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EA-numbers.json
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EA-numbers.json
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"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the age of Earth?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n4.54 billion years.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"The age of Earth is estimated to be 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%). This age may represent the age of the Earth's accretion, or core formation, or of the material from which the Earth formed. This dating is based on evidence from radiometric age-dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.\" (<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Earth\">Wikipedia</a>)\n</p>\n"
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the age of <i>homo sapiens</i>?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n300,000 years.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"H. sapiens emerged around 300,000 years ago, evolving from Homo erectus and migrating out of Africa, gradually replacing local populations of archaic humans.\" (<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human\">Wikipedia</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
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{
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"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many humans have ever lived?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround 108 billion.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120308152306/https://www.prb.org/Articles/2002/HowManyPeopleHaveEverLivedonEarth.aspx\">Population Reference Bureau</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
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"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhen was writing invented?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nBetween 3400 and 3250 BCE.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"the discovery of the scripts of ancient Mesoamerica, far away from Middle Eastern sources, proved that writing had been invented more than once. Scholars now recognize that writing may have independently developed in at least four ancient civilizations: Mesopotamia (between 3400 and 3100 BCE), Egypt (around 3250 BCE), China (1200 BCE), and lowland areas of Southern Mexico and Guatemala (by 500 BCE).\" (<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_writing#Inventions_of_writing\">Wikipedia</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "jQz?h8",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhen did the neolithic revolution occur?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround 10,000 BCE.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"Archaeological data indicates that the domestication of various types of plants and animals happened in separate locations worldwide, starting in the geological epoch of the Holocene 11,700 years ago. It was the world's first historically verifiable revolution in agriculture.\" (<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution\">Wikipedia</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
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"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhen did the industrial revolution occur?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nBetween 1760 and 1840.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from between 1760 to 1820 and 1840.\" (<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution\">Wikipedia</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
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"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is median annual income, globally?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nInt$2,835 (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/17_XiLHc6g8FRPa5ukiU-YjGByHbCV_Jr/view\">Data for Giving What We Can's 'How rich are you?' calculator</a> (cell L128). You can get a vivid sense of what it's like to live with this income by visiting <a href=\"https://www.gapminder.org/dollar-street?min=230&max=240&p=\">Dollar Street</a> ($2835/year corresponds to $236.25/month).\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "G8}BZ^HjNi",
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{
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"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is gross world product?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n87.735 trillion (2019), in current USD.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD\">World Bank</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
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"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is world GDP per capita (PPP)?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nInt$17,633 (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true\">World Bank</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
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"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is China's GDP per capita (PPP)?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nInt$16,804 (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true\">World Bank</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
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"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the United States's GDP per capita (PPP)?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nInt$65,298 (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true\">World Bank</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "QLgWG$j{i&",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is India's GDP per capita (PPP)?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nInt$6,997 (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true\">World Bank</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "O?z`xj$-Nq",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the European Union's GDP per capita (PPP)?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nInt$46,443 (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true\">World Bank</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "BIQnsY)}b&",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nFor what <i>n</i> is the poorest <i>n%</i> of Americans roughly as rich as the richest <i>n%</i> of Indians?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n5, i.e. the poorest 5% of Americans are roughly as rich as the richest 5% of Indians.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"http://www.marbiru.com/inequality/\">Uri Bram</a>, based on data from Branko Milanović.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "b%KvyQ$P$7",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
