diff --git a/public/images/about-gloria-agriculture-1.png b/public/images/about-gloria-agriculture-1.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b27d660 Binary files /dev/null and b/public/images/about-gloria-agriculture-1.png differ diff --git a/public/images/about-gloria-agriculture-2.png b/public/images/about-gloria-agriculture-2.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d132339 Binary files /dev/null and b/public/images/about-gloria-agriculture-2.png differ diff --git a/public/images/about-gloria-energy-0.png b/public/images/about-gloria-energy-0.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1251ffe Binary files /dev/null and b/public/images/about-gloria-energy-0.png differ diff --git a/public/images/about-gloria-energy-1.png b/public/images/about-gloria-energy-1.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d023759 Binary files /dev/null and b/public/images/about-gloria-energy-1.png differ diff --git a/public/images/about-gloria-energy-2.png b/public/images/about-gloria-energy-2.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a280c30 Binary files /dev/null and b/public/images/about-gloria-energy-2.png differ diff --git a/public/images/about-gloria-insurance.png b/public/images/about-gloria-insurance.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fed4399 Binary files /dev/null and b/public/images/about-gloria-insurance.png differ diff --git a/src/components/about/project-1/index.tsx b/src/components/about/project-1/index.tsx index fdbe010..38266b5 100644 --- a/src/components/about/project-1/index.tsx +++ b/src/components/about/project-1/index.tsx @@ -8,9 +8,315 @@ import { Tabs, TabsContent, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from "@/components/ui/tabs"; import Image from 'next/image'; import KnowMoreButton from '@/components/know-more-button'; const Lines = dynamic(() => import('@/components/lines'), { ssr: false }) +import { cn } from '@/lib/utils'; +import { useIsMobile } from '@/lib/hooks'; export default function Section1() { const [openedKnowMore, setOpenedKnowMore] = useState(false); + const [openedKnowMoreInsurance, setOpenedKnowMoreInsurance] = useState(false); + const isMobile = useIsMobile(); + const gridColumns = isMobile ? "flex flex-col gap-4" : "grid grid-cols-[274px_1fr_1fr_1px]"; + + const agricultureContent = ( +
+
+
The wine sector is an important pillar of the global economy (EU 2024), with Spain being the third largest wine producer in the world (OIV 2024). Climate variations strongly affect the year-to-year production of wine and grapes. Hence, reliable and timely information on climatic conditions will enable wineries to optimise planning and management activities over a range of timescales.
+ setOpenedKnowMore(!openedKnowMore)} opened={openedKnowMore} /> + + {openedKnowMore && +

+ There are many moments during the vineyard cycle where climate plays a key role. For instance, spring is a critical season for frosts, as just one night of frost can damage the whole production. On the producer’s side, there are some management actions that can be applied to reduce damages in the short-medium term, such as late pruning to delay the bud-break (Persico et al. 2023). Wine companies may also consider paying insurance to receive compensation in the case of frost damage affecting grape production. In the longer term, wineries may consider investing in a frost prevention system or choosing grape varieties with delayed bud-break that are better adapted to climate change. Having information about the changes in the frequency and intensity of spring frosts in the future can help wineries to decide on the most suitable adaptation actions. +

+

+ Another challenge for Spanish agriculture, especially in the Mediterranean region, are droughts, which exacerbate during the summer period. As long as there is water available in the reservoirs, wine producers with irrigation systems in place may be able to irrigate the vines. However, in the case of water restrictions, wineries have to assume a lower production or buy grapes from external farmers. A useful indicator for the monitoring of agricultural drought is the Standardised Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), which assesses water availability comparing the balance between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. Another indicator such as the average maximum temperature for the months of June-July-August is also useful to identify heat stress hotspots. +

+ } + +
+
+ Plataforma tecnológica del vino + + Spanish Wine Technological Platform + +
+
+
+ {isMobile ? +
+ + +
:
+ + {Array(2).fill(null).map((_, index) => ( + + + + ))} + +
} +
+
+

+ Climate and geographic indicators for wine production in Spain +

+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+ Average maximum temperature for JJA (June-July-August) in 2020 over the Iberian Peninsula at a horizontal resolution of 5 km. The average was computed using daily temperature values. Data comes from the ICON model. Grey-shaded areas represent urban regions. Credit: BSC +
+
+
+
+
+
+

Digital Twin Technology for Climate Change Adaptation

+
+
The digital twin for climate change adaptation allows the integration of climate models and impact models.
+
+

+ This not only offers the Spanish wine sector the opportunity to have quick access to climate data on the past, present and future, but also the possibility of defining their own climate-related indicators. +

+

+ Such indicators include the average maximum temperature in summer, spring frost, or SPEI, which can be calculated as the climate model runs. This allows wineries to have regularly updated information on the risks of spring frost, heatwaves, and droughts that may affect their vineyards in the long-term future. Additionally, the digital twin offers a unified climate information source for those producers that own farms not only in the Spanish territory but also in other world regions suitable for grape and wine production, like California or South America to name a few. +

