP_INIT(static klib_unused, yak_ft_t, yak_ft, uint64_t, int16_t, kh_hash_dummy, kh_eq_generic)

static yak_ft_t *gen_hh(const ha_ct_t *h, int max_cnt)
{
	int i;
	yak_ft_t *hh;
	if (max_cnt > YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1) max_cnt = YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1;
	if (max_cnt > INT16_MAX - 1) max_cnt = INT16_MAX - 1;
	hh = yak_ft_init();
	yak_ft_resize(hh, h->tot * 2);
	for (i = 0; i < 1<<h->pre; ++i) {
		yak_ct_t *ht = h->h[i].h;
		khint_t k, l;
		for (k = 0; k < kh_end(ht); ++k) {
			if (kh_exist(ht, k)) {
				uint64_t y = kh_key(ht, k) >> h->pre << YAK_COUNTER_BITS | i;
				int absent;
				l = yak_ft_put(hh, y, &absent);
				if (absent) {
					int cnt = kh_key(ht, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
					kh_val(hh, l) = cnt > max_cnt? INT16_MAX : cnt;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return hh;
}

int32_t ha_ft_cnt(const void *hh, uint64_t y)
{
	yak_ft_t *h = (yak_ft_t*)hh;
	khint_t k;
	k = yak_ft_get(h, y);
	return k == kh_end(h)? 0 : kh_val(h, k) == INT16_MAX? INT32_MAX : kh_val(h, k);
}

void ha_ft_destroy(void *h)
{
	if (h) yak_ft_destroy((yak_ft_t*)h);
}


void debug_ct_index(void* q_ct_idx, void* r_ct_idx)
{
	ha_ct_t* ct_idx = (ha_ct_t*)q_ct_idx;
	yak_ct_t *g = NULL;
	uint64_t i;
	khint_t k;
	for (i = 0; (int)i < 1<<ct_idx->pre; i++)
	{
		g = ct_idx->h[i].h;
		for (k = 0; k < kh_end(g); ++k) 
		{
			if (kh_exist(g, k)) 
			{
				int c = kh_key(g, k) & YAK_MAX_COUNT;
				uint64_t hash = ((kh_key(g, k) >> ct_idx->pre)<<ct_idx->pre) | i;
				int q = query_ct_index(r_ct_idx, hash);
				if(q!=c)
				{
					fprintf(stderr, "ERROR:c: %d, q: %d\n", c, q);
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

/*************************
 * High-level interfaces *
 *************************/
void *ha_ft_ul_gen(const hifiasm_opt_t *asm_opt, ma_utg_v *us, int k, int w, int cutoff)
{
	yak_ft_t *flt_tab;
    ha_ct_t *h;
	///HAF_COUNT_EXACT ---> no bf; HAF_COUNT_ALL ---> no minimizer
	h = ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_ALL|HAF_UG_READ, !(asm_opt->flag&HA_F_NO_HPC), k, w, NULL, NULL, NULL, us, 0, NULL, 0);
	
	// cutoff = (int)(asm_opt->hom_cov * asm_opt->high_factor);
    if (cutoff > YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1) cutoff = YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1;
	// fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::] cutoff->%d\n\n", __func__, cutoff);
	ha_ct_shrink(h, cutoff, YAK_MAX_COUNT, asm_opt->thread_num);
	flt_tab = gen_hh(h, asm_opt->max_kmer_cnt);
	ha_ct_destroy(h);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f*%.2f@%.3fGB] ==> filtered out %ld k-mers occurring %d or more times\n", __func__,
            yak_realtime(), yak_cpu_usage(), yak_peakrss_in_gb(), (long)kh_size(flt_tab), cutoff);
	return (void*)flt_tab;
}

void *ha_ft_ug_gen(const hifiasm_opt_t *asm_opt, ma_utg_v *us, int is_HPC, int k, int w, int min_freq, int max_freq)
{
	yak_ft_t *flt_tab;
	ha_ct_t *h;
	///HAF_COUNT_EXACT ---> no bf; HAF_COUNT_ALL ---> no minimizer
	h = ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_ALL|HAF_UG_READ|HAF_COUNT_EXACT, is_HPC, k, w, NULL, NULL, NULL, us, 0, NULL, 0);
	ha_ct_shrink(h, min_freq, max_freq>YAK_MAX_COUNT-1?YAK_MAX_COUNT-1:max_freq, asm_opt->thread_num);
	flt_tab = gen_hh(h, YAK_MAX_COUNT);
	ha_ct_destroy(h);
	return (void*)flt_tab;
}

