diff --git a/src/Persistence/Sql/Expression.php b/src/Persistence/Sql/Expression.php
index befe2b1a8..99bcfc9a0 100644
--- a/src/Persistence/Sql/Expression.php
+++ b/src/Persistence/Sql/Expression.php
@@ -235,6 +235,41 @@ protected function escapeParam($value): string
         return $name;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @template TValue
+     * @template TNode
+     *
+     * @param list<TValue>                        $values
+     * @param int<2, max>                         $n
+     * @param \Closure(list<TValue|TNode>): TNode $mapNodeFx
+     *
+     * @return ($mapNodeFx is null ? TValue|list<TValue|list<mixed>> : TNode)
+     */
+    protected function makeNaryTree(array $values, int $n, ?\Closure $mapNodeFx = null)
+    {
+        if (count($values) <= $n) {
+            return $mapNodeFx === null
+                ? (count($values) === 1
+                    ? reset($values)
+                    : $values)
+                : (count($values) === 1
+                    ? $mapNodeFx($values)
+                    : $mapNodeFx(array_map(static fn ($v) => $mapNodeFx([$v]), $values)));
+        }
+
+        $maxDepth = (int) ceil(log(count($values), $n));
+        $countPerNode = $n ** ($maxDepth - 1);
+
+        $res = array_map(
+            fn ($values) => $this->makeNaryTree($values, $n, $mapNodeFx),
+            array_chunk($values, $countPerNode)
+        );
+
+        return $mapNodeFx === null
+            ? $res
+            : $mapNodeFx($res);
+    }
+
     /**
      * This method should be used only when string value cannot be bound.
      */
diff --git a/src/Persistence/Sql/Mssql/ExpressionTrait.php b/src/Persistence/Sql/Mssql/ExpressionTrait.php
index cb7934f22..56cc6161c 100644
--- a/src/Persistence/Sql/Mssql/ExpressionTrait.php
+++ b/src/Persistence/Sql/Mssql/ExpressionTrait.php
@@ -49,18 +49,15 @@ protected function escapeStringLiteral(string $value): string
             $parts = ['\'\''];
         }
 
-        $buildConcatSqlFx = static function (array $parts) use (&$buildConcatSqlFx): string {
-            if (count($parts) > 1) {
-                $partsLeft = array_slice($parts, 0, intdiv(count($parts), 2));
-                $partsRight = array_slice($parts, count($partsLeft));
-
-                return 'concat(cast(' . $buildConcatSqlFx($partsLeft) . ' as NVARCHAR(MAX)), ' . $buildConcatSqlFx($partsRight) . ')';
+        return $this->makeNaryTree($parts, 10, static function (array $parts) {
+            if (count($parts) === 1) {
+                return reset($parts);
             }
 
-            return reset($parts);
-        };
+            $parts[0] = 'cast(' . $parts[0] . ' as NVARCHAR(MAX))';
 
-        return $buildConcatSqlFx($parts);
+            return 'concat(' . implode(', ', $parts) . ')';
+        });
     }
 
     #[\Override]
diff --git a/src/Persistence/Sql/Mysql/ExpressionTrait.php b/src/Persistence/Sql/Mysql/ExpressionTrait.php
index 39134e1d6..d414bc96f 100644
--- a/src/Persistence/Sql/Mysql/ExpressionTrait.php
+++ b/src/Persistence/Sql/Mysql/ExpressionTrait.php
@@ -22,18 +22,13 @@ protected function escapeStringLiteral(string $value): string
             $parts = ['\'\''];
         }
 
-        $buildConcatSqlFx = static function (array $parts) use (&$buildConcatSqlFx): string {
-            if (count($parts) > 1) {
-                $partsLeft = array_slice($parts, 0, intdiv(count($parts), 2));
-                $partsRight = array_slice($parts, count($partsLeft));
-
-                return 'concat(' . $buildConcatSqlFx($partsLeft) . ', ' . $buildConcatSqlFx($partsRight) . ')';
+        return $this->makeNaryTree($parts, 10, static function (array $parts) {
+            if (count($parts) === 1) {
+                return reset($parts);
             }
 
-            return reset($parts);
-        };
-
-        return $buildConcatSqlFx($parts);
+            return 'concat(' . implode(', ', $parts) . ')';
+        });
     }
 