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{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat fraction of the world's population in 1820 lived in extreme poverty?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAbout 90%.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-population-in-extreme-poverty-absolute?country=~OWID_WRL\">Our World in Data</a>. 'Extreme poverty' is defined as living with less than Int$1.90 per day.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "CrPNLxF[K:",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat fraction of the world's population lives in extreme poverty?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAbout 10% (2015).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-population-in-extreme-poverty-absolute?country=~OWID_WRL\">Our World in Data</a>. 'Extreme poverty' is defined as living with less than Int$1.90 per day.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "Hd2YB:F%:V",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nFor how long will Earth remain habitable, absent big intervention?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nBetween 800 million and two billion years.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"We can be reasonably confident that the runaway and moist greenhouse effects […] pose an upper bound on how long life can continue to exist on Earth, but we remain uncertain about when they will occur, due to the familiar limitations of our climate models. Wolf & Toon (2015) find a moist greenhouse will occur at around 2 billion years, whereas Leconte et al. (2013) place a lower bound at 1 billion years.\n</p>\n\n<p class='answer'>\n\"The open question is whether carbon dioxide depletion or temperature increases will render Earth uninhabitable before the runaway or moist greenhouse limits are reached. Rushby et al. (2018) estimate carbon dioxide depletion will occur in around 800 million years for C3 photosynthesis, and around 500 million years later for C4 photosynthesis.\n</p>\n\n<p class='answer'>\n\"Over such long timespans, we cannot ignore the possibility that evolution may lead to new life forms able to exist in climates inhospitable to presently existing life forms. Indeed, the first C4 plants appeared around 32 million\nyears ago (Kellog, 2013).\" (<a href=\"https://theprecipice.com/\">Ord 2020</a>: 296–297)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "z80Lq/:Re5",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the number of working days in a year?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround 250.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAccording to <a href=\"https://www.work-day.co.uk/\">this online calculator</a>, the figures for the US, UK and Germany are 250, 253 and 255, respectively.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "mgyW|#sN(%",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the number of working hours in a year?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nFor Western nations, between 1,350 (Germany) and 1,750 (US).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/working-hours\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "n<E@0R_(g,",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat are Good Ventures's total assets?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n2.114 billion.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_990/461008520/10_2020_prefixes_45-46%2F461008520_201906_990PR_2020102217399905\">IRS filling</a>, p. 2, box 16c.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "d)&G$4^,=I",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the world population?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n7.87 billion (2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/projected-population-by-country?country=~OWID_WRL\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "jb)}b=3K[S",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the projected world population for 2050?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n9.74 billion.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/projected-population-by-country?country=~OWID_WRL\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "g+jtFI]w1G",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nAt what number will world population peak?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround 11 billion.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"In this projection the world population will be around 10.88 billion in 2100 and we would therefore expect ‘peak population’ to occur early in the 22nd century, at not much more than 10.88 billion.\" (<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/future-population-growth#the-un-population-projection-by-country-and-world-region-until-2100\">Our World in Data</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "d,l.N0FAye",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the population of China?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n1.44 billion (2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/projected-population-by-country?country=~CHN\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "s,EaUfEoU@",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the population of China projected for 2050?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n1.40 billion.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/projected-population-by-country?country=~CHN\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "n:65$5kqHk",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the population of India?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n1.39 billion (2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/projected-population-by-country?country=~IND\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "EG&Fiv}3l.",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the population of India projected for 2050?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n1.64 billion.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/projected-population-by-country?country=~IND\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "H9]Dyv?Q}_",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the population of the United States?