diff --git a/packages/components/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/components/CHANGELOG.md
index 35541f2686ea3..91cdaec426d71 100644
--- a/packages/components/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/components/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,16 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+### Bug Fix
+
+-   `Popover`: fix limitShift logic by adding iframe offset correctly [#42950](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/42950)).
+-   `Popover`: refine position-to-placement conversion logic, add tests ([#44377](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/44377)).
+
+### Internal
+
+-   `Mobile` updated to ignore `react/exhaustive-deps` eslint rule ([#44207](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/44207)).
+-   `Popover`: refactor unit tests to TypeScript and modern RTL assertions ([#44373](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/44373)).
+
 ## 21.1.0 (2022-09-21)
 
 ### Deprecations
@@ -12,16 +22,13 @@
 
 -   `Button`: Remove unexpected `has-text` class when empty children are passed ([#44198](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/44198)).
 -   The `LinkedButton` to unlink sides in `BoxControl`, `BorderBoxControl` and `BorderRadiusControl` have changed from a rectangular primary button to an icon-only button, with a sentence case tooltip, and default-size icon for better legibility. The `Button` component has been fixed so when `isSmall` and `icon` props are set, and no text is present, the button shape is square rather than rectangular.
--   `Popover`: fix limitShift logic by adding iframe offset correctly [#42950](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/42950)).
 
 ### Internal
 
 -   `NavigationMenu` updated to ignore `react/exhaustive-deps` eslint rule ([#44090](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/44090)).
--   `Mobile` updated to ignore `react/exhaustive-deps` eslint rule ([#44207](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/44207)).
 -   `RangeControl`: updated to pass `react/exhaustive-deps` eslint rule ([#44271](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/44271)).
 -   `UnitControl` updated to pass the `react/exhaustive-deps` eslint rule ([#44161](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/44161)).
 -   `Notice`: updated to satisfy `react/exhaustive-deps` eslint rule ([#44157](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/44157))
--   `Popover`: refactor unit tests to TypeScript and modern RTL assertions ([#44373](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/pull/44373)).
 
 ## 21.0.0 (2022-09-13)
 
diff --git a/packages/components/src/popover/test/index.tsx b/packages/components/src/popover/test/index.tsx
index 2a0c5db545da3..b06886e52243e 100644
--- a/packages/components/src/popover/test/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/components/src/popover/test/index.tsx
@@ -31,6 +31,64 @@ type PlacementToInitialTranslationTuple = [
 	CSSProperties[ 'translate' ]
 ];
 
+// There's no matching `placement` for 'middle center' positions,
+// fallback to 'bottom' (same as `floating-ui`'s default.)
+const FALLBACK_FOR_MIDDLE_CENTER_POSITIONS = 'bottom';
+
+const ALL_POSITIONS_TO_EXPECTED_PLACEMENTS: PositionToPlacementTuple[] = [
+	// Format: [yAxis]
+	[ 'middle', FALLBACK_FOR_MIDDLE_CENTER_POSITIONS ],
+	[ 'bottom', 'bottom' ],
+	[ 'top', 'top' ],
+	// Format: [yAxis] [xAxis]
+	[ 'middle left', 'left' ],
+	[ 'middle center', FALLBACK_FOR_MIDDLE_CENTER_POSITIONS ],
+	[ 'middle right', 'right' ],
+	[ 'bottom left', 'bottom-end' ],
+	[ 'bottom center', 'bottom' ],
+	[ 'bottom right', 'bottom-start' ],
+	[ 'top left', 'top-end' ],
+	[ 'top center', 'top' ],
+	[ 'top right', 'top-start' ],
+	// Format: [yAxis] [xAxis] [corner]
+	[ 'middle left left', 'left' ],
+	[ 'middle left right', 'left' ],
+	[ 'middle left bottom', 'left-end' ],
+	[ 'middle left top', 'left-start' ],
+	[ 'middle center left', FALLBACK_FOR_MIDDLE_CENTER_POSITIONS ],
+	[ 'middle center right', FALLBACK_FOR_MIDDLE_CENTER_POSITIONS ],
+	[ 'middle center bottom', FALLBACK_FOR_MIDDLE_CENTER_POSITIONS ],
+	[ 'middle center top', FALLBACK_FOR_MIDDLE_CENTER_POSITIONS ],
+	[ 'middle right left', 'right' ],
+	[ 'middle right right', 'right' ],
+	[ 'middle right bottom', 'right-end' ],
+	[ 'middle right top', 'right-start' ],
+	[ 'bottom left left', 'bottom-end' ],
+	[ 'bottom left right', 'bottom-end' ],
+	[ 'bottom left bottom', 'bottom-end' ],
+	[ 'bottom left top', 'bottom-end' ],
+	[ 'bottom center left', 'bottom' ],
+	[ 'bottom center right', 'bottom' ],
+	[ 'bottom center bottom', 'bottom' ],
+	[ 'bottom center top', 'bottom' ],
+	[ 'bottom right left', 'bottom-start' ],
+	[ 'bottom right right', 'bottom-start' ],
+	[ 'bottom right bottom', 'bottom-start' ],
+	[ 'bottom right top', 'bottom-start' ],
+	[ 'top left left', 'top-end' ],
+	[ 'top left right', 'top-end' ],
+	[ 'top left bottom', 'top-end' ],
+	[ 'top left top', 'top-end' ],
+	[ 'top center left', 'top' ],
+	[ 'top center right', 'top' ],
+	[ 'top center bottom', 'top' ],
+	[ 'top center top', 'top' ],
+	[ 'top right left', 'top-start' ],
+	[ 'top right right', 'top-start' ],
+	[ 'top right bottom', 'top-start' ],
+	[ 'top right top', 'top-start' ],
+];
+
 describe( 'Popover', () => {
 	describe( 'Component', () => {
 		describe( 'basic behavior', () => {
@@ -93,17 +151,7 @@ describe( 'Popover', () => {
 	} );
 