void *ha_ft_gen(const hifiasm_opt_t *asm_opt, All_reads *rs, int *hom_cov, int is_hp_mode, int read_from_store)
{
	yak_ft_t *flt_tab;
	int64_t cnt[YAK_N_COUNTS];
	int peak_hom, peak_het, cutoff = YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1, ex_flag = 0;
	if(is_hp_mode) ex_flag = HAF_RS_READ|HAF_SKIP_READ;
	ha_ct_t *h; 
	h = ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_ALL|ex_flag|((read_from_store)?(HAF_RS_READ):(HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN)), !(asm_opt->flag&HA_F_NO_HPC), asm_opt->k_mer_length, asm_opt->mz_win, NULL, NULL, rs, NULL, 1, NULL, 0);
	if((asm_opt->flag & HA_F_VERBOSE_GFA))
	{
		write_ct_index((void*)h, asm_opt->output_file_name);
		// load_ct_index(&ha_ct_table, asm_opt->output_file_name);
		// debug_ct_index((void*)h, ha_ct_table);
		// debug_ct_index(ha_ct_table, (void*)h);
		// ha_ct_destroy((ha_ct_t *)ha_ct_table);
	}
	
	if(!(ex_flag & HAF_SKIP_READ))
	{
		ha_ct_hist(h, cnt, asm_opt->thread_num);
		peak_hom = ha_analyze_count(YAK_N_COUNTS, asm_opt->min_hist_kmer_cnt, asm_opt->hg_size>0?(h->bs/asm_opt->hg_size):(-1), cnt, &peak_het);
		if (hom_cov) *hom_cov = peak_hom;
		if (peak_hom > 0) fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] peak_hom: %d; peak_het: %d\n", __func__, peak_hom, peak_het);
		///in default, asm_opt->high_factor = 5.0
		cutoff = (int)(peak_hom * asm_opt->high_factor);
		if (cutoff > YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1) cutoff = YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1;
	}
	ha_ct_shrink(h, cutoff, YAK_MAX_COUNT, asm_opt->thread_num);
	flt_tab = gen_hh(h, asm_opt->max_kmer_cnt);
	ha_ct_destroy(h);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f*%.2f@%.3fGB] ==> filtered out %ld k-mers occurring %d or more times\n", __func__,
			yak_realtime(), yak_cpu_usage(), yak_peakrss_in_gb(), (long)kh_size(flt_tab), cutoff);
	return (void*)flt_tab;
}

ha_pt_t *ha_pt_ul_gen(const hifiasm_opt_t *asm_opt, const void *flt_tab, ma_utg_v *us, int k, int w, int cutoff)
{
	ha_ct_t *ct;
	ha_pt_t *pt;
	///HAF_COUNT_EXACT: no bf
	ct = ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_EXACT|HAF_UG_READ, !(asm_opt->flag&HA_F_NO_HPC), k, w, NULL, flt_tab, NULL, us, 0, NULL, 0);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f*%.2f] ==> counted %ld distinct minimizer k-mers\n", __func__,
			yak_realtime(), yak_cpu_usage(), (long)ct->tot);
	///minimizer with YAK_MAX_COUNT occ may apper > YAK_MAX_COUNT times, so it may lead to overflow at ha_pt_gen
	if (flt_tab == 0) {
        if (cutoff > YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1) cutoff = YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1;
        ha_ct_shrink(ct, /**2**/1, cutoff, asm_opt->thread_num);
    } else {
        ///Note: here is just to remove minimizer appearing YAK_MAX_COUNT times
        ///minimizer with YAK_MAX_COUNT occ may apper > YAK_MAX_COUNT times, so it may lead to overflow at ha_pt_gen
        ha_ct_shrink(ct, /**2**/1, YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1, asm_opt->thread_num);
    }
	
	pt = ha_pt_gen(ct, asm_opt->thread_num, 1);
	ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_EXACT|HAF_UG_READ, !(asm_opt->flag&HA_F_NO_HPC), k, w, pt, flt_tab, NULL, us, 0, NULL, 0);
	//ha_pt_sort(pt, asm_opt->thread_num);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f*%.2f] ==> indexed %ld positions\n", __func__,
			yak_realtime(), yak_cpu_usage(), (long)pt->tot_pos);
	return pt;
}

