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Getting Started

Installation

You can download the last release of Alire at the GitHub repository.

alr on Linux

On Linux, Alire is simply provided in an archive.

Once the archive is extracted you have to add alr in the environment PATH . This may be done for the duration of a terminal session by running the command below:

$ export PATH="<PATH_TO_EXTRACTED>/bin/:$PATH"

Those wanting to keep this path permanently in their PATH environment may do so by pasting the above command into the .profile file of their user's account.

Alire provides GNAT toolchains hosted on x86-64 for Linux. If those toolchains do not work for you, or if you are on another host architecture like ARM, you have the option to look at the GNAT toolchains from the Linux distribution.

alr on Windows

On Windows an installer is provided. The installer will create a shortcut to start PowerShell with Alire in the environment PATH.

The first time you run alr the program will ask if you want to install msys2. This is recommended as alr will use msys2 to automatically install required tools such as git or make that you would otherwise have to install manually. msys2 will also provide external libraries required by some projects in the Alire index, allowing you to build more projects out of the box.

Alire provides GNAT toolchains hosted on x86-64 for Windows. Those toolchains should work for all cases, if not, let us know.

alr on macOS

On macOS, Alire is simply provided in an archive.

Once the archive is extracted you have to add alr in the environment PATH:

$ export PATH="<PATH_TO_EXTRACTED>/bin/:$PATH"

If you try to run it on recent versions of macOS, you will get a popup saying “alr” cannot be opened because the developer cannot be verified. and inviting you to move it to the bin. The way round this is to remove the quarantine attribute,

$ xattr -d com.apple.quarantine bin/alr

Alire provides GNAT toolchains hosted on x86-64 for macOS. If those toolchains do not work for you, or if you are on another host architecture like the Apple M1, you have the option to look at the GNAT toolchains from the community.

alr for other platforms

If alr is not available on your platform, you can try to build it from sources. Go to the GitHub repository for more information.

First steps

The following miniguide shows how to obtain and build already packaged projects, and create your own. First, create or enter into some folder where you don't mind that new project folders are created by the alr tool

Run alr without arguments to get a summary of available commands.

Run alr --help for global options about verbosity.

Run alr help <command> for more details about a command.

Downloading, compiling and running an executable crate

Obtaining an executable project already cataloged in Alire is straightforward. We'll demonstrate it with the hello project which is a plain "Hello, world!" application (or you can use the hangman or eagle_lander projects as funnier alternatives).

Follow these steps:

  1. Issue alr get hello

  2. Enter the new folder you'll find under your current directory: cd hello*

  3. Build and run the project with alr run. This will build and then launch the resulting executable.

    The first time you run this command, the toolchain selection assistant will ask you to select your preferred default toolchains (GNAT compiler and GPRbuild). For this getting started example, we recommend to just press enter twice to select the defaults.

As a shorthand, you can use alr get --build hello to get and build the program in one step.

Creating a new crate

Alire allows you to initialize an empty binary or library crate with ease:

  1. Issue alr init --bin myproj (you can use --lib for a library project)

    The first time you run this command, alr will ask a couple of questions to automatically fill-in information about the crate:

    • GitHub login: is used to identify the maintainer of the crate when contributed to the community index.
    • Full name: Name of the author of the crate
    • Email address: Point of contact to author of the crate

    All the questions are optional, you can just press enter to use the default values.

    The alr init command will create a basic crate structure in the myproj directory.

  2. Enter the folder: cd myproj

  3. Build the crate: alr build

  4. Run the program: alr run

We can now edit the sources of this executable in the src/ directory. For instance, add a "Hello world" to src/myproj.adb:

with Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Myproj is
begin
   Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line ("Hello, world!");
end Myproj;

Use alr run to build and run the program again:

$ alr run
# Building myproj/myproj.gpr...
Compile
   [Ada]          myproj.adb
Bind
   [gprbind]      myproj.bexch
   [Ada]          myproj.ali
Link
   [link]         myproj.adb
Build finished successfully in 0.35 seconds.
Hello, world!

The Alire manifest

Besides the alr command, the main interface with Alire is the manifest.

The manifest is a text file named alire.toml in the root directory of the crate. It contains all sorts of information about the crate, some mandatory such as the name and version, others optional like the licenses. Alire manifests are written in TOML format.

You can have a look at the manifest to get a idea of its content, but nothing has to be edited by hand so far.

Dependencies and upgrading

Alire keeps track of dependencies in the manifest (alire.toml) of your crate.

Adding dependencies can be done with the alr with command:

  • alr with crate_name adds a dependency. You can immediately 'with' its packages in your code.
  • alr with --del crate_name removes a dependency.

Alternatively you can edit the file to add dependencies and then issue:

  • alr update, which will fetch any modified dependencies in your project.

