diff --git a/docs/reference-guides/core-blocks.md b/docs/reference-guides/core-blocks.md
index 2917c8577b07da..d9f017b60a99e7 100644
--- a/docs/reference-guides/core-blocks.md
+++ b/docs/reference-guides/core-blocks.md
@@ -584,6 +584,15 @@ Post terms. ([Source](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/tree/trunk/packages
- **Supports:** anchor, color (background, gradients, link, text), spacing (margin, padding), typography (fontSize, lineHeight), ~~html~~
- **Attributes:** prefix, separator, suffix, term, textAlign
+## Time To Read
+
+Show minutes required to finish reading the post. ([Source](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/tree/trunk/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read))
+
+- **Name:** core/post-time-to-read
+- **Category:** theme
+- **Supports:** ~~html~~, ~~multiple~~
+- **Attributes:** textAlign
+
## Post Title
Displays the title of a post, page, or any other content-type. ([Source](https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/tree/trunk/packages/block-library/src/post-title))
diff --git a/lib/blocks.php b/lib/blocks.php
index add72e77062cb3..ddd3d252c75702 100644
--- a/lib/blocks.php
+++ b/lib/blocks.php
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ function gutenberg_reregister_core_block_types() {
'post-featured-image.php' => 'core/post-featured-image',
'post-navigation-link.php' => 'core/post-navigation-link',
'post-terms.php' => 'core/post-terms',
+ 'post-time-to-read.php' => 'core/post-time-to-read',
'post-title.php' => 'core/post-title',
'query.php' => 'core/query',
'post-template.php' => 'core/post-template',
diff --git a/lib/experimental/l10n.php b/lib/experimental/l10n.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8233bb8bb05a8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/experimental/l10n.php
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+ '/<\/?[a-z][^>]*?>/i',
+ 'html_comment_regexp' => '//',
+ 'space_regexp' => '/ | /i',
+ 'html_entity_regexp' => '/&\S+?;/',
+ 'connector_regexp' => "/--|\x{2014}/u",
+ 'remove_regexp' => "/[\x{0021}-\x{0040}\x{005B}-\x{0060}\x{007B}-\x{007E}\x{0080}-\x{00BF}\x{00D7}\x{00F7}\x{2000}-\x{2BFF}\x{2E00}-\x{2E7F}]/u",
+ 'astral_regexp' => "/[\x{010000}-\x{10FFFF}]/u",
+ 'words_regexp' => '/\S\s+/u',
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces_regexp' => '/\S/u',
+ 'characters_including_spaces_regexp' => "/[^\f\n\r\t\v\x{00AD}\x{2028}\x{2029}]/u",
+ 'shortcodes' => array(),
+ );
+
+ $count = 0;
+
+ if ( ! $text ) {
+ return $count;
+ }
+
+ $settings = wp_parse_args( $settings, $defaults );
+
+ // If there are any shortcodes, add this as a shortcode regular expression.
+ if ( is_array( $settings['shortcodes'] ) && ! empty( $settings['shortcodes'] ) ) {
+ $settings['shortcodes_regexp'] = '/\\[\\/?(?:' . implode( '|', $settings['shortcodes'] ) . ')[^\\]]*?\\]/';
+ }
+
+ // Sanitize type to one of three possibilities: 'words', 'characters_excluding_spaces' or 'characters_including_spaces'.
+ if ( 'characters_excluding_spaces' !== $type && 'characters_including_spaces' !== $type ) {
+ $type = 'words';
+ }
+
+ $text .= "\n";
+
+ // Replace all HTML with a new-line.
+ $text = preg_replace( $settings['html_regexp'], "\n", $text );
+
+ // Remove all HTML comments.
+ $text = preg_replace( $settings['html_comment_regexp'], '', $text );
+
+ // If a shortcode regular expression has been provided use it to remove shortcodes.
+ if ( ! empty( $settings['shortcodes_regexp'] ) ) {
+ $text = preg_replace( $settings['shortcodes_regexp'], "\n", $text );
+ }
+
+ // Normalize non-breaking space to a normal space.
+ $text = preg_replace( $settings['space_regexp'], ' ', $text );
+
+ if ( 'words' === $type ) {
+ // Remove HTML Entities.
+ $text = preg_replace( $settings['html_entity_regexp'], '', $text );
+
+ // Convert connectors to spaces to count attached text as words.
