index.html

---
layout: workshop      # DON'T CHANGE THIS.
carpentry: "dc"    # what kind of Carpentry (must be either "lc" or "dc" or "swc")
venue: "University of Toronto"        # brief name of host site without address (e.g., "Euphoric State University")
address: "MADLab, Gerstein Science Information Centre, Room B112"      # full street address of workshop (e.g., "Room A, 123 Forth Street, Blimingen, Euphoria")
country: "ca"      # lowercase two-letter ISO country code such as "fr" (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1)
language: "en"     # lowercase two-letter ISO language code such as "fr" (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1)
latlng: "43.662195, -79.393965"       # decimal latitude and longitude of workshop venue (e.g., "41.7901128,-87.6007318" - use https://www.latlong.net/)
humandate: "July 12-13, 2018"    # human-readable dates for the workshop (e.g., "Feb 17-18, 2020")
humantime: "9:00 am - 4:30 pm"    # human-readable times for the workshop (e.g., "9:00 am - 4:30 pm")
startdate: 2018-07-12      # machine-readable start date for the workshop in YYYY-MM-DD format like 2015-01-01
enddate: 2018-07-13        # machine-readable end date for the workshop in YYYY-MM-DD format like 2015-01-02
instructor: ["Joel Ostblom", "Francis Nguyen", "Madeleine Bonsma-Fisher", "Sara Mahallati"] # boxed, comma-separated list of instructors' names as strings, like ["Kay McNulty", "Betty Jennings", "Betty Snyder"]
helper: ["Madeleine Bonsma-Fisher", "Elliott Sales de Andrade", "Joel Ostblom", "Ahmed Hasan", "Kathy Chung"]     # boxed, comma-separated list of helpers' names, like ["Marlyn Wescoff", "Fran Bilas", "Ruth Lichterman"]
email: ["m.bonsma@mail.utoronto.ca", "uoftcoders@gmail.com"]    # boxed, comma-separated list of contact email addresses for the host, lead instructor, or whoever else is handling questions, like ["marlyn.wescoff@example.org", "fran.bilas@example.org", "ruth.lichterman@example.org"]
collaborative_notes: http://pad.software-carpentry.org/2018-07-12-utoronto            # optional: URL for the workshop collaborative notes, e.g. an Etherpad or Google Docs document
eventbrite: 47238800524        # optional: alphanumeric key for Eventbrite registration, e.g., "1234567890AB" (if Eventbrite is being used)
---

{% comment %} See instructions in the comments below for how to edit specific sections of this workshop template. {% endcomment %}
{% comment %}
  HEADER

  Edit the values in the block above to be appropriate for your workshop.
  If the value is not 'true', 'false', 'null', or a number, please use
  double quotation marks around the value, unless specified otherwise.
  And run 'make workshop-check' *before* committing to make sure that changes are good.
{% endcomment %}

{% comment %}
  EVENTBRITE

  This block includes the Eventbrite registration widget if
  'eventbrite' has been set in the header.  You can delete it if you
  are not using Eventbrite, or leave it in, since it will not be
  displayed if the 'eventbrite' field in the header is not set.
{% endcomment %}
{% if page.eventbrite %}
<iframe
  src="https://www.eventbrite.com/tickets-external?eid={{page.eventbrite}}&ref=etckt"
  frameborder="0"
  width="100%"
  height="248px"
  scrolling="auto">
</iframe>
{% endif %}

<p>The Jupyter Notebooks from previous iterations of this workshop <a href="https://github.com/UofTCoders/workshops-dc-python/blob/master/previous-notebooks.md">can be found here.</a> </p>


<!--
<h4>This is the workshop template. Delete these lines and use it to customize your own website.
If you are running a self-organized workshop or have not put in a workshop request yet, please also fill in 
<a href="{{site.amy_site}}/submit">this workshop request form</a> to let us know about your workshop
and our administrator may contact you if we need any extra information.</h4> -->

<h2 id="general">General Information</h2>

{% comment %}
  INTRODUCTION

  Edit the general explanatory paragraph below if you want to change
  the pitch.
{% endcomment %}
{% if page.carpentry == "swc" %}
  {% include sc/intro.html %}
{% elsif page.carpentry == "dc" %}
  {% include dc/intro.html %}
{% elsif page.carpentry == "lc" %}
  {% include lc/intro.html %}
{% endif %}