+
+
+
+ ); + + const energyContent = ( +
+
+
As the need for decarbonisation of the global energy system intensifies, renewable energies have become one of the most promising assets to achieve net zero emissions. Yet, unlike their fossil fuel counterparts, renewables are more vulnerable to a changing climate and the expected increase in extreme weather events.
+ setOpenedKnowMore(!openedKnowMore)} opened={openedKnowMore} /> + + {openedKnowMore && + Wind energy is particularly exposed, emphasising the need for accurate representations of future wind resources. Such climate information will allow us to provide more reliable estimates of future energy production of current wind farms and support decision-making regarding the viability of new wind farm locations. By using the outputs of the climate models as the simulation is running, an energy company would be able to calculate meaningful indicators directly related to their activity, such as capacity factors, energy demand predictors (e.g. cooling and heating degree days) or wind speed anomalies, among others. The implementation of this streaming environment allows us to estimate user-tailored indicators in a timely manner, without the need to store the complete model output permanently. By directly simulating wind at turbine hub height and through enhanced spatial and temporal resolution, interactive and user-oriented digital twins represent a step forward in assisting near- to long-term measures against the impacts of climate change. Having prompt access to this kind of climate information would help the renewable energy sector avoid misdirected decisions and failed opportunities in terms of adaptation. + } + +
+
+ Endesa + + Endesa + +
+
+
+ Energy sector visualization +
Visualisation of the streaming concept tailored towards the wind energy sector. The climate model outputs raw climate variables which are summarised in the form of wind speed distributions for a specific wind farm or region. The wind speed distribution is then converted to capacity factor, which can be adjusted for different types of turbines.
+
+
+

Capacity Factors and Energy System Resilience

+
+
Capacity factors are a measure of how much energy can be produced by a turbine over a specific period of time, as a fraction of its rated power.
+
+

+ These tailored indicators allow the energy sector to more efficiently ensure the security of energy supply, price and power grid stability; obtain reliable data on how energy systems and turbine structural integrity can cope with the effects of extreme events; and have insights into future changes in climate variability to plan and manage the design of energy systems and the impact on energy demand and prices. +

+
+
+
+
+ {isMobile ? +
+ + +
:
+ + {Array(2).fill(null).map((_, index) => ( + + + + ))} + +
} +
+
+

+ Projected wind energy capacity factors for Europe and the Iberian Peninsula +

+
+
+
+
+ Capacity factor (CF) for a class I/II Siemens-Gamesa G80 wind turbine at 1-hourly frequency and a spatial resolution of 5 km, averaged over one week for the European continent. Data was obtained from the DestinE IFS-NEMO 2020-2040 projection simulation. +
+
+
+
+ Capacity factor (CF) for a class I/II Siemens-Gamesa G80 wind turbine at 1-hourly frequency and a spatial resolution of 5 km, averaged over one week for the Iberian Peninsula. The dark blue dot marks the approximate position of the Tico wind farm in the Ebro Valley, operated by Enel Green Power (ENDESA). Data was obtained from the DestinE IFS-NEMO 2020-2040 projection simulation. +
+
+
+
+
+ ); + + const insuranceContent = ( + +
+
+
Storm Gloria was a large extra-tropical cyclone that struck the east of Spain, Southern France, and the Balearic islands in January 2020, causing heavy coastal flooding and significant impacts.
+ setOpenedKnowMore(!openedKnowMore)} opened={openedKnowMore} /> + + {openedKnowMore && + During 18th - 24th January heavy coastal flooding occurred, due to large storm swells and record breaking precipitation. This caused significant impacts on coastline equipment, deterioration in tourist infrastructures and terrestrial and maritime communication and affectations to marine ecosystems, evidencing the vulnerability of the Mediterranean coast to large-scale atmospheric disturbances (Amores et al. 2020, Berdalet et al. 2020).The damages resulted in 14 deaths and more than 80 people injured, accumulating 71 million euros of financial damage (Consorcio de Compensacion, 2020). + } + +
+
+ AXA XL + + AXA XL + +
+
+
+ Energy sector visualization +
+
Map of the Iberian Peninsula showing the differences in total precipitation from 18th - 25th January between the +2K scenario (future) and the current (actual) day (left). Histograms of hourly precipitation in selected locations that experienced precipitation extremes (Alicante, Girona, Ibiza and Valencia) (right).
+
Source: BSC with storyline simulations from AWI.
+
+
+
+

Digital twin for climate change adaptation

+
+
It allows a more accurate simulation of peak rainfall events like storm Gloria.
+
+

+ Using storyline simulations with high spatio-temporal resolution, we have been able to examine the impacts of this event and also how it would manifest in a +2 K warmer world. We have investigated four different locations (Alicante, Girona, Ibiza and Valencia) that experienced precipitation extremes and examined if these would intensify in a warmer climate. While a big spatial variability is seen in total rainfall, areas around Valencia and Alicante, that already experienced record rainfall, show increases of around 100mm. Combined with dryer soils due to Mediterranean warming, this type of increase in extreme precipitation, could greatly increase the likelihood of flash flooding. +