+ $text = preg_replace( $settings['connector_regexp'], ' ', $text );
+
+ // Remove unwanted characters.
+ $text = preg_replace( $settings['remove_regexp'], '', $text );
+ } else {
+ // Convert HTML Entities to "a".
+ $text = preg_replace( $settings['html_entity_regexp'], 'a', $text );
+
+ // Remove surrogate points.
+ $text = preg_replace( $settings['astral_regexp'], 'a', $text );
+ }
+
+ // Match with the selected type regular expression to count the items.
+ preg_match_all( $settings[ $type . '_regexp' ], $text, $matches );
+
+ if ( $matches ) {
+ return count( $matches[0] );
+ }
+
+ return $count;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/lib/load.php b/lib/load.php
index 39b0446869791a..03406015834eaa 100644
--- a/lib/load.php
+++ b/lib/load.php
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ function gutenberg_is_experiment_enabled( $name ) {
require __DIR__ . '/experimental/blocks.php';
require __DIR__ . '/experimental/navigation-theme-opt-in.php';
require __DIR__ . '/experimental/kses.php';
+require __DIR__ . '/experimental/l10n.php';
// Fonts API.
if ( ! class_exists( 'WP_Fonts' ) ) {
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index 74622d7a1a8411..5ad3f519a2542d 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -17373,6 +17373,7 @@
"@wordpress/server-side-render": "file:packages/server-side-render",
"@wordpress/url": "file:packages/url",
"@wordpress/viewport": "file:packages/viewport",
+ "@wordpress/wordcount": "file:packages/wordcount",
"change-case": "^4.1.2",
"classnames": "^2.3.1",
"colord": "^2.7.0",
diff --git a/packages/block-library/package.json b/packages/block-library/package.json
index dd445c6b462b05..56238ba22b7bd5 100644
--- a/packages/block-library/package.json
+++ b/packages/block-library/package.json
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
"@wordpress/server-side-render": "file:../server-side-render",
"@wordpress/url": "file:../url",
"@wordpress/viewport": "file:../viewport",
+ "@wordpress/wordcount": "file:../wordcount",
"change-case": "^4.1.2",
"classnames": "^2.3.1",
"colord": "^2.7.0",
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/index.js b/packages/block-library/src/index.js
index 34ba9fd5a2c8f1..317b1d4fbad5e6 100644
--- a/packages/block-library/src/index.js
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/index.js
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ import * as postFeaturedImage from './post-featured-image';
import * as postNavigationLink from './post-navigation-link';
import * as postTemplate from './post-template';
import * as postTerms from './post-terms';
+import * as postTimeToRead from './post-time-to-read';
import * as postTitle from './post-title';
import * as preformatted from './preformatted';
import * as pullquote from './pullquote';
@@ -197,6 +198,7 @@ const getAllBlocks = () =>
postTerms,
postNavigationLink,
postTemplate,
+ postTimeToRead,
queryPagination,
queryPaginationNext,
queryPaginationNumbers,
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/block.json b/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/block.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..33cd4674d77535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/block.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+ "$schema": "https://schemas.wp.org/trunk/block.json",
+ "apiVersion": 2,
+ "__experimental": true,
+ "name": "core/post-time-to-read",
+ "title": "Time To Read",
+ "category": "theme",
+ "description": "Show minutes required to finish reading the post.",
+ "textdomain": "default",
+ "usesContext": [ "postId", "postType" ],
+ "attributes": {
+ "textAlign": {
+ "type": "string"
+ }
+ },
+ "supports": {
+ "html": false,
+ "multiple": false
+ }
+}
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/edit.js b/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/edit.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b9092c69952b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/edit.js
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/**
+ * External dependencies
+ */
+import classnames from 'classnames';
+
+/**
+ * WordPress dependencies
+ */
+import { _x, _n, sprintf } from '@wordpress/i18n';
+import { useMemo } from '@wordpress/element';
+import {
+ AlignmentControl,
+ BlockControls,
+ useBlockProps,
+} from '@wordpress/block-editor';
+import { __unstableSerializeAndClean } from '@wordpress/blocks';
+import { useEntityProp, useEntityBlockEditor } from '@wordpress/core-data';
+import { count as wordCount } from '@wordpress/wordcount';
+
+/**
+ * Average reading rate - based on average taken from
+ * https://irisreading.com/average-reading-speed-in-various-languages/
+ * (Characters/minute used for Chinese rather than words).