ha_pt_t *ha_pt_ug_gen(const hifiasm_opt_t *asm_opt, const void *flt_tab, ma_utg_v *us, int is_HPC, int k, int w, int min_freq)
{
	ha_ct_t *ct;
	ha_pt_t *pt;
	///HAF_COUNT_EXACT: no bf
	ct = ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_EXACT|HAF_UG_READ, is_HPC, k, w, NULL, flt_tab, NULL, us, 0, NULL, 1);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f*%.2f] ==> counted %ld distinct minimizer k-mers\n", __func__,
			yak_realtime(), yak_cpu_usage(), (long)ct->tot);
	///minimizer with YAK_MAX_COUNT occ may apper > YAK_MAX_COUNT times, so it may lead to overflow at ha_pt_gen
	ha_ct_shrink(ct, min_freq, YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1, asm_opt->thread_num);

	pt = ha_pt_gen(ct, asm_opt->thread_num, 1);
	ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_EXACT|HAF_UG_READ, is_HPC, k, w, pt, flt_tab, NULL, us, 0, NULL, 1);
	//ha_pt_sort(pt, asm_opt->thread_num);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f*%.2f] ==> indexed %ld positions\n", __func__,
			yak_realtime(), yak_cpu_usage(), (long)pt->tot_pos);
	return pt;
}

ha_pt_t *ha_pt_gen_dp(const hifiasm_opt_t *asm_opt, ha_ct_t *ct, int flag, int n_thread, const void *flt_tab, All_reads *rs, int peak_hom, int peak_het)
{
	int low_freq = mz_low_b(peak_hom, peak_het);
	ha_pt_t *pt = ha_pt_gen_count(ct, n_thread); ///key = cnt, val = 0
	ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_EXACT|HAF_COUNT_REFINE|flag, !(asm_opt->flag&HA_F_NO_HPC), asm_opt->k_mer_length, asm_opt->mz_win, pt, flt_tab, rs, NULL, 1, &low_freq, 0);
	uint64_t occ = ha_pt_shrink(pt, n_thread);
	if(flag&HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN) flag -= HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN;
	if(flag&HAF_RS_WRITE_SEQ) flag -= HAF_RS_WRITE_SEQ;
	flag |= HAF_RS_READ; pt->tot_pos = 0;
	ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_EXACT|flag, !(asm_opt->flag&HA_F_NO_HPC), asm_opt->k_mer_length, asm_opt->mz_win, pt, flt_tab, rs, NULL, 1, NULL, 0);
	// fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::] counted %lu distinct minimizer k-mers\n", __func__, pt->tot);
	// fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::] collected %lu minimizers\n\n\n", __func__, pt->tot_pos);
	assert(occ == pt->tot_pos);
	return pt;
}

ha_pt_t *ha_pt_gen(const hifiasm_opt_t *asm_opt, const void *flt_tab, int read_from_store, int is_hp_mode, All_reads *rs, int *hom_cov, int *het_cov)
{
	int64_t cnt[YAK_N_COUNTS], tot_cnt;
	int peak_hom, peak_het, i, extra_flag1, extra_flag2;
	ha_ct_t *ct;
	ha_pt_t *pt;
	if (read_from_store) {///if reads have already been read
		extra_flag1 = extra_flag2 = HAF_RS_READ;
	} else if (rs->total_reads == 0) {///if reads & length have not been scanned
		extra_flag1 = HAF_RS_WRITE_LEN;
		extra_flag2 = HAF_RS_WRITE_SEQ;
	} else {///if length has been loaded but reads have not
		extra_flag1 = HAF_RS_WRITE_SEQ;
		extra_flag2 = HAF_RS_READ;
	}
	if(is_hp_mode) extra_flag1 |= HAF_SKIP_READ, extra_flag2 |= HAF_SKIP_READ;