{% comment %}
  AUDIENCE

  Explain who your audience is.  (In particular, tell readers if the
  workshop is only open to people from a particular institution.
{% endcomment %}
{% if page.carpentry == "swc" %}
  {% include sc/who.html %}
{% elsif page.carpentry == "dc" %}
  {% include dc/who.html %}
{% elsif page.carpentry == "lc" %}
  {% include lc/who.html %}
{% endif %}

{% comment %}
  LOCATION

  This block displays the address and links to maps showing directions
  if the latitude and longitude of the workshop have been set.  You
  can use https://itouchmap.com/latlong.html to find the lat/long of an
  address.
{% endcomment %}
{% if page.latlng %}
<p id="where">
  <strong>Where:</strong>
  {{page.address}}.
  Get directions with
  <a href="//www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat={{page.latlng | replace:',','&mlon='}}&zoom=16">OpenStreetMap</a>
  or
  <a href="//maps.google.com/maps?q={{page.latlng}}">Google Maps</a>.
</p>
{% endif %}

{% comment %}
  DATE

  This block displays the date and links to Google Calendar.
{% endcomment %}
{% if page.humandate %}
<p id="when">
  <strong>When:</strong>
  {{page.humandate}}.
  {% include workshop_calendar.html %}
</p>
{% endif %}

{% comment %}
  SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

  Modify the block below if there are any special requirements.
{% endcomment %}
<p id="requirements">
  <strong>Requirements:</strong> Participants must bring a laptop with a
  Mac, Linux, or Windows operating system (not a tablet, Chromebook, etc.) that they have administrative privileges
  on. They should have a few specific software packages installed (listed
  <a href="#setup">below</a>). They are also required to abide by
  {% if page.carpentry == "swc" %}
  Software Carpentry's
  {% elsif page.carpentry == "dc" %}
  Data Carpentry's
  {% elsif page.carpentry == "lc" %}
  Library Carpentry's
  {% endif %}
  <a href="{{site.swc_site}}/conduct.html">Code of Conduct</a>.
</p>

{% comment %}
  ACCESSIBILITY

  Modify the block below if there are any barriers to accessibility or
  special instructions.
{% endcomment %}
<p id="accessibility">
  <strong>Accessibility:</strong> We are committed to making this workshop
  accessible to everybody.
  The workshop organizers have checked that:
</p>
<ul>
  <li>The room is wheelchair / scooter accessible. There are, however, non-motorized doors between the elevator and the MADLab. </li>
  <li>Accessible restrooms are available near the elevator on the same floor as the MADLab.</li>
</ul>
<p>
  Materials will be provided in advance of the workshop and
  large-print handouts are available if needed by notifying the
  organizers in advance.  If we can help making learning easier for
  you (e.g. sign-language interpreters, lactation facilities) please
  get in touch (using contact details below) and we will
  attempt to provide them.
</p>

{% comment %}
  CONTACT EMAIL ADDRESS

  Display the contact email address set in the configuration file.
{% endcomment %}
<p id="contact">
  <strong>Contact</strong>:
  Please email
  {% if page.email %}
    {% for email in page.email %}
      {% if forloop.last and page.email.size > 1 %}
        or
      {% else %}
        {% unless forloop.first %}
        ,
        {% endunless %}
      {% endif %}
      <a href='mailto:{{email}}'>{{email}}</a>
    {% endfor %}
  {% else %}
    to-be-announced
  {% endif %}
  for more information.
</p>

<hr/>

{% comment %} 
 SURVEYS - DO NOT EDIT SURVEY LINKS 
{% endcomment %}
<h2 id="surveys">Surveys</h2>

{% if page.carpentry == "swc" %} 
<p>Please be sure to complete these surveys before and after the workshop.</p>
<p><a href="{{ site.swc_pre_survey }}{{ site.github.project_title }}">Pre-workshop Survey</a></p>
<p><a href="{{ site.swc_post_survey }}{{ site.github.project_title }}">Post-workshop Survey</a></p>
{% elsif page.carpentry == "dc" %}
  <p>Please be sure to complete these surveys before and after the workshop.</p>
<p><a href="{{ site.dc_pre_survey }}{{ site.github.project_title }}">Pre-workshop Survey</a></p>
<p><a href="{{ site.dc_post_survey }}{{ site.github.project_title }}">Post-workshop Survey</a></p>
{% elsif page.carpentry == "lc" %}
<p>Ask your instructor about pre- and post-workshop Survey details.</p>
{% endif %}

