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getting_familiar_with_r
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getting_familiar_with_r
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R version 3.5.2 (2018-12-20) -- "Eggshell Igloo"
Copyright (C) 2018 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.
R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
Type 'contributors()' for more information and
'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R.
>
> 2 + 2
[1] 4
> 2*2
[1] 4
> 4-2
[1] 2
>
> "My name is Brandan"
[1] "My name is Brandan"
>
> paste("My", "name", "is" "Brandan")
Error: unexpected string constant in "paste("My", "name", "is" "Brandan""
> paste("My", "name", "is", "Brandan")
[1] "My name is Brandan"
> 2 < 3
[1] TRUE
> 2 > 3
[1] FALSE
> 2 == 3
[1] FALSE
> 2=3
Error in 2 = 3 : invalid (do_set) left-hand side to assignment
> 2==3
[1] FALSE
> 1=1
Error in 1 = 1 : invalid (do_set) left-hand side to assignment
> 2 == 3
[1] FALSE
> 1 = 1
Error in 1 = 1 : invalid (do_set) left-hand side to assignment
> 2 == 3
[1] FALSE
> 2 > 1
[1] TRUE
> 2.1 = 2
Error in 2.1 = 2 : invalid (do_set) left-hand side to assignment
> 2 == 3
[1] FALSE
> 2 > 1
[1] TRUE
> 2 > 1
[1] TRUE
> 1 < 2
[1] TRUE
>
> 2 + NA
[1] NA
> number <- 42
> number
[1] 42
> computer_name <- "HAL 9000"
> computer_name
[1] "HAL 9000"
> x <- 2
> y <- 5
> x * y
[1] 10
> x + 9
[1] 11
> x <- 5
> z <- "bacon"
>
> y <- -5
> x + y
[1] 0
>
> a <- 10
> b <- 20
> a <- b
> a
[1] 20
> "Some words"
[1] "Some words"
> length("Some words")
[1] 1
> many <- c(1, 5, 2, 3, 7)
> many
[1] 1 5 2 3 7
> many * 2
[1] 2 10 4 6 14
> 2 + "many"
Error in 2 + "many" : non-numeric argument to binary operator
>
> 2 + many
[1] 3 7 4 5 9
>
> names <-(tom, dick, harry)
Error: unexpected ',' in "names <-(tom,"
>
> names <- (tom, dick, harry)
Error: unexpected ',' in "names <- (tom,"
>
> names <- c(tom, dick, harry)
Error: object 'tom' not found
>
> names <- c("tom", "dick", "harry")
>
> c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) + c(10, 20)
longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length[1] 11 22 13 24 15
> book_prices <- c(19.99, 25.78, 5.33, 45.00, 22.45, 21.23)
> sum(book_prices)
[1] 139.78
> mean(book_prices)
[1] 23.29667
> mean(book_prices)
[1] 23.29667
> mean(book_prices)
[1] 23.29667
> median(book_prices)
[1] 21.84
> write(book_prices)
> write(book_prices)
> write (book_prices)
> min(book_prices)
[1] 5.33
> max(book_prices)
[1] 45
> length(book_prices)
[1] 6
> length(more_books)
Error: object 'more_books' not found
> more_books <- c(19.99, NA, 25.78, 5.33, NA, 45.00, 22.45, NA, 21.23)
> length(more_books)
[1] 9
> sum(more_books)
[1] NA
> ?arguements
No documentation for ‘arguements’ in specified packages and libraries:
you could try ‘??arguements’
>
> ?arguments
No documentation for ‘arguments’ in specified packages and libraries:
you could try ‘??arguments’
>
> ?Arguments
No documentation for ‘Arguments’ in specified packages and libraries:
you could try ‘??Arguments’
>
>
>
> ?sum
>
> sum(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 139.78
>
> sum(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 139.78
> ?mean
>
> mean(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
Error in mean.default(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE) :
'trim' must be numeric of length one
>
> mean(more_books, trim = 0, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 23.29667
>
> sum(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 139.78
> ?mean
> ?max
>
> mean(more_books, trim = 0, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 23.29667
> min(more_books, na.rm = FALSE)
[1] NA
>
> mean(more_books, trim = 0, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 23.29667
> min(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 5.33
>
> mean(more_books, trim = 0, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 23.29667
> min(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 5.33
> max(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 45
>
> library(historydata)
> library(dplyr)
Attaching package: �dplyr�
The following objects are masked from �package:stats�:
filter, lag
The following objects are masked from �package:base�:
intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
> library(dplyr_package)
Error in library(dplyr_package) :
there is no package called ‘dplyr_package’
> library(dplyr package)
Error: unexpected symbol in "library(dplyr package"
> library(dplyr)
> library(dplyr)
> library(dplyr)
> help(package = "historydata")
> head(paulist_missions, 10)
> str(paulist_missions)
Classes ‘tbl_df’, ‘tbl’ and 'data.frame': 841 obs. of 17 variables:
$ mission_number: int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
$ church : chr "St. Joseph's Church" "St. Michael's Church" "St. Mary's Church" "Church of St. John Evangelist" ...
