-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
lab_report_1.tex
208 lines (158 loc) · 8.92 KB
/
lab_report_1.tex
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% University/School Laboratory Report
% LaTeX Template
% Version 3.1 (25/3/14)
%
% This template has been downloaded from:
% http://www.LaTeXTemplates.com
%
% Original author:
% Linux and Unix Users Group at Virginia Tech Wiki
% (https://vtluug.org/wiki/Example_LaTeX_chem_lab_report)
%
% License:
% CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/)
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% PACKAGES AND DOCUMENT CONFIGURATIONS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[version=3]{mhchem} % Package for chemical equation typesetting
\usepackage{siunitx} % Provides the \SI{}{} and \si{} command for typesetting SI units
\usepackage{graphicx} % Required for the inclusion of images
\usepackage{natbib} % Required to change bibliography style to APA
\usepackage{amsmath} % Required for some math elements
\usepackage{xeCJK}
\usepackage{minted}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{array}
\setCJKmainfont[BoldFont={FZHei-B01},ItalicFont={FZKai-Z03}]{FZShuSong-Z01}
\setlength\parindent{2em} % Removes all indentation from paragraphs
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\alph{enumi}.} % Make numbering in the enumerate environment by letter rather than number (e.g. section 6)
%\usepackage{times} % Uncomment to use the Times New Roman font
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% DOCUMENT INFORMATION
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% \includegraphics[scale=0.13]{xiaohui.jpeg}
% \\[30pt] \includegraphics[scale=0.8]{xiaoming.png}
% \\[10pt] \textbf{\LARGE{SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY}}
% \\[20pt] \textbf{\Huge{操作系统(2)实验报告}}
% \\[20pt]
% \begin{table}[h]
% \renewcommand\arraystretch{1.9}
% \centering%表格居中,表项也居中
% \begin{tabular}{|p{2.3cm}<{\centering}|p{5.7cm}<{\centering}|}\hline
% \Large{组号}&\Large{} \\\hline
% \Large{姓名}&\Large{} \\\hline
% \Large{学号}&\Large{} \\\hline
% \Large{实验序号}&\Large{} \\\hline
% \Large{实验日期}&\Large{} \\\hline
% \end{tabular}
% \end{table}
% \date{} %清空日期
\title{\includegraphics[scale=0.13]{xiaohui.jpeg}\\[30pt] \includegraphics[scale=0.8]{xiaoming.png}\\[10pt] \textbf{\LARGE{SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY}}\\[20pt] \textbf{\Huge{数据库综合项目报告}}\\[20pt]\begin{table}[h]\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.9} \centering \begin{tabular}{|p{2.3cm}<{\centering}|p{5.7cm}<{\centering}|}\hline \Large{组号}&\Large{五} \\\hline \Large{组员1}&\Large{19120159 吴行健} \\\hline \Large{组员2}&\Large{19120179 高睿宁} \\\hline \Large{组员3}&\Large{19120470 赵亮} \\\hline \Large{项目名}&\Large{教务管理系统} \\\hline \Large{完成日期}&\Large{2022.5.21} \\\hline \end{tabular} \end{table} \date{}}
\begin{document}
\maketitle{}
% If you wish to include an abstract, uncomment the lines below
% \begin{abstract}
% Abstract text
% \end{abstract}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SECTION 1
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Objective}
To determine the atomic weight of magnesium via its reaction with oxygen and to study the stoichiometry of the reaction (as defined in \ref{definitions}):
\begin{center}\ce{2 Mg + O2 -> 2 MgO}\end{center}
% If you have more than one objective, uncomment the below:
%\begin{description}
%\item[First Objective] \hfill \\
%Objective 1 text
%\item[Second Objective] \hfill \\
%Objective 2 text
%\end{description}
\subsection{Definitions}
\label{definitions}
\begin{description}
\item[Stoichiometry]
The relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction or forming a compound, typically a ratio of whole integers.
\item[Atomic mass]
The mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units. It is approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of different isotopes.
\end{description}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SECTION 2
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Experimental Data}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
Mass of empty crucible & \SI{7.28}{\gram}\\
Mass of crucible and magnesium before heating & \SI{8.59}{\gram}\\
Mass of crucible and magnesium oxide after heating & \SI{9.46}{\gram}\\
Balance used & \#4\\
Magnesium from sample bottle & \#1
\end{tabular}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SECTION 3
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Sample Calculation}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
Mass of magnesium metal & = \SI{8.59}{\gram} - \SI{7.28}{\gram}\\
& = \SI{1.31}{\gram}\\
Mass of magnesium oxide & = \SI{9.46}{\gram} - \SI{7.28}{\gram}\\
& = \SI{2.18}{\gram}\\
Mass of oxygen & = \SI{2.18}{\gram} - \SI{1.31}{\gram}\\
& = \SI{0.87}{\gram}
\end{tabular}
Because of this reaction, the required ratio is the atomic weight of magnesium: \SI{16.00}{\gram} of oxygen as experimental mass of Mg: experimental mass of oxygen or $\frac{x}{1.31}=\frac{16}{0.87}$ from which, $M_{\ce{Mg}} = 16.00 \times \frac{1.31}{0.87} = 24.1 = \SI{24}{\gram\per\mole}$ (to two significant figures).
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SECTION 4
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Results and Conclusions}
The atomic weight of magnesium is concluded to be \SI{24}{\gram\per\mol}, as determined by the stoichiometry of its chemical combination with oxygen. This result is in agreement with the accepted value.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth]{placeholder} % Include the image placeholder.png
\caption{Figure caption.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SECTION 5
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Discussion of Experimental Uncertainty}
The accepted value (periodic table) is \SI{24.3}{\gram\per\mole} \cite{Smith:2012qr}. The percentage discrepancy between the accepted value and the result obtained here is 1.3\%. Because only a single measurement was made, it is not possible to calculate an estimated standard deviation.
The most obvious source of experimental uncertainty is the limited precision of the balance. Other potential sources of experimental uncertainty are: the reaction might not be complete; if not enough time was allowed for total oxidation, less than complete oxidation of the magnesium might have, in part, reacted with nitrogen in the air (incorrect reaction); the magnesium oxide might have absorbed water from the air, and thus weigh ``too much." Because the result obtained is close to the accepted value it is possible that some of these experimental uncertainties have fortuitously cancelled one another.
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% SECTION 6
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Answers to Definitions}
\begin{enumerate}
\begin{item}
The \emph{atomic weight of an element} is the relative weight of one of its atoms compared to C-12 with a weight of 12.0000000$\ldots$, hydrogen with a weight of 1.008, to oxygen with a weight of 16.00. Atomic weight is also the average weight of all the atoms of that element as they occur in nature.
\end{item}
\begin{item}
The \emph{units of atomic weight} are two-fold, with an identical numerical value. They are g/mole of atoms (or just g/mol) or amu/atom.
\end{item}
\begin{item}
\emph{Percentage discrepancy} between an accepted (literature) value and an experimental value is
\begin{equation*}
\frac{\mathrm{experimental\;result} - \mathrm{accepted\;result}}{\mathrm{accepted\;result}}
\end{equation*}
\end{item}
\end{enumerate}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% BIBLIOGRAPHY
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\bibliographystyle{apalike}
\bibliography{sample}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Code}
\begin{minted}{c++}
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<Hello World<<endl
return 0;
}
\end{minted}
\end{document}