<hr/>


{% comment %}
  SCHEDULE

  Show the workshop's schedule.  Edit the items and times in the table
  to match your plans.  You may also want to change 'Day 1' and 'Day
  2' to be actual dates or days of the week.
{% endcomment %}
<h2 id="schedule">Schedule</h2>

{% if page.carpentry == "swc" %}
  {% include sc/schedule.html %}
{% elsif page.carpentry == "dc" %}
  {% include dc/schedule.html %}
{% elsif page.carpentry == "lc" %}
  {% include lc/schedule.html %}
{% endif %}

{% comment %}
  Collaborative Notes

  If you want to use an Etherpad, go to

      http://pad.software-carpentry.org/YYYY-MM-DD-site

  where 'YYYY-MM-DD-site' is the identifier for your workshop,
  e.g., '2015-06-10-esu'.
{% endcomment %}
{% if page.collaborative_notes %}
<p id="collaborative_notes">
  We will use this <a href="{{page.collaborative_notes}}">collaborative document</a> for chatting, taking notes, and sharing URLs and bits of code.
</p>
{% endif %}

<hr/>

{% comment %}
  SYLLABUS

  Show what topics will be covered.

  1. If your workshop is R rather than Python, remove the comment
     around that section and put a comment around the Python section.
  2. Some workshops will delete SQL.
  3. Please make sure the list of topics is synchronized with what you
     intend to teach.
  4. You may need to move the div's with class="col-md-6" around inside
     the div's with class="row" to balance the multi-column layout.

  This is one of the places where people frequently make mistakes, so
  please preview your site before committing, and make sure to run
  'tools/check' as well.
{% endcomment %}
<h2 id="syllabus">Syllabus</h2>

{% if page.carpentry == "swc" %}
  {% include sc/syllabus.html %}
{% elsif page.carpentry == "dc" %}
  {% include dc/syllabus.html %}
{% elsif page.carpentry == "lc" %}
  {% include lc/syllabus.html %}
{% endif %}

<hr/>

{% comment %}
  SETUP

  Delete irrelevant sections from the setup instructions.  Each
  section is inside a 'div' without any classes to make the beginning
  and end easier to find.

  This is the other place where people frequently make mistakes, so
  please preview your site before committing, and make sure to run
  'tools/check' as well.
{% endcomment %}