+ */
+const AVERAGE_READING_RATE = 189;
+
+function PostTimeToReadEdit( { attributes, setAttributes, context } ) {
+ const { textAlign } = attributes;
+ const { postId, postType } = context;
+
+ const [ contentStructure ] = useEntityProp(
+ 'postType',
+ postType,
+ 'content',
+ postId
+ );
+
+ const [ blocks ] = useEntityBlockEditor( 'postType', postType, {
+ id: postId,
+ } );
+
+ const minutesToReadString = useMemo( () => {
+ // Replicates the logic found in getEditedPostContent().
+ let content;
+ if ( contentStructure instanceof Function ) {
+ content = contentStructure( { blocks } );
+ } else if ( blocks ) {
+ // If we have parsed blocks already, they should be our source of truth.
+ // Parsing applies block deprecations and legacy block conversions that
+ // unparsed content will not have.
+ content = __unstableSerializeAndClean( blocks );
+ } else {
+ content = contentStructure;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * translators: If your word count is based on single characters (e.g. East Asian characters),
+ * enter 'characters_excluding_spaces' or 'characters_including_spaces'. Otherwise, enter 'words'.
+ * Do not translate into your own language.
+ */
+ const wordCountType = _x(
+ 'words',
+ 'Word count type. Do not translate!'
+ );
+
+ const minutesToRead = Math.max(
+ 1,
+ Math.round(
+ wordCount( content, wordCountType ) / AVERAGE_READING_RATE
+ )
+ );
+
+ return sprintf(
+ /* translators: %d is the number of minutes the post will take to read. */
+ _n( '%d minute', '%d minutes', minutesToRead ),
+ minutesToRead
+ );
+ }, [ contentStructure, blocks ] );
+
+ const blockProps = useBlockProps( {
+ className: classnames( {
+ [ `has-text-align-${ textAlign }` ]: textAlign,
+ } ),
+ } );
+
+ return (
+ <>
+
+ {
+ setAttributes( { textAlign: nextAlign } );
+ } }
+ />
+
+ { minutesToReadString }
+
+ );
+}
+
+export default PostTimeToReadEdit;
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/icon.js b/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/icon.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..56b6b2b182fc26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/icon.js
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * WordPress dependencies
+ */
+import { SVG, Path } from '@wordpress/components';
+
+export default (
+
+);
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/index.js b/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..95b379f55f0b3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * Internal dependencies
+ */
+import initBlock from '../utils/init-block';
+import metadata from './block.json';
+import edit from './edit';
+import icon from './icon';
+
+const { name } = metadata;
+export { metadata, name };
+
+export const settings = {
+ icon,
+ edit,
+};
+
+export const init = () => initBlock( { name, metadata, settings } );
diff --git a/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/index.php b/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/index.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..07761e5e759045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/block-library/src/post-time-to-read/index.php
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+context['postId'] ) ) {
+ return '';
+ }
+
+ $content = get_the_content();
+
+ /*
+ * Average reading rate - based on average taken from
+ * https://irisreading.com/average-reading-speed-in-various-languages/
+ * (Characters/minute used for Chinese rather than words).
+ */
+ $average_reading_rate = 189;
+
+ $word_count_type = wp_get_word_count_type();
+
+ $minutes_to_read = max( 1, (int) round( wp_word_count( $content, $word_count_type ) / $average_reading_rate ) );
+
+ $minutes_to_read_string = sprintf(
+ /* translators: %d is the number of minutes the post will take to read. */
+ _n( '%d minute', '%d minutes', $minutes_to_read ),
+ $minutes_to_read
+ );
+
+ $align_class_name = empty( $attributes['textAlign'] ) ? '' : "has-text-align-{$attributes['textAlign']}";
+
+ $wrapper_attributes = get_block_wrapper_attributes( array( 'class' => $align_class_name ) );
+
+ return sprintf(
+ '%2$s
',
+ $wrapper_attributes,
+ $minutes_to_read_string
+ );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Registers the `core/post-time-to-read` block on the server.