	ct = ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_EXACT|extra_flag1,  !(asm_opt->flag&HA_F_NO_HPC), asm_opt->k_mer_length, asm_opt->mz_win, NULL, flt_tab, rs, NULL, 1, NULL, 0);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f*%.2f] ==> counted %ld distinct minimizer k-mers\n", __func__,
			yak_realtime(), yak_cpu_usage(), (long)ct->tot);
	ha_ct_hist(ct, cnt, asm_opt->thread_num);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] count[%d] = %ld (for sanity check)\n", __func__, YAK_MAX_COUNT, (long)cnt[YAK_MAX_COUNT]);
	peak_hom = ha_analyze_count(YAK_N_COUNTS, asm_opt->min_hist_kmer_cnt, asm_opt->hg_size>0?(ct->bs/asm_opt->hg_size):(-1), cnt, &peak_het);
	if (hom_cov) *hom_cov = peak_hom;
	if (het_cov) *het_cov = peak_het;
	if (peak_hom > 0) fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] peak_hom: %d; peak_het: %d\n", __func__, peak_hom, peak_het);
	///here ha_ct_shrink is mostly used to remove k-mer appearing only 1 time
	if (flt_tab == 0) {
		int cutoff = (int)(peak_hom * asm_opt->high_factor);
		if (cutoff > YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1) cutoff = YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1;
		if((extra_flag1 & HAF_SKIP_READ) && (extra_flag2 & HAF_SKIP_READ)) cutoff = YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1;
		ha_ct_shrink(ct, 2, cutoff, asm_opt->thread_num);
		for (i = 2, tot_cnt = 0; i <= cutoff; ++i) tot_cnt += cnt[i] * i;
	} else {
		///Note: here is just to remove minimizer appearing YAK_MAX_COUNT times
		///minimizer with YAK_MAX_COUNT occ may apper > YAK_MAX_COUNT times, so it may lead to overflow at ha_pt_gen
		ha_ct_shrink(ct, 2, YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1, asm_opt->thread_num);
		for (i = 2, tot_cnt = 0; i <= YAK_MAX_COUNT - 1; ++i) tot_cnt += cnt[i] * i;
	}
	if(!(asm_opt->flag & HA_F_FAST))
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::] counting in normal mode\n", __func__);
		pt = ha_pt_gen(ct, asm_opt->thread_num, 0);
		ha_count(asm_opt, HAF_COUNT_EXACT|extra_flag2,  !(asm_opt->flag&HA_F_NO_HPC), asm_opt->k_mer_length, asm_opt->mz_win, pt, flt_tab, rs, NULL, 1, NULL, 0);
		assert((uint64_t)tot_cnt == pt->tot_pos);
	}
	else
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::] counting in fast mode\n", __func__);
		pt = ha_pt_gen_dp(asm_opt, ct, HAF_COUNT_EXACT|extra_flag2, asm_opt->thread_num, flt_tab, rs, peak_hom, peak_het);
	}
	//ha_pt_sort(pt, asm_opt->thread_num);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f*%.2f] ==> indexed %ld positions, counted %ld distinct minimizer k-mers\n", __func__,
			yak_realtime(), yak_cpu_usage(), (long)pt->tot_pos, (long)pt->tot);
	return pt;
}

int query_ct_index(void* ct_idx, uint64_t hash)
{
	ha_ct1_t *g = &(((ha_ct_t*)ct_idx)->h[hash & ((1ULL<<((ha_ct_t*)ct_idx)->pre) - 1)]);
	khint_t k;
	k = yak_ct_get(g->h, hash);
	if (k == kh_end(g->h)) return 0;
	return ((kh_key(g->h, k)&YAK_MAX_COUNT)==YAK_MAX_COUNT)?-1:(kh_key(g->h, k)&YAK_MAX_COUNT);
}

int write_ct_index(void *i_ct_idx, char* file_name)
{
	char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(file_name)+25);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.ct_flt", file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
	if (!fp) {
		free(gfa_name);
        return 0;
    }
	ha_ct_t* ct_idx = (ha_ct_t*)i_ct_idx;
	int i;
	ha_ct1_t *g;
	fwrite(&ct_idx->k, sizeof(ct_idx->k), 1, fp);
	fwrite(&ct_idx->pre, sizeof(ct_idx->pre), 1, fp);
	fwrite(&ct_idx->n_hash, sizeof(ct_idx->n_hash), 1, fp);
	fwrite(&ct_idx->n_shift, sizeof(ct_idx->n_shift), 1, fp);
	fwrite(&ct_idx->tot, sizeof(ct_idx->tot), 1, fp);
	for (i = 0; i < 1<<ct_idx->pre; i++)
	{
		g = &(ct_idx->h[i]);
		yak_ct_save(g->h, fp);
	}