<h2 id="setup">Setup</h2>

<p>
  To participate in a
  {% if page.carpentry == "swc" %}
  Software Carpentry
  {% elsif page.carpentry == "dc" %}
  Data Carpentry
  {% elsif page.carpentry == "lc" %}
  Library Carpentry
  {% endif %}
  workshop,
  you will need access to the software described below.
  In addition, you will need an up-to-date web browser.
</p>
<p>
  We maintain a list of common issues that occur during installation as a reference for instructors
  that may be useful on the
  <a href = "{{site.swc_github}}/workshop-template/wiki/Configuration-Problems-and-Solutions">Configuration Problems and Solutions wiki page</a>.
</p>
<!--
<div id="shell"> {% comment %} Start of 'shell' section. {% endcomment %}
  <h3>The Bash Shell</h3>
  <p>
    Bash is a commonly-used shell that gives you the power to do simple
    tasks more quickly.
  </p>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="shell-windows">Windows</h4>
      <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=339AEqk9c-8">Video Tutorial</a>
      <ol>
        <li>Download the Git for Windows <a href="https://git-for-windows.github.io/">installer</a>.</li>
        <li>Run the installer and follow the steps bellow:
          <ol>
            {% comment %} Git 2.8.2 Setup {% endcomment %}
            {% comment %} Information {% endcomment %}
            <li>Click on "Next".</li>
            {% comment %} Select Components {% endcomment %}
            <li>Click on "Next".</li>
            {% comment %} Adjusting your PATH environment {% endcomment %}
            <li>
              <strong>
                Keep "Use Git from the Windows Command Prompt" selected and click on "Next".
              </strong>
                If you forgot to do this programs that you need for the workshop will not work properly.
                If this happens rerun the installer and select the appropriate option.
            </li>
            {% comment %} Choosing the SSH executable {% endcomment %}
            <li>Click on "Next".</li>
            {% comment %} Configuring the line ending conversions {% endcomment %}
            <li>
              <strong>
                Keep "Checkout Windows-style, commit Unix-style line endings" selected and click on "Next".
              </strong>
            </li>
            {% comment %} Configuring the terminal emulator to use with Git Bash {% endcomment %}
            <li>
              <strong>
                Keep "Use Windows' default console window" selected and click on "Next".
              </strong>
            </li>
            {% comment %} Configuring experimental performance tweaks {% endcomment %}
            <li>Click on "Install".</li>
            {% comment %} Installing {% endcomment %}
            {% comment %} Completing the Git Setup Wizard {% endcomment %}
            <li>Click on "Finish".</li>
          </ol>
        </li>
        <li>
          If your "HOME" environment variable is not set (or you don't know what this is):
          <ol>
            <li>Open command prompt (Open Start Menu then type <code>cmd</code> and press [Enter])</li>
            <li>
              Type the following line into the command prompt window exactly as shown:
              <p><code>setx HOME "%USERPROFILE%"</code></p>
            </li>
            <li>Press [Enter], you should see <code>SUCCESS: Specified value was saved.</code></li>
            <li>Quit command prompt by typing <code>exit</code> then pressing [Enter]</li>
          </ol>
        </li>
      </ol>
      <p>This will provide you with both Git and Bash in the Git Bash program.</p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="shell-macosx">macOS</h4>
      <p>
        The default shell in all versions of macOS is Bash, so no
        need to install anything.  You access Bash from the Terminal
        (found in
        <code>/Applications/Utilities</code>).
        See the Git installation <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LQhwETCdwY ">video tutorial</a>
        for an example on how to open the Terminal.
        You may want to keep
        Terminal in your dock for this workshop.
      </p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="shell-linux">Linux</h4>
      <p>
        The default shell is usually Bash, but if your
        machine is set up differently you can run it by opening a
        terminal and typing <code>bash</code>.  There is no need to
        install anything.
      </p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div> {% comment %} End of 'shell' section. {% endcomment %}
-->
<!--
<div id="git"> {% comment %} Start of 'Git' section. GitHub browser compatability
           is given at https://help.github.com/articles/supported-browsers/{% endcomment %}
  <h3>Git</h3>
  <p>
    Git is a version control system that lets you track who made changes
    to what when and has options for easily updating a shared or public
    version of your code
    on <a href="https://github.com/">github.com</a>. You will need a
    <a href="https://help.github.com/articles/supported-browsers/">supported</a>
    web browser (current versions of Chrome, Firefox or Safari,
    or Internet Explorer version 9 or above).
  </p>
  <p>
    You will need an account at <a href="https://github.com/">github.com</a>
    for parts of the Git lesson. Basic GitHub accounts are free. We encourage
    you to create a GitHub account if you don't have one already.
    Please consider what personal information you'd like to reveal. For
    example, you may want to review these
    <a href="https://help.github.com/articles/keeping-your-email-address-private/">instructions
    for keeping your email address private</a> provided at GitHub.
  </p>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="git-windows">Windows</h4>
      <p>
        Git should be installed on your computer as part of your Bash
        install (described above).
      </p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="git-macosx">macOS</h4>
      <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LQhwETCdwY ">Video Tutorial</a>
      <p>
        <strong>For OS X 10.9 and higher</strong>, install Git for Mac
        by downloading and running the most recent "mavericks" installer from
        <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/git-osx-installer/files/">this list</a>.
        After installing Git, there will not be anything in your <code>/Applications</code> folder,
        as Git is a command line program.
        <strong>For older versions of OS X (10.5-10.8)</strong> use the
        most recent available installer labelled "snow-leopard"
        <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/git-osx-installer/files/">available here</a>.
      </p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="git-linux">Linux</h4>
      <p>
        If Git is not already available on your machine you can try to
        install it via your distro's package manager. For Debian/Ubuntu run
        <code>sudo apt-get install git</code> and for Fedora run
        <code>sudo dnf install git</code>.
      </p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div> {% comment %} End of 'Git' section. {% endcomment %}
-->
<!--
<div id="editor"> {% comment %} Start of 'editor' section. {% endcomment %}
  <h3>Text Editor</h3>
  <p>
    When you're writing code, it's nice to have a text editor that is
    optimized for writing code, with features like automatic
    color-coding of key words.  The default text editor on macOS and
    Linux is usually set to Vim, which is not famous for being
    intuitive.  If you accidentally find yourself stuck in it, try
    typing the escape key, followed by <code>:q!</code> (colon, lower-case 'q',
    exclamation mark), then hitting Return to return to the shell.
  </p>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="editor-windows">Windows</h4>
      <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=339AEqk9c-8">Video Tutorial</a>
      <p>
        nano is a basic editor and the default that instructors use in the workshop.
        To install it,
        download the <a href="{{site.swc_installer}}">
          {% if page.carpentry == "swc" %}
          Software Carpentry
          {% elsif page.carpentry == "dc" %}
          Data Carpentry
          {% elsif page.carpentry == "lc" %}
          Library Carpentry
          {% endif %}
          Windows installer
	</a>
        and double click on the file to run it.
        <strong>This installer requires an active internet connection.</strong>
      </p>
      <p>
        Others editors that you can use are
        <a href="https://notepad-plus-plus.org/">Notepad++</a> or
        <a href="https://www.sublimetext.com/">Sublime Text</a>.
        <strong>Be aware that you must
          add its installation directory to your system path.</strong>
        Please ask your instructor to help you do this.
      </p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="editor-macosx">macOS</h4>
      <p>
        nano is a basic editor and the default that instructors use in the workshop.
        See the Git installation <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9LQhwETCdwY ">video tutorial</a>
        for an example on how to open nano.
        It should be pre-installed.
      </p>
      <p>
        Others editors that you can use are
        <a href="https://www.barebones.com/products/textwrangler/">Text Wrangler</a> or
        <a href="https://www.sublimetext.com/">Sublime Text</a>.
      </p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="editor-linux">Linux</h4>
      <p>
        nano is a basic editor and the default that instructors use in the workshop.
        It should be pre-installed.
      </p>
      <p>
        Others editors that you can use are
        <a href="https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Gedit">Gedit</a>,
        <a href="https://kate-editor.org/">Kate</a> or
        <a href="https://www.sublimetext.com/">Sublime Text</a>.
      </p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div> {% comment %} End of 'editor' section. {% endcomment %}
-->