     #[\Override]
diff --git a/src/Persistence/Sql/Oracle/ExpressionTrait.php b/src/Persistence/Sql/Oracle/ExpressionTrait.php
index 00cb0bdd2..8bcd045b6 100644
--- a/src/Persistence/Sql/Oracle/ExpressionTrait.php
+++ b/src/Persistence/Sql/Oracle/ExpressionTrait.php
@@ -12,18 +12,13 @@ protected function escapeStringLiteral(string $value): string
         // Oracle (multibyte) string literal is limited to 1332 bytes
         $parts = $this->splitLongString($value, 1000);
         if (count($parts) > 1) {
-            $buildConcatExprFx = function (array $parts) use (&$buildConcatExprFx): string {
-                if (count($parts) > 1) {
-                    $partsLeft = array_slice($parts, 0, intdiv(count($parts), 2));
-                    $partsRight = array_slice($parts, count($partsLeft));
-
-                    return 'concat(' . $buildConcatExprFx($partsLeft) . ', ' . $buildConcatExprFx($partsRight) . ')';
+            return $this->makeNaryTree($parts, 2, function (array $parts) {
+                if (count($parts) === 1) {
+                    return 'TO_CLOB(' . $this->escapeStringLiteral(reset($parts)) . ')';
                 }
 
-                return 'TO_CLOB(' . $this->escapeStringLiteral(reset($parts)) . ')';
-            };
-
-            return $buildConcatExprFx($parts);
+                return 'concat(' . implode(', ', $parts) . ')';
+            });
         }
 
         $parts = [];
@@ -50,18 +45,13 @@ protected function escapeStringLiteral(string $value): string
             $parts = ['\'\''];
         }
 
-        $buildConcatSqlFx = static function (array $parts) use (&$buildConcatSqlFx): string {
-            if (count($parts) > 1) {
-                $partsLeft = array_slice($parts, 0, intdiv(count($parts), 2));
-                $partsRight = array_slice($parts, count($partsLeft));
-
-                return 'concat(' . $buildConcatSqlFx($partsLeft) . ', ' . $buildConcatSqlFx($partsRight) . ')';
+        return $this->makeNaryTree($parts, 2, static function (array $parts) {
+            if (count($parts) === 1) {
+                return reset($parts);
             }
 
-            return reset($parts);
-        };
-
-        return $buildConcatSqlFx($parts);
+            return 'concat(' . implode(', ', $parts) . ')';
+        });
     }
 
     /**
@@ -109,23 +99,18 @@ protected function convertLongStringToClobExpr(string $value): Expression
         // Oracle (multibyte) string literal is limited to 1332 bytes
         $parts = $this->splitLongString($value, 1000);
 
-        $exprArgs = [];
-        $buildConcatExprFx = static function (array $parts) use (&$buildConcatExprFx, &$exprArgs): string {
-            if (count($parts) > 1) {
-                $partsLeft = array_slice($parts, 0, intdiv(count($parts), 2));
-                $partsRight = array_slice($parts, count($partsLeft));
+        $sqlArgs = [];
+        $sql = $this->makeNaryTree($parts, 2, static function (array $parts) use (&$sqlArgs) {
+            if (count($parts) === 1) {
+                $sqlArgs[] = reset($parts);
 
-                return 'concat(' . $buildConcatExprFx($partsLeft) . ', ' . $buildConcatExprFx($partsRight) . ')';
+                return 'TO_CLOB([])';
             }
 
-            $exprArgs[] = reset($parts);
-
-            return 'TO_CLOB([])';
-        };
-
-        $expr = $buildConcatExprFx($parts);
+            return 'concat(' . implode(', ', $parts) . ')';
+        });
 
-        return $this->expr($expr, $exprArgs); // @phpstan-ignore return.type
+        return $this->expr($sql, $sqlArgs); // @phpstan-ignore return.type
     }
 
     #[\Override]
diff --git a/src/Persistence/Sql/Postgresql/ExpressionTrait.php b/src/Persistence/Sql/Postgresql/ExpressionTrait.php
index 53c2f709b..c777666a4 100644
--- a/src/Persistence/Sql/Postgresql/ExpressionTrait.php
+++ b/src/Persistence/Sql/Postgresql/ExpressionTrait.php
@@ -43,18 +43,13 @@ protected function escapeStringLiteral(string $value): string
             $parts = ['\'\''];
         }
 
-        $buildConcatSqlFx = static function (array $parts) use (&$buildConcatSqlFx): string {
-            if (count($parts) > 1) {
-                $partsLeft = array_slice($parts, 0, intdiv(count($parts), 2));
-                $partsRight = array_slice($parts, count($partsLeft));
-
-                return 'concat(' . $buildConcatSqlFx($partsLeft) . ', ' . $buildConcatSqlFx($partsRight) . ')';
+        return $this->makeNaryTree($parts, 10, static function (array $parts) {
+            if (count($parts) === 1) {
+                return reset($parts);
             }
 
-            return reset($parts);
-        };
-
-        return $buildConcatSqlFx($parts);
+            return 'concat(' . implode(', ', $parts) . ')';
+        });
     }
 
