diff --git a/Package.swift b/Package.swift
index 64ae30a..a72ba2d 100644
--- a/Package.swift
+++ b/Package.swift
@@ -166,6 +166,10 @@ package
             name: "SabyAppleStorage",
             dependencies: ["SabyConcurrency", "SabySize"],
             path: "Source/AppleStorage"),
+        .target(
+            name: "SabyApplePreference",
+            dependencies: ["SabyConcurrency"],
+            path: "Source/ApplePreference"),
         .target(
             name: "SabyAppleLogger",
             dependencies: [],
@@ -182,6 +186,10 @@ package
             name: "SabyAppleStorageTest",
             dependencies: ["SabyAppleStorage", "SabyTestWait"],
             path: "Test/AppleStorage"),
+        .testTarget(
+            name: "SabyApplePreferenceTest",
+            dependencies: ["SabyApplePreference"],
+            path: "Test/ApplePreference"),
         .testTarget(
             name: "SabyAppleLoggerTest",
             dependencies: ["SabyAppleLogger"],
diff --git a/Source/ApplePreference/Implement/FileValuePreference.swift b/Source/ApplePreference/Implement/FileValuePreference.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f428d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/ApplePreference/Implement/FileValuePreference.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+//
+//  FileValuePreference.swift
+//  SabyApplePreference
+//
+//  Created by WOF on 2023/10/12.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import SabySafe
+import SabyConcurrency
+
+public final class FileValuePreference<Value: Codable>: ValuePreference {
+    typealias Context = FileValuePreferenceContext
+    
+    let fileLock = Lock()
+    
+    let contextLoad: () throws -> Context<Value>
+    let context: Atomic<Context<Value>?>
+    
+    let encoder = JSONEncoder()
+
+    public init(directoryURL: URL, fileName: String, migration: @escaping () throws -> Void) {
+        self.contextLoad = {
+            try Context.load(
+                directoryURL: directoryURL,
+                fileName: fileName,
+                migration: migration
+            )
+        }
+        self.context = Atomic(try? contextLoad())
+    }
+}
+
+extension FileValuePreference {
+    public func set(_ value: Value) throws -> Void {
+        try execute { context in
+            _ = context.value.mutate { _ in
+                value
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public func clear() throws -> Void {
+        try execute { context in
+            _ = context.value.mutate { _ in
+                nil
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public func get() throws -> Value? {
+        try execute { context in
+            context.value.capture { $0 }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public func save() throws -> Void {
+        try execute { context in
+            let values = context.value.capture { $0 }
+            let data = try self.encoder.encode(values)
+            
+            self.fileLock.lock()
+            try data.write(to: context.url)
+            self.fileLock.unlock()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extension FileValuePreference {
+    fileprivate func execute<Result>(
+        block: (Context<Value>) throws -> Result
+    ) throws -> Result {
+        let current = try context.capture { $0 } ?? contextLoad()
+        context.mutate { _ in current }
+        
+        return try block(current)
+    }
+}
+
+struct FileValuePreferenceContext<Value: Codable> {
+    let url: URL
+    let value: Atomic<Value?>
+    
+    private init(url: URL, value: Atomic<Value?>) {
+        self.url = url
+        self.value = value
+    }
+    
+    static func load(
+        directoryURL: URL,
+        fileName: String,
+        migration: () throws -> Void
+    ) throws -> FileValuePreferenceContext {
+        try migration()
+        
+        let decoder = JSONDecoder()
+        let fileManager = FileManager.default
+        
+        guard directoryURL.isFileURL else {
+            throw PreferenceError.directoryURLIsNotFileURL
+        }
+        
+        if !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: directoryURL.path) {
+            try fileManager.createDirectory(
+                at: directoryURL,
+                withIntermediateDirectories: true
+            )
+        }
+
+        let url = directoryURL.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
+        if !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: url.path) {
+            return FileValuePreferenceContext(
+                url: url,
+                value: Atomic(nil)
+            )
+        }
+        
+        guard
+            let data = try? Data(contentsOf: url),
+            let value = try? decoder.decode(
+                Value?.self,
+                from: data
+            )
+        else {
+            return FileValuePreferenceContext(
+                url: url,
+                value: Atomic(nil)
+            )
+        }
+        
+        return FileValuePreferenceContext(
+            url: url,
+            value: Atomic(value)
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Source/ApplePreference/Preference.swift b/Source/ApplePreference/Preference.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cedc1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/ApplePreference/Preference.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//
+//  Preference.swift
+//  SabyApplePreference
+//
+//  Created by WOF on 2023/10/12.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+public protocol Preference {
+    /// ``init(directoryURL:fileName:migration:)``
+    /// execute migration and then create or load preference from
+    /// `{Directory url}/{File name}` path.
+    init(directoryURL: URL, fileName: String, migration: @escaping () throws -> Void)
+}
+
+extension Preference {
+    /// ``init(directoryName:fileName:)`` create or load storage from
+    /// `{Directory url}/{File name}` path.
+    public init(directoryURL: URL, fileName: String) {
+        self.init(directoryURL: directoryURL, fileName: fileName, migration: {})
+    }
+}
+
+public enum PreferenceError: Error {
+    case directoryURLIsNotFileURL
+}
diff --git a/Source/ApplePreference/ValuePreference.swift b/Source/ApplePreference/ValuePreference.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f10e1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/ApplePreference/ValuePreference.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//
+//  ValuePreference.swift
+//  SabyApplePreference
+//
+//  Created by WOF on 2023/10/12.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+public protocol ValuePreference<Value>: Preference {
+    associatedtype Value
+    
+    func set(_ value: Value) throws -> Void
+    func clear() throws -> Void
+    func get() throws -> Value?
+    func save() throws -> Void
+}
diff --git a/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/CoreDataArrayStorage.swift b/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/CoreDataArrayStorage.swift
index d4e546f..b52c91b 100644
--- a/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/CoreDataArrayStorage.swift
+++ b/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/CoreDataArrayStorage.swift
@@ -23,33 +23,16 @@ public final class CoreDataArrayStorage<Value: Codable & KeyIdentifiable>: Array
     let encoder = JSONEncoder()
     let decoder = JSONDecoder()
     