<div id="python"> {% comment %} Start of 'Python' section. Remove the third paragraph if
           the workshop will teach Python using something other than
           the Jupyter notebook.
           Details at https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/stable/notebook.html#browser-compatibility {% endcomment %}
  <h3>Python</h3>

  <p>
    <a href="https://python.org">Python</a> is a popular language for
    research computing, and great for general-purpose programming as
    well.  Installing all of its research packages individually can be
    a bit difficult, so we strongly recommend
    <a href="https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/">Anaconda</a>,
    an all-in-one installer that includes everything we will be using during the workshop.
  </p>

    <p>
      <strong>Please make sure you install Python version 3.x</strong>
      (e.g., 3.6 is fine).
    </p>

    <p>
      We will teach Python using <a href="https://jupyterlab.readthedocs.io/en/latest">JupyterLab</a>,
      a programming environment that runs in a web browser. For this to work you will need a reasonably
      up-to-date browser. The current versions of the Chrome, Safari and
      Firefox browsers are all supported (some older browsers, including Internet Explorer version 9
      and below, are not).
    </p>
    
    <p>
    Once you have installed Python via Anaconda, test that everything's working
    by launching JupyterLab. You can do this either by opening the Anaconda
    Navigator and selecting JupyterLab from the menu, or by opening a terminal
    or the Anaconda prompt, then typing `jupyter-lab` (or `jupyter lab`) into
    the prompt and hitting <kbd>Enter</kbd>.
    </p>