+ setOpenedKnowMoreInsurance(!openedKnowMoreInsurance)} opened={openedKnowMoreInsurance} /> + + {openedKnowMoreInsurance && +

+ This information may be of interest for the insurance and (re)insurance sectors, since they have signaled flooding as a big issue, causing flood insurance premiums to rise as these events are becoming more common. Having access to climate data that could be coupled to their in-house catastrophe models may be important for this sector. +

+

+ Likewise, better modeling the effect of extreme rainfall events is of interest for the ecological scientific community interested in the impacts of high-impact storms on marine ecosystems (e.g. regression of beaches and health impacts due to the proliferation of microalgae). +

+ } + + +
+
+
+ + ); + return (
@@ -71,98 +377,9 @@ export default function Section1() { Energy Insurance - -
-
The wine sector is an important pillar of the global economy (EU 2024), with Spain being the third largest wine producer in the world (OIV 2024). Climate variations strongly affect the year-to-year production of wine and grapes. Hence, reliable and timely information on climatic conditions will enable wineries to optimise planning and management activities over a range of timescales.
- setOpenedKnowMore(!openedKnowMore)} opened={openedKnowMore} /> - - {openedKnowMore && -

- There are many moments during the vineyard cycle where climate plays a key role. For instance, spring is a critical season for frosts, as just one night of frost can damage the whole production. On the producer’s side, there are some management actions that can be applied to reduce damages in the short-medium term, such as late pruning to delay the bud-break (Persico et al. 2023). Wine companies may also consider paying insurance to receive compensation in the case of frost damage affecting grape production. In the longer term, wineries may consider investing in a frost prevention system or choosing grape varieties with delayed bud-break that are better adapted to climate change. Having information about the changes in the frequency and intensity of spring frosts in the future can help wineries to decide on the most suitable adaptation actions. -

-

- Another challenge for Spanish agriculture, especially in the Mediterranean region, are droughts, which exacerbate during the summer period. As long as there is water available in the reservoirs, wine producers with irrigation systems in place may be able to irrigate the vines. However, in the case of water restrictions, wineries have to assume a lower production or buy grapes from external farmers. A useful indicator for the monitoring of agricultural drought is the Standardised Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), which assesses water availability comparing the balance between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. Another indicator such as the average maximum temperature for the months of June-July-August is also useful to identify heat stress hotspots. -

- } - -
-
- Plataforma tecnológica del vino - - Spanish Wine Technological Platform - -
- - -
-
As the need for decarbonisation of the global energy system intensifies, renewable energies have become one of the most promising assets to achieve net zero emissions. Yet, unlike their fossil fuel counterparts, renewables are more vulnerable to a changing climate and the expected increase in extreme weather events.
- setOpenedKnowMore(!openedKnowMore)} opened={openedKnowMore} /> - - {openedKnowMore && - Wind energy is particularly exposed, emphasising the need for accurate representations of future wind resources. Such climate information will allow us to provide more reliable estimates of future energy production of current wind farms and support decision-making regarding the viability of new wind farm locations. By using the outputs of the climate models as the simulation is running, an energy company would be able to calculate meaningful indicators directly related to their activity, such as capacity factors, energy demand predictors (e.g. cooling and heating degree days) or wind speed anomalies, among others. The implementation of this streaming environment allows us to estimate user-tailored indicators in a timely manner, without the need to store the complete model output permanently. By directly simulating wind at turbine hub height and through enhanced spatial and temporal resolution, interactive and user-oriented digital twins represent a step forward in assisting near- to long-term measures against the impacts of climate change. Having prompt access to this kind of climate information would help the renewable energy sector avoid misdirected decisions and failed opportunities in terms of adaptation. - } - -
-
- Endesa - - Endesa - -
- - -
-
Storm Gloria was a large extra-tropical cyclone that struck the east of Spain, Southern France, and the Balearic islands in January 2020, causing heavy coastal flooding and significant impacts.
- setOpenedKnowMore(!openedKnowMore)} opened={openedKnowMore} /> - - {openedKnowMore && - During 18th - 24th January heavy coastal flooding occurred, due to large storm swells and record breaking precipitation. This caused significant impacts on coastline equipment, deterioration in tourist infrastructures and terrestrial and maritime communication and affectations to marine ecosystems, evidencing the vulnerability of the Mediterranean coast to large-scale atmospheric disturbances (Amores et al. 2020, Berdalet et al. 2020).The damages resulted in 14 deaths and more than 80 people injured, accumulating 71 million euros of financial damage (Consorcio de Compensacion, 2020). - } - -
-
- AXA XL - - AXA XL - -
- + {agricultureContent} + {energyContent} + {insuranceContent}