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Android事件传递机制
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<p>Android事件传递机制一直都是一个痛点，希望这篇文章能够给你点不一样的</p>
<p>基础知识—>源码分析—>进阶—>应用场景</p>
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Hello World
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<p>Welcome to <a href="http://hexo.io/" target="_blank" rel="external">Hexo</a>! This is your very first post. Check <a href="http://hexo.io/docs/" target="_blank" rel="external">documentation</a> for more info. If you get any problems when using Hexo, you can find the answer in <a href="http://hexo.io/docs/troubleshooting.html" target="_blank" rel="external">troubleshooting</a> or you can ask me on <a href="https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/issues" target="_blank" rel="external">GitHub</a>.</p>
<h2 id="Quick-Start"><a href="#Quick-Start" class="headerlink" title="Quick Start"></a>Quick Start</h2><h3 id="Create-a-new-post"><a href="#Create-a-new-post" class="headerlink" title="Create a new post"></a>Create a new post</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$ hexo new <span class="string">"My New Post"</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>More info: <a href="http://hexo.io/docs/server.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Server</a></p>
<h3 id="Generate-static-files"><a href="#Generate-static-files" class="headerlink" title="Generate static files"></a>Generate static files</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$ hexo generate</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>More info: <a href="http://hexo.io/docs/generating.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Generating</a></p>
<h3 id="Deploy-to-remote-sites"><a href="#Deploy-to-remote-sites" class="headerlink" title="Deploy to remote sites"></a>Deploy to remote sites</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">$ hexo deploy</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>More info: <a href="http://hexo.io/docs/deployment.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Deployment</a></p>
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ViewDragHelper你需要知道的一切
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<blockquote>
<p>ViewDragHelper is a utility class for writing custom ViewGroups. It offers a number of useful operations and state tracking for allowing a user to drag and reposition views within their parent ViewGroup.</p>
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Notes of Hacking with Swift
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<h2 id="Variables-and-constants"><a href="#Variables-and-constants" class="headerlink" title="Variables and constants"></a>Variables and constants</h2><ul>
<li>A <strong>variable</strong> is a data store that can have its value changed whenever you want.</li>
<li>A <strong>constant</strong> is a data store that you set once and can never change.</li>
<li><p>In Swift, you make a variable using the <code>var</code> keyword, and a constants using the <code>let</code> keyword:</p>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">"Brand Lee"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// you shouldn't use the var keyword each time – that's only used when you're declaring new variables</span></div><div class="line">name = <span class="string">"Romeo"</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> name = <span class="string">"Brand Lee"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// Cannot assign to 'let' value 'name'</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// name = "Romeo"</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>Important note</strong>: variable and constant names must be unique in your code.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Types-of-Data"><a href="#Types-of-Data" class="headerlink" title="Types of Data"></a>Types of Data</h2><figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name: <span class="type">String</span></div><div class="line">name = <span class="string">"Tim McGraw"</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> age: <span class="type">Int</span></div><div class="line">age = <span class="number">25</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> latitude: <span class="type">Double</span></div><div class="line">latitude = <span class="number">36.166667</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> longitude: <span class="type">Float</span></div><div class="line">longitude = -<span class="number">86.783333</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> stayOutTooLate: <span class="type">Bool</span></div><div class="line">stayOutTooLate = <span class="literal">true</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>Two options to create your variable:<ol>
<li>create your variable and give it an initial value on one line of code;</li>
<li><strong>type annotations</strong>,like below:</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><strong>Note</strong>: some people like to put a space before and after the colon, making <code>var name : String</code>, but they are wrong and you should try to avoid mentioning their wrongness in polite company.</li>
<li>The lesson here is that Swift always wants to know what type of data every variable or constant will hold,called <strong>type safety</strong>.</li>
<li>Note how both <code>String</code> and <code>Int</code> have capital letters at the start, whereas name and age do not – this is the standard coding convention in Swift.</li>
<li><code>Float</code> and <code>Double</code>:the official Apple recommendation is always to use <code>Double</code> because it has the highest accuracy(<code>Double</code> has twice the accuracy of <code>Float</code>).</li>
<li>it’s possible to specify a data type and provide a value at the same time:</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name: <span class="type">String</span> = <span class="string">"Tim McGraw"</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="Operators"><a href="#Operators" class="headerlink" title="Operators"></a>Operators</h2><ul>
<li>In Swift strings are <strong>case-sensitive</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="String-interpolation"><a href="#String-interpolation" class="headerlink" title="String interpolation"></a>String interpolation</h2><ul>
<li>fancy name but a simple thing:combining variables and constants inside a string.</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">"Tim McGraw"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> age = <span class="number">25</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> latitude = <span class="number">36.166667</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">"Your name is \(name)"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// output: Your name is Tim McGraw</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// Doing that using + is much more difficult, because Swift doesn't let you add integers and doubles to a string</span></div><div class="line"><span class="string">"Your name is \(name), your age is \(age), and your latitude is \(latitude)"</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="string">"Your name is "</span> + name</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>One of the powerful features of string interpolation is that everything between ( and ) can actually be a full Swift expression.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Arrays"><a href="#Arrays" class="headerlink" title="Arrays"></a>Arrays</h2><ul>