     #[\Override]
diff --git a/src/Persistence/Sql/Sqlite/ExpressionTrait.php b/src/Persistence/Sql/Sqlite/ExpressionTrait.php
index 73c48b09b..2231ad79a 100644
--- a/src/Persistence/Sql/Sqlite/ExpressionTrait.php
+++ b/src/Persistence/Sql/Sqlite/ExpressionTrait.php
@@ -18,18 +18,13 @@ protected function escapeStringLiteral(string $value): string
             }
         }
 
-        $buildConcatSqlFx = static function (array $parts) use (&$buildConcatSqlFx): string {
-            if (count($parts) > 1) {
-                $partsLeft = array_slice($parts, 0, intdiv(count($parts), 2));
-                $partsRight = array_slice($parts, count($partsLeft));
-
-                return 'concat(' . $buildConcatSqlFx($partsLeft) . ', ' . $buildConcatSqlFx($partsRight) . ')';
+        return $this->makeNaryTree($parts, 10, static function (array $parts) {
+            if (count($parts) === 1) {
+                return reset($parts);
             }
 
-            return reset($parts);
-        };
-
-        return $buildConcatSqlFx($parts);
+            return 'concat(' . implode(', ', $parts) . ')';
+        });
     }
 
     #[\Override]
diff --git a/src/Schema/TestCase.php b/src/Schema/TestCase.php
index d913ac58a..375a6b3d8 100644
--- a/src/Schema/TestCase.php
+++ b/src/Schema/TestCase.php
@@ -436,6 +436,7 @@ protected function markTestIncompleteOnMySQL8xPlatformAsBinaryLikeIsBroken(bool
         ) {
             // MySQL v8.0.22 and higher throws SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 3995 Character set 'binary'
             // cannot be used in conjunction with 'utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci' in call to regexp_like.
+            // TODO report
             // https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/blob/72136a6d15/sql/item_regexp_func.cc#L115-L120
             // https://dbfiddle.uk/9SA-omyF
             self::markTestIncomplete('MySQL 8.x has broken binary LIKE support');
diff --git a/tests/Persistence/Sql/ExpressionTest.php b/tests/Persistence/Sql/ExpressionTest.php
index 02a494406..a844fd7b2 100644
--- a/tests/Persistence/Sql/ExpressionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Persistence/Sql/ExpressionTest.php
@@ -257,24 +257,24 @@ public function testEscapeStringLiteral(): void
         self::assertSame('concat(\'\', x\'00\')', $escapeStringLiteralFx("\0"));
         self::assertSame('concat(\'a\', x\'0000\')', $escapeStringLiteralFx("a\0\0"));
         self::assertSame('concat(\'a\', x\'' . str_repeat('00', 10_000) . '\')', $escapeStringLiteralFx('a' . str_repeat("\0", 10_000)));
-        self::assertSame('concat(\'a\', concat(x\'006200\', \'c\'))', $escapeStringLiteralFx("a\0b\0c"));
+        self::assertSame('concat(\'a\', x\'006200\', \'c\')', $escapeStringLiteralFx("a\0b\0c"));
         self::assertSame(
-            'concat(\'a\', concat(x\'00' . str_repeat('62', 100) . '00\', \'c\'))',
+            'concat(\'a\', x\'00' . str_repeat('62', 100) . '00\', \'c\')',
             $escapeStringLiteralFx("a\0" . str_repeat('b', 100) . "\0c")
         );
         self::assertSame(
-            'concat(concat(\'a\', x\'00\'), concat(\'' . str_repeat('b', 101) . '\', concat(x\'00\', \'c\')))',
+            'concat(\'a\', x\'00\', \'' . str_repeat('b', 101) . '\', x\'00\', \'c\')',
             $escapeStringLiteralFx("a\0" . str_repeat('b', 101) . "\0c")
         );
 
         self::assertSame('\'foo\'', $escapeStringLiteralFx('foo', MysqlExpression::class));
         self::assertSame('x\'00\'', $escapeStringLiteralFx("\0", MysqlExpression::class));
         self::assertSame(
-            'concat(\'a\', concat(x\'00' . str_repeat('62', 100) . '00\', \'c\'))',
+            'concat(\'a\', x\'00' . str_repeat('62', 100) . '00\', \'c\')',
             $escapeStringLiteralFx("a\0" . str_repeat('b', 100) . "\0c", MysqlExpression::class)
         );
         self::assertSame(
-            'concat(concat(\'a\', x\'00\'), concat(\'' . str_repeat('b', 101) . '\', concat(x\'00\', \'c\')))',
+            'concat(\'a\', x\'00\', \'' . str_repeat('b', 101) . '\', x\'00\', \'c\')',
             $escapeStringLiteralFx("a\0" . str_repeat('b', 101) . "\0c", MysqlExpression::class)
         );
     }