	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] Index has been written.\n", __func__);
    free(gfa_name);
	fclose(fp);
	return 1;
}

int load_ct_index(void **i_ct_idx, char* file_name)
{
	char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(file_name)+25);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.ct_flt", file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(gfa_name, "r");
	if (!fp) {
		free(gfa_name);
        return 0;
    }
	ha_ct_t** ct_idx = (ha_ct_t**)i_ct_idx;
	double index_time = 0;
	uint64_t flag = 0;
	int i;
	ha_ct_t *h = 0;
	ha_ct1_t *g;
	CALLOC(h, 1);

	flag += fread(&h->k, sizeof(h->k), 1, fp);
	flag += fread(&h->pre, sizeof(h->pre), 1, fp);
	flag += fread(&h->n_hash, sizeof(h->n_hash), 1, fp);
	flag += fread(&h->n_shift, sizeof(h->n_shift), 1, fp);
	flag += fread(&h->tot, sizeof(h->tot), 1, fp);
	CALLOC(h->h, 1<<h->pre);


	index_time = yak_realtime();
	for (i = 0; i < 1<<h->pre; ++i) 
	{
		g = &(h->h[i]);
		yak_ct_load(&(g->h), fp);
	}

	(*ct_idx) = h;
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f] ==> Loaded count table\n", __func__, yak_realtime() - index_time);
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] Index has been loaded.\n", __func__);
	free(gfa_name);
	return 1;
}

int write_pt_index(void *flt_tab, ha_pt_t *ha_idx, All_reads* r, hifiasm_opt_t* opt, char* file_name)
{
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(file_name)+64);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.pt_flt", file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
	if (!fp) {
		free(gfa_name);
        return 0;
    }
	yak_ft_t *ha_flt_tab = (yak_ft_t*)flt_tab;

	if(ha_flt_tab)
	{
		fwrite("f", 1, 1, fp);
		yak_ft_save(ha_flt_tab, fp);
	}


	if(ha_idx)
	{
		int i;
		ha_pt1_t *g;
		fwrite("h", 1, 1, fp);
		fwrite(&ha_idx->k, sizeof(ha_idx->k), 1, fp);
		fwrite(&ha_idx->pre, sizeof(ha_idx->pre), 1, fp);
		fwrite(&ha_idx->tot, sizeof(ha_idx->tot), 1, fp);
		fwrite(&ha_idx->tot_pos, sizeof(ha_idx->tot_pos), 1, fp);

		for (i = 0; i < 1<<ha_idx->pre; ++i) 
		{
			g = &(ha_idx->h[i]);
			yak_pt_save(g->h, fp);
			fwrite(&g->n, sizeof(g->n), 1, fp);
			fwrite(g->a, sizeof(ha_idxpos_t), g->n, fp);
		}
	}

	fwrite(&opt->number_of_round, sizeof(opt->number_of_round), 1, fp);
	fwrite(&opt->hom_cov, sizeof(opt->hom_cov), 1, fp);
	fwrite(&opt->het_cov, sizeof(opt->het_cov), 1, fp);
	fwrite(&opt->max_n_chain, sizeof(opt->max_n_chain), 1, fp);


	write_All_reads(r, gfa_name);

	sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.pt_flt.paf.bin", file_name); 
	fclose(fp); fp = fopen(gfa_name, "w"); uint64_t k;
	if (!fp) {
		free(gfa_name);
        return 0;
    }
	fwrite(&(r->total_reads), sizeof(r->total_reads), 1, fp);
	for (k = 0; k < r->total_reads; k++) {
		fwrite(&(r->paf[k].is_fully_corrected), sizeof(r->paf[k].is_fully_corrected), 1, fp);
        fwrite(&(r->paf[k].is_abnormal), sizeof(r->paf[k].is_abnormal), 1, fp);
        fwrite(&(r->paf[k].length), sizeof(r->paf[k].length), 1, fp);
        fwrite(r->paf[k].buffer, sizeof((*(r->paf[k].buffer))), r->paf[k].length, fp);
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] Index has been written.\n", __func__);
    free(gfa_name);
	fclose(fp);
	return 1;
}

int load_pt_index(void **r_flt_tab, ha_pt_t **r_ha_idx, All_reads *r, hifiasm_opt_t* opt, char* file_name)
{
	char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(file_name)+64);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.pt_flt", file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(gfa_name, "r");
	if (!fp) {
		free(gfa_name);
        return 0;
    }

	ha_pt_t *ha_idx = NULL;
	char mode = 0;
	int f_flag = 0, absent, i;
	double index_time, index_s_time, pos_time, pos_s_time;