$ city : chr "New York" "Loretto" "Hollidaysburg" "Johnstown" ...
$ state : chr "NY" "PA" "PA" "PA" ...
$ date_start : Date, format: "1851-04-06" "1851-04-27" "1851-05-18" "1851-05-31" ...
$ date_end : Date, format: "1851-04-20" "1851-05-11" "1851-05-28" "1851-06-08" ...
$ year : num 1851 1851 1851 1851 1851 ...
$ decade : chr "1850s" "1850s" "1850s" "1850s" ...
$ duration_days : int 14 14 10 8 14 15 11 7 9 11 ...
$ duration_weeks: Ord.factor w/ 4 levels "1 week or less"<..: 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 ...
$ confessions : int 6000 1700 1000 1000 4000 7000 1000 270 1000 600 ...
$ converts : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 ...
$ order : chr "Redemptorist" "Redemptorist" "Redemptorist" "Redemptorist" ...
$ lat : num 40.7 40.5 40.4 40.3 40.7 ...
$ long : num -74 -78.6 -78.4 -78.9 -74 ...
$ volume : int 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
$ page : int 1 6 11 12 15 18 20 22 22 23 ...
> glimpse(paulist_missions)
Observations: 841
Variables: 17
$ mission_number <int> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 2...
$ church <chr> "St. Joseph's Church", "St. Michael's Church", "St. Mary's Church", "Church of St. John Evangelist",...
$ city <chr> "New York", "Loretto", "Hollidaysburg", "Johnstown", "New York", "New York", "Erie", "Cussewago", "Y...
$ state <chr> "NY", "PA", "PA", "PA", "NY", "NY", "PA", "PA", "PA", "NY", "NY", "NY", "MI", "PA", "PA", "NY", "WV"...
$ date_start <date> 1851-04-06, 1851-04-27, 1851-05-18, 1851-05-31, 1851-09-28, 1851-10-19, 1851-11-17, 1851-12-01, 185...
$ date_end <date> 1851-04-20, 1851-05-11, 1851-05-28, 1851-06-08, 1851-10-12, 1851-11-03, 1851-11-28, 1851-12-08, 185...
$ year <dbl> 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1852, 1852, 1852, 1852, 1852, 1852, 1852, 1852...
$ decade <chr> "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "...
$ duration_days <int> 14, 14, 10, 8, 14, 15, 11, 7, 9, 11, 28, 14, 14, 14, 12, 10, 10, 14, 14, 14, 10, 14, 14, 14, 13, 7, ...
$ duration_weeks <ord> 2 weeks or less, 2 weeks or less, 2 weeks or less, 2 weeks or less, 2 weeks or less, 3 weeks or less...
$ confessions <int> 6000, 1700, 1000, 1000, 4000, 7000, 1000, 270, 1000, 600, 3100, 4000, 3000, 3000, 1700, 1400, 1250, ...
$ converts <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 10, 16, 3,...
$ order <chr> "Redemptorist", "Redemptorist", "Redemptorist", "Redemptorist", "Redemptorist", "Redemptorist", "Red...
$ lat <dbl> 40.71435, 40.50313, 40.42729, 40.32674, 40.71435, 40.71435, 42.12922, 41.79854, 40.27979, 43.04485, ...
$ long <dbl> -74.00597, -78.63030, -78.38890, -78.92197, -74.00597, -74.00597, -80.08506, -80.20982, -79.36559, -...
$ volume <int> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
$ page <int> 1, 6, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 22, 23, 27, 28, 31, 33, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 51, 51...
