13_moduły_i_pakiety.ipynb

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  {
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   "source": [
    "# Język Python\n",
    "## Moduły i pakiety"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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   "source": [
    "## Wyrażenie import"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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     "slide_type": "subslide"
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   },
   "source": [
    "* Zmienna `__name__` zawiera nazwę bieżącego modułu"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "source": [
    "    #!/usr/bin/python3\n",
    "    # Filename: using_name.py\n",
    "    \n",
    "    if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
    "        print('This program is being run by itself')\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('I am module {!r} imported from another module'.format(__name__))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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   "source": [
    "Przykładowe uruchomienia:\n",
    "    \n",
    "    $ python3 using_name.py\n",
    "    This program is being run by itself\n",
    "    \n",
    "    $ python3\n",
    "    >>> import using_name\n",
    "    I am module 'using_name' imported from another module\n",
    "    >>>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "source": [
    "* **import**\n",
    "    * dołącza plik z $PYTHONPATH: .:/usr/local/lib/python\n",
    "    \n",
    "* **import test**\n",
    "    * Do x w test odwołujemy się przez \"test.x\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "* **from test import x**\n",
    "    * Do x w test odwołujemy się przez \"x\"\n",
    "    * Nie mamy dostępu do innych składowych, ani do samego \"test\"\n",
    "    \n",
    "* **import test.x.y** \n",
    "    * Do y odwołujemy się przez \"test.x.y\"    \n",
    "* **from test.x import y**\n",
    "    * Do y odwołujemy się przez \"y\"\n",
    "* from test import *\n",
    "    * Wczytuje wszystko z test. Do x w test odwołujemy się przez \"x\" (nie zalecane)\n",
    "    \n",
    "* **import test as theTest** \n",
    "    * Do x w test odwołujemy się przez \"theTest.x\"\n",
    "* **from test import x as my_x**\n",
    "    * Do x odwołujemy się przez \"my_x\" \n",
    "   \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "* Symbol zaimportowany zostaje dołączony do przestrzeni nazw\n",
    "* Importowanie modułu (dowolnym sposobem) wykonuje **cały** jego kod\n",
    "* Kolekcja modułów (pakiet) znajduje się w katalogu\n",
    "* Pakiet musi zawierać plik \\_\\_init\\_\\_.py\n",
    "* Pakiet może zawierać podpakiety"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "src/main.py  src/__init__.py\n",
    "\n",
    "python -m src.main"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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    }
   },
   "source": [
    "* **from .other_module import func** lub **from ..other_module import func**\n",
    "    * do używania wewnątrz pakietu do importowania innych modułów z tego samego pakietu"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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   },
   "source": [
    "    sound/                   Top-level package\n",
    "      __init__.py            Initialize the sound package\n",
    "      formats/               Subpackage for format conversions\n",
    "          __init__.py\n",
    "          wavread.py\n",
    "          wavwrite.py\n",
    "          aiffread.py\n",
    "          aiffwrite.py\n",
    "          auread.py\n",
    "          auwrite.py\n",
    "\n",
    "    >>> from sound.formats import wavwrite"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "skip"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## dir()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "skip"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import sys\n",
    "dir(sys) # get list of attributes for sys module"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "skip"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%sx pwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "skip"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%sx ls"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%sx mkdir -p agh"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%cd agh"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "skip"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%sx pwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%writefile __init__.py\n",
    "print(\"I am init\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%writefile student.py\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Importing student\")\n",
    "\n",
    "def _opinion():\n",
    "    return \" rocks!\"\n",
    "\n",
    "def scream():\n",
    "    print(\"AGH\" + _opinion())\n",
    "    \n",
    "print(\"Name:\", __name__)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%cd .."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from agh import student\n",
    "student.scream()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from agh.student import scream\n",
    "scream()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from agh import student.scream"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import agh.student\n",
    "\n",
    "agh.student.scream()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%run agh/student.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "student.scream()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "student._opinion()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dir()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%reset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "python -m tetris.gui.main\n",
    "python tetris/gui/main.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dir()"
   ]
  }
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