<li><p>Swift uses <code>type inference</code> to figure out what type of data your array holds</p>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> oddNumbers = [<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">8</span>]</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> songs = [<span class="string">"Shake it Off"</span>, <span class="string">"You Belong with Me"</span>, <span class="string">"Back to December"</span>]</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// Swift starts counting at 0</span></div><div class="line">songs[<span class="number">0</span>]</div><div class="line">songs[<span class="number">1</span>]</div><div class="line">songs[<span class="number">2</span>]</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// print out the data type of variable</span></div><div class="line">songs.<span class="keyword">dynamicType</span> <span class="comment">// output: Array<String>.Type</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// Swift is behind the scenes converting the array to hold the data type NSObject</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> songs = [<span class="string">"Shake it Off"</span>, <span class="string">"You Belong with Me"</span>, <span class="string">"Back to December"</span>, <span class="number">3</span>]</div><div class="line">songs.<span class="keyword">dynamicType</span> <span class="comment">// output: Array<NSObject>.Type</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// use type annotations to specify exactly what type of data you want an array to store</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> songs: [<span class="type">String</span>] = [<span class="string">"Shake it Off"</span>, <span class="string">"You Belong with Me"</span>, <span class="string">"Back to December"</span>]</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Creating arrays</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// uses a type annotation to make it clear we want an array of strings, and it assigns an empty array to it</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> songs: [<span class="type">String</span>] = []</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// the () tells Swift we want to create the array in question, which is then assigned to songs using type inference</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> songs = [<span class="type">String</span>]()</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> songs = [<span class="string">"Shake it Off"</span>, <span class="string">"You Belong with Me"</span>, <span class="string">"Love Story"</span>]</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> songs2 = [<span class="string">"Today was a Fairytale"</span>, <span class="string">"White Horse"</span>, <span class="string">"Fifteen"</span>]</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> both = songs + songs2</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">both += [<span class="string">"Everything has Changed"</span>]</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="Dictionaries"><a href="#Dictionaries" class="headerlink" title="Dictionaries"></a>Dictionaries</h2><ul>
<li>Dictionaries are another common type of collection, but they differ from arrays because they let you access values based on a key you specify.<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> person = [</div><div class="line"> <span class="string">"first"</span>: <span class="string">"Taylor"</span>,</div><div class="line"> <span class="string">"middle"</span>: <span class="string">"Alison"</span>,</div><div class="line"> <span class="string">"last"</span>: <span class="string">"Swift"</span>,</div><div class="line"> <span class="string">"month"</span>: <span class="string">"December"</span>,</div><div class="line"> <span class="string">"website"</span>: <span class="string">"taylorswift.com"</span></div><div class="line"> ]</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">person[<span class="string">"middle"</span>]</div><div class="line">person[<span class="string">"month"</span>]</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Conditional-statements"><a href="#Conditional-statements" class="headerlink" title="Conditional statements"></a>Conditional statements</h2><figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> action: <span class="type">String</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> person = <span class="string">"hater"</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> person == <span class="string">"hater"</span> {</div><div class="line"> action = <span class="string">"hate"</span></div><div class="line">} <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> person == <span class="string">"player"</span> {</div><div class="line"> action = <span class="string">"play"</span></div><div class="line">} <span class="keyword">else</span> {</div><div class="line"> action = <span class="string">"cruise"</span></div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>Evaluating multiple conditions<br>Swift uses something called <code>short-circuit</code> evaluation to boost performance: if it is evaluating multiple things that all need to be true, and the first one is false, it doesn’t even both evaluating the rest.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Loops"><a href="#Loops" class="headerlink" title="Loops"></a>Loops</h2><figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="number">1</span>...<span class="number">10</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"\(i) x 10 is \(i * 10)"</span>)</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// If you don't need to know what number you're on, you can use an underscore instead.</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> str = <span class="string">"Fakers gonna"</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> <span class="number">_</span> <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="number">1</span> ... <span class="number">5</span> {</div><div class="line"> str += <span class="string">" fake"</span></div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(str)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>the half open range operator: <code>..<</code><br>counts from one number up to and excluding another</li>
<li>Looping over arrays</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> songs = [<span class="string">"Shake it Off"</span>, <span class="string">"You Belong with Me"</span>, <span class="string">"Back to December"</span>]</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> song <span class="keyword">in</span> songs {</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"My favorite song is \(song)"</span>)</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> people = [<span class="string">"players"</span>, <span class="string">"haters"</span>, <span class="string">"heart-breakers"</span>, <span class="string">"fakers"</span>]</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> actions = [<span class="string">"play"</span>, <span class="string">"hate"</span>, <span class="string">"break"</span>, <span class="string">"fake"</span>]</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// half open range operator</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> <span class="number">0</span> ..< people.<span class="built_in">count</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"\(people[i]) gonna \(actions[i])"</span>)</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>One important note: although programmers conventionally use i, j and even k for loop constants, you can name them whatever you please: for personNumber in 0 ..< people.count is perfectly valid</li>