>
> head(paulist_missions$city, 20)
[1] "New York" "Loretto" "Hollidaysburg" "Johnstown" "New York" "New York" "Erie"
[8] "Cussewago" "Youngstown" "Saratoga" "Troy" "Albany" "Detroit" "Philadelphia"
[15] "Philadelphia" "Cohoes" "Wheeling" "Cincinnati" "Louisville" "Albany"
> (paulist_missions$convers, 1 - 20)
Error: unexpected ',' in "(paulist_missions$convers,"
>
> (paulist_missions$convers, 1-20)
Error: unexpected ',' in "(paulist_missions$convers,"
>
> (paulist_missions$convers, 1|20)
Error: unexpected ',' in "(paulist_missions$convers,"
>
> (paulist_missions$converts, 1,20)
Error: unexpected ',' in "(paulist_missions$converts,"
>
> (paulist_missions$converts, 20)
Error: unexpected ',' in "(paulist_missions$converts,"
>
> head(paulist_missions$converts, 20)
[1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 3
>
> head(paulist_missions$convers, mean)
Unknown or uninitialised column: 'convers'.Error in n < 0L :
comparison (3) is possible only for atomic and list types
>
> head(paulist_missions$converts, mean)
Error in n < 0L :
comparison (3) is possible only for atomic and list types
>
> mean(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 2.507729
>
> mean(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 2.507729
> max(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 50
> mean(paulist_missions$confessions)
[1] NA
> max(paulist_missions$confessions)
[1] NA
>
> mean(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 2.507729
> max(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 50
> mean(paulist_missions$confessions)
[1] NA
> max(paulist_missions$confessions,NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 11650
>
> mean(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 2.507729
> max(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 50
> mean(paulist_missions$confessions,NA, na.rm = TRUE)
Error in mean.default(paulist_missions$confessions, NA, na.rm = TRUE) :
'trim' must be numeric of length one
> mean(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 2.507729
> max(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 50
> mean(paulist_missions$confessions,trim = 0, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 1760.832
> max(paulist_missions$confessions,NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 11650
>
> ?ratio
No documentation for ‘ratio’ in specified packages and libraries:
you could try ‘??ratio’
>
> ?ratio
No documentation for ‘ratio’ in specified packages and libraries:
you could try ‘??ratio’
>
> ratio(paulist_missions)
Error in ratio(paulist_missions) : could not find function "ratio"
>
> ratio(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
Error in ratio(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts) :
could not find function "ratio"
>
> install.packages("ratio)
+ install.packages("ratio")
Error: unexpected symbol in:
"install.packages("ratio)
install.packages("ratio"
> install.packages(ratio)
Error in install.packages : object 'ratio' not found
> install.packages("ratio-package")
Installing package into ‘C:/Users/bpbuc/Documents/R/win-library/3.5’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Warning in install.packages :
package ‘ratio-package’ is not available (for R version 3.5.2)
> library(ratio-package)
Error in library(ratio - package) : 'package' must be of length 1
> library("ratio-package")
Error in library("ratio-package") :
there is no package called ‘ratio-package’
> library(ratio)
Error in library(ratio) : there is no package called ‘ratio’
> install.packages("ratio")
Installing package into ‘C:/Users/bpbuc/Documents/R/win-library/3.5’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
Warning in install.packages :
package ‘ratio’ is not available (for R version 3.5.2)
> # I received the following message when I attemped to install the ratio package "Warning in install.packages :
> package ‘ratio’ is not available (for R version 3.5.2)"
Error: unexpected input in " package ‘"
> # I received the following message when I attemped to install the ratio package "Warning in install.packages
> # package ‘ratio’ is not available (for R version 3.5.2)" ""
>
> plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> title("Confessions versus conversions")
> # I received the following message when I attemped to install the ratio package "Warning in install.packages
> # package ‘ratio’ is not available (for R version 3.5.2)" ""
>
> ?sum
> # I received the following message when I attemped to install the ratio package "Warning in install.packages
> # package ‘ratio’ is not available (for R version 3.5.2)" ""
>
> ?ratio
No documentation for ‘ratio’ in specified packages and libraries:
you could try ‘??ratio’
> plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> title("Confessions versus conversions")
>
> #plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> #title("Confessions versus conversions")
> help(package = "historydata")`
+
Error: Incomplete expression: help(package = "historydata")`
> #plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> #title("Confessions versus conversions")
> help(package = "historydata")
>
> #plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> #title("Confessions versus conversions")
> #help(package = "historydata")
> head(naval_promotions, 20)
>
> #plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> #title("Confessions versus conversions")
> #help(package = "historydata")
> head(naval_promotions, 50)
>
> #plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> #title("Confessions versus conversions")
> #help(package = "historydata")
> head(sama, 50)
Error in head(sama, 50) : object 'sama' not found
>
> #plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> #title("Confessions versus conversions")
> #help(package = "historydata")
> head(sarna, 50)
>
> #plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> #title("Confessions versus conversions")
> #help(package = "historydata")
> head(catholic_dioceses, 50)
>
> #plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> #title("Confessions versus conversions")
> #help(package = "historydata")
> head(methodists, 50)
>
> #plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> #title("Confessions versus conversions")
> #help(package = "historydata")
> head(quasi_war, 50)
>
> #plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> #title("Confessions versus conversions")
> #help(package = "historydata")
> head(presbyterians, 50)
>
> plot(presbyterians$received_exam, presbyterians$baptsims_adults)
Unknown or uninitialised column: 'baptsims_adults'.
