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gdb-commands.md

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GDB Commands

This page provides a brief summary of the most commonly used GDB commands with the Black Magic Probe. It is provided just as an introduction, the GDB Manual should be consulted for more complete information.

GDB's online help system is also a good source of information. Use the command help <command> for more information about any GDB command.

Connecting to the Black Magic Probe and target

Connecting GDB to the Black Magic Probe

target extended-remote <port>

This command connects GDB to the Black Magic Probe for remote target debugging. It does not perform any JTAG or SWD actions and does not attach GDB to the target processor.

The port parameter should be the name of the serial interface of the GDB server provided by the Black Magic Probe. On Linux:

target extended-remote /dev/ttyACM0
target extended-remote /dev/serial/by-id/usb-Black_Sphere_Technologies_Black_Magic_Probe_E2C0C4C6-if00
target extended-remote /dev/ttyBmpGdb

On macOS:

target extended-remote /dev/cu.usbmodemE2C0C4C6

On Windows:

target extended-remote COM3
target extended-remote \\.\COM10

List available Black Magic Probe commands

(gdb) monitor help
General commands:
	version -- Display firmware version info
	help -- Display help for monitor commands
	jtag_scan -- Scan JTAG chain for devices
	swdp_scan -- Scan SW-DP for devices: [TARGET_ID]
	auto_scan -- Automatically scan all chain types for devices
	frequency -- set minimum high and low times: [FREQ]
	targets -- Display list of available targets
	morse -- Display morse error message
	halt_timeout -- Timeout to wait until Cortex-M is halted: [TIMEOUT, default 2000ms]
	connect_rst -- Configure connect under reset: [enable|disable]
	reset -- Pulse the nRST line - disconnects target: [PULSE_LEN, default 0ms]
	tdi_low_reset -- Pulse nRST with TDI set low to attempt to wake certain targets up (eg LPC82x)
	traceswo -- Start trace capture, NRZ mode: [BAUDRATE] [decode [CHANNEL_NR ...]]
	heapinfo -- Set semihosting heapinfo: HEAPINFO HEAP_BASE HEAP_LIMIT STACK_BASE STACK_LIMIT

The list of available commands is context sensitive. After connecting to certain targets the list of available commands changes. For example STM32 targets provide monitor erase_mass that is not available until you scan for available targets and find the STM32 target.

Please note that the commands do not support units, only plain integers (e.g. use halt_timeout 5000, not halt_timeout 5s).

Finding connected targets

monitor jtag_scan
monitor swdp_scan

These commands instruct the Black Magic Probe to scan for connected target devices using the JTAG or SWD interfaces. Any currently connected target will be detached by this command.

monitor tpwr enable

Using black magic probe v2, there is a voltage translator present. By default, the voltage translator is off, and expects a Vtarget voltage present. If Vtarget is not connected to the target board, use the tpwr enable command to power translator with the onboard 3.3V regulator.

Attaching to a target

attach <n>

Attach GDB to a target device connected to the Black Magic Probe. The argument must be a target id displayed in the output of one of the monitor commands above. Attaching will not reset the target, for that use the run or start commands.

Enabling access to memory mapped IO from GDB

set mem inaccessible-by-default off

This command instructs GDB to allow access to memory outside of the devices known memory map. This is useful to allow access to memory mapped IO from GDB.

Because the above are all common commands that you are likely to run every time you start GDB, you may want to include them in your .gdbinit file. Create a text file named .gdbinit in your home directory or project directory from which you run GDB and it will execute these commands on startup.

Loading your program onto the target

load [filename]

This command will transfer your program binary to the target device. If the program is linked at Flash memory addresses, the Flash will be erased and programmed accordingly.

compare-sections

This command will compare a CRC32 of the target memory to the sections of your binary file and report if an inconsistency is found. It is useful to verify the flash programming.

Debugging with GDB

Starting your program

start
run

These command reset and begin execution on the target. run allows the target to run normally until interrupted or other event occurs, while start runs through the start-up code will halt on entry to the main function.

While the target is running, it may be interrupted by typing Ctrl-C in the GDB console or sending GDB a SIGINT.

Setting stop conditions

break <function>
break <file>:<line>
watch <var>

These commands set breakpoints and watchpoints. Breakpoints will interrupt the target when a particular location in the program is reached, and watchpoints will interrupt the program when a particular variable is changed.

Examining the target state

print <expr>
x <address>
info registers

These commands may be used to inspect target variables, memory or core registers.

dump ihex memory <file> <start> <stop>

This command can be used to dump the target memory contents to an Intel hex file. There are other variants for alternative formats, use the command help dump for more information.

Detaching from the target device

detach
kill

These commands can be used to disconnect the Black Magic Probe from the target device. kill will also reset the target on detach.