<li>While loops</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> counter = <span class="number">0</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span> <span class="literal">true</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"Counter is now \(counter)"</span>)</div><div class="line"> counter += <span class="number">1</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> counter == <span class="number">556</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span></div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="Switch-case"><a href="#Switch-case" class="headerlink" title="Switch case"></a>Switch case</h2><ul>
<li>Swift will ensure your cases are exhaustive.That is, if there’s the possibility of your variable having a value you don’t check for, Xcode will refuse to build your app.</li>
<li>Swift can apply some evaluation to your case statements in order to match against variables.</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> studioAlbums = <span class="number">5</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">switch</span> studioAlbums {</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">0</span>...<span class="number">1</span>:</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"You're just starting out"</span>)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">2</span>...<span class="number">3</span>:</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"You're a rising star"</span>)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">4</span>...<span class="number">5</span>:</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"You're world famous!"</span>)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">default</span>:</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"Have you done something new?"</span>)</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>use the <code>fallthrough</code> keyword to make one case fall into the next</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Functions"><a href="#Functions" class="headerlink" title="Functions"></a>Functions</h2><ul>
<li>Functions let you define re-usable pieces of code that perform specific pieces of functionality.</li>
<li><p>an old Apple naming convention: function names should be designed to be read, including their first parameter. </p>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">printAlbumRelease</span><span class="params">(name: String, year: Int)</span></span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"\(name) was released in \(year)"</span>)</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">printAlbumRelease(<span class="string">"Fearless"</span>, year: <span class="number">2008</span>)</div><div class="line">printAlbumRelease(<span class="string">"Speak Now"</span>, year: <span class="number">2010</span>)</div><div class="line">printAlbumRelease(<span class="string">"Red"</span>, year: <span class="number">2012</span>)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>Swift functions can return a value by writing <code>-></code> then a data type. </p>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">albumsIsTaylor</span><span class="params">(name: String)</span></span> -> <span class="type">Bool</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">"Taylor Swift"</span> { <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">"Fearless"</span> { <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">"Speak Now"</span> { <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">"Red"</span> { <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">"1989"</span> { <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span></div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Optionals"><a href="#Optionals" class="headerlink" title="Optionals"></a>Optionals</h2><ul>
<li>An optional value is one that might have a value or might not.</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// question mark: that means "optional string."</span></div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">getHaterStatus</span><span class="params">(weather: String)</span></span> -> <span class="type">String</span>? {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> weather == <span class="string">"sunny"</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">nil</span></div><div class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"Hate"</span></div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// when you declare a value as being optional, Swift will make sure you handle it safely.</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// make status a optional String</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> status: <span class="type">String</span>?</div><div class="line">status = getHaterStatus(<span class="string">"rainy"</span>)</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// or</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> status = getHaterStatus(<span class="string">"rainy"</span>)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>optional unwrapping</code>:checks whether an optional has a value, and if so unwraps it into a non-optional type then runs a code block.<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="keyword">let</span> unwrappedStatus = status {</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// unwrappedStatus contains a non-optional value!</span></div><div class="line">} <span class="keyword">else</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// in case you you want an else block, here you go…</span></div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p>When you work with these “might be there, might not be” values, Swift forces you to unwrap them before using them, thus acknowledging that there might not be a value. That’s what <code>if let</code> syntax does: <strong>if the optional has a value then unwrap it and use it, otherwise don’t use it at all</strong>.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>Force unwrapping optionals</code>:Swift lets you override its safety by using the exclamation mark character: !</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">func</span> <span class="title">yearAlbumReleased</span><span class="params">(name: String)</span></span> -> <span class="type">Int</span>? {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">"Taylor Swift"</span> { <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">2006</span> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">"Fearless"</span> { <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">2008</span> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">"Speak Now"</span> { <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">2010</span> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">"Red"</span> { <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">2012</span> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">"1989"</span> { <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">2014</span> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">nil</span></div><div class="line">}</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> year = yearAlbumReleased(<span class="string">"Red"</span>)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> year == <span class="literal">nil</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"There was an error"</span>)</div><div class="line">} <span class="keyword">else</span> {</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// Note the exclamation mark: it means "I'm certain this contains a value, so force unwrap it now."</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"It was released in \(year!)"</span>)</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>Implicitly unwrapped optionals</code><ol>
<li>A regular variable must contain a value. Example: String must contain a string, even if that is string empty, i.e. “”.</li>
<li>An optional variable might contain a value, or might not. It must be unwrapped before it is used. Example: String? might contain a string, or it might contain nil. The only way to find out is to unwrap it.</li>