-    public init(directoryName: String, fileName: String, migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]) {
+    public init(directoryURL: URL, fileName: String, migration: @escaping () -> Promise<Void, Error>) {
         let schema = SabyCoreDataArrayStorageSchema()
         
         self.entity = schema.entity
         
         self.contextLoad = {
             Context.load(
-                directoryName: directoryName,
+                directoryURL: directoryURL,
                 fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations,
-                model: schema.model
-            )
-        }
-        self.contextPromise = Atomic(contextLoad())
-    }
-    
-    public init(baseURL: URL, directoryName: String, fileName: String, migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]) {
-        let schema = SabyCoreDataArrayStorageSchema()
-        
-        self.entity = schema.entity
-        
-        self.contextLoad = {
-            Context.load(
-                baseURL: baseURL,
-                directoryName: directoryName,
-                fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations,
+                migration: migration,
                 model: schema.model
             )
         }
@@ -350,56 +333,18 @@ extension NSManagedObjectContext {
 
 extension NSManagedObjectContext {
     static func load(
-        directoryName: String,
-        fileName: String,
-        migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>],
-        model: NSManagedObjectModel
-    ) -> Promise<NSManagedObjectContext, Error> {
-        Promise.async {
-            guard
-                let libraryDirectoryURL = FileManager.default.urls(
-                    for: .libraryDirectory,
-                    in: .userDomainMask
-                ).first
-            else {
-                throw StorageError.libraryDirectoryNotFound
-            }
-            
-            return load(
-                baseURL: libraryDirectoryURL,
-                directoryName: directoryName,
-                fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations,
-                model: model
-            )
-        }
-    }
-    
-    static func load(
-        baseURL: URL,
-        directoryName: String,
+        directoryURL: URL,
         fileName: String,
-        migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>],
+        migration: @escaping () -> Promise<Void, Error>,
         model: NSManagedObjectModel
     ) -> Promise<NSManagedObjectContext, Error> {
-        var promise = Promise<Void, Error>.resolved(())
-        for migration in migrations {
-            promise = promise.then {
-                migration()
-            }
-        }
-        
-        return promise.then {
+        migration().then {
             let fileManager = FileManager.default
             