	
	
	f_flag += fread(&mode, 1, 1, fp);
	if(mode == 'f')
	{
		index_time = yak_realtime();

		yak_ft_load((yak_ft_t **)r_flt_tab, fp);
		
	    f_flag += fread(&mode, 1, 1, fp);

		fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f] ==> Loaded flt table\n", __func__, yak_realtime()-index_time);
	}
	///insert using multiple threads???
	if(mode == 'h')
	{
		pos_time = index_time = 0;

		CALLOC(ha_idx, 1);
		ha_pt1_t *g;
		f_flag += fread(&ha_idx->k, sizeof(ha_idx->k), 1, fp);
		f_flag += fread(&ha_idx->pre, sizeof(ha_idx->pre), 1, fp);
		f_flag += fread(&ha_idx->tot, sizeof(ha_idx->tot), 1, fp);
		f_flag += fread(&ha_idx->tot_pos, sizeof(ha_idx->tot_pos), 1, fp);
		CALLOC(ha_idx->h, 1<<ha_idx->pre);
		for (i = 0; i < 1<<ha_idx->pre; ++i) 
		{
			index_s_time = yak_realtime();

			g = &(ha_idx->h[i]);
			yak_pt_load(&(g->h), fp);

			index_time += yak_realtime() - index_s_time;
			
			pos_s_time = yak_realtime();

			f_flag += fread(&g->n, sizeof(g->n), 1, fp);
			MALLOC(g->a, g->n);
			f_flag += fread(g->a, sizeof(ha_idxpos_t), g->n, fp);

			pos_time += yak_realtime() - pos_s_time;
		}
		(*r_ha_idx) = ha_idx;

		fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f(index)/%.3f(pos)] ==> Loaded pos table\n", __func__, index_time, pos_time);
	}

	if(mode != 'h' && mode != 'f')
	{
		free(gfa_name);
		fclose(fp);
		return 0;
	}


	f_flag += fread(&absent, sizeof(absent), 1, fp);
	if(absent != opt->number_of_round)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: different number of rounds!\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	f_flag += fread(&opt->hom_cov, sizeof(opt->hom_cov), 1, fp);
	f_flag += fread(&opt->het_cov, sizeof(opt->het_cov), 1, fp);
	f_flag += fread(&opt->max_n_chain, sizeof(opt->max_n_chain), 1, fp);


	// fclose(fp);
	
	if(!load_All_reads(r, gfa_name))
	{
		free(gfa_name);
		return 0;
	}

	memset(r->trio_flag, AMBIGU, r->total_reads*sizeof(uint8_t));

	sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.pt_flt.paf.bin", file_name);
	fclose(fp); fp = fopen(gfa_name, "r"); uint64_t k;
    if (!fp) {
        free(gfa_name);
        return 0;
    }
	f_flag += fread(&(r->total_reads), sizeof(r->total_reads), 1, fp);
	r->paf = (ma_hit_t_alloc*)malloc(sizeof(ma_hit_t_alloc)*r->total_reads);
    r->reverse_paf = (ma_hit_t_alloc*)malloc(sizeof(ma_hit_t_alloc)*r->total_reads);
	for (k = 0; k < r->total_reads; k++) {
        // init_ma_hit_t_alloc(&(r->paf[k]));
        init_ma_hit_t_alloc(&(r->reverse_paf[k]));

		f_flag += fread(&(r->paf[k].is_fully_corrected), sizeof(r->paf[k].is_fully_corrected), 1, fp);
        f_flag += fread(&(r->paf[k].is_abnormal), sizeof(r->paf[k].is_abnormal), 1, fp);
        f_flag += fread(&(r->paf[k].length), sizeof(r->paf[k].length), 1, fp);
        r->paf[k].size = r->paf[k].length;

        r->paf[k].buffer = NULL;
        if(r->paf[k].length == 0) continue;
        
        r->paf[k].buffer = (ma_hit_t*)malloc(sizeof(ma_hit_t)*r->paf[k].length);
        fread(r->paf[k].buffer, sizeof((*(r->paf[k].buffer))), r->paf[k].length, fp);
    }
	fclose(fp);