+ */
+function register_block_core_post_time_to_read() {
+ register_block_type_from_metadata(
+ __DIR__ . '/post-time-to-read',
+ array(
+ 'render_callback' => 'render_block_core_post_time_to_read',
+ )
+ );
+}
+add_action( 'init', 'register_block_core_post_time_to_read' );
diff --git a/packages/block-library/tsconfig.json b/packages/block-library/tsconfig.json
index cdf20e557f242d..cb70d96e7c3f83 100644
--- a/packages/block-library/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/block-library/tsconfig.json
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
{ "path": "../icons" },
{ "path": "../keycodes" },
{ "path": "../primitives" },
- { "path": "../url" }
+ { "path": "../url" },
+ { "path": "../wordcount" }
],
"include": [ "src/**/*.ts", "src/**/*.tsx" ]
}
diff --git a/phpunit/blocks/render-post-time-to-read-test.php b/phpunit/blocks/render-post-time-to-read-test.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..abca2daeeeaeba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit/blocks/render-post-time-to-read-test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+post->create_and_get(
+ array(
+ 'post_type' => 'post',
+ 'post_title' => 'Post without content',
+ 'post_content' => '',
+ )
+ );
+ self::$posts[] = self::$no_content_post;
+
+ self::$less_than_one_minute_post = self::factory()->post->create_and_get(
+ array(
+ 'post_type' => 'post',
+ 'post_title' => 'Post that takes less than 1 minute to read',
+ 'post_content' => $content,
+ )
+ );
+ self::$posts[] = self::$less_than_one_minute_post;
+
+ self::$one_minute_post = self::factory()->post->create_and_get(
+ array(
+ 'post_type' => 'post',
+ 'post_title' => 'Post that takes 1 minute to read',
+ 'post_content' => str_repeat( $content, 2 ),
+ )
+ );
+ self::$posts[] = self::$one_minute_post;
+
+ self::$two_minutes_post = self::factory()->post->create_and_get(
+ array(
+ 'post_type' => 'post',
+ 'post_title' => 'Post that takes 2 minutes to read',
+ 'post_content' => str_repeat( $content, 5 ),
+ )
+ );
+ self::$posts[] = self::$two_minutes_post;
+ }
+
+ public static function wpTearDownAfterClass() {
+ foreach ( self::$posts as $post_to_delete ) {
+ wp_delete_post( $post_to_delete->ID, true );
+ }
+ }
+
+ public function set_up() {
+ parent::set_up();
+ $this->original_block_supports = WP_Block_Supports::$block_to_render;
+ WP_Block_Supports::$block_to_render = array(
+ 'attrs' => array(),
+ 'blockName' => 'core/post-time-to-read',
+ );
+ }
+
+ public function tear_down() {
+ WP_Block_Supports::$block_to_render = $this->original_block_supports;
+ parent::tear_down();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * @covers ::render_block_core_post_time_to_read
+ */
+ public function test_no_content_post() {
+ global $wp_query;
+
+ $wp_query->post = self::$no_content_post;
+ $GLOBALS['post'] = self::$no_content_post;
+
+ $page_id = self::$no_content_post->ID;
+ $attributes = array();
+ $parsed_blocks = parse_blocks( '' );
+ $parsed_block = $parsed_blocks[0];
+ $context = array( 'postId' => $page_id );
+ $block = new WP_Block( $parsed_block, $context );
+
+ $actual = gutenberg_render_block_core_post_time_to_read( $attributes, '', $block );
+ $expected = '1 minute
';
+
+ $this->assertSame( $expected, $actual );
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * @covers ::render_block_core_post_time_to_read
+ */
+ public function test_less_than_one_minute_post() {
+ global $wp_query;
+
+ $wp_query->post = self::$less_than_one_minute_post;
+ $GLOBALS['post'] = self::$less_than_one_minute_post;
+
+ $page_id = self::$less_than_one_minute_post->ID;
+ $attributes = array();
+ $parsed_blocks = parse_blocks( '' );
+ $parsed_block = $parsed_blocks[0];
+ $context = array( 'postId' => $page_id );
+ $block = new WP_Block( $parsed_block, $context );
+
+ $actual = gutenberg_render_block_core_post_time_to_read( $attributes, '', $block );
+ $expected = '1 minute
';
+
+ $this->assertSame( $expected, $actual );
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * @covers ::render_block_core_post_time_to_read
+ */
+ public function test_one_minute_post() {
+ global $wp_query;
+
+ $wp_query->post = self::$one_minute_post;
+ $GLOBALS['post'] = self::$one_minute_post;
+
+ $page_id = self::$one_minute_post->ID;
+ $attributes = array();
+ $parsed_blocks = parse_blocks( '' );
+ $parsed_block = $parsed_blocks[0];
+ $context = array( 'postId' => $page_id );
+ $block = new WP_Block( $parsed_block, $context );
+
+ $actual = gutenberg_render_block_core_post_time_to_read( $attributes, '', $block );
+ $expected = '1 minute
';
+
+ $this->assertSame( $expected, $actual );