-            guard baseURL.isFileURL else {
-                throw StorageError.baseURLIsNotFileURL
-            }
-            guard fileManager.fileExists(atPath: baseURL.path) else {
-                throw StorageError.baseURLIsNotExist
+            guard directoryURL.isFileURL else {
+                throw StorageError.directoryURLIsNotFileURL
             }
             
-            let directoryURL = baseURL.appendingPathComponent(directoryName)
             if !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: directoryURL.path) {
                 try fileManager.createDirectory(
                     at: directoryURL,
diff --git a/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileArrayStorage.swift b/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileArrayStorage.swift
index 0dac16c..12062fe 100644
--- a/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileArrayStorage.swift
+++ b/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileArrayStorage.swift
@@ -20,24 +20,12 @@ public final class FileArrayStorage<Value: Codable & KeyIdentifiable>: ArrayStor
     
     let encoder = JSONEncoder()
 
-    public init(directoryName: String, fileName: String, migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]) {
+    public init(directoryURL: URL, fileName: String, migration: @escaping () -> Promise<Void, Error>) {
         self.contextLoad = {
             Context.load(
-                directoryName: directoryName,
+                directoryURL: directoryURL,
                 fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations
-            )
-        }
-        self.contextPromise = Atomic(contextLoad())
-    }
-    
-    public init(baseURL: URL, directoryName: String, fileName: String, migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]) {
-        self.contextLoad = {
-            Context.load(
-                baseURL: baseURL,
-                directoryName: directoryName,
-                fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations
+                migration: migration
             )
         }
         self.contextPromise = Atomic(contextLoad())
@@ -213,54 +201,18 @@ struct FileArrayStorageContext<Value: Codable> {
     }
     
     static func load(
-        directoryName: String,
-        fileName: String,
-        migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]
-    ) -> Promise<FileArrayStorageContext, Error> {
-        Promise.async {
-            guard
-                let libraryDirectoryURL = FileManager.default.urls(
-                    for: .libraryDirectory,
-                    in: .userDomainMask
-                ).first
-            else {
-                throw StorageError.libraryDirectoryNotFound
-            }
-            
-            return load(
-                baseURL: libraryDirectoryURL,
-                directoryName: directoryName,
-                fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations
-            )
-        }
-    }
-    
-    static func load(
-        baseURL: URL,
-        directoryName: String,
+        directoryURL: URL,
         fileName: String,
-        migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]
+        migration: @escaping () -> Promise<Void, Error>
     ) -> Promise<FileArrayStorageContext, Error> {
-        var promise = Promise<Void, Error>.resolved(())
-        for migration in migrations {
-            promise = promise.then {
-                migration()
-            }
-        }
-        
-        return promise.then {
+        migration().then {
             let decoder = JSONDecoder()
             let fileManager = FileManager.default
             
-            guard baseURL.isFileURL else {
-                throw StorageError.baseURLIsNotFileURL
-            }
-            guard fileManager.fileExists(atPath: baseURL.path) else {
-                throw StorageError.baseURLIsNotExist
+            guard directoryURL.isFileURL else {
+                throw StorageError.directoryURLIsNotFileURL
             }
             
-            let directoryURL = baseURL.appendingPathComponent(directoryName)
             if !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: directoryURL.path) {
                 try fileManager.createDirectory(
                     at: directoryURL,
diff --git a/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileDictionaryStorage.swift b/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileDictionaryStorage.swift
index afa1b26..2aa0f91 100644
--- a/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileDictionaryStorage.swift
+++ b/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileDictionaryStorage.swift
@@ -21,24 +21,12 @@ public final class FileDictionaryStorage<
     
     let encoder = JSONEncoder()
 