	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] Index has been loaded.\n", __func__);

	free(gfa_name);
	return 1;
}



int uidx_write(void *flt_tab, ha_pt_t *ha_idx, char* file_name, ma_ug_t *ug)
{
	char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(file_name)+25);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.uidx.bin", file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(gfa_name, "w");
    if (!fp) {
        free(gfa_name);
        return 0;
    }

	if(ug) write_dbug(ug, fp);

	yak_ft_t *ha_flt_tab = (yak_ft_t*)flt_tab;

    if(ha_flt_tab)
    {
        fwrite("f", 1, 1, fp);
        yak_ft_save(ha_flt_tab, fp);
    }

	if(ha_idx)
    {
        int i;
        ha_pt1_t *g;
        fwrite("h", 1, 1, fp);
        fwrite(&ha_idx->k, sizeof(ha_idx->k), 1, fp);
        fwrite(&ha_idx->pre, sizeof(ha_idx->pre), 1, fp);
        fwrite(&ha_idx->tot, sizeof(ha_idx->tot), 1, fp);
        fwrite(&ha_idx->tot_pos, sizeof(ha_idx->tot_pos), 1, fp);

        for (i = 0; i < 1<<ha_idx->pre; ++i) 
        {
            g = &(ha_idx->h[i]);
            yak_pt_save(g->h, fp);
            fwrite(&g->n, sizeof(g->n), 1, fp);
            fwrite(g->al, sizeof(ha_idxposl_t), g->n, fp);
        }
    }
	fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] Index has been written.\n", __func__);
    free(gfa_name);
    fclose(fp);
    return 1;
}


int uidx_load(void **r_flt_tab, ha_pt_t **r_ha_idx, char* file_name, ma_ug_t *ug)
{
    char* gfa_name = (char*)malloc(strlen(file_name)+25);
    sprintf(gfa_name, "%s.uidx.bin", file_name);
    FILE* fp = fopen(gfa_name, "r");
    if (!fp) {
        free(gfa_name);
        return 0;
    }

	if(ug && (!test_dbug(ug, fp))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] Renew UL Index\n", __func__);
        free(gfa_name); fclose(fp);
        return 0;
    }
	// fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s]\t%s\tftell::%ld\n", __func__, file_name, ftell(fp));

    ha_pt_t *ha_idx = NULL;
    char mode = 0;
    int f_flag = 0, i;
    double index_time, index_s_time, pos_time, pos_s_time;

    
    
    f_flag += fread(&mode, 1, 1, fp);
    if(mode == 'f')
    {
        index_time = yak_realtime();

        yak_ft_load((yak_ft_t **)r_flt_tab, fp);
        
        f_flag += fread(&mode, 1, 1, fp);

        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f] ==> Loaded flt table\n", __func__, yak_realtime()-index_time);
    }
    ///insert using multiple threads???
    if(mode == 'h')
    {
        pos_time = index_time = 0;

        CALLOC(ha_idx, 1);
        ha_pt1_t *g;
        f_flag += fread(&ha_idx->k, sizeof(ha_idx->k), 1, fp);
        f_flag += fread(&ha_idx->pre, sizeof(ha_idx->pre), 1, fp);
        f_flag += fread(&ha_idx->tot, sizeof(ha_idx->tot), 1, fp);
        f_flag += fread(&ha_idx->tot_pos, sizeof(ha_idx->tot_pos), 1, fp);
        CALLOC(ha_idx->h, 1<<ha_idx->pre);
        for (i = 0; i < 1<<ha_idx->pre; ++i) 
        {
            index_s_time = yak_realtime();

            g = &(ha_idx->h[i]);
            yak_pt_load(&(g->h), fp);

            index_time += yak_realtime() - index_s_time;
            
            pos_s_time = yak_realtime();

            f_flag += fread(&g->n, sizeof(g->n), 1, fp);
            MALLOC(g->al, g->n);
            f_flag += fread(g->al, sizeof(ha_idxposl_t), g->n, fp);

            pos_time += yak_realtime() - pos_s_time;
        }
        (*r_ha_idx) = ha_idx;

        fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s::%.3f(index)/%.3f(pos)] ==> Loaded pos table\n", __func__, index_time, pos_time);
    }

    if(mode != 'h' && mode != 'f')
    {
        free(gfa_name);
        fclose(fp);
        return 0;
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "[M::%s] Index has been loaded.\n", __func__);

	fclose(fp);
    free(gfa_name);
    return 1;
}