 	describe( 'positionToPlacement', () => {
-		it.each( [
-			[ 'top left', 'top-end' ],
-			[ 'top center', 'top' ],
-			[ 'top right', 'top-start' ],
-			[ 'middle left', 'left' ],
-			[ 'middle center', 'center' ],
-			[ 'middle right', 'right' ],
-			[ 'bottom left', 'bottom-end' ],
-			[ 'bottom center', 'bottom' ],
-			[ 'bottom right', 'bottom-start' ],
-		] as PositionToPlacementTuple[] )(
+		it.each( ALL_POSITIONS_TO_EXPECTED_PLACEMENTS )(
 			'converts `%s` to `%s`',
 			( inputPosition, expectedPlacement ) => {
 				expect( positionToPlacement( inputPosition ) ).toEqual(
diff --git a/packages/components/src/popover/types.ts b/packages/components/src/popover/types.ts
index b80e266c1fe2c..2f738ca76a3a9 100644
--- a/packages/components/src/popover/types.ts
+++ b/packages/components/src/popover/types.ts
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ export type PopoverProps = {
 	 * _Note: this prop is deprecated. Use the `placement` prop instead._
 	 */
 	position?:
+		| `${ PositionYAxis }`
 		| `${ PositionYAxis } ${ PositionXAxis }`
 		| `${ PositionYAxis } ${ PositionXAxis } ${ PositionCorner }`;
 	/**
diff --git a/packages/components/src/popover/utils.ts b/packages/components/src/popover/utils.ts
index c5b15a076114f..f14e2c921f1ed 100644
--- a/packages/components/src/popover/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/components/src/popover/utils.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,62 @@ import type {
 	PopoverAnchorRefTopBottom,
 } from './types';
 
+const POSITION_TO_PLACEMENT: Record<
+	NonNullable< PopoverProps[ 'position' ] >,
+	NonNullable< PopoverProps[ 'placement' ] >
+> = {
+	bottom: 'bottom',
+	top: 'top',
+	'middle left': 'left',
+	'middle right': 'right',
+	'bottom left': 'bottom-end',
+	'bottom center': 'bottom',
+	'bottom right': 'bottom-start',
+	'top left': 'top-end',
+	'top center': 'top',
+	'top right': 'top-start',
+	'middle left left': 'left',
+	'middle left right': 'left',
+	'middle left bottom': 'left-end',
+	'middle left top': 'left-start',
+	'middle right left': 'right',
+	'middle right right': 'right',
+	'middle right bottom': 'right-end',
+	'middle right top': 'right-start',
+	'bottom left left': 'bottom-end',
+	'bottom left right': 'bottom-end',
+	'bottom left bottom': 'bottom-end',
+	'bottom left top': 'bottom-end',
+	'bottom center left': 'bottom',
+	'bottom center right': 'bottom',
+	'bottom center bottom': 'bottom',
+	'bottom center top': 'bottom',
+	'bottom right left': 'bottom-start',
+	'bottom right right': 'bottom-start',
+	'bottom right bottom': 'bottom-start',
+	'bottom right top': 'bottom-start',
+	'top left left': 'top-end',
+	'top left right': 'top-end',
+	'top left bottom': 'top-end',
+	'top left top': 'top-end',
+	'top center left': 'top',
+	'top center right': 'top',
+	'top center bottom': 'top',
+	'top center top': 'top',
+	'top right left': 'top-start',
+	'top right right': 'top-start',
+	'top right bottom': 'top-start',
+	'top right top': 'top-start',
+	// `middle`/`middle center [corner?]` positions are associated to a fallback
+	// `bottom` placement because there aren't any corresponding placement values.
+	middle: 'bottom',
+	'middle center': 'bottom',
+	'middle center bottom': 'bottom',
+	'middle center left': 'bottom',
+	'middle center right': 'bottom',
+	'middle center top': 'bottom',
+};
+
 /**
  * Converts the `Popover`'s legacy "position" prop to the new "placement" prop
  * (used by `floating-ui`).
@@ -23,22 +79,8 @@ import type {
  */
 export const positionToPlacement = (
 	position: NonNullable< PopoverProps[ 'position' ] >
-): NonNullable< PopoverProps[ 'placement' ] > => {
-	const [ x, y, z ] = position.split( ' ' );
-
-	if ( [ 'top', 'bottom' ].includes( x ) ) {
-		let suffix = '';
-		if ( ( !! z && z === 'left' ) || y === 'right' ) {
-			suffix = '-start';
-		} else if ( ( !! z && z === 'right' ) || y === 'left' ) {
-			suffix = '-end';
-		}
-
-		return ( x + suffix ) as NonNullable< PopoverProps[ 'placement' ] >;
-	}
-
-	return y as NonNullable< PopoverProps[ 'placement' ] >;
-};
+): NonNullable< PopoverProps[ 'placement' ] > =>
+	POSITION_TO_PLACEMENT[ position ] ?? 'bottom';
 
 /**
  * @typedef AnimationOrigin