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n333 million (2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/projected-population-by-country?country=~USA\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "vwz7Yx}l/E",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the population of the United States projected for 2050?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n379 million.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/projected-population-by-country?country=~USA\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "IC10A5uMGS",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the population of Europe?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n748 million (2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/projected-population-by-country?country=~Europe\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "dc*v(Cpl0#",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the population of Europe projected for 2050?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n710 million.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/projected-population-by-country?country=~Europe\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "d!r;H=,lC5",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow much energy does a human brain consume?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n20 W.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/JacquelineLing.shtml\">The Physics Factbook</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "Pdt_SjhT$[",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat are typical estimates for the value of statistical life in the United States?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround $7 million.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"The Value of Statistical Life (VSL) is arguably the most important number in benefit-cost analyses of environmental, health, and transportation policies. However, agencies have used a wide range of VSL values. One reason may be the embarrassment of riches when it comes to VSL studies. While meta-analysis is a standard way to synthesize information across studies, we now have multiple competing meta-analyses and reviews. Thus, to analysts, picking one such meta-analysis may feel as hard as picking a single \"best study.\" This paper responds by taking the meta-analysis another step, estimating a meta-analysis (or mixture distribution) of six meta-analyses. The baseline model yields a central VSL of $7.0m, with a 90% confidence interval of $2.4m to $11.2m. The provided code allows users to easily change subjective weights on the studies, add new studies, or change adjustments for income, inflation, and latency.\" (<a href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w29185\">Banzhaf 2021</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "D3~}yo_pwA",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many neurons are in the human brain?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n86 billion.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.21974\">Azevedo <i>et al</i> 2009</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "GJo]L0u*TL",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many neurons are contained in the brains of all living animals?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround \\(3 \\times 10^{23}\\).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nGeorgia Ray's <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MbkEkQy9OfUNfb27z0zCIaCMTELTdaSB1g9Ds-2WKSU/edit#gid=1855091310\">estimates</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "xSKq!h|2ij",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat fraction of all living neurons are human neurons?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAbout 0.22%.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nComputed from Georgia Ray's <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MbkEkQy9OfUNfb27z0zCIaCMTELTdaSB1g9Ds-2WKSU/edit#gid=1855091310\">estimates</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "B}TAA^Zi~n",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat fraction of all living neurons are mammal neurons?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAbout 0.26%.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nComputed from Georgia Ray's <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MbkEkQy9OfUNfb27z0zCIaCMTELTdaSB1g9Ds-2WKSU/edit#gid=1855091310\">estimates</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "G?B*pu6=ST",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat fraction of all living neurons are bird neurons?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAbout 0.03%.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nComputed from Georgia Ray's <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MbkEkQy9OfUNfb27z0zCIaCMTELTdaSB1g9Ds-2WKSU/edit#gid=1855091310\">estimates</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "i}CdcS{Z|u",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat fraction of all living neurons are fish neurons?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAbout 33%.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nComputed from Georgia Ray's <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MbkEkQy9OfUNfb27z0zCIaCMTELTdaSB1g9Ds-2WKSU/edit#gid=1855091310\">estimates</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "LaZXz:=9Ta",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat fraction of all living neurons are invertebrate neurons?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAbout 66%.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nComputed from Georgia Ray's <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1MbkEkQy9OfUNfb27z0zCIaCMTELTdaSB1g9Ds-2WKSU/edit#gid=1855091310\">estimates</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "g0H6XV(~JN",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the estimated number of lives saved by smallpox eradication?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nBetween 150 and 200 million.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"To date the eradication of smallpox saved millions of lives. It is impossible to know very exactly how many people would have died of smallpox since 1980 if scientists had not developed the vaccine, but reasonable estimates are in the range of around 5 million lives per year, which implies that between 1980 and 2018 around 150 to 200 million lives have been saved.\" (<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/smallpox#lives-saved-from-smallpox-eradication\">Our World in Data</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "xhhw!M@EwJ",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many people have been killed by mosquito-borne diseases?