-    public init(directoryName: String, fileName: String, migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]) {
+    public init(directoryURL: URL, fileName: String, migration: @escaping () -> Promise<Void, Error>) {
         self.contextLoad = {
             Context.load(
-                directoryName: directoryName,
+                directoryURL: directoryURL,
                 fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations
-            )
-        }
-        self.contextPromise = Atomic(contextLoad())
-    }
-    
-    public init(baseURL: URL, directoryName: String, fileName: String, migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]) {
-        self.contextLoad = {
-            Context.load(
-                baseURL: baseURL,
-                directoryName: directoryName,
-                fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations
+                migration: migration
             )
         }
         self.contextPromise = Atomic(contextLoad())
@@ -126,54 +114,18 @@ struct FileDictionaryStorageContext<Key: Hashable & Codable, Value: Codable> {
     }
     
     static func load(
-        directoryName: String,
-        fileName: String,
-        migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]
-    ) -> Promise<FileDictionaryStorageContext, Error> {
-        Promise.async {
-            guard
-                let libraryDirectoryURL = FileManager.default.urls(
-                    for: .libraryDirectory,
-                    in: .userDomainMask
-                ).first
-            else {
-                throw StorageError.libraryDirectoryNotFound
-            }
-            
-            return load(
-                baseURL: libraryDirectoryURL,
-                directoryName: directoryName,
-                fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations
-            )
-        }
-    }
-    
-    static func load(
-        baseURL: URL,
-        directoryName: String,
+        directoryURL: URL,
         fileName: String,
-        migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]
+        migration: @escaping () -> Promise<Void, Error>
     ) -> Promise<FileDictionaryStorageContext, Error> {
-        var promise = Promise<Void, Error>.resolved(())
-        for migration in migrations {
-            promise = promise.then {
-                migration()
-            }
-        }
-        
-        return promise.then {
+        migration().then {
             let decoder = JSONDecoder()
             let fileManager = FileManager.default
             
-            guard baseURL.isFileURL else {
-                throw StorageError.baseURLIsNotFileURL
-            }
-            guard fileManager.fileExists(atPath: baseURL.path) else {
-                throw StorageError.baseURLIsNotExist
+            guard directoryURL.isFileURL else {
+                throw StorageError.directoryURLIsNotFileURL
             }
             
-            let directoryURL = baseURL.appendingPathComponent(directoryName)
             if !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: directoryURL.path) {
                 try fileManager.createDirectory(
                     at: directoryURL,
diff --git a/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileValueStorage.swift b/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileValueStorage.swift
index 5393844..f83a072 100644
--- a/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileValueStorage.swift
+++ b/Source/AppleStorage/Implement/FileValueStorage.swift
@@ -19,24 +19,12 @@ public final class FileValueStorage<Value: Codable>: ValueStorage {
     
     let encoder = JSONEncoder()
 
-    public init(directoryName: String, fileName: String, migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]) {
+    public init(directoryURL: URL, fileName: String, migration: @escaping () -> Promise<Void, Error>) {
         self.contextLoad = {
             Context.load(
-                directoryName: directoryName,
+                directoryURL: directoryURL,
                 fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations
-            )
-        }
-        self.contextPromise = Atomic(contextLoad())
-    }
-    
-    public init(baseURL: URL, directoryName: String, fileName: String, migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]) {
-        self.contextLoad = {
-            Context.load(
-                baseURL: baseURL,
-                directoryName: directoryName,
-                fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations
+                migration: migration
             )
         }
         self.contextPromise = Atomic(contextLoad())
@@ -110,54 +98,18 @@ struct FileValueStorageContext<Value: Codable> {
     }
     
     static func load(
-        directoryName: String,
-        fileName: String,
-        migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]
-    ) -> Promise<FileValueStorageContext, Error> {
-        Promise.async {
-            guard
-                let libraryDirectoryURL = FileManager.default.urls(
-                    for: .libraryDirectory,
-                    in: .userDomainMask
-                ).first
-            else {
-                throw StorageError.libraryDirectoryNotFound
-            }
-            
-            return load(
-                baseURL: libraryDirectoryURL,
-                directoryName: directoryName,
-                fileName: fileName,
-                migrations: migrations
-            )
-        }
-    }
-    
-    static func load(
-        baseURL: URL,
-        directoryName: String,
+        directoryURL: URL,
         fileName: String,
-        migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>]
+        migration: @escaping () -> Promise<Void, Error>
     ) -> Promise<FileValueStorageContext, Error> {
-        var promise = Promise<Void, Error>.resolved(())
-        for migration in migrations {
-            promise = promise.then {
-                migration()
-            }
-        }
-        
-        return promise.then {
+        migration().then {
             let decoder = JSONDecoder()
             let fileManager = FileManager.default
             
