Support for casting of OpenQASM 3.0 types #32
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This PR replaces the existing OpenQASM 2.0 parser with a new OpenQASM
3.0 parser.
The new parser now builds a syntax tree, where type checking, constant
evaluation, and translation to the Quantum circuit.
The parser can handle the following new features:
### New Syntax
New syntax for declaring bits, qubit, measure operations. The old syntax
(`creg`, `qreg`) is still supported.
```qasm
qubit[8] q;
bit[8] c;
c[0] = measure q[0];
measure q[1] -> c[1];
if (c[0] == 1) {
x q[0];
}
```
### Gate modifiers
Gate modifiers (`inv`, `ctrl`, and `negctrl`) are now supported. This
replaces the `c` prefix.
See the OpenQASM 3.0 specification for more information:
https://openqasm.com/language/gates.html#quantum-gate-modifiers
```qasm
ctrl @ x q[0], q[1]; // Equivalent to cx q
ctrl(2) @ x q[0], q[1], q[2]; // Equivalent to ccx q;
```
### Classical constant values
The parser now supports classical computation with constant values. This
can be used to e.g. define the number of quantum registers.
```qasm
const uint N = 4;
qubit[N * 2];
x qubit[N * 2 - 1];
```
Additionally, all features of the previous parser are still supported.
The big features from OpenQASM 3.0 still missing are:
- classical computational features such as loops, functions, etc. (see
#33)
- types such as bools, floats, angles, complex types, etc. (see #30,
#32)
- `pow` modifier (#27)
---------
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Lukas Burgholzer <[email protected]>
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The new OpenQASM standard introduces many additional datatypes besides quantum and classical registers. This allows to describe classical components of quantum algorithms in a very intuitive way. As a first step, support for all kinds of new types should be added to the QFR library and, correspondingly, to the QuantumComputation class. For details on all the new typed provided by the standard, see https://qiskit.github.io/openqasm/language/classical.html.
The standard provides the means for converting between the available types. For details, see https://qiskit.github.io/openqasm/language/types.html#casting-specifics.
This depends on #30 for the availability of all the types.
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