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAbout 52 billion.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources?isbn=9780735235793\">Winegard 2019</a>. This figure has not been vetted and may not be accurate.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "im16B#51^J",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the annual volume of Open Philanthropy's grantmaking?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround $270 million (2017–2020).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.openphilanthropy.org/giving/grants\">Open Philanthropy</a>. Between 2017 and 2020, Open Phil granted $312,480,277, $197,047,477, $297,963,147 and $272,128,076, respectively, the average of which is $269,904,744. Prior to 2017, the annual volume of grants was much lower.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "Fn3i6n+b=V",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the cumulative volume of Open Philanthropy's grants related to global catastrophic risks (including AI and biorisk)?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$284 million (June 2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.openphilanthropy.org/giving/grants\">Open Philanthropy</a> (adding the following categories: Biosecurity and Pandemic Preparedness [93 million], Global Catastrophic Risks [35 million] and Potential Risks from Advanced Artificial Intelligence [157 million]).\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "o5x_gaBWS(",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the cumulative volume of Open Philanthropy's grants related to global health and development?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$491 million (June 2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.openphilanthropy.org/giving/grants\">Open Philanthropy</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "Pvf47/e3%r",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the cumulative volume of Open Philanthropy's grants related to farm animal welfare?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$141 million (June 2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.openphilanthropy.org/giving/grants\">Open Philanthropy</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "DDE+W!8fw+",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow much money has GiveWell moved?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$674 million (2011–2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.givewell.org/about/impact\">GiveWell</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "eh53{=:`>1",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow much money in total do Americans donate annually?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$450 billion (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"Americans gave $449.64 billion in 2019. This reflects a 5.1% increase from 2018.\" (<a href=\"https://www.nptrust.org/philanthropic-resources/charitable-giving-statistics/\">National Philanthropic Trust</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "s(wKyzm]Dp",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow much money in total do American foundations donate annually?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$76 billion (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"Foundation giving in 2019 increased to $75.69 billion—a 2.5% increase from 2018.\" (<a href=\"https://www.nptrust.org/philanthropic-resources/charitable-giving-statistics/\">National Philanthropic Trust</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "kN8Wa7HUx$",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow much money has Animal Charity Evaluators moved?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$26.4 million (2014–2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://animalcharityevaluators.org/about/impact/giving-metrics/\">Animal Charity Evaluators</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "P!Pb&iG.@K",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many people have taken the Giving What We Can pledge?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n7,233 (June 2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/about-us/members/\">Giving What We Can</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "vFvxe*rrP2",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many monthly visitors does the EA Forum receive?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround 25,000 (2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nCEA (private communication).\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "OtB~p.z9p|",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many EA active groups are there?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nPerhaps 200 (2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://eahub.org/groups/\">EA Hub</a> lists 244 groups, but some are probably not active.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "wo7y[+7<|Z",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat fraction of their income does the median EA donate?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround 3% (2018).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"The median percentage of income donated in 2018 was 3.23%.\" (<a href=\"https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/29xPsh2MKkYGCuJhS/ea-survey-2019-series-donation-data\">EA Survey</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "C0VE0+1/Xf",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many highly engaged EAs are there?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround 2,300 (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"we estimate there are around 2315 highly engaged EAs and 6500 (90% CI: 4700-10,000) active EAs in the community overall.\" (<a href=\"https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/zQRHAFKGWcXXicYMo/ea-survey-2019-series-how-many-people-are-there-in-the-ea\">EA Survey</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "E|%x<l[k$g",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many people does 80,000 Hours advise in a year?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround 240 (average of 2017–2020).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rWfQ3Lja2kYoUm_t9uNqBgEn5nz6KL8fmNP5db8cZRU/edit#bookmark=kix.z9l7j1qxtsho\">80,000 Hours</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "K?k_hk?