  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="python-windows">Windows</h4>
      <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxQ0mzZ8UvA">Video Tutorial</a>
      <ol>
        <li>Open <a href="https://www.anaconda.com/download/#windows">https://www.anaconda.com/download/#windows</a> with your web browser.</li>
        <li>Download the Python 3 installer for Windows.</li>
        <li>Install Python 3 using all of the defaults for installation <em>except</em> make sure to check <strong>Make Anaconda the default Python</strong>.</li>
      </ol>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="python-macosx">macOS</h4>
      <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcSAln46u9U">Video Tutorial</a>
      <ol>
        <li>Open <a href="https://www.anaconda.com/download/#macos">https://www.anaconda.com/download/#macos</a> with your web browser.</li>
        <li>Download the Python 3 installer for OS X.</li>
        <li>Install Python 3 using all of the defaults for installation.</li>
      </ol>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="python-linux">Linux</h4>
      <ol>
        <li>Open <a href="https://www.anaconda.com/download/#linux">https://www.anaconda.com/download/#linux</a> with your web browser.</li>
        <li>Download the Python 3 installer for Linux.<br>
          (The installation requires using the shell. If you aren't
           comfortable doing the installation yourself
           stop here and request help at the workshop.)
        </li>
        <li>
          Open a terminal window.
        </li>
        <li>
          Type <pre>bash Anaconda3-</pre> and then press
          tab. The name of the file you just downloaded should
          appear. If it does not, navigate to the folder where you
          downloaded the file, for example with:
          <pre>cd Downloads</pre>
          Then, try again.
        </li>
        <li>
          Press enter. You will follow the text-only prompts. To move through
          the text, press the space key. Type <code>yes</code> and
          press enter to approve the license. Press enter to approve the
          default location for the files. Type <code>yes</code> and
          press enter to prepend Anaconda to your <code>PATH</code>
          (this makes the Anaconda distribution the default Python).
        </li>
        <li>
          Close the terminal window.
        </li>
      </ol>
    </div>
  </div>
{% comment %}
  <p>
  Once you are done installing the software listed above,
  please go to <a href="setup/index.html">this page</a>,
  which has instructions on how to test that everything was installed correctly.
  </p>
{% endcomment %}
</div> {% comment %} End of 'Python' section. {% endcomment %}

<!--
<div id="r"> {% comment %} Start of 'R' section. {% endcomment %}
  <h3>R</h3>
  <p>
    <a href="https://www.r-project.org">R</a> is a programming language
    that is especially powerful for data exploration, visualization, and
    statistical analysis. To interact with R, we use
    <a href="https://www.rstudio.com/">RStudio</a>.
  </p>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="r-windows">Windows</h4>
      <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0PjTAylwoU">Video Tutorial</a>
      <p>
        Install R by downloading and running
        <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/release.htm">this .exe file</a>
        from <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/index.html">CRAN</a>.
        Also, please install the
        <a href="https://www.rstudio.com/ide/download/desktop/#download">RStudio IDE</a>.
        Note that if you have separate user and admin accounts, you should run the 
        installers as administrator (right-click on .exe file and select "Run as 
        administrator" instead of double-clicking). Otherwise problems may occur later, 
        for example when installing R packages.
      </p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="r-macosx">macOS</h4>
      <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-ly3kyxwEg">Video Tutorial</a>
      <p>
        Install R by downloading and running
        <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/bin/macosx/R-latest.pkg">this .pkg file</a>
        from <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/index.html">CRAN</a>.
        Also, please install the
        <a href="https://www.rstudio.com/ide/download/desktop/#download">RStudio IDE</a>.
      </p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="r-linux">Linux</h4>
      <p>
        You can download the binary files for your distribution
        from <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/index.html">CRAN</a>. Or
        you can use your package manager (e.g. for Debian/Ubuntu
        run <code>sudo apt-get install r-base</code> and for Fedora run
        <code>sudo dnf install R</code>).  Also, please install the
        <a href="https://www.rstudio.com/ide/download/desktop/#download">RStudio IDE</a>.
      </p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div> {% comment %} End of 'R' section. {% endcomment %} -->

<!--
<div id="sql"> {% comment %} Start of 'SQLite' section. {% endcomment %}
  <h3>SQLite</h3>
  <p>
    SQL is a specialized programming language used with databases.  We
    use a simple database manager called
    <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/">SQLite</a> in our lessons.
  </p>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="sql-windows">Windows</h4>
      <p>
        The <a href="{{site.swc_installer}}">
          {% if page.carpentry == "swc" %}
          Software Carpentry
          {% elsif page.carpentry == "dc" %}
          Data Carpentry
          {% elsif page.carpentry == "lc" %}
          Library Carpentry
          {% endif %}
          Windows Installer
	</a>
        installs SQLite for Windows.
        If you used the installer to configure nano, you don't need to run it again.
      </p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="sql-macosx">macOS</h4>
      <p>
        SQLite comes pre-installed on macOS.
      </p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="sql-linux">Linux</h4>
      <p>
        SQLite comes pre-installed on Linux.
      </p>
    </div>
  </div> 
  <p><strong>If you installed Anaconda, it also has a copy of SQLite
    <a href="https://github.com/ContinuumIO/anaconda-issues/issues/307">without support to <code>readline</code></a>.
    Instructors will provide a workaround for it if needed.</strong></p>
</div> {% comment %} End of 'SQLite' section. {% endcomment %} -->