> title("Exams v.Baptisms)
+
+ head(presbyterians, 50)
+
Error: Incomplete expression: title("Exams v.Baptisms)
head(presbyterians, 50)
> plot(presbyterians$received_exam, presbyterians$baptsims_adults)
Unknown or uninitialised column: 'baptsims_adults'.
> title("Exams v.Baptisms)
Error: Incomplete expression: title("Exams v.Baptisms)
> plot(presbyterians$received_exam, presbyterians$baptsims_adults)
Unknown or uninitialised column: 'baptsims_adults'.
> title ("Exams v.Baptisms)
Error: Incomplete expression: title ("Exams v.Baptisms)
> plot(presbyterians$received_exam, presbyterians$baptsims_adults)
Unknown or uninitialised column: 'baptsims_adults'.
> title ("Exams v. Baptisms")
> plot(presbyterians$received_exam, presbyterians$baptsims_adults)
Unknown or uninitialised column: 'baptsims_adults'.
> title("Exams versus Baptisms")
> plot(presbyterians$received_exam, presbyterians$baptisms_adult)
Unknown or uninitialised column: 'baptisms_adult'.
> title("Exams versus Baptisms")
> #plot(presbyterians$received_exam, presbyterians$baptisms_adult)
> #title("Exams versus Baptisms")
> head(presbyterians, 50)
> plot(presbyterians$received_exam, presbyterians$baptisms_adults)
> title("Exams versus Baptisms")
> #head(presbyterians, 50)
> plot(presbyterians$received_exam, presbyterians$baptisms_adults)
> title("Exams versus Baptisms")
> 42
[1] 42
> 3.1
[1] 3.1
> 2 + 2
[1] 4
> 2*2
[1] 4
> 4-2
[1] 2
>
> "Hello, beginning R programmer"
[1] "Hello, beginning R programmer"
> "My name is Brandan"
[1] "My name is Brandan"
>
> paste("Hello", "everybody")
[1] "Hello everybody"
> paste("My", "name", "is", "Brandan")
[1] "My name is Brandan"
> # This is true
> TRUE
[1] TRUE
>
> # This is false
> FALSE
[1] FALSE
> 2 < 3
[1] TRUE
> 2 > 3
[1] FALSE
> 2 == 3
[1] FALSE
> 2 == 3
[1] FALSE
> 2 > 1
[1] TRUE
> 2 > 1
[1] TRUE
> 1 < 2
[1] TRUE
>
> NA
[1] NA
> 2 + NA
[1] NA
> number <- 42
> number
[1] 42
> computer_name <- "HAL 9000"
> computer_name
[1] "HAL 9000"
> x <- 2
> y <- 5
> x * y
[1] 10
> x + 9
[1] 11
> x <- 5
> z <- "bacon"
>
> y <- -5
> x + y
[1] 0
>
> "Some words"
[1] "Some words"
> length("Some words")
[1] 1
> many <- c(1, 5, 2, 3, 7)
> many
[1] 1 5 2 3 7
> # 5
> many * 2
[1] 2 10 4 6 14
> 2 + many
[1] 3 7 4 5 9
>
> names <- c("tom", "dick", "harry")
>
> c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) + c(10, 20)
longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length[1] 11 22 13 24 15
> book_prices <- c(19.99, 25.78, 5.33, 45.00, 22.45, 21.23)
> sum(book_prices)
[1] 139.78
> mean(book_prices)
[1] 23.29667
> median(book_prices)
[1] 21.84
> min(book_prices)
[1] 5.33
> max(book_prices)
[1] 45
> book_prices >= mean(book_prices)
[1] FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE
> more_books <- c(19.99, NA, 25.78, 5.33, NA, 45.00, 22.45, NA, 21.23)
> length(more_books)
[1] 9
> sum(more_books)
[1] NA
> sum(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 139.78
> ?mean
> ?max
>
> mean(more_books, trim = 0, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 23.29667
> min(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 5.33
> max(more_books, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 45
>
> library(historydata)
> library(dplyr)
> head(paulist_missions, 10)
> str(paulist_missions)
Classes ‘tbl_df’, ‘tbl’ and 'data.frame': 841 obs. of 17 variables:
$ mission_number: int 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
$ church : chr "St. Joseph's Church" "St. Michael's Church" "St. Mary's Church" "Church of St. John Evangelist" ...