+7r",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many atoms are there in the affectable universe?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nBetween \\(10^{78}\\) and \\(10^{82}\\).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"it is estimated that the there are between \\(10^{78}\\) and \\(10^{82}\\) atoms in the known, observable universe.\" (<a href=\"https://www.universetoday.com/36302/atoms-in-the-universe/\">Villanueva 2009</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "PEecj7+ef.",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the market capitalization of the Big Five?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround $8.5 trillion (June 2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://companiesmarketcap.com/tech/largest-tech-companies-by-market-cap/\">Companies Market Cap</a>. The Big Five are Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Google and Facebook. The largest Big Five company (Apple) is worth around $2 trillion, roughly twice as much as the smallest (Facebook).\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "qIGgv6a#+^",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the budget of the World Health Organization?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$4.5 billion (2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/summary\">World Health Organization</a>. Note that WHO reports budgets biennially, so the figure in their report is $9 billion.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "K,d.MjiLUL",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the budget of the United Nations?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$57 billion (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://unsceb.org/fs-revenue\">United Nations</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "p@o`lx{6^m",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the budget of the Biological Weapons Convention?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$1.4 million (2019).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://undocs.org/pdf?symbol=en/BWC/MSP/2019/5#:~:text=5.,been%20received%20from%20States%20Parties.\">Report on the Overall Financial Situation of the Biological Weapons Convention</a>, p. 3, table 1. \"Consider the possibility of engineered pandemics, which we shall soon see to be one of the largest risks facing humanity. The international body responsible for the continued prohibition of bioweapons (the Biological Weapons Convention) has an annual budget of just $1.4 million—less than the average McDonald’s restaurant.\" (<a href=\"https://theprecipice.com/\">Ord 2020</a>: 57)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "o1C1;3&$7Y",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the budget of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n€71 million (2020).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/opcw-numbers\">OPCW</a> (<a href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=71+eur+to+usd\">convert</a> to USD).\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "J:LIi.VQjQ",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is Japan's life expectancy at birth?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n84.3 years (2020).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy\">Wikipedia</a>. Japan is the country with the highest life expectancy in the world (81.5 years for males and 86.9 years for females).\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "HuzI3?FIX9",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is Lesotho's life expectancy at birth?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n50.7 years (2020).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy\">Wikipedia</a>. Lesotho is the country with the lowest life expectancy in the world (47.7 years for males and 54.2 years for females).\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "l?T{WvM*nS",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the world's life expectancy at birth?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n73.3 years (2020).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy\">Wikipedia</a> (70.8 years for males and 75.9 years for females).\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "J#)}ih<z~Z",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat was the world's life expectancy at birth in 1800?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n28.5 years.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy#rising-life-expectancy-around-the-world\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "Ou<JZPaI#R",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many millionaires are there in the world?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n56 million (2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_millionaires\">Wikipedia</a>. About 40% of the world's millionaires are in the United States.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "Q:!tz$k:nH",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many billionaires are there in the world?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n2,755 (March 2021).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_billionaires#cite_note-Forbes-1\">Wikipedia</a>. The United States and China have roughly the same number of billionaires, and they together account for about half of the world's billionaires.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "M1pmaH[VV[",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow much computational power does it take to match the human brain?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nSomething like \\(10^{15}\\) floating point operations per second.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"Overall, I think it more likely than not that \\(10^{15}\\) FLOP/s is enough to perform tasks as well as the human brain (given the right software, which may be very hard to create). And I think it unlikely (<10%) that more than \\(10^{21}\\) FLOP/s is required. But I’m not a neuroscientist, and there’s no consensus in neuroscience (or elsewhere).\" (<a href=\"https://www.openphilanthropy.org/brain-computation-report\">Carlsmith 2020</a>; see the <a href=\"https://www.openphilanthropy.org/brain-computation-report#Appendix5\">appendix</a> for additional estimates)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "P|dovMnU=*",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat share of total computation did pocket calculators account for in 1986?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n41%.