Using alr with without arguments will show the current dependencies of your project. Using one of --solve, --tree, --versions, --graph will show different details about the complete solution needed to fulfill dependencies.

Add a dependency

Let's add a dependency to the libhello crate.

$ alr with libhello
Requested changes:

   # libhello ^1.0.0 (add)

Changes to dependency solution:

   + libhello 1.0.0 (new)

Do you want to proceed?
[Y] Yes  [N] No  (default is Yes)

alr is showing the new dependency solution, i.e. all the crates in the dependency graph and their version.

Press enter to accept the new solution.

alr will then download the sources of the libhello crate.

Use the dependency

You can now edit the src/myproj.adb source file again, and write this piece of code to call a function from the libhello crate:

with Libhello;
procedure Myproj is
begin
   libhello.Hello_World;
end Myproj;

Run alr run to build and run the new executable:

$ alr run
# Building myproj/myproj.gpr...
Setup
   [mkdir]        object directory for project Libhello
   [mkdir]        library directory for project Libhello
Compile
   [Ada]          myproj.adb
   [Ada]          libhello.adb
Build Libraries
   [gprlib]       hello.lexch
   [archive]      libhello.a
   [index]        libhello.a
Bind
   [gprbind]      myproj.bexch
   [Ada]          myproj.ali
Link
   [link]         myproj.adb
Build finished successfully in 0.34 seconds.
Hello, world!

As you can see, the libhello library sources are automatically built and linked in your program.

Finding available projects

For quick listing of crates and their descriptions you can use the search command with the --crates switch:

  • alr search --crates [substring]

Otherwise, search will look into releases, providing more details about specific releases:

  • alr search <substring> will look for substring in crate names.
  • alr search --list will list the latest release of every crate.
  • alr search --list --full will list all releases in the catalog.

Even more details are obtained with:

  • alr show <crate>

This last command will show generic information. To see the one that specifically applies to your platform:

  • alr show --system <crate>

The list of projects and their descriptions are also available on the Alire website:

Build environment

To create a build environment, alr sets environment variables such as GPR_PROJECT_PATH before running gprbuild. If you want to run gprbuild yourself or inside an editor (GNAT Studio), you can use the printenv command to print the build environment:

  • alr printenv

Troubleshooting

By default alr is quite terse and will hide the output of subprocesses, mostly reporting in case of failure. If you hit any problem, increasing verbosity (-v or even -vv) is usually enough to get an idea of the root of the problem. Additionally, -d will show tracebacks of exceptions.

Running tests

alr comes with a test suite for self-checks. See the instructions in the README of the testsuite folder.

Additionally, you can test in batch the building of crates in your platform with the alr test command. (See alr test --help output for instructions.)

Migration of an existing Ada/SPARK project to Alire

First you have to decide on a crate name for your project, this name will have to follow the naming rules of Alire. You can find those rules using the command:

$ alr help identifiers

Avoid using ada as a prefix for your crate name, this will make the project harder to find in a list. ada suffix is ok when the project is a binding for an existing library (e.g. sdlada, gtkada).

We will use the name my_crate as an example, and consider that the repository uses the same name.

Clone your project repository and enter the directory:

$ git clone https://github.com/github_login/my_crate.git
$ cd my_crate

At this point you have a choice:

  1. Let Alire generate a new GPR project file for you. This is recommended for most projects, and in particular if your project has simple code organization and GPR project file. One of the advantages is that Alire will create a GPR project file “standardized” for best integration in the ecosystem.

  2. Keep your existing GPR project file. This is recommended for projects with complex GPR project file(s).

1: Using Alire GPR project file

If you want Alire to generate a project you first have to delete the existing GPR project file:

$ rm *.gpr

And then use alr init command to create a skeleton for your crate:

For a library:

$ alr init --in-place --lib my_crate

For an application:

$ alr init --in-place --bin my_crate

If this is your first time using alr init, you will have to provide some information like your name and GitHub login.

You can ignore the warnings such as Cannot create '[...]/my_crate/src/my_crate.ads', Alire is trying to create a root package for your crate but you probably already have one.

From this point you can edit the GPR project file to change the source dir or compilation flags, if needed. And then try to compile your crate with:

$ alr build

2: Using your own GPR project file(s)

If you want to keep the existing GPR project file, use alr init with the --no-skel option to skip the project skeleton creation:

For a library:

$ alr init --in-place --no-skel --lib my_crate

For an application:

$ alr init --in-place --no-skel --bin my_crate

If this is your first time using alr init, you will have to provide some information like your name and GitHub login.

If your GPR project file does not match the crate name (i.e. my_crate.gpr), you have to add a project-files field in your alire.toml manifest. For instance:

project-files = ["project_file.gpr"]

Although this is not recommended (see Best practices), you can have multiple GPR project files:

project-files = ["project_file_1.gpr", "project_file_2.gpr"]

You can now compile your crate with:

$ alr build