-            guard baseURL.isFileURL else {
-                throw StorageError.baseURLIsNotFileURL
-            }
-            guard fileManager.fileExists(atPath: baseURL.path) else {
-                throw StorageError.baseURLIsNotExist
+            guard directoryURL.isFileURL else {
+                throw StorageError.directoryURLIsNotFileURL
             }
             
-            let directoryURL = baseURL.appendingPathComponent(directoryName)
             if !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: directoryURL.path) {
                 try fileManager.createDirectory(
                     at: directoryURL,
diff --git a/Source/AppleStorage/Storage.swift b/Source/AppleStorage/Storage.swift
index 9e1627c..9d55eff 100644
--- a/Source/AppleStorage/Storage.swift
+++ b/Source/AppleStorage/Storage.swift
@@ -9,31 +9,20 @@ import Foundation
 import SabyConcurrency
 
 public protocol Storage {
-    /// ``init(directoryName:fileName:migrations:)``
-    /// execute migrations orderly and then create or load storage from
-    /// `{Library directory}/{Directory name}/{File name}` path.
-    init(directoryName: String, fileName: String, migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>])
-    /// ``init(baseURL:directoryName:fileName:migrations:)``
-    /// execute migrations orderly and then create or load storage from
-    /// `{Base url}/{Directory name}/{File name}` path.
-    init(baseURL: URL, directoryName: String, fileName: String, migrations: [() -> Promise<Void, Error>])
+    /// ``init(directoryURL:fileName:migration:)``
+    /// execute migration and then create or load preference from
+    /// `{Directory url}/{File name}` path.
+    init(directoryURL: URL, fileName: String, migration: @escaping () -> Promise<Void, Error>)
 }
 
 extension Storage {
     /// ``init(directoryName:fileName:)`` create or load storage from
-    /// `{Library directory}/{Directory name}/{File name}` path.
-    public init(directoryName: String, fileName: String) {
-        self.init(directoryName: directoryName, fileName: fileName, migrations: [])
-    }
-    /// ``init(baseURL:directoryName:fileName:)`` create or load storage from
-    /// `{Base url}/{Directory name}/{File name}` path.
-    public init(baseURL: URL, directoryName: String, fileName: String) {
-        self.init(baseURL: baseURL, directoryName: directoryName, fileName: fileName, migrations: [])
+    /// `{Directory url}/{File name}` path.
+    public init(directoryURL: URL, fileName: String) {
+        self.init(directoryURL: directoryURL, fileName: fileName, migration: { .resolved(()) })
     }
 }
 