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"The calculator laid the cornerstone for modern microprocessors and was still the dominant way to compute information in 1986 (41% of \\(3.0 \\times 10^{8}\\) general-purpose MIPS [million operations per second]).\" (<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200970\">Hilbert & López 2011</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "gsaxif`Eu5",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow old is the oldest independent, continuously operating company in history?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n1,428 years (578–2006).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_companies\">Wikipedia</a>. The business is question is Kongō Gumi, a construction company founded in 578. In 2006, it became a subsidiary of the Takamatsu Construction Group.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "Bh)+X*<EH}",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow much primary energy does the world consume in a year?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n162,000 terawatt-hours.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy?tab=chart&country=~OWID_WRL&Total+or+Breakdown=Total&Energy+or+Electricity=Primary+energy&Metric=Annual+consumption\">Our World in Data</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "OZxu[CHcr+",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat is the cost of averting a death by supporting a top GiveWell charity?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n$3,000–$5,000.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"We estimate that $3,000 - $5,000 will save a life.\" (<a href=\"https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities\">GiveWell</a>) The charities for which this estimate is given are Malaria Consortium, Against Malaria Foundation, Helen Keller International and New Incentives. More precise figures may be found in their <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/16XOOB1oWse1ICbF0OVXUYtwWwpvG3mxAAQ6LYAAndQU/edit#gid=1034883018&range=A29\">cost-effectiveness model</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "ho.RH#(gDE",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many chickens does the average American eat every year?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n23 (2013).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://countinganimals.com/how-many-animals-does-a-vegetarian-save/\">Sethu 2015</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "ue_e3^:I!@",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many cows does the average American eat every year?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n0.1 (2013).\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n<a href=\"https://countinganimals.com/how-many-animals-does-a-vegetarian-save/\">Sethu 2015</a>.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "g)5y5yT&|=",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many chicken-years are affected per dollar spent on broiler and cage-free campaigns?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n9–120.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"I estimate how many chickens will be affected by corporate cage-free and broiler welfare commitments won by all charities, in all countries, during all the years between 2005 and the end of 2018. According to my estimate, for every dollar spent, 9 to 120 years of chicken life will be affected. However, the estimate doesn't take into account indirect effects which could be more important.\" (<a href=\"https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/L5EZjjXKdNgcm253H/corporate-campaigns-affect-9-to-120-years-of-chicken-life\">Šimčikas 2019</a>) See <a href=\"https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/L5EZjjXKdNgcm253H/corporate-campaigns-affect-9-to-120-years-of-chicken-life#Ways_this_estimate_could_be_misleading\">this section</a> of that post for a list of ways in which the estimate may be misleading.\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "NqI2/ZIh9{",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many stars does the Milky Way contain?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n100–400 billion.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"[The Milky Way] is estimated to contain 100–400 billion stars and at least that number of planets.\" (<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way\">Wikipedia</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "M6^0k%KvKS",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many galaxies are there in the affectable universe?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround 7 billion.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"The affectable universe contains about 7 billion galaxies with a total of between \\(10^{21}\\) and \\(10^{23}\\) stars.\" (<a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01191\">Ord 2021</a>: 22)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "i4Rk]fYyc!",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nHow many affectable galaxies are lost every year?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nThree.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"Each year the affectable universe will only shrink in volume by about one part in 5 billion. Even if we waited a million years, it would only diminish by one part in 5 thousand. It would take 50 million years, before its volume would shrink by 1%. In absolute terms, these would be losses on a scale beyond normal comprehension: the loss of 3 entire galaxies for every year of delay — thousands of stars every second. But for most purposes it is the relative scale that matters.\" (<a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.01191\">Ord 2021</a>: 22)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "PK#__!l,UT",
"note_model_uuid": "ac1aec72-d922-11eb-a6d9-784f4393b0d7",
"tags": ["ea_numbers"]
},
{
"__type__": "Note",
"fields": [
"<p>\nWhat fraction of the world's population was killed by the Black Death?\n</p>\n",
"<p>\nAround 10%.\n</p>\n",
"<p>\n\"By my estimate, the deadliest event before the industrial revolution (the Black Death) killed ~9.7% of world population, and the deadliest event after the industrial revolution (the 1918 flu pandemic) killed 3.3% of world population. […] [M]y lowest plausible estimate adds up to 20,856,000, and my highest plausible estimate adds up to 68,016,000. The geometric mean of these two numbers is 37,666,533.\" (<a href=\"https://lukemuehlhauser.com/industrial-revolution/#DeadliestProcess\">Muehlhauser 2017</a>)\n</p>\n"
],
"guid": "HeI={YQfHc",