diff --git a/bitsandbytes/functional.py b/bitsandbytes/functional.py
index e74f0bf53..d802dc64a 100644
--- a/bitsandbytes/functional.py
+++ b/bitsandbytes/functional.py
@@ -191,6 +191,16 @@ def get_instance(cls):
 
 FIRST_CUDA_DEVICE = torch.device("cuda", index=0)
 
+if torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
+
+    def _cuda_device_of(a: torch.Tensor):
+        return torch.cuda.device_of(a)
+else:
+    import contextlib
+
+    def _cuda_device_of(a: torch.Tensor):
+        return contextlib.nullcontext()
+
 
 def get_paged(*shape, dtype=torch.float32, device=FIRST_CUDA_DEVICE):
     num_bytes = dtype2bytes[dtype] * prod(shape)
@@ -881,7 +891,7 @@ def quantize_blockwise(
 
         is_on_gpu([A, out, absmax])
 
-        with torch.cuda.device_of(A):
+        with _cuda_device_of(A):
             args = (
                 get_ptr(code),
                 get_ptr(A),
@@ -992,7 +1002,7 @@ def dequantize_blockwise(
 
         is_on_gpu([A, absmax, out])
 
-        with torch.cuda.device_of(A):
+        with _cuda_device_of(A):
             args = (
                 get_ptr(quant_state.code),
                 get_ptr(A),
@@ -1183,7 +1193,7 @@ def quantize_4bit(
 
     is_on_gpu([A, out, absmax])
 
-    with torch.cuda.device_of(A):
+    with _cuda_device_of(A):
         args = (
             get_ptr(None),
             get_ptr(A),
@@ -1330,7 +1340,7 @@ def dequantize_4bit(
     is_on_gpu([A, absmax, out])
     stream = _get_tensor_stream(A)
 
-    with torch.cuda.device_of(A):
+    with _cuda_device_of(A):
         args = (
             get_ptr(None),
             get_ptr(A),
@@ -1547,28 +1557,28 @@ def optimizer_update_32bit(
         )
 
     is_on_gpu([g, p, state1, state2, unorm_vec])
-    prev_device = pre_call(g.device)
-    optim_func(
-        get_ptr(g),
-        get_ptr(p),
-        get_ptr(state1),
-        get_ptr(state2),
-        get_ptr(unorm_vec),
-        ct.c_float(max_unorm),
-        ct.c_float(param_norm),
-        ct.c_float(beta1),
-        ct.c_float(beta2),
-        ct.c_float(beta3),
-        ct.c_float(alpha),
-        ct.c_float(eps),
-        ct.c_float(weight_decay),
-        ct.c_int32(step),
-        ct.c_float(lr),
-        ct.c_float(gnorm_scale),
-        ct.c_bool(skip_zeros),
-        ct.c_int32(g.numel()),
-    )
-    post_call(prev_device)
+
+    with _cuda_device_of(g):
+        optim_func(
+            get_ptr(g),
+            get_ptr(p),
+            get_ptr(state1),
+            get_ptr(state2),
+            get_ptr(unorm_vec),
+            ct.c_float(max_unorm),
+            ct.c_float(param_norm),
+            ct.c_float(beta1),
+            ct.c_float(beta2),
+            ct.c_float(beta3),
+            ct.c_float(alpha),
+            ct.c_float(eps),
+            ct.c_float(weight_decay),
+            ct.c_int32(step),
+            ct.c_float(lr),
+            ct.c_float(gnorm_scale),
+            ct.c_bool(skip_zeros),
+            ct.c_int32(g.numel()),
+        )
 
 
 @deprecated(
@@ -1731,8 +1741,7 @@ def optimizer_update_8bit_blockwise(
     skip_zeros=False,
 ) -> None:
     optim_func = None
-    prev_device = pre_call(g.device)
-    is_on_gpu([g, p, state1, state2, qmap1, qmap2, absmax1, absmax2])
+
     if g.dtype == torch.float32 and state1.dtype == torch.uint8:
         optim_func = str2optimizer8bit_blockwise[optimizer_name][0]
     elif g.dtype == torch.float16 and state1.dtype == torch.uint8:
@@ -1747,33 +1756,31 @@ def optimizer_update_8bit_blockwise(
         raise ValueError(
             f"Gradient+optimizer bit data type combination not supported: grad {g.dtype}, optimizer {state1.dtype}",
         )
-    post_call(prev_device)
 
     is_on_gpu([p, g, state1, state2, qmap1, qmap2, absmax1, absmax2])
 