 public enum StorageError: Error {
-    case libraryDirectoryNotFound
-    case baseURLIsNotFileURL
-    case baseURLIsNotExist
+    case directoryURLIsNotFileURL
 }
diff --git a/Test/ApplePreference/FileValuePreferenceTest.swift b/Test/ApplePreference/FileValuePreferenceTest.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c07f636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Test/ApplePreference/FileValuePreferenceTest.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+//
+//  FileValuePreferenceTest.swift
+//  SabyApplePreferenceTest
+//
+//  Created by WOF on 2023/10/19.
+//
+
+import XCTest
+import SabyConcurrency
+@testable import SabyApplePreference
+
+private struct DummyItem: Codable, Equatable {
+    var key: UUID
+}
+
+final class FileValuePreferenceTest: XCTestCase {
+    fileprivate let testCount = 500
+    fileprivate var preference: FileValuePreference<DummyItem>!
+    fileprivate let directoryURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+    fileprivate var fileName: String!
+    
+    fileprivate var testObjects: [DummyItem] {
+        var result: [DummyItem] = []
+        for _ in 0 ..< testCount {
+            result.append(DummyItem(key: UUID()))
+        }
+        
+        return result
+    }
+    
+    override func setUpWithError() throws {
+        fileName = UUID().uuidString
+        preference = FileValuePreference<DummyItem>(
+            directoryURL: directoryURL,
+            fileName: fileName
+        )
+    }
+    
+    override func tearDownWithError() throws {
+        let fileURL = directoryURL.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
+        
+        if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: fileURL.absoluteString) {
+            try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: fileURL)
+        }
+    }
+    
+    func test__set() throws {
+        try testObjects.forEach {
+            try preference.set($0)
+        }
+        
+        try preference.save()
+        
+        let value = try preference.get()
+        XCTAssertNotEqual(value, nil)
+    }
+    
+    func test__delete() throws {
+        let testObjects = testObjects
+        try testObjects.forEach {
+            try preference.set($0)
+        }
+
+        try preference.save()
+        try preference.clear()
+        try preference.save()
+        XCTAssertEqual(try preference.get(), nil)
+    }
+    
+    func test__get() throws {
+        let testCount = testCount
+        let testObjects = testObjects
+        let randomIndex = (0 ..< testCount).randomElement()!
+        try testObjects.forEach {
+            try preference.set($0)
+        }
+        
+        try preference.set(testObjects[randomIndex])
+        
+        try preference.save()
+        XCTAssertEqual(try preference.get(), testObjects[randomIndex])
+    }
+    
+    func test__save() throws {
+        let value = DummyItem(key: UUID())
+        
+        try preference.set(value)
+        try preference.save()
+        XCTAssertEqual(try preference.get(), value)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/CoreDataArrayStorageTest.swift b/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/CoreDataArrayStorageTest.swift
index a0c2621..9f9374c 100644
--- a/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/CoreDataArrayStorageTest.swift
+++ b/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/CoreDataArrayStorageTest.swift
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class CoreDataArrayStorageTest: XCTestCase {
     var encoder: JSONEncoder!
     
     override func setUpWithError() throws {
-        storage = CoreDataArrayStorage(directoryName: "saby", fileName: "\(UUID())")
+        storage = CoreDataArrayStorage(directoryURL: FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory, fileName: "\(UUID())")
         encoder = JSONEncoder()
     }
     
diff --git a/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileArrayStorageTest.swift b/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileArrayStorageTest.swift
index 166a1a4..1c624bd 100644
--- a/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileArrayStorageTest.swift
+++ b/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileArrayStorageTest.swift
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ fileprivate struct DummyItem: Codable, KeyIdentifiable {
 
 final class FileArrayStorageTest: XCTestCase {
     fileprivate var storage: FileArrayStorage<DummyItem>!
-    private var directoryName: String!
-    var encoder: JSONEncoder!
+    fileprivate var encoder: JSONEncoder!
+    fileprivate let directoryURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+    fileprivate var fileName: String!
     
     private struct TestItemGroup {
         private static let testCount = 100
@@ -36,21 +37,19 @@ final class FileArrayStorageTest: XCTestCase {
     }
     
     override func setUpWithError() throws {
-        directoryName = "saby.array.storage.\(UUID())"
+        fileName = UUID().uuidString
         storage = FileArrayStorage<DummyItem>(
-            directoryName: directoryName,
-            fileName: String(describing: DummyItem.self)
+            directoryURL: directoryURL,
+            fileName: fileName
         )
         encoder = JSONEncoder()
     }
     
     override func tearDownWithError() throws {
-        let path = FileManager.default.urls(
-            for: .libraryDirectory,
-            in: .userDomainMask
-        ).first!.appendingPathComponent(directoryName).path
-        if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: path) {
-            try FileManager.default.removeItem(atPath: path)
+        let fileURL = directoryURL.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
+        
+        if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: fileURL.absoluteString) {
+            try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: fileURL)
         }
     }
     
diff --git a/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileDictionaryStorageTest.swift b/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileDictionaryStorageTest.swift
index 8b651fe..6331651 100644
--- a/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileDictionaryStorageTest.swift
+++ b/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileDictionaryStorageTest.swift
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ fileprivate struct DummyItem: Codable, Equatable {
 final class FileDictionaryStorageTest: XCTestCase {
     fileprivate let testCount = 500
     fileprivate var storage: FileDictionaryStorage<String, DummyItem>!
-    fileprivate var directoryName: String!
+    fileprivate let directoryURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+    fileprivate var fileName: String!
     
