slides.qmd

---
title: "Application of spatial {{< iconify satellite >}} data in economic analysis"
author: <a href="https://ahmedmoosman.github.io/"> Ahmed M.Osman </a>
subtitle: "PhD in Space Science and Technology<br><small>Bari, Italy</small>"
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---

# AGENDA

-   [Introduction](#introduction)
-   [Research Frontiers](#research-frontier-of-spatial-and-eo-data-in-economics)
-   [Strategic Potential Partners](#strategic-potential-partners)

# Introduction {#introduction background-color="#005573"}

## Introduction

The cheap availability of high-resolution satellite imagery has already become a powerful tool in economics, just as it has in other research fields and in the private sector.

[![Satellite VU 2023](figure1.jpg){fig-align="center" width="60%"}](https://www.satellitevu.com/press/hotsat-1s-pathfinder-success-transforms-setback-into-opportunity-for-satvu)

## Spatial and EO data for Economic analysis

[Conventionally, utilization of spatial or earth observation data for economic analysis was limited to a few economic fields :]{.fragment}

::: incremental
-   Environmental Economics
-   Urban/Regional Economics
-   Economics of Geography
:::

## Spatial and EO data for Economic analysis

[Owing to the recent development of computer vision algorithms, economists have used satellite data not just to explore novel questions but also to tackle questions that could not be answered with traditional data sources. Some of the recent applications include:]{.fragment}

::: incremental
-   GDP Measurement
-   Agricultural production
-   Economic activity
-   Urban development
-   Others
:::

## Tools and Techniques

#### Economists widely employed these two techniques to developed comprehensive analysis:

::: columns
::: {.column width="49%"}
-   GIS/Spatial Modeling:
    -   *Incorporating GIS or geographical elements in economic models*
-   Remote-sensing/EO data:
    -   *involves capturing and analyzing EO data.* {{< iconify satellite >}}
:::

::: {.column width="49%"}
![Los Angeles Expansion](LA_redline.png){width="60%"} ![Distance to water points](model_errors.png){width="63%"}
:::
:::

# Research Frontier of Spatial and EO Data in Economics {#research-frontier-of-spatial-and-eo-data-in-economics background-color="#005573"}

## Research Frontier of Spatial and EO Data in Economics

[Following the advancement of the AI and machine learning techniques, most of the papers use :]{.fragment}

::: incremental
-   Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics,
-   High-Resolution Satellite Imagery
:::

[Here are some of the papers.....]{.fragment}

## Recent applications

Teaching Machines to Measure Economic Activities from Satellite Images: Challenges and Solutions by **`Kim etal., 2020`**

::: columns
::: {.column width="49%"}
-   [How can we measure economic development without ground truth?]{style="font-size: 80%;"}
-   [Explored the effective integration of machine learning techniques with satellite imagery to extract economic measures, enabling more informed policy development.]{style="font-size: 80%;"}
:::

::: {.column width="49%"}
[![](sp1.png){width="60%"}](https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/altri-atti-convegni/2020-bi-frb-nontraditional-data/kim_paper.pdf)
:::
:::

## Teaching Machines to Measure Economic Activities.............

[**`Kim etal., 2020`** applied deep learning approach to satellite images to measure economic development in the settings where ground-truth data is not available.]{.fragment}

[**Model**]{.fragment}

[![Model](model.png){width="90%"}]{.fragment}

## Teaching Machines to Measure Economic Activities.....

#### Model

![Model](sicluster.png){width="100%"}

## Teaching Machines to Measure Economic Activities.....

#### Model

![Model](pog.png){width="90%"}

## Teaching Machines to Measure Economic Activities.....

#### Model

![Model](SIcor.png){width="90%"}

## Recent applications

#### Remotely-sensed market activity as a high-frequency economic indicator in remote rural areas by ***`Carnap (2023)`***

::: columns
::: {.column width="49%"}
-   [Presents a scalable method generating a high-frequency economic activity measure for rural areas of developing countries]{style="font-size: 70%;"}
-   [Not only displays an intuitive variation with respect to exogenous shocks but also temporal and geographical detail at which remote sensing-based analyses are possible.]{style="font-size: 70%;"}
:::

::: {.column width="49%"}
[![](paper2.png){width="80%"}](https://www.dropbox.com/s/zl56x7v74xfxrxa/MarketTracking_latest.pdf?d=0)
:::
:::

## Remotely-sensed market activity.............

**`Carnap's, 2023`** paper presented a method allows for the detection of periodic marketplaces and their monitoring over time.

**Model**

![](fig2.png){fig-align="center" width="60%"}

## Remotely-sensed market....

![](paper2model.png){fig-align="center" width="60%"}

## Recent applications

other papers

::: incremental
-   The Curse of Bad Geography: Stagnant Water, Diseases, and Children’s Human Capital by **`Berggreen and Mattisson`** of Lund University ([2023](https://stevebc87.github.io/steveberggreen/jmp/BerggreenMattisson_Stagnant_Water.pdf)).
-   Do poverty and wealth look the same the world over? A comparative study of 12 cities from five high-income countries using street images by **`Suel et al`** ([2023](https://epjdatascience.springeropen.com/articles/10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00394-6#citeas)).
:::

# Strategic potential partners {#strategic-potential-partners background-color="#005573"}

## Strategic potential partners

[Some of the strategic parteners for future collaboration are:]{.fragment}

::: incremental
-   European Innovation Council
-   EARSC
-   Jameel Observatory
-   United Nations Global Geospatial Information Management
-   The Center on Food Security and the Environment
:::

# Thanks {background-color="#005573" style="text-align: center"}