<li>An implicitly unwrapped optional might contain a value, or might not. But it does not need to be unwrapped before it is used. Swift won’t check for you, so you need to be extra careful. Example: String! might contain a string, or it might contain nil – and it’s down to you to use it appropriately.</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Optional-chaining"><a href="#Optional-chaining" class="headerlink" title="Optional chaining"></a>Optional chaining</h2><ul>
<li><code>optional chaining</code>, which lets you run code only if your optional has a value.</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// Note that there's a question mark in there, which is the optional chaining: everything after the question mark will only be run if everything before the question mark has a value.</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> album = albumReleasedYear(<span class="number">2006</span>)?.someOptionalValue?.someOtherOptionalValue?.whatever</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>The nil coalescing operator</code><br>it effectively stops them from being optional because you provide a non-optional value B</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight swift"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> album = albumReleasedYear(<span class="number">2006</span>) ?? <span class="string">"unknown"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">"The album is \(album)"</span>)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>先上代码：<br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div><div class="line">46</div><div class="line">47</div><div class="line">48</div><div class="line">49</div><div class="line">50</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">CustomViewOne</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">LinearLayout</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String TAG = <span class="string">"CustomView"</span>;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">CustomViewOne</span><span class="params">(Context context)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>(context);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">CustomViewOne</span><span class="params">(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>(context, attrs);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">CustomViewOne</span><span class="params">(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, <span class="keyword">int</span> defStyleAttr)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">onInterceptTouchEvent</span><span class="params">(MotionEvent ev)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> intercepted = <span class="keyword">false</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">switch</span> (ev.getAction()) {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewOne onInterceptTouchEvent: ACTION_DOWN"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewOne onInterceptTouchEvent: ACTION_MOVE"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewOne onInterceptTouchEvent: ACTION_UP"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> intercepted;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">onTouchEvent</span><span class="params">(MotionEvent event)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> intercepted = <span class="keyword">false</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">switch</span> (event.getAction()) {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewOne onTouchEvent: ACTION_DOWN"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewOne onTouchEvent: ACTION_MOVE"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewOne onTouchEvent: ACTION_UP"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> intercepted;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div><div class="line">46</div><div class="line">47</div><div class="line">48</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">CustomViewTwo</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">LinearLayout</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String TAG = <span class="string">"CustomView"</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">CustomViewTwo</span><span class="params">(Context context)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>(context);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">CustomViewTwo</span><span class="params">(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>(context, attrs);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">CustomViewTwo</span><span class="params">(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, <span class="keyword">int</span> defStyleAttr)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">onInterceptTouchEvent</span><span class="params">(MotionEvent ev)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> intercepted = <span class="keyword">false</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">switch</span> (ev.getAction()) {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewTwo onInterceptTouchEvent: ACTION_DOWN"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewTwo onInterceptTouchEvent: ACTION_MOVE"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewTwo onInterceptTouchEvent: ACTION_UP"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> intercepted;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">onTouchEvent</span><span class="params">(MotionEvent event)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> intercepted = <span class="keyword">false</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">switch</span> (event.getAction()) {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewTwo onTouchEvent: ACTION_DOWN"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewTwo onTouchEvent: ACTION_MOVE"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewTwo onTouchEvent: ACTION_UP"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> intercepted;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">CustomViewThree</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">View</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String TAG = <span class="string">"CustomView"</span>;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">CustomViewThree</span><span class="params">(Context context)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>(context);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">CustomViewThree</span><span class="params">(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>(context, attrs);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">CustomViewThree</span><span class="params">(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, <span class="keyword">int</span> defStyleAttr)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">super</span>(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">onTouchEvent</span><span class="params">(MotionEvent event)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> intercepted = <span class="keyword">false</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">switch</span> (event.getAction()) {</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewThree onTouchEvent: ACTION_DOWN"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewThree onTouchEvent: ACTION_MOVE"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:</div><div class="line"> Log.d(TAG, <span class="string">"CustomViewThree onTouchEvent: ACTION_UP"</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> intercepted;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>情形一</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">View</th>
<th style="text-align:center">onInterceptTouchEvent</th>
<th style="text-align:center">onTouchEvent</th>
</tr>
</thead>