-    prev_device = pre_call(g.device)
-    optim_func(
-        get_ptr(p),
-        get_ptr(g),
-        get_ptr(state1),
-        get_ptr(state2),
-        ct.c_float(beta1),
-        ct.c_float(beta2),
-        ct.c_float(beta3),
-        ct.c_float(alpha),
-        ct.c_float(eps),
-        ct.c_int32(step),
-        ct.c_float(lr),
-        get_ptr(qmap1),
-        get_ptr(qmap2),
-        get_ptr(absmax1),
-        get_ptr(absmax2),
-        ct.c_float(weight_decay),
-        ct.c_float(gnorm_scale),
-        ct.c_bool(skip_zeros),
-        ct.c_int32(g.numel()),
-    )
-    post_call(prev_device)
+    with _cuda_device_of(g):
+        optim_func(
+            get_ptr(p),
+            get_ptr(g),
+            get_ptr(state1),
+            get_ptr(state2),
+            ct.c_float(beta1),
+            ct.c_float(beta2),
+            ct.c_float(beta3),
+            ct.c_float(alpha),
+            ct.c_float(eps),
+            ct.c_int32(step),
+            ct.c_float(lr),
+            get_ptr(qmap1),
+            get_ptr(qmap2),
+            get_ptr(absmax1),
+            get_ptr(absmax2),
+            ct.c_float(weight_decay),
+            ct.c_float(gnorm_scale),
+            ct.c_bool(skip_zeros),
+            ct.c_int32(g.numel()),
+        )
 
 
 @deprecated("This function is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.", category=FutureWarning)
@@ -1966,7 +1973,7 @@ def gemv_4bit(
     ldc = ct.c_int32(ldc)
     stream = _get_tensor_stream(A)
 
-    with torch.cuda.device_of(A):
+    with _cuda_device_of(A):
         if B.dtype in [torch.uint8, torch.bfloat16, torch.float16, torch.float32]:
             if A.dtype == torch.float16:
                 lib.cgemm_4bit_inference_naive_fp16(
@@ -2285,7 +2292,7 @@ def int8_linear_matmul(A: torch.Tensor, B: torch.Tensor, out: Optional[torch.Ten
 
     is_on_gpu([A, B, out])
 
-    with torch.cuda.device_of(A):
+    with _cuda_device_of(A):
         ctx = CUBLAS_Context.get_instance().get_context(A.device)
         ptrA = get_ptr(A)
         ptrB = get_ptr(B)
@@ -2343,7 +2350,7 @@ def int8_mm_dequant(
 
     is_on_gpu([A, row_stats, col_stats, out, bias])
 
-    with torch.cuda.device_of(A):
+    with _cuda_device_of(A):
         lib.cdequant_mm_int32_fp16(
             ptrA, ptrRowStats, ptrColStats, ptrOut, ptrBias, numRows, numCols, _get_tensor_stream(A)
         )
@@ -2407,7 +2414,7 @@ def get_row_absmax(A: torch.Tensor, threshold=0.0):
 
     is_on_gpu([A])
 
-    with torch.cuda.device_of(A):
+    with _cuda_device_of(A):
         lib.cget_row_stats(
             get_ptr(A),
             get_ptr(row_stats),
@@ -2550,7 +2557,7 @@ def int8_vectorwise_quant(A: torch.Tensor, threshold=0.0):
         if outliers.any():
             outlier_cols = torch.argwhere(outliers.any(dim=0)).view(-1)
 
-    with torch.cuda.device_of(A):
+    with _cuda_device_of(A):
         lib.cint8_vector_quant(
             get_ptr(A),
             get_ptr(out_row),