$ city : chr "New York" "Loretto" "Hollidaysburg" "Johnstown" ...
$ state : chr "NY" "PA" "PA" "PA" ...
$ date_start : Date, format: "1851-04-06" "1851-04-27" "1851-05-18" "1851-05-31" ...
$ date_end : Date, format: "1851-04-20" "1851-05-11" "1851-05-28" "1851-06-08" ...
$ year : num 1851 1851 1851 1851 1851 ...
$ decade : chr "1850s" "1850s" "1850s" "1850s" ...
$ duration_days : int 14 14 10 8 14 15 11 7 9 11 ...
$ duration_weeks: Ord.factor w/ 4 levels "1 week or less"<..: 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 ...
$ confessions : int 6000 1700 1000 1000 4000 7000 1000 270 1000 600 ...
$ converts : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 ...
$ order : chr "Redemptorist" "Redemptorist" "Redemptorist" "Redemptorist" ...
$ lat : num 40.7 40.5 40.4 40.3 40.7 ...
$ long : num -74 -78.6 -78.4 -78.9 -74 ...
$ volume : int 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
$ page : int 1 6 11 12 15 18 20 22 22 23 ...
> glimpse(paulist_missions)
Observations: 841
Variables: 17
$ mission_number <int> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 2...
$ church <chr> "St. Joseph's Church", "St. Michael's Church", "St. Mary's Church", "Church of St. John Evangelist",...
$ city <chr> "New York", "Loretto", "Hollidaysburg", "Johnstown", "New York", "New York", "Erie", "Cussewago", "Y...
$ state <chr> "NY", "PA", "PA", "PA", "NY", "NY", "PA", "PA", "PA", "NY", "NY", "NY", "MI", "PA", "PA", "NY", "WV"...
$ date_start <date> 1851-04-06, 1851-04-27, 1851-05-18, 1851-05-31, 1851-09-28, 1851-10-19, 1851-11-17, 1851-12-01, 185...
$ date_end <date> 1851-04-20, 1851-05-11, 1851-05-28, 1851-06-08, 1851-10-12, 1851-11-03, 1851-11-28, 1851-12-08, 185...
$ year <dbl> 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1851, 1852, 1852, 1852, 1852, 1852, 1852, 1852, 1852...
$ decade <chr> "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "1850s", "...
$ duration_days <int> 14, 14, 10, 8, 14, 15, 11, 7, 9, 11, 28, 14, 14, 14, 12, 10, 10, 14, 14, 14, 10, 14, 14, 14, 13, 7, ...
$ duration_weeks <ord> 2 weeks or less, 2 weeks or less, 2 weeks or less, 2 weeks or less, 2 weeks or less, 3 weeks or less...
$ confessions <int> 6000, 1700, 1000, 1000, 4000, 7000, 1000, 270, 1000, 600, 3100, 4000, 3000, 3000, 1700, 1400, 1250, ...
$ converts <int> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 10, 16, 3,...
$ order <chr> "Redemptorist", "Redemptorist", "Redemptorist", "Redemptorist", "Redemptorist", "Redemptorist", "Red...
$ lat <dbl> 40.71435, 40.50313, 40.42729, 40.32674, 40.71435, 40.71435, 42.12922, 41.79854, 40.27979, 43.04485, ...
$ long <dbl> -74.00597, -78.63030, -78.38890, -78.92197, -74.00597, -74.00597, -80.08506, -80.20982, -79.36559, -...
$ volume <int> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
$ page <int> 1, 6, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 22, 23, 27, 28, 31, 33, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 51, 51...
>
> head(paulist_missions$city, 20)
[1] "New York" "Loretto" "Hollidaysburg" "Johnstown" "New York" "New York" "Erie"
[8] "Cussewago" "Youngstown" "Saratoga" "Troy" "Albany" "Detroit" "Philadelphia"
[15] "Philadelphia" "Cohoes" "Wheeling" "Cincinnati" "Louisville" "Albany"
> head(paulist_missions$converts, 20)
[1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 3
>
> mean(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 2.507729
> max(paulist_missions$converts)
[1] 50
> mean(paulist_missions$confessions,trim = 0, NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 1760.832
> max(paulist_missions$confessions,NA, na.rm = TRUE)
[1] 11650
>
> # I received the following message when I attemped to install the ratio package "Warning in install.packages
> # package ‘ratio’ is not available (for R version 3.5.2)" ""
>
> plot(paulist_missions$confessions, paulist_missions$converts)
> title("Confessions versus conversions")
> plot(presbyterians$received_exam, presbyterians$baptisms_adults)
> title("Exams versus Baptisms")