<!--
<div id="openrefine"> {% comment %} Start of 'OpenRefine' section. {% endcomment %}
  <h3>OpenRefine</h3>
  <p>
    For this lesson you will need <em>OpenRefine</em> and a
    web browser. <em>Note:</em> this is a Java program that runs on your machine (not in the cloud).
    It runs inside a web browser, but no web connection is needed.
  </p>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="openrefine-windows">Windows</h4>
      <p>
        Check that you have either the Firefox or the Chrome browser installed and set as your default browser.
        <strong>OpenRefine runs in your default browser.</strong>
        It will not run correctly in Internet Explorer.
      </p>
      <p>Download software from <a href="http://openrefine.org/">http://openrefine.org/</a></p>
      <p>Create a new directory called OpenRefine.</p>
      <p>Unzip the downloaded file into the OpenRefine directory by right-clicking and selecting "Extract ...". </p>
      <p>Go to your newly created OpenRefine directory.</p>
      <p>Launch OpenRefine by clicking <code>google-refine.exe</code> (this will launch a command prompt window, but you can ignore that - just wait for OpenRefine to open in the browser).</p>
      <p>If you are using a different browser, or if OpenRefine does not automatically open for you, point your browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:3333/">http://127.0.0.1:3333/</a> or <a href="http://localhost:3333">http://localhost:3333</a> to use the program.</p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="openrefine-mac">Mac</h4>
      <p>Check that you have either the Firefox or the Chrome browser installed and set as your default browser. <strong>OpenRefine runs in your default browser.</strong> It may not run correctly in Safari.</p>
      <p>Download software from <a href="http://openrefine.org/">http://openrefine.org/</a>.</p>
      <p>Create a new directory called OpenRefine.</p>
      <p>Unzip the downloaded file into the OpenRefine directory by double-clicking it.</p>
      <p>Go to your newly created OpenRefine directory.</p>
      <p>Launch OpenRefine by dragging the icon into the Applications folder.</p>
      <p>Use <code>Ctrl-click/Open ... </code> to launch it.</p>
      <p>If you are using a different browser, or if OpenRefine does not automatically open for you, point your browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:3333/">http://127.0.0.1:3333/</a> or <a href="http://localhost:3333">http://localhost:3333</a> to use the program.</p>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-4">
      <h4 id="openrefine-linux">Linux</h4>
      <p>Check that you have either the Firefox or the Chrome browser installed and set as your default browser. <strong>OpenRefine runs in your default browser.</strong></p>
      <p>Download software from <a href="http://openrefine.org/">http://openrefine.org/</a>.</p>
      <p>Make a directory called OpenRefine.</p>
      <p>Unzip the downloaded file into the OpenRefine directory.</p>
      <p>Go to your newly created OpenRefine directory.</p>
      <p>Launch OpenRefine by entering <code>./refine</code> into the terminal within the OpenRefine directory.</p>
      <p>If you are using a different browser, or if OpenRefine does not automatically open for you, point your browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:3333/">http://127.0.0.1:3333/</a> or <a href="http://localhost:3333">http://localhost:3333</a> to use the program.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div> {% comment %} End of 'OpenRefine' section. {% endcomment %}
-->
<!--
{% comment %}
<div id="vm">
  <h3>Virtual Machine</h3>
  <p>
    Some instructors prefer to have learners use a virtual machine (VM)
    rather than install software on their own computers.  If your
    instructors have chosen to do this, please:
  </p>
  <ol>
    <li>
      Install <a href="https://www.virtualbox.org/">VirtualBox</a>.
    </li>
    <li>
      Download our <a href="{{site.swc_vm}}">VM image</a>.
      <strong>Warning:</strong> this file is 1.7 GByte, so please
      download it <em>before</em> coming to your workshop.
    </li>
    <li>
      Load the VM into VirtualBox by selecting "Import Appliance" and
      loading the <code>.ova</code> file.
    </li>
  </ol>
</div>
{% endcomment %} -->