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * @covers ::render_block_core_post_time_to_read
+ */
+ public function test_two_minutes_post() {
+ global $wp_query;
+
+ $wp_query->post = self::$two_minutes_post;
+ $GLOBALS['post'] = self::$two_minutes_post;
+
+ $page_id = self::$two_minutes_post->ID;
+ $attributes = array();
+ $parsed_blocks = parse_blocks( '' );
+ $parsed_block = $parsed_blocks[0];
+ $context = array( 'postId' => $page_id );
+ $block = new WP_Block( $parsed_block, $context );
+
+ $actual = gutenberg_render_block_core_post_time_to_read( $attributes, '', $block );
+ $expected = '2 minutes
';
+
+ $this->assertSame( $expected, $actual );
+ }
+}
diff --git a/phpunit/l10n-test.php b/phpunit/l10n-test.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..4f71e9e89e2279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpunit/l10n-test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+ array( 'shortcode' ),
+ );
+
+ $this->assertEquals( wp_word_count( $string, 'words', $settings ), $words );
+ $this->assertEquals( wp_word_count( $string, 'characters_excluding_spaces', $settings ), $characters_excluding_spaces );
+ $this->assertEquals( wp_word_count( $string, 'characters_including_spaces', $settings ), $characters_including_spaces );
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Data provider.
+ *
+ * @return array
+ */
+ public function data_get_string_variations() {
+ return array(
+ 'Basic test' => array(
+ 'string' => 'one two three',
+ 'words' => 3,
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces' => 11,
+ 'characters_including_spaces' => 13,
+ ),
+ 'HTML tags' => array(
+ 'string' => 'one two
three',
+ 'words' => 3,
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces' => 11,
+ 'characters_including_spaces' => 12,
+ ),
+ 'Line breaks' => array(
+ 'string' => "one\ntwo\nthree",
+ 'words' => 3,
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces' => 11,
+ 'characters_including_spaces' => 11,
+ ),
+ 'Encoded spaces' => array(
+ 'string' => 'one two three',
+ 'words' => 3,
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces' => 11,
+ 'characters_including_spaces' => 13,
+ ),
+ 'Punctuation' => array(
+ 'string' => "It's two three " . json_decode( '"\u2026"' ) . ' 4?',
+ 'words' => 3,
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces' => 15,
+ 'characters_including_spaces' => 19,
+ ),
+ 'Em dash' => array(
+ 'string' => 'one' . json_decode( '"\u2014"' ) . 'two--three',
+ 'words' => 3,
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces' => 14,
+ 'characters_including_spaces' => 14,
+ ),
+ 'Shortcodes' => array(
+ 'string' => 'one [shortcode attribute="value"]two[/shortcode]three',
+ 'words' => 3,
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces' => 11,
+ 'characters_including_spaces' => 12,
+ ),
+ 'Astrals' => array(
+ 'string' => json_decode( '"\uD83D\uDCA9"' ),
+ 'words' => 1,
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces' => 1,
+ 'characters_including_spaces' => 1,
+ ),
+ 'HTML comment' => array(
+ 'string' => 'onetwo three',
+ 'words' => 2,
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces' => 11,
+ 'characters_including_spaces' => 12,
+ ),
+ 'HTML entity' => array(
+ 'string' => '> test',
+ 'words' => 1,
+ 'characters_excluding_spaces' => 5,
+ 'characters_including_spaces' => 6,
+ ),
+ );
+ }
+}
diff --git a/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.html b/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d3e2d54b8e40a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.json b/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..535fc5f158fd0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[
+ {
+ "name": "core/post-time-to-read",
+ "isValid": true,
+ "attributes": {},
+ "innerBlocks": []
+ }
+]
diff --git a/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.parsed.json b/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.parsed.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..ac1e6486dfac51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.parsed.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[
+ {
+ "blockName": "core/post-time-to-read",
+ "attrs": {},
+ "innerBlocks": [],
+ "innerHTML": "",
+ "innerContent": []
+ }
+]
diff --git a/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.serialized.html b/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.serialized.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d3e2d54b8e40a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/integration/fixtures/blocks/core__post-time-to-read.serialized.html
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+