     fileprivate var testObjects: [(String, DummyItem)] {
         var result: [(String, DummyItem)] = []
@@ -28,20 +29,18 @@ final class FileDictionaryStorageTest: XCTestCase {
     }
     
     override func setUpWithError() throws {
-        directoryName = "saby.dictionary.storage.\(UUID())"
+        fileName = UUID().uuidString
         storage = FileDictionaryStorage<String, DummyItem>(
-            directoryName: directoryName,
-            fileName: String(describing: DummyItem.self)
+            directoryURL: directoryURL,
+            fileName: fileName
         )
     }
     
     override func tearDownWithError() throws {
-        let path = FileManager.default.urls(
-            for: .libraryDirectory,
-            in: .userDomainMask
-        ).first!.appendingPathComponent(directoryName).path
-        if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: path) {
-            try FileManager.default.removeItem(atPath: path)
+        let fileURL = directoryURL.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
+        
+        if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: fileURL.absoluteString) {
+            try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: fileURL)
         }
     }
     
diff --git a/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileValueStorageTest.swift b/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileValueStorageTest.swift
index 6eb6e3d..26614e5 100644
--- a/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileValueStorageTest.swift
+++ b/Test/AppleStorage/Implement/FileValueStorageTest.swift
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ private struct DummyItem: Codable, Equatable {
 final class FileValueStorageTest: XCTestCase {
     fileprivate let testCount = 500
     fileprivate var storage: FileValueStorage<DummyItem>!
-    fileprivate var directoryName: String!
+    fileprivate let directoryURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+    fileprivate var fileName: String!
     
     fileprivate var testObjects: [DummyItem] {
         var result: [DummyItem] = []
@@ -28,20 +29,18 @@ final class FileValueStorageTest: XCTestCase {
     }
     
     override func setUpWithError() throws {
-        directoryName = "saby.dictionary.value.storage.\(UUID())"
+        fileName = UUID().uuidString
         storage = FileValueStorage<DummyItem>(
-            directoryName: directoryName,
-            fileName: String(describing: DummyItem.self)
+            directoryURL: directoryURL,
+            fileName: fileName
         )
     }
     
     override func tearDownWithError() throws {
-        let path = FileManager.default.urls(
-            for: .libraryDirectory,
-            in: .userDomainMask
-        ).first!.appendingPathComponent(directoryName).path
-        if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: path) {
-            try FileManager.default.removeItem(atPath: path)
+        let fileURL = directoryURL.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
+        
+        if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: fileURL.absoluteString) {
+            try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: fileURL)
         }
     }
     
diff --git a/Test/Concurrency/Contract/Chain/ContractFilterTest.swift b/Test/Concurrency/Contract/Chain/ContractFilterTest.swift
index 83351ec..97ddb23 100644
--- a/Test/Concurrency/Contract/Chain/ContractFilterTest.swift
+++ b/Test/Concurrency/Contract/Chain/ContractFilterTest.swift
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ final class ContractFilterTest: XCTestCase {
             state: .resolved(URL(string: "https://a.example")!),
             timeout: .seconds(1)
         ) {
-            contract0.resolve("%")
+            contract0.resolve("")
             contract0.resolve("https://a.example")
         }
     }
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ final class ContractFilterTest: XCTestCase {
             state: .resolved(URL(string: "https://a.example")!),
             timeout: .seconds(1)
         ) {
-            contract0.resolve("%")
+            contract0.resolve("")
             contract0.resolve("https://a.example")
         }
     }
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ final class ContractFilterTest: XCTestCase {
             state: .resolved(URL(string: "https://a.example")!),
             timeout: .seconds(1)
         ) {
-            contract0.resolve("%")
+            contract0.resolve("")
             contract0.resolve("https://a.example")
         }
     }
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ final class ContractFilterTest: XCTestCase {
             state: .resolved(URL(string: "https://a.example")!),
             timeout: .seconds(1)
         ) {
-            contract0.resolve("%")
+            contract0.resolve("")
             contract0.resolve("https://a.example")
         }
     }