diff --git a/app/src/main/assets/countries_2020.xml b/app/src/main/assets/countries_2020.xml index 656d38e..b4bb85c 100644 --- a/app/src/main/assets/countries_2020.xml +++ b/app/src/main/assets/countries_2020.xml @@ -1,32827 +1,34089 @@ - - Afghanistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/afghanistan - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Afghanistan made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Security Council approved a National Anti-Trafficking in Persons Action Plan, which mandates steps to eliminate the criminal practice of bacha bazi—a form of commercial sexual exploitation of boys—by those in positions of power. In addition, it achieved its first indictment of a government employee, a school headmaster, for bacha bazi crimes uncovered in investigations of the Logar province school system in 2019 and 2020. This indictment, along with numerous other prosecutions, convictions, and stringent prison sentences achieved during the year, are indicative of a nascent shift away from a culture of impunity toward one of greater accountability for these crimes. Furthermore, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs established 10 new Child Protection Action Network units, and Child Protection Units within the Afghan National Police recruitment centers operated in all provinces. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Afghanistan is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. In 2020, the government arrested, detained, and prosecuted children for terrorism-related crimes, including some younger than age 12, who had been forcibly recruited by non-state armed groups. Furthermore, authorities considered some child trafficking victims, especially those engaged in bacha bazi or armed conflict, as criminals, housing them in juvenile detention centers and subjecting them to torture and other forms of ill treatment rather than referring them to victim support services. Children in Afghanistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, armed conflict, and forced labor in the production of bricks and carpets, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Afghanistan’s labor inspectorate is not authorized to impose penalties for child labor violations, and the government lacks sufficient programs to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In addition, Afghan law does not sufficiently criminalize forced labor, debt bondage, or the commercial sexual exploitation of girls. - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Carpets - Yes - No - No - - - Coal - Yes - No - No - - - Poppies - Yes - No - No - - - Salt - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.075 - 673949 - - - 5-14 - 0.418 - - - 7-14 - 0.046 - - - 0.856 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - No - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those engaged in informal employment. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of female children for prostitution and pornographic performances and the use of all children for the production of pornography. - - - Ensure that forced labor and debt bondage are criminally prohibited. - - - - - Establish Child Protection Action Networks in all of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces and ensure that they can provide all services needed by victimized children. - - - Track and publish information on labor inspections, including labor inspectorate funding, number of labor inspectors, number and type of child labor inspections, number of violations found, and number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for violations of Afghan law. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training on child labor. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice and ensure that inspections are conducted throughout the country and in all sectors. - - - Simplify the child labor complaint mechanism to allow oral complaints, and eliminate or waive the requirement that the individual filing a complaint must specify the legal grounds for the violation. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts inspections in private businesses and the informal sector. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators are available and receive resources, including equipment and transportation, to enforce criminal child labor laws. - - - Ensure that child victims of human trafficking and other worst forms of child labor are correctly identified as victims, and referred to appropriate social services, not arrested, detained, or subjected to mistreatment or torture. - - - End the practice in which some corrupt officials accept bribes to produce false identity document to indicate children are older than 18 years of age for the illicit purpose of recruitment of children in armed conflict. - - - Strengthen the integrity of institutional reporting of bacha bazi cases to the authorities by emphasizing the protection of child victims, promoting accountability and a deterrence to perpetrators who may re-offend if cases are handled through traditional mediation. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates, including by ensuring that detailed enforcement data are reported to appropriate coordination bodies and that meetings are held at the mandated intervals. - - - - - Implement the National Labor Policy and the National Strategy for Children at Risk. - - - - - Institute a birth registration campaign so that age is documented and children can register for school. - - - Institute programs to increase access to education and improve security in schools (especially for girls). - - - Institute programs to address child labor in all relevant sectors, such as agriculture and bonded child labor in brick kilns. - - - Provide financial support to open shelters for victims of human trafficking and to ensure that sufficient shelter services are available for male child trafficking victims. - - - Build capacity for the government to have sufficient Child Protection Unit (CPU) reporting channels to identify children, prevent them from joining the security forces, and provide shelter, services, and family reintegration. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Project to Prevent Child Labor in Home-Based Carpet Production in Afghanistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-prevent-child-labor-home-based-carpet-production-afghanistan - - - Demobilization of Child Soldiers and Socio-Economic Reintegration of War-Affected Young People in Afghanistan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Afghanistan_ChildSoldiers_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear - - - - - Albania - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/albania - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Albania made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Ministry of Justice launched the Integrated System of Data on Justice for Children, which will allow parties throughout the national justice system to coordinate on cases related to children in conflict with the law, including child labor. The government also adopted a new National Cybersecurity Plan to address the online exploitation of children, and the State Agency for the Protections and Rights of Children engaged extensively with private sector stakeholders to raise awareness of child labor and promote coordination with local government authorities. However, children in Albania are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, criminal activity, and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children in Albania are also subjected to mining, including of chromium. The law does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities. In addition, the labor inspectorate lacks resources to conduct inspections in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur. - - - - 5-14 - 0.046 - 23665 - - - 5-14 - 0.925 - - - 7-14 - 0.052 - - - 1.033 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 1800000 - 118 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 5772 - 5772 - 119 - 24 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 84 - 7 - 30 - 7 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that using, procuring, and offering children under age 18 for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, is criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that the use of children in prostitution is criminally prohibited. - - - - - Ensure that labor inspectors can inspect the informal sector in which child labor is known to occur, including private homes, private farms, or unregistered businesses. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient resources, including vehicles, to enforce child labor laws. - - - - - Ensure proper coordination between the State Inspectorate for Labor and Social Services and the Albanian State Police. - - - - - Ensure that the government implements national policies related to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - - - Conduct research to further identify children’s activities in agriculture and construction to inform policies and programs. - - - Provide adequate transportation for Roma and Balkan Egyptian children who live in communities far from schools. - - - Ensure that barriers to education, including discrimination against both children with disabilities and Roma and Balkan Egyptian children without formal birth registration paperwork, are removed. - - - Provide language translation for migrant and refugee children to facilitate school access. - - - Increase the number of shelters for victims of the worst forms of child labor, and in particular, for children living and working on the streets. - - - Institute programs to assist children who are victims of human trafficking and those who are used in scavenging chromium. - - - Ensure that funding and human resources are increased for social programs for child labor and that decentralized social funds to municipalities are appropriately allocated to adequately carry out programs. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Algeria - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/algeria - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Algeria made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government increased its number of labor inspectors from 645 in 2019 to 885 in 2020 and implemented a new strategy to address forced child begging by conducting periodic visits to transportation hubs and storage facilities. In an effort to address the challenge of enforcing labor laws in the informal economy, the government also led an initiative with an Algerian think tank to explore ways to reach children involved in informal work. However, children in Algeria are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street vending. The government has not sufficiently prohibited the use of children in illicit activities or determined by national law or regulation the types of work that are hazardous for children to perform. - - - - 5-14 - 0.067 - 413729 - - - 5-14 - 0.923 - - - 7-14 - 0.072 - - - 1.051 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 885 - Yes - No - N/A - Yes - 116701 - 109113 - 14 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - N/A - Yes - Unknown - 5669 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws increase penalties for, or categorize as a separate crime, the involvement of children in all illicit activities, including using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Publish information on the labor law enforcement of child labor laws, including labor inspectorate funding, number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and penalties collected. - - - Ensure that new labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive initial training. - - - Publish information on the criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including the number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Adopt a national policy that includes all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation, forced begging, and street work. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan for the Prevention of and Fight Against Trafficking in Persons during the reporting period. - - - - - Research and publish detailed information on children involved in child labor, or at risk of being involved; specify these activities, including those carried out in construction work; and publish information to inform policies. - - - Ensure that social programs address the increasing number of migrant children involved in rural family-run businesses and agricultural work, as well as subjected to forced begging. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, street work, and forced begging. - - - Publish disaggregated figures on the commercial sexual exploitation of children to fully assess its scope and tailor social programs accordingly. - - - Ensure that isolated cases of school administrators denying enrollment to migrant children are stopped in accordance with laws allowing for free public education for all children. - - - Take measures to remove barriers to education for migrant children and children with disabilities, including: language barriers, lack of specialized training, transportation and accessibility of school buildings. - - - Expand social programs to address school dropout rates in the southern region of the country. - - - Publish information on the activities of existing social programs as they relate to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Angola - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/angola - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Angola made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved a consolidation of existing legislation related to child labor, including hazardous labor and child trafficking, which was incorporated into the Penal Code. In addition, the government increased the number of labor inspectors in the country by over 140 inspectors and conducted an intensive campaign to increase birth registration and the issuance of identification cards, resulting in the registration of 1,098,694 Angolans. However, children in Angola are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction. Prohibitions against the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards because they do not prohibit the procuring or offering of a child for the production of pornography or the use, procuring, or offering of a child for pornographic performances. Moreover, a coordinating mechanism dedicated solely to addressing issues related to the worst forms of child labor does not exist outside the scope of human trafficking, and social programs do not target all sectors in which children work. - - - Diamonds - Yes - Yes - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.151 - 1246354 - - - 5-14 - 0.694 - - - 7-14 - 0.136 - - - 0.462 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 273 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the legal framework prohibits the procuring and offering of children for the production of pornography, and the use, procuring, and offering of a child for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits hazardous occupations or activities for children in all relevant sectors in Angola, including diamond mining. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Publish information regarding labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspections conducted, the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Public Administration, Labor, and Social Security receives adequate resources to conduct inspections in sectors in which child labor is known to occur. - - - Increase training for criminal investigators, including training of investigators outside the capital and in remote areas across Angola. - - - Publish information regarding the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, ensure inspectors receive training on new laws related to child labor, such as the Penal Code, and receive refresher courses. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor, including those that occur outside the context of human trafficking. - - - Ensure that activities postponed due to the COVID-19 are re-established when it is safe to do so. - - - Increase the capacity to aggregate and synthesize data on human trafficking cases. - - - - - Ensure that the National Action Plan to Eradicate Child Labor is implemented. - - - - - Institute programs that target children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. - - - Develop and expand existing social programs to ensure that all children have access to education and are not restricted by informal fees, lack of birth certificates, lack of teachers, or poor school infrastructure. - - - Ensure that refugee children are not hindered from continuing their education beyond age 11 by providing a working mechanism whereby identification documents can be obtained. - - - - - Yes - Yes - No - - - - Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone - - - - - Anguilla - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/anguilla - Europe and Eurasia - No - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Anguilla, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the minimum ages for work and hazardous work do not meet international standards, and Anguilla lacks a list of prohibited hazardous occupations and activities for children. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.956 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - - - Ratify international conventions on child labor. - - - Ensure that the law establishes age 15 as the minimum age for work in all sectors. - - - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for all hazardous work. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in drug trafficking and production. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - - - NA - Yes - Yes - - - - Argentina - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/argentina - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2020, Argentina made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Buenos Aires Ministry of Labor issued a regulation to close a loophole that enabled companies to exploit underage workers through sub-contracting arrangements. Whereas the government previously did not actively investigate the use of children in illicit activities, during the reporting period gang members were convicted and sentenced for using children to sell drugs. The Coordinating Body for the Prevention of Child Labor and Regulation of Adolescent Work was also elevated to directorate level within the Ministry of Labor, granting it more resources and responsibilities. In addition, Argentina renewed key policies aimed at addressing the worst forms of child labor, including its biannual plan against human trafficking. Finally, the government provided additional assistance to vulnerable families during the COVID-19 pandemic through its largest social program benefiting children at risk of child labor. However, children in Argentina are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the transport, sale, and distribution of drugs. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information about its labor law enforcement efforts and the labor inspectorate remains understaffed to adequately address child labor issues in the country. - - - Blueberries - Yes - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - - - Garlic - Yes - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Grapes - Yes - No - No - - - Olives - Yes - No - No - - - Strawberries - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - Tomatoes - Yes - No - No - - - Yerba Mate (stimulant plant) - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.053 - 371771 - - - 5-14 - 0.989 - - - 7-14 - 0.062 - - - 0.987 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 324 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 19034 - 19034 - 16 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 19 - 12 - 9 - 5 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws on child labor to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Publish information on the labor inspectorate budget, the number of child labor violations identified for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. - - - Strengthen the capacity of Argentina's judiciary and police to investigate trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation cases. - - - - - Improve government coordination, particularly between national and local government entities, in the provision of services to victims of all forms of child labor, including for children subjected to commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Publish information on activities taken under key policies to address child labor, forced labor, and human trafficking. - - - - - Publish information on activities taken under social programs to address child labor, forced labor, and human trafficking. - - - Develop specific programs that target child labor in sectors in which child labor is prevalent, including street begging and performing, windshield washing, and guarding of parked cars, and increase funding for shelters and assistance for girl victims of human trafficking. - - - Increase funding for shelters and assistance to girl victims of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Multi-stakeholder Strategy for Child Labor Elimination in Agriculture in Argentina - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/multi-stakeholder-strategy-child-labor-elimination-agriculture-argentina - - - Improving the Capacity of Labor and Agriculture Stakeholders to Address Child Labor in Agricultural Areas of Argentina Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/improving-capacity-labor-and-agriculture-stakeholders-address-child-labor - - - Project to Promote Workplace-Based Training for Vulnerable Youth in Argentina - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-promote-workplace-based-training-vulnerable-youth-argentina - - - Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network (GAN) National Networks - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 - - - Evidence to Action: Increasing the Impact of Research to Mobilize Efforts against Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/evidence-action-increasing-impact-research-mobilize-efforts-against-forced-labor - - - - - Armenia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/armenia - Europe and Eurasia - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Armenia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Beginning in April 2020, the Health and Labor Inspection Body took on some inspection responsibilities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including enforcing quarantine provisions and ensuring worker safety and health. The government's National Action Plan Against Trafficking in Persons also went into effect in June, and implementation in several areas began immediately. In addition, the government adopted a new referral mechanism to provide assistance to minor victims of trafficking in persons. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Armenia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Although some labor inspections resumed in 2020, labor inspectors still lack the authority to conduct unannounced inspections. Children in Armenia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, and no government programs exist to aid them. - - - - 5-14 - 0.07 - 24602 - 0.939 - 0.005 - 0.057 - - - 5-14 - 0.954 - - - 7-14 - 0.086 - - - 0.931 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16‡ - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 19 - No - Yes - - - - $2.1 million - 28 - Yes - Yes - No - No - 119 - 119 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 3 - 1 - 2 - 0 - Yes - - - - - Ensure that Armenian law specifies the types of light work acceptable for children ages 14 to 15. - - - Facilitate enforcement of labor law by codifying a definition of forced labor. - - - Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that the Health and Labor Inspection Body is empowered to conduct routine unannounced inspections. - - - Draft and approve inspection checklists that fully empower the Health and Labor Inspection Body to conduct inspections for child labor violations in all industries, and ensure that such inspections are carried out. - - - Strengthen the labor inspection by increasing the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Provide regular refresher courses and trainings on new labor lawsfor labor inspectors. - - - Protect children by providing law enforcement officials with specialized training on interviewing victims of child trafficking. - - - Implement existing witness protection mechanisms to protect victims of child trafficking who cooperate with law enforcement. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat child labor, including all its worst forms. - - - - - Improve understanding of child labor issues in Armenia by regularly collecting and maintaining data on child labor. - - - Ensure that all children, including children in remote areas, those from low-income families and families that travel for seasonal labor, and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have equal access to education. - - - Strengthen support for potential victims through measures in the educational system to identify truant children and ensure they are not engaged in child labor. - - - Ensure the availability of out-of-care services for deinstitutionalized children in parallel with increased efforts to prevent institutionalization of children, and ensure that children currently residing in government institutions are not engaged in child labor. - - - Ensure that mainstream education is accessible to children with special education needs and children with disabilities by improving the accessibility of the physical infrastructure and increasing the availability of special education teachers and other specialists for students with mental disabilities. - - - Implement programs to address child labor in street work and in agriculture. - - - Allocate sufficient personnel and resources to publicize and provide social services throughout the country, offer sufficient training to service providers, and assign reasonable caseloads - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - - - Azerbaijan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/azerbaijan - Europe and Eurasia - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Azerbaijan made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved the National Action Plan on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (2020–2024) and drafted criteria for resuming risk-based routine labor inspections on occupational safety and health. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Azerbaijan is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a law that delays advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In 2017, the government extended a moratorium on labor inspections, including worksite inspections, until 2021. On March 9, 2021, this moratorium was extended again, through January 1, 2022. While inspectors can conduct desk reviews in response to complaints, the lack of proactive or onsite inspection mechanisms may leave potential violations of child labor laws undetected in workplaces. Children in Azerbaijan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Coordinating bodies, including the State Committee on Family, Women and Children's Affairs, lack the capacity to effectively carry out their mandates. In addition, police typically treat children begging or engaging in street work as a family issue, rather than screening for indicators of forced begging. As a result, cases may not be properly referred for criminal investigation and prosecution. - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.045 - 70034 - 0.919 - 0.008 - 0.072 - - - 6-14 - 0.943 - - - 7-14 - 0.049 - - - 1.004 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 19 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 182 - Yes - Unknown - N/A - No - 0 - 0 - 3 - 3 - 3 - No - No - No - No - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 2 - 2 - 0 - 1 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that all working children are protected by law, including children working without a written employment agreement or outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. - - - Criminally prohibit the use of children for prostitution and the use and offering of children for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. - - - - - Resume routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections, including in response to complaints, to ensure that child labor laws are enforced. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s operations, including funding levels and training provided to labor inspectors. - - - Ensure that children identified by law enforcement as engaged in child labor are referred to social services centers or other services, as appropriate, so that they do not return to child labor. - - - Increase law enforcement investigations related to child labor outside Baku. - - - Screen for forced labor indicators in child begging situations, including those referred by NGOs, and as appropriate, investigate and prosecute forcing children to beg as a criminal offense. - - - - - Increase coordination between law enforcement agencies to enforce child labor laws. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are capacitated and able to carry out their intended mandates, including across different agencies and levels of government. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as hazardous work in agriculture. - - - Revise policies on priority crops that mandate production targets to help prevent child labor in agriculture. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that children from marginalized groups and children with disabilities have equal access to education. - - - Ensure that undocumented children are able to access education. - - - Ensure that all eligible families are able to access benefits under social programs for vulnerable children and families. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that NGO-run shelters for victims of human trafficking are sufficiently and consistently funded to provide adequate services to victims. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - - - Bangladesh - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bangladesh - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Bangladesh made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government extended implementation of the National Plan of Action on the Elimination of Child Labor from 2021 to 2025. The Ministry of Labor and Employment also drafted an update to the hazardous work list, which if adopted, would add drying fish. In addition, the government constituted and funded seven anti-trafficking in persons tribunals to handle human trafficking cases. However, children in Bangladesh are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced child labor in the production of dried fish and bricks. Children also perform dangerous tasks in garment and leather goods supply chains. The Bangladesh Labor Act does not apply to the informal sector, in which most child labor in Bangladesh occurs. Labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties and, when courts do impose them, the fines are too low to deter child labor law violations. Moreover, the government did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts related to child labor. - - - Bidis (hand-rolled cigarettes) - Yes - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Dried Fish - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Footwear - Yes - No - No - - - Furniture (steel) - Yes - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - No - No - - - Glass - Yes - No - No - - - Leather - Yes - No - No - - - Matches - Yes - No - No - - - Poultry - Yes - No - No - - - Salt - Yes - No - No - - - Shrimp - Yes - No - No - - - Soap - Yes - No - No - - - Textiles - Yes - No - No - - - Textiles (jute) - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.884 - - - 7-14 - 0.082 - - - Unavailable - - - - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 16.5 - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 10 - No - No - - - - 5488943 - 308 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 22195 - 22195 - 3531 - 27 - 27 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Amend the national law to reflect the amended Domestic Workers Protection and Welfare policy. - - - Extend the law’s minimum age protections to children working in the informal sector, including in domestic work, on the streets, and in small-scale agriculture. - - - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive, in particular by including garment production and fish drying. - - - Establish criminal prohibitions on the use of children for pornographic performances. - - - Establish criminal prohibitions on the use of children in illicit activities, particularly in the production of drugs. - - - Establish age 16 as the minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military, with safeguards for voluntariness. - - - Establish criminal prohibitions on the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that education is compulsory through eighth grade and is consistent with the minimum age for work. - - - - - Ensure enforcement of citations and penalties for labor law violations, including authorizing the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor law violations and increasing penalties for child labor law violations to be an adequate deterrent. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that labor inspections are conducted unannounced and during overnight shifts. - - - Create mechanisms for labor and criminal law enforcement to refer children involved in child labor to appropriate legal and social services. - - - Ensure that law enforcement personnel are investigated, prosecuted, and convicted for falsifying age documents and accepting bribes to overlook age verification procedures, which contribute to offenses related to the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Publish information related to criminal law enforcement, including training, the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Provide law enforcement with sufficient financial and technological resources to enforce violations involving human trafficking, forced labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - - - Ensure that the National Child Labor Welfare Council is operating effectively. - - - Ensure that counter-trafficking committees are able to function, including with adequate funding, and that its efforts include monitoring and reporting. - - - Effectively coordinate with the Rescue, Recovery, Repatriation, and Integration Task Force to ensure the timely repatriation of human trafficking victims. - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure that the National Plan of Action on the Elimination of Child Labor is transparently implemented. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education Policy. - - - Ensure that there is adequate funding for full implementation of the National Plan of Action for Prevention and Suppression of Human Trafficking, especially for measures protecting victims. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Implement programs that rehabilitate street children engaged in child labor and enroll them in school. - - - Provide sufficient education services for Rohingya refugee children, remove barriers to their school attendance, and implement programs to decrease their engagement in and subjection to child labor activities. - - - Expand programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including developing and implementing programs to address child labor in the informal garment, leather, and fish drying industries. - - - Ensure that Phase IV of the Elimination of Hazardous Child Labor program is implemented. - - - Ensure that the Child Help Line and other help lines are operating effectively. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Child Labor Improvements in Bangladesh (CLIMB) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/climb - - - Preventing and Eliminating Worst Forms of Child Labor in Selected Formal and Informal Sectors in Bangladesh - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bangladesh_HazardousSectors_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Garment Factories in Bangladesh: Mainstreaming the Verification and Monitoring System for the Elimination of Child Labor, Phases 1 – 3 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bangladesh_Garment_Phases%201-3_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Belize - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/belize - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Belize made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Child Labor Committee, along with its affiliates, validated the Protocol for Accompanied and Unaccompanied Minors, which outlines steps a labor inspector should take if one comes across a child laborer during an inspection. Moreover, the Terms of Reference for the new National Child Labor Policy were completed, but they have not yet been formalized in new legislation or regulation. Children in Belize are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture and construction. With the exception of some work categories that allow employment at age 14, the country's minimum age for work is 12 and does not meet international standards. In addition, the country lacks prohibitions against the use of children in illicit activities and does not appear to have programs to address child labor in agriculture. - - - Bananas - Yes - No - No - - - Citrus Fruits - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.016 - 1405 - 0.246 - 0.105 - 0.649 - - - 5-14 - 0.945 - - - 7-14 - 0.012 - - - 1.028 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 23 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 301 - 301 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - No - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory.​ - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work is age 14 in all sectors. - - - Adopt a list of hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children and ensure that all children under age 18 are prohibited from engaging in hazardous work. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children ages 16 and 17. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit the use of children in specific illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - - - Publish complete information on enforcement efforts to combat child labor, including labor inspectorate funding. - - - Ensure that law enforcement agencies have sufficient resources, including vehicles, fuel, and inspectors, to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations. - - - Ensure that the level of inspections and penalties are sufficient to deter child labor law violations. - - - Implement and fund adequate training systems for inspectors and criminal investigators, including on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Prosecute and impose criminal penalties for the worst forms of child labor, and ensure that courts hear and try human trafficking cases. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Conduct a comprehensive study of children’s activities to determine whether they are engaged in or at risk for involvement in the worst forms of child labor, to inform policies and programs. - - - Increase access to education by eliminating fees; improving educational facilities; hiring additional qualified teachers; providing textbooks, uniforms, and meals; and addressing language barriers for Spanish-speaking students. - - - Implement programs to address commercial sexual exploitation of children and programs to assist children working in agriculture, fisheries, and construction. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Benin - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/benin - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Benin made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The labor inspectorate nearly tripled the number of inspections conducted over the previous year, and the government passed legislation increasing the minimum age for apprenticeships from age 14 to 15. Moreover, the National Monitoring and Coordination Working Group for Child Protection met for the first time since 2017. However, children in Benin are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of cotton and crushed granite, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work and street vending. There are many barriers to education, especially for children with disabilities. In addition, the government did not publicly release information on some of its criminal law enforcement efforts, and limited resources for the adequate enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor. - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Granite (crushed) - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.679 - - - 7-14 - 0.168 - - - 0.644 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 200000 - 35 - Yes - No - No - No - 2070 - 2070 - 1273 - 0 - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - No - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory.​ - - - Create meaningful penalties for the transport and trafficking of minors and crimes involving labor exploitation. - - - - - Provide initial training and refresher courses on child labor for labor inspectors and criminal law enforcement officials. - - - Increase financial resources to enforce laws against child labor. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Conduct inspections in sectors that have the highest incidence of child labor, such as in agriculture and mining. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement data as it relates to the worst forms of child labor, including the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies meet and report their activities, including the Inter-Ministerial Task Force to Combat Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure effective coordination among agencies on procedures and social services for abused and vulnerable children. - - - - - Ensure that existing policies addressing child labor are implemented as intended including the National Action Plans against both the Worst Forms of Child Labor and Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that child labor elimination and prevention strategies are integrated into the Education Sector Plan. - - - - - Increase access to education byensuring the safety of children in schools, providingaccess to schools for children with disabilities, providing reliable transportation to schools, and increasing birth registration rates. - - - Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic work, commercial sexual exploitation, and agriculture; andmonitor and report annually on the progress of these programs. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Education First Project - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Benin_EFP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional - - - - - Bhutan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bhutan - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Bhutan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Bhutanese Parliament passed the Penal Code (Amendment) Act of Bhutan 2021, which amended the legal definition of human trafficking to make the legislation consistent with international standards for adults, but it still includes the necessity of force, fraud, or coercion in child trafficking cases. The National Commission for Women and Children developed an internal Child Safeguarding and Protection Policy to promote and protect children from abuse and exploitation. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Bhutan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Bhutan’s minimum age for work is inconsistent with international standards, and education is not compulsory. The government has not adopted a national policy to address child labor, including its worst forms. The government did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement and criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - - 5-14 - 0.038 - 6338 - - - 5-14 - 0.847 - - - 7-14 - 0.033 - - - 1.0 - - - - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - N/A - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 13 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - 2350 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - 1 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that laws on child labor comply with the international standard for the minimum age for work. - - - Make primary education compulsory and ensure that the compulsory age for education extends to the minimum age for employment. - - - Criminally prohibit child trafficking without needing proof of the use of force, fraud, or coercion. - - - Make publicly available the legal statute that prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into Bhutan's military. - - - - - Publish labor law enforcement data, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspectors, whether labor inspectors received training on new laws related to child labor, whether new and veteran labor inspectors received refresher training, the number of labor inspections conducted in total and at worksites, the number of violations found, the number of violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of penalties imposed that were collected. - - - Ensure that the Department of Labor has the resources necessary to enforce labor laws and combat child labor. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive adequate training to carry out their duties. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Bhutan meets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Ensure that labor law enforcement investigation data are disaggregated by labor violation type to better target, prevent, and eliminate child labor. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement information, including initial training for new criminal investigators, training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, refresher courses provided to criminal investigators, the number of investigations conducted, and the number of violations found. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies to combat child labor are active and able to fulfill their mandate. - - - - - Adopt a comprehensive policy or national action plan that eliminates the worst forms of child labor and includes child labor prevention strategies. - - - - - Conduct a national child labor survey, including research to determine child labor activities in farming and construction, and publish the results. - - - Implement programs to make education more accessible for children living in remote locations, children from nomadic communities and migrant populations, children with disabilities, and children who are stateless. - - - Create social programs targeting working children, particularly in agriculture, and children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work. - - - - - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Bolivia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bolivia - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Bolivia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved a resolution allowing Venezuelan minors without identification documents or with expired documents to regularize their immigration status, enabling them to access the educational system. The Office of Women and Family in the municipality of Tarija began a project with the Ministry of Labor to create a list of children working in the streets and reintegrate this population into their families and schools. In addition, the Attorney General announced the formation of department-level special prosecutor offices dedicated to pursuing crimes of human trafficking and smuggling and installing special prosecutors with greater knowledge of these crimes. Finally, under the Juancito Pinto Program, more than 2.3 million participating students received $73 million in aid to encourage school retention in primary and secondary schools. However, children in Bolivia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and mining. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of sugarcane. Although Bolivian law requires that apprentices attend school, it does not set a minimum age for participation in apprenticeships. In addition, Article 1 of Supreme Decree No. 1875 sets the minimum age for compulsory military service at 17 years, which does not comply with international standards. - - - Brazil Nuts/Chestnuts - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Cattle - No - Yes - No - - - Corn - Yes - Yes - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Peanuts - No - Yes - No - - - Silver - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Tin - Yes - No - No - - - Zinc - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.194 - 467874 - 0.684 - 0.086 - 0.23 - - - 5-14 - 0.742 - - - 7-14 - 0.169 - - - 0.916 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16* - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 71 - No - Yes - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - No - - - - - Ensure that the law prohibits children under the age of 14 from participating in apprenticeships. - - - Ensure that the law establishes 18 as the minimum age for compulsory recruitment by the state military and criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Publish information on child labor law enforcement, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspections conducted at worksites, the number of child labor violations as a result of inspections, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. - - - Ensure that inspectors receive refresher course trainings each year. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws on child labor to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Provide sufficient funding to increase the Ministry of Labor's capacity to ensure the adequate enforcement of child labor laws. - - - Ensure that there are systematized records or a consolidated database on the number of violations found related to child labor. - - - Ensure that Offices of the Child Advocate publicly report on the number of children referred for work authorizations and the number of children rescued from child labor and referred for social services. - - - Establish and maintain in every municipality an Office of the Child Advocate with sufficient resources to ensure that legal protections are extended to all children who are permitted to work, that parents are assisted in registering their children for work, and that coordination of the provision of services to children who are removed from child labor, including its worst forms, occurs in each region. - - - Publish information on training for criminal investigators, including whether they receive training on the worst forms of child labor and refresher training; the number of criminal child labor investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions. - - - Ensure that penalties are imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient shelters for victims of the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking throughout the country and that victims are not cast out of shelters due to fixed timelines. - - - Provide sufficient training, including training on human trafficking, to criminal law enforcement agencies to ensure adequate enforcement of laws related to the worst forms of child labor. Address issues of high rotation among police, prosecutors, and judges as well as judicial backlog to ensure adequate prosecution. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies report specific activities taken to address child labor throughout the year. - - - Ensure that the National Commission for the Progressive Eradication of Child Labor fulfills its central coordinating role and develops concrete mechanisms to improve coordination among participating agencies and organizations. - - - Ensure that all Ministry of Labor departmental sub-commissions designed to combat child labor convene and receive sufficient resources to carry out their functions. - - - Ensure that all Department-Level Councils against Human Trafficking are fully operational as required by the Comprehensive Law against Human Trafficking and Smuggling. - - - - - Establish and implement a new national policy to address child labor. - - - Ensure that all policies that address child labor are active and take actions each reporting period, including the Bolivian General Plan for Economic and Social Development. - - - Approve and publish a national action plan to address the trafficking and smuggling of persons. - - - - - Expand national programs, especially those targeting children in rural areas, to increase secondary school attendance. - - - Increase the Juancito Pinto subsidy to ensure that school children are able to cover the costs associated with attending school. - - - Expand social programs to address the worst forms of child labor at sites in which hazardous child labor exists, particularly in the production of Brazil nuts and sugarcane, ranching and cattle raising, mining, domestic work and street work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that all social programs that address the worst forms of child labor are active and publish information on activities each reporting period. - - - - - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - ÑAUPAQMAN PURIY KEREIMBA: Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Bolivia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/naupaqman-puriy-kereimba-combating-exploitive-child-labor-through-education-bolivia - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bolivia_CECL_Closed_0.pdf - - - Combating Mining Child Labor Through Education in Bolivia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bolivia_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bosnia-and-herzegovina - Europe and Eurasia - Yes - Moderate Advancement - Unwrap Unwrap not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. In 2020, Bosnia and Herzegovina made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Council of Ministers adopted the 2020–2023 National Strategy to Combat Trafficking in Persons as well as the National Action Plan to combat trafficking. The Republika Srpska entity has adopted an anti-trafficking action plan, and cantonal governments have adopted several local action plans. The Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina improved victim access to social services by merging resources for domestic and foreign victims of human trafficking into one fund. The Republika Srpska entity amended the chapter on crimes against citizens’ rights and freedoms in the Criminal Code by introducing forced begging, domestic servitude, and sexual exploitation as forms of trafficking to make trafficking prosecutions easier. It also strengthened sentences, which now mandate 3 to 20 years of imprisonment. However, children in Bosnia and Herzegovina are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Border police officers and social workers failed to properly identify unaccompanied migrant and refugee children as potential victims of human trafficking due to a lack of proper protocols. Furthermore, laws on the minimum age for work do not meet international standards because they do not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships. - - - - 5-14 - 0.089 - 44017 - - - 5-14 - 0.837 - - - 7-14 - 0.106 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - FBiH, RS, BD - FBiH, RS, BD - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - 15 - No - No - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - No - 15 - No - No - - - Brčko District - Brčko District - No - 15 - No - No - - - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Br\u+010Dko District - Br\u+010Dko District - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Br\u+010Dko District - Br\u+010Dko District - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - - No - No - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Br\u+010Dko District - Br\u+010Dko District - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Br\u+010Dko District - Br\u+010Dko District - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - - No - No - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - - No - No - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - No - - No - No - - - Br\u+010Dko District - Br\u+010Dko District - No - - No - No - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - No - - No - No - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Br\u+010Dko District - Br\u+010Dko District - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - BiH, FBiH, RS, BD - BiH, FBiH, RS, BD - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - BiH, FBiH, RS, BD - BiH, FBiH, RS, BD - No - - No - No - - - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Br\u+010Dko District - Br\u+010Dko District - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown - - - - - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina - 133 - - - Republika Srpska - Republika Srpska - 31 - - - Br\u+010Dko District - Br\u+010Dko District - 12 - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - N/A - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - 0 - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - N/A - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - N/A - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes - - - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown - - - - - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown - - - - - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown - - - - - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown - - - - - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Unknown - - - FBiH/RS/BD - FBiH/RS/BD - 10 - - - - - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - Unknown - - - - - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - BiH/FBiH/RS/BD - Yes - - - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships. - - - Criminalize forced labor, debt bondage, and slavery separately from human trafficking in FBiH's laws. - - - Ensure that BiH law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the laws criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups and that children are not punished for engagement in non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including forced begging and use in illicit activities. - - - Ensure that BiH law criminally prohibits using children for prostitution, production of pornography, or pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the laws of FBIH and BD criminally prohibit the use of children for prostitution. - - - Ensure that the use of children for prostitution, production of pornography, and pornographic performances is criminally prohibited separately from human trafficking. - - - - - Collect and publish information on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, number of inspections conducted, and number of prosecutions and convictions. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive training on all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including hazardous work in agriculture. - - - Create an official mechanism for referring children identified during labor inspections to social services providers. - - - Ensure that children are not penalized for being victims of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that law enforcement, judiciary officials, and social services providers are trained on government protocols in detecting cases of child trafficking, including trafficking of migrant and refugee children, and are able to properly identify victims, classify violations, use referral mechanisms, and prosecute offenders according to the law. - - - - - Ensure that all relevant ministries are represented in the Anti-Trafficking Strike Force and allocate sufficient funding to enable coordination and documentation of active investigations. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to implement their mandates. - - - - - NA - - - - - Ensure that inclusive education initiatives receive adequate funding. - - - Ensure that all children have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, accommodating children with disabilities, and preventing discrimination of minority students. - - - Ensure that all children have access to birth registration or identity documentation required to enroll in school. - - - Allow all Bosniak children in RS to access education in the Bosniak language and remove the "Two Schools Under One Roof" practice to eliminate discrimination in schools based on ethnicity in FBiH. - - - Strengthen social protection measures by ensuring that programs such as Daily Centers and Centers for Social Welfare receive adequate financial and technical resources to assist vulnerable families and victims of child labor. - - - Ensure sufficient resources to provide social services and education to potential and actual victims of domestic or international human trafficking, including unaccompanied minors. - - - Ensure that government support for outreach to street children extends beyond Sarajevo. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Botswana - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/botswana - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Botswana made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government provided emergency food assistance packages to vulnerable families, reaching over 47,000 households affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Criminal law enforcement officials also initiated two prosecutions related to the human trafficking of children for commercial sexual exploitation. However, children in Botswana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, cattle herding, and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Key gaps remain in the country’s legal framework, including the lack of a minimum age for compulsory education and list of hazardous work activities for children. In addition, social programs do not always reach intended child labor victims, especially those engaged in cattle herding and domestic work. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.007 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - - 64424 - Unknown - No - Yes - N/A - No - 76 - 76 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - 2 - 2 - 2 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Establish provisions specifying the types of light work acceptable for children age 14. - - - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that the use of children in prostitution and pornographic performances are criminally prohibited. - - - Establish a compulsory education age consistent with the minimum age of employment. - - - - - Publish information regarding labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of labor inspectors. - - - Ensure that labor law enforcement officers receive refresher trainings. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient human and financial resources to adequately enforce labor laws, including on farms and cattle posts. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Botswana meets the ILO’s technical guidance. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have authorization to worksite premises and are able to conduct inspections at farms and domestic households. - - - Publish information about criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, including the training of investigators, number of convictions, and whether there were penalties imposed for criminal child labor offenses. - - - Publish information on the number of complaints related to the worst forms of child labor received through the Ministry of Employment, Labor Productivity and Skills Development and the Botswana Police Service toll-free hotlines. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Defense, Justice, and Security receives sufficient training and that there is increased coordination among agencies to address victims of human trafficking. - - - Ensure that there are adequate referral and rehabilitation services for human trafficking victims. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor during the reporting period. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies, such as the Education and Training Sector Strategic Plan and the Botswana National Youth Policy. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Enhance educational access for all children by defraying costs for uniforms and school materials. - - - Enhance efforts to remove educational barriers and make education accessible for all children by taking measures to reduce travel distances to reach schools, address language barriers and ethnic discrimination, prevent physical and sexual violence in schools, increase resources for students with disabilities, and ensure that children can enroll in school regardless of their ability to provide identification documents. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement government-funded social programs during the reporting, includingthe National School Feeding Program, the Remote Area Dweller Program, the Orphan Care Program, and the Needy Children and Needy Students programs. - - - Establish official government-run shelters to assist child victims, while ensuring that shelters have sufficient resources to attend to the care of older children. - - - Develop programs to fully address the scope of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and cattle herding. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and - - - Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (TECL), Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa (TECL II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf - - - - - Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/brazil - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Brazil made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published two updated versions of the national "Dirty List" containing information on employers that the Ministry of Economy had found to be using slave labor, including that of children. The Labor Prosecutor's Office, the Federal Highway Police, and the Brazilian Association for the Defense of Women, Children, and Youth signed an agreement to incorporate human trafficking issues in the Mapear Project, which maps points along Brazil's federal highways that are high risk for the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. Moreover, the National Commission for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor was re-established after its dismantlement in 2019, and the government approved a constitutional amendment to increase support for the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and the Appreciation of Teaching Professionals, with the aim of leveling the amount spent per student, per year, across the country. The government also secured a $1 billion loan for Bolsa Família to provide benefits to 3 million more participants, including 990,000 children. However, children in Brazil are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. Although Brazil made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, prohibitions against child trafficking require the use of threats, violence, coercion, fraud, or abuse to be established for the crime of child trafficking and, therefore, do not meet international labor standards. Furthermore, the reported number of labor inspectors is likely not sufficient to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, and local governments lack the capacity to fully implement and monitor the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor and other social protection programs. - - - Bananas - Yes - No - No - - - Beef - Yes - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Cashews - Yes - No - No - - - Cattle - Yes - Yes - No - - - Ceramics - Yes - No - No - - - Charcoal - Yes - Yes - No - - - Cocoa - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - Yes - No - - - Corn - Yes - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - - - Footwear - Yes - No - No - - - Garments - No - Yes - No - - - Hogs - Yes - No - No - - - Manioc/Cassava - Yes - No - No - - - Pineapples - Yes - No - No - - - Poultry - Yes - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - - - Sheep - Yes - No - No - - - Sisal - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - Yes - No - - - Timber - No - Yes - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.021 - 638943 - 0.565 - 0.082 - 0.352 - - - 5-14 - 0.98 - - - 7-14 - 0.024 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - 1759952 - 2084 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 166731 - Unknown - 279 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws do not require the use of threats, violence, coercion, fraud, or abuse to establish the crime of child trafficking. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Publish information regarding the number of labor inspections conducted, number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, number of child labor penalties, including penalties imposed and collected, number of criminal investigations conducted, and number of violations found. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure relevant enforcement agencies are able to coordinate on their efforts to collect data on cases regarding human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and ensure that the dataare disaggregated by victims’ ages. - - - Ensure that all violators of the worst forms of child labor violations are held accountable in accordance with the law. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the NationalPlan for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Adolescents and the National Plan to Combat Sexual Violence Against Children and Adolescents. - - - Provide adequate resources to ensure that the goals outlined in the National Education Plan are achieved. - - - - - Remove barriers to education, including by ensuring an adequate number of trained teachers, improving school infrastructure, and taking steps to enroll children in rural areas. - - - Expand the accessibility and speedy processing of birth registration services. - - - Support local governments in the implementation and monitoring of the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor. - - - Provide adequate resources to state governments to ensure that child trafficking victims receive appropriate social services, and ensure the availability of specialized shelters for child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america - - - Supporting the Achievement of a Child Labor-Free State in Bahia, Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Bahia_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking for Forced Labor in Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_ForcedLabor_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Brazil - Support for the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Forced Labor in Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_FL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Statistical Program for the Advocacy of the Elimination of Child Labor in Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Footwear Industry of Vale dos Sinos, Brazil - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment (COFFEE) Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project - - - CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Consolidating and Disseminating Efforts to Combat Forced Labor in Brazil and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/consolidating-and-disseminating-efforts-combat-forced-labor-brazil-and-peru-0 - - - - - British Virgin Islands - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/british-virgin-islands - Europe and Eurasia - No - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the British Virgin Islands, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The British Virgin Islands does not have a list of hazardous work prohibited for children and does not prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the minimum age for work is lower than the compulsory education age. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.796 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - - - Ratify international conventions on child labor. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. - - - Ensure that the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, is criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that all children can attend school by eliminating prohibitive school costs and violence in schools. - - - - - No - No - Yes - - - - Burkina Faso - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burkina-faso - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Burkina Faso made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. With the support of UNICEF programs, 1,993 children who were victims of child labor and its worst forms received care and services following their removal from work in artisanal gold mining. The government also created a National Coordination Committee to enact the 2019–2023 National Strategy to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor, and it continued to carry out a new National Survey on Child Labor. However, children in Burkina Faso are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in farming and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in artisanal gold mining. The Labor Code does not identify the activities in which children may engage in light work. The government also lacked resources for the enforcement of child labor laws and did not release information on its criminal and labor enforcement efforts. - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Gold - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Granite - Yes - No - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.357 - 849922 - 0.8 - 0.056 - 0.144 - - - 10-14 - Unavailable - - - 10-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.645 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 20 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 159 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - 1 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws determine the activities in which light work may be permitted. - - - - - Ensure that labor law enforcement receives sufficient human and financial resources to fulfill its mandates, including hiring enough labor inspectors to meet ILO recommendations, conducting an adequate number of inspections, and following up after preliminary inspections to ensure remediation of notices to comply with labor law obligations. - - - Publish statistics on labor law enforcement efforts, including the labor inspectorate's funding, number and type of labor inspections conducted, the number of child labor violations found, whether refresher courses are provided, the number of penalties imposed and collected, number of inspections conducted at worksites, and the number of targeted and routine inspections. - - - Establish and publish data on a mechanism to log all calls to the government child protection hotline and to track cases of child labor for referral to law enforcement or social services providers. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement authorities and frontline responders apply standard victim identification and referral procedures uniformly. - - - Publish statistics on criminal law enforcement efforts, including initial training, refresher courses, investigations undertaken, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed, and whether a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services. - - - Ensure a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services is operational. - - - Take active measures, including ensuring a mechanism is operational, to ensure that children are not inappropriately incarcerated, penalized, or physically harmed solely for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of their subjection to the worst forms of child labor, such as child soldiering. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken by the Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Social Security Directorate to Combat Child Labor and its Worst Forms, the Child Protection Networks, and Cooperation Agreements with other countries. - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resources, such as computers and electricity, to accomplish their mandates. - - - Enhance coordination and collaborative processes and procedures among ministries, law enforcement, and social services. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the 2019–2023 National Strategyto Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor (SN/PFTE) and the National Child Protection Strategy during the reporting period. - - - - - Establish a social program to ensure that IDP and other vulnerable children have access to education and and thus reduce their risk of exposure to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees and other costs, such as uniforms, by increasing the number of schools and teachers in rural areas, ensuring access to affordable transportation, as well as ending violence in schools. - - - Ensure that children are registered at birth and that IDPs have access to the requisite documentation to gain access to social services, including education. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement Ministry of Women, National Solidarity, and Family Projects to Combat Human Trafficking, and World Bank-Funded Projects. - - - Expand existing programs to fully address child labor in cotton production and gold mining. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Reducing Child Labor through Education and Service (R-CLES) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reducing-child-labor-through-education-and-service-r-cles - - - Training and Education Against Trafficking (TREAT) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/BurkinaFaso_TREAT_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - West Africa Regional Mining - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Burma - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burma - Indo-Pacific - No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2020, Burma is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite limited initiatives to address child labor, Burma is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated a practice of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. The military continued to work with international organizations to end recruitment of children for combat roles and implement a policy of releasing child soldiers. Despite this, the national military continued to force civilians, including the use of at least 700 children, to work in non-combat roles as porters, cleaners, cooks, and agricultural laborers in the conflict areas of Kachin, Rakhine, and Shan States during the reporting period. Otherwise, the government made efforts by ratifying ILO C.138, implementing the National Complaints Mechanism for Forced Labor, and approving the National Action Plan on Preventing Grievous Injuries and Sexual Abuse on Children in Armed Conflicts (2020–2021). Children in Burma are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in recruitment of children for use in armed conflict and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The vulnerability of Rohingya children to the worst forms of child labor remained high as many continued to be denied access to education and livelihoods through government restrictions on their movement. Penalties for recruitment and use of children by the military or for the military’s use of civilian populations for forced labor are not sufficient for the seriousness of the crime, and the government did not publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts to investigate, prosecute, and convict cases involving many of the worst forms of child labor. On February 1, 2021, the Burma military launched a coup and seized control of the state. The return of a military regime and the resulting instability may severely impact the ability of the Government of Burma to fully engage in combating the worst forms of child labor throughout the country. However, the findings in this report relate to the reporting period of January–December 2020 and do not cover the potential impacts of the military coup. - - - Bamboo - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Beans (green, soy, yellow) - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Garments - Yes - No - No - - - Jade - Yes - Yes - No - - - Palm Thatch - No - Yes - No - - - Rice - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Rubber - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Rubies - Yes - Yes - No - - - Sesame - No - Yes - No - - - Shrimp - No - Yes - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Sunflowers - No - Yes - No - - - Teak - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - 5-14 - 0.004 - 39370 - 0.577 - 0.112 - 0.313 - - - 5-14 - 0.953 - - - 7-14 - 0.001 - - - 0.954 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 10‡ - No - No - - - - Unknown - 180 - Yes - No - N/A - No - 1100 - 1100 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - 39 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Publish the implementing regulations for the Child Rights Law and release a comprehensive hazardous work list that includes types of hazardous work prohibited for children, including all sectors and activities in which children engage in hazardous work. - - - Finalize and implement the draft law on domestic work and the Occupational Safety and Health Bill. - - - Publish and implement the anti-trafficking in persons bill, and ensure that the law does not require a demonstration of force, fraud, or coercion to constitute a child trafficking offense. - - - Ensure that the law provides criminal penalties for the use, procuring, and offering of children under age 18 in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work, as established by international standards. - - - - - Ensure that the Factories and General Labor Laws Inspection Department's mandate allows for inspections to occur in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including agriculture, mining, and fishing. - - - Ensure that labor inspections occur outside of the main urban centers. - - - Ensure all labor inspectors receive training related to the enforcement of child labor laws. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement has sufficient resources to provide services to victims of the worst forms of child labor, including reintegration support at the Department of Rehabilitation and increasing the number of case managers at the Department of Social Welfare. - - - Ensure that prior notice of unannounced inspections is not given to factory owners, that inspectors conduct thorough inspections which include talking with workers, that inspections are provided in a timely manner, and that labor laws are consistently enforced when a violation is found. - - - Ensure that the Factories and General Labor Laws Inspection Department has sufficient funding to cover transportation costs to remote areas, equipment for labor inspector offices, including furniture, and for maintaining up-to-date data on the labor market. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Publish data related to labor law enforcement, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate. - - - Establish a permanent referral mechanism between the labor inspectorate and social services, and ensure that targeted routine inspections occur, and that initial and refresher training courses are offered for labor inspectors. - - - Continue to improve military oversight and monitoring of recruitment procedures to prevent the recruitment of children. - - - Ensure that the penalties for the recruitment and use of children in the military are appropriate for the seriousness of the crime. - - - Publish data related to criminal law enforcement, including the number of investigations conducted, the number of prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions. - - - Ensure that law enforcement officers, including non-specialized police units, receive training on how to pursue trafficking in persons cases to ease reliance on specialized police units, including the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Division. - - - Investigate and prosecute government and law enforcement officials alleged to have participated in, facilitated, or profited from human trafficking, including accepting bribes and pressuring victims not to seek legal redress against their perpetrators. - - - - - Ensure frequent and regular coordination, including communication, across all government ministries related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure the National Committee on Child Labor Eradication and the Township Committees of the Rights of the Child are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure Department of Rehabilitation and police officers are properly trained on the National Standard Operating Procedure on Return/Repatriation, Reintegration, and Rehabilitation guidelines so they can properly screen and identify victims of human trafficking. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as armed conflict by non-state armed groups, forced child labor, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Joint Action Plan with the UN to Prevent the Recruitment and Use of Children for Military Purposes, the Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan, the Myanmar Decent Work Country Program, and the Third 5-Year National Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons during the reporting period. - - - - - Cease the practice of using the "self-reliance" policy to compel forced labor of civilians, including children, by the national military. - - - Cease the practice of recruiting, including by force and coercion, children as front line combatants by the national military and non-state armed groups in conflict areas. - - - Publish the results from the 2019 survey data collected by the Ministry of Labor, Immigration, and Population, including information related to child labor. - - - Remove all restrictions on Rohingya access to education in Rakhine State, including a lack of schools, school closures in conflict areas, movement restrictions, and discriminatory policies and practices, including segregated schools. - - - Provide full legal status to the Rohingya, including children, to decrease their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor and allow them the ability to attend school. - - - Develop and implement education programs that reduce physical barriers for children who live long distances from schools, eliminate prohibitive expenses for attending school, and accommodate children who face language barriers, including those from ethnic communities. - - - Ensure that conditions are safe in Rakhine State for the voluntary return of Rohingya refugees, including children in Bangladesh. - - - Establish a system to allow for ILO follow-up on cases referred to the National Complaints Mechanism for Forced Labor, address the issue of decentralization of responsibility, and ensure that the government communicates important developments to all stakeholders in a timely fashion. - - - Develop and implement programs to address all worst forms of child labor, including forced child labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Provide sufficient resources to improve victim assistance and reintegration services to victims of forced labor. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the UNICEF and World Vision-operated hotlines for reporting suspected cases of child recruitment or use of children in armed conflict during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - My-PEC: Myanmar Program on the Elimination of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/my-pec-myanmar-program-elimination-child-labor-0 - - - - - Burundi - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burundi - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Burundi made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a new labor code that made important progress in bringing Burundi's legal framework in line with international standards, such as raising the minimum age for work to age 16 and the minimum age for light work to age 15. Law enforcement authorities also implemented stringent measures to monitor the travel of unaccompanied children and identify cases of child trafficking. Meanwhile, the government launched two new programs to improve counter-trafficking capacity in Burundi and provide work alternatives to youth vulnerable to exploitation. However, children in Burundi are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Burundi lacks a compulsory education age that is equal to the minimum age for work and the government failed to provide comprehensive criminal law enforcement data related to the worst forms of child labor. Other challenges remain, including a lack of resources to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations; a lack of well-trained educators and infrastructure in the education sector; and insufficient social programs to address child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.694 - - - 7-14 - 0.305 - - - 0.594 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 15‡ - No - No - - - - 2589 - 38 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 552 - 552 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that forced labor is criminally prohibited with possible penalties beyond fines. - - - Ensure that the use of children in illicit activities is criminally prohibited with possible penalties beyond fines. - - - Establish by law a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age for work. - - - Ensure that all children are protected from hazardous work activities, including in agriculture, which has hazardous conditions and in which child labor is known to occur. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Conduct targeted inspections in sectors and areas where child labor is known to be prevalent, including in agriculture and the informal sector. - - - Ensure the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections and that inspections cover all areas of the country. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Provide sufficient funding and resources to the Inspector General of Work and Social Security to cover needs such as fuel costs, per diem, office supplies, and vehicles. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts including whether initial training is provided to investigators, the number of investigations conducted, violations identified, prosecutions initiated, and convictions achieved related to the criminal enforcement of child labor laws. - - - Ensure that officials receive adequate training on laws pertaining to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies and agencies responsible for responding to human trafficking have the resources, guidance, and capacity necessary to investigate cases and provide services to victims. - - - Strengthen referral mechanisms between law enforcement agencies, social services, and civil society organizations to ensure that cases are properly investigated and that victims receive services. - - - - - Improve the capacity of the Multi-Sector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor to ensure coverage in areas outside of the capital city. - - - Ensure the viability of established coordinating mechanisms by dedicating regular funding for their operation. - - - Improve training and coordination among anti-trafficking in person stakeholders. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national child labor action plan or a national trafficking in persons action plan. - - - - - Collect and publish data on child labor prevalence across relevant sectors. - - - Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees; increasing the number of well-trained educators; expanding infrastructure to accommodate the needs of female and disabled students; and increasing birth registration rates for populations such as the Batwa ethnic group. - - - Institute and expand existing programs to address child labor, including in agriculture. - - - - - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Cabo Verde - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cabo-verde - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Cabo Verde made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Assembly approved a draft law on Crimes of Aggression and Sexual Abuse Against Children and Adolescents, which increases penalties for sexual assault, including in cases of commercial sexual exploitation, sexting, and child sex tourism. The Observatory for Monitoring and Rapid Identification of Situations of Trafficking in Persons also developed internal procedures and a list of priorities related to human trafficking, including child trafficking. Furthermore, the government extended compulsory, tuition-free education through the 12th grade. However, children in Cabo Verde are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Law enforcement officials often lack the necessary resources to conduct thorough investigations, and communication among enforcement agencies is limited. In addition, social programs to assist children involved in agriculture and domestic work are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem. - - - - 10-14 - 0.032 - 2392 - 0.792 - 0.072 - 0.137 - - - 5-14 - 0.901 - - - 10-14 - 0.017 - - - 0.873 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 21 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Unknown - 723 - 723 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - Yes - - - - - Prescribe by law the number of hours per week and conditions under which light work may be undertaken. - - - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive sufficient financial and human resources to enforce child labor laws on all islands, including in the informal sector. - - - Publish labor law enforcement data, including information on labor inspectorate funding, whether refresher courses are provided, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of penalties imposed and collected related to child labor. - - - Develop a system to compile and share comprehensive anti-trafficking in persons and victim identification data among criminal enforcement agencies to improve coordination efforts. - - - Make criminal law enforcement data publicly available, including information on training for new criminal investigators, whether refresher courses are provided, and the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that the judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to be prosecuted in a timely manner. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Action Plan for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor. - - - - - Ensure that special needs students and children in remote areas have equal access to education, including by providing adequate transportation. - - - Conduct awareness-raising activities on human trafficking, including child sex tourism, on all nine inhabited islands. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone - - - - - Cambodia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cambodia - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Cambodia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed new prakas—ministry-level regulations—creating an annual public service fee for enterprises in specific sectors that will pay for announced inspections by the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training in 2021. In an effort to address the rapid increase of cases related to the online sexual exploitation of children in the country, the Cambodian National Council for Children created a working group to strengthen local governance and provide parents information on how to monitor their child's online activity. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Cambodia is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued practices that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to take active measures to investigate, prosecute, convict, and sentence public officials who participate in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation of children and debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. In addition, judges were reported to have accepted bribes in return for dismissal of charges, acquittal, and reduced sentencing for individuals committing such crimes, especially for those with alleged ties to the government; this made children more vulnerable to child labor. Children in Cambodia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced labor in brickmaking. Insufficient resources hamper the labor inspectorate's capacity to enforce child labor laws, especially in rural areas where a majority of child laborers work. In addition, continuing challenges in accessing basic education and the absence of a compulsory education requirement increase children's vulnerability to involvement in the worst forms of child labor. - - - Alcoholic Beverages - Yes - No - No - - - Bovines - Yes - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - - - Manioc/Cassava - Yes - No - No - - - Meat - Yes - No - No - - - Rubber - Yes - No - No - - - Salt - Yes - No - No - - - Shrimp - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - Textiles - Yes - No - No - - - Timber - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.075 - 243371 - 0.768 - 0.055 - 0.178 - - - 5-14 - 0.876 - - - 7-14 - 0.063 - - - 0.91 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - - Unknown - 602 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 1309 - Unknown - 4 - 4 - 4 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - 21 - 31 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of formal employment relationships and child household workers employed by their relatives. - - - Criminally prohibit the offering and use of a child for pornographic performances. - - - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Institute a compulsory education age that is at least equal to the minimum age for work. - - - - - Build the capacity of labor law enforcement authorities to enforce child and forced labor regulations by providing more technical training opportunities on how to properly identify child labor during inspections, and offer sufficient resources to labor law authorities to ensure the enforcement of child labor laws through investigations and inspections, including unannounced inspections. - - - Fully implement prakas to allow the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training, the Ministry of Industry and Handicrafts, the Ministry of the Environment, and the Ministry of Tourism to conduct joint on-site inspections throughout the country and in all sectors in which child labor is found. - - - Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement are aware of their legal and investigative mandates related to combatingthe worst forms of child labor, especially at brick kilns,and cease providing brick kiln owners with advance notice of labor inspections. - - - Establish and uniformly administer penalties for violations of laws on child labor, including its worst forms, in accordance with the parameters prescribed by law. - - - Collect, properly store,and publicly release disaggregated data on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of inspections conducted at worksites, initial training for new criminal investigators, refresher courses, the number ofprosecutions initiated, the number of convictions, and the numberimposed penalties for violations relatedto the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that malfeasance is addressed in all law enforcement agencies, including not accepting bribes to influence the outcome of cases or forging identity documents for trafficking in persons purposes, providing tip off in advance of raids, and investigating and prosecuting politically connected individuals and government officials who are complicit in facilitating and profiting from the worst forms of child labor, including debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. - - - Ensure that all criminal law enforcement officials are sufficiently trained on the techniques of how to conduct anti-trafficking work, particularly those located in rural areas. - - - Ensure that funding for criminal law enforcement agencies is sufficient to cover all expenses, including transportation costs, for law enforcement officials. - - - Addressthe issue of government intimidation of trafficking in persons victims by issuing formal identification documents to victims, andproviding them access to protection services. - - - Ensure that all trafficking in persons cases are brought to court, and judicial officials cease accepting bribes for dismissal of charges, acquittal, and reduced sentencing, especially for perpetrators with ties to government officials. - - - Address the misuse of resources by law enforcement to convict defendants for politically motivated reasons, and ensure that all individuals accused of commercial sexual exploitation of children are prosecuted and charged according to the law. - - - Fully implement the "Child Friendly Court" program. - - - Ensure law enforcement officials have sufficient financial and human resources, and guidance to effectively oversee the "judicial supervision" program to ensure defendants return to participate in their criminal trials. - - - Draft standard operating procedures for calculating victim restitution and eliminate the legal requirement that delays payment to victims until the completion of the perpetrator's jail term. - - - - - Ensure that the Commune Committees for Women and Childrenis able to carry out its intended mandate. - - - Increase funding for Commune Committees for Women and Children. - - - Ensure that annual reports produced by the National Committee for Counter Trafficking are comprehensive. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement thePolicy on Childhood Development and Protection in the Agricultural Sector, the National Social Protection Policy Framework, and the National Social Protection Strategy during the reporting period. - - - - - Release the 2019 child labor survey and make the data publicly available. - - - Ensure that Residential Care Facilities and orphanages protect the health and well-being of children living in them. - - - Increase access to free basic education by eliminating unofficial school-related fees and addressing issues related to limited transportation and inadequate school infrastructure, including the number of teachers, and the need for a birth certificate to enroll in school. - - - Establish a system to accurately capture and monitor the reintegration of victims of the worst forms of child labor, including human trafficking. - - - Expand social protection safety nets in rural areas to ensure that poor children and their families have access to services that may mitigate the risk of involvement in child labor. - - - Provide sufficientresources to all social programs so that they can fully address the extent of child labor in Cambodia, including online sexual exploitation of children. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Cambodians EXCEL: Eliminating eXploitative Child Labor through Education and Livelihoods - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cambodians-excel-eliminating-exploitative-child-labor-through-education-and - - - To Contribute to Developing National Capacities to Achieve the 2015 National Child Labor Reduction Targets and the ILO Global Targets for Ending the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Cambodia by 2016 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Children's Empowerment through Education Services (CHES): Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Cambodia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_CHES_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Reintegration of Trafficked Women - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TraffickedWomen_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Support to the Cambodian National Plan of Action on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor: A Time-Bound Approach - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Options: Combating Child Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation Through Education - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_OPTIONS_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Hazardous Work in Salt Production, Rubber Plantations and Fish/Shrimp Processing Sectors in Cambodia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_HazardousSectors_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Other: External Audits of USDOL Funded Projects - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_RoundV_IPEC_FY08_0.pdf - - - - - Cameroon - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cameroon - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Cameroon made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government ratified the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. Cameroonian police also arrested members of an international trafficking network that operated in Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Chad. In addition, the Forever Chocolate program, which provides school kits and livelihood support to families as a means to combat child labor in the production of cocoa, was expanded to Nkondjock, Sangmelima, Mbalmayo, and Ayos. However, children in Cameroon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in cocoa production. In addition, the government has not prohibited the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, and it has not prohibited the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. Furthermore, labor inspectors do not regularly conduct inspections in the informal sector, in which the majority of child labor occurs. - - - Cocoa - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.8 - - - 7-14 - 0.424 - - - 0.655 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 12‡ - No - No - - - - Unknown - 300 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Unknown - 3591 - 3591 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion to be considered child trafficking, and that all children under age 18 are protected. - - - Criminally prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish a minimum age for compulsory education that is consistent with the minimum age for admission to work. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include work at dangerous heights. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Collect and publish comprehensive statistics on enforcement efforts including labor inspectorate funding, number of child labor violations found, the number of criminal labor law violations found, the number of investigations, the number of prosecutions, and the number of convictions. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate and criminal law enforcement agencies receive an adequate amount of funding, training, and resources with which to conduct inspections and investigations. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by conducting inspections in all sectors, including the informal sector. - - - Ensure that all hotlines for reporting the worst forms of child labor are well publicized and operational, and that all calls are logged so that cases of child labor may be tracked for referral to law enforcement or social services providers. - - - Raise awareness of child trafficking issues to encourage citizens to report offenses to enforcement agencies, and ensure that such cases are resolved within the judicial system. - - - - - Ensure that existing coordinating mechanisms function effectively and receive sufficient resources to carry out their stated mandates. - - - Ensure that all of the Community Coordination Teams are active and undertaking activities in support of their missions. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and the Inter-Ministerial Committee’s National Gender Policy Document. - - - Ensure all actions plans are active and being implemented according to their mandate. - - - - - Ensure that the number of schools, teachers, potable water, and sanitation facilities are adequate throughout the country. - - - Ensure that social programs to address child labor are implemented in accordance with their mandates. - - - Make additional efforts to provide all children with birth documentation. - - - Ensure that all children, regardless of refugee status, have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, and minimizing the disruption of the classroom. Ensure that schools are free from violence and not re-appropriated for other purposes. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem in Cameroon, and institute programs to address child labor in agriculture, mining, quarrying, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that all government-run centers have sufficient space to accommodate victims of child trafficking and children engaged in street work and domestic work. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Central African Republic - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/central-african-republic - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, the Central African Republic made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In addition to publishing data on labor inspections, child labor violations, and funding, the Central African Republic's Ministry of Labor doubled the size of its labor inspectorate in 2020. The government also began to implement an expansive child protection code, and expanded mechanisms to coordinate anti-trafficking and other child protection efforts. However, children in the Central African Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including recruitment and use in armed conflict by non-state armed groups and in diamond mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture and domestic work. Additionally, the Central African Republic does not meet the international standard for minimum age protections since it does not include children working in the informal sector. Moreover, an estimated 1.3 million children lacked access to education because of ongoing instability. - - - Diamonds - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.31 - 373742 - - - 5-14 - 0.631 - - - 7-14 - 0.28 - - - 0.409 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 254545 - 145 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 130 - 90 - 15 - 0 - N/A - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws establishing the compulsory education age are publicly available. - - - Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of formal employment relationships. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, and ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that enforcement agencies have sufficient staff, resources and training to enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Initiate targeted inspections based on available child labor prevalence data, and expand inspections to include the informal sector. - - - Ensure that the complaint mechanism for filing and responding to reports of child labor functions in accordance with its mandate, as required by ILO C. 182, and that penalties are imposed for child labor violations. - - - Ensure that regional labor inspection offices are under the supervision and control of a central authority, and that regional inspectors are able to conduct inspections outside of Bangui, where many mining operations take place. - - - Report criminal law enforcement data, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. - - - Ensure that courts and security services are sufficiently funded, that security forces are sufficiently trained, and that citizens can report violations and access formal judicial processes throughout the country. - - - Ensure that children are not imprisoned for their association with armed groups, are not kept in detention centers with adults, and are granted access to social services providers and humanitarian assistance when released from armed groups. - - - Ensure nonstate armed groups who are signatories to UN Action Plan to End Grave Violations Against Children uphold their commitments to these plans, including ceasing the recruitment and use of children. - - - Ensure that referral mechanisms for children found in child labor situations are well-funded and fully operational. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor, including in mining, and ensure that existing coordination mechanisms are active. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Strategy for the Education Sector. - - - - - Ensure that social programs to address the worst forms of child labor are funded and implemented in accordance with their mandates. - - - Conduct a nationwide child labor prevalence survey to inform policies, programs, and enforcement actions. - - - Improve access to education for all children, including in rural areas, regardless of IDP status or religious affiliation, by eliminating school-related fees, making additional efforts to provide all children with birth registration, ensuring that ethnic and religious minorities are not denied access to education, establishing an adequate number of teachers and classrooms throughout the country, and ensuring that schools are safe spaces and free from armed groups. - - - Expand programs to assist former child combatants and children associated with armed groups, support their reintegration into society, and improve coordination among relevant actors, while ensuring children are not inadvertently subjected to child labor under Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration programs, - - - Allocate sufficient resources and implement programs to address the worst forms of child labor throughout the country. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Chad - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/chad - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Chad made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Chad adopted a law extending fundamental protections to Chad's refugees and asylum seekers, including the right to access healthcare and education. The government also adopted Ordinance No. 002-PR-2020, which organizes a biometric population registry for births, marriages, and divorces. Lastly, Chad hosted a national workshop to develop a 2021–2026 nationwide school feeding program action plan. However, children in Chad are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in cattle herding and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. In addition, the government did not provide clear data on law enforcement efforts and has no active policies to address child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.495 - - - 7-14 - 0.284 - - - 0.406 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 36 - No - No - No - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws specifically prohibit children from being used, offered, or procured for illicit activities. - - - Ratify pending legislation enhancing protections for human trafficking victims and children working in the informal sector, including the Child Protection Code, the Family Code, and amendments to the Labor Code. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that the roles of enforcement agencies are well-known and understood by the public. - - - Ensure that law enforcement agencies receive sufficient resources, including training, to carry out their mandate. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties, and by providing inspectors with sufficient resources, including training, to conduct inspections in both the formal and informal sectors. - - - Collect, store, and publish data on law enforcement efforts in a central database, including information about labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of inspections conducted, whether violations were found, penalties imposed and fees collected, and the number of criminal investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies are sufficiently funded, law enforcement officers are trained, and existing penalties are enforced according to the law. - - - Ensure a sufficient number of service providers are available for child victims so victims are not housed with their traffickers. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating committees receive adequate resources to carry out their mandates. - - - - - Adopt a policy to combat all relevant worst forms of child labor in Chad and ensure that existing policies are implemented. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related fees; ensure that schools are safe; and increase the number of schools, grade levels, classrooms, and teachers available throughout the country, including for children in refugee camps. - - - Ensure that all children are issued birth certificates, which may be required for school enrollment. - - - Ensure that existing programs receive adequate funding to support victims of child labor throughout the country, and that programs are implemented as intended. - - - Establish or expand programs to provide services to children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, such as the use of forced child labor in herding cattle, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Chile - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/chile - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Chile made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published Law 21.271, which amended the Labor Code to require that a new list of hazardous activities and occupations for children and adolescents be published by the government, and ratified the International Labor Organization's 2014 Forced Labor Protocol. In addition, the National Prosecutor's Office organized multiple trainings for prosecutors and public health officials related to the protection of rights of child victims of sexual exploitation. The government also established the Tacna-Arica Bi-regional Roundtable to coordinate efforts between the Governments of Chile and Peru to prevent and eradicate child labor in the border area. Under the National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers, the government held conferences, virtual seminars, trainings, and lectures dedicated to fighting child labor. Finally, the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare published the results of the Child Labor Vulnerability Index, which was designed to measure child labor vulnerability across Chile's 16 regions. However, children in Chile are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also subjected to involvement in the production and trafficking of drugs. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, existing prohibitions related to forced labor do not meet international standards because forced labor is criminally prohibited only when it results from human trafficking. Furthermore, prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards. - - - - 5-14 - 0.038 - 94025 - 0.293 - 0.103 - 0.604 - - - 5-14 - 0.995 - - - 7-14 - 0.045 - - - 0.962 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18‡ - No - Yes - - - - 108695 - 467 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 66989 - Unknown - 66 - 66 - 66 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 18 - 10 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Criminally prohibit forced labor. - - - Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that inspectors have sufficient transportation resources, such as vehicles, to carry out their duties. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Publish information on the number of inspections conducted at work sites during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that penalties for promoting or facilitating the commercial sexual exploitation of children are commensurate with those for other serious crimes, and that judges do not suspend or commute such sentences. - - - Publish information on the number of investigations and criminal violations found related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that there are adequate shelters available for child victims of trafficking in persons. - - - - - Publish information on activities undertaken to implement the National Plan of Action for Children and Adolescents during the reporting period. - - - - - Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children working in forestry, hunting, and fishing to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that educational barriers, such as the lack of transportation to school in rural areas and discrimination of migrant children in educational settings, are addressed to prevent child labor. - - - Ensure that programs established to address child labor are properly funded, active, and activities are published. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf - - - - - China - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/china - - - Artificial Flowers - No - Yes - No - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Christmas Decorations - No - Yes - No - - - Coal - No - Yes - No - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Electronics - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Fireworks - Yes - Yes - No - - - Fish - No - Yes - No - - - Footwear - No - Yes - No - - - Garments - No - Yes - No - - - Gloves - No - Yes - No - - - Hair Products - No - Yes - No - - - Nails - No - Yes - No - - - Polysilicon - No - Yes - No - - - Textiles - Yes - Yes - No - - - Thread/Yarn - No - Yes - No - - - Tomato Products - No - Yes - No - - - Toys - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Christmas Island - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/christmas-island - Indo-Pacific - - No Assessment - For the 2020 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Christmas Island's efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the territory has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. Nevertheless, in 2020, the Government of Western Australia assented to the Work Health and Safety Act 2020, which will strengthen laws and regulations related to occupational safety and health on Christmas Island, including prohibitions on hazardous child labor. In addition, the Government of Australia adopted a new National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery 2020–2025. - - - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17.5 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17.5 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - NA - Yes - Yes - - - - Cocos (Keeling) Islands - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cocos-(keeling)-islands - Indo-Pacific - - No Assessment - For the 2020 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding the Cocos (Keeling) Islands' efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the territory has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. Nevertheless, in 2020, the Government of Western Australia assented to the Work Health and Safety Act 2020, which will strengthen laws and regulations related to occupational safety and health in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, including prohibitions on hazardous child labor. In addition, the Government of Australia adopted a new National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery 2020–2025. - - - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17.5 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17.5 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - NA - Yes - Yes - - - - Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/colombia - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2020, Colombia made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In early 2021, the government issued a decree that granted a 10-year Temporary Protective Status to the 1.7 million Venezuelans living in Colombia, providing them access to formal work, healthcare, and education for children. The Ministry of Labor conducted trainings for new and veteran inspectors and the Colombian Institute for Family Well-Being coordinated the "Pact for Growth and Employment Generation in Agro-Industrial Sugarcane," a public-private roundtable that addresses the protection of child rights, including preventing child labor. The Inter-Agency Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons also completed its evaluation of the 2018 national action plan and launched the new National Strategy for the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons (2020–2024). Furthermore, the government launched a new program, "Generacion Sacúdete," which worked with 28,096 children and adolescents in 898 municipalities across 31 departments to help develop life goals. However, children in Colombia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government does not employ a sufficient number of labor inspectors. Research also indicates that existing social programs are insufficient to address the scope of the worst forms of child labor in Colombia. - - - Bricks (clay) - Yes - No - No - - - Coal - Yes - No - No - - - Coca (stimulant plant) - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Emeralds - Yes - No - No - - - Fruit (Pome and Stone) - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Grapes - Yes - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.025 - 210431 - 0.473 - 0.167 - 0.36 - - - 5-14 - 0.937 - - - 7-14 - 0.025 - - - 1.068 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 875000 - 845 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - N/A - Yes - 2568 - 2124 - 71 - 229 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age at which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that all labor inspectors have sufficient resources, especially in rural areas, to perform inspections. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of inspections conducted, child labor violations found, penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, and whether routine inspections were conducted. - - - Publish information on whether new criminal investigators receive initial training. - - - Collect and publish data on penalties and sentencing for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that government efforts on human trafficking victim identification and assistance are adequately coordinated among agencies. - - - - - Expand efforts to improve access to education for all children, including by improving transportation infrastructure, building more schools in rural areas, and by increasing the number of teachers. - - - Expand social programs to sufficiently address the scope of the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment (COFFEE) Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project - - - CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf - - - Equal Access to Quality Jobs for Women and Girls in Agriculture (EQUAL) in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/equal-access-quality-jobs-women-and-girls-agriculture-equal-colombia - - - Pilares: Building the Capacity of Civil Society to Combat Child Labor and Improve Working Conditions in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/pilares-building-capacity-civil-society-combat-child-labor-and-improve-working - - - Colombia Avanza - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/colombia-avanza - - - Somos Tesoro (We Are a Treasure): Project to Reduce Child Labor in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/somos-tesoro-we-are-treasure-project-reduce-child-labor-colombia - - - Promoting Compliance with International Labor Standards - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-compliance-international-labor-standards - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Exploitative Child Labor Through Education in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Small-Scale Mining in Colombia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Palma Futuro: Preventing and Reducing Child Labor and Forced Labor in Palm Oil Supply Chains - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/palma-futuro-preventing-and-reducing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-palm-oil-supply - - - - - Comoros - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/comoros - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Comoros made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a new penal code that criminalizes child trafficking, forced labor, and hazardous child labor. It also raised its compulsory education age to 16, in line with international standards. In addition, Comoros reactivated its anti-trafficking task force and developed a new anti-trafficking action plan. However, children in Comoros are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in agriculture. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Limited resources for the enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor. Furthermore, labor and criminal investigators lack the resources and funds necessary to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and Comoros lacks a national action plan to combat child labor. Finally, social programs to combat child labor may be insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. - - - - 5-14 - 0.23 - 42145 - - - 5-14 - 0.815 - - - 7-14 - 0.208 - - - 0.767 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 0 - 3 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 80 - 80 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - No - No - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions set 13 as the minimum age, prescribe the number of hours per week that light work may be undertaken, and specify the conditions under which light work may be conducted, as defined by international standards on child labor. - - - Establish by law the right to free basic education. - - - Ensure that the law’s minimum age for work provisions and protections apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. - - - Align child sex trafficking laws with international standards by ensuring that force, fraud, or coercion are not required elements in child trafficking cases. - - - - - Provide the labor inspectorate with an operating budget for resources, training, transportation, and equipment to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate uses its authority to conduct unannounced inspections rather than relying solely on complaints received to initiate inspections. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate fulfills its mandate to collect and publish data and statistics related to inspection efforts. - - - Establish and use a functioning reciprocal mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services. - - - Publish information on the number of criminal law investigations, violations found, penalties assessed, prosecutions initiated, and convictions related to cases of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase number of trained criminal law enforcement personnel and trainings, as well as the allocation of resources, transportation, and equipment, to enhance criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient funds and resources to investigate crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating mechanisms are active and receive adequate funding to fulfill their missions. - - - - - Ensure that relevant policies are implemented, address child labor-related mandates, and report on yearly activities. - - - Adopt a new National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor and develop other relevant policies to combat the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, including for girls and poor children, by increasing school capacity, infrastructure, and teacher availability, and by addressing school violence. - - - Collect and publish data on the prevalence of child labor and the types of work children perform in Comoros. - - - Ensure that social program personnel, such as those in the Services d'Ecoute, have adequate and relevant training to be able to appropriately respond to the needs of child victims, including those abused by religious leaders. - - - Implement and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in agriculture and domestic work. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - - - Congo, Democratic Republic of the - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-democratic-republic-of-the - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, the Democratic Republic of the Congo made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The national anti-trafficking coordinating body successfully prosecuted several cases of forced child labor, human trafficking, and commercial sexual exploitation. The Ministry of Defense also issued a zero-tolerance policy for child recruitment, and the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo identified and began prosecuting an army officer responsible for operating a child trafficking ring. Moreover, the government's universal primary education decree continued to reduce the number of children vulnerable to labor exploitation and the government task force on the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, in conjunction with the Ministry of Employment, Labor, and Social Welfare, published a manual to address child labor in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's agricultural sector. However, children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the forced mining of gold, tin ore (cassiterite), tantalum ore (coltan), and tungsten ore (wolframite), and are used in armed conflict, sometimes as a result of forcible recruitment or abduction by non-state armed groups. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it did not publish labor or criminal law enforcement data. The government also failed to take active measures to ensure that children are not inappropriately incarcerated, penalized, or physically harmed solely for unlawful acts as a direct result of being a victim of the worst forms of child labor. Other gaps remain, including a lack of trained enforcement personnel, limited financial resources, and poor coordination of government efforts to combat child labor. - - - Cobalt ore (heterogenite) - Yes - No - No - - - Copper - Yes - No - No - - - Diamonds - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Tantalum ore (coltan) - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Tin ore (cassiterite) - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Tungsten ore (wolframite) - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.688 - - - 7-14 - 0.163 - - - 0.699 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 12‡ - No - No - - - - Unknown - 172 - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - No - 175 - 175 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - No - Unknown - Unknown - 13 - 1 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Establish by law a compulsory education age that aligns with the minimum age for employment. - - - - - Issue appropriate decrees to ensure that enacted laws are implemented, including those related to light work provisions. - - - Increase penalties for the worst forms of child labor so that they are sufficiently stringent to serve as a deterrent. - - - Collect and publish complete data on labor enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, whether initial training and training on new laws were provided and the number of violations found, penalties imposed, and fines collected. - - - Fully fund civil and criminal enforcement agencies responsible for conducting inspections or investigations, and ensure that labor inspectors are able to conduct worksite inspections throughout the country. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice and ensure that inspectors and criminal law enforcement agencies receive adequate training and funding to carry out their duties, including refresher courses as appropriate. - - - Collect and publish complete data related to criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted and violations found related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Hold perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. - - - Ensure that both the military and civilian criminal justice systems have the resources to investigate and prosecute child labor violations, and that judges, prosecutors, and investigators receive training on new and existing laws on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Improve coordination among relevant criminal enforcement agencies in conducting investigations, collecting data, and providing services to victims. - - - Cease the practice of subjecting children to physical violence and detention for their alleged association with armed groups. - - - Ensure that security forces do not subject children to human rights violations, including extortion and physical abuse, in artisanal small-scale mining operations. - - - - - Improve coordination among relevant ministries and agencies to avoid duplication of efforts and ensure that they receive adequate resources and trained personnel to combat the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. - - - Ensure that the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration, and Resettlement Commission is able to coordinate the implementation of this program as intended. - - - - - Ensure all relevant policies, national action plans, and sectoral strategies to address the worst forms of child labor are adopted, funded, and implemented as intended. - - - - - Conduct a stand-alone child labor survey to better inform child labor policies and practices. - - - Improve access to education by ensuring that all children are registered at birth or are issued identification documents. - - - Improve access to education for all children by regulating classroom size, training additional teachers, subsidizing fees, and building additional schools. Take steps to ensure student safety while at school and while students are in transit both to and from school facilities. Make additional efforts to prevent schools from being attacked and occupied by armed groups. - - - Expand efforts to address the needs of demobilized children and incorporate stigmatization, gender, and re-recruitment concerns into programs to reintegrate such children. - - - Establish or expand social programs designed to assist children engaged in forced labor in agriculture, street work, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation, and implement existing programs as intended. - - - - - - - - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combatting Child Labor in the Congo, Democratic Republic of the (DRC) ’s Cobalt Industry (COTECCO) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combatting-child-labor-democratic-republic-congos-cobalt-industry-cotecco - - - Reducing the Exploitation of Working Children Through Education - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DRC_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supply Chains Tracing Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supply-chains-tracing-project - - - - - Congo, Republic of the - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-republic-of-the - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, the Republic of the Congo made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government carried out prosecutions and achieved convictions of seven child traffickers and implemented standalone human trafficking legislation that defines the crime and provides for more stringent sentences. It also concluded a verbal agreement with the Democratic Republic of the Congo that prevents minors from entering the neighboring country without their parents or parental consent to help stop child trafficking between the two countries. However, children in the Republic of the Congo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government has yet to accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons and existing programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor in all relevant sectors. In addition, information on children's work is extremely limited, as there has never been a national child labor survey or similar research conducted in the country. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.929 - - - 7-14 - 0.271 - - - 0.716 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 248 - Yes - No - No - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - No - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for voluntary state military recruitment is no lower than age 16. - - - - - Ensure that the government has a formal process for referring children to the appropriate social services when they are found in situations of child labor. - - - Publish information related to labor and criminal law enforcement statistics, including the funding level for the labor inspectorate, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, number of criminal investigations conducted, and convictions secured. - - - Ensure that all criminal law enforcement personnel, including from the police forces, courts and the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, are properly trained to know how to identify, recognize, prosecute, and handle worst forms of child labor cases. - - - Institutionalize training for all labor inspectors, investigators, and law enforcement officers, including offering periodic refresher courses. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring that inspectors have adequate resources to carry out their mandated inspection duties. - - - Ensure that penalties for the worst forms of child labor are commensurate with penalties for other serious crimes. - - - Remove barriers to enforcement and prosecution by strengthening the judicial system through improved recordkeeping, decreased court backlogs, more frequent hearings, and improved training for criminal law enforcement officials and judges on trafficking in persons legislation. - - - Expand criminal enforcement efforts beyond large cities. - - - Ensure that criminal enforcement agencies such as the National Police are properly funded and do not seek payment from stakeholders to conduct investigations and operations. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resources to function as intended. - - - Establish a coordinating mechanism to combat child labor, including its worst forms, at the national level. - - - Ensure that Ministry of Social Affairs, Humanitarian Action and Solidarity funds to combat human trafficking are regularly dispersed. - - - - - Adopt a plan that addresses all relevant forms of trafficking in persons. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into existing relevant policies. - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor and the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Conduct a national child labor survey or similar research to determine the activities carried out by working children to inform policies and programs. - - - Improve access to education for all children, including those in non-urban areas, regardless of refugee status or ethnicity, by eliminating all school-related fees, regulating classroom size, removing linguistic barriers, providing sanitation facilities, building additional schools, training additional teachers, and ensuring that students are not subject to sexual abuse. - - - Fund and implement social programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including programs to expand access to free education, and to address child domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure indigenous children do not experience discrimination or barriers to education. - - - Ensure that the "tuition waiver program" for indigenous children is consistently applied. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Cook Islands - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cook-islands - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Cook Islands, in 2020 the government made moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Cook Islands increased its labor inspectorate budget and, for the first time, published labor law enforcement data. In addition, the first Cook Islands Labor Force Survey was completed in November 2020, providing essential data for the government's efforts to bring its laws into line with international standards. Although the Cook Islands made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, the law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - - 1.202 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Cook Islands National Youth Policy. - - - - - NA - Yes - NA - - - - Costa Rica - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/costa-rica - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2020, Costa Rica made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In November, the government ratified the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention of 1930. The government also provided updated statistics on child labor prevalence and published the first findings of its Child Labor Risk Identification Model. In addition, the Attorney General published disaggregated data on efforts to combat the worst forms of child labor, and the Office for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of the Adolescent Worker began drafting a new National Action Plan to combat the worst forms of child labor. However, children in Costa Rica are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. Furthermore, existing social programs are not accessible to workers in all sectors, and the labor inspectorate lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.065 - 46509 - - - 5-14 - 0.984 - - - 7-14 - 0.07 - - - 1.027 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17‡ - No - Yes - - - - 8300000 - 123 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 6424 - Unknown - 10 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 31 - 12 - 4 - 2 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to be commensurate with the compulsory age for education. - - - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Publish information on the number of inspections conducted at worksites, and of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Allocate sufficient resources to ensure regular labor inspections in rural areas and the informal sector, including child labor inspections, particularly in agriculture. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that the judiciary, prosecutors, municipal authorities, and the police have sufficient staff, training, and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict perpetrators of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children, and identify victims of child trafficking and refer them to appropriate social services. - - - Develop a mechanism to properly track human trafficking cases to improve enforcement and prevention efforts. - - - - - Strengthen coordination and information sharing between institutions responsible for investigating child labor and providing social services to victims. - - - Increase transportation and human resources for the Office for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of the Adolescent Worker so that the office can improve program oversight. - - - - - Adopt and implement a new roadmap to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children in rural areas, girls, LGBTI youth, children from indigenous and Afro-descendant communities, and migrant children. - - - Improve access to social services, particularly for migrant, Ngäbe Buglé indigenous children in coffee-growing areas. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network (GAN) National Networks - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Youth Pathways to Leadership, Learning, and Livelihoods in Costa Rica - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-leadership-learning-and-livelihoods-costa-rica - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 - - - - - Côte d'Ivoire - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cote-d'ivoire - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Côte d'Ivoire made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government rescued 138 children from suspected traffickers, the Ministry of Women, Family, and Children created a team of social workers to identify victims of child labor, and the Ministry of Security and Interior created new units to investigate cases of child labor and human trafficking. In addition, as part of its COVID-19 pandemic response, the government established a fund for low-income families known to be vulnerable to child labor. Children in Côte d'Ivoire are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the harvesting of cocoa and coffee, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it did not impose penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties, and a lack of financial resources and personnel may have hindered labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Cocoa - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Coffee - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.701 - - - 7-14 - 0.218 - - - 0.788 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 300169 - 281 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 1659 - 1659 - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 500 - 298 - 298 - Unknown - Yes - 0 - - - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate to authorize and assess penalties. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor violations found and whether penalties were imposed or collected. - - - Ensure that labor inspectorates and criminal law enforcement agencies receive a sufficient amount of funding to conduct inspections and investigations throughout the country, including in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive the resources, personnel, and training needed to adequately enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of convictions and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and are able to carry out their mandates. - - - - - Ensure that the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking, Exploitation, and Child Labor is fully funded and all funds are disbursed. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into all relevant policies. - - - - - Improve access to education by eliminating all school-related fees; improving the accessibility of schools; ensuring that schools are free of physical and sexual abuse; and increasing the number of teachers, sanitation facilities, and schools, particularly in rural areas. Ensure that all children have access to birth registration and identity documents. - - - Ensure that social programs to address child labor are active and report activities. - - - Expand existing programs and institute new ones aimed at addressing the full scope of the child labor problem in Côte d'Ivoire. - - - Ensure that victims of the worst forms of child labor are able to access social services throughout the country. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient classrooms available for all students enrolled. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional - - - West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Cooperatives Addressing Child Labor Accountability Outcomes (CACAO) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cacao-cooperatives-addressing-child-labor-accountability-outcomes - - - Eliminating Child Labor in Cocoa (ECLIC) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labor-cocoa-eclic-0 - - - Survey Research on Child Labor in West African Cocoa Growing Areas - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/survey-research-child-labor-west-african-cocoa-growing-areas - - - Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking-adults-and-children-ghana - - - Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/assessing-progress-reducing-child-labor-cocoa-growing-areas-cote-divoire-and-ghana - - - Towards Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing Communities - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labor-free-cocoa-growing-communities - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional - - - - - Djibouti - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/djibouti - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Djibouti made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor unveiled a national labor inspection strategy, and for the first time, the labor inspectorate targeted sectors and geographical areas where children are at risk of child labor, including its worst forms. The Ministry of Education and Professional Training also maintained continuity of education for Djibouti's most vulnerable children, including refugees, following nationwide school closures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. However, children in Djibouti are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in street work. Minimum age provisions apply only to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards. Law enforcement efforts are also inadequate to prevent and combat child labor, in part because labor inspectors lack the authority to assess penalties. In addition, the government did not make adequate efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due to lack of financial and human resource allocations and reporting mechanisms. - - - - 5-14 - 0.123 - 23693 - - - 5-14 - 0.674 - - - 7-14 - 0.102 - - - 0.63 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 22 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 30 - 5 - 6 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - 30 - 2 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that all children are afforded minimum age for work protections under the law, including children working outside formal employment relationships. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in prostitution and the procuring or offering of a child for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive. - - - - - Ensure that all regions are targeted for labor inspections, that the labor inspectorate has the necessary equipment for regional inspection coverage, and that labor inspections are conducted routinely. - - - Employ inspectors or controllers dedicated to child labor law enforcement, and ensure that inspections target the informal sector, in which the majority of child labor occurs. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by allowing inspectors to assess penalties. - - - Ensure that a labor complaint mechanism exists, and that it is effective and transparent. - - - Ensure that a criminal referral mechanism exists for all forms of child labor and that it is efficient and transparent. - - - Provide the necessary resources, including training, for the Djibouti National Police to make viable referrals for the prosecution of child labor-related violations. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor and ensure existing mechanisms function as mandated. - - - - - Take concrete steps to combat child trafficking by implementing the National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Implement existing policies to address all forms child labor, including street and domestic work. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children in rural areas, including girls, by removing school-related expenses. - - - Ensure that all children, including refugees and asylum seekers, have access to education by removing requirements for national birth certificates or UNHCR refugee documentation to attend school. - - - Implement programs to specifically address children involved in domestic work, street work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Dominica - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/dominica - Latin America and the Caribbean - - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Dominica, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. Dominica's legal framework does not protect children from exploitative work outside of the school year, and the government has not determined the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. The country also lacks prohibitions against the use of children in pornography, or pornographic performances, and the use of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. During the reporting period, the government did not respond to requests for information related to its efforts to address child labor. - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - - - - - Define the conditions, activities, and number of hours permissible for light work. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18 for all children. - - - Determine and codify the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Criminally prohibit forced labor. - - - Criminally prohibit domestic child trafficking. - - - Enact legislation to specifically prohibit using, procuring, or offering a child for the production of pornography or pornographic performances. - - - Prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including members of the Kalinago community who are vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor, by ensuring access to secondary education within the Kalinago territory. - - - Adopt a national policy to improve Dominica's child justice framework as recommended by the National Child Protection Action Plan published in 2018 by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States and UNICEF. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - NA - NA - - - - Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/dominican-republic - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, the Dominican Republic made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established the Oportunidad 14–24 program, with the aim of reintegrating high-risk and socially vulnerable adolescents and young people into technical or vocational education and training programs. The Ministry of Labor also identified 266 children and adolescents through labor inspections in rural and urban areas, and removed them from child labor. However, children in the Dominican Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Other gaps remain, including limited human and financial resources for the enforcement of child labor laws. Labor inspectors also lack the authority to assess penalties for violations related to child labor. - - - Baked Goods - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - Yes - No - - - Tomatoes - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.01 - 17999 - 0.081 - 0.176 - 0.743 - - - 5-14 - 0.958 - - - 7-14 - 0.011 - - - 0.933 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes* - 18 - No - Yes* - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 14‡ - No - Yes - - - - $3.9 million - 215 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 41953 - 41953 - 15 - 15 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits forced labor. - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion as elements of the crime. - - - Ensure that the procurement of children for commercial sexual exploitation is criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, especially in remote rural areas. - - - Determine whether the inspection ratio for each labor inspector is appropriate to ensure the quality and scope of inspections. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Improve case tracking so that labor inspectors are able to promptly follow up on violation remediation to improve enforcement of laws prohibiting child labor and discourage the use of child labor by employers. - - - Establish a system to verify the age of young workers to better protect children without birth certificates or other legal documentation from exploitation. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are able to communicate with Creole-speaking workers, including those who may be underage, to adequately conduct inspections for child labor violations. - - - Improve training of inspectors to increase the quality of interviews with employers and workers, gather consistent documentation, conduct timely re-inspection to ensure compliance, and use inspection data to enable prosecution. - - - Publish information on the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, if routine targeted inspections and unannounced inspections were conducted, and the training provided to criminal law enforcement, the number of criminal law enforcement investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions secured, and penalties imposed. - - - Increase the human and financial resources to ensure adequate criminal law enforcement related to child labor. - - - Improve coordination and case tracking systems between the Ministry of Labor and the Office of the Attorney General to ensure that violations are adequately investigated and prosecuted. - - - Ensure that the National Council for Children and Adolescents has sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care for victims of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure that the National Steering Committee to Eliminate Child Labor’s Local and Municipal Committees have sufficient resources to effectively coordinate efforts to address child labor. - - - - - Take steps to implement the policies related to child labor on an annual basis and publish information about these efforts. - - - Ensure that appropriate funding exists to effectively implement and coordinate policies related to child labor. - - - - - Increase efforts to issue identity documents to all children to reduce their vulnerability to labor exploitation. - - - Address the specific educational needs of vulnerable populations, including unaccompanied migrant children, children of parents who have been deported, and undocumented children. - - - Increase school infrastructure and teacher availability, especially in rural areas, remove supply and school-related fees, and expand efforts to reduce discrimination in schools. - - - Update all Ministry of Education's school manuals to align with Dominican law guaranteeing that children without birth certificates or identity documents are able to enroll in schools, and ensure that all children receive diplomas certifying school completion. - - - Ensure that all social programs are adequately funded, implemented, and report on their yearly efforts. - - - Expand social protection programs, particularly for child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and harmful agricultural work. - - - - - - - - - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Project to Reduce Child Labor and Improve Working Conditions in Agriculture in the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-reduce-child-labor-and-working-conditions-agriculture-dominican-republic - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in the Dominican Republic (Education/Youth Employment/Public Private Partnerships) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic– Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/evaluation_type/final_evaluation/DR_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Education Initiative: Informal Urban Work, Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Hazardous Commercial Agriculture - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic - Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Preparatory Activities for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_TBP_Prep_CLOSED.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tomato-Producing Sectors - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_Tomatoes_CLOSED.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf - - - - - Ecuador - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ecuador - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2020, Ecuador made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion provided assistance to approximately 11,530 children and adolescents vulnerable to child labor and the Attorney General's Office indicted 39 individuals for child labor crimes. In addition, the Technical Secretariat for the Lifetime Plan sent out technical brigades to remote areas in all provinces to assist with medical checkups and other social services for children. The Ministry of Labor also signed a Framework Agreement for Inter-Institutional Cooperation with the Association of Municipalities of Ecuador to implement public policies and programs aimed at the prevention and eradication of child labor. Finally, technical teams from the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion visited 8,425 families to help keep children in school despite the partial lockdown triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, children in Ecuador are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in mining. The labor inspectorate continues to lack sufficient resources and children continue to face barriers to education, especially in rural areas. - - - Bananas - Yes - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Flowers - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.082 - 302796 - 0.899 - 0.02 - 0.081 - - - 5-14 - 0.97 - - - 7-14 - 0.089 - - - 1.044 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 2874793 - 160 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 7559 - 7559 - 6 - 3 - 3 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 330 - Unknown - 277 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate is properly funded so that inspectors receive sufficient resources, including transportation and equipment, to adequately carry out their duties. Ensure that inspections sufficiently cover sectors in which child labor has been reported, including the agricultural sector and the informal sector. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient knowledge of existing laws, penalties, processes, and training in victim identification to conduct inspections and refer victims to social services. - - - Ensure that laws and regulations governing child labor, especially hazardous labor, are enforced consistently throughout the country, including in rural areas and family-run businesses. - - - Publish information on the number of criminal violations found and convictions of crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal investigators, including the National Police Unit for Crimes against Children and Adolescents and the Specialized Victim Witness Protection Program, receive sufficient resources to investigate cases of the worst forms of child labor and refer victims to services. - - - Ensure that investigators receive sufficient resources, including shelters for victims, to investigate cases of the worst forms of child labor and refer victims. - - - Strengthen the provision of specialized services for victims of human trafficking. - - - - - Ensure that key coordinating committees and councils, including the Inter-Institutional Committee for the Eradication of Child Labor, the Inter-Agency Sub-Committee for the Eradication of Child Labor, and the National Council for Inter-Generational Equity convene and undertake activities on a regular basis to address the worst forms of child labor. - - - Strengthen coordinating mechanismsamong ministries providing social services to victims of child labor, especially in the informal sector. - - - - - Update the National Plan to Eradicate Child Labor to ensure adequate funding for implementation and effectiveinter-agency coordination. - - - Transition the National Plan to Eradicate Child Labor from its original pilot project status to a permanent directorate with a permanent budget. - - - - - Conduct a comprehensive child labor survey so that there is sufficient data to inform government actions to eliminate child labor. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including indigenous and refugee children and children from rural areas, by increasing classroom space and teachers, addressing teen pregnancy issues, and providing adequate transportation. - - - Enhance efforts to address exploitative labor practices and labor trafficking of migrant and refugee children. - - - Ensure that children of refugees and migrants have full access to education. - - - Ensure that all social programs that address child labor, including the National Program to Combat Child Begging and Youth Impulse, are active and publish information on activities taken during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that social programs make interventions in sectors in which child labor is most prevalent, specifically inthe informal and agricultural sectors. - - - Ensure that the social registry includes families most vulnerable to child labor by updating the list of recipients of social assistance. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america - - - Palma Futuro: Preventing and Reducing Child Labor and Forced Labor in Palm Oil Supply Chains - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/palma-futuro-preventing-and-reducing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-palm-oil-supply - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Ecuador - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Ecuador - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ecuador: Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ecuador - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Building Effective Policies Against Child Labor in Ecuador and Panama - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-effective-policies-against-child-labor-ecuador-and-panama - - - Educafuturo: Project to Combat Child Labor Among Vulnerable Populations in Ecuador and Panama by Providing Direct Education and Livelihood Services - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/educafuturo-project-combat-child-labor-among-vulnerable-populations-ecuador-and - - - - - Egypt - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/egypt - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Egypt made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government announced $50 million in additional funding to support the Takaful and Karama program, which allowed the provision of cash assistance to 309,748 new families to support school attendance for their children. On November 10, 2020, the National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons launched the second phase of its "Together Against Human Trafficking" awareness campaign in partnership with the International Organization for Migration. The campaign included a public service announcement featuring prominent Egyptian celebrities that was broadcast on television and displayed on billboards and buses. Additionally, the Ministry of Manpower approved a new action plan for implementing the Accelerating Action for the Elimination of Child Labor in Supply Chains in Africa program. However, children in Egypt are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in quarrying limestone. The government did not publish data on the enforcement of child labor laws, and programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - - - Stones (limestone) - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.809 - - - 7-14 - 0.052 - - - 1.046 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the types of work that children perform in Egypt that expose them to hazardous temperatures, such as brick production, are prohibited for children under age 18. - - - Ensure that the law establishes age 16 as the minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military with safeguards for voluntariness. - - - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Egypt meets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Increase the number of inspectors receiving training on child labor policies. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - - - Ensure that the National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons effectively addresses trafficking as a distinct crime. - - - - - Ensure universal access to free public education, especially for girls, by addressing the cost of school fees, supplies, violence in schools, lack of documentation, and other barriers to education. - - - Expand programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, particularly in commercial sexual exploitation and in quarrying limestone. - - - Expand the Takaful and Kamara program to ensure that children are able to stay in school. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Promoting Worker Rights and Competitiveness in Export Industries - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-worker-rights-and-competitiveness-export-industries - - - Combating Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education and Livelihood Interventions in Egypt - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-education-and-livelihood-interventions - - - Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-fundamental-principles-and-rights-work - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Egypt - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Egypt_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - El Salvador - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/el-salvador - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, El Salvador made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Multiple government agencies worked with the International Labor Organization to prepare the 2019 report "New Forms of Child Labor: Use and Recruitment of Boys, Girls and Adolescents for Illicit Gang Activities in El Salvador," which evaluates the relationship between gangs and children to highlight the worst forms of child labor. The government also published results from its Annual Multipurpose Household Survey, which identifies child labor prevalence in the country. Furthermore, the government made publicly available the labor inspectorate's level of funding and increased the number of labor inspectors from 107 to 124. However, children in El Salvador are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and in illicit activities, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the harvesting of coffee. Law enforcement agencies continued to lack sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws throughout the country. Gaps also remained related to the implementation of key policies to address child labor. - - - Baked Goods - Yes - No - No - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - - - Cereal Grains - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Fireworks - Yes - No - No - - - Shellfish - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.036 - 39269 - 0.424 - 0.143 - 0.433 - - - 5-14 - 0.927 - - - 7-14 - 0.037 - - - 0.866 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18‡ - No - Yes - - - - $3.2 million - 124 - Yes - Yes - N/A - No - 23262 - Unknown - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - N/A - No - 14 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work from age 14 to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Determine whether the inspection ratio for each labor inspector is appropriate to ensure the quality and scope of inspections. - - - Provide sufficient funding and resources to the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare and criminal law enforcement agencies to fully enforce child labor laws and investigate cases involving the worst forms of child labor, including in the informal sector. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure and verify that child labor themes are included in annual refresher courses for inspectors. - - - Establish monetary penalties for child labor violations that are proportionate to the nature and seriousness of the offense. - - - Collect and publish complete information on training for new criminal investigators and data on the number of criminal violations found, and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Improve coordination between the National Civil Police and the Office of the Attorney General in their investigation and prosecution of criminal cases related to the worst forms of child labor, including by developing information-sharing capabilities. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Youth Policy for 2010–2024. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish government statistics evaluating the impact of collaborative projects targeting child labor in sugarcane production. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - Remove barriers to education, such as birth registration requirements, and ensure access for all children, including students of indigenous descent. - - - Ensure that adequate services are available for all human trafficking victims, including adolescent males. - - - Implement programs to support child laborers who may not be living with their parents, including child domestic workers. - - - Ensure annual surveys that provide data on child labor include information on specific child labor work sectors and the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Eliminating Child Labour in El Salvador Through Economic Empowerment and Social Inclusion - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labour-el-salvador-through-economic-empowerment-and-social - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in El Salvador (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/El_Salvador_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in El Salvador (Phase I) and Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Timebound Program of El Salvador (EI) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/evaluation_type/final_evaluation/El_Salvador_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Fireworks Industry of El Salvador - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/El_Salvador_Fireworks_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America: Shellfish Harvesting in El Salvador - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Youth Pathways - Central America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-central-america-0 - - - RICHES - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/riches - - - Audits of Selected USDOL-Funded IPEC Projects-Round V - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_IPEC_FY07_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Eritrea - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/eritrea - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2020, Eritrea is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, Eritrea is receiving an assessment of no advancement because it had a policy of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. Government officials continued to force students in grade 12, some of whom are under the age of 18, to participate in military training elements of the government's compulsory national service program. Otherwise, the government made efforts by maintaining funding for its education programs, and expanding schooling in rural areas prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Children in Eritrea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced military training associated with national service and forced agricultural labor. Moreover, Eritrea's minimum age protections do not apply to children working outside formal employment relationships, and therefore do not conform to international standards. In addition, the government does not have a mechanism to coordinate its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.603 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 14‡ - No - No - - - - Unknown - 28 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that all children are protected by minimum age laws, including those who are self-employed. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children and ensure that all children are protected by hazardous work prohibitions, including children in the informal sector. - - - Criminally prohibit the use of a child for prostitution. - - - Criminally prohibit procuring and offering a child for the production of drugs. - - - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Publish information on labor inspectorate funding, total number of inspections conducted at worksites, number of violations, number of targeted, routine, and unannounced inspections, number of violations for which penalties were imposed and collected, and whether complaint mechanisms and reciprocal referral mechanisms are in place. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure labor inspectors are provided sufficient resources, including transportation, to access sites in which child labor is likely to occur. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including initial and refresher training for new investigators, and data on the number of criminal investigations, violations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor, and if reciprocal referral mechanisms exist. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to directly address child labor. - - - - - Ensure that children under age 18 are not placed in military or agricultural labor assignments as part of national service. - - - - - Ensure that all children have access to education by building more schools and removing financial and religious barriers to attendance, as outlined in the 2018 Education Sector Development Plan. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Institute programs to address child labor, including in agriculture, domestic work, street work, and the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - No - - - - Eswatini - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/eswatini - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Eswatini made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of the Kingdom of Eswatini published their first-ever uniform guidelines for providing shelter and care for victims of human trafficking and gender-based violence. However, children in Eswatini are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, forced livestock herding, and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Significant gaps in the legal framework remain, including gaps in minimum age protections, a lack of legislation regulating the labor conditions under Kuhlehla and other customary practices, and a de facto compulsory education age that does not meet international standards. In addition, minimum age protections only apply to children working in industrial undertakings, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. - - - Bovines - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.117 - 35368 - - - 5-14 - 0.925 - - - 7-14 - 0.13 - - - 0.945 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 12/13‡ - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Yes - N/A - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - 1 - 1 - 1 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that minimum age provisions extend to all children, including those working in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and cover agricultural undertakings and domestic work. - - - Adopt legislation that prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish a compulsory education age that is consistent with the minimum age for work. - - - Establish by law free basic public education through lower secondary education. - - - Adopt legislation that regulates the work performed through traditional practices like Kuhlehla. - - - - - Collect and publish comprehensive statistics on enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspectors, the number of inspections conducted at worksites, the number of violations, the number of convictions, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Provide labor inspectors with refresher courses on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Provide adequate resources to labor inspectors and criminal investigators so they can fulfill their mandates. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and have the necessary resources to be able to fulfill their mandates as intended. - - - Establish a coordinating mechanism that addresses all child labor issues, including children working in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Improve coordination and communication among coordinating bodies to clarify mandates to combat all forms of child labor. - - - - - Implement child labor-related policies, including the National Children's Policy, National Strategic Framework, and Action Plan to Combat People Trafficking. - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Eswatini Education and Training Sector Policy. - - - - - Ensure that children are able to access free basic education, including paying or eliminating school fees for lower secondary education. - - - Ensure that social programs to address child labor are implemented in accordance with their mandates. - - - Ensure a minimum quality of standard care in shelters for victims of child trafficking. - - - Develop social protection programs to assist children engaged in child labor in domestic work and herding. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and - - - - - Ethiopia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ethiopia - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Ethiopia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Under the Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Persons Proclamation No. 1178, the government overhauled its national counter-trafficking framework, amending penalties for debt bondage, slavery, human trafficking, and certain forms of child labor and sexual exploitation. With external support, the Ministry of Education also announced a school feeding project benefiting 163,021 pre-primary and primary-age students in five regional states. In addition, the Ministry of Labor collaborated with the ILO to develop a digital inspection system, which was completed in 2020. However, children in Ethiopia continue to be subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and in commercial sexual exploitation. The law in Ethiopia does not include free basic education or a compulsory age for education, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Social programs to combat child labor have also not sufficiently targeted sectors with high incidences of child labor. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Khat/Miraa (stimulant plant) - Yes - No - No - - - Textiles (hand-woven) - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - 7-14 - 0.415 - 10202669 - - - 7-14 - 0.731 - - - 7-14 - 0.308 - - - 0.541 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18‡ - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - - 153000 - 621 - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 43360 - 43360 - 3 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum age at which children may enter hazardous work following vocational training from age 15 to age 16, in line with ILO C. 138. - - - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive, including hazardous tasks in traditional weaving. - - - Criminalize the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic education. - - - Establish by law a compulsory education age, and ensure that the age is consistent with the minimum age of employment. - - - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by permitting labor inspectors to assess penalties. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient resources to conduct inspections in all sectors and are able to coordinate adequately with other agencies. - - - Ensure that both domestic and transnational child trafficking cases are investigated and violations punished. - - - Gather, disaggregate, and publish information on the number of child labor violations found and penalties applied and collected, the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. - - - - - Clarify individual mandates for coordinating mechanisms charged with combating child labor, and enhance inter-committee communication, coordination, and collaboration. - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are funded and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies in the Education Sector Development Program, the National Technical & Vocational Education & Training Strategy, and the National Youth Policy. - - - Ensure existing policies and action plans to address the worst forms of child labor are implemented as intended. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Increase access to education for all children by decreasing the distance to schools in rural areas, hiring additional teachers, constructing sanitation facilities, and eliminating school-related costs. - - - Develop or expand social protection programs to withdraw children from all sectors, including agriculture and domestic work. - - - Ensure that social services, such as rehabilitation and reintegration centers, are available throughout the country. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - She Thrives: Reducing Child Labor in Ethiopia's Agricultural Sector using a Gender-Focused Approach - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/she-thrives-reducing-child-labor-ethiopias-agricultural-sector-using-gender-focused - - - Engaged, Educated, Empowered, Ethiopian Youth Project (E4Y) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/engaged-educated-empowered-ethiopian-youth-project-e4y - - - Ethiopians Fighting Against Child Exploitation (E- FACE) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/ethiopians-fighting-against-child-exploitation-e-face - - - Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - - - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/falkland-islands-(islas-malvinas) - Europe and Eurasia - - Minimal Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), in 2020 the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Safeguarding Children’s Board met quarterly and published an annual report on activities through March 2020. The minimum ages for work and for hazardous work do not meet international standards, and the law does not prohibit adults from using, procuring, and offering a child for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - - - Ratify international conventions on child labor. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to at least 15 and up to the age to which education is compulsory in all sectors. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18 and that national law determines prohibited work activities for children. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - - - NA - NA - Yes - - - - Fiji - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/fiji - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Fiji made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved its first National Action Plan and National Strategy for Combating Human Trafficking, which contains provisions to address child labor, including its worst forms, and child trafficking in Fiji. Also during the reporting period, the Inter-Agency National Human Trafficking Committee met for the first time since 2011. However, children in Fiji are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Fiji's light work provisions are not specific enough to prevent children from being involved in child labor. In addition, social programs undertaken by the government are insufficient to support children vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation, human trafficking, and involuntary domestic work. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.089 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 45 - Yes - No - N/A - Yes - 843 - 843 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - 0 - Yes - No - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - - - Publish information on the labor inspectorate's funding. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement information, including initial training for new criminal investigators, refresher courses, the number of investigations conducted, and the number of violations found for crimes relating to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy (2018–2022) during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the UNICEF Pacific Multi-Country Child Protection Program (2018–2022) during the reporting period. - - - Increase the availability of support services for children vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation, human trafficking, and involuntary domestic work from living with other families. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - - - Gabon - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/gabon - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Gabon made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In November, the Ministry of Justice, in coordination with UNICEF, began operating a hotline to alert authorities to possible child abuse cases, including instances of child labor. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Gabon is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to provide evidence it conducted worksite inspections during the reporting period. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Gabon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in domestic work. Gabonese law regarding minimum age for work provisions only applies to children in formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age for work. In addition, labor inspectors do not have the authority to assess penalties, and they lack the basic resources necessary to conduct investigations. - - - - 5-14 - 0.223 - 83073 - - - 5-14 - 0.944 - - - 7-14 - 0.233 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - No - N/A - No - 0 - N/A - 0 - N/A - N/A - N/A - Unknown - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Unknown - No - N/A - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - 20 - 2 - Yes - - - - - Ensure that minimum age protections are extended to children working outside of formal employment relationships. - - - Establish criminal prohibitions for the recruitment of children under age 18 for use in armed conflict by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the legal framework for light work establishes a minimum age no younger than age 13, determines activities that are considered light work, and specifies the conditions under which light work may be undertaken. - - - - - Publish information on the funding level for the labor inspectorate, number of inspections, and number of labor inspectors, and ensure both inspectors and investigators receive adequate funding, training, and resources to carry out inspections and investigations. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by having inspectors to assess penalties and conduct routine and unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are not tasked with conciliation or arbitration duties so that they can carry out their primary duties of inspection and monitoring throughout the country. - - - Ensure that the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections and criminal investigations. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies are sufficiently funded to carry out their mandates, remain active, and report on their activities. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor, including in activities such as domestic work and work in transportation. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into existing relevant policies. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that children have access to education by eliminating school fees, increasing the number of teachers and schools in rural areas, and ensuring that schools are free from sexual abuse; and make efforts to provide all children with birth registration. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem and ensure that the government continues to provide adequate support to victims of child labor, including sufficient shelter space for victims. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 - - - - - Gambia, The - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/gambia-the - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Gambia, The made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Agency Against Trafficking in Persons developed a National Referral Mechanism for victims of human trafficking, and Gambia, The Tourism Authority for the Protection of Children trained hotel staff on the commercial sexual exploitation of children. However, despite these initiatives to address child labor, The Gambia is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it implemented a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The labor inspectorate suspended inspections in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The government has not indicated when labor inspections will resume. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Gambia, The are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that children may commence an apprenticeship at the age of 12. In addition, labor inspectors lack legal authorization to inspect private homes or farms in which children may be working. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.782 - - - 7-14 - 0.217 - - - 0.789 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16‡ - No - Yes - - - - 15576 - 4 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 5 - 5 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Raise the minimal age for workplace apprenticeships to age 14. - - - - - Ensure that Neighborhood Watch Groups are empowered and properly trained to monitor and report cases of child labor. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing labor laws, including laws related to child labor, to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has authority to conduct inspections on farms and in homes. - - - Continue conducting labor inspections and ensure labor inspections occur where child labor is known to occur. - - - Ensure that the National Agency Against Trafficking in Persons' budget is sufficient for training officials. - - - Implement standard operating procedures to provide for proactive child sex trafficking victim identification and access to remedy, including providing additional training. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement investigation, violations, prosecutions, and convictions. - - - Ensure that penalties for child trafficking are comprehensively applied to deter violations and government officials are trained in the application of those penalties. - - - - - Ensure that the National Coordination Committee on Child Labor meets regularly and carries out activities to support its mandate. - - - - - Undertake activities in support of the National Child Protection Strategy - - - - - Report activities in support of the Combating Child Sex Tourism Project. - - - Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem. - - - Ensure that children can complete compulsory schooling by subsidizing or defraying the cost of books, uniforms, and other fees. - - - Enhance opportunities for children to access education by providing adequate teaching facilities and clean water, and increasing the number of teachers in rural areas. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Georgia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/georgia - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Georgia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted amendments to the Labor Code that expanded and clarified the roles and duties of the Labor Inspectorate. The government also implemented its new Code on the Rights of the Child beginning in June. In addition, the Healthcare Minister approved a decree that defines hazardous work and light work, as well as lists occupations prohibited for children under 18. In spite of challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the government made notable efforts to directly address child labor and trafficking in persons, while initiating a number of programs to provide increased support to vulnerable populations. However, children in Georgia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, the labor law governing the minimum age for work does not meet the international standard because it does not apply to informal work. In addition, the Criminal Code does not explicitly prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. Furthermore, the compulsory education age leaves children who are 15 years of age vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor, because they are not required to be in school but are not legally permitted to work full time. - - - - 5-14 - 0.029 - 13547 - 0.955 - 0.023 - 0.022 - - - 5-14 - 0.969 - - - 7-14 - 0.037 - - - 0.928 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - 967000 - 67 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 21081 - 21081 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 4 - 1 - 1 - 26 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those in informal work. - - - Increase the age up to which education is compulsory to age 16, the minimum age for work. - - - Ensure that the law's light work provisions are sufficiently specific to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of children for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that inspections are conducted in all economic sectors in which child labor violations may be present, including agriculture. - - - Ensure that the Department of Labor Inspection within the Ministry of Labor, Health, and Social Affairs has funding to employ a sufficient number of inspectors and that inspectors are capable of performing quality targeted, complaint-based, and unannounced inspections in all sectors and businesses on all labor laws. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice to monitor and combat child labor. - - - - - Continue to increase coordination between the Department of Labor Inspection within the Ministry of Labor, Health, and Social Affairs and the Criminal Police Department. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor, including child labor in agriculture. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in agriculture, to inform policies and programs. - - - Make additional efforts to register children from Roma communities, provide them with identity documents, and ensure that these groups can access education. - - - Ensure that socially vulnerable children, children from impoverished families, and children who live in rural areas have access to education. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially for street children. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - - - Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ghana - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Ghana made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Employment and Labor Relation’s Child Labor Unit developed an Inter-Sectoral Standard Operating Procedure for child protection and family welfare, which provides a framework of agreed standards and procedures for stakeholders. In addition, the government opened a new shelter for child trafficking victims, significantly increased investigations and convictions of child labor crimes, and launched a training of trainers course for labor inspectors. However, children in Ghana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa production and harvesting, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Prohibitions related to the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards as the use of children in pornographic performances is not criminally prohibited, and the law also does not prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the government has not acceded to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child's Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government's ability to adequately enforce labor laws and implement social programs during the reporting period. - - - Cocoa - Yes - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Tilapia (fish) - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - 0.792 - 0.05 - 0.158 - - - 5-14 - 0.899 - - - 7-14 - 0.132 - - - 0.938 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 62 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 213 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - N/A - Yes - 119 - Unknown - Unknown - 8 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children, including by prohibiting the use of a child in pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in all illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Update the hazardous work list for children to cover all hazardous types of work outlined in ILO C. 182. - - - - - Ensure that prosecutors who have received sufficient legal training oversee and lead the prosecution of cases involving the worst forms of child labor, that an adequate number of state attorneys are available to prosecute cases, that government officials do not intervene in criminal investigations, and that these cases are prosecuted according to the law. - - - Publish information on the amount of funding allocated to the labor inspectorate, number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, number of child labor inspections found, imposed, and collected, and number of routine inspections targeted. - - - Ensure that the inspectorates have adequate resources, including office space, transportation, and supplies, to adequately carry out their mandate throughout the country. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties for labor violations. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive adequate training, including initial training for new inspectors. - - - Publish data on number of child labor violations found and penalties initiated. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Strengthen and fully fund the mechanism to track cases of child labor for referral between law enforcement and social services providers. - - - Improve communication and coordination among criminal enforcement agencies to prosecute cases of the worst forms of child labor and provide adequate victim support. - - - Ensure that the Trafficking in Persons Information System is used and publish any related activities. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and report their activities. - - - - - Ensure that government policies are active, adequately funded, and publish information on their activities. - - - - - Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees, increasing the number of classrooms, improving access to schools, providing sanitation facilities, and prohibiting sexual harassment and physical violence in schools. - - - Ensure that opportunities such as vocational training are available to secondary school students enrolled in the dual-track system. - - - Ensure that social programs are active and receive sufficient funding to carry out their objectives. - - - Expand the availability of government-supported shelter services for child victims and ensure that all shelters are operational. - - - Create, replicate, and expand effective models for addressing exploitative child labor in the cocoa, fishing, and mining sectors. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional - - - West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking-adults-and-children-ghana - - - Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/assessing-progress-reducing-child-labor-cocoa-growing-areas-cote-divoire-and-ghana - - - Towards Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing Communities - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labor-free-cocoa-growing-communities - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional - - - Making Advances to Eliminate Child Labor in More Areas with Sustainable Integrated Efforts (MATE MASIE) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/mate-masie-making-advances-eliminate-child-labor-more-areas-sustainable-integrated - - - Adwuma Pa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/adwuma-pa - - - Mobilizing Community Action and Promoting Opportunities for Youth in Ghana's Cocoa-Growing Communities (MOCA) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/mobilizing-community-action-and-promoting-opportunities-youth-ghanas-cocoa-growing-0 - - - Support for the Implementation of Timebound Measures for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor in Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Ghana - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa - - - CARING Gold Mining Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/caring-gold-mining-project-convening-stakeholders-develop-and-implement-strategies - - - - - Grenada - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/grenada - Latin America and the Caribbean - - No Advancement - In 2020, Grenada made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Grenada, no official study of child labor has been done to confirm this. The government's ability to prevent children from being subjected to the worst forms of child labor is limited because existing laws do not comprehensively prohibit child trafficking and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. In addition, the government did not authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 6 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Unknown - 76 - 76 - Unknown - N/A - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Establish the minimum age for hazardous work at age 18 and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. - - - Prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including drug production. - - - Establish minimum age requirements of at least age 13 for holiday employment and define the activities, conditions, and number of hours permissible for such work. - - - Ensure that the law establishes sanctions for all perpetrators of child trafficking, including in cases that do not show force, threats, or coercion. - - - Enact legislation prohibiting the use, procuring, or offering of a child for all forms of commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Provide sufficient funding and resources to allow agencies responsible for the enforcement of labor laws to fulfill their mission. - - - Publish labor and criminal law enforcement data, including the following: information on the number and type of labor inspections; information on criminal inspectors' training; and the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions in criminal law enforcement of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish data on labor inspectorate funding. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, to inform policies and programs. - - - - - No - No - No - - - - Guatemala - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guatemala - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Guatemala made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government created the Inter-Institutional Coordinating Entity Against Labor Exploitation and Child Labor, a new coordinating body aimed at identifying and providing support to victims of human trafficking. It also publicized a WhatsApp number and e-mail address for reporting concerns related to human trafficking, labor exploitation, and the worst forms of child labor. In addition, the government prosecuted 36 cases of alleged child labor crimes and obtained 12 convictions. Guatemala also completed the implementation of the first phase of the Child Labor Risk Identification Model, which is designed to identify child labor vulnerabilities and develop strategies in response. As a result, analysis on risk and protection factors associated with the probability of child labor were developed for the 340 municipalities of the country. However, children in Guatemala are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. The insufficient number of labor inspectors and resources limited the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare's ability to combat the worst forms of child labor. In addition, existing social programs are insufficient to reach all children engaged in exploitative labor and, in particular, do not target children engaged in domestic work or agriculture. - - - Broccoli - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Corn - Yes - No - No - - - Fireworks - Yes - No - No - - - Gravel (crushed stones) - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - - - 7-14 - 0.065 - 203265 - 0.633 - 0.06 - 0.307 - - - 7-14 - 0.902 - - - 7-14 - 0.033 - - - 0.791 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - $3.70 million - 171 - Yes - No - No - Yes - 27537 - 15433 - 14 - 1 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - No - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 36 - 12 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Eliminate the exception allowing some children under age 14 to work, or establish a light work framework for children ages 12 to 14 outlining restrictions on working conditions, type of work, and number of hours of work. - - - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Clarify whether Ministerial Agreement 260-2019 raises the minimum working age to 15. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Collect and report data on the total amount in fines collected in relation to child labor violations. - - - Provide sufficient funding and resources to the labor inspectorate to ensure operational needs are met. - - - Ensure that criminal investigators have sufficient resources and staff to conduct quality criminal investigations in all geographical areas of the country. - - - Ensure that inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector, an area in which child labor is known to occur. - - - Improve the quality of inspections by ensuring that inspectors receive effective training, meet with all relevant parties, including workers, and dedicate the necessary time to carry out more comprehensive inspections. - - - Dedicate more staff and train criminal law enforcement officials, particularly those outside the capital, on laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Disaggregate enforcement data to identify child labor-related investigations and report on the number of violations for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that hearings and trials addressing human trafficking and gender-based violence in specialized courts are scheduled in a timely manner and that judges are trained in trafficking in persons concepts. - - - Improve effectiveness of child labor complaint and referral mechanisms to ensure timely responses to complaints. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are able to communicate with indigenous language speakers, including those who may be underage, to adequately conduct inspections for child labor violations. - - - - - Strengthen coordination efforts to institutionalize relationships between civil society representatives and government agencies that provide services to victims of child labor, for example by fully incorporating civil society participation in the Inter-Institutional Commission Against Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure the Secretariat Against Sexual Violence, Exploitation, and Trafficking in Persons has the resources, authority, and political support necessary to combat human trafficking countrywide. - - - Ensure actions are taken to carry out the mandates of the National Platform for the Prevention and Protection of Children and Adolescents against Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Protocol for Providing Comprehensive Health Care to Children and Adolescents in the Worst Forms of Child Labor, and the Inter‐Institutional Detection and Action Protocol For Immediate Response to Cases of Sexual Exploitation Against Children and Adolescents in Travel and Tourism during the reporting period. - - - - - Remove barriers to education for all children, including girls and indigenous children, children with disabilities, and children living in rural areas, by recruiting and training more qualified teachers, providing instruction in indigenous languages, building additional schools with appropriate facilities, providing textbooks to all public schools, and removing school fees and transportation costs. - - - Ensure that social programs are implemented, well funded, able to carry out their objectives, reach populations outside urban centers, and report on yearly activities. - - - Regularly monitor the effectiveness and impact of social programs such as awareness campaigns beyond number of citizens reached. - - - Initiate social programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work, and for children who perform other types of hazardous work. - - - Ensure high standards of safety and care for children in government-run shelters. - - - Ensure the safety of NGO officials, human rights workers, judges, and labor activists to facilitate a secure environment for the implementation of social programs that address and prevent child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf - - - My Rights Matter (Nuyatalil-Woklen: Mis Derechos son Importantes) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/my-rights-matter-nuyatalil-woklen-mis-derechos-son-importantes - - - Combating Child Labor in the Fireworks Industry of Guatemala (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guatemala_Fireworks_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Guinea - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guinea - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Guinea made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted a revised Child Code, which provides higher penalties for violations for child labor violations and enumerates a more comprehensive hazardous work list. The government also approved a new National Action Plan to Fight Against Trafficking in Persons. However, children in Guinea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in artisanal mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. The government lacks a coordinating mechanism and national policy to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. Laws related to the minimum age for work also do not meet international standards because they do not include children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. In addition, the government does not implement sufficient social programs to address the extent of the child labor problem. - - - Cashews - Yes - No - No - - - Cocoa - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Diamonds - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.542 - - - 7-14 - 0.173 - - - 0.597 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 200 - Yes - Yes - No - No - 200 - 116 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 2 - 2 - 2 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including agriculture. - - - Raise the minimum age for light work to age 13 to comply with international standards; ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the conditions in which light work may be undertaken and the number of hours that are permitted for children engaged in light work. - - - Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. - - - Establish by law free basic education. - - - - - Provide consistent training, including initial and refresher courses and training on new laws, for labor law officials. - - - Publish information on labor inspectorate funding and the numbers of convictions and imposed penalties related to the criminal enforcement of child labor laws. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry for Social Action and Vulnerable People to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor. - - - - - Ensure that the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons and Similar Practices and the Committee for Monitoring, Protection, and Defense of the Rights of the Child receive adequate funding to fulfill their missions. - - - Ensure that Committee for Monitoring, Protection, and Defense of the Rights of the Child is active. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by improving school infrastructure and increasing school and teacher availability; and remove any school-related fees. - - - Ensure all children have access to education regardless of whether or not they have birth registration. - - - Ensure that social services are properly funded and adequately meet the needs of victims of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, domestic work, forced begging, mining, and street work. - - - - - No - No - No - - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Stop Exploitive Labor and Educate Children for Tomorrow (SELECT) Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guinea_SELECT_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor and Exploitation through Education in Guinea (CCLEE) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guinea_CCLEE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Guinea-Bissau - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guinea-bissau - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Guinea-Bissau made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Institute for Women and Children identified and assisted 75 talibé children with medical assistance, shelter, family identification and the registration of birth certificates. In addition, in October 2020, the government reopened schools with provisions aimed at addressing lost school time due to lengthy teacher strikes and the COVID-19 pandemic, including an increase of an additional school day to each week of the school calendar to ensure minimal repercussions to children's education. However, children in Guinea-Bissau are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Furthermore, the minimum age for work is not in compliance with international standards since the law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children without a work contract. Lastly, law enforcement officials do not receive sufficient training and resources to adequately conduct inspections and prosecute cases of child labor, and social programs do not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.681 - - - 7-14 - 0.484 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 28 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - No - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - No - N/A - No - 8 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including children without a work contract. - - - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that all 9 years of basic education are free. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that the number of law enforcement officials is sufficient to address the scope of the problem, and that both law and criminal enforcement officials receive adequate training and resources to inspect, investigate, and prosecute cases of child labor throughout the country, including in Bafatá and Gabú, where child labor is known to occur. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating routine inspections and targeting inspections based on the analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - - - Establish a mechanism to receive child labor complaints. - - - Establish referral mechanisms to ensure that children found during labor inspections and criminal investigations are referred to the appropriate social services providers. - - - Publish labor law enforcement data, including information on labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspections conducted, violations found, and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. In addition, publish criminal law enforcement data that are disaggregated for crimes against children, including the number of child labor investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions secured, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that the Inter-Ministerial Commission to Fight Child Labor is able to carry out its intended mandate. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Policy for the Protection of Children and Adolescents. - - - - - Significantly increase efforts to raise national awareness of human trafficking, including child trafficking. - - - Ensure that facilities, including shelters, have adequate resources to assist victims of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by increasing the number of schools, improving school infrastructure, and providing transportation, particularly in rural areas. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone - - - - - Guyana - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guyana - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Guyana made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established a new Ministry of Labor, which monitors, investigates, and enforces child labor law in collaboration with other government agencies. Guyana also published a National Child Labor Policy with a corresponding national action plan, and it launched a new nationwide trafficking in persons hotline. However, children in Guyana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in mining. Law enforcement agencies have insufficient financial and human resources to enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms, and existing laws do not fully prohibit using children in certain forms of child labor. Moreover, the government does not have targeted social programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.971 - - - 7-14 - 0.221 - - - 0.974 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 17 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 736 - 736 - 2 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 2 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits forced labor. - - - Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits all commercial sexual exploitation of children by prohibiting the use of children in pornography and prostitution. - - - Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits the use of children for illicit activities by prohibiting the use, procuring, or offering of a child for the production or trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Publish information on the labor inspectorate's funding and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient resources to monitor the interior, where child labor is most prevalent, and in other remote areas. - - - Ensure the appropriate application of Articles 41 and 46 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act to protect children from work that may harm their physical health or emotional development. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Human Services and Social Security's Trafficking in Persons Unit is sufficiently staffed to carry out its mandate. - - - Dedicate more resources, including judicial personnel, to address the backlog of cases and ensure that cases are concluded in a timely manner, including cases related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat child labor, including all of its worst forms. - - - Ensure that the National Tripartite Committee engages in regular meetings and coordination efforts. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies. - - - - - Ensure that children are not prevented from attending school because of transportation costs and lack of infrastructure, and increase the number of qualified teachers, particularly in rural and interior areas. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in fishing and construction, to inform policies and programs. - - - Develop new initiatives and expand existing programs to reach all children involved in the worst forms of child labor, including programs addressing child labor in the mining industry and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Guyana Decent Work Country Program and the Board of Industrial Training. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Guyana - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guyana_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Haiti - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/haiti - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Haiti made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted the National Social Protection and Promotion Policy that aims to build institutional resilience for social protection against economic shocks and health crises, including efforts to identify and remove children from work and provide vocational training for youth. It also established task forces to combat human trafficking in three provinces, and collected data from 83 organizations to develop an interactive map of service providers for victims of human trafficking in the West, North-East, and Central Plateau regions. However, children in Haiti are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children in Haiti also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and domestic work. Minimum age protections apply only to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards requiring all children to be protected. In addition, Haiti lacks a clear, easily applicable minimum age for domestic work and a list of hazardous occupations prohibited to children. Likewise, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties and social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. - - - - 5-14 - 0.344 - 815993 - - - 5-14 - 0.924 - - - 7-14 - 0.349 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Unknown - N/A - N/A - Unknown - 585 - 424 - 35 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that minimum age for work protections apply to all children, including those without formal employment contracts. - - - Clarify the minimum age for work, including for domestic work. - - - Adopt a list of hazardous occupations and activities, and ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include work in hazardous agricultural environments. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits forced labor. - - - Ensure that the law establishes a minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military, at age 18 or at age 16, with safeguards for voluntariness. - - - Establish by law a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age for work. - - - - - Collect and publish information on labor law enforcement efforts including on labor inspectorate funding; the number of labor inspectors and whether they received initial training; the number and type of labor inspections conducted; the number of violations found, total penalties imposed and collected; and whether routine, targeted, and unannounced inspections were carried out. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Ensure that the number of labor and criminal law enforcement agents, and the training and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, are sufficient to adequately enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Establish penalties that are sufficient to serve as a deterrent for employing children in contravention of the Labor Code. - - - Expand the reach of the hotlines operated by the Brigade for the Protection of Minors and the Institute of Social Welfare and Research to facilitate reporting of child exploitation cases in areas beyond Port-au-Prince, including in rural areas; publish information on the number of hotline calls related to child labor. - - - Collect and publish complete information on the trainings provided to criminal investigators and data on the number of convictions and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that the Institute of Social Welfare and Research conducts child protection inspections, including following up on reported incidents of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that policies to prevent or combat child labor are implemented. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by removing school-related fees in public schools; increasing the number of schools and teachers, especially in rural areas and camps near the border with the Dominican Republic; ensuring that public schools address language barriers; meeting the specific educational needs of vulnerable populations, including recent arrivals from the Dominican Republic, unregistered children, and child domestic workers; and ensuring that children who start their education late or repeat grades are allowed to transition to secondary school. - - - Expand the National Child Protection Database, including by identifying displaced street children and children in domestic work. - - - Expand existing social programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in domestic work, agriculture, and child trafficking. - - - Ensure that all social programs are active and fulfilling their mandates as intended. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Protecting the Working Conditions of People/ Proteje Kondisyon Travay Moun (PWOKONTRAM) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protecting-working-conditions-people-proteje-kondisyon-travay-moun-pwokontram - - - - - Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/honduras - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Honduras made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government began implementing the new Child Labor Inspection Protocol, which established guidelines and procedures for inspectors to follow to ensure that inspections appropriately identify and address child labor violations. It also assisted non-governmental partners in the creation of a virtual training platform designed to train inspectors on the Child labor Inspection Protocol. Furthermore, government agencies conducted multiple joint operations targeting child labor throughout the country. However, children in Honduras are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and use in illicit activities, including selling and trafficking drugs. Children also engage in child labor in the production of coffee and melons. Labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lacked financial and human resources, and the government did not adequately report comprehensive data related to its criminal law enforcement efforts. In addition, social programs that address child labor in agriculture have not addressed the problem nationwide, and the government lacks similar programs to eliminate child labor in other sectors, including fishing, mining, and domestic work. - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Lobsters - Yes - No - No - - - Melons - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.09 - 168348 - 0.533 - 0.127 - 0.34 - - - 5-14 - 0.879 - - - 7-14 - 0.062 - - - 0.795 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - 3200000 - 185 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 8267 - 7318 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Unknown - 35 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum working age of 14 to conform to the compulsory education age of 17. - - - - - Carry out labor inspections in areas in which child labor is prevalent, such as rural areas, the informal sector, and indigenous communities in which children engage in agriculture and fishing or diving. - - - Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient funding and resources to carry out their mandates nationwide. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that all labor inspectors receive sufficient training on child labor issues. - - - Publish complete criminal law enforcement information on efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, such as all training provided, total number of violations found, prosecutions initiated, number of convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for violations. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Report on actions taken to carry out policies related to child labor on an annual basis. - - - - - Increase access to education by increasing funding to schools, ensuring that teachers speak local languages or dialects, building more schools, particularly in rural areas, enhancing efforts to protect students from gang recruitment and violence, and removing barriers such as school fees and costs for uniforms and transportation. - - - Ensure that social programs reach the children who are most vulnerable to child labor, including children of African descent and indigenous children. - - - Ensure that social programs are adequately funded and implemented, and report on their yearly efforts. - - - Expand social programs that address child labor in agriculture and create programs to assist children engaged in child labor in fishing, mining, domestic service, and illicit gang activity. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf - - - Youth Pathways - Central America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-central-america-0 - - - Addressing Child Labor and Forced Labor in the Coffee Supply Chain in Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/addressing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-coffee-supply-chain-honduras - - - Futuros Brillantes: Project to Reduce Child Labor and Improve Labor Rights and Working Conditions in Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/futuros-brillantes-project-reduce-child-labor-and-improve-labor-rights-and-working-0 - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in the Melon Plantations of Honduras - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/prevention-and-elimination-child-labor-melon-plantations-honduras - - - - - India - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/india - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, India made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the national government disbursed $13.5 million in funding to expand Anti-Human Trafficking Units from 332 districts to all 732 districts, and provided additional training and resources to existing units. In March 2020, the Government of Karnataka released comprehensive standard operating procedures on human trafficking in collaboration with civil society organizations. The standard operating procedures cover sex trafficking, child beggary, child labor, and bonded labor. In addition, the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, which included workplace safety standards for children ages 14–18, was passed in September 2020. However, children in India are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in garment production, stone quarrying, and brickmaking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of thread and yarn. India also does not meet the international standard for the prohibition of military recruitment by non-state armed groups. Research has found that that no illegal shelter homes were shut down during the reporting period. Research has also found that complicit government officials were not held accountable for helping to operate illegal shelter homes—no criminal cases were initiated against government officials in 2020. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include all occupations in which children work for long periods of time in unsafe and unhealthy environments, and penalties for employing children are insufficient to deter violations. The government also did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement and criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - Bidis (hand-rolled cigarettes) - Yes - No - No - - - Brassware - Yes - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Carpets - Yes - Yes - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - - - Cottonseed (hybrid) - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Embellished Textiles - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Fireworks - Yes - No - No - - - Footwear - Yes - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Gems - Yes - No - No - - - Glass Bangles - Yes - No - No - - - Incense (agarbatti) - Yes - No - No - - - Leather Goods/Accessories - Yes - No - No - - - Locks - Yes - No - No - - - Matches - Yes - No - No - - - Mica - Yes - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Sandstone - Yes - Yes - No - - - Silk Fabric - Yes - No - No - - - Silk Thread - Yes - No - No - - - Soccer Balls - Yes - No - No - - - Stones - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - Thread/Yarn - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.014 - 3253202 - 0.564 - 0.331 - 0.104 - - - 5-14 - 0.907 - - - 7-14 - 0.003 - - - 0.917 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 are comprehensive, especially in the sectors in which children work in unsafe and unhealthy conditions for long periods of time, such as in spinning mills, garment production, carpet making, and domestic work. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Publish the legal instrument that establishes the minimum age for voluntary recruitment into India's armed forces. - - - - - Ensure that there are no gaps in criminal law enforcement efforts regarding children from marginalized communities who are trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation, and ensure that procedures are in place to properly screen human trafficking victims to avoid prosecuting them for crimes that their traffickers compelled them to commit. - - - Ensure that Anti-Human Trafficking Units have sufficient funding and human resources to adequately perform their work. - - - Collect and publish national-level data on labor law enforcement, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspectors, the number and type of inspections conducted, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Collect and publish national-level data from all state governments on trainings for criminal investigators, the number of criminal investigations, the number of violations found, the number of prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions. Ensure that penalties are imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor, and that a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services. - - - Ensure that the number of labor inspectors in India meets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Ensure adequate training for labor and criminal law inspectors, that an adequate number of labor inspections are conducted, that labor inspections are regularly conducted in all sectors in which child labor occurs, and that the complaint mechanism response time is efficient. - - - Create meaningful penalties for employment of children in prohibited child labor to ensure that penalties adequatelydeter violations. - - - Ensure that public officials who facilitate or participate in the worst forms of child labor are held accountable, including officials who accept bribes in exchange for protection from the law. - - - Ensure that there is implementation of victim protection measures in courts, and ensure that judges and prosecutors at Protection of Children From Sexual Offences Act courts have adequate training or expertise on crimes involving the commercial sexual exploitation of children.. - - - Fully implement standard operating procedures that provide financial assistance to victims rescued from bonded labor, including children, and ensure that bonded labor cases are fast tracked to ensure that victims receive financial assistance and are issued release certificates in a timely manner. - - - Investigate suspected abuses and misconduct at government-run, government-funded shelter homes, and prioritize the official registration of all government-run, government-funded shelters to ensure government oversight. Ensure that shelter homes are fully staffed and free of abuses, including forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Ensure that all state governments conduct audits of all government-run, government-funded shelters as mandated by the Supreme Court. - - - Ensure that law enforcement agencies have adequate technological and financial resources to respond to technological tools used by traffickers. - - - - - Work with state governments that do not currently have state action plans for the elimination of child labor to establish such plans. - - - Publish information about activities that were undertaken to implement the national plan of action and state action plans during the reporting period. - - - Approve and implement a national policy to combat trafficking in persons and support victims. - - - - - Ensure that education accessibility is equitable and widespread by providing adequate financial resources dedicated to remote learning assets and penalizing education officials who engage in discrimination and harassment of children. Further reduce barriers to education, in particular for refugee children and children from marginalized communities, by providing sufficient training for teachers, providing separate and sanitary washrooms for girls, and increasing the number of available schools, especially in rural areas in which inadequate infrastructure and transportation options limit access to education. - - - Ensure collection, findings, and publication of data on exploitative child labor are made available to the public, including findings from district-level bonded labor surveys and raw data from the national census. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 - - - Supply Chain Tracing and Engagement Methodologies (STREAMS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/streams-supply-chain-tracing-and-engagement-methodologies - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-4 - - - Converging Against Child Labor: Support for India's Model - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_ConvergenceModel_0.pdf - - - Preventing and Eliminating Child Labor in Identified Hazardous Sectors (INDUS) – Migrant Child Labor Addendum - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_INDUS_MigrantChildAdden_CLOSED.pdf - - - Preventing and Eliminating Child Labor in Identified Hazardous Sectors (INDUS) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_INDUS_CLOSED.pdf - - - Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Indonesia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/indonesia - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Indonesia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government removed 9,000 children from child labor through the Family Hope Program and subsequently enrolled them in school. The government also increased its allocation to street and abandoned children from $357,142 (IDR 5 billion) in 2019 to $2.7 million (IDR 38.1 billion), helping approximately 68,438 children. In addition, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government directed financial resources to families in extreme hardship by providing 96.8 million Indonesians who struggle to meet basic needs with the Indonesia Health Card. However, children in Indonesia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in plantation agriculture, including in palm oil and tobacco production. The Ministry of Manpower continued to lack the financial resources and personnel necessary to fully enforce child labor laws throughout the country. In addition, the government did not publish criminal enforcement information on the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and imposed penalties for crimes relating to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Fish - Yes - Yes - No - - - Footwear (sandals) - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Oil (Palm) - Yes - Yes - No - - - Rubber - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - Tin - Yes - No - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.037 - 816363 - 0.616 - 0.12 - 0.265 - - - 10-14 - 0.924 - - - 10-14 - 0.021 - - - 1.023 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - $13.5 million - 1352 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 10007 - 10007 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that threats, the use of force, and coercion do not need to be established for the crime of child trafficking. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including jockeying in horse racing, in which there is evidence that children are exposed to physical dangers. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities the activities in which light work may be permitted. - - - Establish by law free basic public education by removing provisions that permit schools to charge fees. - - - - - Authorize the inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have authority to inspect the informal sector, including private farms and homes, for child labor violations. - - - Ensure that labor inspectorate funding is sufficient to cover infrastructure, transportation, and fuel requirements to enable labor inspectors to carry out inspections. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. - - - Ensure that all labor law and criminal law enforcement personnel receive adequate training on child labor regulations, including refresher trainings for labor inspectors. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement information, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and imposed penalties for crimes relating to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Sufficiently fund Provincial and District Task Forces and require them to incorporate the recommendations of the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Task Force into their plans of action on the elimination of trafficking of women and children. - - - - - Collect and publish prevalence data on child laborers ages 5 through 10. - - - Conduct research to determine the types of activities carried out by children, including in construction and street work sectors, to inform social policies and programs. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, including removing school-related fees for basic education and ensuring that all children are able to obtain a government-issued student identification number so they can attend school. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - PROMOTE: Decent Work for Domestic Workers to End Child Domestic Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promote-decent-work-domestic-workers-end-child-domestic-work - - - Eliminate Exploitive Child Labor through Education and Economic Development (EXCEED) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminate-exploitive-child-labor-through-education-and-economic-development-exceed - - - Project of Support to the Indonesia Timebound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor-Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_TBP_PhaseII_0.pdf - - - Enable Program: Enabling ACEH to Combat Exploitation through Education (ENABLE/ACEH) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_ENABLEACEH_TsunamiRelief_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Enable Program: Enabling Communities to Combat Child Trafficking Through Education - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_ENABLE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Support to the Indonesian National Plan of Action and the Development of the Timebound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (Including ACEH Addendum) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Fishing and Footwear Sectors Program to Combat Hazardous Child Labor in Indonesia, Phase 2 - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/fishing-and-footwear-sectors-program-combat-hazardous-child-labor-indonesia-phase-2 - - - SAFE Seas - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/safe-seas - - - Program to Combat Child Labor in the Fishing Sector in Indonesia and the Philippines- Phases I and II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthEastAsia_Fishing_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Iran - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/iran - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Carpets - Yes - No - No - - - - - Iraq - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/iraq - Middle East and North Africa - Yes - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Iraq made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Interior investigated several cases implicating Ministry of Interior police and Iraqi Security Forces members in sex trafficking crimes, including prosecution, conviction, and sentencing of six police officers and two Internal Security Forces service members for trafficking boys and girls into sexual exploitation. In addition, theMinistry of Interior upgraded the Anti-Trafficking Directorate from departmental to directorate status and increased its allocationof financial and human resources. However, despite initiatives to address child labor, Iraq is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Iraqi and Kurdistan Regional Government authorities continued to inappropriately detain and prosecute without legal representation children allegedly affiliated with ISIS—some of whom were victims of forcible recruitment and use—and used abusive interrogation techniques and torture to gain children’s confessions. Children in Iraq are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and in commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government did not provide information on its labor or criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. It also continues to lack programs that focus on assisting children involved in the worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.784 - - - 7-14 - 0.042 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - No - - No - No - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - No - - No - No - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - No - - No - No - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - No - - No - No - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq and Kurdistan Region - Iraq and Kurdistan Region - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Iraq and Kurdistan Region - Iraq and Kurdistan Region - No - - No - No - - - - - Iraq - Iraq - No - 12‡ - No - No - - - Kurdistan Region - Kurdistan Region - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - - - Ensure that the laws comprehensively prohibit child trafficking in all parts of Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region, and do not require force or coercion for their application, in accordance with international standards. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of a child in prostitution and the use, procuring, and offering of a child for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law in Iraq criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Increase the age of compulsory schooling in Iraq to at least age 15, the minimum age for work. - - - - - Ensure that children under age 18 are not recruited or used by armed groups affiliated with the Popular Mobilization Forces and that those that recruit and use children criminally accountable. - - - Publish labor law enforcement information, such as the funding of the labor inspectorate, number of inspectors, inspections, and violations. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Ensure that routine labor inspections are carried out in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training, including refresher courses, on child labor and that they have sufficient resources to carry out their duties. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice and ensure adequate funding to enforce legal protections against child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement on the worst forms of child labor in Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. - - - Ensure that children are not arrested, detained, tortured, or denied services on the basis of their or their family members' perceived ties to ISIS. - - - Ensure that allegations of sexual exploitation and trafficking of girls in IDP camps by government officials are investigated and those responsible are held criminally liable. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies meet and are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Implement the Child Protection Policy in Iraq, and adopt a child labor policy in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region for other worst forms of child labor present in Iraq, including forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Implement programs to ensure that children are discouraged from enlisting in armed groups and receiving military training. - - - Ensure that universal access to education is consistent with international standards, including for refugee and internally displaced children, and that programs address barriers to education, including the lack of teachers, the destruction and lack of local schools, costs of transportation and school supplies, lack of infrastructure, especially during school closures. Ensure that the lack of identification documents does not hinder access to education, including for IDPs and refugees, children with suspected ties to ISIS, and children of “informal” marriages. - - - Implement programs to address child labor in relevant sectors in Iraq, such as the provision of services to children in commercial sexual exploitation, to demobilize and reintegrate children engaged in armed groups, and to provide informal education programs and shelters for human trafficking victims. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Jamaica - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/jamaica - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Jamaica made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a national referral mechanism for child trafficking victims, and significantly increased the budget for the Program for Advancement through Health and Education from $70.7 million in 2019 to $100 million, an expansion that was supplemented with another $6.7 million after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also implemented the Child Labor Risk Identification Model, a preventative tool that identifies geographical areas and sectors with the highest probability of child labor. However, children in Jamaica are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and use in illicit activities. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture and street work. Although the government has laws prohibiting the use of children in some illicit activities, it does not provide higher penalties for using, procuring, or offering children for the production and distribution of drugs than penalties imposed for these same crimes when the victims are adults. - - - - 5-14 - 0.062 - 30111 - 0.165 - 0.029 - 0.806 - - - 5-14 - 0.989 - - - 7-14 - 0.072 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 3144000 - 181 - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 2669 - 1821 - 2 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - 28 - 8 - 2 - 1 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that legislation includes higher penalties for the use of children for the production and distribution of drugs. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to align with the compulsory education age of 16. - - - Pass legislation that will determine the specific light work activities and hours permissible for children ages 13 and 14 to facilitate enforcement. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Permit by law the publication of statistics and information related to child labor. - - - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - - - Ensure that the Child Protection and Family Services Agency and any other relevant agency or coordinating body has the authority and resources necessary to effectively coordinate between child labor, human trafficking, and other child-related issues. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor and Social Security implements its Program for the Elimination of Child Labor. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Compulsory Education Policy. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the government's National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking (2018–2021). - - - - - Ensure that school costs, such as uniforms, books, food, and transportation, do not diminish access to free public education. - - - Ensure that social programs adequately address child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, and expand programs designed to assist child laborers involved in street work, commercial sexual exploitation, agricultural work, and other worst forms of child labor. - - - Implement a program to report, identify, and find missing children who may have been forced into child labor. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Jamaica - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jamaica_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Jordan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/jordan - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Jordan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In 2020, for the first time, the Ministry of Labor conducted 850 targeted child labor inspections in the agricultural sector throughout the country. It also developed a new website and mobile phone application that, once operational, will allow the public to report cases of child labor, which will then be logged into the National Child Labor Database. In addition, the Minister of Labor launched the Program to End the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Zarqa and Amman. However, children in Jordan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Insufficient resources hampered the Ministry of Labor’s capacity to ensure compliance with child labor laws in the agricultural sector. Moreover, and despite government efforts, Syrian children still face barriers to accessing education due to socioeconomic pressures, bullying, and the costs associated with transportation and supplies, among other issues. In addition, research was unable to determine whether criminal law enforcement agencies in Jordan conducted investigations on cases related to the worst forms of child labor despite evidence of these worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - 0.01 - 33182 - 0.432 - 0.142 - 0.426 - - - 5-14 - 0.948 - - - 7-14 - 0.01 - - - 0.817 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - N/A* - - No - N/A* - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 353000 - 136 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 90723 - 5402 - 503 - 79 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law criminalizes forced labor as its own offense. - - - - - Improve the quality of the Ministry of Labor's hotline by making it easier to locate, ensuring that operators, including those who speak foreign languages, are available outside of business hours, and all messages are addressed. - - - Publish the number of labor law penalties imposed that were collected. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO technical advice. - - - Ensure that criminal investigations are conducted on the worst forms of child labor, including forced begging and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigators, violations, prosecutions, and convictions. - - - Ensure that the number of inspections conducted per labor inspector affords inspectors enough time to adequately identify and remediate labor law violations. - - - - - Ensure that the National Committee on Child Labor functions and is able to carry out its mandate. - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor and other forms of child labor, including street and farm work. - - - - - Implement the Plan of Action to Eliminate Child Labor in Tourism in Petra. - - - - - Continue to expand access to education for all children including non-Syrian refugees, including ensuring students have transportation, are able to purchase supplies and uniforms, extending school hours, and students are not bullied or harassed. - - - Ensure that Syrian refugees without documentation may enroll in school. - - - Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor in agriculture, construction, and street vending. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Moving Towards a Child Labor-Free Jordan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/moving-towards-child-labor-free-jordan - - - Promising Futures: Reducing Child Labor in Jordan Through Education and Sustainable Livelihoods - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promising-futures-reducing-child-labor-jordan-through-education-and-sustainable - - - Combating Exploitive Labor through Education (CECLE) in Jordan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jordan_CECLE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Jordan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jordan_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Kazakhstan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kazakhstan - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Kazakhstan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved additional funding for increasing the number of shelters for victims of human trafficking, including child victims, improved the bidding process through which shelter providers apply for government funding, and extended funding awards from 1 to 3 years. In addition, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection added forced labor indicators to labor inspection checklists, and updated labor inspectors' job descriptions to include detection and referral of potential forced labor cases to law enforcement. However, children in Kazakhstan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in markets. The government lacks current, comprehensive, and detailed research on child labor, including in cotton production. In addition, labor inspections of small enterprises are permitted only in cases that pose a mass threat to life and health, law and social order, or national security. - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.032 - 79690 - - - 5-14 - 0.907 - - - 7-14 - 0.036 - - - 1.02 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 19 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17‡ - No - Yes - - - - $3.1 million - 274 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 3982 - 228 - 5 - 5 - 5 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 19 - 19 - 4 - 3 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that minimum age provisions and hazardous work prohibitions apply to all children, including those working without an employment contract. - - - Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which children may engage in light work. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Lift the moratorium on labor inspections at small enterprises and ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections at such businesses as appropriate. - - - Strengthen the labor inspection system by eliminating barriers to unannounced onsite inspections. - - - Strengthen detection of child labor by ensuring that targeted enforcement efforts, such as raids or labor inspections, are undertaken throughout the year and in all sectors in which children are vulnerable to child labor. - - - Increase the number of human trafficking-focused law enforcement officers to ensure adequate enforcement of criminal prohibitions against the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Conduct research to gather comprehensive data on child labor, including the activities carried out by children working in agriculture, in construction, and in services, to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that all children have access to education, including children with irregular migration status and children with disabilities, and raise awareness in vulnerable communities about existing remedies for denial of school enrollment. - - - Institute programs to address child labor, particularly in the agriculture and service sectors. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Kenya - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kenya - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Kenya made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government took measures to reinvigorate its National Steering Committee on Child Labor, including by creating and convening the inaugural meeting of a Technical Working Committee, reinstituted county-level child labor committees, and increased the number of prosecutions for worst forms of child labor. In addition, the government enacted the National Prevention and Response Plan on Violence Against Children to coordinate multi-sectoral activity to address violence against children, including commercial sexual exploitation and other worst forms of child labor. However, children in Kenya are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic service and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Kenya has yet to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. In addition, the gap between the compulsory education age and minimum age for work leaves children ages 14–16 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Moreover, the government also has not committed sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Khat/Miraa (stimulant plant) - Yes - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - - - Sand - Yes - No - No - - - Sisal - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.356 - 3736030 - - - 5-14 - 0.858 - - - 7-14 - 0.23 - - - 0.997 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 14‡ - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - No - N/A - No - 4236 - 4236 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - N/A - No - 2 - 5 - 20 - 3 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Accede to the CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Ensure that light work provisions limit the number of hours for all light work activities. - - - Raise the compulsory education age to 17 to be equivalent to the minimum age for work. - - - - - Publish information about labor law enforcement efforts, the funding of the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspectors, the number of child labor violations, and the number of child labor violations in which penalties were imposed and collected. - - - Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including by training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and refresher courses. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection has sufficient financial and human resources to address labor violations. - - - Ensure that measures are taken to investigate and impose penalties for violations of child labor by government officials. - - - Ensure criminal law enforcement investigators receive refresher training. - - - Ensure that magistrates receive training on laws protecting children from the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies receive sufficient funding and are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Plan of Action for Children in Kenya during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish updated data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - End financial and training support for regional state armed groups in Somalia that recruit children, and hold perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. - - - Improve access to education by increasing the number of schools and teachers, enhancing the availability of hygiene facilities and products within schools, addressing sexual abuse in schools, and eliminating or defraying the cost of school fees, books, and uniforms. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and refugee children, by ensuring that pregnant girls can remain in school, improving access to birth registration documents, increasing the number of schools, and improving existing educational facilities in refugee camps. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network (GAN) National Networks - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa - - - Better Utilization of Skills for Youth through Quality Apprenticeships (BUSY) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/better-utilization-skills-youth-busy-through-quality-apprenticeships - - - Creating The Enabling Environment To Establish Models For Child Labor Free Areas In Kenya: Support To The Implementation Of The National Action Plan For The Elimination Of The Worst Forms Of Child Labor With Special Focus On Agriculture And Older Children - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/creating-enabling-environment-establish-models-child-labor-free-areas-kenya-support - - - Supporting the National Plan of Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Kenya - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Kenya_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Kiribati - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kiribati - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Kiribati made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government published results from the Social Development Indicator Survey conducted in 2018–2019, which provides statistics on child labor. In addition, the government established the Education Sector Contingency Plan for COVID-19 and secured a grant from the Global Partnership for Education to develop remote learning interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Kiribati engage in dangerous tasks in construction and street vending. Existing laws do not identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children, and do not prohibit the domestic trafficking of children. In addition, the government has not adopted a national policy to combat the worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.009 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 5 - Yes - No - N/A - No - 63 - 63 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 63 - No - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that the law specifies the activities and number of hours of work per week that are acceptable for children engaged in light work, and the conditions under which children can engage in light work. - - - Establish law that prohibits the domestic trafficking of children and the various acts involved in recruitment, harboring, transportation, transfer, and receipt of child trafficking. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Publish information on the labor inspectorate's funding. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring sufficient resources to support labor law enforcement activities and initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - - - Institutionalize training on child labor laws for labor inspectors and criminal investigators, including initial training for new inspectors and investigators and refresher courses. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in all sectors to inform policies and programs. - - - Implement social programs to address all relevant forms of child labor, including in construction and street vending. - - - Implement programs to address the issue of commercial sexual exploitation of young girls with crew members from foreign fishing vessels. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Kosovo - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kosovo - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Kosovo made a moderate advancement to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government drafted multiple regulations for the implementation of the Law on Child Protection to address child labor in the informal sector. The Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare also began conducting a survey on children engaged in hazardous work and the Committee for Prevention and Elimination of Hazardous Forms of Child Labor drafted an action plan for central- and local-level institutions and civil society organizations on how to coordinate efforts to prevent hazardous child labor. In addition, the government passed the Strategy on the Rights of the Child, which provides a policy framework for the protection of children's rights, including child labor. Moreover, the government worked with UNICEF to launch a new program that aims to increase the availability of early childhood education and promote inclusion of children with disabilities into the education system. However, children in Kosovo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work, including loading and transportation of goods and begging. The Labor Inspectorate and Centers for Social Work also face financial and human resource constraints, which may impede their ability to adequately address child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.954 - - - 7-14 - 0.131 - - - Unavailable - - - - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - 983813 - 37 - Yes - N/A - Yes - Yes - 7105 - 7105 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - 62 - 79 - 37 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Criminalize the use of children in prostitution. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to children in informal work. - - - - - Ensure that Centers for Social Work have sufficient capacity and resources, such as shelter and short-term care services, personnel, and training to address the specific needs of child labor victims. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors conduct child labor inspections on private farms and in areas with ethnic Serb majorities. - - - NA - - - Incorporate topics on child labor, including hazardous child labor, in both new employee training and refresher courses; ensure trainings on new child labor laws for all labor inspectors. - - - Ensure Kosovo Police authorities are trained to identify cases of forced begging as child labor instead of parental neglect or abuse. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of convictions and penalties imposed. - - - NA - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Strategy for the Inclusion of Roma and Ashkali Communities. - - - Ensure that the National Strategy Against Human Trafficking for 2020–2024 is implemented. - - - Ensure that the annual Action Plan Against Human Trafficking is implemented. - - - Ensure that the Kosovo Education Strategic Plan is active. - - - Ensure that the Regulation on the Implementation of the Rights of Children through a Child-Friendly Municipal Governance System is active. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by making additional efforts to register Ashkali, Balkan Egyptian, and Roma children at birth. - - - Increase the number of shelter spaces and short-term services available for child labor victims. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - - - Kyrgyz Republic - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kyrgyz-republic - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law and Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, the Kyrgyz Republic made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government ratified International Labor Organization P029, Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention, and drafted a National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons for 2021–2024. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, the Kyrgyz Republic is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a law and practice that delays advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. The government extended a 2019 moratorium on labor inspections until 2022. Although the government amended this moratorium in 2020 to permit labor inspections based on formal complaints, the Ministry of Economy must approve worksite visits associated with such inspections, and in practice, it announces these visits in advance. As a result, unannounced inspections remain severely restricted. Children in the Kyrgyz Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Protections to children granted in the Labor Code, such as the minimum age of employment, are not extended to children engaged in non-contractual employment, and research indicated that labor law enforcement efforts are not targeted to all sectors in which children are vulnerable to child labor, especially agriculture. In addition, the scope of social programs to combat child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.947 - - - 7-14 - 0.384 - - - 1.086 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 27 - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - 206 - 7 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 9 - 9 - 2 - 0 - Yes - N/A - - - - - Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions apply to all children, including those working without an employment contract. - - - Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution, and ensure that laws prohibiting offering of children for prostitution cover all children under age 18. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which children may undertake light work. - - - - - Lift the moratorium on labor inspections and ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections, and assesses penalties as appropriate. - - - Publish complete information about the State Inspectorate on Ecological and Technical Safety's efforts to enforce prohibitions on child labor, including information on the Inspectorate's funding, the number of labor inspections conducted, and the number of penalties assessed and collected. - - - Strengthen the labor inspection system by providing child labor training for new labor inspectors, and provide to all labor inspectors refresher courses on child labor that include information about changes to child labor laws. - - - Ensure that child labor violations identified by criminal enforcement agencies are appropriately referred to the State Inspectorate on Ecological and Technical Safety, and that penalties are assessed as appropriate. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice and ensure thatinspectors have adequate resources to conduct inspections. - - - Conduct targeted inspections in all sectors in which children are highly vulnerable to child labor, including agriculture. - - - Ensure thatthe State Inspectorate on Ecological and Technical Safety and relevant social services providers have the capacity to adequately implement the child labor complaint mechanism. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies investigate and prosecute violations related to the worst forms of child labor, including cases of possible police complicity in abusing victims. - - - - - Ensure that the procedures for needs assessment of the Children's Affairs Commission are appropriate for traumatized children, including children who were engaged in the worst forms of child labor. - - - Strengthen the Children's Affairs Commission by empowering relevant social services providers to assist, as appropriate, with investigations related to child labor. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Implement a comprehensive policy to address all relevant forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all children have access to free education, including children with disabilities, those living and working on the street, those lacking residence registration, and those without birth certificates and guardianship documents. - - - Ensure that social programs, such as the Cash Transfer Program, provide sufficient benefits to reduce vulnerability to child labor and are accessible to families. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in commercial sexual exploitation and in agriculture, including cultivating cotton. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Lebanon - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/lebanon - Middle East and North Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Lebanon made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting year, the Internal Security Forces reported conducting two training sessions, one for social violence and child labor and a separate training for junior officers who will be in charge of judicial investigations in regional units. However, children in Lebanon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in construction and in forced labor in agriculture, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in the production of potatoes and tobacco. Laws related to forced labor do not meet international standards as there is no legislative provision that provides criminal penalties for forced labor, and debt bondage is not criminally prohibited. Furthermore, the Ministry of Labor’s budget was unable to cover equipment, personnel, and transportation costs to conduct inspections. In addition, labor inspectors do not have the authority to inspect informal workplaces, in which child labor in Lebanon is most prominent, and programs targeting child labor remained insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. - - - Potatoes - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 34 - No - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 98 - 98 - Unknown - 1 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Accede to the CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict, which the government signed in 2002. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including informal workers, domestic workers, and all agricultural workers. - - - Ensure that the use of a child in commercial sexual exploitation is criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that forced labor and debt bondage are criminally prohibited. - - - - - Ensure that there is an adequate mechanism to receive and log child labor complaints and refer them for investigation. - - - Track and publish information on labor law enforcement. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Provide Ministry of Labor inspectors with proper funding and the necessary transportation. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Publish information on criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including the number of prosecutions initiated. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies, including the Internal Security Forces' anti-trafficking unit, have the necessary funding and staff to investigate and prosecute criminal cases of child labor in accordance with the law. - - - - - Ensure that the National Steering Committee on Child Labor meets and carries out its duties. - - - - - Ensure that the Work Plan to Prevent and Respond to the Association of Children with Armed Violence in Lebanon is implemented, and that children previously associated with armed conflict receive social and rehabilitation services. - - - Ensure that government policies on child labor are implemented. - - - Adopt a new action plan to combat the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs.​ - - - Ensure access to public education for all children, including refugees, by improving transportation, addressing bullying and harassment, accommodating students with disabilities, and improving facilities. - - - Expand programs, including social services for human trafficking victims, to fully address the extent of child labor, including in construction and forced labor in agriculture. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Alternatives to Combat Child Labor Through Education and Sustainable Services in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/MidEast_LebanonYemen_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the National Policy and Program Framework for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (WFCL) in Lebanon and Yemen: Consolidating Action against WFCL - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/MidEast_LebanonYemen_IPEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Lesotho - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/lesotho - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Lesotho made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Lesotho’s legislature passed an amendment to the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act that removes the requirement for proof of force, fraud, or coercion even in the case of sex trafficking for minors; the addition of this amendment brings the law up to international standards. The National Police also established the Trafficking in Persons and Migrant Control Unit within the Lesotho Mounted Police Service to oversee human trafficking cases. In addition, multiple trainings were conducted during the reporting period that included: Strategies to Combat Forced Labor; Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking; Countering Trafficking and Victim Identification; and National Shock Responsive Social Protection for the Multisector Impacts of COVID-19. However, children in Lesotho are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in animal herding and domestic work. Lesotho’s compulsory education age is below the minimum age for work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The government also lacks sufficient coordination mechanisms to combat child labor, and labor inspections are not conducted in high-risk sectors, including the informal sector. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.938 - - - 7-14 - 0.321 - - - 0.856 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 13‡ - No - No - - - - 796465 - 31 - No - No - No - Yes - 437 - 437 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - N/A - No - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - No - - - - - Establish age 15 as the age up to which education is compulsory to match the minimum age for full-time work. - - - - - Provide adequate funding and training for labor inspectors to carry out mandated duties. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive an adequate amount of funding, training, and resources with which to conduct inspections and investigations. - - - Ensure that labor inspections are conducted in all relevant sectors, including the informal sector. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate is authorized to assess penalties, including those related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all Coordination Teams are active and undertaking activities in support of their missions. - - - - - Ensure that there is a policy for the elimination of child labor to replace the expiredNational Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor. - - - Ensure that all actions plans are active and being implemented according to their mandates. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies in existing youth policies, such as the Education Sector Strategic Plan. - - - - - Institute programs that address factors that promote child labor, including the high HIV rate in adults. - - - Ensure that children with disabilities have equal access to education. - - - Address educational and logistical gaps resulting in reduced opportunities for secondary education, including the shortage of teachers and schools and secondary school fees. - - - Increase birth registrations of children to reduce their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem and ensure that this information is publicly available. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 - - - - - Liberia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/liberia - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Liberia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the labor inspectorate conducted 1,200 inspections at worksites in 2020, including over 100 unannounced labor inspections, compared to an estimated 236 inspections in 2019. In addition, the government investigated two suspected cases of child trafficking, initiated or advanced the prosecution of three cases, and convicted one individual who awaits sentencing. However, children in Liberia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of rubber and the mining of gold and diamonds. In addition, Liberia has yet to accede to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child's Protocol on Armed Conflict and the Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography, and the minimum age for work is not in compliance with international standards. Moreover, social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem in the country. - - - Diamonds - Yes - No - No - - - Rubber - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.166 - 136340 - 0.784 - 0.042 - 0.174 - - - 5-14 - 0.759 - - - 7-14 - 0.14 - - - 0.606 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - - Unknown - 49 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 1200 - 1200 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 2 - Unknown - 3 - 1 - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the compulsory education age to be consistent with the minimum age for employment. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Accede to the UN Protocol on Minimum Age. - - - - - Ensure that penalties for employing children under the minimum age for work are stringent enough to deter violations. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those who are employed less than full time and those who are working outside of school hours. - - - Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s funding and the number of child labor violations found. - - - Ensure labor inspections are conducted in all sectors in which children work. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor violations. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate’s complaint and referral mechanism is adequately supported and operational. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor, including the violations found and the penalties applied. - - - Ensure adequate funding for child labor enforcement agencies, such as the Ministry of Labor, the Liberia National Police, and the Women and Children Protection Section, and provide necessary training for such officials to enforce child labor laws. - - - Disaggregate the child endangerment cases prosecuted through the Ministry of Justice to determine the number of cases related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure adequate funding for the National Commission on Child Labor's program activities to address child labor. - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies, including the Anti-Human Trafficking Task Force, are implementing effective case referral mechanisms. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies. - - - Publish information about the activities taken to implement policies that address child labor. - - - - - Collect and publish comprehensive research data to determine child labor activities and to inform policies and programs. - - - Improve access to education by subsidizing the cost of school-related costs and reduce barriers to education by building additional schools, addressing sexual abuse in schools, and providing adequate transportation. - - - Ensure that children do not leave school before the completion of compulsory education. - - - Expand existing social programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially in forced domestic work, the production of rubber, prostitution, and the mining of gold and diamonds. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Actions to Reduce Child Labor (ARCH) in Areas of Rubber Production - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/actions-reduce-child-labor-arch-areas-rubber-production - - - CYCLE - Countering Youth and Child Labor through Education in Sierra Leone and Liberia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_CYCLE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Madagascar - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/madagascar - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Madagascar made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. A national task force created to protect children developed an online portal enabling the public to report cases of child exploitation. Meanwhile, the National Bureau to Combat Human Trafficking conducted an assessment of the expired national action plan to combat human trafficking and finalized a new plan during the reporting period. In response to international reporting, the government drafted a national action plan to combat child labor in the mica sector. Finally, Madagascar expanded services provided through support and reintegration programs by creating new support centers in the cities of Toliara and Tolagnaro. Although Madagascar made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, the government failed to investigate reports of some officials issuing false identity documents to minors in exchange for bribes from tourists seeking to engage in sex with underage girls. Children in Madagascar are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the mica mining sector and in agriculture, including in the production of vanilla. Limited resources for the enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor, and social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. - - - Mica - Yes - No - No - - - Sapphires - Yes - No - No - - - Stones - Yes - No - No - - - Vanilla - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.688 - - - 7-14 - 0.338 - - - 0.633 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16‡ - No - Yes - - - - 31820 - 147 - Yes - Yes - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Investigate and prosecute public officials who are allegedly complicit in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Publish complete enforcement information related to child labor, including the number and types of labor inspections conducted and the number of violations found. - - - Ensure that inspectors and criminal law enforcement officials receive appropriate and regular training on child labor issues. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives adequate funding to enforce child labor laws and to conduct a sufficient number of inspections, including in rural and agricultural areas. - - - Ensure that inspectors regularly exercise their authority to conduct routine unannounced inspections rather than conduct inspections primarily in response to complaints. - - - Ensure that children are removed from child labor situations and that penalties for child labor violations are applied. - - - Enhance the effectiveness of existing complaint hotline databases by gathering separate data on child labor-related complaints. - - - Disseminate and enforce the new decree expanding the list of hazardous occupations for children. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement data on the types of trainings conducted, the number of violations found, the number of investigations and prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions achieved with respect to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient staff, equipment, and transportation to combat the worst forms of child labor. - - - Strengthen the court systems to ensure perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor are properly investigated, prosecuted, and sentenced. - - - - - Ensure that relevant coordinating mechanisms are adequately funded and are actively implementing their mandates. - - - - - Ensure that policies related to child labor are implemented, and report on yearly actions taken. - - - Develop and adopt a new National Action Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor, and finalize new versions of expired policies, such as the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including those in rural communities, by removing fees for supplies and school-related costs, increasing school infrastructure and transportation services, hiring sufficiently qualified teachers, and ensuring children’s safety in schools. - - - Ensure that social protection systems have adequate funding to provide appropriate services to victims of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Expand the scope of programs to address child labor in agriculture and the worst forms of child labor in agriculture, commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, begging, and mining. - - - Collect and publish comprehensive data on child labor prevalence in Madagascar. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Eliminating Child Labor in Mica-Producing Communities and Promoting Responsible Mica Sourcing in Madagascar and Globally (MICA) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labor-mica-producing-communities-and-promoting-responsible-mica - - - Supporting Sustainable and Child Labor Free Vanilla-Growing Communities in SAVA (SAVABE) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-sustainable-and-child-labor-free-vanilla-growing-communities-sava-savabe - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor in Madagascar - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Madagascar_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Madagascar – IPEC's Contribution to the National Action Plan to Eliminate Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Madagascar_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Malawi - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/malawi - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Malawi made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government brought into force the International Labor Organization 2014 Protocol to the Forced Labor Convention and the 2001 Safety and Health in Agricultural Convention, which increase protections against forced labor and child labor in agriculture, respectively. The government also adopted an updated National Action Plan on the Elimination of Child Labor, established district-level coordinating committees to improve responses to child trafficking at the local level, and, with the support of the International Labor Organization, launched a 4 year initiative to address decent work deficits in the tobacco sector, including elimination of child labor. In addition, criminal law enforcement officers increased the number of investigations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. However, children in Malawi are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the harvesting of tobacco and in commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, minimum age laws do not meet international standards because protections do not extend to children working in private homes and non-commercial farms. Prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities also do not meet international standards. Moreover, gaps continue to exist in labor law enforcement related to child labor, including financial resource allocation. - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - 0.677 - 0.014 - 0.309 - - - 5-14 - 0.899 - - - 7-14 - 0.454 - - - 0.803 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - N/A - No - 9 - 16 - 15 - 12 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure legal protection for children working in the tenancy system. - - - Ensure that all forms of children’s work, including work conducted by children in private homes (domestic services) and on non-commercial farms, receive legal protection, including a minimum age for work that complies with international standards. - - - Raise the minimum age for work from 14 years to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Criminalize the use of children in illicit activities, particularly in producing and trafficking drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Increase resources to the labor inspectorate to conduct regular labor inspections, including in remote and rural areas. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Malawi meets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Institutionalize training for criminal law enforcement investigators, including providing refresher courses. - - - Ensure that children who are victims of commercial sexual exploitation do not fall victim to sexual extortion and are not arrested or detained. - - - - - Ensure that there is standardized approach and guidance to training and responding to child labor to strengthen coordination and referral mechanisms. - - - - - Make publicly available key national policies, including the National Action Plan on the Elimination of Child Labor and the National Action Plan for the Child. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Children's Policy and the National Action Plan for the Child during the reporting period. - - - Adopt national child labor and child protection policies, with consideration to child labor in agriculture, domestic services, and other sectors in which children in Malawi are working. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education Sector Plan and the National Youth Policy. - - - - - Ensure that additional educational costs, inadequate school infrastructure and number of teachers, long travel distances to reach schools, exposure to sexual violence, and the impact of HIV/AIDS do not serve as barriers to education. - - - Ensure that all children are registered at birth, and increase efforts to register children who are not issued birth certificates at birth. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Child Labor Monitoring Systems and the Orphans and Vulnerable Children Intervention during the reporting period. - - - Improve harmonization of child labor prevention and elimination measures into the National Social Cash Transfer Program to increase its effectiveness in preventing and removing children from child labor. - - - Increase the scope of existing social programs to reach more children at risk of the worst forms of child labor, and develop specific programs to target children in agriculture and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 - - - Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Project of Support to the National Action Plan (NAP) to Combat Child Labour in Malawi - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-support-national-action-plan-nap-combat-child-labour-malawi - - - Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor in Malawi - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Malawi_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations - - - - - Malaysia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/malaysia - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Protecting the Rights of Migrant Workers through Empowerment and Advocacy in Malaysia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protecting-rights-migrant-workers-through-empowerment-and-advocacy-malaysia - - - Research on Labor Conditions in the Production of Electronic Goods in Malaysia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/research-labor-conditions-production-electronic-goods-malaysia - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - - - Electronics - No - Yes - No - - - Garments - No - Yes - No - - - Oil (Palm) - Yes - Yes - No - - - Rubber Gloves - No - Yes - No - - - - - Maldives - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/maldives - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Maldives made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In February 2020, the government enacted a new Child Rights Protection Act that criminalizes child labor below the age of 16 and child exploitation, including the use of children to sell drugs. The government also enacted a new Education Act in November 2020 that provides for free public education. During the reporting period, the government reported 335 incidents of commercial sexual exploitation involving children, of which 120 cases resulted in prosecution, and 65 incidents of children being used in illicit activities, including drug trafficking, of which 20 cases were prosecuted. The government also increased the labor inspectorate budget from $572,984 to $929,457. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Maldives are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government has not determined specific hazardous occupations or activities that are prohibited for children, and the law does not sufficiently prohibit the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Moreover, the government does not have a policy or program to address all relevant worst forms of child labor in the country. - - - - 5-14 - 0.039 - 2364 - - - 5-14 - 0.795 - - - 7-14 - 0.04 - - - 0.917 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 929457 - 17 - Yes - No - N/A - No - 62 - 62 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - N/A - No - 400 - 351 - 140 - 0 - Yes - No - - - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Criminally prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children, including procuring, offering, and using children for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive training that specifically focuses on child labor issues, including training for new employees and refresher courses. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws, including to cover the substantial travel expenses entailed by conducting inspections in the outlying islands. - - - Ensure that there is sufficient coordination between the labor inspectorate and the Maldives Inland Revenue Authority so that fines authorized by the labor inspectorate are collected. - - - Provide sufficient funding and training to the police and prosecutors, and ensure that investigators have the resources necessary to enforce laws on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement imposes penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal investigations are disaggregated by type of exploitation related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that the Maldives Police Service and social services providers receive training on the differences between sex trafficking and sexual abuse, especially in cases involving children. - - - - - Adopt a policy to address all relevant forms of child labor, including domestic work and trafficking of drugs. - - - - - Conduct and publish a national child labor survey and research on the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking of children. - - - Publish information about activities undertaken to implement social programs. - - - Provide sufficient funding, human resources, and staff training for Family and Child Service centers and shelters that serve abused and exploited children. - - - Implement and provide sufficient resources for programs that address the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, the use of children for drug trafficking, and forced labor in domestic work. - - - - - No - No - No - - - - Mali - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mali - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Mali made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Mali took steps to prevent children from being recruited and used by the Malian Armed Forces, issuing orders prohibiting the use of children under the age of 15 and banning children from military camps. Mali also enacted a decree permitting the implementation of the mining code, which prohibits child labor in artisanal gold mines. In addition, the government published data on its labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of labor inspections conducted and violations identified. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mali is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it implemented a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The government provided support to non-state armed groups that recruited and used child soldiers in Mali. Children in Mali are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and in armed conflict. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in the production of cotton and rice, and in artisanal gold mining. Although Mali's 2012 Trafficking in Persons Law criminalizes trafficking for the purpose of slavery, it does not more broadly criminalize the act of slavery; this law does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities, and allows children under the age of 18 to be penalized as a direct result of forced recruitment by armed groups. In addition, resource constraints severely limited the Malian authorities’ ability to fully implement the National Plan to Combat Child Labor, and social and rehabilitation services for victims of the worst forms of child labor remain inadequate. - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.433 - - - 7-14 - 0.26 - - - 0.496 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - 123555 - 113 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 571 - 571 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that draft anti-trafficking in persons and migrant smuggling legislation bills are finalized and adopted. - - - Ensure that the Labor Code establishes a minimum age no younger than age 13 for light work and specifies the conditions under which light work may be undertaken, in accordance with international standards. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits hereditary slavery in addition to other forms of forced labor. - - - Criminally prohibit the use, procurement, or offering of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs, in accordance with international standards. - - - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups and in any armed conflict. - - - Ensure that the specific ages of children protected by the Inter-Ministerial Circular on the Prevention, Protection, and Rehabilitation of Child Soldiers is in compliance with international standards, and ensure that children under age 18 are not penalized as a result of being subjected to forced recruitment into armed conflict. - - - - - Increase labor inspectorate funding and resources, including equipment and transportation to carry out inspections, especially in remote areas of northern Mali. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient enforcement officials throughout the country and that they receive additional training, transportation, and equipment necessary to adequately enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Publish information on enforcement efforts, including the number of children removed from child labor situations as a result of labor inspections, child labor violations found, child labor penalties imposed and collected, training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and the number of penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that children are identified and removed from worksites in which they are subjected to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that children are not imprisoned for their association with armed groups, and that they are not kept in detention centers with adults. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement, including whether training on new laws was provided, and whether penalties for violations of the worst forms of child labor were imposed. - - - Implement the provisions of the Inter-Ministerial Circular and the UN-signed Protocol, which require that children in detention for their association with armed groups be transferred to social services or to UN child protection agencies for appropriate reintegration and social protection services. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement efforts related to child labor are properly funded and resourced. - - - Ensure that government officials are sanctioned and held accountable for interference in legal cases related to crimes of the worst forms of child labor, including in cases of slavery and the recruitment and use of child soldiers. - - - Ensure that perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor are prosecuted and convicted in accordance with the law. - - - Ensure that the government does not support non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Clarify roles for coordinating mechanisms combating child labor, and improve coordination among relevant agencies. - - - - - Ensure that the National Plan to Combat Child Labor is implemented, including by allocating sufficient financial and human resources. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Ensure that the Malian Armed Forces do not recruit any children. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and those living in conflict-affected areas, by removing school-related fees, expanding school infrastructure, increasing teacher availability, providing free school supplies, and taking measures to ensure the safety of children and teachers in schools. - - - Increase birth registration rates to ensure that children have access to social services, including education. - - - Ensure that the military and non-state armed groups do not occupy schools. - - - Institute new programs to address child labor in all relevant sectors, including domestic work, forced begging, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that government social services have sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care for victims of the worst forms of child labor, including for children used in armed conflict. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - West Africa Regional Mining - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Other: External Audits of USDOL Funded Projects - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_RoundV_IPEC_FY08_0.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 - - - Support for the Preparation of the Mali Timebound Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mali_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - A Better Future for Mali's Children: Combating Child Trafficking Through Education in Mali - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mali_Trafficking_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Mauritania - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mauritania - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Policy and Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Mauritania made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a new NGO law (No. 2021-004) that eased requirements for registering non-governmental organizations, potentially helping advance human rights and anti-slavery organizations to be officially recognized. The government also adopted a new Human Trafficking Law (No. 2020/17), and amended the Law on Migrant Smuggling (No. 2010-021) that will support efforts to combat trafficking and addressing smuggling of migrants. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mauritania is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a policy and a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Although there were indications of progress, criminal law enforcement authorities did not make adequate efforts to combat slavery and its vestiges during the reporting period. The government prosecuted four defendants and convicted three traffickers in slavery-related cases in the Nouadhibou Anti-Slavery Court, but the government did not initiate any new investigations in 2020. In addition, since 2011, the government has required proof of marriage and biological parents’ citizenship for children to obtain a birth certificate. As a result, children born out of wedlock and many Haratine and Sub-Saharan ethnic minority children, including those of slave descent, have been prevented from being registered at birth. Because birth certificates are required for enrollment in secondary school in Mauritania, children as young as age 12 cannot access education, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Mauritania are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in indentured and hereditary slavery. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. The government did not make sufficient efforts to enforce some laws related to the worst forms of child labor, including laws on hereditary slavery. In addition, a lack of financial resources and mitigation measures intended to limit the spread of COVID-19 severely limited the government's ability to fully implement policies, and social programs to combat the worst forms of child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. Moreover, the government did not publish comprehensive information about its labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - - - Goats - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.683 - - - 7-14 - 0.158 - - - 0.729 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - - 33300 - 72 - Yes - Yes - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - N/A - No - N/A - N/A - 0 - 0 - Yes - N/A - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children, including in sectors in which child labor is known to occur. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the conditions in which such work may be undertaken. - - - Raise the compulsory education age to align with the minimum age for work. - - - Ensure that the new NGO law allows for newly registered civil society organizations to have the ability to immediately file criminal court cases on behalf of former slaves. - - - - - Increase training and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, including the Anti-Slavery Courts, to adequately enforce labor laws, especially in remote areas and in the informal sector. - - - Strengthen the labor inspection system by authorizing the labor inspectorate to assess penalties and initiate routine and targeted inspections, rather than performing inspections based solely on complaints received. - - - Ensure that penalties are high enough to deter the violation of child labor laws. - - - Ensure that routine inspections are conducted. - - - Ensure that there is close coordination and collaboration between all enforcement agencies in the Mauritanian Government. - - - Increase efforts to ensure that cases of the worst forms of child labor, including hereditary slavery and forced begging, are investigated and prosecuted in accordance with the law. - - - Ensure that judicial sector officials have the proper training and awareness of slavery issues, and that they do not improperly dismiss or fail to refer cases to the Anti-Slavery Courts. - - - Ensure that information on criminal law enforcement efforts and data are collected and published each year. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number and types of inspections conducted, the number of child labor law violations found, and the number of penalties assessed and collected. - - - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor participates in the National Child Protection Council. - - - - - Ensure that key policies related to child labor receive sufficient resources, including funds, for effective implementation. - - - - - Expand the scope of programs to address child labor, including in agriculture, herding, and domestic work, and the worst forms of child labor, including hereditary and indentured slavery. - - - Implement a continuous awareness-raising program for government officials on the laws related to slavery and the worst forms of child labor. - - - Conduct research and collect data on slavery to inform the development of effective policies and programs to identify and protect children who are at risk. - - - Increase funding for social programs that provide services to former slaves. - - - Ensure that all children are able to obtain birth certificates to increase their access to secondary education and reduce their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase funding dedicated to school infrastructure and teacher availability, especially in rural areas, to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including those from families of slave descent and refugees. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - - - Mauritius - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mauritius - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Mauritius made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the National Assembly passed the long-awaited Children's Bill, which includes more robust provisions related to child prostitution and child pornography violations. Also passed was the Children's Court Bill, which sets out to ensure a child-friendly environment during court proceedings and establishes a Criminal Division with jurisdiction over sexual offences against children. In addition, the National Assembly voted to approve the Child Sex Offender Register Bill, which establishes the Child Sex Offender Register that will assist in monitoring, tracking, and investigating sexual offences against children. However, children in Mauritius are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities. Children also engage in child labor in construction and street work. Minimum age protections apply only to children with written or formal employment contracts, leaving self-employed children and children working outside of formal employment relationships vulnerable to exploitation. There are also many barriers to education access, especially for children with disabilities. In addition, gaps remain in the implementation of key policies and social programs related to child labor, including the worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.985 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 1685568 - 114 - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 1406 - 1406 - 0 - 1 - 1 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 3 - 3 - 0 - 1 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law's minimum age provisions apply to all children, including those who are self-employed. - - - Ensure that all forms of forced labor are criminally prohibited. - - - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties. - - - Ensure that labor inspections are conducted in all sectors in which children work, and assess penalties for child labor violations. - - - Allow labor inspectors to conduct unannounced inspections on private properties and throughout the informal sector. - - - Increase the amount of training, human resources, and funding for agencies responsible for enforcing criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that penalties for the worst forms of child labor, including sexual abuse or exploitation of a child, are commensurate with those for other serious crimes. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure that coordination mechanismsto combat the worst forms of child laborshare information and policy-making decisions, improve coordination, and prevent overlap. - - - Ensure a coordinating body exists that comprehensively addresses child labor. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Adopt a comprehensive National Action Plan to combat human trafficking. - - - Annually publish activities undertaken to implement key policies designed to address child labor. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in Mauritius to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that all children, including those with disabilities, have equal access to education. - - - Ensure that child victims of commercial sexual exploitation have access to comprehensive and quality social services and standards of care. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Eradication of Absolute Poverty Program during the reporting period. - - - Conduct research to further identify children's activities in farming to inform policies and programs. - - - Publish activities undertaken by the National Children's Council during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Evidence to Action: Increasing the Impact of Research to Mobilize Efforts against Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/evidence-action-increasing-impact-research-mobilize-efforts-against-forced-labor - - - - - Mexico - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mexico - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2020, Mexico made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government published the 2019 National Child Labor Survey, the results of which will be used to develop policies and programs to combat child labor. In addition, it ratified International Labor Organization Convention C. 189 on Domestic Workers, and revised the Migration Law and Refugee Assistance and Asylum Law to prioritize the rights of migrant and refugee children, including prohibiting the detention of children in migrant centers and ensuring migrant and refugee children have educational access. Moreover, state governments investigated and prosecuted at least 199 child trafficking cases. The government also approved the creation of a national network of Local Committees to Prevent and Eradicate Child Labor and Protect Adolescent Workers of the Permitted Age to improve coordination efforts to address the worst forms of child labor at the municipal and local levels. Further, it published the National Program on Human Rights 2020–2024 and the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare's National Program for 2020–2024. However, children in Mexico are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of chile peppers, coffee, sugarcane, and tomatoes. The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the Mexican economy, resulting in a significant increase in the number of children engaging in child labor. Although nearly 60 percent of all employment in Mexico occurs in the informal sector, federal and some state-level labor inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector only after receiving formal complaints. In addition, labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lacked human and financial resources to adequately enforce labor and criminal laws, and the government did not publish complete information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Social programs to combat child labor do not address all relevant sectors in which child labor is found in Mexico. - - - Beans (green beans) - Yes - No - No - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - - - Chile Peppers - Yes - Yes - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Cucumbers - Yes - No - No - - - Eggplants - Yes - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - No - No - - - Leather Goods - Yes - No - No - - - Melons - Yes - No - No - - - Onions - Yes - No - No - - - Poppies - Yes - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - Tomatoes - Yes - Yes - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.975 - - - 7-14 - 0.044 - - - 1.023 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 1420784 - 447 - Yes - Yes - N/A - No - 29177 - 29177 - 1 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 601 - Unknown - Unknown - 43 - Yes - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors in accordance with the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. - - - Conduct refresher trainings and train federal and state-level labor inspectors on the Labor Inspection Protocol to Eradicate Child Labor and Protect Adolescent Workers and ensure its guidelines related to identifying and sanctioning child labor violations are followed. - - - Ensure that the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare at the federal and state levels conduct targeted routine and unannounced labor inspections in all sectors, including in the informal sector and in rural areas. - - - Improve coordination and information sharing between federal and state-level labor inspectorates. - - - Publish information at the federal and state level on the number of child labor violations found, the number of child labor penalties imposed and collected, and the number of unannounced inspections conducted. - - - Establish a case tracking system to ensure that violations of child labor laws are recorded and victims of child labor are referred to the appropriate services. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive sufficient funding to conduct investigations and prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor and provide services to victims. - - - Increase coordination among government ministries to ensure adequate criminal prosecutions of perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase training for enforcement officials, prosecutors, and judges to ensure adequate criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish information at the federal and state level on the number of investigations and prosecutions initiated and convictions secured, and disaggregate the number of prosecutions initiated and number of convictions secured by the number of cases involving children. - - - - - Ensure that coordination mechanisms to combat child labor meet regularly and are adequately funded. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all worst forms of child labor such as child trafficking, and the use of children in commercial sexual exploitation and in illicit activities. - - - - - Expand access to education by increasing school infrastructure, providing education materials and instruction in native languages, and ensuring that all children are able to attend school, including those in migrant or indigenous communities. - - - Ensure that unaccompanied migrant children are placed in child protection centers instead of detention centers and receive access to education. - - - Remove children from organized criminal groups and ensure that they are provided with adequate social services. - - - Ensure that government agencies addressing migrant and refugee populations effectively coordinate and are adequately funded to carry out their mandates. - - - Ensure that the Benito Juárez Wellbeing Scholarship Program provides sufficient assistance to vulnerable students and receives regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure effective implementation. - - - Implement or expand social protection programs throughout the country for victims of child labor in all relevant sectors, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment (COFFEE) Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project - - - Improving Workers' Occupational Safety and Health in Selected Supply Chains in Mexico - A Vision Zero Fund - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/improving-workers-occupational-safety-and-health-selected-supply-chains-mexico-vision - - - Equal Accesss to Quality Jobs for Women and Girls (EQUAL) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/equal-equal-access-quality-jobs-women-and-girls-mexico - - - Senderos: Sembrando Derechos, Cosechando Mejores Futuros - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/senderos-sembrando-derechos-cosechando-mejores-futuros - - - Campos de Esperanza (Fields of Hope) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/campos-de-esperanza-fields-hope - - - "Stop Child Labor in Agriculture:" Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Mexico in the Agricultural Sector, with Special Focus on Migrant Indigenous Children - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/stop-child-labor-agriculture-contribution-prevention-and-elimination-child-labor - - - Support for the Prevention and Elimination of the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) and the Protection of CSEC Victims in Mexico - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mexico_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Moldova - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/moldova - Europe and Eurasia - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law and Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Moldova made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In January 2021, Parliament adopted Law No. 191, which reversed changes that had delegated responsibility for occupational safety and health inspections to 10 smaller agencies and returned it to the State Labor Inspectorate. The government also enacted legislation aimed at preventing exploitation of children separated from their parents, usually due to labor migration. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Moldova is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law and practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In August 2018, the government amended Law No. 131 through Law No. 179, such that unannounced inspections, even those based on a complaint or at the request of law enforcement or other state bodies, are permitted only on the basis of a risk assessment that indicates an immediate threat to the environment, life, health, or property. This stringent measure continues to severely limit the State Labor Inspectorate's ability to conduct unannounced inspections. In addition, inspections are only permitted after the State Labor Inspectorate first requests and receives insufficient documentation from the business being inspected or after conducting a risk assessment that finds reasonable indicators of a possible violation. When responding to a complaint, inspectors are not authorized to take action for labor violations they may see which fall outside the scope of the complaint. Children in Moldova are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Training is needed for new criminal investigators, and entities responsible for conducting occupational safety and health inspections, including of hazardous child labor, lack adequate capacity to do so. In addition, there is a lack of social programs to address child trafficking and child labor in agriculture. - - - - 5-14 - 0.243 - 102105 - 0.973 - 0.006 - 0.022 - - - 5-14 - 0.921 - - - 7-14 - 0.29 - - - 0.88 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 795613 - 78 - No - Yes - No - Yes - 2153 - 1330 - 19 - 2 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - 16 - 32 - 21 - 1 - Yes - No - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that entities responsible for conducting occupational safety and health inspections have the training and capacity to carry out these inspections in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur so that child labor violations are accurately detected. - - - Strengthen the labor inspection system by eliminating barriers for onsite inspections and conducting unannounced inspections. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are empowered to identify and assess penalties for child labor violations detected during inspections, even if the inspection was not conducted in response to a child labor complaint. - - - Clearly define the responsibilities of the Child Labor Monitoring Unit and ensure that it is fullyempowered to coordinate the State Labor Inspectorate’s efforts to detect and respond to child laborviolations. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors and funding for the State Labor Inspectorate to ensure that it provides inspectors with the financial resources necessary to inspect for child labor. - - - Reduce procedural requirements for filing child labor complaints and permit such complaints to be made anonymously. - - - Publish information on the number of child labor violations detected during occupational safety and health inspections conducted by sectoral regulating agencies. - - - Ensure that investigators, including police officers and Committee for Combating Trafficking in Persons investigators, receive training on laws and investigative techniques related to the worst forms of child labor, especially for online child pornography and children left behind without parental care. - - - Pursue prosecution of the worst forms of child labor under the appropriate statutes and maintain protection for victims who commit crimes as a result of their exploitation. - - - - - Ensure that the National Council for the Protection of Child Rights meets and carries out its mandate. - - - - - Publish information about activities undertaken to implement policies related to child labor, including the Child Protection Strategy, the Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, the Moldova Strategy Country Note Program Priorities, and the Action Plan to Support the Roma People. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including for the separatist region of Transnistria. - - - Provide adequate resources for schools in rural and poorer communities, as well as those serving children with disabilities. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education by removing informal fees for school supplies. - - - Institute targeted support programs that eliminate discrimination and violence against Roma children and promote equal access to education. - - - Ensure sufficient support for child trafficking victims and children working in agriculture. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking of Women in Moldova - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Moldova_Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Mongolia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mongolia - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Mongolia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched the Child Protection Compact Partnership, signed between the Governments of Mongolia and the United States, to combat child labor in the country. The General Agency for Specialized Inspection also conducted three large-scale child labor and protection issue surveys. Furthermore, the government's stimulus package included a five-fold increase for the Children's Money Program—which offsets costs related to food, schooling, and clothing—to mitigate the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mongolia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued a regression in law that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. During the reporting period, the government did not permit the labor inspectorate to conduct unannounced inspections, which may have impeded the enforcement of child labor laws. Children in Mongolia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in mining and horse jockeying. Some Mongolian legal statutes do not meet international standards, including that the minimum age for work does not apply to children in the informal sector or to those who are self-employed. In addition, laws do not establish criminal penalties for forced labor or slavery, the use of children in prostitution, or the use, procurement, or offering of a child for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Coal - Yes - No - No - - - Fluorspar (mineral) - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.948 - - - 7-14 - 0.126 - - - 1.075 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 709330 - 83 - Yes - No - N/A - Yes - 1566 - 1566 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - No - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - Unknown - 41 - Unknown - 12 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the revised Labor Law draft is signed into law, allowing the General Agency for Specialized Investigation to execute unannounced inspections. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to children in the informal sector and children who are self-employed. - - - Ensure that all forms of forced labor are criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that laws clearly and comprehensively criminalize using children under age 18 for prostitution, and criminalize using, procuring, or offering all children under age 18 for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the using, procuring, or offering of children under age 18 in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that laws adequately prohibit children under age 18from horse racing at all times of the year. - - - - - Strengthen the inspection system by permitting the General Agency for Specialized Inspections toconduct unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector, and empower the Criminal Police Department to close venues found to be complicit in the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase funding and resources for labor inspectors to conduct inspections. - - - Conduct regular labor inspections and ensure that inspectors or other appropriate authorities are able to assess penalties—and extend liability beyond race organizers—for legal violations related to horse racing, including the participation of children in racing and race training during prohibited months. - - - Provide sufficient training opportunities for labor inspectors and criminal law enforcement officials, including training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Provide adequate funding for law enforcement agencies and ensure that procedural checklists used to identify human trafficking victims are used consistently. - - - Provide trainings for police officers and government officials on criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor to ensure that cases of commercial sexual exploitation—especially those involving boy victims—are prosecuted fully and under the appropriate articles of law, and close legal loopholes that permit the early release of convicted traffickers. - - - Cease fining, arresting, detaining, or charging child trafficking victims with crimes and administrative offenses as a result of having been subjected to human trafficking. - - - Allow anti-trafficking police and prosecutors to work with each other, and ensure that evidence related to human trafficking cases is collected to support investigations. - - - Address malfeasancein all law enforcement agenciesand investigate, prosecute, and convict government officials complicit in the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish disaggregatedcriminal law enforcement data, including training for new and existingcriminal law investigators,the number of violations,the number of convictions, and the number of imposed penalties for violations. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken during the reporting period to implement the National Program on Child Development and Protection, the National Program on Combating Trafficking in Persons, and the Three-Pillar Development Policy. - - - - - Increase the number of schools to help eliminate overcrowding, increase the number of trained teachers, ensure that appropriate technology is available to all students, and provide an infrastructure to allow full accessibility options for children with disabilities. - - - Ensure that the School Lunch Program is implemented once schools reopen for in-person learning. - - - Increase the availability of long-term stay shelter homes. - - - Ensure that all government-run, government-funded shelter homes are accessible to children with disabilities. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Support to the Proposed National Sub-Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Mongolia: Time-Bound Measures - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mongolia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Mongolia, Phases 1 & 2 - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/national-program-prevention-and-elimination-child-labor-mongolia-phases-1-2 - - - - - Montenegro - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/montenegro - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Montenegro made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government began enforcing the new Labor Law, which provides specific provisions for the conditions allowing a minor to work, and substantially increased the Labor Inspectorate's budget. In addition, the government opened a new shelter for victims of human trafficking and provided services to nine children, including seven children who were previously in forced begging situations. However, children in Montenegro are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. In addition, research found that the scope of programs to address child labor in street work and forced begging is insufficient. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.916 - - - 7-14 - 0.199 - - - 0.945 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 887498 - 42 - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - 8747 - 8747 - 7 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement entities impose appropriate penalties for child labor violations. - - - Consistently track and publish information about children involved in the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase the number of prosecutions and convictions of perpetrators involved in commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are provided with refresher courses. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into national policies for all children, including in the Strategy for Prevention and Protection of Children from Violence. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Build the capacity of schools and other services and programs to accommodate and provide support for children with disabilities. - - - Increase funding for human trafficking shelters, including for individuals with disabilities who are victims of human trafficking. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially in street work and forced begging. - - - Make additional efforts to register children from the Ashkali, Balkan Egyptian, and Roma communities. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - - - Montserrat - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/montserrat - Europe and Eurasia - No - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Montserrat, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not determined by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. In addition, the law does not prohibit the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups or the use of children in illicit activities. - - - - 0.968 - - - - No - No - No - No - No - No - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A - - No - N/A - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - - - Ratify international conventions on child labor. - - - Ensure that the law specifies the types of light work acceptable for children as young as 14 as well as permitted working conditions and hours. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. - - - Establish laws to prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate can assess penalties for child labor and that unannounced inspections are permitted. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - - - NA - NA - NA - - - - Morocco - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/morocco - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Morocco made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted programs to pilot a child protection network and assess the feasibility of 10 additional child welfare centers. In addition, the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Integration launched a new roadmap for fighting child labor that seeks to: improve the Domestic Work Law 19.12 and make benefits available from the National Social Security Fund to child domestic workers; improve labor inspection at the 54 designated centers across the country by hiring specialists to enhance the oversight of inspections and the methodology behind interventions; strengthen partnerships with civil society organizations; and increase international cooperation on child labor. Morocco also became a Pathfinder country under Alliance 8.7, which calls for the eradication of child labor by 2025, and forced labor, modern slavery, and human trafficking by 2030. However, children in Morocco are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in producing artisanal handicrafts. Laws related to the minimum age for work and the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. In addition, research could not determine whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. Furthermore, the scope of government programs that target child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. - - - - 10-14 - 0.045 - 150178 - - - 6-14 - 0.829 - - - 10-14 - 0.007 - - - 0.971 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 19 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 282 - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 19302 - 19302 - 56 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 22 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that all children age 15 and under are protected by law, including children who are self-employed, work for artisan and handicraft businesses with fewer than five employees, or work on private farms or in residences. - - - Implement regulations related to the Law on Setting Up Employment Conditions of Domestic Workers and ensure that inspectors are allowed to inspect all sectors in which children work. - - - Prohibit by law all types of hazardous work that may harm children's health, safety, and morals, including domestic work. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit all children age 15 and under from being used, procured, or offered for the production and trafficking of illicit drugs. - - - Ensure that the law provides criminal penalties for forced labor. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution. - - - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws related to child labor to meet the ILO's technical advice and ensure that they have sufficient resources. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the amount of labor inspectorate funding, penalties imposed, and penalties collected. - - - Reduce administrative burdens and streamline child labor enforcement procedures among government agencies. - - - Increase penalties for employers who use children in hazardous work to be an effective deterrent. - - - Publish information on criminal enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations, violations found, and number of convictions. - - - - - Ensure programs address barriers to education such as safety in schools, transportation, the cost of school supplies, and lack of documentation. - - - Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, including in forced domestic work. - - - Collect and publish information, including microdata from the 2017 survey, on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including in agriculture, industry, and services. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Project Pathways: Reducing Child Labor Through Viable Paths in Education and Decent Work (Promise Pathways) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-pathways-reducing-child-labor-through-viable-paths-education-and-decent-work - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Morocco (DIMA-ADROS) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_DIMAADROS_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Morocco by Creating an Enabling National Environment and Developing Direct Action against Worst Forms of Child Labor in Rural Areas - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_IPEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - ADROS: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Morocco - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_ADROS_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Mozambique - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mozambique - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Mozambique made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a new 2020–2024 Five Year Plan, which emphasizes eliminating child labor, and published the number of labor inspectors for the first time since 2017. The government also enacted a new Penal Code, which includes prohibitions on human trafficking, child prostitution, and the use of children in pornography. In addition, Provincial and District National Reference Groups were trained on human trafficking laws, the identification and protection of victims, prevention of unsafe child migration and on how to report cases of human trafficking. However, children in Mozambique are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in the production of tobacco. In addition, the established minimum age for work is not in compliance with international labor standards because it does not extend to informal employment. Lastly, existing programs are insufficient to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in Mozambique. - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.225 - 1526560 - - - 5-14 - 0.695 - - - 7-14 - 0.224 - - - 0.547 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 117 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 6126 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that all children are protected under the law, including children working outside of formal employment relationships. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for light work is in compliance with international labor standards. - - - - - Publish all data on labor law enforcement efforts, including the labor inspectorate’s funding, number and type of labor inspections conducted, child labor violations found, and number of child labor penalties imposed and collected. - - - Allocate sufficient resources for law enforcement agencies, including by increasing the number of labor inspectors to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, as per ILO technical advice. - - - Provide labor inspectors with adequate training and financial resources and fuel and vehicles to ensure their capacity to enforce child labor laws. - - - Disaggregate labor law enforcement data to publish clear data about child labor in all its forms. - - - Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, such as the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured, and whether penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor were imposed. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that the government publishes yearly data on child labor and the worst forms of child labor. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Take measures to ensure that all children have access to education by providing supplies, uniforms, and an adequate number of schools, classroom space, and trained teachers. Address barriers for children from rural areas. Take preventative steps to protect children from physical and sexual abuse in schools. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Basic Social Subsidy Program and Programs for Street Children during the reporting period. - - - Publish the results of the child labor study and use the findings to inform policies and programs. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in domestic work, and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor in Mozambique (RECLAIM) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mozambique_RECLAIM_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Namibia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/namibia - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Namibia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Namibia ratified International Labor Organization Convention 189, the Domestic Workers Convention, which reaffirms the government's commitment to eliminate child labor in domestic work. The government also expanded its school feeding program to provide take-home food rations for vulnerable households during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, criminal law enforcement officials participated in training on the implementation of the Child Care and Protection Act to strengthen responses to child victims of the worst forms of child labor and other forms of exploitation. However, children in Namibia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in domestic work and street work. Prevention and elimination of child labor are not integrated into key national policies. In addition, social programs do not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.941 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 ‡ - No - Yes - - - - 2439225 - 52 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 1932 - 1932 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - No - 4 - 17 - 1 - 1 - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice to ensure adequateenforcement of labor laws, including in remote areas. - - - Ensure that training is provided to criminal law enforcement investigators on laws related to child labor, including training for new investigators and refresher trainings. - - - Publish information on the number of child labor complaints that are reported through theNamibian Police Force hotline. - - - Ensure that all Gender-Based Violence Protection Units have adequate resources to operate according to their intended mandates. - - - Establish a mechanism to compile and publish comprehensive statistics related to labor and criminal law enforcement, including convictions for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Reactivate joint child labor inspection teams to strengthen coordination between ministries that respond to cases of child labor. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into key national policies, including the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare and the National Action Plan on Gender-Based Violence. - - - - - Conduct research on the prevalence of child labor to inform the development of policies and social programs. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by expanding social support to orphaned children and taking measures to reduce long travel distances to schools. - - - Institute programs or expand existing programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Ensure that there are adequate shelters, including in areas outside Windhoek, to meet the needs of vulnerable children. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and - - - Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (TECL), Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa (TECL II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf - - - - - Nepal - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nepal - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Nepal made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government acceded to the Palermo Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. It also published the Report on Employment Relationship Survey in the Brick Industry in Nepal, which provides information on the prevalence of child labor, forced labor, and bonded labor in the brick production sector. In addition, the government drafted an action plan for the elimination of child labor to facilitate the implementation of the Second National Master Plan on the Elimination of Child Labor, which aims to abolish all forms of child labor by 2025 and the worst forms of child labor by 2022. However, children in Nepal are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in the production of bricks. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it does not meet international standards for legal prohibitions against child trafficking and legal prohibitions against the use of children for illicit activities. In addition, the Department of Labor’s budget, the number of labor inspectors, and available resources and training are insufficient for enforcing labor laws, including those related to child labor. - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Carpets - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Embellished Textiles - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Stones - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.917 - - - 7-14 - 0.391 - - - 1.204 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - No - 17 - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - - 3400 - 10 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 1421 - 1421 - 15 - 15 - 15 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that laws are in line with ILO C. 182 by raising the minimum age to 18 for entry into hazardous work. - - - Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectorsin whichthere is evidence of child labor, including brickmaking. - - - Ensure that the legal framework comprehensively and criminally prohibits the trafficking of children without needing proof of the use of force, fraud, or coercion. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits theuse of children in illicit activities, including the production of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally penalizes the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Increase penalties to ensure sufficient deterrence of child labor law violations. - - - Ensure that legal provisions against child labor are implemented and enforced against perpetrators. - - - Ensure that the Department of Labor’s budget is sufficient to adequately enforce child labor laws. - - - Improve human resource capacity, including increasing the number of child labor inspections, especially in the informal sector. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate, particularly at the local levels,by initiating routine targeted inspections in all sectors rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Institutionalize trainings for labor inspectors on laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Publishdata on criminal law enforcement actions, including whether new criminal investigators received initial training, refresher courses for investigators,and the number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Provide additional resources to criminal law enforcement agencies so they are able to enforce laws prohibiting crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Provide sufficient resources to create a centralized databaseto track and monitor cases of the worst forms of child labor, disaggregated by type of activity. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Update the National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Childrento better address forced labor andalign it with anti-trafficking programming. - - - - - Collect and publish data on child labor and its worst forms, particularly regarding hazardous work. - - - Conduct research to determine the types of activities carried out by children, including in the construction sector, to inform social policies and programs. - - - Eliminate barriers to education, including the lack of sanitation facilities at schools, long distances to schools, fees associated with schooling, pressure to find employment, migration to work outside of Nepal, and issues with drugs and alcohol. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children with disabilities andrefugee children. - - - Create social programs that support child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and children working in the brick industry. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - Sakriya - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/sakriya - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-3 - - - Nayo Bato Naya Paila (New Path New Steps) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/nayo-bato-naya-paila-new-path-new-steps - - - Sustainable Elimination of Child Bonded Labor in Nepal - Phase 2 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BondedLabor_PhII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Brighter Futures Program: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Nepal, Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BrighterFutures_PhII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Brighter Futures Program: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Nepal, Phase I - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BrighterFutures_PhI_feval_sum_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Nepal- the IPEC Core TBP Project - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Sustainable Elimination of Bonded Labor in Nepal - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BondedLabor_PhI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Setting National Strategies for the Elimination of Girls' Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Nepal - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Nicaragua - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nicaragua - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Nicaragua made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established the program Women for Life, Peace, and Wellbeing Plan, with the aim of providing critical attention to victims of domestic violence and sexual violence, as well as trafficking in persons. However, children in Nicaragua are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Laws do not establish a clear compulsory education age, and national policies to eliminate child labor and protect children have not been fully implemented. The government also lacks a specific and consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor. - - - Bananas - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Gravel (crushed stones) - Yes - No - No - - - Shellfish - Yes - No - No - - - Stones (pumice) - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.477 - 342076 - 0.535 - 0.087 - 0.378 - - - 10-14 - 0.883 - - - 10-14 - 0.403 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 12‡ - No - No - - - - 1380000 - 97 - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 15182 - Unknown - 4 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 7 - 7 - 7 - 9 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law is consistent and provides a compulsory education age that is not less than the minimum age for work. - - - - - Ensure that adequate training and refresher courses are provided for labor law inspectors and criminal investigators. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Publish complete labor law enforcement data, including information about worksite inspections, unannounced inspections, number of child labor violations, and penalties imposed for violations. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor has sufficient funding to enforce labor laws adequately, including those related to child labor, and that resource needs are met. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement efforts are sufficient to address the scope of the problem and that agencies have the funding and resources necessary to carry out duties. - - - Establish an adequate mechanism for identifying human trafficking victims, particularly children, among high-risk populations. - - - - - Ensure that the National Social Welfare System is active, fully funded, and carries out its mandated activities. - - - Ensure that the government has a specific and consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor, including with NGOs, and to publicly report on these efforts. - - - Ensure that the National Coalition Against Trafficking of Persons works with relevant local stakeholders to address human trafficking issues, and ensure that it establishes its Executive Secretariat, as mandated by the Law Against Trafficking in Persons. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish updated data on the prevalence of child labor in the country. - - - Expand birth registration programs to ensure that children have access to basic services. - - - Remove barriers to education, such as transportation and the cost associated with school supplies, for all children, particularly those from poor backgrounds and rural areas; develop strategies and devote resources to improve attendance of children in secondary school. - - - Implement social programs that address the full scope of the worst forms of child labor in the country, including commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Develop social services for human trafficking victims, such as shelters and specialized services, and ensure that services are available throughout the country, especially in areas where children are most vulnerable. - - - Ensure that social programs are adequately funded and implemented, and that they report on their yearly efforts. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Nicaragua, "Enterate" - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nicaragua_ENTERATE_0.pdf - - - Elimination of Child Labor at la Chureca Garbage Dump Yard in Managua - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/elimination-child-labor-la-chureca-garbage-dump-yard-managua - - - Combating Child Labor in the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in the Farming and Stockbreeding Sectors in Nicaragua - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nicaragua_Grains_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Niger - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/niger - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Niger made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government hired additional labor inspectors and carried out several capacity training workshops. However, children in Niger were subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and mining, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks herding cattle. The minimum age for work does not meet international standards because it does not apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. In addition, the particular type of slavery known as wahaya, while illegal, continues to exist. Gaps in labor law enforcement also remain, including insufficient funding for labor inspectors to conduct inspections. Also, social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. - - - Cattle - No - Yes - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Gypsum (mineral) - Yes - No - No - - - Salt - Yes - No - No - - - Trona (mineral) - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.429 - 2516191 - - - 7-14 - 0.48 - - - 7-14 - 0.221 - - - 0.623 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 14 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - - Unknown - 57 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law’s minimum age for work provisions and protections apply to self-employed children and those in unpaid or non-contractual work. - - - Establish a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age of employment. - - - - - Ensure that inspections and enforcement efforts take place in the informal sector, and in remote locations, where most child labor occurs. - - - Publish complete information on the number of worksite inspections conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected, investigations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Collect and publish complete information and data about child labor and the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase the resources, including funding and training, and number of labor inspectors and criminal investigators dedicated to enforcing child labor laws to provide adequate coverage of the workforce and meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Disaggregate complaints made to the National Agency to Fight Against Trafficking in Persons and Illegal Migrant Transport's hotline so that the number of complaints related to children is known. - - - Ensure victims of the worst forms of child labor are removed from exploitative situations as appropriate. - - - Publish complete information on the number of criminal investigations conducted, violations found, penalties imposed, or penalties collected related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that the Nigerien Supreme Court's ruling banning the practice of wahaya is enforced. - - - Ensure that victims of slavery have access to reintegration services. - - - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Plan for Social and Economic Development, the National Social Protection Strategy, the UN Development Assistance Framework, and the Education and Training Sectorial Program during the reporting period. - - - Adopt and implement a national action plan to combat child labor, including in hereditary slavery, mining, and agriculture. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls, refugees, internally displaced children, and children in rural communities, by increasing school infrastructure, increasing the number of teachers, and by providing more school supplies. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement X Program(s) during the reporting period. - - - Expand the scope of programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, herding, mining, and caste-based servitude. - - - Implement a program to target and assist children exploited by religious instructors. - - - Ensure that government social services providers have sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care to all children withdrawn from hazardous and forced labor. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - West Africa Regional Mining - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Niger - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Niger_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Nigeria - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nigeria - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Nigeria made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Nigerian Government continued to support the National Action Plan for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism which helps end use and recruitment of child soldiers by identifying and formally separating children from armed groups, including 209 boys and 6 girls in 2020. In addition, the Nigerian Government hired over 400 new labor inspectors and enacted the National Social Behavioral Change Communication Strategy for Elimination of Child Labor in Nigeria (2020–2023). However, children in Nigeria are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal mining, commercial sexual exploitation, and use in armed conflict, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The Child's Right Act has been adopted by only 25 out of Nigeria's 36 states, leaving the remaining 11 states in northern Nigeria with legal statutes that do not meet international standards for the prohibition of child trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, and illicit activities. In addition, the minimum age for work in the Labour Act does not apply to children who are self-employed or working in the informal economy. - - - Cocoa - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Granite - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Gravel (crushed stones) - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Manioc/Cassava - Yes - No - No - - - Sand - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.766 - - - 7-14 - 0.399 - - - Unavailable - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 75358 - 1888 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 9877 - 9719 - 3422 - 88 - 75 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 381 - 3422 - 40 - 24 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory, and ensure that national legislation on the minimum age for work is consistent so that all children are protected, including those in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that the types of work determined to be hazardous for children are prohibited by law or regulation for all children under age 18. - - - Ensure that laws in all states criminalize both domestic and international trafficking or trafficking for the purpose of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Criminalize theoffering of a child for prostitution in all states. - - - Ensure that using, procuring, and offering a child for the production and trafficking of drugs are criminally prohibited in all states. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that provisions related to light work conform to international standards. - - - Amend the Terrorism Prevention Act to prohibit the punishment of children for their association with armed groups. - - - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors receive sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws. - - - Ensure that a mechanism exists for enforcing existing protections for children working in the informal sector. - - - Sign and implement a protocol to ensure the swift transfer of children affected by armed conflict from the custody of security actors to civilian child protection authorities for reintegration. - - - Ensure that there are penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Cease the practice of detaining children associated with armed groups for prolonged periods and refer these children to social services providers. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their mandates as intended. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children and forced child labor in granite, gravel, and cocoa production. - - - - - Ensure that all states adopt programs to offer free education, and expand existing programs that provide funds to vulnerable children, especially girls, to cover school fees and the cost of materials. - - - Make additional efforts to provide all children with birth documentation. - - - Ensure that there is an adequate number of trained teachers and provide sufficient educational infrastructure for children, particularly girls, to access schools. - - - Conduct research to gather comprehensive data on child labor, including activities carried out by children working in fishing, to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons and related agencies provide appropriate facilities and resources to victims, and that victims are not held against their will in shelters. - - - Establish programs that prevent and remove children from all relevant worst forms of child labor, including armed conflict, commercial sexual exploitation, and illicit activities. - - - Ensure that all social programs are active and pursuing their mandates. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional - - - West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional - - - Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Nigeria - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nigeria_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Niue - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/niue - Indo-Pacific - No - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Niue, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, Niue has not established a minimum age for work and lacks a law that prohibits hazardous occupations and activities for children. - - - - 1.115 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - No - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - - - Establish a minimum age for work of at least age 15 that equals the compulsory age of education. - - - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 in consultation with employer's and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit forced labor, including debt bondage, the sale and trafficking of children, and slavery. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the trafficking of children domestically and internationally for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and do not require the use of force, fraud, or coercion to be established for the crime of human trafficking. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Ratify ILO C.182. - - - - - Ensure the National Coordinating Committee is able to carry out its intended mandate. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy during the reporting period. - - - - - NA - Yes - Yes - - - - Norfolk Island - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/norfolk-island - Indo-Pacific - - Moderate Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists on Norfolk Island, in 2020, the government made moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Australia adopted a new National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery 2020–2025. The federal government also published a Modern Slavery Statement that discussed efforts to reduce child labor and human trafficking risks in federal government operations and procurement supply chains. However, Norfolk Island's laws do not set a minimum age for light work, which is not in compliance with international standards. In addition, the law does not specify activities in which light work may be permitted. - - - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - - - Establish a minimum age for light work to comply with international standards. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be undertaken. - - - - - NA - Yes - Yes - - - - North Korea - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/north-korea - - - Bricks - No - Yes - No - - - Cement - No - Yes - No - - - Coal - No - Yes - No - - - Gold - No - Yes - No - - - Iron - No - Yes - No - - - Textiles - No - Yes - No - - - Timber - No - Yes - No - - - - - North Macedonia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/north-macedonia - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, North Macedonia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Education and Science continued to hire additional educational mediators with the goal of removing barriers to education for the most vulnerable populations, including Roma children. Parliament also amended the Law on Labor Relations to increase fines on employers that fail to provide adequate protections to workers under age 18. In addition, the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy developed Action Plan 2020–2022 in accordance with the National Strategy to Protect Children from All Forms of Abuse. However, children in North Macedonia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside formal employment relationships. Additionally, the government has not adopted a policy to address all worst forms of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.976 - - - 7-14 - 0.206 - - - 0.934 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 2300000 - 114 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 15944 - 15944 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - N/A - Yes - 37 - 37 - 29 - 25 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that labor law protections apply to all children, including self-employed children and children working outside formal employment relationships. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the law provides criminal penalties for the use, procuring, and offering of children for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - - - Ensure that the Labor Inspectorate receives sufficient funding to train new inspectors. - - - Provide labor inspectors with an electronic system to record and share data on inspections with the entity receiving the citation, and publish the information. - - - Provide sufficient funding for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Task Force to carry out its duties to combat human trafficking. - - - Ensure that law enforcement agencies proactively identify child trafficking victims. - - - - - Build the capacity and resources of local commissions to adequately combat human trafficking. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national action plan on child labor. - - - - - Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children engaged in child labor, including those in farming. - - - Increase funding dedicated to combating child labor, and ensure that child beggars receive the support needed to be removed from the streets permanently. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Oman - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/oman - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Oman made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In December 2020, the Royal Oman Police stood up a dedicated counter-trafficking in persons unit for responding directly to reports of human trafficking and implementing anti-trafficking best practices within the Royal Oman Police. In August 2020, the Ministry of Labor created its own dedicated counter-trafficking in persons unit under its Inspection Department. In addition, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs established a specialized trafficking in persons office in March 2020. Although research is limited, there is evidence that small numbers of children in Oman engage in child labor, including in fishing and selling items in kiosks. Government policies do not address all forms of child labor and the Ministry of Labor is not represented on the National Committee on Implementing the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child or the National Child Protection Committee. In addition, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.009 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 303 - No - Yes - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - Unknown - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - N/A - - - - - Collect and publish data on labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, training, and number of labor inspections conducted. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Ensure that refresher courses are provided for criminal investigators. - - - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor participates in the National Child Protection Committee and the National Committee on Implementing the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. - - - - - Develop a national policy to address all forms of child labor that occur within Oman, including in farming and fishing. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that all children have equal access to education, including children with disabilities. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Pakistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/pakistan - Indo-Pacific - Yes - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Pakistan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In February, the government formally constituted and appointed members to the National Commission on the Rights of the Child, which includes two representatives who are children. Additionally, in response to the fatal beating of an 8-year-old domestic worker by her employer, the Islamabad Capital Territory cabinet banned child domestic labor under age 14 in the capital territory. The Pakistani government also added domestic labor to the list of occupations defined as hazardous work prohibited for children under the Employment of Children Act 1991. Children in Pakistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in forced labor in brick kilns and agriculture. The federal government and Balochistan Province have not established a minimum age for work or hazardous work in compliance with international standards. In addition, provincial labor inspectorates do not receive sufficient resources to adequately enforce laws prohibiting child labor, and the federal and provincial governments did not publicly release information on their labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Further, police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes from suspected perpetrators to ignore child labor crimes and lack of willingness to conduct criminal investigations, hindered Pakistan's ability to address the problem throughout the country. - - - Bricks - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Carpets - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Coal - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Cotton - No - Yes - No - - - Glass Bangles - Yes - No - No - - - Leather - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - No - Yes - No - - - Surgical Instruments - Yes - No - No - - - Wheat - No - Yes - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.098 - 2261704 - 0.694 - 0.109 - 0.197 - 5-14 - 0.124 - - 5-14 - 0.215 - - - - 10-14 - 0.78 - 5-14 - 0.606 - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 10-14 - 0.008 - 7-14 - 0.082 - 7-14 - 0.116 - - - 0.733 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Federal - Federal - No - 14† - No - No - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - 14‡ - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No - 14 - No - No - - - Sindh - Sindh - No - 14 - No - No - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - No - - No - No - - - - - Federal - Federal - No - 14 - No - No - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - No - 14 - No - No - - - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Federal - Federal - No - - No - No - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No - - No - No - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - No - - No - No - - - Punjab - Punjab - No - - No - No - - - Sindh - Sindh - No - - No - No - - - - - Federal - Federal - No - - No - No - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No - - No - No - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - No - - No - No - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Federal - Federal - No - - No - No - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No - - No - No - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - No - - No - No - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Federal - Federal - No - - No - No - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - No - - No - No - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No - - No - No - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - Sindh - Sindh - 120 - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - 102 - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - 59 - - - - - Punjab - Punjab - No - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - No - - - Sindh - Sindh - No - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - - - Federal - Federal - N/A - - - Punjab - Punjab - N/A - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - N/A - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - 29289 - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - - - Punjab - Punjab - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - 1771 - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Punjab - Punjab - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Punjab - Punjab - Unknown - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Yes - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - - - Punjab - Punjab - Yes - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Yes - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Yes - - - Sindh - Sindh - Yes - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - - - Punjab - Punjab - No - - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa - No - - - Federal - Federal - Unknown - - - Balochistan - Balochistan - Unknown - - - Sindh - Sindh - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Establish a minimum age for work of at least age 14 in federal and provincial laws extending to all sectors and informal employment, regardless of the number of employees. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the employment of children under age 18 in hazardous work, including in federal law and Balochistan Province. - - - Ensure that the federal and provincial lists of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive, and include brickmaking, domestic work, and mining. - - - Ensure that federal and provincial laws criminally prohibit child trafficking without requiring an element of force, fraud, or coercion. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, including in federal law and Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces. - - - Ensure that the law criminalizes the use, procurement, and offering of children in prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances, including in federal law and Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment and use of children under age 18 by non-state groups for armed conflict, including in federal law and Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure there are a sufficient number of inspectors trained and responsible for providing enforcement of child labor laws to meet international standards in all provinces. - - - Provide the funding necessary to adequately hire, train, equip, and cover the cost of transportation for inspectors to enforce child labor laws, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh Provinces. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are permitted to conduct unannounced inspections in Sindh Province without harassment, as mandated by Sindh's labor code. - - - Ensure that District Vigilance Committees that seek to ensure enforcement and implementation of bonded labor prohibitions are operating effectively in all provinces, and are established in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan Provinces. - - - Ensure that all allegations of sexual abuse, including allegations of bacha bazi and trafficking of boys into Afghanistan, are thoroughly investigated and, when appropriate, prosecuted. - - - Ensure that all brick kilns are registered, do not employ child labor, and fully compensate all workers. - - - Authorize labor inspectors to assess penalties for child labor violations. - - - Create a centralized repository of labor law enforcement data and a regular mechanism for reporting it to the federal government, and make the data publicly available. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Pakistan meets the ILO's technical advice. - - - Publish enforcement data for child labor law violations, penalties imposed, and penalties collected for all provinces. In addition, publish information about labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number of labor inspections conducted at the worksite, whether routine inspections were targeted, whether unannounced inspections were conducted, whether training on new laws related to child labor were conducted, whether refresher training courses were provided, whether complaint mechanisms exist, whether reciprocal referral mechanisms exist between labor authorities and social services for all provinces. - - - Establish sufficient laws to end police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes from suspected perpetrators to ignore alleged crimes. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between labor authorities and social services in all provinces. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between criminal law enforcement agencies and social services in all provinces. - - - Publish information about criminal law investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions, as well as about initial training, training on the worst forms of child labor, refresher courses, and penalties imposed and collected in all provinces. - - - - - Publish information on the activities undertaken by the Provincial and Federal Tripartite Consultative Committees. - - - Establish the remaining 33 Child Protection Units in Balochistan, as required by law. - - - Ensure that the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Child Welfare and Protection Commission meets regularly and appoints a commissioner. - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Ensure that steps are taken to implement policies to address child labor. - - - Ensure that inspectors are provided with sufficient resources and are not stymied from executing Sindh Province's Labor Policy by factory owners. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies in the education policies of the provincial governments. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Complete and publish child labor surveys at the federal and provincial levels. - - - Publish information on activities undertaken during the reporting period to implement the ILO-funded programs Sustaining Strengthened National Capacities to Improve International Labor Standards Compliance and Reporting in Relevant EU Trading Partners (2018–2020) and The Clear Cotton Project (2018–2022). - - - Implement programs to address and eliminate the sexual abuse of children, especially in madrassas, workplaces, and on the street. - - - Improve existing programs and increase the size and scope of government programs to reach children working in the informal sector and in the worst forms of child labor, including domestic workers, bonded child laborers, and other victims of human trafficking. - - - Implement programs to address high rates of teacher absenteeism, inadequate facilities, school fees, lack of transportation, and use of corporal punishment to ensure that all children have access to free and compulsory education, as required by law. Increase security for schools to protect children and teachers from attacks by non-state armed groups. - - - Implement programs to raise awareness of and provide assistance to children used by non-state militant groups to engage in armed conflict. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supply Chains Tracing Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supply-chains-tracing-project - - - Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Pakistan Earthquake – Child Labor Response - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Earthquake_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Pakistan - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Carpet Industry in Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Carpets_Phases1%262_CLOSED.pdf - - - Addressing Child Labor through Quality Education for All in Pakistan (ACL-QEFA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_ACLQEFA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Carpet Industry in Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Carpets_Phases1%262_CLOSED.pdf - - - Elimination of Child Labor in the Soccer Ball Industry in Sialkot, Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_SoccerBalls_Phases1%262_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Panama - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/panama - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Panama made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government successfully prosecuted, convicted, and sentenced its first forced child labor case, and it provided social services to 1,500 child victims and children at risk of child labor. It also established a Network of Companies Against Child Labor with the participation of the National Council of Private Enterprise and technical advice from the International Labor Organization, with the aim of creating a certification seal for products produced free of child labor. However, children in Panama are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Panamanian law allows minors under age 16 to engage in hazardous work within training facilities in violation of international standards. Moreover, the Ministry of Labor lacks the authority to collect fines for labor violations, limiting its capacity to enforce laws on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Melons - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.047 - 32858 - 0.686 - 0.054 - 0.26 - - - 5-14 - 0.949 - - - 7-14 - 0.049 - - - 0.898 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 1307476 - 93 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 10374 - 10374 - 2 - 2 - 2 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Establish regulations that define the types of activities that children between ages 12 and 14 can undertake as light work. - - - Ensure that the law protects children from hazardous work by establishing a minimum age of 18 for all children or by ensuring that children receive adequate training in the type of work being done and that the health, safety, and morals of children are protected in accordance with international standards if children age 16 or 17 are allowed to perform hazardous work. - - - Raise the working age from 14 to 15, the compulsory education age, to comply with international standards. - - - - - Collect and make available complete data on labor law enforcement efforts and criminal enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, such as the number of violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, penalties collected, whether reciprocal mechanisms exist, and number of convictions. - - - Allocate sufficient funding for the Directorate Against Child Labor and for the Protection of Adolescent Workers to meet its commitments for coordination, implementation, and monitoring related to child labor. - - - Ensure that all inspectors receive regular, specialized training on child labor issues. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Increase coordination on efforts to address child labor, including within the Ministry of Labor, and with social services agencies and referral mechanisms. - - - - - Take steps to implement the National Multisectoral Strategy for the Prevention of Violence Against Children and Adolescents, and publish information about these efforts. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Coordination Agreement on Labor Migration between the Ministries of Labor of Costa Rica and Panama. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children from rural areas and indigenous and Afro-Panamanian communities, by expanding existing programs, including school transportation. - - - Ensure that social programs to prevent and eradicate child labor are being implemented. - - - Establish programs and ensure sufficient funding to address the needs of human trafficking victims, including programs that provide services to child victims of human trafficking and sexual abuse. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii - - - Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf - - - Building Effective Policies Against Child Labor in Ecuador and Panama - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-effective-policies-against-child-labor-ecuador-and-panama - - - Educafuturo: Project to Combat Child Labor Among Vulnerable Populations in Ecuador and Panama by Providing Direct Education and Livelihood Services - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/educafuturo-project-combat-child-labor-among-vulnerable-populations-ecuador-and - - - Country Program for Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Panama (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Panama - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Country Program for Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Panama - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Papua New Guinea - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/papua-new-guinea - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Papua New Guinea made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the National Council for Child and Family Services developed criteria for the appointment of child protection officers and appointed 42 child protection officers. However, children in Papua New Guinea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Papua New Guinea's hazardous work prohibitions do not comply with international standards that require all children under age 18 to be protected from work that could jeopardize their health and safety, nor do its laws prohibit using, procuring, or offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. Schools continued charging fees as a result of not receiving promised government subsidies needed for education to remain free and accessible for all children. In addition, insufficient resources hamper the labor inspectorate’s capacity to enforce child labor laws. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.771 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - - - - - Accede the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Accede the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Accede the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Raise the minimum age for light work to age 13 to comply with international standards, and ensure that the law’s light work provisions are sufficiently specific to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work, and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. - - - Ensure that the law does not require threats, the use of force, or coercion to be established for the crime of child trafficking. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law establishes a compulsory education age that is equal to the minimum age for employment. - - - - - Fully fund and reopen 1-Tok Kaunselin Helpim Lain. - - - Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of child labor penalties imposed. - - - Strengthen the inspection system by ensuring that inspectors conduct routine or targeted inspections in addition to those that are complaint-driven. - - - Provide inspectors with the resources necessary to enforce labor laws and other laws that protect children from the worst forms of child labor, including funding, training, and report writing skills. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between labor and criminal law enforcement authorities and social services agencies to ensure that victims of child labor receive appropriate support services. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors meets the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Institutionalize and fully fund training for labor inspectors and criminal investigators on the worst forms of child labor, including training for new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment. - - - Ensure that labor inspections occur in all areas of Papua New Guinea, especially outside of urban areas. - - - Publish information on the criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. - - - Establish a data monitoring system to track child labor cases. - - - - - Ensure that the established coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, fully carry out their mandates. - - - Ensure that there is senior governmental leadership and participation at the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee meetings. - - - Ensure that all anti-human trafficking stakeholders, including NGOs, are invited to and participate in the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee coordination meetings as per the Committee's mandate. - - - - - Ensure that all policies are funded and implemented according to their mandate, including the National Action Plan to Eliminate Child Labor in Papua New Guinea, the Papua New Guinea Trafficking in Persons National Action Plan, the National Child Protection Policy, and the Tuition Fee Free Policy. - - - Integrate child labor elimination strategies into the Trafficking in Persons National Action Plan. - - - Fully reimburse schools for the added costs of accommodating additional students as mandated under the Tuition Fee-Free Policy. - - - - - Increase access to education by instituting programs to address gender-based violence against girls in schools, fully eliminating school-related fees, and increasing resources, including access to reliable water supplies and toilets. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Implement and fully fund programs and anti-human trafficking services that assist children engaged in the worst forms of child labor in all relevant sectors, especially commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and mining. - - - Ensure that Child Care Centers are active and are fully funded, and publish their activities undertaken during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Paraguay - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/paraguay - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Paraguay made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor launched virtual training curricula for inspectors and created a labor complaint hotline. Local Defense Councils for the Rights of Children were also involved in child labor investigations, and in December 2020, the government approved a National Plan to Counter Trafficking in Persons. However, children in Paraguay are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic servitude, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, as well as debt bondage in cattle raising, on dairy farms, and in charcoal factories. Children from rural and indigenous communities also face difficulties accessing and completing their education, including language barriers and inadequate facilities and staff at schools. In addition, limited funding for law enforcement agencies and social programs hampered the government’s ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural areas. Paraguay's criminal law enforcement agencies also lack resources to sufficiently identify, investigate, and prosecute cases of the worst forms of child labor, especially in remote areas. - - - Beans - Yes - No - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Cabbages - Yes - No - No - - - Carrots - Yes - No - No - - - Cattle - Yes - Yes - No - - - Corn - Yes - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - - - Goats - Yes - No - No - - - Hogs - Yes - No - No - - - Lettuce - Yes - No - No - - - Manioc/Cassava - Yes - No - No - - - Melons - Yes - No - No - - - Onions - Yes - No - No - - - Peanuts - Yes - No - No - - - Peppers - Yes - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - - - Poultry - Yes - No - No - - - Sesame - Yes - No - No - - - Sheep - Yes - No - No - - - Stones (limestone) - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - Sweet Potatoes - Yes - No - No - - - Tomatoes - Yes - No - No - - - Yerba Mate (stimulant plant) - Yes - No - No - - - - - 10-14 - 0.074 - 49956 - 0.433 - 0.119 - 0.449 - - - 5-14 - 0.964 - - - 10-14 - 0.064 - - - 0.88 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - - 366762 - 21 - No - N/A - N/A - Yes - 9710 - 99 - 8 - 7 - 6 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - N/A - N/A - Yes - 160 - Unknown - 25 - 6 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age of completion of compulsory education. - - - Protect children from the abuse of the criadazgo system by ensuring that working conditions meet international standards. - - - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to determine and assess penalties for child labor violations. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by making labor inspectors public officials rather than contractors and ensuring that they receive more training specific to child labor. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Increase the funding and resources available to the labor inspectorate, specifically in the Chaco region, to build enforcement capacity to address child labor in the informal sector, including in agriculture, and domestic work. - - - Implement the 2016 agreement to accelerate authorization of workplace inspection search warrants to improve the cooperation mechanisms among judicial authorities and labor enforcement officials. - - - Publish information on how many violations of child labor were found through criminal investigations. - - - Increase efforts to prosecute crimes related to the worst forms of child labor, including by hiring and training more specialized criminal investigators and prosecutors, and by increasing penalties for crimes. - - - Provide resources to enable more criminal investigations in remote areas. - - - Ensure that fines and penalties for the worst forms of child labor are consistently applied. - - - - - Ensure that the Inter-Institutional Working Group on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Persons fulfills its mandate, including in collecting and reporting statistics. - - - Strengthen inter-agency coordinating mechanisms, with particular focus on the communication between the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security and the ministries of Education and Health, to combat child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Provide additional financial and human resources to the Defense Councils for the Rights of Children and Adolescents to strengthen their ability to address child labor at the municipal level. - - - - - Publish information on activities taken under all key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Further expand government programs to assist more families and children affected by child labor in agriculture in rural areas, including cattle herding, and domestic work. - - - Increase access to education for children vulnerable to child labor, particularly children with disabilities, children living in rural and indigenous communities with language barriers, and girls who leave school early. Address the lack of infrastructure, staff, and transportation to to improve access to education for all children. - - - Ensure that financial assistance programs for child trafficking and forced labor victims are properly funded. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america - - - CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf - - - Paraguay Okakuaa (Paraguay Progresses) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/paraguay-okakuaa-paraguay-progresses - - - - - Peru - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/peru - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Significant Advancement - In 2020, Peru made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed Law 31047, which set the minimum age for domestic work at 18 years. The labor inspectorate also carried out joint inspections with the police to identify children working in dangerous conditions in Lima's garment district. In addition, a regional ordinance was enacted to create provincial and district commissions to fight trafficking in persons, migrant smuggling, and forced labor in the Arequipa Region. The Ministry of Labor granted the Child Labor Free Seal certification to seven socially responsible businesses that produce agricultural export goods. The Street Educators program also assisted over 6,000 children. However, children in Peru are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in mining and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Peruvian law allows children ages 12 to 14 to do light work without specifying the activities in which children may work. Also, labor law enforcement agencies in Peru lack sufficient inspectors and training to adequately combat child labor, and the government did not provide complete information on labor or criminal enforcement efforts against the worst forms of child labor. - - - Brazil Nuts/Chestnuts - No - Yes - No - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Coca (stimulant plant) - Yes - No - No - - - Fireworks - Yes - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - Yes - No - - - Timber - No - Yes - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.218 - 1261484 - 0.638 - 0.061 - 0.302 - - - 5-14 - 0.976 - - - 7-14 - 0.25 - - - 0.987 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17‡ - No - Yes - - - - 55500000 - 822 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 74502 - 48676 - 63 - 61 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 20 - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children younger than age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including whether penalties for violations were collected. - - - Increase the level of funding and the resources allocated for labor and criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that inspectors and criminal law enforcement personnel are properly trained on child labor and forced labor issues. - - - Ensure adequate enforcement of child labor laws. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Remove the "auxiliary inspector classification" to increase efficiency in the labor inspection process. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient shelters, including shelters for boys, and specialized services available for victims of human trafficking. - - - Ensure that fines are collected to deter future child labor violations. - - - Publish information on training for criminal investigators, the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials conduct adequate investigations in mining areas and bars and initiate prosecutions when violations are found to deter perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that Regional Commissions for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor develop action plans to combat child labor and allocate sufficient funding to implement these plans. - - - Ensure that key coordinating bodies related to the worst forms of child labor are active and publish information on annual activities. - - - Ensure that efforts to address trafficking in persons are fully funded by approving the multi-sectoral anti-trafficking budget. - - - - - Ensure that key policies related to the worst forms of child labor are active and that information on annual activities is published. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, regardless of documentation, in particular migrant and refugee communities. - - - Expand social programs to reach a greater number of children who perform dangerous tasks in agriculture; initiate social programs to address child commercial sexual exploitation, child labor in mining, child labor in logging, and child domestic work. - - - Publish information on activities taken under all social programs that address child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Consolidating and Disseminating Efforts to Combat Forced Labor in Brazil and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/consolidating-and-disseminating-efforts-combat-forced-labor-brazil-and-peru-0 - - - Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf - - - From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 - - - Promoting Better Understanding of Indicators to Address Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking in Peru - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-better-understanding-indicators-address-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-5 - - - Proyecto Semilla (Seed Project): Combating Exploitative Rural Child Labor in Peru - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/proyecto-semilla-seed-project-combating-exploitative-rural-child-labor-peru - - - Prepárate para la Vida (Get Ready for Life) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Peru_Preparate_CLOSED.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in Peru - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Peru_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Philippines - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/philippines - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, the Philippines made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment a U.S. citizen for "large-scale qualified trafficking in persons," making it the first online sexual exploitation of children conviction of a foreigner in the country and enabling the largest seizure of digital evidence to date. The government also established the Philippine National Multi-Sectoral Strategic Plan on Children in Street Situations to address the needs of street children. In addition, the House of Representatives passed House Bill No. 7836, which will raise the age of sexual consent from age 12 up to age 16, while eliminating a provision in the Penal Code that protected rapists from penalty if they proposed marriage to their victims. However, children in the Philippines are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and gold mining. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it did not adequately protect children allegedly engaged in drug trafficking from inappropriate incarceration or physical harm during detention. The government also did not ensure that children released from custody were placed in accredited rehabilitation centers. In addition, the government failed to take law enforcement action against officials who facilitated the production of fraudulent identity documents or were otherwise complicit in human trafficking. Moreover, the enforcement of child labor laws remained challenging throughout the country, especially due to the low number of inspectors, lack of resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties. - - - Bananas - Yes - No - No - - - Coconuts - Yes - No - No - - - Corn - Yes - No - No - - - Fashion Accessories - Yes - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Hogs - Yes - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - - - Pyrotechnics - Yes - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - - - Rubber - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.02 - 466708 - 0.449 - 0.055 - 0.496 - - - 5-14 - 0.955 - - - 7-14 - 0.021 - - - 1.058 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18‡ - No - Yes - - - - 4240743 - 710 - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 13974 - 13974 - 4 - 4 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 41 - 87 - 70 - 55 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Finalize and approve amendments to Republic Act No. 9231. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Launch the online hotline to allow reporting of potential online sexual exploitation of children cases. - - - Increase funding to allow for the hiring of more law enforcement personnel, including police and prosecutors, training for forensic analysis of digital online sexual exploitation of children evidence, and create a centralized database to allow for quicker action on cases involving the worst forms of child labor. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice; ensure the budget for the Department of Labor and Employment, Bureau of Worker Concerns includes an allocation for the salaries of labor inspectors located outside of the National Capital Region; and increase resources available to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce, particularly in the informal sector and in rural areas where child labor is prevalent. - - - Develop and provide specialized training for labor inspectors on identification of child labor. - - - Allow Rescue the Child Laborers Quick Action Teams to conduct unannounced compliance visits to private homes. - - - Ensure that youth rehabilitation centers, including Houses of Hope, are accredited and in compliance with standards set by theDepartment of Social Welfare and Developmentand JJWC. - - - Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. - - - Enhance efforts to prevent the inappropriate incarceration of, and violence against, children suspected to be engaged in the production and trafficking of drugs and those caught in crossfire during anti-drug operations. - - - Prosecute law enforcement officials and civilians responsible for the killing of children engaged in the drug trade and officials who are complicit in the trafficking or allow traffickers to operate without impunity. - - - Offer criminal law enforcement officials training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor and the proper handling of digital evidence in criminal trials. - - - Prosecute trafficking crimes in a timely manner, and hire more criminal prosecutors to lessen the workload. - - - Incorporate procedures to allow for an efficient exchange of restitution to victims of trafficking. - - - - - Ensure the Inter-Agency Council Against Child Pornography is able to carry out its intended mandate. - - - - - Publish the results of the child labor modules from the 2017, 2018, and 2019 rounds of the Labor Force Survey. - - - Publish data on the total number of confirmed online sexual exploitation of children cases each year. - - - Ensure that social programs are fully implemented, including the Strengthening Local Systems and Partnerships for More Effective and Sustainable Counter-Trafficking in Persons in the Philippines, and the Alternative Learning Systems Program. - - - Institute a program to address and combat the sexual abuse and exploitation of children in the production of child pornography, including live streaming. - - - Provide specialized care and rehabilitative services for children who have been victimized through sexual abuse and exploitation through live streaming and in the production of child pornography by their families. - - - Develop programs to increase protections for and provide assistance to children engaged in drug trafficking and children impacted by the death of a familial breadwinner to address their heightened vulnerability. - - - Ensure that "Houses of Hope" (Bahay ng Pag-asa) child detention centers in the Philippines do not subject children to physical or emotional abuse, that those who commit such crimes are held accountable, and that centers are provided with adequate resources to remedy overcrowding and unhygienic conditions. - - - Increase access to free, compulsory education by eliminating unofficial school-related fees and addressing issues related to inadequate school infrastructure, including architectural barriers. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - RICHES - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/riches - - - CARING Gold Mining Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/caring-gold-mining-project-convening-stakeholders-develop-and-implement-strategies - - - SAFE Seas - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/safe-seas - - - Program to Combat Child Labor in the Fishing Sector in Indonesia and the Philippines- Phases I and II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthEastAsia_Fishing_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Against Child Exploitation (ACE) Project - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/against-child-exploitation-ace-project - - - Building Capacity, Awareness, Advocacy and Programs Project (BuildCA2P) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/buildca2p-building-capacity-awareness-advocacy-and-programs-project - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-6 - - - Project to Combat Exploitative Child Labor in Sugarcane Growing Areas of the Philippines - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-combat-exploitative-child-labor-sugarcane-growing-areas-philippines - - - ABK3 LEAP - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/abk3-leap-livelihoods-education-advocacy - - - Towards a Child Labour-Free Philippines: Supporting the ‘Philippine Program Against Child Labour’ in Building on Past Gains and Addressing Challenges - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labour-free-philippines-supporting-philippine-program-against-child - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Philippines: ABK Initiative Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_ABK_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Philippines: The ABK Initiative - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_ABK_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Republic of the Philippines - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Philippines: Preparatory Activities for a Timebound Program (TBP) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_TBP_Prep_CLOSED.pdf - - - Reporting on the State of the Nation's Working Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in the Philippines - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_SIMPOC_PhI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Russia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/russia - - - Bricks - No - Yes - No - - - Pornography - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Timber - No - Yes - No - - - - - Rwanda - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/rwanda - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Rwanda made moderate advancement in efforts to combat the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a new education law that incorporates provisions to address barriers to education for girls and children with disabilities. Rwanda also released two child labor studies measuring child labor prevalence in specific districts across the country and continued to significantly increase its number of labor inspections, including child labor inspections. In addition, the government centralized its child rights protection efforts with the creation of the National Child Development Agency. Rwanda also began implementing a new labor procedure manual that provides guidance to local authorities on roles and responsibilities for child labor law enforcement. Although Rwanda made meaningful efforts across all relevant areas during the reporting period, reports indicate that government officials have detained children subjected to commercial sexual exploitation and forced street begging in transit centers intended for individuals demonstrating so-called deviant behaviors, in which children often experience physical abuse. Children in Rwanda are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining, including carrying heavy loads. The number of labor inspectors does not meet the International Labor Organization's technical advice for the size of the workforce. Finally, social programs do not address all relevant sectors in which child labor is present. - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - - - - - 6-14 - 0.054 - 156522 - 0.789 - 0.032 - 0.179 - - - 6-14 - 0.894 - - - 7-14 - 0.049 - - - 0.974 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - - 257000 - 36 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 8712 - 8712 - 624 - 6 - 6 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 6 - 6 - 6 - 0 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Establish by law compulsory education up to the age of 15 and free basic public education. - - - Raise the compulsory education age to be consistent with the minimum age for employment. - - - - - Disaggregate the number of complaints received by the Rwandan National Police's hotline and the National Public Prosecution Authority's investigations that relate to child labor. - - - Increase the number of inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient resources, personnel, and training to enforce child labor laws. - - - Cease the practice of detaining and beating children who work on the street and ensure that children in detention receive adequate screening and services, and are not subjected to abuse or unhealthy detention conditions. - - - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resources and are able to combat both domestic and transnational human trafficking. - - - - - Ensure that actions are taken to implement the Strategic Plan for the Integrated Child Rights Policy. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Social Protection Strategy. - - - - - Remove barriers to education, such as language barriers for non-English speakers, costs for uniforms, school supplies, and unofficial school fees, and ensure access for children with disabilities. - - - Expand existing social programs to address all relevant sectors of child labor, including agriculture and domestic work. - - - Expand services for human trafficking victims, including programs for long-term care in shelters. - - - Ensure that service providers are properly trained to identify victims of human trafficking. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 - - - Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children in Tea-Growing Areas (REACH-T) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/rwanda-education-alternatives-children-tea-growing-areas-reach-t - - - Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children (REACH) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/rwanda-education-alternatives-children-reach - - - - - Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-helena-ascensión-and-tristán-da-cunha - Europe and Eurasia - - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has yet to define by law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited to children, other than work on vessels engaged in maritime navigation. Gaps also remain in legislation related to forced child labor and the trafficking of children for labor exploitation. - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - - - Ratify international conventions on child labor. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that forced labor, debt bondage, and slavery are criminally prohibited. - - - Establish laws to criminally prohibit trafficking of children for labor exploitation. - - - Establish laws to prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - NA - NA - NA - - - - Saint Lucia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-lucia - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Saint Lucia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a comprehensive study to assess economically vulnerable populations in the country. The study will ultimately provide recommendations on effective ways to help the identified populations. The Trafficking in Persons Task Force also raised awareness through social media platforms and issued several press releases related to human trafficking. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Saint Lucia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in the sale and distribution of drugs. Saint Lucia's legal framework does not sufficiently protect children from hazardous work and illicit activities. In addition, policies addressing all forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, do not exist. - - - - 5-14 - 0.075 - 2017 - - - 5-14 - 0.997 - - - 7-14 - 0.082 - - - 0.998 - - - - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 392313 - 4 - No - No - N/A - No - 150 - 150 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - No - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - No - 30 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the forced labor of children in all instances. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit using or offering a child for commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit procuring or offering a child for illicit activities, including drug trafficking and production. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient funding for conducting labor inspections. - - - Authorize labor inspectors to assess penalties for labor law violations. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive initial training on child labor law enforcement, and that refresher courses are also provided for both labor inspectors and criminal investigators. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data on risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents, and by conducting unannounced inspections. - - - Increase the resources allocated to criminal investigators, including transportation and equipment. - - - Ensure that existing penalties are sufficient to deter employers from committing child labor violations. - - - Ensure thatthe judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to be tried in a timely manner. - - - - - Ensure that the Office of Gender Relations is able to carry out its intended mandate. - - - - - Ensure that theNational Social Protection Policy is implemented and fulfills its mandate. - - - Adopt policies to address the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, and make it accessible for all children by ensuring that violence does not occur at schools. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement all government funded programs. - - - Design and implement social programs that specifically target and assist children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities such as the sale and transportation of drugs. - - - Ensure that funding for social programs is sufficient so that it can meet the needs of all children, including vulnerable children, and that it does not highly rely on foreign assistance. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit funded and conducted specialized human trafficking training for 181 new police recruits, the entire staff of the Sexual Offenses Unit, and participants in the police force's 2020 Basic Development Training Course. In addition, a new National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking was approved for 2021–2025, and campaigns aimed at increasing public awareness of human trafficking were conducted at Argyle International Airport and other popular gathering sites, as well as on radio and television announcements. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Gaps remain in the legal framework, as the law does not fully meet international standards because the use of children for prostitution, pornography, or pornographic performances is not prohibited. In addition, the minimum age for hazardous work falls below international standards and there is no legislation prohibiting the using, procuring and offering of children in illicit activities, including in the production of drugs. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.055 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A* - - No - N/A* - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 618758 - 6 - No - No - N/A - No - 37 - 37 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with workers’ and employers’ organizations, and ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18. - - - Ensure the the use of children for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances is criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit the using, procuring and offering of children for illicit activities, including in the production of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for labor law violations. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by providing sufficient resources to conduct labor inspections, including by providing computers and training. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are provided initial trainings and refresher courses related to child labor. - - - Increase the amount of resources, including personnel and vehicles, for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Child Protection Policy Framework. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children in rural communities, by providing public transportation. - - - Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that the Zero Hunger Trust Fund program has sufficient resources to assist all children in need. - - - - - No - Yes - No - - - - Samoa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/samoa - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Samoa made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government submitted two pieces of draft legislation, the Labour and Employment Relations Amendment Act 2020 and the Child Protection Bill 2020, to be considered during the next session of parliament. Children in Samoa are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in street vending. Research found no evidence of laws that prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. While the government has a mechanism to coordinate inter-agency efforts to address child labor, it did not meet during the reporting period. In addition, the government did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement or criminal law enforcements efforts. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 1.089 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor, including street vending. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits commercial sexual exploitation of children between ages 16 to 18. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, or offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure access to free public education. - - - - - Publish information on the number of criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found; prosecutions initiated; convictions made, and penalties imposed. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services providers. - - - - - Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure the Child Vendor Taskforce meets regularly and effectively carries out its mandate. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Strategy for the Development of Samoa and the Education Sector Plan. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the UN Pacific Strategy during the reporting period. - - - - - Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children by fully eliminating school-related costs, including registration fees, uniforms, transportation fees. - - - Institute programs to address child labor, including in street vending and commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Samoa Decent Work Country Program during the reporting period. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the One Government Grant social program during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Senegal - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/senegal - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Senegal made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. A government initiative to address the COVID-19 pandemic through the "Zero Children" program removed 5,130 children from the streets, many of whom were victims of forced begging. The National Task Force Against Trafficking in Persons also finalized its National Action Plan for 2021–2023. In addition, the government created a new coordination mechanism that includes a National Unit for Coordination, Monitoring, and Follow Up of Emergency Protection of Children Against COVID-19. However, children in Senegal are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include domestic work or street work, areas in which there is evidence of potential harm to child workers, and labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lack resources to adequately enforce child labor law. In addition, an overlap of mandated activities among mechanisms to coordinate efforts to address child labor creates confusion and obstructs effective collaboration. - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.53 - - - 7-14 - 0.139 - - - 0.612 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 68 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 3 - 3 - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law governing hazardous work prohibitions for children is comprehensive. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Clarify the forced begging provisions in the Penal Code and the Law Concerning the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons to explicitly prohibit forced begging, including alms-seeking, under any circumstances. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children's involvement in child labor. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to that which education is compulsory. - - - Raise the minimum age for light work to age 13. - - - - - Publish all relevant information on labor inspectorate funding and on the number of inspections conducted, including those conducted at worksites. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice, provide adequate labor inspectorate funding, and ensure that cases of child labor are formally reported. - - - Ensure that laborinspectionsand enforcement are carried out in the informal sector. - - - Ensure that all violations are assessed a penalty, particularly in the most serious cases. - - - Establish a mechanism to receive child labor complaints, and track cases of child labor for referral to law enforcement or social service providers. - - - Track and publish Ginddi Center hotline call data to determine number of children served during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that the gendarmerie and police are trained to identify and report child labor violations. - - - Ensure that training for criminal investigators adequately addresses issues related to the worst forms of child labor in Senegal. - - - Publish criminal law enforcement data on the number of investigations, violations found, and imposed penalties on the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that courts have sufficient resources and coordination to be able to successfully prosecute cases. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating mechanisms on child labor are active and able to carry out their intended mandates by providing them with adequate resources, support, and mutually exclusive scopes of responsibility. - - - - - Ensure that policies are fully funded and implemented, and report on their activities. - - - Adopt a national policy to address child labor. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to better inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that all children have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, building schools in rural areas, training additional teachers, providing all children with access to birth registration, and protecting children in schools from sexual abuse. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in domestic work, agriculture, and mining, and ensure that adequate funding is available to support existing programs targeting the worst forms of child labor, including forced begging. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Support for the Implementation of the Senegal Timebound Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Senegal_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Serbia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/serbia - Europe and Eurasia - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Serbia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government increased the budget of the Labor Inspectorate and implemented online trainings for labor inspectors. Additionally, the government adopted a Strategy for Prevention and Protection of Children from Violence (2020–2023) and created a Ministry of Family Welfare and Demography, which will allow children's issues to be addressed by a single ministry rather than being split among multiple government ministries. However, children in Serbia remain subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in street work. Serbia's laws do not treat forced child beggars as victims of child labor, and the country's social welfare centers are overburdened, which limits efforts to provide services to victims of child labor. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.976 - - - 7-14 - 0.206 - - - 0.987 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - 3910898 - 217 - Yes - No - No - Yes - 62475 - 62427 - 20 - 10 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - 27 - 22 - 33 - 22 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the law does not treat child beggars as criminals. - - - Ensure that the Law on Children's Rights and Child Ombudsman is passed. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - - - Ensure that staff members at the Social Welfare Centers have sufficient resources, such as personnel and funding, to address the specific needs of child trafficking victims. - - - Train new labor inspectors on child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal investigators and agencies combating trafficking in persons have the necessary funding to conduct thorough investigations. - - - - - Ensure that the National Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Persons has a level of financial support that facilitates efforts to eliminate child labor. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Strategy for Roma Inclusion. - - - - - Address barriers to education, including access to birth registration documentation; increase access to education for children with disabilities; and increase access and retention rates for minority populations, particularly migrant and Roma children. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - - - Sierra Leone - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sierra-leone - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Sierra Leone made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a new National Action Plan Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, and carried out an awareness-raising campaign to promote education access for girls. However, children in Sierra Leone are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in mining and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in quarrying stone and fishing. The types of hazardous work prohibited for children do not cover all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, and the government does not have a sufficient number of labor inspectors to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. In addition, Sierra Leone lacks a national policy and social program to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. - - - Cocoa - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Diamonds - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Granite - Yes - No - No - - - Oil (Palm) - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.782 - - - 7-14 - 0.322 - - - 0.832 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 40000 - 29 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - No - No - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children’s involvement in child labor. - - - Ensure that the types of work that children perform in Sierra Leone that fall into a R. 190 category are prohibited to children under age 18. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Establish a complaint and reciprocal referral mechanism for labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Provide labor law and criminal law enforcement officials with sufficient resources to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. - - - Enforce laws prohibiting child labor in mining, particularly in the diamond mining sector. - - - Publish information on the number of labor inspections conducted, including at worksites. - - - Ensure that penalties for child labor violations are adequate to deter violations. - - - Ensure that unannounced inspections are permitted and conducted. - - - Improve coordination between criminal law enforcement agencies and provide sufficient training to enforcement personnel and the judiciary to ensure that violations are adequately investigated and prosecuted. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including training for criminal investigators, the number of investigations undertaken, criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that village-level and chiefdom-level Child Welfare Committees are established and operational in all areas. - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Adopt policies to address child labor in relevant sectors, such as mining, quarrying, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement social programs during the reporting period. - - - Ensure that data for household surveys are fully disaggregated and published so the prevalence of child labor at all ages, including below age 10, in Sierra Leone is known. - - - Institute programs in the education sector to address issues of lack transportation, to increase the number of schools and teachers, reduce school-related costs, and to eliminate abuse, including sexual and gender-based violence, by teachers and other students. - - - Increase the availability ofand fundingfor shelters and safe houses for victims of forced labor and for children removed from street work. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in the sectors of agriculture, domestic work, and street vending. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - CYCLE - Countering Youth and Child Labor through Education in Sierra Leone and Liberia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_CYCLE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Education Innovations - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI_TraffickingComponent_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Solomon Islands - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/solomon-islands - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, the Solomon Islands made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government created a revised version of its National Action Plan against Human Trafficking and People Smuggling and partnered with private companies to create and implement human trafficking awareness-raising campaigns targeting 12 communities in the Choiseul Province. However, children in the Solomon Islands are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the harvesting of palm oil fruits. The minimum age for work does not meet international standards, and the Solomon Islands has not established a minimum age for hazardous work or delineated the types of work considered hazardous for children. The government also did not publish labor and criminal law enforcement data for the reporting year. In addition, education is not compulsory, which increases children’s vulnerability to child labor exploitation. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.857 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - - - - - Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Raise the minimum age for employment to comply with international standards. - - - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, including the types of work for which there is evidence of hazards, such as in scavenging and agriculture. - - - Establish by law an age up to which educationis compulsory that extends to the minimum age for employment. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits child trafficking, regardless of whether threats, the use of force, or other forms of coercion can be established. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring the ability to assess penalties. - - - Publish information on the number of criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. - - - Allocate sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws, including increasing budget transparency. - - - Ensure agencies address issues with commitment, coordination, priorities, structural capacity, and budget allocations to enable them to enforce child labor laws. - - - Ensure that the government publishes information about the training system for labor inspectors. - - - - - Publish information on coordination mechanisms and efforts undertaken to address child labor. - - - - - Adopt a policy via the National Action Plan on Human Trafficking and People Smuggling that addresses all worst forms of child labor, including using children in commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Fee Free Basic Education Policy. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan on Human Trafficking and People Smuggling. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Fee Free Basic Education Policy. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Education Action Plan. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy. - - - - - Implement and fully fund programs to address andeliminatechild labor—especially in the agriculture sector—and the worst forms of child labor. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Eliminate barriers to basic education, including by improving access to school transportation and eliminating school-related fees. - - - - - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Somalia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/somalia - Sub-Saharan Africa - Yes - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Somalia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs established a Labor Inspectorate and hired and trained 35 labor inspectors. The government also created an Office for the Senior Advisor on Child Labor to lead the drafting and implementation of a National Action Plan to address the worst forms of child labor. Following nationwide school closures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Education worked with UNICEF to educate 141,816 children via Internet, television, and radio platforms. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Somalia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, there is evidence that federal and state security forces, as well as clan militias and al-Shabaab, continued to recruit and use children in armed conflict, in violation of national law. Children in Somalia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. Somali laws do not criminally prohibit child trafficking for labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. - - - - 5-14 - 0.383 - 5-14 - 0.442 - - - 7-14 - 0.047 - 7-14 - 0.066 - - - Unavailable - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - 14‡ - No - No - - - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - 0 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - 35 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - 2 - - - All Territories - All Territories - 2 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - 0 - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - N/A - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Unknown - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - All - All - No - - - - - All - All - No - - - - - All - All - No - - - - - All - All - Unknown - - - - - All - All - 1735 - - - - - All - All - Unknown - - - - - All - All - Unknown - - - - - All - All - Yes - - - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Clarify whether the pre-1991 Labor Code is still in effect under the Federal Government of Somalia. - - - Criminally prohibit child trafficking for the purpose of labor and sexual exploitation. - - - Criminally prohibit using, procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that penalties for the commercial sexual exploitation of children are sufficiently stringent to deter violations. - - - Ensure that the law protects children involved in commercial sexual exploitation from criminal charges. - - - Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. - - - Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the compulsory education age to be commensurate with the minimum age for work. - - - Ensure that Puntland's laws define a child as anyone under age 18, in accordance with international standards. - - - Ensure that a legal framework on child labor is in place that includes a minimum age for hazardous work; determines the activities in which light work may be permitted and prescribes the number of hours per week for light work; and, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, determines the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. - - - - - Report labor law enforcement information on the number of violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions achieved in all regions of Somalia. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient training and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict violators of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Cease the recruitment and use of child soldiers by the SPF, the National Intelligence and Security Agency, and the SNA, as well as Galmudug, Jubaland, and Puntland forces and all allied militia. Investigate, prosecute, and punish, as appropriate, all commanders who recruit and use children. - - - Ensure that children associated with armed groups are not detained with adults and refer these children to social services providers. Cease the practice of sentencing children to long prison terms for associating with armed groups. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between the labor inspectorate and social welfare services for children subjected to child labor. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate is funded, and increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Establish a referral mechanism between the SPF and social welfare services for children engaged in forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor. - - - - - Adopt policies to address child labor in agriculture, industry, street work, and domestic work. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible and safe for all children by removing all armed groups from educational facilities, constructing schools outside Mogadishu, removing enrollment fees, and ensuring nomadic and rural children have access. - - - Develop programs to address child labor, such as in street work and forced labor in agriculture. Expand existing programs to address the scope of children in armed conflict. - - - Ensure all social programs are implemented as intended. - - - Adopt a countrywide birth registration system to facilitate identification of child labor violations. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - South Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/south-africa - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, South Africa made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of South Africa increased its Child Support Grant, providing an additional $35 per month on top of the existing $33 per month to low-income recipients with children. However, children in South Africa are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging, each sometimes as the result of human trafficking. Labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties, and social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor. In addition, barriers to education remain, especially among migrant children who lack proper identification documents. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.903 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - $45 million - 1369 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 227990 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - N/A - Yes - 15 - 5 - 3 - 2 - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Publish information on funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number of child labor inspections conducted at worksites, the number of criminal investigations, the number of violations, the number of prosecutions, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. - - - Ensure that sufficient resources are provided to the labor inspectorate to conduct inspections, including recruiting new inspectors and inspections in which child labor is known to occur. - - - Ensure that law enforcement is trained to properly identify victims of the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors are provided adequate protection and security when conducting labor inspections on private property. - - - - - Ensure that all coordination bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates, which includes allocating funding for permanent staff and training. - - - - - Include a timeframe and benchmarks in the National Child Labor Program of Action for South Africa to properly monitor and assess the progress of efforts to combat child labor. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the South African Education Action Plan and the National Development Plan. - - - Ensure that all child labor policies are fully funded, implemented, and are able to carry out their mandates. - - - - - Ensure that migrants and refugees have equal access to education, and make additional efforts to provide all children with birth documentation. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related fees for basic education. - - - Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Ensure that children who qualify for the Child Support Grant are able to access the program's application material. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and - - - Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (TECL), Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa (TECL II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf - - - Development of a National Program of Action to Eradicate Child Labor in South Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAfrica_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Reporting on the State of the Nation's Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in the Republic of South Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAfrica_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - South Sudan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/south-sudan - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor - In 2020, South Sudan is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, South Sudan is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated a practice of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. Military forces continued to recruit children, sometimes forcibly, to fight opposition groups. Otherwise, the government made efforts by signing into law a United Nations comprehensive action plan to end grave violations against children, inaugurating a juvenile court, and deploying a distance-learning program that reached 1.5 million children. Children in South Sudan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including use in armed conflict and cattle herding. The government did not hold perpetrators of child labor accountable and has yet to ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. In addition, police continued to arrest and imprison children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation rather than treating them as victims. - - - Cattle - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - 10-14 - 0.456 - 463624 - 0.602 - 0.382 - 0.016 - - - 6-14 - 0.315 - - - 10-14 - 0.109 - - - 0.274 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 13 - No - No - - - - 68138 - 14 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 39 - 39 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - N/A - No - Unknown - 82 - 0 - 0 - Yes - No - - - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that the compulsory education age is consistent with the minimum age for work. - - - Ensure that the worst forms of child labor are prohibited for all children under age 18 by law. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Labor drafts and issues regulations to implement key elements related to child labor, including the number of hours and conditions for light work, and the exceptions under which 16-year-old children may perform hazardous work. - - - - - Ensure that labor regulations specify monetary penalties for all labor infractions, and that specified penalties are high enough to serve as a deterrent. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country, including in the informal sector, and collect and publish labor force statistics, which are necessary to calculate ILO labor inspector recommendations. - - - Provide sufficient human and financial resources to ensure that labor inspectors carry out routine inspections, including targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to high-risk sectors and patterns of serious incidents; that detected violations are reported, as required by law; and that labor inspectorate staff are paid at regular intervals. - - - Publish the data on initial training for new criminal investigators and refresher courses provided, number of criminal investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured, and prosecute all perpetrators of child labor. - - - End state recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, including forced recruitment of children. - - - Investigate, prosecute, and impose penalties on perpetrators; and ensure that penalties are sufficiently high to deter future offenders. - - - Establish referral mechanisms between criminal law enforcement agencies and social services providers for victims of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that prosecutors and law enforcement officials are familiar with the prohibitions on the worst forms of child labor, are trained in implementing all laws related to child labor, and do not treat victims of commercial sexual exploitation as offenders. - - - Ensure that the Child Act’s minimum age of 18 years for voluntary military recruitment is enforced by ending all recruitment and use of children under age 18 by the South Sudan People's Defense Force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army–In Opposition, or associated militias. - - - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor, and ensure mandates are clearly defined. - - - Ensure that the Technical Task Force on Anti-Human Trafficking and the South Sudan Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Commission are funded. - - - - - Ensure that policies, such as the Joint Action Plan to Prevent the Use of Child Soldiers, Article 2.1.10 of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, and the General Education Strategic Plan, are adequately funded and fully implemented. - - - - - Conduct a national child labor survey, including research to determine the activities carried out by children, to inform policies and social programs. - - - Ensure that children complete their primary education by resuming payment of teachers’ salaries and subsidizing other school-related costs, and by withdrawing government forces from occupied schools. - - - Improve access to education by addressing the lack of school infrastructure, including for pastoralist children; reducing school fees; and registering all children at birth. - - - Increase the scope of social programs to reach more children at risk of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and child soldiering. - - - Cooperate with child protection agencies, pursuant to Article 2.1.10 of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, to disarm, immediately release children in armed groups, and transfer them to appropriate social services providers. Ensure that the rehabilitation services provided to child soldiers are sufficient. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - - - Sri Lanka - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sri-lanka - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Sri Lanka made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government raised the minimum age for employment from 14 to 16 years, which is also the compulsory education age. It also took steps towards implementing the regulations on the Hazardous Occupations Regulations Gazette under the Employment of Women, Young Persons and Children Act, and developed a COVID-19 Child Vulnerability Survey. Furthermore, the government increased its number of labor inspectors from 494 to 588 and approved a new National Strategic Plan to Monitor and Combat Human Trafficking (2021–2025). Finally, the government implemented a cash transfer program for families who lost their income due to the COVID-19 pandemic and other social welfare programs targeting low-income households that are aimed at reducing the economic vulnerabilities of children. However, children in Sri Lanka are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, research indicates some victims of child trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation may be penalized for prostitution and other offenses rather than treated as victims. In addition, the labor inspectorate is not authorized to assess penalties for labor law violations. Some children in rural areas face barriers to accessing education, including difficulties in traveling to school in some regions and an inadequate number of teachers. Also, the government does not fully disaggregate criminal data, including cases investigated for forced child labor, child trafficking, child commercial sexual exploitation, and the use of children in illicit activities. - - - - 5-14 - 0.008 - 28515 - 0.421 - 0.219 - 0.36 - - - 5-14 - 0.98 - - - 7-14 - 0.009 - - - 1.024 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 2194101 - 588 - No - Unknown - N/A - Yes - 44439 - 41374 - 6 - 6 - 6 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 6 - 2 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited to children are comprehensive, including domestic work. - - - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for labor law violations. - - - Collect and publish information on labor law enforcement actions, including initial training for new labor inspectors, and on criminal law enforcement actions, including initial training for criminal investigators. - - - Collect and publish disaggregated information on the number of investigations and violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - Provide investigators with additional funding and adequate facilities, including transportation and facilities to record evidence, and human resources to adequately investigate forced labor, child trafficking, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Provide adequate staffing in the northern and eastern provinces for the labor inspectorate to carry out inspections. - - - Ensure that victims of child trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation are not punished for their involvement in child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. - - - - - Ensure that the definition of child labor used in national child labor surveys to calculate child labor statistics clearly aligns with international standards. - - - Eliminate barriers to education, including difficulties with transportation to schools and an inadequate number of teachers. - - - Institute programs to address the risks of child labor in tea estates and in coastal, agricultural, mining, and firewood-producing areas. - - - Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf - - - Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work in Sri Lanka - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-fundamental-principles-and-rights-work-sri-lanka - - - Emergency Response to Child Labor in Selected Tsunami Affected Areas in Sri Lanka - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SriLanka_Tsunami_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Sudan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sudan - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - - - Suriname - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/suriname - Latin America and the Caribbean - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Suriname made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government drafted and approved a new National Action Plan for the Prevention and Response to Trafficking in Persons. It also hired 20 new labor inspectors, increasing the size of the Labor Inspectorate from 50 to 70. However, children in Suriname are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards. In addition, the compulsory education age does not reach the minimum age for employment, leaving some children vulnerable to labor exploitation. Suriname also lacked targeted inspections in risk-prone sectors. - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.953 - - - 7-14 - 0.073 - - - 0.859 - - - - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 12 - No - No - - - - Unknown - 70 - Yes - Yes - N/A - Yes - 400 - 400* - 0 - 0 - 2 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - N/A - Yes - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - No - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Increase the compulsory education age to at least age 16, the minimum age for work. - - - Ensure that all children, including children of foreign-born parents, have access to free public education. - - - Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - - - Publish information on Labor Inspectorate funding. - - - Ensure that the Labor Inspectorate is sufficiently funded to cover labor inspections in both the formal and informal sectors of the labor force. - - - Strengthen the Labor Inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on the analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors, such as in fisheries and the interior of the country, particularly in mining and agricultural areas in which child labor is likely to occur. - - - Increase the number of investigators responding to human trafficking cases, and allocate sufficient funding to ensure that criminal law enforcement officers have the resources necessary to conduct investigations, particularly in the interior of the country and informal mining areas. - - - - - Develop social programs to prevent and eradicate child labor in agriculture and mining and to improve secondary school attendance, particularly in the interior. - - - Strengthen social services and shelters to assist child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and human trafficking. - - - Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees, reducing transportation costs, increasing access to schools in remote locations, and removing requirements for documentation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear - - - - - São Tomé and Príncipe - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/são-tomé-and-príncipe - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, São Tomé and Príncipe made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched the Girls Empowerment and Quality Education for All project, which aims to provide safe learning spaces, improve school infrastructure, and work with families and communities to empower girls with relevant life skills. The program also aims to increase school readiness for both boys and girls by substantially boosting education, in particular within the areas of literacy and numeracy. The government also created the Department of Child Protection, which is housed under the Directorate of Social Protection and Solidarity. The new department leads a multi-sector team focused on combating child labor. However, children in São Tomé and Príncipe are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Labor Code permits children younger than age 14 to work under certain circumstances, which is not consistent with international standards. Lastly, limited financial resources hampered law enforcement efforts, and criminal law enforcement did not take actions to combat child labor during the reporting period. In addition, the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor was not implemented due to a lack of financial resources. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.892 - - - 7-14 - 0.249 - - - 0.843 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15† - No - Yes - - - - 25000 - 4 - Yes - N/A - N/A - No - 60 - 60 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - N/A - No - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work of age 15 applies to all children. - - - Adopt legislation defining the activities and conditions permissible for light work. - - - Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children who are self-employed. - - - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - - - Provide inspectors and investigators with appropriate training, and equip labor inspectors and criminal investigators with the necessary resources to conduct inspections, including fuel and transportation. - - - - - Ensure the Anti-Child Labor Committee is able to carry out its intended mandate. - - - - - Adopt policies to address the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - - - Implement programs that specifically target child labor in agriculture. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Decent Work Country Program during the reporting period. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone - - - - - Taiwan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/taiwan - - - Fish - No - Yes - No - - - - - Tajikistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tajikistan - - - Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Tanzania - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tanzania - Sub-Saharan Africa - Yes - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, The United Republic of Tanzania made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Zanzibar Government increased funding of its labor inspectorate and hired an additional 16 labor inspectors. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Tanzania is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The Mainland Government explicitly supports the routine expulsion of pregnant students from public schools, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Tanzania are subjected to the worst forms of child Iabor, including in mining, quarrying, and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Mainland Government did not publicly release information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Other gaps remain in the legal framework and enforcement of laws related to child labor, including protections for child engagement in illicit activities and domestic work; the lack of authorization for the labor inspectorate to assess penalties; and the likely insufficient number of labor inspectors for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. - - - Cloves - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Nile Perch (fish) - Yes - No - No - - - Sisal - Yes - No - No - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - Tanzanite (gems) - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.293 - 3573467 - 0.941 - 0.01 - 0.049 - - - 5-14 - 0.743 - - - 7-14 - 0.246 - - - 0.68 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - - No - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - 14 - No - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - 15 - No - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - - No - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - No - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - 13 - No - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - 13 - No - No - - - - - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 20171 - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 27 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - No - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - N/A - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - N/A - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 339 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 339 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 0 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - N/A - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - N/A - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland and Zanzibar - Mainland and Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - All Territories - All Territories - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - No - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - N/A - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - N/A - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 0 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 0 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - N/A - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Unknown - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - 0 - - - - - Mainland - Mainland - Yes - - - Zanzibar - Zanzibar - Yes - - - - - - - Ensure that minimum age protections apply to all children, including those engaged in domestic work. - - - Expand the list of hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children to ensure that the list includes weeding and processing in the production of tobacco, cloves, coffee, sisal, and tea. - - - Criminalize the use of children in illicit activities, particularly in producing and trafficking drugs. - - - Criminalize the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law a compulsory age for education, which leaves no gap between the age of compulsory education and minimum age for work. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Authorize Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar labor inspectorates to assess penalties. - - - Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and refresher courses. - - - Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts. - - - Ensure the appointment of a dedicated labor officer for each region, and publish this information. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet ILO’s technical advice. - - - Provide sufficient funding to ensure adequate enforcement of labor laws. - - - Institutionalize training for criminal law enforcement investigators, including by training new investigators. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating committees are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Implement the National Strategy on Elimination of Child Labor. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Plan of Action to End Violence Against Women and Children in Tanzania during the reporting period. - - - Eliminate provisions in the Primary School Leaving Examination that are barriers to education, such as the no re-take policy. - - - Incorporate child labor prevention and elimination strategies, and ensure the full implementation of the Zanzibar Education Policy to limit dropouts. - - - - - End legal restrictions that limit the sharing of information related to child labor. - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible to all children in Tanzania by ensuring adequate resources for children with disabilities and learning disorders, increasing resources for teachers, classrooms, food, and sanitation facilities, while defraying informal costs imposed onto families, including school uniforms, books, and other learning materials. - - - Ensure that schools do not prohibit access to education for pregnant girls. - - - Improve harmonization of child labor prevention and elimination measures into the Social Action Fund Conditional Cash Transfer Program to increase its effectiveness in preventing and eliminating child labor. - - - Integrate programs that include the construction, mining, quarrying, domestic service, fishing, and informal sectors to address children engaged in child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations - - - WEKEZA: Wezesha Ustawi, Endeleza Kiwango cha Elimu Kuzia Ajira kwa Watoto/ INVEST: Supporting Livelihoods and Developing Quality Education to Stop Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/wekeza-wezesha-ustawi-endeleza-kiwango-cha-elimu-kuzia-ajira-kwa-watoto-invest - - - Tanzania Education Alternatives for Children (TEACH) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TEACH_closed_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Tanzania - Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Education Component of the Timebound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TBP_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Tanzania - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-worst-forms-child-labor-tanzania - - - - - Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/thailand - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Thailand made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government made its Thailand Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force into a permanent agency, and led the biggest and most successful online child sexual exploitation sting operations in Thailand. The government also collaborated closely with U.S. law enforcement agencies and other partners, leading to 97 arrests for the commercial sexual exploitation of children and the rescue of 43 children. In total, Thai police rescued 72 children from commercial sexual exploitation in 2020. In addition, the government enacted a law that sets the minimum age for workers employed as deep sea divers at 18 years old and proposed an amendment allowing teenage children of boat captains to intern only on their family's fishing boats. The government also piloted its first shelter to provide services specifically to LGBTQI+ victims. However, children in Thailand are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children, some as young as age 12, also participate for remuneration in Muay Thai competitions, an area of hazardous work in which there is evidence of serious head injuries. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it does not meet the international standard for the minimum age for work because the law does not grant protections to children working outside of formal employment relationships. Enforcement of child labor laws also remains a challenge due to an insufficient number of inspectors and resources to physically inspect remote workplaces in informal sectors. - - - Fish - No - Yes - No - - - Garments - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - - - Shrimp - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.13 - 1302267 - - - 5-14 - 0.963 - - - 7-14 - 0.144 - - - 0.944 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 1135774 - 1889 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 39723 - 39723 - 10 - 10 - 10 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - 26 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to children working outside of employment relationships. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including paid participation in Muay Thai, in which there is evidence that children are exposed to physical dangers. - - - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Collect and publish comprehensive data on the number of investigations conducted and convictions for all crimes related to child labor, including the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure provincial government and court officials are provided adequate training on human trafficking issues—specifically in cases of male children in commercial sexual exploitation—to afford boys the same protections as girls. - - - Ensure law enforcement officials report all human trafficking incidences. - - - Ensure labor inspectors are provided training necessary to conduct inspections at remote informal sector workplaces, including in agriculture and domestic work. - - - - - Improve access to education, especially for ethnic minority and migrant children, including by clarifying to school officials, either under the Ministry of Education or local governments, the necessary documents non-Thai students need to submit for enrollment, raising awareness of migrant children's right to education, and addressing language barriers for non-Thai speaking students, including on public school applications. Ensure Migrant Learning Centers are accredited. - - - Conduct research and data prevalence surveys to ensure that there are sufficient social programs to address child labor in the agriculture, garment manufacturing, domestic work, and construction sectors. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient social programs to assist children from vulnerable groups, such as migrant children, who are at high risk of the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient social programs to assist children from vulnerable groups, such as LGBTQI+ children, who face additional barriers to education that may increase their risk of dropping out of school and engaging in child labor. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas - - - Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Fair Fish: Fostering Accountability in Recruitment for Fishery Workers - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/fair-fish-fostering-accountability-recruitment-fishery-workers - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Shrimp and Seafood Processing Areas in Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labour-shrimp-and-seafood-processing-areas-thailand - - - Support for National Action to Combat Child Labor and its Worst Forms in Thailand - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_CECL%26Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Thailand Sex Trafficking Task Force: Prevention and Placement - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_TraffickingTaskForce_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - The North and Northeast Program to Prevent Child Labor and Forced Child Prostitution, Phases 1 & 2 - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_Trafficking_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Timor-Leste - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/timor-leste - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Timor-Leste made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Inter-Agency Trafficking Working Group continued work on the draft decree that outlines the roles and responsibilities of the yet-to-be established Anti-Trafficking Commission, and the National Commission Against Child Labor met regularly throughout the year. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Timor-Leste is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement due to a continued practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. While no law or policy prohibits pregnant girls from attending school, reports during the reporting period indicate that orders from school principals forced girls to leave school when they became pregnant, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Timor-Leste are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture. - - - - 5-14 - 0.123 - 40337 - 0.369 - 0.073 - 0.558 - - - 5-14 - 0.837 - - - 7-14 - 0.124 - - - 1.052 - - - - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - No - 17 - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - 246000 - 26 - Yes - N/A - N/A - No - 1200 - Unknown - 0 - 0 - 0 - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - N/A - Yes - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Yes - N/A - - - - - Ensure that the law protects children between the ages of 17 and 18 from engagement in all the worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation, illicit activities, and hazardous work. - - - Ensure that children receive adequate training specific to the type of work they are undertaking, and ensure that their health, safety, and morals are protected in accordance with international minimum age standards for hazardous work. - - - Raise the minimum age for hazardous work to 18 to meet international standards. - - - Ensure that the List of Hazardous Occupations and Activities Prohibited for Children is harmonized with the Labor Code and Penal Code. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be undertaken. - - - Finalize the implementation regulations and guidance on the 2017 Law on Preventing and Combating Human Trafficking. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Ensure that a budget is passed in a timely fashion and allows sufficient funding of the Secretariat of State for Professional Training and Employment Policy to carry out labor inspections. - - - Ensure that the Secretariat of State for Professional Training and Employment Policy is staffed with the appropriate number of labor inspectors to conduct the targeted number of labor inspections. - - - Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient training related to the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking victim assistance. - - - Ensure that the Secretariat of State for Professional Training and Employment Policy has the legal authority to conduct inspections in the informal sector, including on family farms and domestic work. - - - Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement agencies receive sufficient funding to carry out inspections and investigations, especially in rural areas of Timor-Leste, including funding for vehicles and fuel. - - - Publish labor law enforcement information, including the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites and the number of routine inspections conducted. - - - Ensure that the Vulnerable Persons Unit receives funding to carry out investigations. - - - Finalize and disseminate standard operating procedures related to human trafficking victim identification. - - - Ensure that criminal and civil cases are tried in a timely manner, including the 2018 case against the Liquica District Administrator, and that cases of human trafficking are properly classified. - - - Collect, disaggregate, and publish criminal law enforcement data related to human trafficking. - - - Investigate, prosecute, and convict perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Ensure the establishment of the Anti-Human Trafficking Commission. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies to address child labor during the reporting period. - - - Adopt the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor. - - - Finalize and adopt the National Action Plan on Combating Human Trafficking. - - - - - Create a centralized database to capture human trafficking data that is accessible to all relevant government stakeholders. - - - Improve access to education by eliminating school related fees, making schools accessible for children with disabilities, and providing safe and healthy sanitation facilities, especially for girls. - - - Ensure that the Ministry of Education draft policy encouraging female students to return to school after giving birth is approved, and that a policy providing education for girls during their pregnancy is drafted. - - - Ensure that pregnant girls have access to education, including transfer documents. - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Child Labor Education and Outreach Program, Services for Street Children, Mother’s Purse (Bolsa da Mãe), and Casa Vida social programs during the reporting period. - - - Institute programs to address child labor and the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - - - Togo - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/togo - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Togo made moderate advancement in its efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted a National Action Plan for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor and passed a ministerial decree, which defined and prohibited hazardous work for children under 18 years old. In addition, the government intercepted 250 children at risk of human trafficking at the border and provided them social services. However, children in Togo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in domestic work. The government has not devoted sufficient resources to combat child labor, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties for child labor violations. In addition, the government does not publish data related to its efforts to criminal enforcement of child labor laws. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.861 - - - 7-14 - 0.295 - - - 0.884 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - 73162 - 128 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 569 - 126 - 22 - 8 - 0 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that written law prohibits children from performing all types of hazardous labor. - - - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing labor inspectors to assess penalties. - - - Publish information about the number and type of inspections conducted, violations found, and the number of child labor penalties that were imposed and collected. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have the time and resources to carry out their primary duties of inspection and monitoring of labor laws throughout the country, including in the informal sector. - - - Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted, criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal investigators have sufficient financial and physical resources to adequately enforce criminal laws against child labor. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive training, including on new laws and refresher courses, and that all regional offices have copies of relevant laws related to child labor. - - - Enforce legal penalties for criminal violations, such as child trafficking. - - - Provide information on government actions based on Allo 1011 complaints. - - - Ensure that court system processes for addressing child trafficking are timely so as not to deter victims from reporting. - - - Address issues of poor recordkeeping and high investigator turnover to ensure solid adequate enforcement capacity. - - - - - Provide coordinating bodies with sufficient resources to implement their mandates to combat child labor. - - - Fully implement any agreement signed to protect child trafficking. - - - - - Ensure that programs undertake intended projects and report on these activities, including for the National Development Plan. - - - Implement a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees; ensuring that schools are free from sexual and physical violence; and increasing the number of schools. - - - Ensure that social protection programs to combat child labor receive adequate funding and are sufficient to address the scope of the problem in all relevant sectors. - - - Ensure that social protection programs to combat child labor receive adequate funding and are sufficient to address the scope of the problem in all relevant sectors. - - - Ensure that child labor elimination and prevention strategies are integrated into all relevant programs. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Sector Plan. - - - Ensure that social programs target commercial sexual exploitation and domestic work in addition to alleviating poverty and promoting education. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor in Togo Through Education (TBP Preparatory Project) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Togo_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Child Trafficking in Togo Through Education (COMBAT) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Togo_COMBAT_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Tokelau - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tokelau - Indo-Pacific - - No Advancement - Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Tokelau, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor, as the law does not criminally prohibit forced labor and child trafficking. In addition, Tokelau has not established a minimum age for work and does not prohibit hazardous occupations for children. - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - - - Establish a minimum age for work that meets international standards and conformsto the compulsory education age. - - - Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. - - - Establish laws that criminally prohibit forced labor, including slavery. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit the trafficking of children domestically and internationally for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and do not require the use of force to be established for the crime of trafficking. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy during the reporting period. - - - - - Establish a reliable transportation program to ensure that children are able to attend school. - - - - - NA - Yes - NA - - - - Tonga - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tonga - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Tonga made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government ratified International Labor Organization Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor. In addition, the government released the results of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, the first nationwide survey on children and women in Tonga. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Tonga is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Research indicates that there are no labor inspectors and there is no legal authority to conduct labor inspections. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in farming and fishing. Gaps in the legal framework also remain; the country has no laws specifying a minimum age for work or defining hazardous forms of work for children under age 18, leaving children unprotected from labor exploitation. In addition, the government has not integrated child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies to address child labor, including its worst forms. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.946 - - - 7-14 - 0.478 - - - 1.161 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - - 0 - 0 - N/A - No - N/A - No - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - Yes - No - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - 0 - 0 - 0 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol. - - - Establish labor regulations that include a minimum age of 15 for employment and a minimum age of 18 for hazardous work, in accordance with international standards. - - - Create and publish a list ofhazardous occupations and activities that are prohibited for children. - - - Ensure that laws specifically prohibit domestic human trafficking of children. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits forced labor, including debt bondage and slavery. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation for both girls and boys under age 18. - - - Ensure that the law prohibitsthe use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Hire and train labor inspectors to conduct workplace inspections and enforce child labor laws, including the position of Chief Labor Inspector. - - - Establish and funda labor inspectorate with the authority to conduct labor inspections, including routine inspections rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received, andassess penalties for child labor violations. - - - Provide labor authorities and criminal investigators with the training and resources necessary to enforce laws prohibiting child labor, including laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and conduct refresher courses. - - - Establish formal referral mechanisms among the labor authorities, the police, and social welfare services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement activities, efforts, and relevant data. - - - - - Establish a coordinating mechanism to combat the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy (2018–2022) during the reporting period. - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies intorelevant policies. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including its worst forms, to inform policies and programs. - - - Update all school buildings to ensure accessibility for students with disabilities. - - - Implement social programs to address all worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, agriculture, and fishing. - - - - - Yes - Yes - No - - - - Tunisia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tunisia - Middle East and North Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Tunisia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Social Affairs published a list of hazardous work that is prohibited for children. The Ministry of Education also introduced a new Second Chance program for children who dropped out of school that would assist them in either completing their education or receiving vocational training. In addition, the government provided cash transfers to families to help mitigate the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, children in Tunisia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and begging, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in scavenging for garbage and in street work. The law’s minimum age protections cannot be enforced with respect to children who are engaged in work on inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the property owner, a complaint to child protection delegates, or a court order to access the property. The government provided partial data on its criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. - - - - 5-14 - 0.03 - 50364 - - - 5-14 - 0.942 - - - 7-14 - 0.028 - - - 0.951 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 329 - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - 94 - 82 - 17 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Provide adequate staff and other resources, including fuel and transportation, to enable the labor inspectorate to conduct a greater number of inspections, particularly in remote areas and in the informal economy. - - - Ensure that mechanisms exist to enforce the minimum age protections for children working on inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the property owner or a court order. - - - Collect and publish information related to the enforcement of child labor laws, including the funding of the labor inspectorate, the training of labor inspectors, the number and types of labor inspections conducted, and the number of child labor violations found, penalties imposed, and penalties collected. - - - Collect and publish information on criminal law enforcement of child labor laws, including on law enforcement training and the number of criminal child labor investigations that were initiated, violations identified, prosecutions initiated, convictions secured, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Increase penalties for those who employ children in violation of child labor law protections to deter potential violations and reduce recidivism. - - - Ensure that law enforcement and the judiciary are fully informed as to the existence and application of anti-trafficking penalties, and impose when appropriate. - - - - - Publish information on whether all social policies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Publish the microdata of the 2017 National Child Labor Survey so that the information can inform programming and policies. - - - Address barriers to education, especially for children in rural areas, such as unreliable transportation, household poverty, and physical violence in schools. - - - Ensure that social programs have sufficient resources to carry out their mandates. - - - Expand existing programs to fully address the scope of the child labor problem, including in agriculture, fishing, commerce, manufacturing, domestic work, and construction. - - - Establish long-term support and relocation options for victims of child labor and trafficking in persons. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map - - - - - Turkey - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/turkey - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Piloting the USDA Guidelines in the Hazelnut Supply Chain in Turkey - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/piloting-usda-guidelines-hazelnut-supply-chain-turkey-0 - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Turkey - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Turkey_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Turkey – Supporting the Timebound National Policy and Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Turkey - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Turkey_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Citrus Fruits - Yes - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - - - Cumin - Yes - No - No - - - Footwear - Yes - No - No - - - Furniture - Yes - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - No - No - - - Hazelnuts - Yes - No - No - - - Peanuts - Yes - No - No - - - Pulses (legumes) - Yes - No - No - - - Sugar Beets - Yes - No - No - - - - - Turkmenistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/turkmenistan - - - Cotton - Yes - Yes - No - - - - - Tuvalu - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tuvalu - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Tuvalu made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government, with support from UNICEF, conducted the 2019–2020 Tuvalu Social Development Indicator Survey to assess the prevalence and cause of child labor. The government also secured a Global Partnership for Education grant to help develop remote learning materials and provide teachers with training on remote learning interventions. In addition, the government finalized the 2017 Child Care and Welfare Bill, which, if passed, will be the first law in Tuvalu to have comprehensive provisions for issues related to children's rights, including child labor. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Tuvalu engage in child labor in fishing and domestic work. The government has not specified, by national law or regulation, the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, Tuvalu lacks information on labor law and criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.787 - - - - No - Yes - No - No - No - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - 4 - Unknown - No - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 0 - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol. - - - Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for all children in consultation with employers' and workers’ organizations. - - - Ensure that the law prescribes a harsher punishment for individuals involved in the trafficking of children than for those involved in the trafficking of adults. - - - Establish by law free basic public education. - - - - - Publish labor law enforcement information, including labor inspectorate funding, ability to assess penalties, the number of labor inspections conducted, number of labor inspections conducted at worksite, number of child labor violations found, number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, whether routine inspections were conducted, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted. - - - Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including by training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and providing refresher courses. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including initial training for new criminal investigators, training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, whether refresher courses were provided, number of investigations related to the worst forms of child labor, number of violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, and number of imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the Tuvalu Human Rights National Action Plan (2016–2020) during the reporting period. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in the fishing sector, to inform policies and programs. - - - Institute programs to address child labor in the fishing sector. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Uganda - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uganda - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Uganda made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Uganda launched new policies to address the worst forms of child labor, including an action plan to combat trafficking in persons and a child protection policy that prioritizes the elimination of child labor. In partnership with international stakeholders, Uganda also began implementing the Accelerating Action for the Elimination of Child Labor in Supply Chains in Africa program, specifically targeting child labor in coffee and tea production. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Uganda is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to prosecute, convict, and sentence public officials, including police and immigration officers, who participate in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. Children in Uganda are subjected to the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Gaps in the legal framework persist, including inadequate laws regulating the minimum age for employment and hazardous work. In addition, the lack of a centralized supervisory authority along with inadequate funding, training, and resources, hampered the capacity of law enforcement agencies to conduct child labor inspections and investigations. Finally, the government has not taken steps to implement its National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor. - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - - - Charcoal - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - - - Gold - Yes - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - - - Sand - Yes - No - No - - - Stones - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - Vanilla - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.222 - 2525644 - 0.949 - 0.018 - 0.033 - - - 5-14 - 0.851 - - - 7-14 - 0.259 - - - 0.527 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - No - 16 - No - No - - - No - 18 - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 13‡ - No - No - - - - 320000 - 168 - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - 421 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - - - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that all children are protected by a consistent minimum age for work law, including children who do not work under a formal employment relationship. - - - Ensure that only minors age 16 and older who have received adequate, specific instruction or vocational training are permitted to perform hazardous work, and that their health, safety, and morals are fully protected. - - - Align the definition of child trafficking in the Children (Amendment) Act with international standards by ensuring that force, fraud, or coercion are not required elements in child trafficking cases. - - - Ensure that the law requires free, compulsory education up to age 16 so that it is commensurate with the minimum age for work. - - - - - Publish information on trainings offered to inspectors, worksite inspections conducted, number of child labor violations found, number of child labor penalties imposed, and number of penalties collected. - - - Enhance the authority of the labor inspectorate by enabling it to assess penalties and ensure the inspectorate is using its existing authorities to inspect private farms and homes and to conduct sufficient routine and unannounced inspections. - - - Provide sufficient training to labor inspectors, initial training to new criminal investigators, and refresher training to existing investigators, to ensure that officials understand and are able to identify, categorize, and investigate child labor cases. - - - Provide the labor inspectorate with sufficient funding and resources at the district level to ensure that inspectors are present in all districts and are able to carry out their duties. - - - Improve coordination between national and district-level child labor enforcement bodies to ensure that relevant data are shared and child labor inspections are prioritized across the country. - - - Ensure that child labor cases reach the Industrial Court and that penalties are assessed by addressing monitoring issues and improving the court's reach outside urban centers. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Publish disaggregated data on number of investigations, violations, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. - - - Significantly increase efforts to investigate, prosecute, and, as appropriate, convict and sentence government officials for their role in the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. - - - Strengthen mechanisms for following up on child labor claims and referring street children, including potential human trafficking victims, to social services providers, and prevent these children from being detained and abused by police. - - - Increase the capacity of criminal law enforcement agencies to respond to the worst forms of child labor by dedicating more personnel to worst forms of child labor cases and improving training for criminal law enforcement staff. - - - - - Ensure that coordinating mechanisms are active and sufficiently funded to be able to operate and carry out their mandates. - - - - - Ensure that district labor action plans reflect the Ministry of Gender, Labor, and Social Development's priorities. - - - Ensure that existing policies addressing child labor are implemented as intended. - - - - - Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by eliminating costs for supplies, uniforms, and materials; addressing physical and sexual violence; and ensuring sufficient teachers, infrastructure, and transportation in rural areas. - - - Enhance efforts to ensure that refugee children have equal access to educational opportunities by addressing gender-based violence and exploitation, harassment, and refugee discrimination; accommodating the language needs of refugee students; and ensuring that there are well-equipped schools accessible to refugee settlements. - - - Ensure the availability of shelters for victims of child labor, including child trafficking victims. - - - Expand existing social programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in mining and commercial sexual exploitation, in all areas of the country. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear - - - Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf - - - Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa - - - Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - African Youth Empowerment and Development Initiative (AYEDI) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/african-youth-empowerment-and-development-initiative-ayedi-0 - - - Project of Support for the Preparatory Phase of the Uganda National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_TBP_Prep_0.pdf - - - Livelihoods, Education and Protection to End Child Labor in Uganda (L.E.A.P.) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_LEAP_0.pdf - - - Opportunities for Reducing Adolescent and Child Labor through Education (O.R.A.C.L.E.) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_ORACLE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Uganda - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - SIMPOC: National Survey - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/simpoc-national-survey-0 - - - Combating and Preventing HIV/AIDS-Induced Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa: Pilot Action in Uganda and Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_HIVAIDS_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Ukraine - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ukraine - Europe and Eurasia - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Ukraine made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, Ukraine’s Cabinet of Ministers adopted a resolution implementing a risk-based approach to conducting planned inspections, including the use of child labor as one of the criteria for assessing risk. It also implemented measures to address undocumented work, including signing a Memorandum of Understanding on decent work with the International Labor Organization. The number of labor inspectors increased significantly from 2019, and the government reported that all inspections were unannounced. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Ukraine is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continues to implement a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In August 2019, the government issued Cabinet of Ministers Decree No. 823, which requires that businesses receive notification at least 5 working days in advance of an onsite labor inspection where previously no such notification was required. Although unannounced inspections reportedly took place during the reporting period, the decree remains in place. Children in Ukraine are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of pornography. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Children living in the Russia-controlled Donbas region of eastern Ukraine and Russia-occupied Crimea are increasingly vulnerable to exploitation as the government of Ukraine does not have control over these regions and is therefore not able to address the worst forms of child labor due to the ongoing conflict. The government also collected few of the financial penalties imposed for child labor violations and lacked social programs designed to assist children engaged in hazardous work in mining. - - - Amber - Yes - No - No - - - Coal - Yes - No - No - - - Pornography - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.097 - 385204 - 0.97 - 0.005 - 0.025 - - - 5-14 - 0.972 - - - 7-14 - 0.12 - - - 1.026 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 17‡ - No - Yes - - - - $16.3 million - 1815 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 14803 - 14803 - 49 - 49 - 10 - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 262 - 188 - 188 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Prohibit all children under age 16 from working in hazardous occupations during vocational training. - - - Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. - - - - - Strengthen the labor inspection system by removing restrictions on labor inspectors' authority to conduct unannounced onsite inspections, both proactively and in response to complaints. - - - Authorize the State Labor Service to enforce collection of delinquent penalties to ensure that all penalties imposed are collected. - - - Ensure that all labor inspectors, including those working outside the capital, receive training on child trafficking. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors employed by regional governments receive adequate training that is consistent with that provided to labor inspectors employed by the State Labor Service. - - - Increase funding for the State Labor Service to ensure that the labor inspectorate has adequate capacity to address the scope of the child labor problem. - - - Track and publish data on the number of convictions and penalties imposed for criminal violations of child labor laws. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including hazardous child labor in mining. - - - Implement all policies addressing child labor, including the National Action Plan for Implementation of UN CRC and the Resolution on the Social Protection of Children and Urgent Measures to Protect the Rights of the Child. - - - - - Conduct research to gather comprehensive data on child labor, including the activities carried out by children working in mining, farming, raising animals, and construction, to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that state-run child care facilities and orphanages protect the health and well-being of children living there. - - - Ensure that refugee children are allowed to receive services at state-run children's shelters and can be registered at birth. - - - Establish a procedure to implement the law empowering any civil registry office to issue a Ukrainian birth registration on the basis of a birth certificate issued in the areas of Donetsk and Luhansk under the control of Russia-led forces. - - - Develop programs to ensure that Roma children are registered at birth and are able to access education. - - - Allocate resources and trained personnel to assist with child victims of sexual exploitation in all state-run facilities that serve children in need. - - - Expand educational opportunities for children without internet access and those with special needs. - - - Ensure that there are sufficient resources for the Centers for Social Services for Family, Youth, and Children for child victims of human trafficking. - - - Implement social programs to assist children subjected to all forms of child labor, including mining. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe (Phase II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - - - Uruguay - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uruguay - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - - - Uzbekistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uzbekistan - Indo-Pacific - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Uzbekistan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government took active measures to prevent the use of child labor in the cotton harvest, including by eliminating the harvest quotas that were historically a root cause of child and forced labor in Uzbekistan. The government also cooperated with civil society activists to detect labor exploitation in the annual cotton harvest, created an action plan to implement international recommendations on eliminating the worst forms of child labor, and expanded efforts to raise awareness during the cotton cultivation season about child and forced labor prohibitions. In addition, lawmakers adopted a new law on trafficking in persons that strengthened protection for human trafficking victims, including child trafficking victims. However, children in Uzbekistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, laws prohibiting the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards. Uzbekistan also has not carried out a national child labor survey to determine the prevalence of child labor in sectors other than cotton production. - - - Cotton - No - Yes - No - - - Silk Cocoons - No - Yes - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.043 - 244095 - - - 5-14 - 0.841 - - - 7-14 - 0.05 - - - 1.056 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18‡ - No - Yes - - - - 142000 - 344 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 5154 - 5154 - 2 - 2 - 2 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - Yes - Yes - 12 - 13 - 8 - 6 - Yes - Yes - - - - - Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. - - - Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which children who have not yet completed their compulsory schooling may work. - - - - - Continue to increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors conduct self-initiated unannounced inspections in all sectors, including at private enterprises, even if no complaint has been filed. - - - Thoroughly investigate all potential criminal cases involving the worst forms of child labor and, when sufficient evidence exists, refer violations for criminal prosecution. - - - Extend the statute of limitations on forced labor crimes to enable criminal law enforcement to criminally prosecute perpetrators found to have forcibly mobilized labor repeatedly over multiple years. - - - - - Designate standard mechanisms for communication between external stakeholders and national coordinating bodies to facilitate coordination of efforts to combat forced labor and sex trafficking. - - - Ensure that local NGOs monitoring child labor, forced labor, and other labor rights issues are able to register, and sanction officials who harass, intimidate, or abuse labor rights activists. - - - - - Ensure that local officials do not establish or enforce contractually mandated cotton production targets. - - - Monitor implementation of the new cluster system to ensure farmers are not coerced to enter into contracts with certain clusters or produce cotton under terms that create high risk for exploitative labor. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that schools do not charge informal fees to students or their families. - - - Expand programs to address the worst forms of child labor in sectors other than cotton harvesting. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Support for the Implementation of the Decent Work Country Programme in Uzbekistan - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/support-implementation-decent-work-country-programme-uzbekistan - - - - - Vanuatu - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/vanuatu - Indo-Pacific - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, Vanuatu made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government increased access to education by granting a school-fee exemption for the 2020 academic year, in addition to other measures such as increasing Internet capacity in schools for online schooling. The government also reconvened the National Children Protection Working Group. Although research is limited, children in Vanuatu are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in forestry. Vanuatu’s minimum age for hazardous work is too low to comply with international standards. Vanuatu also lacks a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services providers. In addition, the Government of Vanuatu did not respond to requests for information for this report. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.917 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - - Unknown - 4 - No - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Yes - No - No - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - 50 - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - - - - - Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18. - - - Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children after consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. - - - Ensure that the law protects children ages 12 and 13 employed in light agricultural work by specifying the hours per week that are allowed. - - - Ensure that the law prohibits the use, procuring, or offering of a child for pornographic performances. - - - Ensure that the law specifically prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure that the law criminalizes the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish a law providing free basic public education. - - - Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the minimum age for work. - - - - - Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. - - - Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring the ability to assess penalties and initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. - - - Train labor inspectors on enforcing child labor laws, train criminal investigators on enforcing laws prohibiting the worst forms of child labor, and make the results of these efforts public. - - - Publish information on the number of criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions made, and penalties imposed. - - - Establish and sufficiently fund referral mechanisms among the Department of Labor, the Vanuatu Police Force, and social welfare services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Ensure that the Child Desk has adequate financial and human resources to develop and integrate national planning initiatives for child protection policies. - - - Ensure that all complaints of child labor are investigated, regardless of who lodges the complaint. - - - Ensure complaint mechanisms exist between labor authorities and social services and between criminal authorities and social services. - - - - - Establish a coordinating mechanism to combat child labor, including its worst forms. - - - Establish inter-agency protocols and a referral and coordination mechanism between Kastom and government child protection services. - - - Ensure that the National Children Protection Working Group is sufficiently funded by the government, and that the Group drafts and implements a national policy on eliminating commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - - - Ensure that all policies are allocated funding and implemented as intended to address all relevant worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Ensure that social services providers are registered and follow a standard set of procedures in providing care to vulnerable children. - - - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including in forestry and agriculture. - - - Increase access to education for children living in remote locations. - - - Ensure that the Education School Fee Grant program is active, sufficiently funded, and contains child labor elimination policies or efforts. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Venezuela - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/venezuela - - - Gold - No - Yes - No - - - - - Vietnam - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/vietnam - - - Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Technical Support for Enhancing National Capacity to Prevent and Reduce Child Labour in Vietnam - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/technical-support-enhancing-national-capacity-prevent-and-reduce-child-labour-0 - - - Vietnam Country Program - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Vietnam_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Bricks - Yes - No - No - - - Cashews - Yes - No - No - - - Coffee - Yes - No - No - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - - - Footwear - Yes - No - No - - - Furniture - Yes - No - No - - - Garments - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - Leather - Yes - No - No - - - Pepper - Yes - No - No - - - Rice - Yes - No - No - - - Rubber - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - Tea - Yes - No - No - - - Textiles - Yes - No - No - - - Timber - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - - - Wallis and Futuna - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/wallis-and-futuna - Europe and Eurasia - - No Assessment - For the 2020 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Wallis and Futuna’s efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the country has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - N/A† - - No - N/A† - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Yes - - - NA - NA - NA - - - - West Bank and the Gaza Strip - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/west-bank-and-the-gaza-strip - Middle East and North Africa - No - Minimal Advancement - In 2020, the Palestinian Authority made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor in the areas of the West Bank under its control. The Ministry of Social Development conducted an inspection campaign in Nablus aimed at stemming child labor. The Palestinian Authority also cooperated with the United Nations Children's Fund to reach 11,900 Palestinian children with psychosocial support, provide 3,496 tablets pre-loaded with educational materials, support the Ministry of Education in developing school safety protocols, and provide hygiene and cleaning supplies to 2,250 school premises. However, children in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction and fishing. The Palestinian Authority’s legal framework does not criminally prohibit all elements of child trafficking, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. In addition, Palestinian Authority programs to prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - 7-14 - Unavailable - - - 0.963 - - - - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - N/A - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes† - 18 - No - Yes† - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - Yes - Yes - N/A - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits child trafficking, including both domestic and international human trafficking, in accordance with international standards. - - - Establish laws that criminally prohibit forced labor, including debt bondage and slavery. - - - Ensure that the use, procurement, and offering of children for all forms of commercial sexual exploitation are criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - - - Ensure that child labor laws are enforced in the Gaza Strip. - - - Publish information on labor law and criminal law enforcement efforts, including the amount of funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number and type of inspections, the training provided to inspectors and investigators, the number of child labor violations, and penalties issued and collected, and the number of investigations, prosecutions, and convictions. - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. - - - Provide further resources and staff to the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Social Affairs to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations. - - - - - Ensure that Child Protection Networks are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Policy Agenda and ensure that it is implemented. - - - - - Expand programs to improve access to education; for example, ensure that children are not subject to violence, schools are weatherproof, and delays at checkpoints are not prohibitive. - - - Ensure that Ministry of Labor's social programs are implemented, including vocational centers. - - - Expand programs to further address child labor, specifically in construction, street work, illicit activities, and agriculture. - - - Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. - - - - - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Western Sahara - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/western-sahara - Middle East and North Africa - - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Morocco made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Kingdom of Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the area that it controls by the same constitution, laws, and structures as in internationally recognized Morocco, including laws that deal with child labor. In 2020, the government enacted programs to pilot a child protection network and assess the feasibility of 10 additional child welfare centers. In addition, the Ministry of Labor launched a new roadmap for fighting child labor that seeks to: improve Domestic Work Law 19.12 and make benefits available from the National Social Security Fund to child domestic workers; improve labor inspection at the 54 designated centers across the country by hiring specialists to enhance the oversight of inspections and the methodology behind interventions; strengthen partnerships with civil society organizations; and increase international cooperation on child labor. Morocco also became a Pathfinder country under Alliance 8.7 in 2020, which calls for the eradication of child labor by 2025, and forced labor, modern slavery, and human trafficking by 2030. However, children in Western Sahara are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work and in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in child labor in producing artisanal handicrafts. Laws related to the minimum age for work and the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. In addition, research could not determine whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. Furthermore, the scope of government programs that target child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - 15 - No - No - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 19 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - - N/A - - - - - Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children who are self-employed, work for artisan and handicraft businesses with fewer than five employees, or work on private farms and in residences. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution. - - - Prohibit by law all types of hazardous work that may harm children's health, safety, and morals, including domestic work. - - - Ensure that laws prohibit children from being used, procured for, or offered in illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. - - - Ensure the law provides criminal penalties for forced labor. - - - - - Remove barriers to education, such as insufficient facilities, lack of reliable and safe transportation, and unqualified teachers, particularly in rural areas. - - - Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. - - - Conduct a comprehensive study of children's work activities to inform policies and practices to determine whether children are engaged in or at risk of becoming involved in child labor, and determine the number of child laborers and their education levels. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Yemen - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/yemen - Middle East and North Africa - No - Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement - In 2020, Yemen made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In 2020, the government trained judges and employers in Hadramawt and Ma’rib on the harms of child labor and child soldier recruitment. Despite this initiative to address child labor, however, Yemen is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement practices that delay advancement to eliminate child labor. There is evidence of recruitment and use of children in hostilities by state armed forces in contravention of Yemeni law. Furthermore, the government failed to make efforts to address discrimination in schools against children from the Muhamasheen (“marginalized”) community, leading to their increased vulnerability to child labor. Children in Yemen are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and armed conflict, including by Houthi (also known as Ansar Allah) insurgent forces and other armed groups. Children also engage in child labor in fishing. Research found no evidence of a policy on worst forms of child labor outside of child soldiering, such as commercial sexual exploitation and child trafficking. Moreover, the Republic of Yemen Government continued to exert limited operational control over its ministries and was unable to enforce regulations to combat child labor. - - - Fish - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.136 - 834866 - 0.7 - 0.022 - 0.278 - - - 5-14 - 0.68 - - - 7-14 - 0.103 - - - 0.723 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 14 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 15‡ - No - Yes - - - - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - No - N/A - Unknown - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - No - - - - - Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. - - - Ensure that forced labor is criminally prohibited. - - - Ensure that trafficking of children, including recruitment, harboring, transportation, transfer, and receipt, for purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation, is criminalized. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. - - - Ensure that the law adequately prohibits using, procuring, or offering a child in pornography and pornographic performances, and using a child in prostitution. - - - Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. - - - - - Enforce laws prohibiting children under age 18 from joining the Yemeni Armed Forces, including by implementing adequate screening and age verification measures, and remove children under age 18 in the Yemeni Armed Forces and pro-government militias from engaging in combat. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has the capacity to enforce labor laws, including reestablishing a mechanism to receive child labor complaints. - - - Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Yemenmeets the ILO's technical guidance. - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have proper funding and training to conduct inspections. - - - Ensure that authorities enforce minimum age protections in all sectors in which the worst forms of child labor are prevalent, including in agriculture and domestic work. - - - Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies enforce child labor laws and publish information on enforcement activities. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation and child trafficking. - - - - - Expand programs to improve children’s equal access to education, particularly for child Muhamasheen. - - - Institute a rehabilitation and reintegration program for children engaged in armed conflict and children involved in other worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and fishing. - - - - - Yes - Yes - NA - - - - Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf - - - National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Yemen - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Yemen_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/zambia - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Zambia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government significantly increased funding for its labor inspectorate and finalized its second National Action Plan for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor. It also reinvigorated key coordinating bodies, including the National Steering Committee on Child Labor and the National Coordinating Committee for Children. However, children in Zambia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Education Act does not specify a compulsory education age, and human trafficking laws do not meet international standards because they require threats, the use of force, or coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspectors do not routinely inspect non-registered businesses in which child labor is known to occur. - - - Cattle - Yes - No - No - - - Cotton - Yes - No - No - - - Gems - Yes - No - No - - - Stones - Yes - No - No - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - 0.281 - 992722 - 0.918 - 0.012 - 0.07 - - - 5-14 - 0.652 - - - 7-14 - 0.276 - - - 0.8 - - - - Yes - Yes - No - No - Yes - Yes - - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 15 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 19 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - - 281520 - 160 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - 630 - 630 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - No - N/A - No - Unknown - Unknown - 4 - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography and the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. - - - Determine list of light work activities for children ages 13 to 15. - - - Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion for an act to be considered child trafficking. - - - Establish through statutory instrument the "school-going age" for compulsory education, in line with the minimum age for work. - - - - - Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient funding and have resources, including vehicles and fuel, office space, and training to enforce labor laws throughout the country. - - - Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that inspections cover all areas in which children work, including registered and unregistered businesses. - - - Institutionalize training for criminal law enforcement investigators, including training for new investigators, training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and refresher courses. - - - Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor investigations, violations, convictions, and imposition of penalties. - - - Develop and implement consistent procedures to screen and identify human trafficking victims while ensuring government agencies have sufficient human and financial resources to address human trafficking. - - - - - Improve lines of communication and clarify responsibilities among agencies to improve effectiveness and referrals to social services. - - - - - Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Policy and the National Employment and Labor Market Policy. - - - - - Publish child labor data, including the results of the child labor module of the Labor Force Survey, to inform policies and programs. - - - Ensure that all children have access to education and are not restricted by long travel distances, auxiliary school costs, lack of birth certificates, or marriage. - - - Harmonize child labor prevention and elimination measures and improve financial tracking in the Social Cash Transfer. - - - Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem in all relevant sectors, including agriculture, mining, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues - - - Audits of Selected USDOL-Funded IPEC Projects-Round V - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_IPEC_FY07_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa - - - Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations - - - Combating and Preventing HIV/AIDS-Induced Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa: Pilot Action in Uganda and Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_HIVAIDS_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Increasing Economic and Social Empowerment for Adolescent Girls and Vulnerable Women in Zambia (EMPOWER) - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/empower-increasing-economic-and-social-empowerment-adolescent-girls-and-vulnerable - - - Support to Development and Implementation of Time Bound Measures Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Zambia - Phase II - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CECL_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - The Best Choice Campaign - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_BESTCHOICE_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Zambia (JCM) - Phase I - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CECL_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - Reporting on the State of the Nation's Working Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Zambia - https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf - - - - - Zimbabwe - https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/zimbabwe - Sub-Saharan Africa - No - Moderate Advancement - In 2020, Zimbabwe made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted the Education Amendment Act, which raised the legal compulsory education age to 16. It also significantly expanded the Basic Education Assistance Module to provide assistance with school expenses to over 950,000 orphans and vulnerable children, while providing humanitarian assistance allowances for vulnerable families affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, children are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, mining, and tobacco production, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the harvesting of sugarcane. The government did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts, and law enforcement agencies lack resources to enforce child labor laws. In addition, gaps remain in the country’s legal framework against child labor, including the prohibition of commercial sexual exploitation of children. - - - Tobacco - Yes - No - No - - - Sugarcane - Yes - No - No - - - - - 5-14 - Unavailable - - - - 5-14 - 0.907 - - - 7-14 - 0.42 - - - 0.985 - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - Yes - 18 - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - - No - Yes - - - Yes - 16 - No - Yes - - - No - - No - No - - - Yes - 16‡ - No - Yes - - - - 25000 - 120 - No - Yes - N/A - Yes - 1860 - 1860 - 0 - N/A - N/A - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - No - Unknown - N/A - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Unknown - Yes - Unknown - - - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. - - - Establish by law free basic education. - - - Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. - - - - - Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for labor law violations. - - - Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. - - - Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient financial and human resources to address labor violations and enforce minimum age protections in all sectors, including agriculture. - - - Publish information on the government's criminal law enforcement efforts. - - - - - Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. - - - - - Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor. - - - - - Improve access to secondary school by ensuring that all children are registered at birth and by removing identity documentation requirements to take national exams. - - - Enhance efforts to make education accessible to all children, including children living in rural areas, by improving access to water and hygiene facilities within schools, reducing travel distances to schools, and increasing the number of teachers. - - - Expand existing social programs to address child labor, especially child labor in agriculture, commercial sexual exploitation, and mining. - - - Improve systems for the distribution of social support benefits to ensure that allocations reach vulnerable households that are most in need of the benefits. - - - - - Yes - Yes - Yes - - - + + Afghanistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/afghanistan + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Afghanistan made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Security Council approved a National Anti-Trafficking in Persons Action Plan, which mandates steps to eliminate the criminal practice of bacha bazi—a form of commercial sexual exploitation of boys—by those in positions of power. In addition, it achieved its first indictment of a government employee, a school headmaster, for bacha bazi crimes uncovered in investigations of the Logar province school system in 2019 and 2020. This indictment, along with numerous other prosecutions, convictions, and stringent prison sentences achieved during the year, are indicative of a nascent shift away from a culture of impunity toward one of greater accountability for these crimes. Furthermore, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs established 10 new Child Protection Action Network units, and Child Protection Units within the Afghan National Police recruitment centers operated in all provinces. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Afghanistan is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. In 2020, the government arrested, detained, and prosecuted children for terrorism-related crimes, including some younger than age 12, who had been forcibly recruited by non-state armed groups. Furthermore, authorities considered some child trafficking victims, especially those engaged in bacha bazi or armed conflict, as criminals, housing them in juvenile detention centers and subjecting them to torture and other forms of ill treatment rather than referring them to victim support services. Children in Afghanistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, armed conflict, and forced labor in the production of bricks and carpets, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Afghanistan’s labor inspectorate is not authorized to impose penalties for child labor violations, and the government lacks sufficient programs to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In addition, Afghan law does not sufficiently criminalize forced labor, debt bondage, or the commercial sexual exploitation of girls. + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Carpets + Yes + No + No + + + Coal + Yes + No + No + + + Poppies + Yes + No + No + + + Salt + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.075 + 673949 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.418 + + + 7-14 + 0.046 + + + 0.856 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + No + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those engaged in informal employment. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of female children for prostitution and pornographic performances and the use of all children for the production of pornography. + + + Ensure that forced labor and debt bondage are criminally prohibited. + + + + + Establish Child Protection Action Networks in all of Afghanistan’s 34 provinces and ensure that they can provide all services needed by victimized children. + + + Track and publish information on labor inspections, including labor inspectorate funding, number of labor inspectors, number and type of child labor inspections, number of violations found, and number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for violations of Afghan law. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training on child labor. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice and ensure that inspections are conducted throughout the country and in all sectors. + + + Simplify the child labor complaint mechanism to allow oral complaints, and eliminate or waive the requirement that the individual filing a complaint must specify the legal grounds for the violation. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts inspections in private businesses and the informal sector. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators are available and receive resources, including equipment and transportation, to enforce criminal child labor laws. + + + Ensure that child victims of human trafficking and other worst forms of child labor are correctly identified as victims, and referred to appropriate social services, not arrested, detained, or subjected to mistreatment or torture. + + + End the practice in which some corrupt officials accept bribes to produce false identity document to indicate children are older than 18 years of age for the illicit purpose of recruitment of children in armed conflict. + + + Strengthen the integrity of institutional reporting of bacha bazi cases to the authorities by emphasizing the protection of child victims, promoting accountability and a deterrence to perpetrators who may re-offend if cases are handled through traditional mediation. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates, including by ensuring that detailed enforcement data are reported to appropriate coordination bodies and that meetings are held at the mandated intervals. + + + + + Implement the National Labor Policy and the National Strategy for Children at Risk. + + + + + Institute a birth registration campaign so that age is documented and children can register for school. + + + Institute programs to increase access to education and improve security in schools (especially for girls). + + + Institute programs to address child labor in all relevant sectors, such as agriculture and bonded child labor in brick kilns. + + + Provide financial support to open shelters for victims of human trafficking and to ensure that sufficient shelter services are available for male child trafficking victims. + + + Build capacity for the government to have sufficient Child Protection Unit (CPU) reporting channels to identify children, prevent them from joining the security forces, and provide shelter, services, and family reintegration. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Project to Prevent Child Labor in Home-Based Carpet Production in Afghanistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-prevent-child-labor-home-based-carpet-production-afghanistan + + + Demobilization of Child Soldiers and Socio-Economic Reintegration of War-Affected Young People in Afghanistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Afghanistan_ChildSoldiers_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + + + Albania + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/albania + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Albania made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Ministry of Justice launched the Integrated System of Data on Justice for Children, which will allow parties throughout the national justice system to coordinate on cases related to children in conflict with the law, including child labor. The government also adopted a new National Cybersecurity Plan to address the online exploitation of children, and the State Agency for the Protections and Rights of Children engaged extensively with private sector stakeholders to raise awareness of child labor and promote coordination with local government authorities. However, children in Albania are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, criminal activity, and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children in Albania are also subjected to mining, including of chromium. The law does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities. In addition, the labor inspectorate lacks resources to conduct inspections in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur. + + + + 5-14 + 0.046 + 23665 + 0.875 + 0.029 + 0.096 + + + 5-14 + 0.925 + + + 7-14 + 0.052 + + + 1.033 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 1800000 + 118 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 5772 + 5772 + 119 + 24 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 84 + 7 + 30 + 7 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that using, procuring, and offering children under age 18 for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, is criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that the use of children in prostitution is criminally prohibited. + + + + + Ensure that labor inspectors can inspect the informal sector in which child labor is known to occur, including private homes, private farms, or unregistered businesses. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient resources, including vehicles, to enforce child labor laws. + + + + + Ensure proper coordination between the State Inspectorate for Labor and Social Services and the Albanian State Police. + + + + + Ensure that the government implements national policies related to child labor, including its worst forms. + + + + + Conduct research to further identify children’s activities in agriculture and construction to inform policies and programs. + + + Provide adequate transportation for Roma and Balkan Egyptian children who live in communities far from schools. + + + Ensure that barriers to education, including discrimination against both children with disabilities and Roma and Balkan Egyptian children without formal birth registration paperwork, are removed. + + + Provide language translation for migrant and refugee children to facilitate school access. + + + Increase the number of shelters for victims of the worst forms of child labor, and in particular, for children living and working on the streets. + + + Institute programs to assist children who are victims of human trafficking and those who are used in scavenging chromium. + + + Ensure that funding and human resources are increased for social programs for child labor and that decentralized social funds to municipalities are appropriately allocated to adequately carry out programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe (Phase II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Algeria + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/algeria + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Algeria made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government increased its number of labor inspectors from 645 in 2019 to 885 in 2020 and implemented a new strategy to address forced child begging by conducting periodic visits to transportation hubs and storage facilities. In an effort to address the challenge of enforcing labor laws in the informal economy, the government also led an initiative with an Algerian think tank to explore ways to reach children involved in informal work. However, children in Algeria are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street vending. The government has not sufficiently prohibited the use of children in illicit activities or determined by national law or regulation the types of work that are hazardous for children to perform. + + + + 5-14 + 0.067 + 413729 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.923 + + + 7-14 + 0.072 + + + 1.051 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 885 + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + 116701 + 109113 + 14 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + 5669 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that laws increase penalties for, or categorize as a separate crime, the involvement of children in all illicit activities, including using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Publish information on the labor law enforcement of child labor laws, including labor inspectorate funding, number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, and penalties collected. + + + Ensure that new labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive initial training. + + + Publish information on the criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including the number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Adopt a national policy that includes all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation, forced begging, and street work. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan for the Prevention of and Fight Against Trafficking in Persons during the reporting period. + + + + + Research and publish detailed information on children involved in child labor, or at risk of being involved; specify these activities, including those carried out in construction work; and publish information to inform policies. + + + Ensure that social programs address the increasing number of migrant children involved in rural family-run businesses and agricultural work, as well as subjected to forced begging. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, street work, and forced begging. + + + Publish disaggregated figures on the commercial sexual exploitation of children to fully assess its scope and tailor social programs accordingly. + + + Ensure that isolated cases of school administrators denying enrollment to migrant children are stopped in accordance with laws allowing for free public education for all children. + + + Take measures to remove barriers to education for migrant children and children with disabilities, including: language barriers, lack of specialized training, transportation and accessibility of school buildings. + + + Expand social programs to address school dropout rates in the southern region of the country. + + + Publish information on the activities of existing social programs as they relate to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Angola + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/angola + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Angola made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved a consolidation of existing legislation related to child labor, including hazardous labor and child trafficking, which was incorporated into the Penal Code. In addition, the government increased the number of labor inspectors in the country by over 140 inspectors and conducted an intensive campaign to increase birth registration and the issuance of identification cards, resulting in the registration of 1,098,694 Angolans. However, children in Angola are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction. Prohibitions against the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards because they do not prohibit the procuring or offering of a child for the production of pornography or the use, procuring, or offering of a child for pornographic performances. Moreover, a coordinating mechanism dedicated solely to addressing issues related to the worst forms of child labor does not exist outside the scope of human trafficking, and social programs do not target all sectors in which children work. + + + Diamonds + Yes + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.151 + 1246354 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.694 + + + 7-14 + 0.136 + + + 0.462 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 273 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the legal framework prohibits the procuring and offering of children for the production of pornography, and the use, procuring, and offering of a child for pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law prohibits hazardous occupations or activities for children in all relevant sectors in Angola, including diamond mining. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Publish information regarding labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspections conducted, the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Public Administration, Labor, and Social Security receives adequate resources to conduct inspections in sectors in which child labor is known to occur. + + + Increase training for criminal investigators, including training of investigators outside the capital and in remote areas across Angola. + + + Publish information regarding the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, ensure inspectors receive training on new laws related to child labor, such as the Penal Code, and receive refresher courses. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor, including those that occur outside the context of human trafficking. + + + Ensure that activities postponed due to the COVID-19 are re-established when it is safe to do so. + + + Increase the capacity to aggregate and synthesize data on human trafficking cases. + + + + + Ensure that the National Action Plan to Eradicate Child Labor is implemented. + + + + + Institute programs that target children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. + + + Develop and expand existing social programs to ensure that all children have access to education and are not restricted by informal fees, lack of birth certificates, lack of teachers, or poor school infrastructure. + + + Ensure that refugee children are not hindered from continuing their education beyond age 11 by providing a working mechanism whereby identification documents can be obtained. + + + + + Yes + Yes + No + + + + Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone + + + + + Anguilla + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/anguilla + Europe and Eurasia + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Anguilla, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not prohibit the involvement of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the minimum ages for work and hazardous work do not meet international standards, and Anguilla lacks a list of prohibited hazardous occupations and activities for children. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.956 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + No + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ratify international conventions on child labor. + + + Ensure that the law establishes age 15 as the minimum age for work in all sectors. + + + Establish age 18 as the minimum age for all hazardous work. + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. + + + Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in drug trafficking and production. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + + NA + Yes + Yes + + + + Argentina + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/argentina + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Significant Advancement + In 2020, Argentina made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Buenos Aires Ministry of Labor issued a regulation to close a loophole that enabled companies to exploit underage workers through sub-contracting arrangements. Whereas the government previously did not actively investigate the use of children in illicit activities, during the reporting period gang members were convicted and sentenced for using children to sell drugs. The Coordinating Body for the Prevention of Child Labor and Regulation of Adolescent Work was also elevated to directorate level within the Ministry of Labor, granting it more resources and responsibilities. In addition, Argentina renewed key policies aimed at addressing the worst forms of child labor, including its biannual plan against human trafficking. Finally, the government provided additional assistance to vulnerable families during the COVID-19 pandemic through its largest social program benefiting children at risk of child labor. However, children in Argentina are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the transport, sale, and distribution of drugs. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture. Moreover, the government does not publish complete information about its labor law enforcement efforts and the labor inspectorate remains understaffed to adequately address child labor issues in the country. + + + Blueberries + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Garlic + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Grapes + Yes + No + No + + + Olives + Yes + No + No + + + Strawberries + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Tomatoes + Yes + No + No + + + Yerba Mate (stimulant plant) + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.053 + 371771 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.989 + + + 7-14 + 0.062 + + + 0.987 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 324 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 19034 + 19034 + 16 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 19 + 12 + 9 + 5 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws on child labor to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Publish information on the labor inspectorate budget, the number of child labor violations identified for which penalties were imposed, and the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. + + + Strengthen the capacity of Argentina's judiciary and police to investigate trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation cases. + + + + + Improve government coordination, particularly between national and local government entities, in the provision of services to victims of all forms of child labor, including for children subjected to commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Publish information on activities taken under key policies to address child labor, forced labor, and human trafficking. + + + + + Publish information on activities taken under social programs to address child labor, forced labor, and human trafficking. + + + Develop specific programs that target child labor in sectors in which child labor is prevalent, including street begging and performing, windshield washing, and guarding of parked cars, and increase funding for shelters and assistance for girl victims of human trafficking. + + + Increase funding for shelters and assistance to girl victims of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Multi-stakeholder Strategy for Child Labor Elimination in Agriculture in Argentina + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/multi-stakeholder-strategy-child-labor-elimination-agriculture-argentina + + + Improving the Capacity of Labor and Agriculture Stakeholders to Address Child Labor in Agricultural Areas of Argentina Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/improving-capacity-labor-and-agriculture-stakeholders-address-child-labor + + + Project to Promote Workplace-Based Training for Vulnerable Youth in Argentina + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-promote-workplace-based-training-vulnerable-youth-argentina + + + Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network (GAN) National Networks + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 + + + Evidence to Action: Increasing the Impact of Research to Mobilize Efforts against Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/evidence-action-increasing-impact-research-mobilize-efforts-against-forced-labor + + + + + Armenia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/armenia + Europe and Eurasia + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Armenia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Beginning in April 2020, the Health and Labor Inspection Body took on some inspection responsibilities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including enforcing quarantine provisions and ensuring worker safety and health. The government's National Action Plan Against Trafficking in Persons also went into effect in June, and implementation in several areas began immediately. In addition, the government adopted a new referral mechanism to provide assistance to minor victims of trafficking in persons. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Armenia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Although some labor inspections resumed in 2020, labor inspectors still lack the authority to conduct unannounced inspections. Children in Armenia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, and no government programs exist to aid them. + + + + 5-14 + 0.07 + 24602 + 0.939 + 0.005 + 0.057 + + + 5-14 + 0.954 + + + 7-14 + 0.086 + + + 0.931 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16‡ + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 19 + No + Yes + + + + 2100000 + 28 + Yes + Yes + No + No + 119 + 119 + 1 + 1 + 1 + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 3 + 1 + 2 + 0 + Yes + + + + + Ensure that Armenian law specifies the types of light work acceptable for children ages 14 to 15. + + + Facilitate enforcement of labor law by codifying a definition of forced labor. + + + Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Ensure that the Health and Labor Inspection Body is empowered to conduct routine unannounced inspections. + + + Draft and approve inspection checklists that fully empower the Health and Labor Inspection Body to conduct inspections for child labor violations in all industries, and ensure that such inspections are carried out. + + + Strengthen the labor inspection by increasing the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Provide regular refresher courses and trainings on new labor lawsfor labor inspectors. + + + Protect children by providing law enforcement officials with specialized training on interviewing victims of child trafficking. + + + Implement existing witness protection mechanisms to protect victims of child trafficking who cooperate with law enforcement. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat child labor, including all its worst forms. + + + + + Improve understanding of child labor issues in Armenia by regularly collecting and maintaining data on child labor. + + + Ensure that all children, including children in remote areas, those from low-income families and families that travel for seasonal labor, and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have equal access to education. + + + Strengthen support for potential victims through measures in the educational system to identify truant children and ensure they are not engaged in child labor. + + + Ensure the availability of out-of-care services for deinstitutionalized children in parallel with increased efforts to prevent institutionalization of children, and ensure that children currently residing in government institutions are not engaged in child labor. + + + Ensure that mainstream education is accessible to children with special education needs and children with disabilities by improving the accessibility of the physical infrastructure and increasing the availability of special education teachers and other specialists for students with mental disabilities. + + + Implement programs to address child labor in street work and in agriculture. + + + Allocate sufficient personnel and resources to publicize and provide social services throughout the country, offer sufficient training to service providers, and assign reasonable caseloads + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + + + Azerbaijan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/azerbaijan + Europe and Eurasia + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Azerbaijan made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved the National Action Plan on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (2020–2024) and drafted criteria for resuming risk-based routine labor inspections on occupational safety and health. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Azerbaijan is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a law that delays advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In 2017, the government extended a moratorium on labor inspections, including worksite inspections, until 2021. On March 9, 2021, this moratorium was extended again, through January 1, 2022. While inspectors can conduct desk reviews in response to complaints, the lack of proactive or onsite inspection mechanisms may leave potential violations of child labor laws undetected in workplaces. Children in Azerbaijan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Coordinating bodies, including the State Committee on Family, Women and Children's Affairs, lack the capacity to effectively carry out their mandates. In addition, police typically treat children begging or engaging in street work as a family issue, rather than screening for indicators of forced begging. As a result, cases may not be properly referred for criminal investigation and prosecution. + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.045 + 70034 + 0.919 + 0.008 + 0.072 + + + 6-14 + 0.943 + + + 7-14 + 0.049 + + + 1.004 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 19 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 182 + Yes + Unavailable + N/A + No + 0 + 0 + 3 + 3 + 3 + No + No + No + No + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 2 + 2 + 0 + 1 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that all working children are protected by law, including children working without a written employment agreement or outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. + + + Criminally prohibit the use of children for prostitution and the use and offering of children for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. + + + + + Resume routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections, including in response to complaints, to ensure that child labor laws are enforced. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical guidance. + + + Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s operations, including funding levels and training provided to labor inspectors. + + + Ensure that children identified by law enforcement as engaged in child labor are referred to social services centers or other services, as appropriate, so that they do not return to child labor. + + + Increase law enforcement investigations related to child labor outside Baku. + + + Screen for forced labor indicators in child begging situations, including those referred by NGOs, and as appropriate, investigate and prosecute forcing children to beg as a criminal offense. + + + + + Increase coordination between law enforcement agencies to enforce child labor laws. + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are capacitated and able to carry out their intended mandates, including across different agencies and levels of government. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as hazardous work in agriculture. + + + Revise policies on priority crops that mandate production targets to help prevent child labor in agriculture. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that children from marginalized groups and children with disabilities have equal access to education. + + + Ensure that undocumented children are able to access education. + + + Ensure that all eligible families are able to access benefits under social programs for vulnerable children and families. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + Ensure that NGO-run shelters for victims of human trafficking are sufficiently and consistently funded to provide adequate services to victims. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + + + Bangladesh + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bangladesh + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Bangladesh made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government extended implementation of the National Plan of Action on the Elimination of Child Labor from 2021 to 2025. The Ministry of Labor and Employment also drafted an update to the hazardous work list, which if adopted, would add drying fish. In addition, the government constituted and funded seven anti-trafficking in persons tribunals to handle human trafficking cases. However, children in Bangladesh are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced child labor in the production of dried fish and bricks. Children also perform dangerous tasks in garment and leather goods supply chains. The Bangladesh Labor Act does not apply to the informal sector, in which most child labor in Bangladesh occurs. Labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties and, when courts do impose them, the fines are too low to deter child labor law violations. Moreover, the government did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts related to child labor. + + + Bidis (hand-rolled cigarettes) + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Dried Fish + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Furniture (steel) + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + No + No + + + Glass + Yes + No + No + + + Leather + Yes + No + No + + + Matches + Yes + No + No + + + Poultry + Yes + No + No + + + Salt + Yes + No + No + + + Shrimp + Yes + No + No + + + Soap + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles (jute) + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.884 + + + 7-14 + 0.082 + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 16.5 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 10 + No + No + + + + 5488943 + 308 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 22195 + 22195 + 3531 + 27 + 27 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Amend the national law to reflect the amended Domestic Workers Protection and Welfare policy. + + + Extend the law’s minimum age protections to children working in the informal sector, including in domestic work, on the streets, and in small-scale agriculture. + + + Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive, in particular by including garment production and fish drying. + + + Establish criminal prohibitions on the use of children for pornographic performances. + + + Establish criminal prohibitions on the use of children in illicit activities, particularly in the production of drugs. + + + Establish age 16 as the minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military, with safeguards for voluntariness. + + + Establish criminal prohibitions on the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that education is compulsory through eighth grade and is consistent with the minimum age for work. + + + + + Ensure enforcement of citations and penalties for labor law violations, including authorizing the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor law violations and increasing penalties for child labor law violations to be an adequate deterrent. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that labor inspections are conducted unannounced and during overnight shifts. + + + Create mechanisms for labor and criminal law enforcement to refer children involved in child labor to appropriate legal and social services. + + + Ensure that law enforcement personnel are investigated, prosecuted, and convicted for falsifying age documents and accepting bribes to overlook age verification procedures, which contribute to offenses related to the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Publish information related to criminal law enforcement, including training, the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Provide law enforcement with sufficient financial and technological resources to enforce violations involving human trafficking, forced labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + + + Ensure that the National Child Labor Welfare Council is operating effectively. + + + Ensure that counter-trafficking committees are able to function, including with adequate funding, and that its efforts include monitoring and reporting. + + + Effectively coordinate with the Rescue, Recovery, Repatriation, and Integration Task Force to ensure the timely repatriation of human trafficking victims. + + + Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Ensure that the National Plan of Action on the Elimination of Child Labor is transparently implemented. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education Policy. + + + Ensure that there is adequate funding for full implementation of the National Plan of Action for Prevention and Suppression of Human Trafficking, especially for measures protecting victims. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Implement programs that rehabilitate street children engaged in child labor and enroll them in school. + + + Provide sufficient education services for Rohingya refugee children, remove barriers to their school attendance, and implement programs to decrease their engagement in and subjection to child labor activities. + + + Expand programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including developing and implementing programs to address child labor in the informal garment, leather, and fish drying industries. + + + Ensure that Phase IV of the Elimination of Hazardous Child Labor program is implemented. + + + Ensure that the Child Help Line and other help lines are operating effectively. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Child Labor Improvements in Bangladesh (CLIMB) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/climb + + + Preventing and Eliminating Worst Forms of Child Labor in Selected Formal and Informal Sectors in Bangladesh + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bangladesh_HazardousSectors_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Garment Factories in Bangladesh: Mainstreaming the Verification and Monitoring System for the Elimination of Child Labor, Phases 1 – 3 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bangladesh_Garment_Phases%201-3_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Belize + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/belize + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Belize made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Child Labor Committee, along with its affiliates, validated the Protocol for Accompanied and Unaccompanied Minors, which outlines steps a labor inspector should take if one comes across a child laborer during an inspection. Moreover, the Terms of Reference for the new National Child Labor Policy were completed, but they have not yet been formalized in new legislation or regulation. Children in Belize are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture and construction. With the exception of some work categories that allow employment at age 14, the country's minimum age for work is 12 and does not meet international standards. In addition, the country lacks prohibitions against the use of children in illicit activities and does not appear to have programs to address child labor in agriculture. + + + Bananas + Yes + No + No + + + Citrus Fruits + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.016 + 1405 + 0.246 + 0.105 + 0.649 + + + 5-14 + 0.945 + + + 7-14 + 0.012 + + + 1.028 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 23 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 301 + 301 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + N/A + Yes + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory.​ + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work is age 14 in all sectors. + + + Adopt a list of hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children and ensure that all children under age 18 are prohibited from engaging in hazardous work. + + + Ensure that the law prohibits all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children ages 16 and 17. + + + Ensure that laws prohibit the use of children in specific illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + + + Publish complete information on enforcement efforts to combat child labor, including labor inspectorate funding. + + + Ensure that law enforcement agencies have sufficient resources, including vehicles, fuel, and inspectors, to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations. + + + Ensure that the level of inspections and penalties are sufficient to deter child labor law violations. + + + Implement and fund adequate training systems for inspectors and criminal investigators, including on the worst forms of child labor. + + + Prosecute and impose criminal penalties for the worst forms of child labor, and ensure that courts hear and try human trafficking cases. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Conduct a comprehensive study of children’s activities to determine whether they are engaged in or at risk for involvement in the worst forms of child labor, to inform policies and programs. + + + Increase access to education by eliminating fees; improving educational facilities; hiring additional qualified teachers; providing textbooks, uniforms, and meals; and addressing language barriers for Spanish-speaking students. + + + Implement programs to address commercial sexual exploitation of children and programs to assist children working in agriculture, fisheries, and construction. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Benin + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/benin + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Benin made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The labor inspectorate nearly tripled the number of inspections conducted over the previous year, and the government passed legislation increasing the minimum age for apprenticeships from age 14 to 15. Moreover, the National Monitoring and Coordination Working Group for Child Protection met for the first time since 2017. However, children in Benin are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of cotton and crushed granite, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work and street vending. There are many barriers to education, especially for children with disabilities. In addition, the government did not publicly release information on some of its criminal law enforcement efforts, and limited resources for the adequate enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor. + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Granite (crushed) + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.679 + + + 7-14 + 0.168 + + + 0.644 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 200000 + 35 + Yes + No + No + No + 2070 + 2070 + 1273 + 0 + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + N/A + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + No + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory.​ + + + Create meaningful penalties for the transport and trafficking of minors and crimes involving labor exploitation. + + + + + Provide initial training and refresher courses on child labor for labor inspectors and criminal law enforcement officials. + + + Increase financial resources to enforce laws against child labor. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Conduct inspections in sectors that have the highest incidence of child labor, such as in agriculture and mining. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement data as it relates to the worst forms of child labor, including the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, number of convictions, and whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies meet and report their activities, including the Inter-Ministerial Task Force to Combat Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure effective coordination among agencies on procedures and social services for abused and vulnerable children. + + + + + Ensure that existing policies addressing child labor are implemented as intended including the National Action Plans against both the Worst Forms of Child Labor and Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that child labor elimination and prevention strategies are integrated into the Education Sector Plan. + + + + + Increase access to education byensuring the safety of children in schools, providingaccess to schools for children with disabilities, providing reliable transportation to schools, and increasing birth registration rates. + + + Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic work, commercial sexual exploitation, and agriculture; andmonitor and report annually on the progress of these programs. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Education First Project + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Benin_EFP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional + + + + + Bhutan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bhutan + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Bhutan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Bhutanese Parliament passed the Penal Code (Amendment) Act of Bhutan 2021, which amended the legal definition of human trafficking to make the legislation consistent with international standards for adults, but it still includes the necessity of force, fraud, or coercion in child trafficking cases. The National Commission for Women and Children developed an internal Child Safeguarding and Protection Policy to promote and protect children from abuse and exploitation. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Bhutan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Bhutan’s minimum age for work is inconsistent with international standards, and education is not compulsory. The government has not adopted a national policy to address child labor, including its worst forms. The government did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement and criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + + 5-14 + 0.038 + 6338 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.847 + + + 7-14 + 0.033 + + + 1.0 + + + + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 13 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + 2350 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 0 + 1 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that laws on child labor comply with the international standard for the minimum age for work. + + + Make primary education compulsory and ensure that the compulsory age for education extends to the minimum age for employment. + + + Criminally prohibit child trafficking without needing proof of the use of force, fraud, or coercion. + + + Make publicly available the legal statute that prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into Bhutan's military. + + + + + Publish labor law enforcement data, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspectors, whether labor inspectors received training on new laws related to child labor, whether new and veteran labor inspectors received refresher training, the number of labor inspections conducted in total and at worksites, the number of violations found, the number of violations for which penalties were imposed, and the number of penalties imposed that were collected. + + + Ensure that the Department of Labor has the resources necessary to enforce labor laws and combat child labor. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive adequate training to carry out their duties. + + + Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Bhutan meets the ILO's technical guidance. + + + Ensure that labor law enforcement investigation data are disaggregated by labor violation type to better target, prevent, and eliminate child labor. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement information, including initial training for new criminal investigators, training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, refresher courses provided to criminal investigators, the number of investigations conducted, and the number of violations found. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies to combat child labor are active and able to fulfill their mandate. + + + + + Adopt a comprehensive policy or national action plan that eliminates the worst forms of child labor and includes child labor prevention strategies. + + + + + Conduct a national child labor survey, including research to determine child labor activities in farming and construction, and publish the results. + + + Implement programs to make education more accessible for children living in remote locations, children from nomadic communities and migrant populations, children with disabilities, and children who are stateless. + + + Create social programs targeting working children, particularly in agriculture, and children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work. + + + + + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Bolivia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bolivia + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Bolivia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved a resolution allowing Venezuelan minors without identification documents or with expired documents to regularize their immigration status, enabling them to access the educational system. The Office of Women and Family in the municipality of Tarija began a project with the Ministry of Labor to create a list of children working in the streets and reintegrate this population into their families and schools. In addition, the Attorney General announced the formation of department-level special prosecutor offices dedicated to pursuing crimes of human trafficking and smuggling and installing special prosecutors with greater knowledge of these crimes. Finally, under the Juancito Pinto Program, more than 2.3 million participating students received $73 million in aid to encourage school retention in primary and secondary schools. However, children in Bolivia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and mining. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of sugarcane. Although Bolivian law requires that apprentices attend school, it does not set a minimum age for participation in apprenticeships. In addition, Article 1 of Supreme Decree No. 1875 sets the minimum age for compulsory military service at 17 years, which does not comply with international standards. + + + Brazil Nuts/Chestnuts + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + No + Yes + No + + + Corn + Yes + Yes + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Peanuts + No + Yes + No + + + Silver + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Tin + Yes + No + No + + + Zinc + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.194 + 467874 + 0.684 + 0.086 + 0.23 + + + 5-14 + 0.742 + + + 7-14 + 0.169 + + + 0.916 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16* + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 71 + No + Yes + N/A + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + No + + + + + Ensure that the law prohibits children under the age of 14 from participating in apprenticeships. + + + Ensure that the law establishes 18 as the minimum age for compulsory recruitment by the state military and criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspections conducted at worksites, the number of child labor violations as a result of inspections, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. + + + Ensure that inspectors receive refresher course trainings each year. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws on child labor to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Provide sufficient funding to increase the Ministry of Labor's capacity to ensure the adequate enforcement of child labor laws. + + + Ensure that there are systematized records or a consolidated database on the number of violations found related to child labor. + + + Ensure that Offices of the Child Advocate publicly report on the number of children referred for work authorizations and the number of children rescued from child labor and referred for social services. + + + Establish and maintain in every municipality an Office of the Child Advocate with sufficient resources to ensure that legal protections are extended to all children who are permitted to work, that parents are assisted in registering their children for work, and that coordination of the provision of services to children who are removed from child labor, including its worst forms, occurs in each region. + + + Publish information on training for criminal investigators, including whether they receive training on the worst forms of child labor and refresher training; the number of criminal child labor investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions. + + + Ensure that penalties are imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient shelters for victims of the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking throughout the country and that victims are not cast out of shelters due to fixed timelines. + + + Provide sufficient training, including training on human trafficking, to criminal law enforcement agencies to ensure adequate enforcement of laws related to the worst forms of child labor. Address issues of high rotation among police, prosecutors, and judges as well as judicial backlog to ensure adequate prosecution. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies report specific activities taken to address child labor throughout the year. + + + Ensure that the National Commission for the Progressive Eradication of Child Labor fulfills its central coordinating role and develops concrete mechanisms to improve coordination among participating agencies and organizations. + + + Ensure that all Ministry of Labor departmental sub-commissions designed to combat child labor convene and receive sufficient resources to carry out their functions. + + + Ensure that all Department-Level Councils against Human Trafficking are fully operational as required by the Comprehensive Law against Human Trafficking and Smuggling. + + + + + Establish and implement a new national policy to address child labor. + + + Ensure that all policies that address child labor are active and take actions each reporting period, including the Bolivian General Plan for Economic and Social Development. + + + Approve and publish a national action plan to address the trafficking and smuggling of persons. + + + + + Expand national programs, especially those targeting children in rural areas, to increase secondary school attendance. + + + Increase the Juancito Pinto subsidy to ensure that school children are able to cover the costs associated with attending school. + + + Expand social programs to address the worst forms of child labor at sites in which hazardous child labor exists, particularly in the production of Brazil nuts and sugarcane, ranching and cattle raising, mining, domestic work and street work, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that all social programs that address the worst forms of child labor are active and publish information on activities each reporting period. + + + + + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + ÑAUPAQMAN PURIY KEREIMBA: Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Bolivia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/naupaqman-puriy-kereimba-combating-exploitive-child-labor-through-education-bolivia + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bolivia_CECL_Closed_0.pdf + + + Combating Mining Child Labor Through Education in Bolivia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Bolivia_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/bosnia-and-herzegovina + Europe and Eurasia + Yes + Moderate Advancement + Unwrap Unwrap not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. In 2020, Bosnia and Herzegovina made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Council of Ministers adopted the 2020–2023 National Strategy to Combat Trafficking in Persons as well as the National Action Plan to combat trafficking. The Republika Srpska entity has adopted an anti-trafficking action plan, and cantonal governments have adopted several local action plans. The Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina improved victim access to social services by merging resources for domestic and foreign victims of human trafficking into one fund. The Republika Srpska entity amended the chapter on crimes against citizens’ rights and freedoms in the Criminal Code by introducing forced begging, domestic servitude, and sexual exploitation as forms of trafficking to make trafficking prosecutions easier. It also strengthened sentences, which now mandate 3 to 20 years of imprisonment. However, children in Bosnia and Herzegovina are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Border police officers and social workers failed to properly identify unaccompanied migrant and refugee children as potential victims of human trafficking due to a lack of proper protocols. Furthermore, laws on the minimum age for work do not meet international standards because they do not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships. + + + + 5-14 + 0.089 + 44017 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.837 + + + 7-14 + 0.106 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + FBiH, RS, BD + FBiH, RS, BD + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + No + 15 + No + No + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + No + 15 + No + No + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + No + 15 + No + No + + + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + No + + No + No + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + No + + No + No + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + No + + No + No + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + No + + No + No + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + No + + No + No + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + No + + No + No + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + BiH, FBiH, RS, BD + BiH, FBiH, RS, BD + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + + BiH, FBiH, RS, BD + BiH, FBiH, RS, BD + No + + No + No + + + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Unavailable + + + + + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina + 133 + + + Republika Srpska + Republika Srpska + 31 + + + Brčko District + Brčko District + 12 + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Yes + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Yes + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + N/A + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Yes + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Unavailable + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Unavailable + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + 0 + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + N/A + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + N/A + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Yes + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Yes + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Yes + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Yes + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Yes + + + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + Unavailable + + + + + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + Unavailable + + + + + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + Unavailable + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unavailable + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Unavailable + + + + + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + Unavailable + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unavailable + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + Unavailable + + + + + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Bosnia and Herzegovina + Unavailable + + + FBiH/RS/BD + FBiH/RS/BD + 10 + + + + + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + Unavailable + + + + + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + BiH/FBiH/RS/BD + Yes + + + + + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those who are self-employed or working outside of formal employment relationships. + + + Criminalize forced labor, debt bondage, and slavery separately from human trafficking in FBiH's laws. + + + Ensure that BiH law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including using, procuring, and offering children for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the laws criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups and that children are not punished for engagement in non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including forced begging and use in illicit activities. + + + Ensure that BiH law criminally prohibits using children for prostitution, production of pornography, or pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the laws of FBIH and BD criminally prohibit the use of children for prostitution. + + + Ensure that the use of children for prostitution, production of pornography, and pornographic performances is criminally prohibited separately from human trafficking. + + + + + Collect and publish information on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, number of inspections conducted, and number of prosecutions and convictions. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive training on all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including hazardous work in agriculture. + + + Create an official mechanism for referring children identified during labor inspections to social services providers. + + + Ensure that children are not penalized for being victims of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that law enforcement, judiciary officials, and social services providers are trained on government protocols in detecting cases of child trafficking, including trafficking of migrant and refugee children, and are able to properly identify victims, classify violations, use referral mechanisms, and prosecute offenders according to the law. + + + + + Ensure that all relevant ministries are represented in the Anti-Trafficking Strike Force and allocate sufficient funding to enable coordination and documentation of active investigations. + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to implement their mandates. + + + + + NA + + + + + Ensure that inclusive education initiatives receive adequate funding. + + + Ensure that all children have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, accommodating children with disabilities, and preventing discrimination of minority students. + + + Ensure that all children have access to birth registration or identity documentation required to enroll in school. + + + Allow all Bosniak children in RS to access education in the Bosniak language and remove the "Two Schools Under One Roof" practice to eliminate discrimination in schools based on ethnicity in FBiH. + + + Strengthen social protection measures by ensuring that programs such as Daily Centers and Centers for Social Welfare receive adequate financial and technical resources to assist vulnerable families and victims of child labor. + + + Ensure sufficient resources to provide social services and education to potential and actual victims of domestic or international human trafficking, including unaccompanied minors. + + + Ensure that government support for outreach to street children extends beyond Sarajevo. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Botswana + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/botswana + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Botswana made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government provided emergency food assistance packages to vulnerable families, reaching over 47,000 households affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Criminal law enforcement officials also initiated two prosecutions related to the human trafficking of children for commercial sexual exploitation. However, children in Botswana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, cattle herding, and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Key gaps remain in the country’s legal framework, including the lack of a minimum age for compulsory education and list of hazardous work activities for children. In addition, social programs do not always reach intended child labor victims, especially those engaged in cattle herding and domestic work. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.007 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + + 64424 + Unavailable + No + Yes + N/A + No + 76 + 76 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + 2 + 2 + 2 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Establish provisions specifying the types of light work acceptable for children age 14. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that the use of children in prostitution and pornographic performances are criminally prohibited. + + + Establish a compulsory education age consistent with the minimum age of employment. + + + + + Publish information regarding labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of labor inspectors. + + + Ensure that labor law enforcement officers receive refresher trainings. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient human and financial resources to adequately enforce labor laws, including on farms and cattle posts. + + + Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Botswana meets the ILO’s technical guidance. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have authorization to worksite premises and are able to conduct inspections at farms and domestic households. + + + Publish information about criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, including the training of investigators, number of convictions, and whether there were penalties imposed for criminal child labor offenses. + + + Publish information on the number of complaints related to the worst forms of child labor received through the Ministry of Employment, Labor Productivity and Skills Development and the Botswana Police Service toll-free hotlines. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Defense, Justice, and Security receives sufficient training and that there is increased coordination among agencies to address victims of human trafficking. + + + Ensure that there are adequate referral and rehabilitation services for human trafficking victims. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor during the reporting period. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies, such as the Education and Training Sector Strategic Plan and the Botswana National Youth Policy. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Enhance educational access for all children by defraying costs for uniforms and school materials. + + + Enhance efforts to remove educational barriers and make education accessible for all children by taking measures to reduce travel distances to reach schools, address language barriers and ethnic discrimination, prevent physical and sexual violence in schools, increase resources for students with disabilities, and ensure that children can enroll in school regardless of their ability to provide identification documents. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement government-funded social programs during the reporting, includingthe National School Feeding Program, the Remote Area Dweller Program, the Orphan Care Program, and the Needy Children and Needy Students programs. + + + Establish official government-run shelters to assist child victims, while ensuring that shelters have sufficient resources to attend to the care of older children. + + + Develop programs to fully address the scope of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and cattle herding. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and + + + Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (TECL), Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa (TECL II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf + + + + + Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/brazil + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Brazil made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published two updated versions of the national "Dirty List" containing information on employers that the Ministry of Economy had found to be using slave labor, including that of children. The Labor Prosecutor's Office, the Federal Highway Police, and the Brazilian Association for the Defense of Women, Children, and Youth signed an agreement to incorporate human trafficking issues in the Mapear Project, which maps points along Brazil's federal highways that are high risk for the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents. Moreover, the National Commission for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor was re-established after its dismantlement in 2019, and the government approved a constitutional amendment to increase support for the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and the Appreciation of Teaching Professionals, with the aim of leveling the amount spent per student, per year, across the country. The government also secured a $1 billion loan for Bolsa Família to provide benefits to 3 million more participants, including 990,000 children. However, children in Brazil are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. Although Brazil made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, prohibitions against child trafficking require the use of threats, violence, coercion, fraud, or abuse to be established for the crime of child trafficking and, therefore, do not meet international labor standards. Furthermore, the reported number of labor inspectors is likely not sufficient to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, and local governments lack the capacity to fully implement and monitor the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor and other social protection programs. + + + Bananas + Yes + No + No + + + Beef + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cashews + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + Yes + Yes + No + + + Ceramics + Yes + No + No + + + Charcoal + Yes + Yes + No + + + Cocoa + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + Yes + No + + + Corn + Yes + No + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + No + Yes + No + + + Hogs + Yes + No + No + + + Manioc/Cassava + Yes + No + No + + + Pineapples + Yes + No + No + + + Poultry + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Sheep + Yes + No + No + + + Sisal + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + Yes + No + + + Timber + No + Yes + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.021 + 638943 + 0.565 + 0.082 + 0.352 + + + 5-14 + 0.98 + + + 7-14 + 0.024 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + 1759952 + 2084 + Yes + N/A + N/A + Yes + 166731 + Unavailable + 279 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that laws do not require the use of threats, violence, coercion, fraud, or abuse to establish the crime of child trafficking. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Publish information regarding the number of labor inspections conducted, number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, number of child labor penalties, including penalties imposed and collected, number of criminal investigations conducted, and number of violations found. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure relevant enforcement agencies are able to coordinate on their efforts to collect data on cases regarding human trafficking for sexual exploitation, and ensure that the dataare disaggregated by victims’ ages. + + + Ensure that all violators of the worst forms of child labor violations are held accountable in accordance with the law. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the NationalPlan for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Adolescents and the National Plan to Combat Sexual Violence Against Children and Adolescents. + + + Provide adequate resources to ensure that the goals outlined in the National Education Plan are achieved. + + + + + Remove barriers to education, including by ensuring an adequate number of trained teachers, improving school infrastructure, and taking steps to enroll children in rural areas. + + + Expand the accessibility and speedy processing of birth registration services. + + + Support local governments in the implementation and monitoring of the National Program to Eradicate Child Labor. + + + Provide adequate resources to state governments to ensure that child trafficking victims receive appropriate social services, and ensure the availability of specialized shelters for child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america + + + Supporting the Achievement of a Child Labor-Free State in Bahia, Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Bahia_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking for Forced Labor in Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_ForcedLabor_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Brazil - Support for the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Forced Labor in Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_FL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Statistical Program for the Advocacy of the Elimination of Child Labor in Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Footwear Industry of Vale dos Sinos, Brazil + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Brazil_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment (COFFEE) Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project + + + CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Consolidating and Disseminating Efforts to Combat Forced Labor in Brazil and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/consolidating-and-disseminating-efforts-combat-forced-labor-brazil-and-peru-0 + + + + + British Virgin Islands + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/british-virgin-islands + Europe and Eurasia + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the British Virgin Islands, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The British Virgin Islands does not have a list of hazardous work prohibited for children and does not prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the minimum age for work is lower than the compulsory education age. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.796 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + No + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ratify international conventions on child labor. + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. + + + Ensure that the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, is criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that all children can attend school by eliminating prohibitive school costs and violence in schools. + + + + + No + No + Yes + + + + Burkina Faso + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burkina-faso + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Burkina Faso made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. With the support of UNICEF programs, 1,993 children who were victims of child labor and its worst forms received care and services following their removal from work in artisanal gold mining. The government also created a National Coordination Committee to enact the 2019–2023 National Strategy to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor, and it continued to carry out a new National Survey on Child Labor. However, children in Burkina Faso are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in farming and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in artisanal gold mining. The Labor Code does not identify the activities in which children may engage in light work. The government also lacked resources for the enforcement of child labor laws and did not release information on its criminal and labor enforcement efforts. + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Gold + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Granite + Yes + No + No + + + + + 10-14 + 0.357 + 849922 + 0.8 + 0.056 + 0.144 + + + 10-14 + Unavailable + + + 10-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.645 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 20 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 159 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + 1 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that laws determine the activities in which light work may be permitted. + + + + + Ensure that labor law enforcement receives sufficient human and financial resources to fulfill its mandates, including hiring enough labor inspectors to meet ILO recommendations, conducting an adequate number of inspections, and following up after preliminary inspections to ensure remediation of notices to comply with labor law obligations. + + + Publish statistics on labor law enforcement efforts, including the labor inspectorate's funding, number and type of labor inspections conducted, the number of child labor violations found, whether refresher courses are provided, the number of penalties imposed and collected, number of inspections conducted at worksites, and the number of targeted and routine inspections. + + + Establish and publish data on a mechanism to log all calls to the government child protection hotline and to track cases of child labor for referral to law enforcement or social services providers. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement authorities and frontline responders apply standard victim identification and referral procedures uniformly. + + + Publish statistics on criminal law enforcement efforts, including initial training, refresher courses, investigations undertaken, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed, and whether a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services. + + + Ensure a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services is operational. + + + Take active measures, including ensuring a mechanism is operational, to ensure that children are not inappropriately incarcerated, penalized, or physically harmed solely for unlawful acts committed as a direct result of their subjection to the worst forms of child labor, such as child soldiering. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken by the Ministry of Public Service, Labor, and Social Security Directorate to Combat Child Labor and its Worst Forms, the Child Protection Networks, and Cooperation Agreements with other countries. + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resources, such as computers and electricity, to accomplish their mandates. + + + Enhance coordination and collaborative processes and procedures among ministries, law enforcement, and social services. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the 2019–2023 National Strategyto Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor (SN/PFTE) and the National Child Protection Strategy during the reporting period. + + + + + Establish a social program to ensure that IDP and other vulnerable children have access to education and and thus reduce their risk of exposure to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees and other costs, such as uniforms, by increasing the number of schools and teachers in rural areas, ensuring access to affordable transportation, as well as ending violence in schools. + + + Ensure that children are registered at birth and that IDPs have access to the requisite documentation to gain access to social services, including education. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement Ministry of Women, National Solidarity, and Family Projects to Combat Human Trafficking, and World Bank-Funded Projects. + + + Expand existing programs to fully address child labor in cotton production and gold mining. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Reducing Child Labor through Education and Service (R-CLES) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reducing-child-labor-through-education-and-service-r-cles + + + Training and Education Against Trafficking (TREAT) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/BurkinaFaso_TREAT_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + West Africa Regional Mining + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Burma + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burma + Indo-Pacific + No + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2020, Burma is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite limited initiatives to address child labor, Burma is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated a practice of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. The military continued to work with international organizations to end recruitment of children for combat roles and implement a policy of releasing child soldiers. Despite this, the national military continued to force civilians, including the use of at least 700 children, to work in non-combat roles as porters, cleaners, cooks, and agricultural laborers in the conflict areas of Kachin, Rakhine, and Shan States during the reporting period. Otherwise, the government made efforts by ratifying ILO C.138, implementing the National Complaints Mechanism for Forced Labor, and approving the National Action Plan on Preventing Grievous Injuries and Sexual Abuse on Children in Armed Conflicts (2020–2021). Children in Burma are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in recruitment of children for use in armed conflict and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The vulnerability of Rohingya children to the worst forms of child labor remained high as many continued to be denied access to education and livelihoods through government restrictions on their movement. Penalties for recruitment and use of children by the military or for the military’s use of civilian populations for forced labor are not sufficient for the seriousness of the crime, and the government did not publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts to investigate, prosecute, and convict cases involving many of the worst forms of child labor. On February 1, 2021, the Burma military launched a coup and seized control of the state. The return of a military regime and the resulting instability may severely impact the ability of the Government of Burma to fully engage in combating the worst forms of child labor throughout the country. However, the findings in this report relate to the reporting period of January–December 2020 and do not cover the potential impacts of the military coup. + + + Bamboo + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Beans (green, soy, yellow) + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Garments + Yes + No + No + + + Jade + Yes + Yes + No + + + Palm Thatch + No + Yes + No + + + Rice + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Rubber + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Rubies + Yes + Yes + No + + + Sesame + No + Yes + No + + + Shrimp + No + Yes + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Sunflowers + No + Yes + No + + + Teak + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + 0.004 + 39370 + 0.577 + 0.112 + 0.313 + + + 5-14 + 0.953 + + + 7-14 + 0.001 + + + 0.954 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 10‡ + No + No + + + + Unavailable + 180 + Yes + No + N/A + No + 1100 + 1100 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + 39 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + + + + + Publish the implementing regulations for the Child Rights Law and release a comprehensive hazardous work list that includes types of hazardous work prohibited for children, including all sectors and activities in which children engage in hazardous work. + + + Finalize and implement the draft law on domestic work and the Occupational Safety and Health Bill. + + + Publish and implement the anti-trafficking in persons bill, and ensure that the law does not require a demonstration of force, fraud, or coercion to constitute a child trafficking offense. + + + Ensure that the law provides criminal penalties for the use, procuring, and offering of children under age 18 in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the age up to which education is compulsory is the same as the minimum age for work, as established by international standards. + + + + + Ensure that the Factories and General Labor Laws Inspection Department's mandate allows for inspections to occur in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including agriculture, mining, and fishing. + + + Ensure that labor inspections occur outside of the main urban centers. + + + Ensure all labor inspectors receive training related to the enforcement of child labor laws. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement has sufficient resources to provide services to victims of the worst forms of child labor, including reintegration support at the Department of Rehabilitation and increasing the number of case managers at the Department of Social Welfare. + + + Ensure that prior notice of unannounced inspections is not given to factory owners, that inspectors conduct thorough inspections which include talking with workers, that inspections are provided in a timely manner, and that labor laws are consistently enforced when a violation is found. + + + Ensure that the Factories and General Labor Laws Inspection Department has sufficient funding to cover transportation costs to remote areas, equipment for labor inspector offices, including furniture, and for maintaining up-to-date data on the labor market. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Publish data related to labor law enforcement, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate. + + + Establish a permanent referral mechanism between the labor inspectorate and social services, and ensure that targeted routine inspections occur, and that initial and refresher training courses are offered for labor inspectors. + + + Continue to improve military oversight and monitoring of recruitment procedures to prevent the recruitment of children. + + + Ensure that the penalties for the recruitment and use of children in the military are appropriate for the seriousness of the crime. + + + Publish data related to criminal law enforcement, including the number of investigations conducted, the number of prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions. + + + Ensure that law enforcement officers, including non-specialized police units, receive training on how to pursue trafficking in persons cases to ease reliance on specialized police units, including the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Division. + + + Investigate and prosecute government and law enforcement officials alleged to have participated in, facilitated, or profited from human trafficking, including accepting bribes and pressuring victims not to seek legal redress against their perpetrators. + + + + + Ensure frequent and regular coordination, including communication, across all government ministries related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure the National Committee on Child Labor Eradication and the Township Committees of the Rights of the Child are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Ensure Department of Rehabilitation and police officers are properly trained on the National Standard Operating Procedure on Return/Repatriation, Reintegration, and Rehabilitation guidelines so they can properly screen and identify victims of human trafficking. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as armed conflict by non-state armed groups, forced child labor, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Joint Action Plan with the UN to Prevent the Recruitment and Use of Children for Military Purposes, the Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan, the Myanmar Decent Work Country Program, and the Third 5-Year National Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons during the reporting period. + + + + + Cease the practice of using the "self-reliance" policy to compel forced labor of civilians, including children, by the national military. + + + Cease the practice of recruiting, including by force and coercion, children as front line combatants by the national military and non-state armed groups in conflict areas. + + + Publish the results from the 2019 survey data collected by the Ministry of Labor, Immigration, and Population, including information related to child labor. + + + Remove all restrictions on Rohingya access to education in Rakhine State, including a lack of schools, school closures in conflict areas, movement restrictions, and discriminatory policies and practices, including segregated schools. + + + Provide full legal status to the Rohingya, including children, to decrease their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor and allow them the ability to attend school. + + + Develop and implement education programs that reduce physical barriers for children who live long distances from schools, eliminate prohibitive expenses for attending school, and accommodate children who face language barriers, including those from ethnic communities. + + + Ensure that conditions are safe in Rakhine State for the voluntary return of Rohingya refugees, including children in Bangladesh. + + + Establish a system to allow for ILO follow-up on cases referred to the National Complaints Mechanism for Forced Labor, address the issue of decentralization of responsibility, and ensure that the government communicates important developments to all stakeholders in a timely fashion. + + + Develop and implement programs to address all worst forms of child labor, including forced child labor, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Provide sufficient resources to improve victim assistance and reintegration services to victims of forced labor. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the UNICEF and World Vision-operated hotlines for reporting suspected cases of child recruitment or use of children in armed conflict during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + My-PEC: Myanmar Program on the Elimination of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/my-pec-myanmar-program-elimination-child-labor-0 + + + + + Burundi + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burundi + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Burundi made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a new labor code that made important progress in bringing Burundi's legal framework in line with international standards, such as raising the minimum age for work to age 16 and the minimum age for light work to age 15. Law enforcement authorities also implemented stringent measures to monitor the travel of unaccompanied children and identify cases of child trafficking. Meanwhile, the government launched two new programs to improve counter-trafficking capacity in Burundi and provide work alternatives to youth vulnerable to exploitation. However, children in Burundi are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Burundi lacks a compulsory education age that is equal to the minimum age for work and the government failed to provide comprehensive criminal law enforcement data related to the worst forms of child labor. Other challenges remain, including a lack of resources to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations; a lack of well-trained educators and infrastructure in the education sector; and insufficient social programs to address child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.694 + + + 7-14 + 0.305 + + + 0.594 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 15‡ + No + No + + + + 2589 + 38 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 552 + 552 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that forced labor is criminally prohibited with possible penalties beyond fines. + + + Ensure that the use of children in illicit activities is criminally prohibited with possible penalties beyond fines. + + + Establish by law a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age for work. + + + Ensure that all children are protected from hazardous work activities, including in agriculture, which has hazardous conditions and in which child labor is known to occur. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Conduct targeted inspections in sectors and areas where child labor is known to be prevalent, including in agriculture and the informal sector. + + + Ensure the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections and that inspections cover all areas of the country. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Provide sufficient funding and resources to the Inspector General of Work and Social Security to cover needs such as fuel costs, per diem, office supplies, and vehicles. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts including whether initial training is provided to investigators, the number of investigations conducted, violations identified, prosecutions initiated, and convictions achieved related to the criminal enforcement of child labor laws. + + + Ensure that officials receive adequate training on laws pertaining to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies and agencies responsible for responding to human trafficking have the resources, guidance, and capacity necessary to investigate cases and provide services to victims. + + + Strengthen referral mechanisms between law enforcement agencies, social services, and civil society organizations to ensure that cases are properly investigated and that victims receive services. + + + + + Improve the capacity of the Multi-Sector Committee for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor to ensure coverage in areas outside of the capital city. + + + Ensure the viability of established coordinating mechanisms by dedicating regular funding for their operation. + + + Improve training and coordination among anti-trafficking in person stakeholders. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national child labor action plan or a national trafficking in persons action plan. + + + + + Collect and publish data on child labor prevalence across relevant sectors. + + + Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees; increasing the number of well-trained educators; expanding infrastructure to accommodate the needs of female and disabled students; and increasing birth registration rates for populations such as the Batwa ethnic group. + + + Institute and expand existing programs to address child labor, including in agriculture. + + + + + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Cabo Verde + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cabo-verde + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Cabo Verde made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Assembly approved a draft law on Crimes of Aggression and Sexual Abuse Against Children and Adolescents, which increases penalties for sexual assault, including in cases of commercial sexual exploitation, sexting, and child sex tourism. The Observatory for Monitoring and Rapid Identification of Situations of Trafficking in Persons also developed internal procedures and a list of priorities related to human trafficking, including child trafficking. Furthermore, the government extended compulsory, tuition-free education through the 12th grade. However, children in Cabo Verde are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Law enforcement officials often lack the necessary resources to conduct thorough investigations, and communication among enforcement agencies is limited. In addition, social programs to assist children involved in agriculture and domestic work are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem. + + + + 10-14 + 0.032 + 2392 + 0.792 + 0.072 + 0.137 + + + 5-14 + 0.901 + + + 10-14 + 0.017 + + + 0.873 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 21 + Yes + N/A + N/A + Unavailable + 723 + 723 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 0 + Yes + + + + + Prescribe by law the number of hours per week and conditions under which light work may be undertaken. + + + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive sufficient financial and human resources to enforce child labor laws on all islands, including in the informal sector. + + + Publish labor law enforcement data, including information on labor inspectorate funding, whether refresher courses are provided, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of penalties imposed and collected related to child labor. + + + Develop a system to compile and share comprehensive anti-trafficking in persons and victim identification data among criminal enforcement agencies to improve coordination efforts. + + + Make criminal law enforcement data publicly available, including information on training for new criminal investigators, whether refresher courses are provided, and the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that the judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to be prosecuted in a timely manner. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Action Plan for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor. + + + + + Ensure that special needs students and children in remote areas have equal access to education, including by providing adequate transportation. + + + Conduct awareness-raising activities on human trafficking, including child sex tourism, on all nine inhabited islands. + + + Institute programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone + + + + + Cambodia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cambodia + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Cambodia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed new prakas—ministry-level regulations—creating an annual public service fee for enterprises in specific sectors that will pay for announced inspections by the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training in 2021. In an effort to address the rapid increase of cases related to the online sexual exploitation of children in the country, the Cambodian National Council for Children created a working group to strengthen local governance and provide parents information on how to monitor their child's online activity. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Cambodia is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued practices that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to take active measures to investigate, prosecute, convict, and sentence public officials who participate in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation of children and debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. In addition, judges were reported to have accepted bribes in return for dismissal of charges, acquittal, and reduced sentencing for individuals committing such crimes, especially for those with alleged ties to the government; this made children more vulnerable to child labor. Children in Cambodia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced labor in brickmaking. Insufficient resources hamper the labor inspectorate's capacity to enforce child labor laws, especially in rural areas where a majority of child laborers work. In addition, continuing challenges in accessing basic education and the absence of a compulsory education requirement increase children's vulnerability to involvement in the worst forms of child labor. + + + Alcoholic Beverages + Yes + No + No + + + Bovines + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Manioc/Cassava + Yes + No + No + + + Meat + Yes + No + No + + + Rubber + Yes + No + No + + + Salt + Yes + No + No + + + Shrimp + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles + Yes + No + No + + + Timber + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.075 + 243371 + 0.768 + 0.055 + 0.178 + + + 5-14 + 0.876 + + + 7-14 + 0.063 + + + 0.91 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unavailable + 602 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 1309 + Unavailable + 4 + 4 + 4 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + 21 + 31 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of formal employment relationships and child household workers employed by their relatives. + + + Criminally prohibit the offering and use of a child for pornographic performances. + + + Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Institute a compulsory education age that is at least equal to the minimum age for work. + + + + + Build the capacity of labor law enforcement authorities to enforce child and forced labor regulations by providing more technical training opportunities on how to properly identify child labor during inspections, and offer sufficient resources to labor law authorities to ensure the enforcement of child labor laws through investigations and inspections, including unannounced inspections. + + + Fully implement prakas to allow the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training, the Ministry of Industry and Handicrafts, the Ministry of the Environment, and the Ministry of Tourism to conduct joint on-site inspections throughout the country and in all sectors in which child labor is found. + + + Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement are aware of their legal and investigative mandates related to combatingthe worst forms of child labor, especially at brick kilns,and cease providing brick kiln owners with advance notice of labor inspections. + + + Establish and uniformly administer penalties for violations of laws on child labor, including its worst forms, in accordance with the parameters prescribed by law. + + + Collect, properly store,and publicly release disaggregated data on labor and criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of inspections conducted at worksites, initial training for new criminal investigators, refresher courses, the number ofprosecutions initiated, the number of convictions, and the numberimposed penalties for violations relatedto the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that malfeasance is addressed in all law enforcement agencies, including not accepting bribes to influence the outcome of cases or forging identity documents for trafficking in persons purposes, providing tip off in advance of raids, and investigating and prosecuting politically connected individuals and government officials who are complicit in facilitating and profiting from the worst forms of child labor, including debt-based forced labor in brick kilns. + + + Ensure that all criminal law enforcement officials are sufficiently trained on the techniques of how to conduct anti-trafficking work, particularly those located in rural areas. + + + Ensure that funding for criminal law enforcement agencies is sufficient to cover all expenses, including transportation costs, for law enforcement officials. + + + Addressthe issue of government intimidation of trafficking in persons victims by issuing formal identification documents to victims, andproviding them access to protection services. + + + Ensure that all trafficking in persons cases are brought to court, and judicial officials cease accepting bribes for dismissal of charges, acquittal, and reduced sentencing, especially for perpetrators with ties to government officials. + + + Address the misuse of resources by law enforcement to convict defendants for politically motivated reasons, and ensure that all individuals accused of commercial sexual exploitation of children are prosecuted and charged according to the law. + + + Fully implement the "Child Friendly Court" program. + + + Ensure law enforcement officials have sufficient financial and human resources, and guidance to effectively oversee the "judicial supervision" program to ensure defendants return to participate in their criminal trials. + + + Draft standard operating procedures for calculating victim restitution and eliminate the legal requirement that delays payment to victims until the completion of the perpetrator's jail term. + + + + + Ensure that the Commune Committees for Women and Childrenis able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + Increase funding for Commune Committees for Women and Children. + + + Ensure that annual reports produced by the National Committee for Counter Trafficking are comprehensive. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement thePolicy on Childhood Development and Protection in the Agricultural Sector, the National Social Protection Policy Framework, and the National Social Protection Strategy during the reporting period. + + + + + Release the 2019 child labor survey and make the data publicly available. + + + Ensure that Residential Care Facilities and orphanages protect the health and well-being of children living in them. + + + Increase access to free basic education by eliminating unofficial school-related fees and addressing issues related to limited transportation and inadequate school infrastructure, including the number of teachers, and the need for a birth certificate to enroll in school. + + + Establish a system to accurately capture and monitor the reintegration of victims of the worst forms of child labor, including human trafficking. + + + Expand social protection safety nets in rural areas to ensure that poor children and their families have access to services that may mitigate the risk of involvement in child labor. + + + Provide sufficientresources to all social programs so that they can fully address the extent of child labor in Cambodia, including online sexual exploitation of children. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Cambodians EXCEL: Eliminating eXploitative Child Labor through Education and Livelihoods + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cambodians-excel-eliminating-exploitative-child-labor-through-education-and + + + To Contribute to Developing National Capacities to Achieve the 2015 National Child Labor Reduction Targets and the ILO Global Targets for Ending the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Cambodia by 2016 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Children's Empowerment through Education Services (CHES): Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Cambodia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_CHES_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Reintegration of Trafficked Women + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TraffickedWomen_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Support to the Cambodian National Plan of Action on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor: A Time-Bound Approach + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Options: Combating Child Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation Through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_OPTIONS_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Hazardous Work in Salt Production, Rubber Plantations and Fish/Shrimp Processing Sectors in Cambodia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Cambodia_HazardousSectors_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Other: External Audits of USDOL Funded Projects + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_RoundV_IPEC_FY08_0.pdf + + + + + Cameroon + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cameroon + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Cameroon made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government ratified the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. Cameroonian police also arrested members of an international trafficking network that operated in Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Chad. In addition, the Forever Chocolate program, which provides school kits and livelihood support to families as a means to combat child labor in the production of cocoa, was expanded to Nkondjock, Sangmelima, Mbalmayo, and Ayos. However, children in Cameroon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in cocoa production. In addition, the government has not prohibited the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, and it has not prohibited the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. Furthermore, labor inspectors do not regularly conduct inspections in the informal sector, in which the majority of child labor occurs. + + + Cocoa + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.8 + + + 7-14 + 0.424 + + + 0.655 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 12‡ + No + No + + + + Unavailable + 300 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Unavailable + 3591 + 3591 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion to be considered child trafficking, and that all children under age 18 are protected. + + + Criminally prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish a minimum age for compulsory education that is consistent with the minimum age for admission to work. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include work at dangerous heights. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Collect and publish comprehensive statistics on enforcement efforts including labor inspectorate funding, number of child labor violations found, the number of criminal labor law violations found, the number of investigations, the number of prosecutions, and the number of convictions. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate and criminal law enforcement agencies receive an adequate amount of funding, training, and resources with which to conduct inspections and investigations. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by conducting inspections in all sectors, including the informal sector. + + + Ensure that all hotlines for reporting the worst forms of child labor are well publicized and operational, and that all calls are logged so that cases of child labor may be tracked for referral to law enforcement or social services providers. + + + Raise awareness of child trafficking issues to encourage citizens to report offenses to enforcement agencies, and ensure that such cases are resolved within the judicial system. + + + + + Ensure that existing coordinating mechanisms function effectively and receive sufficient resources to carry out their stated mandates. + + + Ensure that all of the Community Coordination Teams are active and undertaking activities in support of their missions. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and the Inter-Ministerial Committee’s National Gender Policy Document. + + + Ensure all actions plans are active and being implemented according to their mandate. + + + + + Ensure that the number of schools, teachers, potable water, and sanitation facilities are adequate throughout the country. + + + Ensure that social programs to address child labor are implemented in accordance with their mandates. + + + Make additional efforts to provide all children with birth documentation. + + + Ensure that all children, regardless of refugee status, have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, and minimizing the disruption of the classroom. Ensure that schools are free from violence and not re-appropriated for other purposes. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem in Cameroon, and institute programs to address child labor in agriculture, mining, quarrying, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that all government-run centers have sufficient space to accommodate victims of child trafficking and children engaged in street work and domestic work. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Central African Republic + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/central-african-republic + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, the Central African Republic made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In addition to publishing data on labor inspections, child labor violations, and funding, the Central African Republic's Ministry of Labor doubled the size of its labor inspectorate in 2020. The government also began to implement an expansive child protection code, and expanded mechanisms to coordinate anti-trafficking and other child protection efforts. However, children in the Central African Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including recruitment and use in armed conflict by non-state armed groups and in diamond mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture and domestic work. Additionally, the Central African Republic does not meet the international standard for minimum age protections since it does not include children working in the informal sector. Moreover, an estimated 1.3 million children lacked access to education because of ongoing instability. + + + Diamonds + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.31 + 373742 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.631 + + + 7-14 + 0.28 + + + 0.409 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 254545 + 145 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 130 + 90 + 15 + 0 + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that laws establishing the compulsory education age are publicly available. + + + Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of formal employment relationships. + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, and ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Ensure that enforcement agencies have sufficient staff, resources and training to enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Initiate targeted inspections based on available child labor prevalence data, and expand inspections to include the informal sector. + + + Ensure that the complaint mechanism for filing and responding to reports of child labor functions in accordance with its mandate, as required by ILO C. 182, and that penalties are imposed for child labor violations. + + + Ensure that regional labor inspection offices are under the supervision and control of a central authority, and that regional inspectors are able to conduct inspections outside of Bangui, where many mining operations take place. + + + Report criminal law enforcement data, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. + + + Ensure that courts and security services are sufficiently funded, that security forces are sufficiently trained, and that citizens can report violations and access formal judicial processes throughout the country. + + + Ensure that children are not imprisoned for their association with armed groups, are not kept in detention centers with adults, and are granted access to social services providers and humanitarian assistance when released from armed groups. + + + Ensure nonstate armed groups who are signatories to UN Action Plan to End Grave Violations Against Children uphold their commitments to these plans, including ceasing the recruitment and use of children. + + + Ensure that referral mechanisms for children found in child labor situations are well-funded and fully operational. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor, including in mining, and ensure that existing coordination mechanisms are active. + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Strategy for the Education Sector. + + + + + Ensure that social programs to address the worst forms of child labor are funded and implemented in accordance with their mandates. + + + Conduct a nationwide child labor prevalence survey to inform policies, programs, and enforcement actions. + + + Improve access to education for all children, including in rural areas, regardless of IDP status or religious affiliation, by eliminating school-related fees, making additional efforts to provide all children with birth registration, ensuring that ethnic and religious minorities are not denied access to education, establishing an adequate number of teachers and classrooms throughout the country, and ensuring that schools are safe spaces and free from armed groups. + + + Expand programs to assist former child combatants and children associated with armed groups, support their reintegration into society, and improve coordination among relevant actors, while ensuring children are not inadvertently subjected to child labor under Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration programs, + + + Allocate sufficient resources and implement programs to address the worst forms of child labor throughout the country. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Chad + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/chad + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Chad made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Chad adopted a law extending fundamental protections to Chad's refugees and asylum seekers, including the right to access healthcare and education. The government also adopted Ordinance No. 002-PR-2020, which organizes a biometric population registry for births, marriages, and divorces. Lastly, Chad hosted a national workshop to develop a 2021–2026 nationwide school feeding program action plan. However, children in Chad are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in cattle herding and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. In addition, the government did not provide clear data on law enforcement efforts and has no active policies to address child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.495 + + + 7-14 + 0.284 + + + 0.406 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 36 + No + No + No + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that laws specifically prohibit children from being used, offered, or procured for illicit activities. + + + Ratify pending legislation enhancing protections for human trafficking victims and children working in the informal sector, including the Child Protection Code, the Family Code, and amendments to the Labor Code. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Ensure that the roles of enforcement agencies are well-known and understood by the public. + + + Ensure that law enforcement agencies receive sufficient resources, including training, to carry out their mandate. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties, and by providing inspectors with sufficient resources, including training, to conduct inspections in both the formal and informal sectors. + + + Collect, store, and publish data on law enforcement efforts in a central database, including information about labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of inspections conducted, whether violations were found, penalties imposed and fees collected, and the number of criminal investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies are sufficiently funded, law enforcement officers are trained, and existing penalties are enforced according to the law. + + + Ensure a sufficient number of service providers are available for child victims so victims are not housed with their traffickers. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating committees receive adequate resources to carry out their mandates. + + + + + Adopt a policy to combat all relevant worst forms of child labor in Chad and ensure that existing policies are implemented. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related fees; ensure that schools are safe; and increase the number of schools, grade levels, classrooms, and teachers available throughout the country, including for children in refugee camps. + + + Ensure that all children are issued birth certificates, which may be required for school enrollment. + + + Ensure that existing programs receive adequate funding to support victims of child labor throughout the country, and that programs are implemented as intended. + + + Establish or expand programs to provide services to children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, such as the use of forced child labor in herding cattle, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Chile + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/chile + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Chile made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government published Law 21.271, which amended the Labor Code to require that a new list of hazardous activities and occupations for children and adolescents be published by the government, and ratified the International Labor Organization's 2014 Forced Labor Protocol. In addition, the National Prosecutor's Office organized multiple trainings for prosecutors and public health officials related to the protection of rights of child victims of sexual exploitation. The government also established the Tacna-Arica Bi-regional Roundtable to coordinate efforts between the Governments of Chile and Peru to prevent and eradicate child labor in the border area. Under the National Strategy for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of Adolescent Workers, the government held conferences, virtual seminars, trainings, and lectures dedicated to fighting child labor. Finally, the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare published the results of the Child Labor Vulnerability Index, which was designed to measure child labor vulnerability across Chile's 16 regions. However, children in Chile are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also subjected to involvement in the production and trafficking of drugs. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, existing prohibitions related to forced labor do not meet international standards because forced labor is criminally prohibited only when it results from human trafficking. Furthermore, prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards. + + + + 5-14 + 0.038 + 94025 + 0.293 + 0.103 + 0.604 + + + 5-14 + 0.995 + + + 7-14 + 0.045 + + + 0.962 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18‡ + No + Yes + + + + 108695 + 467 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 66989 + Unavailable + 66 + 66 + 66 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + 18 + 10 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Criminally prohibit forced labor. + + + Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Ensure that inspectors have sufficient transportation resources, such as vehicles, to carry out their duties. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Publish information on the number of inspections conducted at work sites during the reporting period. + + + Ensure that penalties for promoting or facilitating the commercial sexual exploitation of children are commensurate with those for other serious crimes, and that judges do not suspend or commute such sentences. + + + Publish information on the number of investigations and criminal violations found related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that there are adequate shelters available for child victims of trafficking in persons. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Publish information on activities undertaken to implement the National Plan of Action for Children and Adolescents during the reporting period. + + + + + Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children working in forestry, hunting, and fishing to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that educational barriers, such as the lack of transportation to school in rural areas and discrimination of migrant children in educational settings, are addressed to prevent child labor. + + + Ensure that programs established to address child labor are properly funded, active, and activities are published. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf + + + + + China + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/china + + + Artificial Flowers + No + Yes + No + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Christmas Decorations + No + Yes + No + + + Coal + No + Yes + No + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Electronics + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Fireworks + Yes + Yes + No + + + Fish + No + Yes + No + + + Footwear + No + Yes + No + + + Garments + No + Yes + No + + + Gloves + No + Yes + No + + + Hair Products + No + Yes + No + + + Nails + No + Yes + No + + + Polysilicon + No + Yes + No + + + Textiles + Yes + Yes + No + + + Thread/Yarn + No + Yes + No + + + Tomato Products + No + Yes + No + + + Toys + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + Christmas Island + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/christmas-island + Indo-Pacific + No + No Assessment + For the 2020 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Christmas Island's efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the territory has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. Nevertheless, in 2020, the Government of Western Australia assented to the Work Health and Safety Act 2020, which will strengthen laws and regulations related to occupational safety and health on Christmas Island, including prohibitions on hazardous child labor. In addition, the Government of Australia adopted a new National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery 2020–2025. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17.5 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17.5 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + NA + Yes + Yes + + + + Cocos (Keeling) Islands + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cocos-(keeling)-islands + Indo-Pacific + No + No Assessment + For the 2020 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding the Cocos (Keeling) Islands' efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the territory has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. Nevertheless, in 2020, the Government of Western Australia assented to the Work Health and Safety Act 2020, which will strengthen laws and regulations related to occupational safety and health in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, including prohibitions on hazardous child labor. In addition, the Government of Australia adopted a new National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery 2020–2025. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17.5 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17.5 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + NA + Yes + Yes + + + + Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/colombia + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Significant Advancement + In 2020, Colombia made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In early 2021, the government issued a decree that granted a 10-year Temporary Protective Status to the 1.7 million Venezuelans living in Colombia, providing them access to formal work, healthcare, and education for children. The Ministry of Labor conducted trainings for new and veteran inspectors and the Colombian Institute for Family Well-Being coordinated the "Pact for Growth and Employment Generation in Agro-Industrial Sugarcane," a public-private roundtable that addresses the protection of child rights, including preventing child labor. The Inter-Agency Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons also completed its evaluation of the 2018 national action plan and launched the new National Strategy for the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons (2020–2024). Furthermore, the government launched a new program, "Generacion Sacúdete," which worked with 28,096 children and adolescents in 898 municipalities across 31 departments to help develop life goals. However, children in Colombia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government does not employ a sufficient number of labor inspectors. Research also indicates that existing social programs are insufficient to address the scope of the worst forms of child labor in Colombia. + + + Bricks (clay) + Yes + No + No + + + Coal + Yes + No + No + + + Coca (stimulant plant) + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Emeralds + Yes + No + No + + + Fruit (Pome and Stone) + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Grapes + Yes + No + No + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.025 + 210431 + 0.473 + 0.167 + 0.36 + + + 5-14 + 0.937 + + + 7-14 + 0.025 + + + 1.068 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 875000 + 845 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + N/A + Yes + 2568 + 2124 + 71 + 229 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age at which education is compulsory. + + + + + Ensure that all labor inspectors have sufficient resources, especially in rural areas, to perform inspections. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of inspections conducted, child labor violations found, penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, and whether routine inspections were conducted. + + + Publish information on whether new criminal investigators receive initial training. + + + Collect and publish data on penalties and sentencing for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that government efforts on human trafficking victim identification and assistance are adequately coordinated among agencies. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Expand efforts to improve access to education for all children, including by improving transportation infrastructure, building more schools in rural areas, and by increasing the number of teachers. + + + Expand social programs to sufficiently address the scope of the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment (COFFEE) Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project + + + CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf + + + Equal Access to Quality Jobs for Women and Girls in Agriculture (EQUAL) in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/equal-access-quality-jobs-women-and-girls-agriculture-equal-colombia + + + Pilares: Building the Capacity of Civil Society to Combat Child Labor and Improve Working Conditions in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/pilares-building-capacity-civil-society-combat-child-labor-and-improve-working + + + Colombia Avanza + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/colombia-avanza + + + Somos Tesoro (We Are a Treasure): Project to Reduce Child Labor in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/somos-tesoro-we-are-treasure-project-reduce-child-labor-colombia + + + Promoting Compliance with International Labor Standards + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-compliance-international-labor-standards + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Exploitative Child Labor Through Education in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Small-Scale Mining in Colombia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Colombia_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Palma Futuro: Preventing and Reducing Child Labor and Forced Labor in Palm Oil Supply Chains + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/palma-futuro-preventing-and-reducing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-palm-oil-supply + + + + + Comoros + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/comoros + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Comoros made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a new penal code that criminalizes child trafficking, forced labor, and hazardous child labor. It also raised its compulsory education age to 16, in line with international standards. In addition, Comoros reactivated its anti-trafficking task force and developed a new anti-trafficking action plan. However, children in Comoros are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in agriculture. Children also perform dangerous tasks in domestic work. Limited resources for the enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor. Furthermore, labor and criminal investigators lack the resources and funds necessary to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and Comoros lacks a national action plan to combat child labor. Finally, social programs to combat child labor may be insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. + + + + 5-14 + 0.23 + 42145 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.815 + + + 7-14 + 0.208 + + + 0.767 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 0 + 3 + Yes + N/A + N/A + Yes + 80 + 80 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + No + No + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions set 13 as the minimum age, prescribe the number of hours per week that light work may be undertaken, and specify the conditions under which light work may be conducted, as defined by international standards on child labor. + + + Establish by law the right to free basic education. + + + Ensure that the law’s minimum age for work provisions and protections apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. + + + Align child sex trafficking laws with international standards by ensuring that force, fraud, or coercion are not required elements in child trafficking cases. + + + + + Provide the labor inspectorate with an operating budget for resources, training, transportation, and equipment to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate uses its authority to conduct unannounced inspections rather than relying solely on complaints received to initiate inspections. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate fulfills its mandate to collect and publish data and statistics related to inspection efforts. + + + Establish and use a functioning reciprocal mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services. + + + Publish information on the number of criminal law investigations, violations found, penalties assessed, prosecutions initiated, and convictions related to cases of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase number of trained criminal law enforcement personnel and trainings, as well as the allocation of resources, transportation, and equipment, to enhance criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient funds and resources to investigate crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating mechanisms are active and receive adequate funding to fulfill their missions. + + + + + Ensure that relevant policies are implemented, address child labor-related mandates, and report on yearly activities. + + + Adopt a new National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor and develop other relevant policies to combat the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, including for girls and poor children, by increasing school capacity, infrastructure, and teacher availability, and by addressing school violence. + + + Collect and publish data on the prevalence of child labor and the types of work children perform in Comoros. + + + Ensure that social program personnel, such as those in the Services d'Ecoute, have adequate and relevant training to be able to appropriately respond to the needs of child victims, including those abused by religious leaders. + + + Implement and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in agriculture and domestic work. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + + + Congo, Democratic Republic of the + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-democratic-republic-of-the + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, the Democratic Republic of the Congo made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The national anti-trafficking coordinating body successfully prosecuted several cases of forced child labor, human trafficking, and commercial sexual exploitation. The Ministry of Defense also issued a zero-tolerance policy for child recruitment, and the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo identified and began prosecuting an army officer responsible for operating a child trafficking ring. Moreover, the government's universal primary education decree continued to reduce the number of children vulnerable to labor exploitation and the government task force on the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, in conjunction with the Ministry of Employment, Labor, and Social Welfare, published a manual to address child labor in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's agricultural sector. However, children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the forced mining of gold, tin ore (cassiterite), tantalum ore (coltan), and tungsten ore (wolframite), and are used in armed conflict, sometimes as a result of forcible recruitment or abduction by non-state armed groups. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it did not publish labor or criminal law enforcement data. The government also failed to take active measures to ensure that children are not inappropriately incarcerated, penalized, or physically harmed solely for unlawful acts as a direct result of being a victim of the worst forms of child labor. Other gaps remain, including a lack of trained enforcement personnel, limited financial resources, and poor coordination of government efforts to combat child labor. + + + Cobalt ore (heterogenite) + Yes + No + No + + + Copper + Yes + No + No + + + Diamonds + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Tantalum ore (coltan) + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Tin ore (cassiterite) + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Tungsten ore (wolframite) + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.688 + + + 7-14 + 0.163 + + + 0.699 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12‡ + No + No + + + + Unavailable + 172 + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + 175 + 175 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + 13 + 1 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Establish by law a compulsory education age that aligns with the minimum age for employment. + + + + + Issue appropriate decrees to ensure that enacted laws are implemented, including those related to light work provisions. + + + Increase penalties for the worst forms of child labor so that they are sufficiently stringent to serve as a deterrent. + + + Collect and publish complete data on labor enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, whether initial training and training on new laws were provided and the number of violations found, penalties imposed, and fines collected. + + + Fully fund civil and criminal enforcement agencies responsible for conducting inspections or investigations, and ensure that labor inspectors are able to conduct worksite inspections throughout the country. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice and ensure that inspectors and criminal law enforcement agencies receive adequate training and funding to carry out their duties, including refresher courses as appropriate. + + + Collect and publish complete data related to criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted and violations found related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Hold perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. + + + Ensure that both the military and civilian criminal justice systems have the resources to investigate and prosecute child labor violations, and that judges, prosecutors, and investigators receive training on new and existing laws on the worst forms of child labor. + + + Improve coordination among relevant criminal enforcement agencies in conducting investigations, collecting data, and providing services to victims. + + + Cease the practice of subjecting children to physical violence and detention for their alleged association with armed groups. + + + Ensure that security forces do not subject children to human rights violations, including extortion and physical abuse, in artisanal small-scale mining operations. + + + + + Improve coordination among relevant ministries and agencies to avoid duplication of efforts and ensure that they receive adequate resources and trained personnel to combat the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. + + + Ensure that the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Reintegration, and Resettlement Commission is able to coordinate the implementation of this program as intended. + + + + + Ensure all relevant policies, national action plans, and sectoral strategies to address the worst forms of child labor are adopted, funded, and implemented as intended. + + + + + Conduct a stand-alone child labor survey to better inform child labor policies and practices. + + + Improve access to education by ensuring that all children are registered at birth or are issued identification documents. + + + Improve access to education for all children by regulating classroom size, training additional teachers, subsidizing fees, and building additional schools. Take steps to ensure student safety while at school and while students are in transit both to and from school facilities. Make additional efforts to prevent schools from being attacked and occupied by armed groups. + + + Expand efforts to address the needs of demobilized children and incorporate stigmatization, gender, and re-recruitment concerns into programs to reintegrate such children. + + + Establish or expand social programs designed to assist children engaged in forced labor in agriculture, street work, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation, and implement existing programs as intended. + + + + + NA + NA + NA + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combatting Child Labor in the Congo, Democratic Republic of the (DRC) ’s Cobalt Industry (COTECCO) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combatting-child-labor-democratic-republic-congos-cobalt-industry-cotecco + + + Reducing the Exploitation of Working Children Through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DRC_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supply Chains Tracing Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supply-chains-tracing-project + + + + + Congo, Republic of the + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/congo-republic-of-the + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, the Republic of the Congo made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government carried out prosecutions and achieved convictions of seven child traffickers and implemented standalone human trafficking legislation that defines the crime and provides for more stringent sentences. It also concluded a verbal agreement with the Democratic Republic of the Congo that prevents minors from entering the neighboring country without their parents or parental consent to help stop child trafficking between the two countries. However, children in the Republic of the Congo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government has yet to accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons and existing programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor in all relevant sectors. In addition, information on children's work is extremely limited, as there has never been a national child labor survey or similar research conducted in the country. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.929 + + + 7-14 + 0.271 + + + 0.716 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 248 + Yes + No + No + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + No + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + + + + + Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for voluntary state military recruitment is no lower than age 16. + + + + + Ensure that the government has a formal process for referring children to the appropriate social services when they are found in situations of child labor. + + + Publish information related to labor and criminal law enforcement statistics, including the funding level for the labor inspectorate, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected for child labor violations, number of criminal investigations conducted, and convictions secured. + + + Ensure that all criminal law enforcement personnel, including from the police forces, courts and the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, are properly trained to know how to identify, recognize, prosecute, and handle worst forms of child labor cases. + + + Institutionalize training for all labor inspectors, investigators, and law enforcement officers, including offering periodic refresher courses. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring that inspectors have adequate resources to carry out their mandated inspection duties. + + + Ensure that penalties for the worst forms of child labor are commensurate with penalties for other serious crimes. + + + Remove barriers to enforcement and prosecution by strengthening the judicial system through improved recordkeeping, decreased court backlogs, more frequent hearings, and improved training for criminal law enforcement officials and judges on trafficking in persons legislation. + + + Expand criminal enforcement efforts beyond large cities. + + + Ensure that criminal enforcement agencies such as the National Police are properly funded and do not seek payment from stakeholders to conduct investigations and operations. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resources to function as intended. + + + Establish a coordinating mechanism to combat child labor, including its worst forms, at the national level. + + + Ensure that Ministry of Social Affairs, Humanitarian Action and Solidarity funds to combat human trafficking are regularly dispersed. + + + + + Adopt a plan that addresses all relevant forms of trafficking in persons. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into existing relevant policies. + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor and the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Conduct a national child labor survey or similar research to determine the activities carried out by working children to inform policies and programs. + + + Improve access to education for all children, including those in non-urban areas, regardless of refugee status or ethnicity, by eliminating all school-related fees, regulating classroom size, removing linguistic barriers, providing sanitation facilities, building additional schools, training additional teachers, and ensuring that students are not subject to sexual abuse. + + + Fund and implement social programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including programs to expand access to free education, and to address child domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure indigenous children do not experience discrimination or barriers to education. + + + Ensure that the "tuition waiver program" for indigenous children is consistently applied. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Cook Islands + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cook-islands + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Cook Islands, in 2020 the government made moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Cook Islands increased its labor inspectorate budget and, for the first time, published labor law enforcement data. In addition, the first Cook Islands Labor Force Survey was completed in November 2020, providing essential data for the government's efforts to bring its laws into line with international standards. Although the Cook Islands made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, the law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.202 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Cook Islands National Youth Policy. + + + + + NA + Yes + NA + + + + Costa Rica + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/costa-rica + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Significant Advancement + In 2020, Costa Rica made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In November, the government ratified the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention of 1930. The government also provided updated statistics on child labor prevalence and published the first findings of its Child Labor Risk Identification Model. In addition, the Attorney General published disaggregated data on efforts to combat the worst forms of child labor, and the Office for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of the Adolescent Worker began drafting a new National Action Plan to combat the worst forms of child labor. However, children in Costa Rica are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. Furthermore, existing social programs are not accessible to workers in all sectors, and the labor inspectorate lacks the authority to assess penalties for labor violations. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.065 + 46509 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.984 + + + 7-14 + 0.07 + + + 1.027 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17‡ + No + Yes + + + + 8300000 + 123 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 6424 + Unavailable + 10 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 31 + 12 + 4 + 2 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to be commensurate with the compulsory age for education. + + + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Publish information on the number of inspections conducted at worksites, and of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Allocate sufficient resources to ensure regular labor inspections in rural areas and the informal sector, including child labor inspections, particularly in agriculture. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Ensure that the judiciary, prosecutors, municipal authorities, and the police have sufficient staff, training, and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict perpetrators of human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children, and identify victims of child trafficking and refer them to appropriate social services. + + + Develop a mechanism to properly track human trafficking cases to improve enforcement and prevention efforts. + + + + + Strengthen coordination and information sharing between institutions responsible for investigating child labor and providing social services to victims. + + + Increase transportation and human resources for the Office for the Eradication of Child Labor and Protection of the Adolescent Worker so that the office can improve program oversight. + + + + + Adopt and implement a new roadmap to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children in rural areas, girls, LGBTI youth, children from indigenous and Afro-descendant communities, and migrant children. + + + Improve access to social services, particularly for migrant, Ngäbe Buglé indigenous children in coffee-growing areas. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network (GAN) National Networks + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Youth Pathways to Leadership, Learning, and Livelihoods in Costa Rica + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-leadership-learning-and-livelihoods-costa-rica + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 + + + + + Côte d'Ivoire + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/cote-d'ivoire + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Côte d'Ivoire made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government rescued 138 children from suspected traffickers, the Ministry of Women, Family, and Children created a team of social workers to identify victims of child labor, and the Ministry of Security and Interior created new units to investigate cases of child labor and human trafficking. In addition, as part of its COVID-19 pandemic response, the government established a fund for low-income families known to be vulnerable to child labor. Children in Côte d'Ivoire are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the harvesting of cocoa and coffee, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it did not impose penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties, and a lack of financial resources and personnel may have hindered labor law enforcement efforts. + + + Cocoa + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Coffee + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.701 + + + 7-14 + 0.218 + + + 0.788 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 300169 + 281 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 1659 + 1659 + Unavailable + Unavailable + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 500 + 298 + 298 + Unavailable + Yes + 0 + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate to authorize and assess penalties. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor violations found and whether penalties were imposed or collected. + + + Ensure that labor inspectorates and criminal law enforcement agencies receive a sufficient amount of funding to conduct inspections and investigations throughout the country, including in the informal sector. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive the resources, personnel, and training needed to adequately enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of convictions and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and are able to carry out their mandates. + + + + + Ensure that the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking, Exploitation, and Child Labor is fully funded and all funds are disbursed. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into all relevant policies. + + + + + Improve access to education by eliminating all school-related fees; improving the accessibility of schools; ensuring that schools are free of physical and sexual abuse; and increasing the number of teachers, sanitation facilities, and schools, particularly in rural areas. Ensure that all children have access to birth registration and identity documents. + + + Ensure that social programs to address child labor are active and report activities. + + + Expand existing programs and institute new ones aimed at addressing the full scope of the child labor problem in Côte d'Ivoire. + + + Ensure that victims of the worst forms of child labor are able to access social services throughout the country. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient classrooms available for all students enrolled. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional + + + West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Cooperatives Addressing Child Labor Accountability Outcomes (CACAO) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cacao-cooperatives-addressing-child-labor-accountability-outcomes + + + Eliminating Child Labor in Cocoa (ECLIC) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labor-cocoa-eclic-0 + + + Survey Research on Child Labor in West African Cocoa Growing Areas + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/survey-research-child-labor-west-african-cocoa-growing-areas + + + Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking-adults-and-children-ghana + + + Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/assessing-progress-reducing-child-labor-cocoa-growing-areas-cote-divoire-and-ghana + + + Towards Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing Communities + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labor-free-cocoa-growing-communities + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional + + + + + Djibouti + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/djibouti + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Djibouti made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor unveiled a national labor inspection strategy, and for the first time, the labor inspectorate targeted sectors and geographical areas where children are at risk of child labor, including its worst forms. The Ministry of Education and Professional Training also maintained continuity of education for Djibouti's most vulnerable children, including refugees, following nationwide school closures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. However, children in Djibouti are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in street work. Minimum age provisions apply only to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards. Law enforcement efforts are also inadequate to prevent and combat child labor, in part because labor inspectors lack the authority to assess penalties. In addition, the government did not make adequate efforts to enforce laws related to the worst forms of child labor due to lack of financial and human resource allocations and reporting mechanisms. + + + + 5-14 + 0.123 + 23693 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.674 + + + 7-14 + 0.102 + + + 0.63 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 22 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 30 + 5 + 6 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + 30 + 2 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that all children are afforded minimum age for work protections under the law, including children working outside formal employment relationships. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in prostitution and the procuring or offering of a child for pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive. + + + + + Ensure that all regions are targeted for labor inspections, that the labor inspectorate has the necessary equipment for regional inspection coverage, and that labor inspections are conducted routinely. + + + Employ inspectors or controllers dedicated to child labor law enforcement, and ensure that inspections target the informal sector, in which the majority of child labor occurs. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by allowing inspectors to assess penalties. + + + Ensure that a labor complaint mechanism exists, and that it is effective and transparent. + + + Ensure that a criminal referral mechanism exists for all forms of child labor and that it is efficient and transparent. + + + Provide the necessary resources, including training, for the Djibouti National Police to make viable referrals for the prosecution of child labor-related violations. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor and ensure existing mechanisms function as mandated. + + + + + Take concrete steps to combat child trafficking by implementing the National Action Plan on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Implement existing policies to address all forms child labor, including street and domestic work. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children in rural areas, including girls, by removing school-related expenses. + + + Ensure that all children, including refugees and asylum seekers, have access to education by removing requirements for national birth certificates or UNHCR refugee documentation to attend school. + + + Implement programs to specifically address children involved in domestic work, street work, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Dominica + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/dominica + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Dominica, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. Dominica's legal framework does not protect children from exploitative work outside of the school year, and the government has not determined the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. The country also lacks prohibitions against the use of children in pornography, or pornographic performances, and the use of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. During the reporting period, the government did not respond to requests for information related to its efforts to address child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Define the conditions, activities, and number of hours permissible for light work. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18 for all children. + + + Determine and codify the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Criminally prohibit forced labor. + + + Criminally prohibit domestic child trafficking. + + + Enact legislation to specifically prohibit using, procuring, or offering a child for the production of pornography or pornographic performances. + + + Prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including members of the Kalinago community who are vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor, by ensuring access to secondary education within the Kalinago territory. + + + Adopt a national policy to improve Dominica's child justice framework as recommended by the National Child Protection Action Plan published in 2018 by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States and UNICEF. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + NA + NA + + + + Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/dominican-republic + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, the Dominican Republic made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established the Oportunidad 14–24 program, with the aim of reintegrating high-risk and socially vulnerable adolescents and young people into technical or vocational education and training programs. The Ministry of Labor also identified 266 children and adolescents through labor inspections in rural and urban areas, and removed them from child labor. However, children in the Dominican Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Other gaps remain, including limited human and financial resources for the enforcement of child labor laws. Labor inspectors also lack the authority to assess penalties for violations related to child labor. + + + Baked Goods + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + Yes + No + + + Tomatoes + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.01 + 17999 + 0.081 + 0.176 + 0.743 + + + 5-14 + 0.958 + + + 7-14 + 0.011 + + + 0.933 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes* + 18 + No + Yes* + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14‡ + No + Yes + + + + 3900000 + 215 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 41953 + 41953 + 15 + 15 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits forced labor. + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion as elements of the crime. + + + Ensure that the procurement of children for commercial sexual exploitation is criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, especially in remote rural areas. + + + Determine whether the inspection ratio for each labor inspector is appropriate to ensure the quality and scope of inspections. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Improve case tracking so that labor inspectors are able to promptly follow up on violation remediation to improve enforcement of laws prohibiting child labor and discourage the use of child labor by employers. + + + Establish a system to verify the age of young workers to better protect children without birth certificates or other legal documentation from exploitation. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are able to communicate with Creole-speaking workers, including those who may be underage, to adequately conduct inspections for child labor violations. + + + Improve training of inspectors to increase the quality of interviews with employers and workers, gather consistent documentation, conduct timely re-inspection to ensure compliance, and use inspection data to enable prosecution. + + + Publish information on the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, if routine targeted inspections and unannounced inspections were conducted, and the training provided to criminal law enforcement, the number of criminal law enforcement investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions secured, and penalties imposed. + + + Increase the human and financial resources to ensure adequate criminal law enforcement related to child labor. + + + Improve coordination and case tracking systems between the Ministry of Labor and the Office of the Attorney General to ensure that violations are adequately investigated and prosecuted. + + + Ensure that the National Council for Children and Adolescents has sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care for victims of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Ensure that the National Steering Committee to Eliminate Child Labor’s Local and Municipal Committees have sufficient resources to effectively coordinate efforts to address child labor. + + + + + Take steps to implement the policies related to child labor on an annual basis and publish information about these efforts. + + + Ensure that appropriate funding exists to effectively implement and coordinate policies related to child labor. + + + + + Increase efforts to issue identity documents to all children to reduce their vulnerability to labor exploitation. + + + Address the specific educational needs of vulnerable populations, including unaccompanied migrant children, children of parents who have been deported, and undocumented children. + + + Increase school infrastructure and teacher availability, especially in rural areas, remove supply and school-related fees, and expand efforts to reduce discrimination in schools. + + + Update all Ministry of Education's school manuals to align with Dominican law guaranteeing that children without birth certificates or identity documents are able to enroll in schools, and ensure that all children receive diplomas certifying school completion. + + + Ensure that all social programs are adequately funded, implemented, and report on their yearly efforts. + + + Expand social protection programs, particularly for child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and harmful agricultural work. + + + + + NA + NA + NA + + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Project to Reduce Child Labor and Improve Working Conditions in Agriculture in the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-reduce-child-labor-and-working-conditions-agriculture-dominican-republic + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in the Dominican Republic (Education/Youth Employment/Public Private Partnerships) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic– Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/evaluation_type/final_evaluation/DR_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Education Initiative: Informal Urban Work, Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Hazardous Commercial Agriculture + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic - Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Preparatory Activities for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_TBP_Prep_CLOSED.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Labour in the Tomato-Producing Sectors + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/DR_Tomatoes_CLOSED.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf + + + + + Ecuador + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ecuador + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Significant Advancement + In 2020, Ecuador made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion provided assistance to approximately 11,530 children and adolescents vulnerable to child labor and the Attorney General's Office indicted 39 individuals for child labor crimes. In addition, the Technical Secretariat for the Lifetime Plan sent out technical brigades to remote areas in all provinces to assist with medical checkups and other social services for children. The Ministry of Labor also signed a Framework Agreement for Inter-Institutional Cooperation with the Association of Municipalities of Ecuador to implement public policies and programs aimed at the prevention and eradication of child labor. Finally, technical teams from the Ministry of Economic and Social Inclusion visited 8,425 families to help keep children in school despite the partial lockdown triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, children in Ecuador are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in mining. The labor inspectorate continues to lack sufficient resources and children continue to face barriers to education, especially in rural areas. + + + Bananas + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Flowers + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.082 + 302796 + 0.899 + 0.02 + 0.081 + + + 5-14 + 0.97 + + + 7-14 + 0.089 + + + 1.044 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 2874793 + 160 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 7559 + 7559 + 6 + 3 + 3 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 330 + Unavailable + 277 + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate is properly funded so that inspectors receive sufficient resources, including transportation and equipment, to adequately carry out their duties. Ensure that inspections sufficiently cover sectors in which child labor has been reported, including the agricultural sector and the informal sector. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient knowledge of existing laws, penalties, processes, and training in victim identification to conduct inspections and refer victims to social services. + + + Ensure that laws and regulations governing child labor, especially hazardous labor, are enforced consistently throughout the country, including in rural areas and family-run businesses. + + + Publish information on the number of criminal violations found and convictions of crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal investigators, including the National Police Unit for Crimes against Children and Adolescents and the Specialized Victim Witness Protection Program, receive sufficient resources to investigate cases of the worst forms of child labor and refer victims to services. + + + Ensure that investigators receive sufficient resources, including shelters for victims, to investigate cases of the worst forms of child labor and refer victims. + + + Strengthen the provision of specialized services for victims of human trafficking. + + + + + Ensure that key coordinating committees and councils, including the Inter-Institutional Committee for the Eradication of Child Labor, the Inter-Agency Sub-Committee for the Eradication of Child Labor, and the National Council for Inter-Generational Equity convene and undertake activities on a regular basis to address the worst forms of child labor. + + + Strengthen coordinating mechanismsamong ministries providing social services to victims of child labor, especially in the informal sector. + + + + + Update the National Plan to Eradicate Child Labor to ensure adequate funding for implementation and effectiveinter-agency coordination. + + + Transition the National Plan to Eradicate Child Labor from its original pilot project status to a permanent directorate with a permanent budget. + + + + + Conduct a comprehensive child labor survey so that there is sufficient data to inform government actions to eliminate child labor. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including indigenous and refugee children and children from rural areas, by increasing classroom space and teachers, addressing teen pregnancy issues, and providing adequate transportation. + + + Enhance efforts to address exploitative labor practices and labor trafficking of migrant and refugee children. + + + Ensure that children of refugees and migrants have full access to education. + + + Ensure that all social programs that address child labor, including the National Program to Combat Child Begging and Youth Impulse, are active and publish information on activities taken during the reporting period. + + + Ensure that social programs make interventions in sectors in which child labor is most prevalent, specifically inthe informal and agricultural sectors. + + + Ensure that the social registry includes families most vulnerable to child labor by updating the list of recipients of social assistance. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america + + + Palma Futuro: Preventing and Reducing Child Labor and Forced Labor in Palm Oil Supply Chains + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/palma-futuro-preventing-and-reducing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-palm-oil-supply + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Ecuador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Ecuador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_WFCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ecuador: Supporting the Time-Bound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ecuador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ecuador_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Building Effective Policies Against Child Labor in Ecuador and Panama + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-effective-policies-against-child-labor-ecuador-and-panama + + + Educafuturo: Project to Combat Child Labor Among Vulnerable Populations in Ecuador and Panama by Providing Direct Education and Livelihood Services + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/educafuturo-project-combat-child-labor-among-vulnerable-populations-ecuador-and + + + + + Egypt + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/egypt + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Egypt made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government announced $50 million in additional funding to support the Takaful and Karama program, which allowed the provision of cash assistance to 309,748 new families to support school attendance for their children. On November 10, 2020, the National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons launched the second phase of its "Together Against Human Trafficking" awareness campaign in partnership with the International Organization for Migration. The campaign included a public service announcement featuring prominent Egyptian celebrities that was broadcast on television and displayed on billboards and buses. Additionally, the Ministry of Manpower approved a new action plan for implementing the Accelerating Action for the Elimination of Child Labor in Supply Chains in Africa program. However, children in Egypt are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in quarrying limestone. The government did not publish data on the enforcement of child labor laws, and programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Stones (limestone) + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.809 + + + 7-14 + 0.052 + + + 1.046 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the types of work that children perform in Egypt that expose them to hazardous temperatures, such as brick production, are prohibited for children under age 18. + + + Ensure that the law establishes age 16 as the minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military with safeguards for voluntariness. + + + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties. + + + Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Egypt meets the ILO's technical guidance. + + + Increase the number of inspectors receiving training on child labor policies. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + + + Ensure that the National Coordinating Committee for Combating and Preventing Illegal Migration and Trafficking in Persons effectively addresses trafficking as a distinct crime. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure universal access to free public education, especially for girls, by addressing the cost of school fees, supplies, violence in schools, lack of documentation, and other barriers to education. + + + Expand programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, particularly in commercial sexual exploitation and in quarrying limestone. + + + Expand the Takaful and Kamara program to ensure that children are able to stay in school. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Promoting Worker Rights and Competitiveness in Export Industries + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-worker-rights-and-competitiveness-export-industries + + + Combating Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education and Livelihood Interventions in Egypt + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-education-and-livelihood-interventions + + + Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-fundamental-principles-and-rights-work + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Egypt + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Egypt_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + El Salvador + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/el-salvador + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, El Salvador made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Multiple government agencies worked with the International Labor Organization to prepare the 2019 report "New Forms of Child Labor: Use and Recruitment of Boys, Girls and Adolescents for Illicit Gang Activities in El Salvador," which evaluates the relationship between gangs and children to highlight the worst forms of child labor. The government also published results from its Annual Multipurpose Household Survey, which identifies child labor prevalence in the country. Furthermore, the government made publicly available the labor inspectorate's level of funding and increased the number of labor inspectors from 107 to 124. However, children in El Salvador are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and in illicit activities, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the harvesting of coffee. Law enforcement agencies continued to lack sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws throughout the country. Gaps also remained related to the implementation of key policies to address child labor. + + + Baked Goods + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Cereal Grains + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Fireworks + Yes + No + No + + + Shellfish + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.036 + 39269 + 0.424 + 0.143 + 0.433 + + + 5-14 + 0.927 + + + 7-14 + 0.037 + + + 0.866 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18‡ + No + Yes + + + + 3200000 + 124 + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + 23262 + Unavailable + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + N/A + No + 14 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work from age 14 to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Determine whether the inspection ratio for each labor inspector is appropriate to ensure the quality and scope of inspections. + + + Provide sufficient funding and resources to the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare and criminal law enforcement agencies to fully enforce child labor laws and investigate cases involving the worst forms of child labor, including in the informal sector. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Ensure and verify that child labor themes are included in annual refresher courses for inspectors. + + + Establish monetary penalties for child labor violations that are proportionate to the nature and seriousness of the offense. + + + Collect and publish complete information on training for new criminal investigators and data on the number of criminal violations found, and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Improve coordination between the National Civil Police and the Office of the Attorney General in their investigation and prosecution of criminal cases related to the worst forms of child labor, including by developing information-sharing capabilities. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Youth Policy for 2010–2024. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Collect and publish government statistics evaluating the impact of collaborative projects targeting child labor in sugarcane production. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + Remove barriers to education, such as birth registration requirements, and ensure access for all children, including students of indigenous descent. + + + Ensure that adequate services are available for all human trafficking victims, including adolescent males. + + + Implement programs to support child laborers who may not be living with their parents, including child domestic workers. + + + Ensure annual surveys that provide data on child labor include information on specific child labor work sectors and the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Eliminating Child Labour in El Salvador Through Economic Empowerment and Social Inclusion + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labour-el-salvador-through-economic-empowerment-and-social + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in El Salvador (Phase II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/El_Salvador_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in El Salvador (Phase I) and Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Timebound Program of El Salvador (EI) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/evaluation_type/final_evaluation/El_Salvador_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Fireworks Industry of El Salvador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/El_Salvador_Fireworks_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America: Shellfish Harvesting in El Salvador + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Youth Pathways - Central America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-central-america-0 + + + RICHES + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/riches + + + Audits of Selected USDOL-Funded IPEC Projects-Round V + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_IPEC_FY07_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Eritrea + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/eritrea + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2020, Eritrea is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, Eritrea is receiving an assessment of no advancement because it had a policy of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. Government officials continued to force students in grade 12, some of whom are under the age of 18, to participate in military training elements of the government's compulsory national service program. Otherwise, the government made efforts by maintaining funding for its education programs, and expanding schooling in rural areas prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Children in Eritrea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced military training associated with national service and forced agricultural labor. Moreover, Eritrea's minimum age protections do not apply to children working outside formal employment relationships, and therefore do not conform to international standards. In addition, the government does not have a mechanism to coordinate its efforts to address the worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.603 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 14‡ + No + No + + + + Unavailable + 28 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that all children are protected by minimum age laws, including those who are self-employed. + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children and ensure that all children are protected by hazardous work prohibitions, including children in the informal sector. + + + Criminally prohibit the use of a child for prostitution. + + + Criminally prohibit procuring and offering a child for the production of drugs. + + + Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Publish information on labor inspectorate funding, total number of inspections conducted at worksites, number of violations, number of targeted, routine, and unannounced inspections, number of violations for which penalties were imposed and collected, and whether complaint mechanisms and reciprocal referral mechanisms are in place. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure labor inspectors are provided sufficient resources, including transportation, to access sites in which child labor is likely to occur. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including initial and refresher training for new investigators, and data on the number of criminal investigations, violations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor, and if reciprocal referral mechanisms exist. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to directly address child labor. + + + + + Ensure that children under age 18 are not placed in military or agricultural labor assignments as part of national service. + + + + + Ensure that all children have access to education by building more schools and removing financial and religious barriers to attendance, as outlined in the 2018 Education Sector Development Plan. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Institute programs to address child labor, including in agriculture, domestic work, street work, and the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + No + + + + Eswatini + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/eswatini + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Eswatini made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of the Kingdom of Eswatini published their first-ever uniform guidelines for providing shelter and care for victims of human trafficking and gender-based violence. However, children in Eswatini are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, forced livestock herding, and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Significant gaps in the legal framework remain, including gaps in minimum age protections, a lack of legislation regulating the labor conditions under Kuhlehla and other customary practices, and a de facto compulsory education age that does not meet international standards. In addition, minimum age protections only apply to children working in industrial undertakings, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age to work. + + + Bovines + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.117 + 35368 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.925 + + + 7-14 + 0.13 + + + 0.945 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 12/13‡ + No + No + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Yes + N/A + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + N/A + Yes + 1 + 1 + 1 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that minimum age provisions extend to all children, including those working in agriculture and domestic work. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and cover agricultural undertakings and domestic work. + + + Adopt legislation that prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish a compulsory education age that is consistent with the minimum age for work. + + + Establish by law free basic public education through lower secondary education. + + + Adopt legislation that regulates the work performed through traditional practices like Kuhlehla. + + + + + Collect and publish comprehensive statistics on enforcement efforts, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspectors, the number of inspections conducted at worksites, the number of violations, the number of convictions, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Provide labor inspectors with refresher courses on the worst forms of child labor. + + + Provide adequate resources to labor inspectors and criminal investigators so they can fulfill their mandates. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and have the necessary resources to be able to fulfill their mandates as intended. + + + Establish a coordinating mechanism that addresses all child labor issues, including children working in agriculture and domestic work. + + + Improve coordination and communication among coordinating bodies to clarify mandates to combat all forms of child labor. + + + + + Implement child labor-related policies, including the National Children's Policy, National Strategic Framework, and Action Plan to Combat People Trafficking. + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation and the use of children in illicit activities. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Eswatini Education and Training Sector Policy. + + + + + Ensure that children are able to access free basic education, including paying or eliminating school fees for lower secondary education. + + + Ensure that social programs to address child labor are implemented in accordance with their mandates. + + + Ensure a minimum quality of standard care in shelters for victims of child trafficking. + + + Develop social protection programs to assist children engaged in child labor in domestic work and herding. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and + + + + + Ethiopia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ethiopia + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Ethiopia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Under the Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Persons Proclamation No. 1178, the government overhauled its national counter-trafficking framework, amending penalties for debt bondage, slavery, human trafficking, and certain forms of child labor and sexual exploitation. With external support, the Ministry of Education also announced a school feeding project benefiting 163,021 pre-primary and primary-age students in five regional states. In addition, the Ministry of Labor collaborated with the ILO to develop a digital inspection system, which was completed in 2020. However, children in Ethiopia continue to be subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and in commercial sexual exploitation. The law in Ethiopia does not include free basic education or a compulsory age for education, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Social programs to combat child labor have also not sufficiently targeted sectors with high incidences of child labor. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Khat/Miraa (stimulant plant) + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles (hand-woven) + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 7-14 + 0.415 + 10202669 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + 0.731 + + + 7-14 + 0.308 + + + 0.541 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18‡ + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + + 153000 + 621 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 43360 + 43360 + 3 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Raise the minimum age at which children may enter hazardous work following vocational training from age 15 to age 16, in line with ILO C. 138. + + + Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive, including hazardous tasks in traditional weaving. + + + Criminalize the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law free basic education. + + + Establish by law a compulsory education age, and ensure that the age is consistent with the minimum age of employment. + + + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by permitting labor inspectors to assess penalties. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient resources to conduct inspections in all sectors and are able to coordinate adequately with other agencies. + + + Ensure that both domestic and transnational child trafficking cases are investigated and violations punished. + + + Gather, disaggregate, and publish information on the number of child labor violations found and penalties applied and collected, the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions obtained. + + + + + Clarify individual mandates for coordinating mechanisms charged with combating child labor, and enhance inter-committee communication, coordination, and collaboration. + + + Ensure all coordinating bodies are funded and able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies in the Education Sector Development Program, the National Technical & Vocational Education & Training Strategy, and the National Youth Policy. + + + Ensure existing policies and action plans to address the worst forms of child labor are implemented as intended. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Increase access to education for all children by decreasing the distance to schools in rural areas, hiring additional teachers, constructing sanitation facilities, and eliminating school-related costs. + + + Develop or expand social protection programs to withdraw children from all sectors, including agriculture and domestic work. + + + Ensure that social services, such as rehabilitation and reintegration centers, are available throughout the country. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + She Thrives: Reducing Child Labor in Ethiopia's Agricultural Sector using a Gender-Focused Approach + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/she-thrives-reducing-child-labor-ethiopias-agricultural-sector-using-gender-focused + + + Engaged, Educated, Empowered, Ethiopian Youth Project (E4Y) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/engaged-educated-empowered-ethiopian-youth-project-e4y + + + Ethiopians Fighting Against Child Exploitation (E- FACE) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/ethiopians-fighting-against-child-exploitation-e-face + + + Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + + + Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/falkland-islands-(islas-malvinas) + Europe and Eurasia + No + Minimal Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), in 2020 the government made minimal advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the Safeguarding Children’s Board met quarterly and published an annual report on activities through March 2020. The minimum ages for work and for hazardous work do not meet international standards, and the law does not prohibit adults from using, procuring, and offering a child for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ratify international conventions on child labor. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to at least 15 and up to the age to which education is compulsory in all sectors. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18 and that national law determines prohibited work activities for children. + + + Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + + NA + NA + Yes + + + + Fiji + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/fiji + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Fiji made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved its first National Action Plan and National Strategy for Combating Human Trafficking, which contains provisions to address child labor, including its worst forms, and child trafficking in Fiji. Also during the reporting period, the Inter-Agency National Human Trafficking Committee met for the first time since 2011. However, children in Fiji are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Fiji's light work provisions are not specific enough to prevent children from being involved in child labor. In addition, social programs undertaken by the government are insufficient to support children vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation, human trafficking, and involuntary domestic work. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.089 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 45 + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + 843 + 843 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. + + + + + Publish information on the labor inspectorate's funding. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement information, including initial training for new criminal investigators, refresher courses, the number of investigations conducted, and the number of violations found for crimes relating to child labor, including its worst forms. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy (2018–2022) during the reporting period. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the UNICEF Pacific Multi-Country Child Protection Program (2018–2022) during the reporting period. + + + Increase the availability of support services for children vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation, human trafficking, and involuntary domestic work from living with other families. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + + + Gabon + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/gabon + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Gabon made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In November, the Ministry of Justice, in coordination with UNICEF, began operating a hotline to alert authorities to possible child abuse cases, including instances of child labor. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Gabon is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to provide evidence it conducted worksite inspections during the reporting period. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Gabon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in domestic work. Gabonese law regarding minimum age for work provisions only applies to children in formal employment relationships, which does not conform to international standards that require all children to be protected by the minimum age for work. In addition, labor inspectors do not have the authority to assess penalties, and they lack the basic resources necessary to conduct investigations. + + + + 5-14 + 0.223 + 83073 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.944 + + + 7-14 + 0.233 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + No + N/A + No + 0 + N/A + 0 + N/A + N/A + N/A + Unavailable + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + No + N/A + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + 20 + 2 + Yes + + + + + Ensure that minimum age protections are extended to children working outside of formal employment relationships. + + + Establish criminal prohibitions for the recruitment of children under age 18 for use in armed conflict by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the legal framework for light work establishes a minimum age no younger than age 13, determines activities that are considered light work, and specifies the conditions under which light work may be undertaken. + + + + + Publish information on the funding level for the labor inspectorate, number of inspections, and number of labor inspectors, and ensure both inspectors and investigators receive adequate funding, training, and resources to carry out inspections and investigations. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by having inspectors to assess penalties and conduct routine and unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are not tasked with conciliation or arbitration duties so that they can carry out their primary duties of inspection and monitoring throughout the country. + + + Ensure that the government conducts an adequate number of labor inspections and criminal investigations. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies are sufficiently funded to carry out their mandates, remain active, and report on their activities. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor, including in activities such as domestic work and work in transportation. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into existing relevant policies. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that children have access to education by eliminating school fees, increasing the number of teachers and schools in rural areas, and ensuring that schools are free from sexual abuse; and make efforts to provide all children with birth registration. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem and ensure that the government continues to provide adequate support to victims of child labor, including sufficient shelter space for victims. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 + + + + + Gambia, The + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/gambia-the + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Regression in Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Gambia, The made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Agency Against Trafficking in Persons developed a National Referral Mechanism for victims of human trafficking, and Gambia, The Tourism Authority for the Protection of Children trained hotel staff on the commercial sexual exploitation of children. However, despite these initiatives to address child labor, The Gambia is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it implemented a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The labor inspectorate suspended inspections in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The government has not indicated when labor inspections will resume. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Gambia, The are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. Gaps in the law remain, including that children may commence an apprenticeship at the age of 12. In addition, labor inspectors lack legal authorization to inspect private homes or farms in which children may be working. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.782 + + + 7-14 + 0.217 + + + 0.789 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16‡ + No + Yes + + + + 15576 + 4 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 5 + 5 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + + + + + Raise the minimal age for workplace apprenticeships to age 14. + + + + + Ensure that Neighborhood Watch Groups are empowered and properly trained to monitor and report cases of child labor. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing labor laws, including laws related to child labor, to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has authority to conduct inspections on farms and in homes. + + + Continue conducting labor inspections and ensure labor inspections occur where child labor is known to occur. + + + Ensure that the National Agency Against Trafficking in Persons' budget is sufficient for training officials. + + + Implement standard operating procedures to provide for proactive child sex trafficking victim identification and access to remedy, including providing additional training. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement investigation, violations, prosecutions, and convictions. + + + Ensure that penalties for child trafficking are comprehensively applied to deter violations and government officials are trained in the application of those penalties. + + + + + Ensure that the National Coordination Committee on Child Labor meets regularly and carries out activities to support its mandate. + + + + + Undertake activities in support of the National Child Protection Strategy + + + + + Report activities in support of the Combating Child Sex Tourism Project. + + + Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem. + + + Ensure that children can complete compulsory schooling by subsidizing or defraying the cost of books, uniforms, and other fees. + + + Enhance opportunities for children to access education by providing adequate teaching facilities and clean water, and increasing the number of teachers in rural areas. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Georgia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/georgia + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Georgia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted amendments to the Labor Code that expanded and clarified the roles and duties of the Labor Inspectorate. The government also implemented its new Code on the Rights of the Child beginning in June. In addition, the Healthcare Minister approved a decree that defines hazardous work and light work, as well as lists occupations prohibited for children under 18. In spite of challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the government made notable efforts to directly address child labor and trafficking in persons, while initiating a number of programs to provide increased support to vulnerable populations. However, children in Georgia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, the labor law governing the minimum age for work does not meet the international standard because it does not apply to informal work. In addition, the Criminal Code does not explicitly prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. Furthermore, the compulsory education age leaves children who are 15 years of age vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor, because they are not required to be in school but are not legally permitted to work full time. + + + + 5-14 + 0.029 + 13547 + 0.955 + 0.023 + 0.022 + + + 5-14 + 0.969 + + + 7-14 + 0.037 + + + 0.928 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + 967000 + 67 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 21081 + 21081 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 4 + 1 + 1 + 26 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those in informal work. + + + Increase the age up to which education is compulsory to age 16, the minimum age for work. + + + Ensure that the law's light work provisions are sufficiently specific to prevent children from involvement in child labor. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of children for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Ensure that inspections are conducted in all economic sectors in which child labor violations may be present, including agriculture. + + + Ensure that the Department of Labor Inspection within the Ministry of Labor, Health, and Social Affairs has funding to employ a sufficient number of inspectors and that inspectors are capable of performing quality targeted, complaint-based, and unannounced inspections in all sectors and businesses on all labor laws. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice to monitor and combat child labor. + + + + + Continue to increase coordination between the Department of Labor Inspection within the Ministry of Labor, Health, and Social Affairs and the Criminal Police Department. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant forms of child labor, including child labor in agriculture. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in agriculture, to inform policies and programs. + + + Make additional efforts to register children from Roma communities, provide them with identity documents, and ensure that these groups can access education. + + + Ensure that socially vulnerable children, children from impoverished families, and children who live in rural areas have access to education. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially for street children. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + + + Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ghana + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Ghana made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Employment and Labor Relation’s Child Labor Unit developed an Inter-Sectoral Standard Operating Procedure for child protection and family welfare, which provides a framework of agreed standards and procedures for stakeholders. In addition, the government opened a new shelter for child trafficking victims, significantly increased investigations and convictions of child labor crimes, and launched a training of trainers course for labor inspectors. However, children in Ghana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa production and harvesting, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Prohibitions related to the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards as the use of children in pornographic performances is not criminally prohibited, and the law also does not prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, the government has not acceded to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child's Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government's ability to adequately enforce labor laws and implement social programs during the reporting period. + + + Cocoa + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Tilapia (fish) + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + 0.792 + 0.05 + 0.158 + + + 5-14 + 0.899 + + + 7-14 + 0.132 + + + 0.938 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 62 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 213 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + N/A + Yes + 119 + Unavailable + Unavailable + 8 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children, including by prohibiting the use of a child in pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in all illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Update the hazardous work list for children to cover all hazardous types of work outlined in ILO C. 182. + + + + + Ensure that prosecutors who have received sufficient legal training oversee and lead the prosecution of cases involving the worst forms of child labor, that an adequate number of state attorneys are available to prosecute cases, that government officials do not intervene in criminal investigations, and that these cases are prosecuted according to the law. + + + Publish information on the amount of funding allocated to the labor inspectorate, number of labor inspections conducted at worksites, number of child labor inspections found, imposed, and collected, and number of routine inspections targeted. + + + Ensure that the inspectorates have adequate resources, including office space, transportation, and supplies, to adequately carry out their mandate throughout the country. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties for labor violations. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive adequate training, including initial training for new inspectors. + + + Publish data on number of child labor violations found and penalties initiated. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Strengthen and fully fund the mechanism to track cases of child labor for referral between law enforcement and social services providers. + + + Improve communication and coordination among criminal enforcement agencies to prosecute cases of the worst forms of child labor and provide adequate victim support. + + + Ensure that the Trafficking in Persons Information System is used and publish any related activities. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and report their activities. + + + + + Ensure that government policies are active, adequately funded, and publish information on their activities. + + + + + Improve access to education by eliminating school-related fees, increasing the number of classrooms, improving access to schools, providing sanitation facilities, and prohibiting sexual harassment and physical violence in schools. + + + Ensure that opportunities such as vocational training are available to secondary school students enrolled in the dual-track system. + + + Ensure that social programs are active and receive sufficient funding to carry out their objectives. + + + Expand the availability of government-supported shelter services for child victims and ensure that all shelters are operational. + + + Create, replicate, and expand effective models for addressing exploitative child labor in the cocoa, fishing, and mining sectors. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional + + + West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking of Adults and Children in Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking-adults-and-children-ghana + + + Assessing Progress in Reducing Child Labor in Cocoa-Growing Areas of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/assessing-progress-reducing-child-labor-cocoa-growing-areas-cote-divoire-and-ghana + + + Towards Child Labor Free Cocoa Growing Communities + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labor-free-cocoa-growing-communities + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional + + + Making Advances to Eliminate Child Labor in More Areas with Sustainable Integrated Efforts (MATE MASIE) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/mate-masie-making-advances-eliminate-child-labor-more-areas-sustainable-integrated + + + Adwuma Pa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/adwuma-pa + + + Mobilizing Community Action and Promoting Opportunities for Youth in Ghana's Cocoa-Growing Communities (MOCA) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/mobilizing-community-action-and-promoting-opportunities-youth-ghanas-cocoa-growing-0 + + + Support for the Implementation of Timebound Measures for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor in Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Ghana + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Ghana_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa + + + CARING Gold Mining Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/caring-gold-mining-project-convening-stakeholders-develop-and-implement-strategies + + + + + Grenada + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/grenada + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + No Advancement + In 2020, Grenada made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Grenada, no official study of child labor has been done to confirm this. The government's ability to prevent children from being subjected to the worst forms of child labor is limited because existing laws do not comprehensively prohibit child trafficking and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. In addition, the government did not authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 6 + Yes + N/A + N/A + Unavailable + 76 + 76 + Unavailable + N/A + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Establish the minimum age for hazardous work at age 18 and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. + + + Prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including drug production. + + + Establish minimum age requirements of at least age 13 for holiday employment and define the activities, conditions, and number of hours permissible for such work. + + + Ensure that the law establishes sanctions for all perpetrators of child trafficking, including in cases that do not show force, threats, or coercion. + + + Enact legislation prohibiting the use, procuring, or offering of a child for all forms of commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Provide sufficient funding and resources to allow agencies responsible for the enforcement of labor laws to fulfill their mission. + + + Publish labor and criminal law enforcement data, including the following: information on the number and type of labor inspections; information on criminal inspectors' training; and the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions in criminal law enforcement of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish data on labor inspectorate funding. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, to inform policies and programs. + + + + + No + No + No + + + + Guatemala + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guatemala + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Guatemala made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government created the Inter-Institutional Coordinating Entity Against Labor Exploitation and Child Labor, a new coordinating body aimed at identifying and providing support to victims of human trafficking. It also publicized a WhatsApp number and e-mail address for reporting concerns related to human trafficking, labor exploitation, and the worst forms of child labor. In addition, the government prosecuted 36 cases of alleged child labor crimes and obtained 12 convictions. Guatemala also completed the implementation of the first phase of the Child Labor Risk Identification Model, which is designed to identify child labor vulnerabilities and develop strategies in response. As a result, analysis on risk and protection factors associated with the probability of child labor were developed for the 340 municipalities of the country. However, children in Guatemala are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of coffee. The insufficient number of labor inspectors and resources limited the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare's ability to combat the worst forms of child labor. In addition, existing social programs are insufficient to reach all children engaged in exploitative labor and, in particular, do not target children engaged in domestic work or agriculture. + + + Broccoli + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Corn + Yes + No + No + + + Fireworks + Yes + No + No + + + Gravel (crushed stones) + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 7-14 + 0.065 + 203265 + 0.633 + 0.06 + 0.307 + + + 7-14 + 0.902 + + + 7-14 + 0.033 + + + 0.791 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + 3700000 + 171 + Yes + No + No + Yes + 27537 + 15433 + 14 + 1 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + No + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + 36 + 12 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Eliminate the exception allowing some children under age 14 to work, or establish a light work framework for children ages 12 to 14 outlining restrictions on working conditions, type of work, and number of hours of work. + + + Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Clarify whether Ministerial Agreement 260-2019 raises the minimum working age to 15. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Collect and report data on the total amount in fines collected in relation to child labor violations. + + + Provide sufficient funding and resources to the labor inspectorate to ensure operational needs are met. + + + Ensure that criminal investigators have sufficient resources and staff to conduct quality criminal investigations in all geographical areas of the country. + + + Ensure that inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector, an area in which child labor is known to occur. + + + Improve the quality of inspections by ensuring that inspectors receive effective training, meet with all relevant parties, including workers, and dedicate the necessary time to carry out more comprehensive inspections. + + + Dedicate more staff and train criminal law enforcement officials, particularly those outside the capital, on laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Disaggregate enforcement data to identify child labor-related investigations and report on the number of violations for the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that hearings and trials addressing human trafficking and gender-based violence in specialized courts are scheduled in a timely manner and that judges are trained in trafficking in persons concepts. + + + Improve effectiveness of child labor complaint and referral mechanisms to ensure timely responses to complaints. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are able to communicate with indigenous language speakers, including those who may be underage, to adequately conduct inspections for child labor violations. + + + + + Strengthen coordination efforts to institutionalize relationships between civil society representatives and government agencies that provide services to victims of child labor, for example by fully incorporating civil society participation in the Inter-Institutional Commission Against Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure the Secretariat Against Sexual Violence, Exploitation, and Trafficking in Persons has the resources, authority, and political support necessary to combat human trafficking countrywide. + + + Ensure actions are taken to carry out the mandates of the National Platform for the Prevention and Protection of Children and Adolescents against Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Protocol for Providing Comprehensive Health Care to Children and Adolescents in the Worst Forms of Child Labor, and the Inter‐Institutional Detection and Action Protocol For Immediate Response to Cases of Sexual Exploitation Against Children and Adolescents in Travel and Tourism during the reporting period. + + + + + Remove barriers to education for all children, including girls and indigenous children, children with disabilities, and children living in rural areas, by recruiting and training more qualified teachers, providing instruction in indigenous languages, building additional schools with appropriate facilities, providing textbooks to all public schools, and removing school fees and transportation costs. + + + Ensure that social programs are implemented, well funded, able to carry out their objectives, reach populations outside urban centers, and report on yearly activities. + + + Regularly monitor the effectiveness and impact of social programs such as awareness campaigns beyond number of citizens reached. + + + Initiate social programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work, and for children who perform other types of hazardous work. + + + Ensure high standards of safety and care for children in government-run shelters. + + + Ensure the safety of NGO officials, human rights workers, judges, and labor activists to facilitate a secure environment for the implementation of social programs that address and prevent child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf + + + My Rights Matter (Nuyatalil-Woklen: Mis Derechos son Importantes) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/my-rights-matter-nuyatalil-woklen-mis-derechos-son-importantes + + + Combating Child Labor in the Fireworks Industry of Guatemala (Phase II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guatemala_Fireworks_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Guinea + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guinea + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Guinea made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted a revised Child Code, which provides higher penalties for violations for child labor violations and enumerates a more comprehensive hazardous work list. The government also approved a new National Action Plan to Fight Against Trafficking in Persons. However, children in Guinea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in artisanal mining, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in forced begging. The government lacks a coordinating mechanism and national policy to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. Laws related to the minimum age for work also do not meet international standards because they do not include children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. In addition, the government does not implement sufficient social programs to address the extent of the child labor problem. + + + Cashews + Yes + No + No + + + Cocoa + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Diamonds + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.542 + + + 7-14 + 0.173 + + + 0.597 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 200 + Yes + Yes + No + No + 200 + 116 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + N/A + Yes + 2 + 2 + 2 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including agriculture. + + + Raise the minimum age for light work to age 13 to comply with international standards; ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the conditions in which light work may be undertaken and the number of hours that are permitted for children engaged in light work. + + + Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children working outside of a formal employment relationship and children who are self-employed. + + + Establish by law free basic education. + + + + + Provide consistent training, including initial and refresher courses and training on new laws, for labor law officials. + + + Publish information on labor inspectorate funding and the numbers of convictions and imposed penalties related to the criminal enforcement of child labor laws. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry for Social Action and Vulnerable People to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor. + + + + + Ensure that the National Committee to Combat Trafficking in Persons and Similar Practices and the Committee for Monitoring, Protection, and Defense of the Rights of the Child receive adequate funding to fulfill their missions. + + + Ensure that Committee for Monitoring, Protection, and Defense of the Rights of the Child is active. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by improving school infrastructure and increasing school and teacher availability; and remove any school-related fees. + + + Ensure all children have access to education regardless of whether or not they have birth registration. + + + Ensure that social services are properly funded and adequately meet the needs of victims of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, domestic work, forced begging, mining, and street work. + + + + + No + No + No + + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Stop Exploitive Labor and Educate Children for Tomorrow (SELECT) Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guinea_SELECT_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor and Exploitation through Education in Guinea (CCLEE) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guinea_CCLEE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Guinea-Bissau + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guinea-bissau + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Guinea-Bissau made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The National Institute for Women and Children identified and assisted 75 talibé children with medical assistance, shelter, family identification and the registration of birth certificates. In addition, in October 2020, the government reopened schools with provisions aimed at addressing lost school time due to lengthy teacher strikes and the COVID-19 pandemic, including an increase of an additional school day to each week of the school calendar to ensure minimal repercussions to children's education. However, children in Guinea-Bissau are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Furthermore, the minimum age for work is not in compliance with international standards since the law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children without a work contract. Lastly, law enforcement officials do not receive sufficient training and resources to adequately conduct inspections and prosecute cases of child labor, and social programs do not fully address the extent of the problem in the country. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.681 + + + 7-14 + 0.484 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 28 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + No + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + No + N/A + No + 8 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including children without a work contract. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, after consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that all 9 years of basic education are free. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Ensure that the number of law enforcement officials is sufficient to address the scope of the problem, and that both law and criminal enforcement officials receive adequate training and resources to inspect, investigate, and prosecute cases of child labor throughout the country, including in Bafatá and Gabú, where child labor is known to occur. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating routine inspections and targeting inspections based on the analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + + + Establish a mechanism to receive child labor complaints. + + + Establish referral mechanisms to ensure that children found during labor inspections and criminal investigations are referred to the appropriate social services providers. + + + Publish labor law enforcement data, including information on labor inspectorate funding, the number of inspections conducted, violations found, and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. In addition, publish criminal law enforcement data that are disaggregated for crimes against children, including the number of child labor investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions secured, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that the Inter-Ministerial Commission to Fight Child Labor is able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Policy for the Protection of Children and Adolescents. + + + + + Significantly increase efforts to raise national awareness of human trafficking, including child trafficking. + + + Ensure that facilities, including shelters, have adequate resources to assist victims of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by increasing the number of schools, improving school infrastructure, and providing transportation, particularly in rural areas. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone + + + + + Guyana + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/guyana + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Guyana made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established a new Ministry of Labor, which monitors, investigates, and enforces child labor law in collaboration with other government agencies. Guyana also published a National Child Labor Policy with a corresponding national action plan, and it launched a new nationwide trafficking in persons hotline. However, children in Guyana are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in mining. Law enforcement agencies have insufficient financial and human resources to enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms, and existing laws do not fully prohibit using children in certain forms of child labor. Moreover, the government does not have targeted social programs to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in the country. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.971 + + + 7-14 + 0.221 + + + 0.974 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 17 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 736 + 736 + 2 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits forced labor. + + + Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits all commercial sexual exploitation of children by prohibiting the use of children in pornography and prostitution. + + + Ensure that the law sufficiently prohibits the use of children for illicit activities by prohibiting the use, procuring, or offering of a child for the production or trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Publish information on the labor inspectorate's funding and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient resources to monitor the interior, where child labor is most prevalent, and in other remote areas. + + + Ensure the appropriate application of Articles 41 and 46 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act to protect children from work that may harm their physical health or emotional development. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Human Services and Social Security's Trafficking in Persons Unit is sufficiently staffed to carry out its mandate. + + + Dedicate more resources, including judicial personnel, to address the backlog of cases and ensure that cases are concluded in a timely manner, including cases related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat child labor, including all of its worst forms. + + + Ensure that the National Tripartite Committee engages in regular meetings and coordination efforts. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement key policies. + + + + + Ensure that children are not prevented from attending school because of transportation costs and lack of infrastructure, and increase the number of qualified teachers, particularly in rural and interior areas. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in fishing and construction, to inform policies and programs. + + + Develop new initiatives and expand existing programs to reach all children involved in the worst forms of child labor, including programs addressing child labor in the mining industry and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the Guyana Decent Work Country Program and the Board of Industrial Training. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Guyana + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Guyana_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Haiti + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/haiti + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Haiti made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted the National Social Protection and Promotion Policy that aims to build institutional resilience for social protection against economic shocks and health crises, including efforts to identify and remove children from work and provide vocational training for youth. It also established task forces to combat human trafficking in three provinces, and collected data from 83 organizations to develop an interactive map of service providers for victims of human trafficking in the West, North-East, and Central Plateau regions. However, children in Haiti are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children in Haiti also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and domestic work. Minimum age protections apply only to children with a formal employment contract, which does not comply with international standards requiring all children to be protected. In addition, Haiti lacks a clear, easily applicable minimum age for domestic work and a list of hazardous occupations prohibited to children. Likewise, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties and social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. + + + + 5-14 + 0.344 + 815993 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.924 + + + 7-14 + 0.349 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + N/A + N/A + Unavailable + 585 + 424 + 35 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that minimum age for work protections apply to all children, including those without formal employment contracts. + + + Clarify the minimum age for work, including for domestic work. + + + Adopt a list of hazardous occupations and activities, and ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include work in hazardous agricultural environments. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits forced labor. + + + Ensure that the law establishes a minimum age for voluntary recruitment by the state military, at age 18 or at age 16, with safeguards for voluntariness. + + + Establish by law a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age for work. + + + + + Collect and publish information on labor law enforcement efforts including on labor inspectorate funding; the number of labor inspectors and whether they received initial training; the number and type of labor inspections conducted; the number of violations found, total penalties imposed and collected; and whether routine, targeted, and unannounced inspections were carried out. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Ensure that the number of labor and criminal law enforcement agents, and the training and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, are sufficient to adequately enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Establish penalties that are sufficient to serve as a deterrent for employing children in contravention of the Labor Code. + + + Expand the reach of the hotlines operated by the Brigade for the Protection of Minors and the Institute of Social Welfare and Research to facilitate reporting of child exploitation cases in areas beyond Port-au-Prince, including in rural areas; publish information on the number of hotline calls related to child labor. + + + Collect and publish complete information on the trainings provided to criminal investigators and data on the number of convictions and penalties imposed related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that the Institute of Social Welfare and Research conducts child protection inspections, including following up on reported incidents of child labor. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that policies to prevent or combat child labor are implemented. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by removing school-related fees in public schools; increasing the number of schools and teachers, especially in rural areas and camps near the border with the Dominican Republic; ensuring that public schools address language barriers; meeting the specific educational needs of vulnerable populations, including recent arrivals from the Dominican Republic, unregistered children, and child domestic workers; and ensuring that children who start their education late or repeat grades are allowed to transition to secondary school. + + + Expand the National Child Protection Database, including by identifying displaced street children and children in domestic work. + + + Expand existing social programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in domestic work, agriculture, and child trafficking. + + + Ensure that all social programs are active and fulfilling their mandates as intended. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Protecting the Working Conditions of People/ Proteje Kondisyon Travay Moun (PWOKONTRAM) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protecting-working-conditions-people-proteje-kondisyon-travay-moun-pwokontram + + + + + Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/honduras + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Honduras made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government began implementing the new Child Labor Inspection Protocol, which established guidelines and procedures for inspectors to follow to ensure that inspections appropriately identify and address child labor violations. It also assisted non-governmental partners in the creation of a virtual training platform designed to train inspectors on the Child labor Inspection Protocol. Furthermore, government agencies conducted multiple joint operations targeting child labor throughout the country. However, children in Honduras are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and use in illicit activities, including selling and trafficking drugs. Children also engage in child labor in the production of coffee and melons. Labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lacked financial and human resources, and the government did not adequately report comprehensive data related to its criminal law enforcement efforts. In addition, social programs that address child labor in agriculture have not addressed the problem nationwide, and the government lacks similar programs to eliminate child labor in other sectors, including fishing, mining, and domestic work. + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Lobsters + Yes + No + No + + + Melons + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.09 + 168348 + 0.533 + 0.127 + 0.34 + + + 5-14 + 0.879 + + + 7-14 + 0.062 + + + 0.795 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + 3200000 + 185 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 8267 + 7318 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + 35 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Raise the minimum working age of 14 to conform to the compulsory education age of 17. + + + + + Carry out labor inspections in areas in which child labor is prevalent, such as rural areas, the informal sector, and indigenous communities in which children engage in agriculture and fishing or diving. + + + Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient funding and resources to carry out their mandates nationwide. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Ensure that all labor inspectors receive sufficient training on child labor issues. + + + Publish complete criminal law enforcement information on efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, such as all training provided, total number of violations found, prosecutions initiated, number of convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for violations. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Report on actions taken to carry out policies related to child labor on an annual basis. + + + + + Increase access to education by increasing funding to schools, ensuring that teachers speak local languages or dialects, building more schools, particularly in rural areas, enhancing efforts to protect students from gang recruitment and violence, and removing barriers such as school fees and costs for uniforms and transportation. + + + Ensure that social programs reach the children who are most vulnerable to child labor, including children of African descent and indigenous children. + + + Ensure that social programs are adequately funded and implemented, and report on their yearly efforts. + + + Expand social programs that address child labor in agriculture and create programs to assist children engaged in child labor in fishing, mining, domestic service, and illicit gang activity. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf + + + Youth Pathways - Central America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/youth-pathways-central-america-0 + + + Addressing Child Labor and Forced Labor in the Coffee Supply Chain in Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/addressing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-coffee-supply-chain-honduras + + + Futuros Brillantes: Project to Reduce Child Labor and Improve Labor Rights and Working Conditions in Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/futuros-brillantes-project-reduce-child-labor-and-improve-labor-rights-and-working-0 + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in the Melon Plantations of Honduras + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/prevention-and-elimination-child-labor-melon-plantations-honduras + + + + + India + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/india + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, India made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the national government disbursed $13.5 million in funding to expand Anti-Human Trafficking Units from 332 districts to all 732 districts, and provided additional training and resources to existing units. In March 2020, the Government of Karnataka released comprehensive standard operating procedures on human trafficking in collaboration with civil society organizations. The standard operating procedures cover sex trafficking, child beggary, child labor, and bonded labor. In addition, the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, which included workplace safety standards for children ages 14–18, was passed in September 2020. However, children in India are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in garment production, stone quarrying, and brickmaking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of thread and yarn. India also does not meet the international standard for the prohibition of military recruitment by non-state armed groups. Research has found that that no illegal shelter homes were shut down during the reporting period. Research has also found that complicit government officials were not held accountable for helping to operate illegal shelter homes—no criminal cases were initiated against government officials in 2020. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include all occupations in which children work for long periods of time in unsafe and unhealthy environments, and penalties for employing children are insufficient to deter violations. The government also did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement and criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + Bidis (hand-rolled cigarettes) + Yes + No + No + + + Brassware + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Carpets + Yes + Yes + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Cottonseed (hybrid) + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Embellished Textiles + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Fireworks + Yes + No + No + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Gems + Yes + No + No + + + Glass Bangles + Yes + No + No + + + Incense (agarbatti) + Yes + No + No + + + Leather Goods/Accessories + Yes + No + No + + + Locks + Yes + No + No + + + Matches + Yes + No + No + + + Mica + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Sandstone + Yes + Yes + No + + + Silk Fabric + Yes + No + No + + + Silk Thread + Yes + No + No + + + Soccer Balls + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Thread/Yarn + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.014 + 3253202 + 0.564 + 0.331 + 0.104 + + + 5-14 + 0.907 + + + 7-14 + 0.003 + + + 0.917 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 are comprehensive, especially in the sectors in which children work in unsafe and unhealthy conditions for long periods of time, such as in spinning mills, garment production, carpet making, and domestic work. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Publish the legal instrument that establishes the minimum age for voluntary recruitment into India's armed forces. + + + + + Ensure that there are no gaps in criminal law enforcement efforts regarding children from marginalized communities who are trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation, and ensure that procedures are in place to properly screen human trafficking victims to avoid prosecuting them for crimes that their traffickers compelled them to commit. + + + Ensure that Anti-Human Trafficking Units have sufficient funding and human resources to adequately perform their work. + + + Collect and publish national-level data on labor law enforcement, including the amount of funding for the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspectors, the number and type of inspections conducted, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Collect and publish national-level data from all state governments on trainings for criminal investigators, the number of criminal investigations, the number of violations found, the number of prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions. Ensure that penalties are imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor, and that a reciprocal referral mechanism exists between criminal authorities and social services. + + + Ensure that the number of labor inspectors in India meets the ILO's technical guidance. + + + Ensure adequate training for labor and criminal law inspectors, that an adequate number of labor inspections are conducted, that labor inspections are regularly conducted in all sectors in which child labor occurs, and that the complaint mechanism response time is efficient. + + + Create meaningful penalties for employment of children in prohibited child labor to ensure that penalties adequatelydeter violations. + + + Ensure that public officials who facilitate or participate in the worst forms of child labor are held accountable, including officials who accept bribes in exchange for protection from the law. + + + Ensure that there is implementation of victim protection measures in courts, and ensure that judges and prosecutors at Protection of Children From Sexual Offences Act courts have adequate training or expertise on crimes involving the commercial sexual exploitation of children.. + + + Fully implement standard operating procedures that provide financial assistance to victims rescued from bonded labor, including children, and ensure that bonded labor cases are fast tracked to ensure that victims receive financial assistance and are issued release certificates in a timely manner. + + + Investigate suspected abuses and misconduct at government-run, government-funded shelter homes, and prioritize the official registration of all government-run, government-funded shelters to ensure government oversight. Ensure that shelter homes are fully staffed and free of abuses, including forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Ensure that all state governments conduct audits of all government-run, government-funded shelters as mandated by the Supreme Court. + + + Ensure that law enforcement agencies have adequate technological and financial resources to respond to technological tools used by traffickers. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Work with state governments that do not currently have state action plans for the elimination of child labor to establish such plans. + + + Publish information about activities that were undertaken to implement the national plan of action and state action plans during the reporting period. + + + Approve and implement a national policy to combat trafficking in persons and support victims. + + + + + Ensure that education accessibility is equitable and widespread by providing adequate financial resources dedicated to remote learning assets and penalizing education officials who engage in discrimination and harassment of children. Further reduce barriers to education, in particular for refugee children and children from marginalized communities, by providing sufficient training for teachers, providing separate and sanitary washrooms for girls, and increasing the number of available schools, especially in rural areas in which inadequate infrastructure and transportation options limit access to education. + + + Ensure collection, findings, and publication of data on exploitative child labor are made available to the public, including findings from district-level bonded labor surveys and raw data from the national census. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 + + + Supply Chain Tracing and Engagement Methodologies (STREAMS) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/streams-supply-chain-tracing-and-engagement-methodologies + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-4 + + + Converging Against Child Labor: Support for India's Model + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_ConvergenceModel_0.pdf + + + Preventing and Eliminating Child Labor in Identified Hazardous Sectors (INDUS) – Migrant Child Labor Addendum + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_INDUS_MigrantChildAdden_CLOSED.pdf + + + Preventing and Eliminating Child Labor in Identified Hazardous Sectors (INDUS) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/India_INDUS_CLOSED.pdf + + + Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Indonesia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/indonesia + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Indonesia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government removed 9,000 children from child labor through the Family Hope Program and subsequently enrolled them in school. The government also increased its allocation to street and abandoned children from $357,142 (IDR 5 billion) in 2019 to $2.7 million (IDR 38.1 billion), helping approximately 68,438 children. In addition, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government directed financial resources to families in extreme hardship by providing 96.8 million Indonesians who struggle to meet basic needs with the Indonesia Health Card. However, children in Indonesia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in plantation agriculture, including in palm oil and tobacco production. The Ministry of Manpower continued to lack the financial resources and personnel necessary to fully enforce child labor laws throughout the country. In addition, the government did not publish criminal enforcement information on the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and imposed penalties for crimes relating to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Fish + Yes + Yes + No + + + Footwear (sandals) + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Oil (Palm) + Yes + Yes + No + + + Rubber + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Tin + Yes + No + No + + + + + 10-14 + 0.037 + 816363 + 0.616 + 0.12 + 0.265 + + + 10-14 + 0.924 + + + 10-14 + 0.021 + + + 1.023 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 13500000 + 1352 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 10007 + 10007 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that threats, the use of force, and coercion do not need to be established for the crime of child trafficking. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including jockeying in horse racing, in which there is evidence that children are exposed to physical dangers. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities the activities in which light work may be permitted. + + + Establish by law free basic public education by removing provisions that permit schools to charge fees. + + + + + Authorize the inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have authority to inspect the informal sector, including private farms and homes, for child labor violations. + + + Ensure that labor inspectorate funding is sufficient to cover infrastructure, transportation, and fuel requirements to enable labor inspectors to carry out inspections. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. + + + Ensure that all labor law and criminal law enforcement personnel receive adequate training on child labor regulations, including refresher trainings for labor inspectors. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement information, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and imposed penalties for crimes relating to child labor, including its worst forms. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Sufficiently fund Provincial and District Task Forces and require them to incorporate the recommendations of the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Task Force into their plans of action on the elimination of trafficking of women and children. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Collect and publish prevalence data on child laborers ages 5 through 10. + + + Conduct research to determine the types of activities carried out by children, including in construction and street work sectors, to inform social policies and programs. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, including removing school-related fees for basic education and ensuring that all children are able to obtain a government-issued student identification number so they can attend school. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + PROMOTE: Decent Work for Domestic Workers to End Child Domestic Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promote-decent-work-domestic-workers-end-child-domestic-work + + + Eliminate Exploitive Child Labor through Education and Economic Development (EXCEED) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminate-exploitive-child-labor-through-education-and-economic-development-exceed + + + Project of Support to the Indonesia Timebound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor-Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_TBP_PhaseII_0.pdf + + + Enable Program: Enabling ACEH to Combat Exploitation through Education (ENABLE/ACEH) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_ENABLEACEH_TsunamiRelief_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Enable Program: Enabling Communities to Combat Child Trafficking Through Education + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_ENABLE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Support to the Indonesian National Plan of Action and the Development of the Timebound Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (Including ACEH Addendum) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Indonesia_TBP_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Fishing and Footwear Sectors Program to Combat Hazardous Child Labor in Indonesia, Phase 2 + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/fishing-and-footwear-sectors-program-combat-hazardous-child-labor-indonesia-phase-2 + + + SAFE Seas + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/safe-seas + + + Program to Combat Child Labor in the Fishing Sector in Indonesia and the Philippines- Phases I and II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthEastAsia_Fishing_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Iran + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/iran + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Carpets + Yes + No + No + + + + + Iraq + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/iraq + Middle East and North Africa + Yes + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Iraq made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Interior investigated several cases implicating Ministry of Interior police and Iraqi Security Forces members in sex trafficking crimes, including prosecution, conviction, and sentencing of six police officers and two Internal Security Forces service members for trafficking boys and girls into sexual exploitation. In addition, theMinistry of Interior upgraded the Anti-Trafficking Directorate from departmental to directorate status and increased its allocationof financial and human resources. However, despite initiatives to address child labor, Iraq is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Iraqi and Kurdistan Regional Government authorities continued to inappropriately detain and prosecute without legal representation children allegedly affiliated with ISIS—some of whom were victims of forcible recruitment and use—and used abusive interrogation techniques and torture to gain children’s confessions. Children in Iraq are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and in commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government did not provide information on its labor or criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. It also continues to lack programs that focus on assisting children involved in the worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.784 + + + 7-14 + 0.042 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + Kurdistan Region + Kurdistan Region + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Iraq + Iraq + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Iraq + Iraq + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Kurdistan Region + Kurdistan Region + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + + Iraq + Iraq + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Kurdistan Region + Kurdistan Region + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + + Iraq + Iraq + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Kurdistan Region + Kurdistan Region + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Iraq + Iraq + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Kurdistan Region + Kurdistan Region + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Iraq + Iraq + No + + No + No + + + Kurdistan Region + Kurdistan Region + No + + No + No + + + + + Iraq + Iraq + No + + No + No + + + Kurdistan Region + Kurdistan Region + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Iraq + Iraq + No + + No + No + + + Kurdistan Region + Kurdistan Region + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Iraq and Kurdistan Region + Iraq and Kurdistan Region + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + + Iraq and Kurdistan Region + Iraq and Kurdistan Region + No + + No + No + + + + + Iraq + Iraq + No + 12‡ + No + No + + + Kurdistan Region + Kurdistan Region + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + N/A + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + N/A + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + + + Ensure that the laws comprehensively prohibit child trafficking in all parts of Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region, and do not require force or coercion for their application, in accordance with international standards. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of a child in prostitution and the use, procuring, and offering of a child for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law in Iraq criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Increase the age of compulsory schooling in Iraq to at least age 15, the minimum age for work. + + + + + Ensure that children under age 18 are not recruited or used by armed groups affiliated with the Popular Mobilization Forces and that those that recruit and use children criminally accountable. + + + Publish labor law enforcement information, such as the funding of the labor inspectorate, number of inspectors, inspections, and violations. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Ensure that routine labor inspections are carried out in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive training, including refresher courses, on child labor and that they have sufficient resources to carry out their duties. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice and ensure adequate funding to enforce legal protections against child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement on the worst forms of child labor in Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. + + + Ensure that children are not arrested, detained, tortured, or denied services on the basis of their or their family members' perceived ties to ISIS. + + + Ensure that allegations of sexual exploitation and trafficking of girls in IDP camps by government officials are investigated and those responsible are held criminally liable. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies meet and are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Implement the Child Protection Policy in Iraq, and adopt a child labor policy in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region for other worst forms of child labor present in Iraq, including forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Implement programs to ensure that children are discouraged from enlisting in armed groups and receiving military training. + + + Ensure that universal access to education is consistent with international standards, including for refugee and internally displaced children, and that programs address barriers to education, including the lack of teachers, the destruction and lack of local schools, costs of transportation and school supplies, lack of infrastructure, especially during school closures. Ensure that the lack of identification documents does not hinder access to education, including for IDPs and refugees, children with suspected ties to ISIS, and children of “informal” marriages. + + + Implement programs to address child labor in relevant sectors in Iraq, such as the provision of services to children in commercial sexual exploitation, to demobilize and reintegrate children engaged in armed groups, and to provide informal education programs and shelters for human trafficking victims. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Jamaica + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/jamaica + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Jamaica made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a national referral mechanism for child trafficking victims, and significantly increased the budget for the Program for Advancement through Health and Education from $70.7 million in 2019 to $100 million, an expansion that was supplemented with another $6.7 million after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also implemented the Child Labor Risk Identification Model, a preventative tool that identifies geographical areas and sectors with the highest probability of child labor. However, children in Jamaica are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and use in illicit activities. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture and street work. Although the government has laws prohibiting the use of children in some illicit activities, it does not provide higher penalties for using, procuring, or offering children for the production and distribution of drugs than penalties imposed for these same crimes when the victims are adults. + + + + 5-14 + 0.062 + 30111 + 0.165 + 0.029 + 0.806 + + + 5-14 + 0.989 + + + 7-14 + 0.072 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 3144000 + 181 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 2669 + 1821 + 2 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + N/A + Yes + 28 + 8 + 2 + 1 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that legislation includes higher penalties for the use of children for the production and distribution of drugs. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to align with the compulsory education age of 16. + + + Pass legislation that will determine the specific light work activities and hours permissible for children ages 13 and 14 to facilitate enforcement. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Permit by law the publication of statistics and information related to child labor. + + + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + + + Ensure that the Child Protection and Family Services Agency and any other relevant agency or coordinating body has the authority and resources necessary to effectively coordinate between child labor, human trafficking, and other child-related issues. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Labor and Social Security implements its Program for the Elimination of Child Labor. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Compulsory Education Policy. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the government's National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking (2018–2021). + + + + + Ensure that school costs, such as uniforms, books, food, and transportation, do not diminish access to free public education. + + + Ensure that social programs adequately address child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, and expand programs designed to assist child laborers involved in street work, commercial sexual exploitation, agricultural work, and other worst forms of child labor. + + + Implement a program to report, identify, and find missing children who may have been forced into child labor. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Jamaica + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jamaica_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Jordan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/jordan + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Jordan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In 2020, for the first time, the Ministry of Labor conducted 850 targeted child labor inspections in the agricultural sector throughout the country. It also developed a new website and mobile phone application that, once operational, will allow the public to report cases of child labor, which will then be logged into the National Child Labor Database. In addition, the Minister of Labor launched the Program to End the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Zarqa and Amman. However, children in Jordan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Insufficient resources hampered the Ministry of Labor’s capacity to ensure compliance with child labor laws in the agricultural sector. Moreover, and despite government efforts, Syrian children still face barriers to accessing education due to socioeconomic pressures, bullying, and the costs associated with transportation and supplies, among other issues. In addition, research was unable to determine whether criminal law enforcement agencies in Jordan conducted investigations on cases related to the worst forms of child labor despite evidence of these worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + 0.01 + 33182 + 0.432 + 0.142 + 0.426 + + + 5-14 + 0.948 + + + 7-14 + 0.01 + + + 0.817 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A* + + No + N/A* + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 353000 + 136 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 90723 + 5402 + 503 + 79 + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law criminalizes forced labor as its own offense. + + + + + Improve the quality of the Ministry of Labor's hotline by making it easier to locate, ensuring that operators, including those who speak foreign languages, are available outside of business hours, and all messages are addressed. + + + Publish the number of labor law penalties imposed that were collected. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO technical advice. + + + Ensure that criminal investigations are conducted on the worst forms of child labor, including forced begging and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigators, violations, prosecutions, and convictions. + + + Ensure that the number of inspections conducted per labor inspector affords inspectors enough time to adequately identify and remediate labor law violations. + + + + + Ensure that the National Committee on Child Labor functions and is able to carry out its mandate. + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor and other forms of child labor, including street and farm work. + + + + + Implement the Plan of Action to Eliminate Child Labor in Tourism in Petra. + + + + + Continue to expand access to education for all children including non-Syrian refugees, including ensuring students have transportation, are able to purchase supplies and uniforms, extending school hours, and students are not bullied or harassed. + + + Ensure that Syrian refugees without documentation may enroll in school. + + + Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor in agriculture, construction, and street vending. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Moving Towards a Child Labor-Free Jordan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/moving-towards-child-labor-free-jordan + + + Promising Futures: Reducing Child Labor in Jordan Through Education and Sustainable Livelihoods + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promising-futures-reducing-child-labor-jordan-through-education-and-sustainable + + + Combating Exploitive Labor through Education (CECLE) in Jordan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jordan_CECLE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Jordan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Jordan_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Kazakhstan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kazakhstan + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Kazakhstan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government approved additional funding for increasing the number of shelters for victims of human trafficking, including child victims, improved the bidding process through which shelter providers apply for government funding, and extended funding awards from 1 to 3 years. In addition, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection added forced labor indicators to labor inspection checklists, and updated labor inspectors' job descriptions to include detection and referral of potential forced labor cases to law enforcement. However, children in Kazakhstan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in markets. The government lacks current, comprehensive, and detailed research on child labor, including in cotton production. In addition, labor inspections of small enterprises are permitted only in cases that pose a mass threat to life and health, law and social order, or national security. + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.032 + 79690 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.907 + + + 7-14 + 0.036 + + + 1.02 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 19 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17‡ + No + Yes + + + + 3100000 + 274 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 3982 + 228 + 5 + 5 + 5 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 19 + 19 + 4 + 3 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that minimum age provisions and hazardous work prohibitions apply to all children, including those working without an employment contract. + + + Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which children may engage in light work. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Lift the moratorium on labor inspections at small enterprises and ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections at such businesses as appropriate. + + + Strengthen the labor inspection system by eliminating barriers to unannounced onsite inspections. + + + Strengthen detection of child labor by ensuring that targeted enforcement efforts, such as raids or labor inspections, are undertaken throughout the year and in all sectors in which children are vulnerable to child labor. + + + Increase the number of human trafficking-focused law enforcement officers to ensure adequate enforcement of criminal prohibitions against the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Conduct research to gather comprehensive data on child labor, including the activities carried out by children working in agriculture, in construction, and in services, to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that all children have access to education, including children with irregular migration status and children with disabilities, and raise awareness in vulnerable communities about existing remedies for denial of school enrollment. + + + Institute programs to address child labor, particularly in the agriculture and service sectors. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Kenya + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kenya + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Kenya made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government took measures to reinvigorate its National Steering Committee on Child Labor, including by creating and convening the inaugural meeting of a Technical Working Committee, reinstituted county-level child labor committees, and increased the number of prosecutions for worst forms of child labor. In addition, the government enacted the National Prevention and Response Plan on Violence Against Children to coordinate multi-sectoral activity to address violence against children, including commercial sexual exploitation and other worst forms of child labor. However, children in Kenya are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic service and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Kenya has yet to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. In addition, the gap between the compulsory education age and minimum age for work leaves children ages 14–16 vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Moreover, the government also has not committed sufficient resources to child labor law enforcement. + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Khat/Miraa (stimulant plant) + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Sand + Yes + No + No + + + Sisal + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.356 + 3736030 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.858 + + + 7-14 + 0.23 + + + 0.997 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14‡ + No + No + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + No + N/A + No + 4236 + 4236 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + N/A + No + 2 + 5 + 20 + 3 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Accede to the CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Ensure that light work provisions limit the number of hours for all light work activities. + + + Raise the compulsory education age to 17 to be equivalent to the minimum age for work. + + + + + Publish information about labor law enforcement efforts, the funding of the labor inspectorate, the number of labor inspectors, the number of child labor violations, and the number of child labor violations in which penalties were imposed and collected. + + + Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including by training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and refresher courses. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection has sufficient financial and human resources to address labor violations. + + + Ensure that measures are taken to investigate and impose penalties for violations of child labor by government officials. + + + Ensure criminal law enforcement investigators receive refresher training. + + + Ensure that magistrates receive training on laws protecting children from the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies receive sufficient funding and are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Plan of Action for Children in Kenya during the reporting period. + + + + + Collect and publish updated data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + End financial and training support for regional state armed groups in Somalia that recruit children, and hold perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor, including child soldiering, accountable. + + + Improve access to education by increasing the number of schools and teachers, enhancing the availability of hygiene facilities and products within schools, addressing sexual abuse in schools, and eliminating or defraying the cost of school fees, books, and uniforms. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and refugee children, by ensuring that pregnant girls can remain in school, improving access to birth registration documents, increasing the number of schools, and improving existing educational facilities in refugee camps. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Promoting Apprenticeship as a Path for Youth Employment in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Kenya through Global Apprenticeships Network (GAN) National Networks + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-apprenticeship-path-youth-employment-argentina-costa-rica-and-kenya-0 + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa + + + Better Utilization of Skills for Youth through Quality Apprenticeships (BUSY) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/better-utilization-skills-youth-busy-through-quality-apprenticeships + + + Creating The Enabling Environment To Establish Models For Child Labor Free Areas In Kenya: Support To The Implementation Of The National Action Plan For The Elimination Of The Worst Forms Of Child Labor With Special Focus On Agriculture And Older Children + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/creating-enabling-environment-establish-models-child-labor-free-areas-kenya-support + + + Supporting the National Plan of Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Kenya + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Kenya_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Kiribati + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kiribati + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Kiribati made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government published results from the Social Development Indicator Survey conducted in 2018–2019, which provides statistics on child labor. In addition, the government established the Education Sector Contingency Plan for COVID-19 and secured a grant from the Global Partnership for Education to develop remote learning interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Kiribati engage in dangerous tasks in construction and street vending. Existing laws do not identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children, and do not prohibit the domestic trafficking of children. In addition, the government has not adopted a national policy to combat the worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.009 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 5 + Yes + No + N/A + No + 63 + 63 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 63 + No + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that the law specifies the activities and number of hours of work per week that are acceptable for children engaged in light work, and the conditions under which children can engage in light work. + + + Establish law that prohibits the domestic trafficking of children and the various acts involved in recruitment, harboring, transportation, transfer, and receipt of child trafficking. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Publish information on the labor inspectorate's funding. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring sufficient resources to support labor law enforcement activities and initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + + + Institutionalize training on child labor laws for labor inspectors and criminal investigators, including initial training for new inspectors and investigators and refresher courses. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions, and whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in all sectors to inform policies and programs. + + + Implement social programs to address all relevant forms of child labor, including in construction and street vending. + + + Implement programs to address the issue of commercial sexual exploitation of young girls with crew members from foreign fishing vessels. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Kosovo + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kosovo + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Kosovo made a moderate advancement to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government drafted multiple regulations for the implementation of the Law on Child Protection to address child labor in the informal sector. The Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare also began conducting a survey on children engaged in hazardous work and the Committee for Prevention and Elimination of Hazardous Forms of Child Labor drafted an action plan for central- and local-level institutions and civil society organizations on how to coordinate efforts to prevent hazardous child labor. In addition, the government passed the Strategy on the Rights of the Child, which provides a policy framework for the protection of children's rights, including child labor. Moreover, the government worked with UNICEF to launch a new program that aims to increase the availability of early childhood education and promote inclusion of children with disabilities into the education system. However, children in Kosovo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work, including loading and transportation of goods and begging. The Labor Inspectorate and Centers for Social Work also face financial and human resource constraints, which may impede their ability to adequately address child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.954 + + + 7-14 + 0.131 + + + Unavailable + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + 983813 + 37 + Yes + N/A + Yes + Yes + 7105 + 7105 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + 62 + 79 + 37 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Criminalize the use of children in prostitution. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to children in informal work. + + + + + Ensure that Centers for Social Work have sufficient capacity and resources, such as shelter and short-term care services, personnel, and training to address the specific needs of child labor victims. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors conduct child labor inspections on private farms and in areas with ethnic Serb majorities. + + + NA + + + Incorporate topics on child labor, including hazardous child labor, in both new employee training and refresher courses; ensure trainings on new child labor laws for all labor inspectors. + + + Ensure Kosovo Police authorities are trained to identify cases of forced begging as child labor instead of parental neglect or abuse. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of convictions and penalties imposed. + + + NA + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Strategy for the Inclusion of Roma and Ashkali Communities. + + + Ensure that the National Strategy Against Human Trafficking for 2020–2024 is implemented. + + + Ensure that the annual Action Plan Against Human Trafficking is implemented. + + + Ensure that the Kosovo Education Strategic Plan is active. + + + Ensure that the Regulation on the Implementation of the Rights of Children through a Child-Friendly Municipal Governance System is active. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by making additional efforts to register Ashkali, Balkan Egyptian, and Roma children at birth. + + + Increase the number of shelter spaces and short-term services available for child labor victims. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + + + Kyrgyz Republic + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/kyrgyz-republic + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law and Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, the Kyrgyz Republic made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government ratified International Labor Organization P029, Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labor Convention, and drafted a National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons for 2021–2024. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, the Kyrgyz Republic is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a law and practice that delays advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. The government extended a 2019 moratorium on labor inspections until 2022. Although the government amended this moratorium in 2020 to permit labor inspections based on formal complaints, the Ministry of Economy must approve worksite visits associated with such inspections, and in practice, it announces these visits in advance. As a result, unannounced inspections remain severely restricted. Children in the Kyrgyz Republic are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Protections to children granted in the Labor Code, such as the minimum age of employment, are not extended to children engaged in non-contractual employment, and research indicated that labor law enforcement efforts are not targeted to all sectors in which children are vulnerable to child labor, especially agriculture. In addition, the scope of social programs to combat child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.947 + + + 7-14 + 0.384 + + + 1.086 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 27 + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + 206 + 7 + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 9 + 9 + 2 + 0 + Yes + N/A + + + + + Ensure that the law’s minimum age provisions apply to all children, including those working without an employment contract. + + + Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution, and ensure that laws prohibiting offering of children for prostitution cover all children under age 18. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which children may undertake light work. + + + + + Lift the moratorium on labor inspections and ensure that the labor inspectorate conducts routine, targeted, and unannounced labor inspections, and assesses penalties as appropriate. + + + Publish complete information about the State Inspectorate on Ecological and Technical Safety's efforts to enforce prohibitions on child labor, including information on the Inspectorate's funding, the number of labor inspections conducted, and the number of penalties assessed and collected. + + + Strengthen the labor inspection system by providing child labor training for new labor inspectors, and provide to all labor inspectors refresher courses on child labor that include information about changes to child labor laws. + + + Ensure that child labor violations identified by criminal enforcement agencies are appropriately referred to the State Inspectorate on Ecological and Technical Safety, and that penalties are assessed as appropriate. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice and ensure thatinspectors have adequate resources to conduct inspections. + + + Conduct targeted inspections in all sectors in which children are highly vulnerable to child labor, including agriculture. + + + Ensure thatthe State Inspectorate on Ecological and Technical Safety and relevant social services providers have the capacity to adequately implement the child labor complaint mechanism. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies investigate and prosecute violations related to the worst forms of child labor, including cases of possible police complicity in abusing victims. + + + + + Ensure that the procedures for needs assessment of the Children's Affairs Commission are appropriate for traumatized children, including children who were engaged in the worst forms of child labor. + + + Strengthen the Children's Affairs Commission by empowering relevant social services providers to assist, as appropriate, with investigations related to child labor. + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Implement a comprehensive policy to address all relevant forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that all children have access to free education, including children with disabilities, those living and working on the street, those lacking residence registration, and those without birth certificates and guardianship documents. + + + Ensure that social programs, such as the Cash Transfer Program, provide sufficient benefits to reduce vulnerability to child labor and are accessible to families. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in commercial sexual exploitation and in agriculture, including cultivating cotton. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Lebanon + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/lebanon + Middle East and North Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Lebanon made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting year, the Internal Security Forces reported conducting two training sessions, one for social violence and child labor and a separate training for junior officers who will be in charge of judicial investigations in regional units. However, children in Lebanon are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in construction and in forced labor in agriculture, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in the production of potatoes and tobacco. Laws related to forced labor do not meet international standards as there is no legislative provision that provides criminal penalties for forced labor, and debt bondage is not criminally prohibited. Furthermore, the Ministry of Labor’s budget was unable to cover equipment, personnel, and transportation costs to conduct inspections. In addition, labor inspectors do not have the authority to inspect informal workplaces, in which child labor in Lebanon is most prominent, and programs targeting child labor remained insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. + + + Potatoes + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 34 + No + Unavailable + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 98 + 98 + Unavailable + 1 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Accede to the CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict, which the government signed in 2002. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including informal workers, domestic workers, and all agricultural workers. + + + Ensure that the use of a child in commercial sexual exploitation is criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that forced labor and debt bondage are criminally prohibited. + + + + + Ensure that there is an adequate mechanism to receive and log child labor complaints and refer them for investigation. + + + Track and publish information on labor law enforcement. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Provide Ministry of Labor inspectors with proper funding and the necessary transportation. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Publish information on criminal enforcement of child labor laws, including the number of prosecutions initiated. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies, including the Internal Security Forces' anti-trafficking unit, have the necessary funding and staff to investigate and prosecute criminal cases of child labor in accordance with the law. + + + + + Ensure that the National Steering Committee on Child Labor meets and carries out its duties. + + + + + Ensure that the Work Plan to Prevent and Respond to the Association of Children with Armed Violence in Lebanon is implemented, and that children previously associated with armed conflict receive social and rehabilitation services. + + + Ensure that government policies on child labor are implemented. + + + Adopt a new action plan to combat the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs.​ + + + Ensure access to public education for all children, including refugees, by improving transportation, addressing bullying and harassment, accommodating students with disabilities, and improving facilities. + + + Expand programs, including social services for human trafficking victims, to fully address the extent of child labor, including in construction and forced labor in agriculture. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Alternatives to Combat Child Labor Through Education and Sustainable Services in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/MidEast_LebanonYemen_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the National Policy and Program Framework for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (WFCL) in Lebanon and Yemen: Consolidating Action against WFCL + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/MidEast_LebanonYemen_IPEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Lesotho + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/lesotho + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Lesotho made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Lesotho’s legislature passed an amendment to the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act that removes the requirement for proof of force, fraud, or coercion even in the case of sex trafficking for minors; the addition of this amendment brings the law up to international standards. The National Police also established the Trafficking in Persons and Migrant Control Unit within the Lesotho Mounted Police Service to oversee human trafficking cases. In addition, multiple trainings were conducted during the reporting period that included: Strategies to Combat Forced Labor; Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking; Countering Trafficking and Victim Identification; and National Shock Responsive Social Protection for the Multisector Impacts of COVID-19. However, children in Lesotho are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in animal herding and domestic work. Lesotho’s compulsory education age is below the minimum age for work, leaving children in between these ages vulnerable to child labor. The government also lacks sufficient coordination mechanisms to combat child labor, and labor inspections are not conducted in high-risk sectors, including the informal sector. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.938 + + + 7-14 + 0.321 + + + 0.856 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 13‡ + No + No + + + + 796465 + 31 + No + No + No + Yes + 437 + 437 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + No + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Establish age 15 as the age up to which education is compulsory to match the minimum age for full-time work. + + + + + Provide adequate funding and training for labor inspectors to carry out mandated duties. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive an adequate amount of funding, training, and resources with which to conduct inspections and investigations. + + + Ensure that labor inspections are conducted in all relevant sectors, including the informal sector. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate is authorized to assess penalties, including those related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that all Coordination Teams are active and undertaking activities in support of their missions. + + + + + Ensure that there is a policy for the elimination of child labor to replace the expiredNational Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor. + + + Ensure that all actions plans are active and being implemented according to their mandates. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies in existing youth policies, such as the Education Sector Strategic Plan. + + + + + Institute programs that address factors that promote child labor, including the high HIV rate in adults. + + + Ensure that children with disabilities have equal access to education. + + + Address educational and logistical gaps resulting in reduced opportunities for secondary education, including the shortage of teachers and schools and secondary school fees. + + + Increase birth registrations of children to reduce their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem and ensure that this information is publicly available. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 + + + + + Liberia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/liberia + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Liberia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, the labor inspectorate conducted 1,200 inspections at worksites in 2020, including over 100 unannounced labor inspections, compared to an estimated 236 inspections in 2019. In addition, the government investigated two suspected cases of child trafficking, initiated or advanced the prosecution of three cases, and convicted one individual who awaits sentencing. However, children in Liberia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the production of rubber and the mining of gold and diamonds. In addition, Liberia has yet to accede to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child's Protocol on Armed Conflict and the Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography, and the minimum age for work is not in compliance with international standards. Moreover, social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of the problem in the country. + + + Diamonds + Yes + No + No + + + Rubber + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.166 + 136340 + 0.784 + 0.042 + 0.174 + + + 5-14 + 0.759 + + + 7-14 + 0.14 + + + 0.606 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + + Unavailable + 49 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 1200 + 1200 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 2 + Unavailable + 3 + 1 + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Raise the compulsory education age to be consistent with the minimum age for employment. + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Accede to the UN Protocol on Minimum Age. + + + + + Ensure that penalties for employing children under the minimum age for work are stringent enough to deter violations. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to all children, including those who are employed less than full time and those who are working outside of school hours. + + + Publish information on the labor inspectorate’s funding and the number of child labor violations found. + + + Ensure labor inspections are conducted in all sectors in which children work. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for child labor violations. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate’s complaint and referral mechanism is adequately supported and operational. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor, including the violations found and the penalties applied. + + + Ensure adequate funding for child labor enforcement agencies, such as the Ministry of Labor, the Liberia National Police, and the Women and Children Protection Section, and provide necessary training for such officials to enforce child labor laws. + + + Disaggregate the child endangerment cases prosecuted through the Ministry of Justice to determine the number of cases related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure adequate funding for the National Commission on Child Labor's program activities to address child labor. + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies, including the Anti-Human Trafficking Task Force, are implementing effective case referral mechanisms. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies. + + + Publish information about the activities taken to implement policies that address child labor. + + + + + Collect and publish comprehensive research data to determine child labor activities and to inform policies and programs. + + + Improve access to education by subsidizing the cost of school-related costs and reduce barriers to education by building additional schools, addressing sexual abuse in schools, and providing adequate transportation. + + + Ensure that children do not leave school before the completion of compulsory education. + + + Expand existing social programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially in forced domestic work, the production of rubber, prostitution, and the mining of gold and diamonds. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Actions to Reduce Child Labor (ARCH) in Areas of Rubber Production + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/actions-reduce-child-labor-arch-areas-rubber-production + + + CYCLE - Countering Youth and Child Labor through Education in Sierra Leone and Liberia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_CYCLE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Madagascar + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/madagascar + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Madagascar made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. A national task force created to protect children developed an online portal enabling the public to report cases of child exploitation. Meanwhile, the National Bureau to Combat Human Trafficking conducted an assessment of the expired national action plan to combat human trafficking and finalized a new plan during the reporting period. In response to international reporting, the government drafted a national action plan to combat child labor in the mica sector. Finally, Madagascar expanded services provided through support and reintegration programs by creating new support centers in the cities of Toliara and Tolagnaro. Although Madagascar made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, the government failed to investigate reports of some officials issuing false identity documents to minors in exchange for bribes from tourists seeking to engage in sex with underage girls. Children in Madagascar are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic servitude and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the mica mining sector and in agriculture, including in the production of vanilla. Limited resources for the enforcement of child labor laws may impede government efforts to protect children from the worst forms of child labor, and social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. + + + Mica + Yes + No + No + + + Sapphires + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + No + No + + + Vanilla + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.688 + + + 7-14 + 0.338 + + + 0.633 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16‡ + No + Yes + + + + 31820 + 147 + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Investigate and prosecute public officials who are allegedly complicit in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Publish complete enforcement information related to child labor, including the number and types of labor inspections conducted and the number of violations found. + + + Ensure that inspectors and criminal law enforcement officials receive appropriate and regular training on child labor issues. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives adequate funding to enforce child labor laws and to conduct a sufficient number of inspections, including in rural and agricultural areas. + + + Ensure that inspectors regularly exercise their authority to conduct routine unannounced inspections rather than conduct inspections primarily in response to complaints. + + + Ensure that children are removed from child labor situations and that penalties for child labor violations are applied. + + + Enhance the effectiveness of existing complaint hotline databases by gathering separate data on child labor-related complaints. + + + Disseminate and enforce the new decree expanding the list of hazardous occupations for children. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement data on the types of trainings conducted, the number of violations found, the number of investigations and prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions achieved with respect to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies have sufficient staff, equipment, and transportation to combat the worst forms of child labor. + + + Strengthen the court systems to ensure perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor are properly investigated, prosecuted, and sentenced. + + + + + Ensure that relevant coordinating mechanisms are adequately funded and are actively implementing their mandates. + + + + + Ensure that policies related to child labor are implemented, and report on yearly actions taken. + + + Develop and adopt a new National Action Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor, and finalize new versions of expired policies, such as the National Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including those in rural communities, by removing fees for supplies and school-related costs, increasing school infrastructure and transportation services, hiring sufficiently qualified teachers, and ensuring children’s safety in schools. + + + Ensure that social protection systems have adequate funding to provide appropriate services to victims of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Expand the scope of programs to address child labor in agriculture and the worst forms of child labor in agriculture, commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, begging, and mining. + + + Collect and publish comprehensive data on child labor prevalence in Madagascar. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Eliminating Child Labor in Mica-Producing Communities and Promoting Responsible Mica Sourcing in Madagascar and Globally (MICA) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-child-labor-mica-producing-communities-and-promoting-responsible-mica + + + Supporting Sustainable and Child Labor Free Vanilla-Growing Communities in SAVA (SAVABE) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-sustainable-and-child-labor-free-vanilla-growing-communities-sava-savabe + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor in Madagascar + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Madagascar_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Madagascar – IPEC's Contribution to the National Action Plan to Eliminate Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Madagascar_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Malawi + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/malawi + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Malawi made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government brought into force the International Labor Organization 2014 Protocol to the Forced Labor Convention and the 2001 Safety and Health in Agricultural Convention, which increase protections against forced labor and child labor in agriculture, respectively. The government also adopted an updated National Action Plan on the Elimination of Child Labor, established district-level coordinating committees to improve responses to child trafficking at the local level, and, with the support of the International Labor Organization, launched a 4 year initiative to address decent work deficits in the tobacco sector, including elimination of child labor. In addition, criminal law enforcement officers increased the number of investigations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. However, children in Malawi are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the harvesting of tobacco and in commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, minimum age laws do not meet international standards because protections do not extend to children working in private homes and non-commercial farms. Prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities also do not meet international standards. Moreover, gaps continue to exist in labor law enforcement related to child labor, including financial resource allocation. + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + 0.677 + 0.014 + 0.309 + + + 5-14 + 0.899 + + + 7-14 + 0.454 + + + 0.803 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + N/A + No + 9 + 16 + 15 + 12 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure legal protection for children working in the tenancy system. + + + Ensure that all forms of children’s work, including work conducted by children in private homes (domestic services) and on non-commercial farms, receive legal protection, including a minimum age for work that complies with international standards. + + + Raise the minimum age for work from 14 years to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Criminalize the use of children in illicit activities, particularly in producing and trafficking drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts. + + + Increase resources to the labor inspectorate to conduct regular labor inspections, including in remote and rural areas. + + + Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Malawi meets the ILO's technical guidance. + + + Institutionalize training for criminal law enforcement investigators, including providing refresher courses. + + + Ensure that children who are victims of commercial sexual exploitation do not fall victim to sexual extortion and are not arrested or detained. + + + + + Ensure that there is standardized approach and guidance to training and responding to child labor to strengthen coordination and referral mechanisms. + + + + + Make publicly available key national policies, including the National Action Plan on the Elimination of Child Labor and the National Action Plan for the Child. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Children's Policy and the National Action Plan for the Child during the reporting period. + + + Adopt national child labor and child protection policies, with consideration to child labor in agriculture, domestic services, and other sectors in which children in Malawi are working. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Education Sector Plan and the National Youth Policy. + + + + + Ensure that additional educational costs, inadequate school infrastructure and number of teachers, long travel distances to reach schools, exposure to sexual violence, and the impact of HIV/AIDS do not serve as barriers to education. + + + Ensure that all children are registered at birth, and increase efforts to register children who are not issued birth certificates at birth. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Child Labor Monitoring Systems and the Orphans and Vulnerable Children Intervention during the reporting period. + + + Improve harmonization of child labor prevention and elimination measures into the National Social Cash Transfer Program to increase its effectiveness in preventing and removing children from child labor. + + + Increase the scope of existing social programs to reach more children at risk of the worst forms of child labor, and develop specific programs to target children in agriculture and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 + + + Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Project of Support to the National Action Plan (NAP) to Combat Child Labour in Malawi + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-support-national-action-plan-nap-combat-child-labour-malawi + + + Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor in Malawi + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Malawi_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations + + + + + Malaysia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/malaysia + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Protecting the Rights of Migrant Workers through Empowerment and Advocacy in Malaysia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protecting-rights-migrant-workers-through-empowerment-and-advocacy-malaysia + + + Research on Labor Conditions in the Production of Electronic Goods in Malaysia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/research-labor-conditions-production-electronic-goods-malaysia + + + From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 + + + + + Electronics + No + Yes + No + + + Garments + No + Yes + No + + + Oil (Palm) + Yes + Yes + No + + + Rubber Gloves + No + Yes + No + + + + + Maldives + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/maldives + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Maldives made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In February 2020, the government enacted a new Child Rights Protection Act that criminalizes child labor below the age of 16 and child exploitation, including the use of children to sell drugs. The government also enacted a new Education Act in November 2020 that provides for free public education. During the reporting period, the government reported 335 incidents of commercial sexual exploitation involving children, of which 120 cases resulted in prosecution, and 65 incidents of children being used in illicit activities, including drug trafficking, of which 20 cases were prosecuted. The government also increased the labor inspectorate budget from $572,984 to $929,457. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Maldives are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced labor in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The government has not determined specific hazardous occupations or activities that are prohibited for children, and the law does not sufficiently prohibit the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Moreover, the government does not have a policy or program to address all relevant worst forms of child labor in the country. + + + + 5-14 + 0.039 + 2364 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.795 + + + 7-14 + 0.04 + + + 0.917 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 929457 + 17 + Yes + No + N/A + No + 62 + 62 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + 400 + 351 + 140 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Criminally prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children, including procuring, offering, and using children for pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive training that specifically focuses on child labor issues, including training for new employees and refresher courses. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws, including to cover the substantial travel expenses entailed by conducting inspections in the outlying islands. + + + Ensure that there is sufficient coordination between the labor inspectorate and the Maldives Inland Revenue Authority so that fines authorized by the labor inspectorate are collected. + + + Provide sufficient funding and training to the police and prosecutors, and ensure that investigators have the resources necessary to enforce laws on the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement imposes penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal investigations are disaggregated by type of exploitation related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that the Maldives Police Service and social services providers receive training on the differences between sex trafficking and sexual abuse, especially in cases involving children. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Adopt a policy to address all relevant forms of child labor, including domestic work and trafficking of drugs. + + + + + Conduct and publish a national child labor survey and research on the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking of children. + + + Publish information about activities undertaken to implement social programs. + + + Provide sufficient funding, human resources, and staff training for Family and Child Service centers and shelters that serve abused and exploited children. + + + Implement and provide sufficient resources for programs that address the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, the use of children for drug trafficking, and forced labor in domestic work. + + + + + No + No + No + + + + Mali + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mali + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Mali made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Mali took steps to prevent children from being recruited and used by the Malian Armed Forces, issuing orders prohibiting the use of children under the age of 15 and banning children from military camps. Mali also enacted a decree permitting the implementation of the mining code, which prohibits child labor in artisanal gold mines. In addition, the government published data on its labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of labor inspections conducted and violations identified. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mali is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it implemented a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The government provided support to non-state armed groups that recruited and used child soldiers in Mali. Children in Mali are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and in armed conflict. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in the production of cotton and rice, and in artisanal gold mining. Although Mali's 2012 Trafficking in Persons Law criminalizes trafficking for the purpose of slavery, it does not more broadly criminalize the act of slavery; this law does not explicitly prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities, and allows children under the age of 18 to be penalized as a direct result of forced recruitment by armed groups. In addition, resource constraints severely limited the Malian authorities’ ability to fully implement the National Plan to Combat Child Labor, and social and rehabilitation services for victims of the worst forms of child labor remain inadequate. + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.433 + + + 7-14 + 0.26 + + + 0.496 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + 123555 + 113 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 571 + 571 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 0 + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that draft anti-trafficking in persons and migrant smuggling legislation bills are finalized and adopted. + + + Ensure that the Labor Code establishes a minimum age no younger than age 13 for light work and specifies the conditions under which light work may be undertaken, in accordance with international standards. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits hereditary slavery in addition to other forms of forced labor. + + + Criminally prohibit the use, procurement, or offering of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs, in accordance with international standards. + + + Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups and in any armed conflict. + + + Ensure that the specific ages of children protected by the Inter-Ministerial Circular on the Prevention, Protection, and Rehabilitation of Child Soldiers is in compliance with international standards, and ensure that children under age 18 are not penalized as a result of being subjected to forced recruitment into armed conflict. + + + + + Increase labor inspectorate funding and resources, including equipment and transportation to carry out inspections, especially in remote areas of northern Mali. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient enforcement officials throughout the country and that they receive additional training, transportation, and equipment necessary to adequately enforce laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Publish information on enforcement efforts, including the number of children removed from child labor situations as a result of labor inspections, child labor violations found, child labor penalties imposed and collected, training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and the number of penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that children are identified and removed from worksites in which they are subjected to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that children are not imprisoned for their association with armed groups, and that they are not kept in detention centers with adults. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement, including whether training on new laws was provided, and whether penalties for violations of the worst forms of child labor were imposed. + + + Implement the provisions of the Inter-Ministerial Circular and the UN-signed Protocol, which require that children in detention for their association with armed groups be transferred to social services or to UN child protection agencies for appropriate reintegration and social protection services. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement efforts related to child labor are properly funded and resourced. + + + Ensure that government officials are sanctioned and held accountable for interference in legal cases related to crimes of the worst forms of child labor, including in cases of slavery and the recruitment and use of child soldiers. + + + Ensure that perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor are prosecuted and convicted in accordance with the law. + + + Ensure that the government does not support non-state armed groups. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Clarify roles for coordinating mechanisms combating child labor, and improve coordination among relevant agencies. + + + + + Ensure that the National Plan to Combat Child Labor is implemented, including by allocating sufficient financial and human resources. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Ensure that the Malian Armed Forces do not recruit any children. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls and those living in conflict-affected areas, by removing school-related fees, expanding school infrastructure, increasing teacher availability, providing free school supplies, and taking measures to ensure the safety of children and teachers in schools. + + + Increase birth registration rates to ensure that children have access to social services, including education. + + + Ensure that the military and non-state armed groups do not occupy schools. + + + Institute new programs to address child labor in all relevant sectors, including domestic work, forced begging, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that government social services have sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care for victims of the worst forms of child labor, including for children used in armed conflict. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + West Africa Regional Mining + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Other: External Audits of USDOL Funded Projects + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_RoundV_IPEC_FY08_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-1 + + + Support for the Preparation of the Mali Timebound Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mali_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + A Better Future for Mali's Children: Combating Child Trafficking Through Education in Mali + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mali_Trafficking_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Mauritania + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mauritania + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Policy and Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Mauritania made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a new NGO law (No. 2021-004) that eased requirements for registering non-governmental organizations, potentially helping advance human rights and anti-slavery organizations to be officially recognized. The government also adopted a new Human Trafficking Law (No. 2020/17), and amended the Law on Migrant Smuggling (No. 2010-021) that will support efforts to combat trafficking and addressing smuggling of migrants. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mauritania is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement a policy and a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. Although there were indications of progress, criminal law enforcement authorities did not make adequate efforts to combat slavery and its vestiges during the reporting period. The government prosecuted four defendants and convicted three traffickers in slavery-related cases in the Nouadhibou Anti-Slavery Court, but the government did not initiate any new investigations in 2020. In addition, since 2011, the government has required proof of marriage and biological parents’ citizenship for children to obtain a birth certificate. As a result, children born out of wedlock and many Haratine and Sub-Saharan ethnic minority children, including those of slave descent, have been prevented from being registered at birth. Because birth certificates are required for enrollment in secondary school in Mauritania, children as young as age 12 cannot access education, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Mauritania are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in indentured and hereditary slavery. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, particularly in herding cattle and goats. The government did not make sufficient efforts to enforce some laws related to the worst forms of child labor, including laws on hereditary slavery. In addition, a lack of financial resources and mitigation measures intended to limit the spread of COVID-19 severely limited the government's ability to fully implement policies, and social programs to combat the worst forms of child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. Moreover, the government did not publish comprehensive information about its labor law enforcement efforts. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Goats + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.683 + + + 7-14 + 0.158 + + + 0.729 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + + 33300 + 72 + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + No + N/A + N/A + 0 + 0 + Yes + N/A + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children, including in sectors in which child labor is known to occur. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the conditions in which such work may be undertaken. + + + Raise the compulsory education age to align with the minimum age for work. + + + Ensure that the new NGO law allows for newly registered civil society organizations to have the ability to immediately file criminal court cases on behalf of former slaves. + + + + + Increase training and resources for labor and criminal law enforcement agencies, including the Anti-Slavery Courts, to adequately enforce labor laws, especially in remote areas and in the informal sector. + + + Strengthen the labor inspection system by authorizing the labor inspectorate to assess penalties and initiate routine and targeted inspections, rather than performing inspections based solely on complaints received. + + + Ensure that penalties are high enough to deter the violation of child labor laws. + + + Ensure that routine inspections are conducted. + + + Ensure that there is close coordination and collaboration between all enforcement agencies in the Mauritanian Government. + + + Increase efforts to ensure that cases of the worst forms of child labor, including hereditary slavery and forced begging, are investigated and prosecuted in accordance with the law. + + + Ensure that judicial sector officials have the proper training and awareness of slavery issues, and that they do not improperly dismiss or fail to refer cases to the Anti-Slavery Courts. + + + Ensure that information on criminal law enforcement efforts and data are collected and published each year. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number and types of inspections conducted, the number of child labor law violations found, and the number of penalties assessed and collected. + + + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Labor participates in the National Child Protection Council. + + + + + Ensure that key policies related to child labor receive sufficient resources, including funds, for effective implementation. + + + + + Expand the scope of programs to address child labor, including in agriculture, herding, and domestic work, and the worst forms of child labor, including hereditary and indentured slavery. + + + Implement a continuous awareness-raising program for government officials on the laws related to slavery and the worst forms of child labor. + + + Conduct research and collect data on slavery to inform the development of effective policies and programs to identify and protect children who are at risk. + + + Increase funding for social programs that provide services to former slaves. + + + Ensure that all children are able to obtain birth certificates to increase their access to secondary education and reduce their vulnerability to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase funding dedicated to school infrastructure and teacher availability, especially in rural areas, to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including those from families of slave descent and refugees. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 + + + + + Mauritius + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mauritius + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Mauritius made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the National Assembly passed the long-awaited Children's Bill, which includes more robust provisions related to child prostitution and child pornography violations. Also passed was the Children's Court Bill, which sets out to ensure a child-friendly environment during court proceedings and establishes a Criminal Division with jurisdiction over sexual offences against children. In addition, the National Assembly voted to approve the Child Sex Offender Register Bill, which establishes the Child Sex Offender Register that will assist in monitoring, tracking, and investigating sexual offences against children. However, children in Mauritius are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities. Children also engage in child labor in construction and street work. Minimum age protections apply only to children with written or formal employment contracts, leaving self-employed children and children working outside of formal employment relationships vulnerable to exploitation. There are also many barriers to education access, especially for children with disabilities. In addition, gaps remain in the implementation of key policies and social programs related to child labor, including the worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.985 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 1685568 + 114 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 1406 + 1406 + 0 + 1 + 1 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 3 + 3 + 0 + 1 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law's minimum age provisions apply to all children, including those who are self-employed. + + + Ensure that all forms of forced labor are criminally prohibited. + + + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to assess penalties. + + + Ensure that labor inspections are conducted in all sectors in which children work, and assess penalties for child labor violations. + + + Allow labor inspectors to conduct unannounced inspections on private properties and throughout the informal sector. + + + Increase the amount of training, human resources, and funding for agencies responsible for enforcing criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that penalties for the worst forms of child labor, including sexual abuse or exploitation of a child, are commensurate with those for other serious crimes. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Ensure that coordination mechanismsto combat the worst forms of child laborshare information and policy-making decisions, improve coordination, and prevent overlap. + + + Ensure a coordinating body exists that comprehensively addresses child labor. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses the worst forms of child labor, including commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Adopt a comprehensive National Action Plan to combat human trafficking. + + + Annually publish activities undertaken to implement key policies designed to address child labor. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor in Mauritius to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that all children, including those with disabilities, have equal access to education. + + + Ensure that child victims of commercial sexual exploitation have access to comprehensive and quality social services and standards of care. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Eradication of Absolute Poverty Program during the reporting period. + + + Conduct research to further identify children's activities in farming to inform policies and programs. + + + Publish activities undertaken by the National Children's Council during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Evidence to Action: Increasing the Impact of Research to Mobilize Efforts against Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/evidence-action-increasing-impact-research-mobilize-efforts-against-forced-labor + + + + + Mexico + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mexico + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Significant Advancement + In 2020, Mexico made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government published the 2019 National Child Labor Survey, the results of which will be used to develop policies and programs to combat child labor. In addition, it ratified International Labor Organization Convention C. 189 on Domestic Workers, and revised the Migration Law and Refugee Assistance and Asylum Law to prioritize the rights of migrant and refugee children, including prohibiting the detention of children in migrant centers and ensuring migrant and refugee children have educational access. Moreover, state governments investigated and prosecuted at least 199 child trafficking cases. The government also approved the creation of a national network of Local Committees to Prevent and Eradicate Child Labor and Protect Adolescent Workers of the Permitted Age to improve coordination efforts to address the worst forms of child labor at the municipal and local levels. Further, it published the National Program on Human Rights 2020–2024 and the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare's National Program for 2020–2024. However, children in Mexico are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities, such as the production and trafficking of drugs. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture, including in the production of chile peppers, coffee, sugarcane, and tomatoes. The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted the Mexican economy, resulting in a significant increase in the number of children engaging in child labor. Although nearly 60 percent of all employment in Mexico occurs in the informal sector, federal and some state-level labor inspectors carry out inspections in the informal sector only after receiving formal complaints. In addition, labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lacked human and financial resources to adequately enforce labor and criminal laws, and the government did not publish complete information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Social programs to combat child labor do not address all relevant sectors in which child labor is found in Mexico. + + + Beans (green beans) + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Chile Peppers + Yes + Yes + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Cucumbers + Yes + No + No + + + Eggplants + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + No + No + + + Leather Goods + Yes + No + No + + + Melons + Yes + No + No + + + Onions + Yes + No + No + + + Poppies + Yes + No + No + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Tomatoes + Yes + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + 0.303 + 0.161 + 0.536 + + + 5-14 + 0.975 + + + 7-14 + 0.044 + + + 1.023 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 1420784 + 447 + Yes + Yes + N/A + No + 29177 + 29177 + 1 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + 601 + Unavailable + Unavailable + 43 + Yes + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors in accordance with the ILO’s technical advice to provide adequate coverage of the workforce. + + + Conduct refresher trainings and train federal and state-level labor inspectors on the Labor Inspection Protocol to Eradicate Child Labor and Protect Adolescent Workers and ensure its guidelines related to identifying and sanctioning child labor violations are followed. + + + Ensure that the Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare at the federal and state levels conduct targeted routine and unannounced labor inspections in all sectors, including in the informal sector and in rural areas. + + + Improve coordination and information sharing between federal and state-level labor inspectorates. + + + Publish information at the federal and state level on the number of child labor violations found, the number of child labor penalties imposed and collected, and the number of unannounced inspections conducted. + + + Establish a case tracking system to ensure that violations of child labor laws are recorded and victims of child labor are referred to the appropriate services. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies receive sufficient funding to conduct investigations and prosecutions related to the worst forms of child labor and provide services to victims. + + + Increase coordination among government ministries to ensure adequate criminal prosecutions of perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase training for enforcement officials, prosecutors, and judges to ensure adequate criminal law enforcement related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish information at the federal and state level on the number of investigations and prosecutions initiated and convictions secured, and disaggregate the number of prosecutions initiated and number of convictions secured by the number of cases involving children. + + + + + Ensure that coordination mechanisms to combat child labor meet regularly and are adequately funded. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all worst forms of child labor such as child trafficking, and the use of children in commercial sexual exploitation and in illicit activities. + + + + + Expand access to education by increasing school infrastructure, providing education materials and instruction in native languages, and ensuring that all children are able to attend school, including those in migrant or indigenous communities. + + + Ensure that unaccompanied migrant children are placed in child protection centers instead of detention centers and receive access to education. + + + Remove children from organized criminal groups and ensure that they are provided with adequate social services. + + + Ensure that government agencies addressing migrant and refugee populations effectively coordinate and are adequately funded to carry out their mandates. + + + Ensure that the Benito Juárez Wellbeing Scholarship Program provides sufficient assistance to vulnerable students and receives regular monitoring and evaluation to ensure effective implementation. + + + Implement or expand social protection programs throughout the country for victims of child labor in all relevant sectors, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Cooperation On Fair, Free, Equitable Employment (COFFEE) Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/cooperation-fair-free-equitable-employment-coffee-project + + + Improving Workers' Occupational Safety and Health in Selected Supply Chains in Mexico - A Vision Zero Fund + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/improving-workers-occupational-safety-and-health-selected-supply-chains-mexico-vision + + + Equal Accesss to Quality Jobs for Women and Girls (EQUAL) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/equal-equal-access-quality-jobs-women-and-girls-mexico + + + Senderos: Sembrando Derechos, Cosechando Mejores Futuros + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/senderos-sembrando-derechos-cosechando-mejores-futuros + + + Campos de Esperanza (Fields of Hope) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/campos-de-esperanza-fields-hope + + + "Stop Child Labor in Agriculture:" Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Mexico in the Agricultural Sector, with Special Focus on Migrant Indigenous Children + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/stop-child-labor-agriculture-contribution-prevention-and-elimination-child-labor + + + Support for the Prevention and Elimination of the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) and the Protection of CSEC Victims in Mexico + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mexico_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Moldova + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/moldova + Europe and Eurasia + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law and Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Moldova made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In January 2021, Parliament adopted Law No. 191, which reversed changes that had delegated responsibility for occupational safety and health inspections to 10 smaller agencies and returned it to the State Labor Inspectorate. The government also enacted legislation aimed at preventing exploitation of children separated from their parents, usually due to labor migration. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Moldova is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a regression in law and practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In August 2018, the government amended Law No. 131 through Law No. 179, such that unannounced inspections, even those based on a complaint or at the request of law enforcement or other state bodies, are permitted only on the basis of a risk assessment that indicates an immediate threat to the environment, life, health, or property. This stringent measure continues to severely limit the State Labor Inspectorate's ability to conduct unannounced inspections. In addition, inspections are only permitted after the State Labor Inspectorate first requests and receives insufficient documentation from the business being inspected or after conducting a risk assessment that finds reasonable indicators of a possible violation. When responding to a complaint, inspectors are not authorized to take action for labor violations they may see which fall outside the scope of the complaint. Children in Moldova are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture. Training is needed for new criminal investigators, and entities responsible for conducting occupational safety and health inspections, including of hazardous child labor, lack adequate capacity to do so. In addition, there is a lack of social programs to address child trafficking and child labor in agriculture. + + + + 5-14 + 0.243 + 102105 + 0.973 + 0.006 + 0.022 + + + 5-14 + 0.921 + + + 7-14 + 0.29 + + + 0.88 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 795613 + 78 + No + Yes + No + Yes + 2153 + 1330 + 19 + 2 + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + 16 + 32 + 21 + 1 + Yes + No + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Ensure that entities responsible for conducting occupational safety and health inspections have the training and capacity to carry out these inspections in all sectors in which child labor is known to occur so that child labor violations are accurately detected. + + + Strengthen the labor inspection system by eliminating barriers for onsite inspections and conducting unannounced inspections. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are empowered to identify and assess penalties for child labor violations detected during inspections, even if the inspection was not conducted in response to a child labor complaint. + + + Clearly define the responsibilities of the Child Labor Monitoring Unit and ensure that it is fullyempowered to coordinate the State Labor Inspectorate’s efforts to detect and respond to child laborviolations. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors and funding for the State Labor Inspectorate to ensure that it provides inspectors with the financial resources necessary to inspect for child labor. + + + Reduce procedural requirements for filing child labor complaints and permit such complaints to be made anonymously. + + + Publish information on the number of child labor violations detected during occupational safety and health inspections conducted by sectoral regulating agencies. + + + Ensure that investigators, including police officers and Committee for Combating Trafficking in Persons investigators, receive training on laws and investigative techniques related to the worst forms of child labor, especially for online child pornography and children left behind without parental care. + + + Pursue prosecution of the worst forms of child labor under the appropriate statutes and maintain protection for victims who commit crimes as a result of their exploitation. + + + + + Ensure that the National Council for the Protection of Child Rights meets and carries out its mandate. + + + + + Publish information about activities undertaken to implement policies related to child labor, including the Child Protection Strategy, the Action Plan for Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, the Moldova Strategy Country Note Program Priorities, and the Action Plan to Support the Roma People. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including for the separatist region of Transnistria. + + + Provide adequate resources for schools in rural and poorer communities, as well as those serving children with disabilities. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education by removing informal fees for school supplies. + + + Institute targeted support programs that eliminate discrimination and violence against Roma children and promote equal access to education. + + + Ensure sufficient support for child trafficking victims and children working in agriculture. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe (Phase II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking of Women in Moldova + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Moldova_Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Mongolia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mongolia + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Mongolia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched the Child Protection Compact Partnership, signed between the Governments of Mongolia and the United States, to combat child labor in the country. The General Agency for Specialized Inspection also conducted three large-scale child labor and protection issue surveys. Furthermore, the government's stimulus package included a five-fold increase for the Children's Money Program—which offsets costs related to food, schooling, and clothing—to mitigate the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Mongolia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued a regression in law that delayed advancement to eliminate child labor. During the reporting period, the government did not permit the labor inspectorate to conduct unannounced inspections, which may have impeded the enforcement of child labor laws. Children in Mongolia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in mining and horse jockeying. Some Mongolian legal statutes do not meet international standards, including that the minimum age for work does not apply to children in the informal sector or to those who are self-employed. In addition, laws do not establish criminal penalties for forced labor or slavery, the use of children in prostitution, or the use, procurement, or offering of a child for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Coal + Yes + No + No + + + Fluorspar (mineral) + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.948 + + + 7-14 + 0.126 + + + 1.075 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 709330 + 83 + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + 1566 + 1566 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Unavailable + 41 + Unavailable + 12 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the revised Labor Law draft is signed into law, allowing the General Agency for Specialized Investigation to execute unannounced inspections. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to children in the informal sector and children who are self-employed. + + + Ensure that all forms of forced labor are criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that laws clearly and comprehensively criminalize using children under age 18 for prostitution, and criminalize using, procuring, or offering all children under age 18 for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the using, procuring, or offering of children under age 18 in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that laws adequately prohibit children under age 18from horse racing at all times of the year. + + + + + Strengthen the inspection system by permitting the General Agency for Specialized Inspections toconduct unannounced inspections, including in the informal sector, and empower the Criminal Police Department to close venues found to be complicit in the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase funding and resources for labor inspectors to conduct inspections. + + + Conduct regular labor inspections and ensure that inspectors or other appropriate authorities are able to assess penalties—and extend liability beyond race organizers—for legal violations related to horse racing, including the participation of children in racing and race training during prohibited months. + + + Provide sufficient training opportunities for labor inspectors and criminal law enforcement officials, including training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Provide adequate funding for law enforcement agencies and ensure that procedural checklists used to identify human trafficking victims are used consistently. + + + Provide trainings for police officers and government officials on criminal laws related to the worst forms of child labor to ensure that cases of commercial sexual exploitation—especially those involving boy victims—are prosecuted fully and under the appropriate articles of law, and close legal loopholes that permit the early release of convicted traffickers. + + + Cease fining, arresting, detaining, or charging child trafficking victims with crimes and administrative offenses as a result of having been subjected to human trafficking. + + + Allow anti-trafficking police and prosecutors to work with each other, and ensure that evidence related to human trafficking cases is collected to support investigations. + + + Address malfeasancein all law enforcement agenciesand investigate, prosecute, and convict government officials complicit in the worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish disaggregatedcriminal law enforcement data, including training for new and existingcriminal law investigators,the number of violations,the number of convictions, and the number of imposed penalties for violations. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Publish activities undertaken during the reporting period to implement the National Program on Child Development and Protection, the National Program on Combating Trafficking in Persons, and the Three-Pillar Development Policy. + + + + + Increase the number of schools to help eliminate overcrowding, increase the number of trained teachers, ensure that appropriate technology is available to all students, and provide an infrastructure to allow full accessibility options for children with disabilities. + + + Ensure that the School Lunch Program is implemented once schools reopen for in-person learning. + + + Increase the availability of long-term stay shelter homes. + + + Ensure that all government-run, government-funded shelter homes are accessible to children with disabilities. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Support to the Proposed National Sub-Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Mongolia: Time-Bound Measures + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mongolia_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Program for the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in Mongolia, Phases 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/national-program-prevention-and-elimination-child-labor-mongolia-phases-1-2 + + + + + Montenegro + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/montenegro + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Montenegro made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government began enforcing the new Labor Law, which provides specific provisions for the conditions allowing a minor to work, and substantially increased the Labor Inspectorate's budget. In addition, the government opened a new shelter for victims of human trafficking and provided services to nine children, including seven children who were previously in forced begging situations. However, children in Montenegro are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. In addition, research found that the scope of programs to address child labor in street work and forced begging is insufficient. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.916 + + + 7-14 + 0.199 + + + 0.945 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 887498 + 42 + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + 8747 + 8747 + 7 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement entities impose appropriate penalties for child labor violations. + + + Consistently track and publish information about children involved in the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase the number of prosecutions and convictions of perpetrators involved in commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are provided with refresher courses. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into national policies for all children, including in the Strategy for Prevention and Protection of Children from Violence. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Build the capacity of schools and other services and programs to accommodate and provide support for children with disabilities. + + + Increase funding for human trafficking shelters, including for individuals with disabilities who are victims of human trafficking. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, especially in street work and forced begging. + + + Make additional efforts to register children from the Ashkali, Balkan Egyptian, and Roma communities. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key social programs to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + + + Montserrat + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/montserrat + Europe and Eurasia + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Montserrat, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not determined by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. In addition, the law does not prohibit the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups or the use of children in illicit activities. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + No + No + No + No + No + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A + + No + N/A + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ratify international conventions on child labor. + + + Ensure that the law specifies the types of light work acceptable for children as young as 14 as well as permitted working conditions and hours. + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. + + + Establish laws to prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate can assess penalties for child labor and that unannounced inspections are permitted. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + + NA + NA + NA + + + + Morocco + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/morocco + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Morocco made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted programs to pilot a child protection network and assess the feasibility of 10 additional child welfare centers. In addition, the Ministry of Labor and Vocational Integration launched a new roadmap for fighting child labor that seeks to: improve the Domestic Work Law 19.12 and make benefits available from the National Social Security Fund to child domestic workers; improve labor inspection at the 54 designated centers across the country by hiring specialists to enhance the oversight of inspections and the methodology behind interventions; strengthen partnerships with civil society organizations; and increase international cooperation on child labor. Morocco also became a Pathfinder country under Alliance 8.7, which calls for the eradication of child labor by 2025, and forced labor, modern slavery, and human trafficking by 2030. However, children in Morocco are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in producing artisanal handicrafts. Laws related to the minimum age for work and the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. In addition, research could not determine whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. Furthermore, the scope of government programs that target child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. + + + + 10-14 + 0.045 + 150178 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 6-14 + 0.829 + + + 10-14 + 0.007 + + + 0.971 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 19 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 282 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 19302 + 19302 + 56 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + 22 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that all children age 15 and under are protected by law, including children who are self-employed, work for artisan and handicraft businesses with fewer than five employees, or work on private farms or in residences. + + + Implement regulations related to the Law on Setting Up Employment Conditions of Domestic Workers and ensure that inspectors are allowed to inspect all sectors in which children work. + + + Prohibit by law all types of hazardous work that may harm children's health, safety, and morals, including domestic work. + + + Ensure that laws prohibit all children age 15 and under from being used, procured, or offered for the production and trafficking of illicit drugs. + + + Ensure that the law provides criminal penalties for forced labor. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution. + + + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors responsible for enforcing laws related to child labor to meet the ILO's technical advice and ensure that they have sufficient resources. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the amount of labor inspectorate funding, penalties imposed, and penalties collected. + + + Reduce administrative burdens and streamline child labor enforcement procedures among government agencies. + + + Increase penalties for employers who use children in hazardous work to be an effective deterrent. + + + Publish information on criminal enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations, violations found, and number of convictions. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure programs address barriers to education such as safety in schools, transportation, the cost of school supplies, and lack of documentation. + + + Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem, including in forced domestic work. + + + Collect and publish information, including microdata from the 2017 survey, on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including in agriculture, industry, and services. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Project Pathways: Reducing Child Labor Through Viable Paths in Education and Decent Work (Promise Pathways) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-pathways-reducing-child-labor-through-viable-paths-education-and-decent-work + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Morocco (DIMA-ADROS) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_DIMAADROS_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Morocco by Creating an Enabling National Environment and Developing Direct Action against Worst Forms of Child Labor in Rural Areas + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_IPEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + ADROS: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Morocco + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Morocco_ADROS_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Mozambique + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/mozambique + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Mozambique made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a new 2020–2024 Five Year Plan, which emphasizes eliminating child labor, and published the number of labor inspectors for the first time since 2017. The government also enacted a new Penal Code, which includes prohibitions on human trafficking, child prostitution, and the use of children in pornography. In addition, Provincial and District National Reference Groups were trained on human trafficking laws, the identification and protection of victims, prevention of unsafe child migration and on how to report cases of human trafficking. However, children in Mozambique are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in the production of tobacco. In addition, the established minimum age for work is not in compliance with international labor standards because it does not extend to informal employment. Lastly, existing programs are insufficient to fully address the extent of the child labor problem in Mozambique. + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.225 + 1526560 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.695 + + + 7-14 + 0.224 + + + 0.547 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 117 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 6126 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that all children are protected under the law, including children working outside of formal employment relationships. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for light work is in compliance with international labor standards. + + + + + Publish all data on labor law enforcement efforts, including the labor inspectorate’s funding, number and type of labor inspections conducted, child labor violations found, and number of child labor penalties imposed and collected. + + + Allocate sufficient resources for law enforcement agencies, including by increasing the number of labor inspectors to provide adequate coverage of the workforce, as per ILO technical advice. + + + Provide labor inspectors with adequate training and financial resources and fuel and vehicles to ensure their capacity to enforce child labor laws. + + + Disaggregate labor law enforcement data to publish clear data about child labor in all its forms. + + + Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, such as the number of investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured, and whether penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor were imposed. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that the government publishes yearly data on child labor and the worst forms of child labor. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan to Combat the Worst Forms of Child Labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Take measures to ensure that all children have access to education by providing supplies, uniforms, and an adequate number of schools, classroom space, and trained teachers. Address barriers for children from rural areas. Take preventative steps to protect children from physical and sexual abuse in schools. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Basic Social Subsidy Program and Programs for Street Children during the reporting period. + + + Publish the results of the child labor study and use the findings to inform policies and programs. + + + Institute programs to address child labor in domestic work, and expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Reducing Exploitive Child Labor in Mozambique (RECLAIM) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Mozambique_RECLAIM_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Namibia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/namibia + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Namibia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Namibia ratified International Labor Organization Convention 189, the Domestic Workers Convention, which reaffirms the government's commitment to eliminate child labor in domestic work. The government also expanded its school feeding program to provide take-home food rations for vulnerable households during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, criminal law enforcement officials participated in training on the implementation of the Child Care and Protection Act to strengthen responses to child victims of the worst forms of child labor and other forms of exploitation. However, children in Namibia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in domestic work and street work. Prevention and elimination of child labor are not integrated into key national policies. In addition, social programs do not address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.941 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 ‡ + No + Yes + + + + 2439225 + 52 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 1932 + 1932 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + No + 4 + 17 + 1 + 1 + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice to ensure adequateenforcement of labor laws, including in remote areas. + + + Ensure that training is provided to criminal law enforcement investigators on laws related to child labor, including training for new investigators and refresher trainings. + + + Publish information on the number of child labor complaints that are reported through theNamibian Police Force hotline. + + + Ensure that all Gender-Based Violence Protection Units have adequate resources to operate according to their intended mandates. + + + Establish a mechanism to compile and publish comprehensive statistics related to labor and criminal law enforcement, including convictions for crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Reactivate joint child labor inspection teams to strengthen coordination between ministries that respond to cases of child labor. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into key national policies, including the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare and the National Action Plan on Gender-Based Violence. + + + + + Conduct research on the prevalence of child labor to inform the development of policies and social programs. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by expanding social support to orphaned children and taking measures to reduce long travel distances to schools. + + + Institute programs or expand existing programs to address child labor in agriculture and domestic work. + + + Ensure that there are adequate shelters, including in areas outside Windhoek, to meet the needs of vulnerable children. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and + + + Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (TECL), Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa (TECL II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf + + + + + Nepal + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nepal + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Nepal made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government acceded to the Palermo Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. It also published the Report on Employment Relationship Survey in the Brick Industry in Nepal, which provides information on the prevalence of child labor, forced labor, and bonded labor in the brick production sector. In addition, the government drafted an action plan for the elimination of child labor to facilitate the implementation of the Second National Master Plan on the Elimination of Child Labor, which aims to abolish all forms of child labor by 2025 and the worst forms of child labor by 2022. However, children in Nepal are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in the production of bricks. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it does not meet international standards for legal prohibitions against child trafficking and legal prohibitions against the use of children for illicit activities. In addition, the Department of Labor’s budget, the number of labor inspectors, and available resources and training are insufficient for enforcing labor laws, including those related to child labor. + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Carpets + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Embellished Textiles + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Stones + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.917 + + + 7-14 + 0.391 + + + 1.204 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + No + 17 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + + 3400 + 10 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 1421 + 1421 + 15 + 15 + 15 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that laws are in line with ILO C. 182 by raising the minimum age to 18 for entry into hazardous work. + + + Ensure that the types of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectorsin whichthere is evidence of child labor, including brickmaking. + + + Ensure that the legal framework comprehensively and criminally prohibits the trafficking of children without needing proof of the use of force, fraud, or coercion. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits theuse of children in illicit activities, including the production of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally penalizes the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Increase penalties to ensure sufficient deterrence of child labor law violations. + + + Ensure that legal provisions against child labor are implemented and enforced against perpetrators. + + + Ensure that the Department of Labor’s budget is sufficient to adequately enforce child labor laws. + + + Improve human resource capacity, including increasing the number of child labor inspections, especially in the informal sector. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate, particularly at the local levels,by initiating routine targeted inspections in all sectors rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Institutionalize trainings for labor inspectors on laws related to child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Publishdata on criminal law enforcement actions, including whether new criminal investigators received initial training, refresher courses for investigators,and the number of investigations, violations, prosecutions, convictions, and penalties imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Provide additional resources to criminal law enforcement agencies so they are able to enforce laws prohibiting crimes related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Provide sufficient resources to create a centralized databaseto track and monitor cases of the worst forms of child labor, disaggregated by type of activity. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Update the National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Childrento better address forced labor andalign it with anti-trafficking programming. + + + + + Collect and publish data on child labor and its worst forms, particularly regarding hazardous work. + + + Conduct research to determine the types of activities carried out by children, including in the construction sector, to inform social policies and programs. + + + Eliminate barriers to education, including the lack of sanitation facilities at schools, long distances to schools, fees associated with schooling, pressure to find employment, migration to work outside of Nepal, and issues with drugs and alcohol. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children with disabilities andrefugee children. + + + Create social programs that support child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and children working in the brick industry. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 + + + Sakriya + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/sakriya + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-3 + + + Nayo Bato Naya Paila (New Path New Steps) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/nayo-bato-naya-paila-new-path-new-steps + + + Sustainable Elimination of Child Bonded Labor in Nepal - Phase 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BondedLabor_PhII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Brighter Futures Program: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Nepal, Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BrighterFutures_PhII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Brighter Futures Program: Combating Child Labor Through Education in Nepal, Phase I + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BrighterFutures_PhI_feval_sum_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Nepal- the IPEC Core TBP Project + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Sustainable Elimination of Bonded Labor in Nepal + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_BondedLabor_PhI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Setting National Strategies for the Elimination of Girls' Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children Nepal + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nepal_Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Nicaragua + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nicaragua + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Nicaragua made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government established the program Women for Life, Peace, and Wellbeing Plan, with the aim of providing critical attention to victims of domestic violence and sexual violence, as well as trafficking in persons. However, children in Nicaragua are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Laws do not establish a clear compulsory education age, and national policies to eliminate child labor and protect children have not been fully implemented. The government also lacks a specific and consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor. + + + Bananas + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Gravel (crushed stones) + Yes + No + No + + + Shellfish + Yes + No + No + + + Stones (pumice) + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 10-14 + 0.477 + 342076 + 0.535 + 0.087 + 0.378 + + + 10-14 + 0.883 + + + 10-14 + 0.403 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12‡ + No + No + + + + 1380000 + 97 + Yes + N/A + N/A + Yes + 15182 + Unavailable + 4 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 7 + 7 + 7 + 9 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the law is consistent and provides a compulsory education age that is not less than the minimum age for work. + + + + + Ensure that adequate training and refresher courses are provided for labor law inspectors and criminal investigators. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Publish complete labor law enforcement data, including information about worksite inspections, unannounced inspections, number of child labor violations, and penalties imposed for violations. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Labor has sufficient funding to enforce labor laws adequately, including those related to child labor, and that resource needs are met. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement efforts are sufficient to address the scope of the problem and that agencies have the funding and resources necessary to carry out duties. + + + Establish an adequate mechanism for identifying human trafficking victims, particularly children, among high-risk populations. + + + + + Ensure that the National Social Welfare System is active, fully funded, and carries out its mandated activities. + + + Ensure that the government has a specific and consistent mechanism to coordinate efforts to address child labor, including with NGOs, and to publicly report on these efforts. + + + Ensure that the National Coalition Against Trafficking of Persons works with relevant local stakeholders to address human trafficking issues, and ensure that it establishes its Executive Secretariat, as mandated by the Law Against Trafficking in Persons. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Collect and publish updated data on the prevalence of child labor in the country. + + + Expand birth registration programs to ensure that children have access to basic services. + + + Remove barriers to education, such as transportation and the cost associated with school supplies, for all children, particularly those from poor backgrounds and rural areas; develop strategies and devote resources to improve attendance of children in secondary school. + + + Implement social programs that address the full scope of the worst forms of child labor in the country, including commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Develop social services for human trafficking victims, such as shelters and specialized services, and ensure that services are available throughout the country, especially in areas where children are most vulnerable. + + + Ensure that social programs are adequately funded and implemented, and that they report on their yearly efforts. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Central America and the Dominican Republic, "Primero Aprendo" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Primero_Aprendo_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Coffee Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Coffee_CLOSED.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in Central America and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Education in Nicaragua, "Enterate" + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nicaragua_ENTERATE_0.pdf + + + Elimination of Child Labor at la Chureca Garbage Dump Yard in Managua + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/elimination-child-labor-la-chureca-garbage-dump-yard-managua + + + Combating Child Labor in the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor in the Farming and Stockbreeding Sectors in Nicaragua + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nicaragua_Grains_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Niger + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/niger + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Niger made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government hired additional labor inspectors and carried out several capacity training workshops. However, children in Niger were subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in hereditary slavery and mining, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks herding cattle. The minimum age for work does not meet international standards because it does not apply to children in unpaid or non-contractual work. In addition, the particular type of slavery known as wahaya, while illegal, continues to exist. Gaps in labor law enforcement also remain, including insufficient funding for labor inspectors to conduct inspections. Also, social programs to combat child labor are insufficient to adequately address the extent of the problem. + + + Cattle + No + Yes + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Gypsum (mineral) + Yes + No + No + + + Salt + Yes + No + No + + + Trona (mineral) + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.429 + 2516191 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + 0.48 + + + 7-14 + 0.221 + + + 0.623 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 14 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unavailable + 57 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the law’s minimum age for work provisions and protections apply to self-employed children and those in unpaid or non-contractual work. + + + Establish a compulsory education age equal to the minimum age of employment. + + + + + Ensure that inspections and enforcement efforts take place in the informal sector, and in remote locations, where most child labor occurs. + + + Publish complete information on the number of worksite inspections conducted, violations found, penalties imposed and collected, investigations, prosecutions, and convictions related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Collect and publish complete information and data about child labor and the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase the resources, including funding and training, and number of labor inspectors and criminal investigators dedicated to enforcing child labor laws to provide adequate coverage of the workforce and meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Disaggregate complaints made to the National Agency to Fight Against Trafficking in Persons and Illegal Migrant Transport's hotline so that the number of complaints related to children is known. + + + Ensure victims of the worst forms of child labor are removed from exploitative situations as appropriate. + + + Publish complete information on the number of criminal investigations conducted, violations found, penalties imposed, or penalties collected related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that the Nigerien Supreme Court's ruling banning the practice of wahaya is enforced. + + + Ensure that victims of slavery have access to reintegration services. + + + + + Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Plan for Social and Economic Development, the National Social Protection Strategy, the UN Development Assistance Framework, and the Education and Training Sectorial Program during the reporting period. + + + Adopt and implement a national action plan to combat child labor, including in hereditary slavery, mining, and agriculture. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including girls, refugees, internally displaced children, and children in rural communities, by increasing school infrastructure, increasing the number of teachers, and by providing more school supplies. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement X Program(s) during the reporting period. + + + Expand the scope of programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, herding, mining, and caste-based servitude. + + + Implement a program to target and assist children exploited by religious instructors. + + + Ensure that government social services providers have sufficient resources and facilities to provide the necessary care to all children withdrawn from hazardous and forced labor. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + West Africa Regional Mining + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_Mining_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Niger + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Niger_CECL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Nigeria + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/nigeria + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Nigeria made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Nigerian Government continued to support the National Action Plan for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism which helps end use and recruitment of child soldiers by identifying and formally separating children from armed groups, including 209 boys and 6 girls in 2020. In addition, the Nigerian Government hired over 400 new labor inspectors and enacted the National Social Behavioral Change Communication Strategy for Elimination of Child Labor in Nigeria (2020–2023). However, children in Nigeria are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying granite, artisanal mining, commercial sexual exploitation, and use in armed conflict, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The Child's Right Act has been adopted by only 25 out of Nigeria's 36 states, leaving the remaining 11 states in northern Nigeria with legal statutes that do not meet international standards for the prohibition of child trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, and illicit activities. In addition, the minimum age for work in the Labour Act does not apply to children who are self-employed or working in the informal economy. + + + Cocoa + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Granite + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Gravel (crushed stones) + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Manioc/Cassava + Yes + No + No + + + Sand + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.766 + + + 7-14 + 0.399 + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 75358 + 1888 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 9877 + 9719 + 3422 + 88 + 75 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 381 + 3422 + 40 + 24 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory, and ensure that national legislation on the minimum age for work is consistent so that all children are protected, including those in the informal sector. + + + Ensure that the types of work determined to be hazardous for children are prohibited by law or regulation for all children under age 18. + + + Ensure that laws in all states criminalize both domestic and international trafficking or trafficking for the purpose of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Criminalize theoffering of a child for prostitution in all states. + + + Ensure that using, procuring, and offering a child for the production and trafficking of drugs are criminally prohibited in all states. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that provisions related to light work conform to international standards. + + + Amend the Terrorism Prevention Act to prohibit the punishment of children for their association with armed groups. + + + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors receive sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws. + + + Ensure that a mechanism exists for enforcing existing protections for children working in the informal sector. + + + Sign and implement a protocol to ensure the swift transfer of children affected by armed conflict from the custody of security actors to civilian child protection authorities for reintegration. + + + Ensure that there are penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. + + + Cease the practice of detaining children associated with armed groups for prolonged periods and refer these children to social services providers. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are active and able to carry out their mandates as intended. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children and forced child labor in granite, gravel, and cocoa production. + + + + + Ensure that all states adopt programs to offer free education, and expand existing programs that provide funds to vulnerable children, especially girls, to cover school fees and the cost of materials. + + + Make additional efforts to provide all children with birth documentation. + + + Ensure that there is an adequate number of trained teachers and provide sufficient educational infrastructure for children, particularly girls, to access schools. + + + Conduct research to gather comprehensive data on child labor, including activities carried out by children working in fishing, to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons and related agencies provide appropriate facilities and resources to victims, and that victims are not held against their will in shelters. + + + Establish programs that prevent and remove children from all relevant worst forms of child labor, including armed conflict, commercial sexual exploitation, and illicit activities. + + + Ensure that all social programs are active and pursuing their mandates. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa and Strengthening Sub-regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS II + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-and-strengthening-sub-regional + + + West Africa Cocoa/Commercial Agriculture Program to Combat Hazardous and Exploitive Child Labor (WACAP) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_WACAP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in West Africa by Strengthening Sub-Regional Cooperation Through ECOWAS + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-west-africa-strengthening-sub-regional + + + Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Nigeria + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Nigeria_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Niue + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/niue + Indo-Pacific + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Niue, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The law does not criminally prohibit the use, procuring, or offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, or pornographic performances, or the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. In addition, Niue has not established a minimum age for work and lacks a law that prohibits hazardous occupations and activities for children. + + + + 1.115 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + No + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Establish a minimum age for work of at least age 15 that equals the compulsory age of education. + + + Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 in consultation with employer's and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit forced labor, including debt bondage, the sale and trafficking of children, and slavery. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the trafficking of children domestically and internationally for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and do not require the use of force, fraud, or coercion to be established for the crime of human trafficking. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Ratify ILO C.182. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure the National Coordinating Committee is able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy during the reporting period. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + NA + Yes + Yes + + + + Norfolk Island + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/norfolk-island + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists on Norfolk Island, in 2020, the government made moderate advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The Government of Australia adopted a new National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking and Slavery 2020–2025. The federal government also published a Modern Slavery Statement that discussed efforts to reduce child labor and human trafficking risks in federal government operations and procurement supply chains. However, Norfolk Island's laws do not set a minimum age for light work, which is not in compliance with international standards. In addition, the law does not specify activities in which light work may be permitted. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Establish a minimum age for light work to comply with international standards. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be undertaken. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + NA + Yes + Yes + + + + North Korea + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/north-korea + + + Bricks + No + Yes + No + + + Cement + No + Yes + No + + + Coal + No + Yes + No + + + Gold + No + Yes + No + + + Iron + No + Yes + No + + + Textiles + No + Yes + No + + + Timber + No + Yes + No + + + + + North Macedonia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/north-macedonia + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, North Macedonia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Education and Science continued to hire additional educational mediators with the goal of removing barriers to education for the most vulnerable populations, including Roma children. Parliament also amended the Law on Labor Relations to increase fines on employers that fail to provide adequate protections to workers under age 18. In addition, the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy developed Action Plan 2020–2022 in accordance with the National Strategy to Protect Children from All Forms of Abuse. However, children in North Macedonia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. The law’s minimum age protections do not apply to children who are self-employed or working outside formal employment relationships. Additionally, the government has not adopted a policy to address all worst forms of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.976 + + + 7-14 + 0.206 + + + 0.934 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 2300000 + 114 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 15944 + 15944 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + 37 + 37 + 29 + 25 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that labor law protections apply to all children, including self-employed children and children working outside formal employment relationships. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Ensure that the law provides criminal penalties for the use, procuring, and offering of children for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + + + Ensure that the Labor Inspectorate receives sufficient funding to train new inspectors. + + + Provide labor inspectors with an electronic system to record and share data on inspections with the entity receiving the citation, and publish the information. + + + Provide sufficient funding for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Task Force to carry out its duties to combat human trafficking. + + + Ensure that law enforcement agencies proactively identify child trafficking victims. + + + + + Build the capacity and resources of local commissions to adequately combat human trafficking. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as a national action plan on child labor. + + + + + Conduct research to determine the activities carried out by children engaged in child labor, including those in farming. + + + Increase funding dedicated to combating child labor, and ensure that child beggars receive the support needed to be removed from the streets permanently. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Oman + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/oman + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Oman made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In December 2020, the Royal Oman Police stood up a dedicated counter-trafficking in persons unit for responding directly to reports of human trafficking and implementing anti-trafficking best practices within the Royal Oman Police. In August 2020, the Ministry of Labor created its own dedicated counter-trafficking in persons unit under its Inspection Department. In addition, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs established a specialized trafficking in persons office in March 2020. Although research is limited, there is evidence that small numbers of children in Oman engage in child labor, including in fishing and selling items in kiosks. Government policies do not address all forms of child labor and the Ministry of Labor is not represented on the National Committee on Implementing the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child or the National Child Protection Committee. In addition, labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.009 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 303 + No + Yes + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Unavailable + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + N/A + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Collect and publish data on labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, training, and number of labor inspections conducted. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Ensure that refresher courses are provided for criminal investigators. + + + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Labor participates in the National Child Protection Committee and the National Committee on Implementing the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. + + + + + Develop a national policy to address all forms of child labor that occur within Oman, including in farming and fishing. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that all children have equal access to education, including children with disabilities. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/pakistan + Indo-Pacific + Yes + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Pakistan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In February, the government formally constituted and appointed members to the National Commission on the Rights of the Child, which includes two representatives who are children. Additionally, in response to the fatal beating of an 8-year-old domestic worker by her employer, the Islamabad Capital Territory cabinet banned child domestic labor under age 14 in the capital territory. The Pakistani government also added domestic labor to the list of occupations defined as hazardous work prohibited for children under the Employment of Children Act 1991. Children in Pakistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in forced labor in brick kilns and agriculture. The federal government and Balochistan Province have not established a minimum age for work or hazardous work in compliance with international standards. In addition, provincial labor inspectorates do not receive sufficient resources to adequately enforce laws prohibiting child labor, and the federal and provincial governments did not publicly release information on their labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Further, police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes from suspected perpetrators to ignore child labor crimes and lack of willingness to conduct criminal investigations, hindered Pakistan's ability to address the problem throughout the country. + + + Bricks + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Carpets + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Coal + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Cotton + No + Yes + No + + + Glass Bangles + Yes + No + No + + + Leather + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + No + Yes + No + + + Surgical Instruments + Yes + No + No + + + Wheat + No + Yes + No + + + + + 10-14 + 0.098 + 2261704 + 0.694 + 0.109 + 0.197 + 5-14 + 0.124 + + 5-14 + 0.215 + + + + 10-14 + 0.78 + 5-14 + 0.606 + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 10-14 + 0.008 + 7-14 + 0.082 + 7-14 + 0.116 + + + 0.733 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + + Federal + Federal + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Federal + Federal + No + 14† + No + No + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + 14‡ + No + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + No + 14 + No + No + + + Sindh + Sindh + No + 14 + No + No + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + No + + No + No + + + + + Federal + Federal + No + 14 + No + No + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + No + 14 + No + No + + + + + Federal + Federal + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Federal + Federal + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Federal + Federal + No + + No + No + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + No + + No + No + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + No + + No + No + + + Punjab + Punjab + No + + No + No + + + Sindh + Sindh + No + + No + No + + + + + Federal + Federal + No + + No + No + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + No + + No + No + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + No + + No + No + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Federal + Federal + No + + No + No + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + No + + No + No + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + No + + No + No + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Federal + Federal + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + + Federal + Federal + No + + No + No + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + No + + No + No + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + No + + No + No + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Federal + Federal + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + Sindh + Sindh + 120 + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Punjab + Punjab + 102 + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + 59 + + + + + Punjab + Punjab + No + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + No + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + No + + + Sindh + Sindh + No + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + + + Federal + Federal + Yes + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Yes + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Yes + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + + + + + Federal + Federal + N/A + + + Punjab + Punjab + N/A + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + N/A + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Unavailable + + + Sindh + Sindh + Unavailable + + + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Punjab + Punjab + Unavailable + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Unavailable + + + Sindh + Sindh + Unavailable + + + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Punjab + Punjab + 29289 + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Unavailable + + + Sindh + Sindh + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Unavailable + + + + + Punjab + Punjab + Unavailable + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Unavailable + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Sindh + Sindh + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Unavailable + + + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Punjab + Punjab + 1771 + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Unavailable + + + Sindh + Sindh + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Unavailable + + + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Punjab + Punjab + Unavailable + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Unavailable + + + Sindh + Sindh + Unavailable + + + + + Punjab + Punjab + Unavailable + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Unavailable + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Unavailable + + + Sindh + Sindh + Unavailable + + + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Yes + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Yes + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + + + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Unavailable + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Unavailable + + + Sindh + Sindh + Unavailable + + + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Yes + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + + + Federal + Federal + Yes + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Yes + + + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Unavailable + + + Sindh + Sindh + Unavailable + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Unavailable + + + + + Punjab + Punjab + Yes + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Yes + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Yes + + + Sindh + Sindh + Yes + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + + + Punjab + Punjab + No + + + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + Khyber Pakhtunkhwa + No + + + Federal + Federal + Unavailable + + + Balochistan + Balochistan + Unavailable + + + Sindh + Sindh + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + + + Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Establish a minimum age for work of at least age 14 in federal and provincial laws extending to all sectors and informal employment, regardless of the number of employees. + + + Ensure that the law prohibits the employment of children under age 18 in hazardous work, including in federal law and Balochistan Province. + + + Ensure that the federal and provincial lists of hazardous work prohibited for children are comprehensive, and include brickmaking, domestic work, and mining. + + + Ensure that federal and provincial laws criminally prohibit child trafficking without requiring an element of force, fraud, or coercion. + + + Ensure that the law prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs, including in federal law and Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces. + + + Ensure that the law criminalizes the use, procurement, and offering of children in prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances, including in federal law and Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment and use of children under age 18 by non-state groups for armed conflict, including in federal law and Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provinces. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Ensure there are a sufficient number of inspectors trained and responsible for providing enforcement of child labor laws to meet international standards in all provinces. + + + Provide the funding necessary to adequately hire, train, equip, and cover the cost of transportation for inspectors to enforce child labor laws, especially in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh Provinces. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are permitted to conduct unannounced inspections in Sindh Province without harassment, as mandated by Sindh's labor code. + + + Ensure that District Vigilance Committees that seek to ensure enforcement and implementation of bonded labor prohibitions are operating effectively in all provinces, and are established in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan Provinces. + + + Ensure that all allegations of sexual abuse, including allegations of bacha bazi and trafficking of boys into Afghanistan, are thoroughly investigated and, when appropriate, prosecuted. + + + Ensure that all brick kilns are registered, do not employ child labor, and fully compensate all workers. + + + Authorize labor inspectors to assess penalties for child labor violations. + + + Create a centralized repository of labor law enforcement data and a regular mechanism for reporting it to the federal government, and make the data publicly available. + + + Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Pakistan meets the ILO's technical advice. + + + Publish enforcement data for child labor law violations, penalties imposed, and penalties collected for all provinces. In addition, publish information about labor inspectorate funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number of labor inspections conducted at the worksite, whether routine inspections were targeted, whether unannounced inspections were conducted, whether training on new laws related to child labor were conducted, whether refresher training courses were provided, whether complaint mechanisms exist, whether reciprocal referral mechanisms exist between labor authorities and social services for all provinces. + + + Establish sufficient laws to end police corruption, particularly the taking of bribes from suspected perpetrators to ignore alleged crimes. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between labor authorities and social services in all provinces. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between criminal law enforcement agencies and social services in all provinces. + + + Publish information about criminal law investigations, violations found, prosecutions initiated, and the number of convictions, as well as about initial training, training on the worst forms of child labor, refresher courses, and penalties imposed and collected in all provinces. + + + + + Publish information on the activities undertaken by the Provincial and Federal Tripartite Consultative Committees. + + + Establish the remaining 33 Child Protection Units in Balochistan, as required by law. + + + Ensure that the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Child Welfare and Protection Commission meets regularly and appoints a commissioner. + + + Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Ensure that steps are taken to implement policies to address child labor. + + + Ensure that inspectors are provided with sufficient resources and are not stymied from executing Sindh Province's Labor Policy by factory owners. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies in the education policies of the provincial governments. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Complete and publish child labor surveys at the federal and provincial levels. + + + Publish information on activities undertaken during the reporting period to implement the ILO-funded programs Sustaining Strengthened National Capacities to Improve International Labor Standards Compliance and Reporting in Relevant EU Trading Partners (2018–2020) and The Clear Cotton Project (2018–2022). + + + Implement programs to address and eliminate the sexual abuse of children, especially in madrassas, workplaces, and on the street. + + + Improve existing programs and increase the size and scope of government programs to reach children working in the informal sector and in the worst forms of child labor, including domestic workers, bonded child laborers, and other victims of human trafficking. + + + Implement programs to address high rates of teacher absenteeism, inadequate facilities, school fees, lack of transportation, and use of corporal punishment to ensure that all children have access to free and compulsory education, as required by law. Increase security for schools to protect children and teachers from attacks by non-state armed groups. + + + Implement programs to raise awareness of and provide assistance to children used by non-state militant groups to engage in armed conflict. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supply Chains Tracing Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supply-chains-tracing-project + + + Research on Children Working in the Carpet Industry of India, Nepal and Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAsia_CarpetsResearch_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Pakistan Earthquake – Child Labor Response + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Earthquake_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Pakistan + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Carpet Industry in Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Carpets_Phases1%262_CLOSED.pdf + + + Addressing Child Labor through Quality Education for All in Pakistan (ACL-QEFA) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_ACLQEFA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Carpet Industry in Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_Carpets_Phases1%262_CLOSED.pdf + + + Elimination of Child Labor in the Soccer Ball Industry in Sialkot, Pakistan, Phases 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Pakistan_SoccerBalls_Phases1%262_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Panama + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/panama + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Panama made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government successfully prosecuted, convicted, and sentenced its first forced child labor case, and it provided social services to 1,500 child victims and children at risk of child labor. It also established a Network of Companies Against Child Labor with the participation of the National Council of Private Enterprise and technical advice from the International Labor Organization, with the aim of creating a certification seal for products produced free of child labor. However, children in Panama are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. Panamanian law allows minors under age 16 to engage in hazardous work within training facilities in violation of international standards. Moreover, the Ministry of Labor lacks the authority to collect fines for labor violations, limiting its capacity to enforce laws on the worst forms of child labor. + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Melons + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.047 + 32858 + 0.686 + 0.054 + 0.26 + + + 5-14 + 0.949 + + + 7-14 + 0.049 + + + 0.898 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 1307476 + 93 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 10374 + 10374 + 2 + 2 + 2 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Establish regulations that define the types of activities that children between ages 12 and 14 can undertake as light work. + + + Ensure that the law protects children from hazardous work by establishing a minimum age of 18 for all children or by ensuring that children receive adequate training in the type of work being done and that the health, safety, and morals of children are protected in accordance with international standards if children age 16 or 17 are allowed to perform hazardous work. + + + Raise the working age from 14 to 15, the compulsory education age, to comply with international standards. + + + + + Collect and make available complete data on labor law enforcement efforts and criminal enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor, such as the number of violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, penalties collected, whether reciprocal mechanisms exist, and number of convictions. + + + Allocate sufficient funding for the Directorate Against Child Labor and for the Protection of Adolescent Workers to meet its commitments for coordination, implementation, and monitoring related to child labor. + + + Ensure that all inspectors receive regular, specialized training on child labor issues. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + + + Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Increase coordination on efforts to address child labor, including within the Ministry of Labor, and with social services agencies and referral mechanisms. + + + + + Take steps to implement the National Multisectoral Strategy for the Prevention of Violence Against Children and Adolescents, and publish information about these efforts. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Coordination Agreement on Labor Migration between the Ministries of Labor of Costa Rica and Panama. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children from rural areas and indigenous and Afro-Panamanian communities, by expanding existing programs, including school transportation. + + + Ensure that social programs to prevent and eradicate child labor are being implemented. + + + Establish programs and ensure sufficient funding to address the needs of human trafficking victims, including programs that provide services to child victims of human trafficking and sexual abuse. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor II (CLEAR II) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-ii-clear-ii + + + Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Central America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_Simpoc_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Stop the Exploitation: Contribution to the Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor in the Commercial Agricultural Sector + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_ComAg_PhaseI_CLOSED.pdf + + + Building Effective Policies Against Child Labor in Ecuador and Panama + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-effective-policies-against-child-labor-ecuador-and-panama + + + Educafuturo: Project to Combat Child Labor Among Vulnerable Populations in Ecuador and Panama by Providing Direct Education and Livelihood Services + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/educafuturo-project-combat-child-labor-among-vulnerable-populations-ecuador-and + + + Country Program for Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Panama (Phase II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Panama + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Country Program for Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Panama + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Panama_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Papua New Guinea + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/papua-new-guinea + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Papua New Guinea made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the National Council for Child and Family Services developed criteria for the appointment of child protection officers and appointed 42 child protection officers. However, children in Papua New Guinea are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Papua New Guinea's hazardous work prohibitions do not comply with international standards that require all children under age 18 to be protected from work that could jeopardize their health and safety, nor do its laws prohibit using, procuring, or offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. Schools continued charging fees as a result of not receiving promised government subsidies needed for education to remain free and accessible for all children. In addition, insufficient resources hamper the labor inspectorate’s capacity to enforce child labor laws. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.771 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + + + + + Accede the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Accede the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Accede the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Raise the minimum age for light work to age 13 to comply with international standards, and ensure that the law’s light work provisions are sufficiently specific to prevent children from involvement in child labor. + + + Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work, and identify hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children. + + + Ensure that the law does not require threats, the use of force, or coercion to be established for the crime of child trafficking. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law establishes a compulsory education age that is equal to the minimum age for employment. + + + + + Fully fund and reopen 1-Tok Kaunselin Helpim Lain. + + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, the number of child labor violations found, and the number of child labor penalties imposed. + + + Strengthen the inspection system by ensuring that inspectors conduct routine or targeted inspections in addition to those that are complaint-driven. + + + Provide inspectors with the resources necessary to enforce labor laws and other laws that protect children from the worst forms of child labor, including funding, training, and report writing skills. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between labor and criminal law enforcement authorities and social services agencies to ensure that victims of child labor receive appropriate support services. + + + Ensure the number of labor inspectors meets the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Institutionalize and fully fund training for labor inspectors and criminal investigators on the worst forms of child labor, including training for new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment. + + + Ensure that labor inspections occur in all areas of Papua New Guinea, especially outside of urban areas. + + + Publish information on the criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. + + + Establish a data monitoring system to track child labor cases. + + + + + Ensure that the established coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor, including the worst forms of child labor, fully carry out their mandates. + + + Ensure that there is senior governmental leadership and participation at the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee meetings. + + + Ensure that all anti-human trafficking stakeholders, including NGOs, are invited to and participate in the National Anti-Human Trafficking Committee coordination meetings as per the Committee's mandate. + + + + + Ensure that all policies are funded and implemented according to their mandate, including the National Action Plan to Eliminate Child Labor in Papua New Guinea, the Papua New Guinea Trafficking in Persons National Action Plan, the National Child Protection Policy, and the Tuition Fee Free Policy. + + + Integrate child labor elimination strategies into the Trafficking in Persons National Action Plan. + + + Fully reimburse schools for the added costs of accommodating additional students as mandated under the Tuition Fee-Free Policy. + + + + + Increase access to education by instituting programs to address gender-based violence against girls in schools, fully eliminating school-related fees, and increasing resources, including access to reliable water supplies and toilets. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Implement and fully fund programs and anti-human trafficking services that assist children engaged in the worst forms of child labor in all relevant sectors, especially commercial sexual exploitation, domestic work, and mining. + + + Ensure that Child Care Centers are active and are fully funded, and publish their activities undertaken during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Paraguay + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/paraguay + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Paraguay made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor launched virtual training curricula for inspectors and created a labor complaint hotline. Local Defense Councils for the Rights of Children were also involved in child labor investigations, and in December 2020, the government approved a National Plan to Counter Trafficking in Persons. However, children in Paraguay are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic servitude, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, as well as debt bondage in cattle raising, on dairy farms, and in charcoal factories. Children from rural and indigenous communities also face difficulties accessing and completing their education, including language barriers and inadequate facilities and staff at schools. In addition, limited funding for law enforcement agencies and social programs hampered the government’s ability to fully address the worst forms of child labor, particularly in rural areas. Paraguay's criminal law enforcement agencies also lack resources to sufficiently identify, investigate, and prosecute cases of the worst forms of child labor, especially in remote areas. + + + Beans + Yes + No + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cabbages + Yes + No + No + + + Carrots + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + Yes + Yes + No + + + Corn + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Goats + Yes + No + No + + + Hogs + Yes + No + No + + + Lettuce + Yes + No + No + + + Manioc/Cassava + Yes + No + No + + + Melons + Yes + No + No + + + Onions + Yes + No + No + + + Peanuts + Yes + No + No + + + Peppers + Yes + No + No + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + Poultry + Yes + No + No + + + Sesame + Yes + No + No + + + Sheep + Yes + No + No + + + Stones (limestone) + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Sweet Potatoes + Yes + No + No + + + Tomatoes + Yes + No + No + + + Yerba Mate (stimulant plant) + Yes + No + No + + + + + 10-14 + 0.074 + 49956 + 0.433 + 0.119 + 0.449 + + + 5-14 + 0.964 + + + 10-14 + 0.064 + + + 0.88 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + + 366762 + 21 + No + N/A + N/A + Yes + 9710 + 99 + 8 + 7 + 6 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + N/A + Yes + 160 + Unavailable + 25 + 6 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age of completion of compulsory education. + + + Protect children from the abuse of the criadazgo system by ensuring that working conditions meet international standards. + + + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing inspectors to determine and assess penalties for child labor violations. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by making labor inspectors public officials rather than contractors and ensuring that they receive more training specific to child labor. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Increase the funding and resources available to the labor inspectorate, specifically in the Chaco region, to build enforcement capacity to address child labor in the informal sector, including in agriculture, and domestic work. + + + Implement the 2016 agreement to accelerate authorization of workplace inspection search warrants to improve the cooperation mechanisms among judicial authorities and labor enforcement officials. + + + Publish information on how many violations of child labor were found through criminal investigations. + + + Increase efforts to prosecute crimes related to the worst forms of child labor, including by hiring and training more specialized criminal investigators and prosecutors, and by increasing penalties for crimes. + + + Provide resources to enable more criminal investigations in remote areas. + + + Ensure that fines and penalties for the worst forms of child labor are consistently applied. + + + + + Ensure that the Inter-Institutional Working Group on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Persons fulfills its mandate, including in collecting and reporting statistics. + + + Strengthen inter-agency coordinating mechanisms, with particular focus on the communication between the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security and the ministries of Education and Health, to combat child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Provide additional financial and human resources to the Defense Councils for the Rights of Children and Adolescents to strengthen their ability to address child labor at the municipal level. + + + + + Publish information on activities taken under all key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Further expand government programs to assist more families and children affected by child labor in agriculture in rural areas, including cattle herding, and domestic work. + + + Increase access to education for children vulnerable to child labor, particularly children with disabilities, children living in rural and indigenous communities with language barriers, and girls who leave school early. Address the lack of infrastructure, staff, and transportation to to improve access to education for all children. + + + Ensure that financial assistance programs for child trafficking and forced labor victims are properly funded. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor Through Horizontal Cooperation in South America + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labor-through-horizontal-cooperation-south-america + + + CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CSEC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf + + + Paraguay Okakuaa (Paraguay Progresses) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/paraguay-okakuaa-paraguay-progresses + + + + + Peru + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/peru + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Significant Advancement + In 2020, Peru made significant advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government passed Law 31047, which set the minimum age for domestic work at 18 years. The labor inspectorate also carried out joint inspections with the police to identify children working in dangerous conditions in Lima's garment district. In addition, a regional ordinance was enacted to create provincial and district commissions to fight trafficking in persons, migrant smuggling, and forced labor in the Arequipa Region. The Ministry of Labor granted the Child Labor Free Seal certification to seven socially responsible businesses that produce agricultural export goods. The Street Educators program also assisted over 6,000 children. However, children in Peru are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in mining and in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Peruvian law allows children ages 12 to 14 to do light work without specifying the activities in which children may work. Also, labor law enforcement agencies in Peru lack sufficient inspectors and training to adequately combat child labor, and the government did not provide complete information on labor or criminal enforcement efforts against the worst forms of child labor. + + + Brazil Nuts/Chestnuts + No + Yes + No + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Coca (stimulant plant) + Yes + No + No + + + Fireworks + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + Yes + No + + + Timber + No + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.218 + 1261484 + 0.638 + 0.061 + 0.302 + + + 5-14 + 0.976 + + + 7-14 + 0.25 + + + 0.987 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17‡ + No + Yes + + + + 55500000 + 822 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 74502 + 48676 + 63 + 61 + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 20 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children younger than age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including whether penalties for violations were collected. + + + Increase the level of funding and the resources allocated for labor and criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that inspectors and criminal law enforcement personnel are properly trained on child labor and forced labor issues. + + + Ensure adequate enforcement of child labor laws. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Remove the "auxiliary inspector classification" to increase efficiency in the labor inspection process. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient shelters, including shelters for boys, and specialized services available for victims of human trafficking. + + + Ensure that fines are collected to deter future child labor violations. + + + Publish information on training for criminal investigators, the number of investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials conduct adequate investigations in mining areas and bars and initiate prosecutions when violations are found to deter perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that Regional Commissions for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor develop action plans to combat child labor and allocate sufficient funding to implement these plans. + + + Ensure that key coordinating bodies related to the worst forms of child labor are active and publish information on annual activities. + + + Ensure that efforts to address trafficking in persons are fully funded by approving the multi-sectoral anti-trafficking budget. + + + + + Ensure that key policies related to the worst forms of child labor are active and that information on annual activities is published. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, regardless of documentation, in particular migrant and refugee communities. + + + Expand social programs to reach a greater number of children who perform dangerous tasks in agriculture; initiate social programs to address child commercial sexual exploitation, child labor in mining, child labor in logging, and child domestic work. + + + Publish information on activities taken under all social programs that address child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + National Child Labor Surveys in Selected Countries + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_ChildLaborSurveys_FY05_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + CDL the Prevention and Elimination of Child Labor Domestic Labor in South America + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Consolidating and Disseminating Efforts to Combat Forced Labor in Brazil and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/consolidating-and-disseminating-efforts-combat-forced-labor-brazil-and-peru-0 + + + Prevention and Elimination of Child Domestic Labor (CDL) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) in Chile, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalSA_CDW_CSEC_CLOSED.pdf + + + From Protocol to Practice: A Bridge to Global Action on Forced Labor (The Bridge Project) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/protocol-practice-bridge-global-action-forced-labor-bridge-project-0 + + + Promoting Better Understanding of Indicators to Address Forced Labor and Labor Trafficking in Peru + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-better-understanding-indicators-address-forced-labor-and-labor-trafficking + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-5 + + + Proyecto Semilla (Seed Project): Combating Exploitative Rural Child Labor in Peru + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/proyecto-semilla-seed-project-combating-exploitative-rural-child-labor-peru + + + Prepárate para la Vida (Get Ready for Life) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Peru_Preparate_CLOSED.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in Peru + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Peru_CCL_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Philippines + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/philippines + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, the Philippines made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment a U.S. citizen for "large-scale qualified trafficking in persons," making it the first online sexual exploitation of children conviction of a foreigner in the country and enabling the largest seizure of digital evidence to date. The government also established the Philippine National Multi-Sectoral Strategic Plan on Children in Street Situations to address the needs of street children. In addition, the House of Representatives passed House Bill No. 7836, which will raise the age of sexual consent from age 12 up to age 16, while eliminating a provision in the Penal Code that protected rapists from penalty if they proposed marriage to their victims. However, children in the Philippines are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture and gold mining. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it did not adequately protect children allegedly engaged in drug trafficking from inappropriate incarceration or physical harm during detention. The government also did not ensure that children released from custody were placed in accredited rehabilitation centers. In addition, the government failed to take law enforcement action against officials who facilitated the production of fraudulent identity documents or were otherwise complicit in human trafficking. Moreover, the enforcement of child labor laws remained challenging throughout the country, especially due to the low number of inspectors, lack of resources for inspections, and inspectors’ inability to assess penalties. + + + Bananas + Yes + No + No + + + Coconuts + Yes + No + No + + + Corn + Yes + No + No + + + Fashion Accessories + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Hogs + Yes + No + No + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + Pyrotechnics + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Rubber + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.02 + 466708 + 0.449 + 0.055 + 0.496 + + + 5-14 + 0.955 + + + 7-14 + 0.021 + + + 1.058 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18‡ + No + Yes + + + + 4240743 + 710 + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 13974 + 13974 + 4 + 4 + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 41 + 87 + 70 + 55 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Finalize and approve amendments to Republic Act No. 9231. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Launch the online hotline to allow reporting of potential online sexual exploitation of children cases. + + + Increase funding to allow for the hiring of more law enforcement personnel, including police and prosecutors, training for forensic analysis of digital online sexual exploitation of children evidence, and create a centralized database to allow for quicker action on cases involving the worst forms of child labor. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice; ensure the budget for the Department of Labor and Employment, Bureau of Worker Concerns includes an allocation for the salaries of labor inspectors located outside of the National Capital Region; and increase resources available to provide sufficient coverage of the workforce, particularly in the informal sector and in rural areas where child labor is prevalent. + + + Develop and provide specialized training for labor inspectors on identification of child labor. + + + Allow Rescue the Child Laborers Quick Action Teams to conduct unannounced compliance visits to private homes. + + + Ensure that youth rehabilitation centers, including Houses of Hope, are accredited and in compliance with standards set by theDepartment of Social Welfare and Developmentand JJWC. + + + Publish information on labor law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected. + + + Enhance efforts to prevent the inappropriate incarceration of, and violence against, children suspected to be engaged in the production and trafficking of drugs and those caught in crossfire during anti-drug operations. + + + Prosecute law enforcement officials and civilians responsible for the killing of children engaged in the drug trade and officials who are complicit in the trafficking or allow traffickers to operate without impunity. + + + Offer criminal law enforcement officials training on laws related to the worst forms of child labor and the proper handling of digital evidence in criminal trials. + + + Prosecute trafficking crimes in a timely manner, and hire more criminal prosecutors to lessen the workload. + + + Incorporate procedures to allow for an efficient exchange of restitution to victims of trafficking. + + + + + Ensure the Inter-Agency Council Against Child Pornography is able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + + + Publish the results of the child labor modules from the 2017, 2018, and 2019 rounds of the Labor Force Survey. + + + Publish data on the total number of confirmed online sexual exploitation of children cases each year. + + + Ensure that social programs are fully implemented, including the Strengthening Local Systems and Partnerships for More Effective and Sustainable Counter-Trafficking in Persons in the Philippines, and the Alternative Learning Systems Program. + + + Institute a program to address and combat the sexual abuse and exploitation of children in the production of child pornography, including live streaming. + + + Provide specialized care and rehabilitative services for children who have been victimized through sexual abuse and exploitation through live streaming and in the production of child pornography by their families. + + + Develop programs to increase protections for and provide assistance to children engaged in drug trafficking and children impacted by the death of a familial breadwinner to address their heightened vulnerability. + + + Ensure that "Houses of Hope" (Bahay ng Pag-asa) child detention centers in the Philippines do not subject children to physical or emotional abuse, that those who commit such crimes are held accountable, and that centers are provided with adequate resources to remedy overcrowding and unhygienic conditions. + + + Increase access to free, compulsory education by eliminating unofficial school-related fees and addressing issues related to inadequate school infrastructure, including architectural barriers. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Research on Forced Labor in the Production of Goods in Selected Countries: A Verite Multi-Stakeholder Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/ForcedLaborResearch_FY08_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + RICHES + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/riches + + + CARING Gold Mining Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/caring-gold-mining-project-convening-stakeholders-develop-and-implement-strategies + + + SAFE Seas + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/safe-seas + + + Program to Combat Child Labor in the Fishing Sector in Indonesia and the Philippines- Phases I and II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthEastAsia_Fishing_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Against Child Exploitation (ACE) Project + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/against-child-exploitation-ace-project + + + Building Capacity, Awareness, Advocacy and Programs Project (BuildCA2P) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/buildca2p-building-capacity-awareness-advocacy-and-programs-project + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-6 + + + Project to Combat Exploitative Child Labor in Sugarcane Growing Areas of the Philippines + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/project-combat-exploitative-child-labor-sugarcane-growing-areas-philippines + + + ABK3 LEAP + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/abk3-leap-livelihoods-education-advocacy + + + Towards a Child Labour-Free Philippines: Supporting the ‘Philippine Program Against Child Labour’ in Building on Past Gains and Addressing Challenges + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/towards-child-labour-free-philippines-supporting-philippine-program-against-child + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Philippines: ABK Initiative Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_ABK_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Labor Through Education in the Philippines: The ABK Initiative + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_ABK_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the Republic of the Philippines + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Philippines: Preparatory Activities for a Timebound Program (TBP) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_TBP_Prep_CLOSED.pdf + + + Reporting on the State of the Nation's Working Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in the Philippines + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Philippines_SIMPOC_PhI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Russia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/russia + + + Bricks + No + Yes + No + + + Pornography + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Timber + No + Yes + No + + + + + Rwanda + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/rwanda + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Rwanda made moderate advancement in efforts to combat the worst forms of child labor. The government passed a new education law that incorporates provisions to address barriers to education for girls and children with disabilities. Rwanda also released two child labor studies measuring child labor prevalence in specific districts across the country and continued to significantly increase its number of labor inspections, including child labor inspections. In addition, the government centralized its child rights protection efforts with the creation of the National Child Development Agency. Rwanda also began implementing a new labor procedure manual that provides guidance to local authorities on roles and responsibilities for child labor law enforcement. Although Rwanda made meaningful efforts across all relevant areas during the reporting period, reports indicate that government officials have detained children subjected to commercial sexual exploitation and forced street begging in transit centers intended for individuals demonstrating so-called deviant behaviors, in which children often experience physical abuse. Children in Rwanda are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining, including carrying heavy loads. The number of labor inspectors does not meet the International Labor Organization's technical advice for the size of the workforce. Finally, social programs do not address all relevant sectors in which child labor is present. + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + + + 6-14 + 0.054 + 156522 + 0.789 + 0.032 + 0.179 + + + 6-14 + 0.894 + + + 7-14 + 0.049 + + + 0.974 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + + 257000 + 36 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 8712 + 8712 + 624 + 6 + 6 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 6 + 6 + 6 + 0 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Establish by law compulsory education up to the age of 15 and free basic public education. + + + Raise the compulsory education age to be consistent with the minimum age for employment. + + + + + Disaggregate the number of complaints received by the Rwandan National Police's hotline and the National Public Prosecution Authority's investigations that relate to child labor. + + + Increase the number of inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient resources, personnel, and training to enforce child labor laws. + + + Cease the practice of detaining and beating children who work on the street and ensure that children in detention receive adequate screening and services, and are not subjected to abuse or unhealthy detention conditions. + + + + + Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Ensure that coordinating bodies receive adequate resources and are able to combat both domestic and transnational human trafficking. + + + + + Ensure that actions are taken to implement the Strategic Plan for the Integrated Child Rights Policy. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Social Protection Strategy. + + + + + Remove barriers to education, such as language barriers for non-English speakers, costs for uniforms, school supplies, and unofficial school fees, and ensure access for children with disabilities. + + + Expand existing social programs to address all relevant sectors of child labor, including agriculture and domestic work. + + + Expand services for human trafficking victims, including programs for long-term care in shelters. + + + Ensure that service providers are properly trained to identify victims of human trafficking. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + Regional Program on the Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflicts in Central Africa (Phase I) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_ChildSoldiers_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations-0 + + + Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children in Tea-Growing Areas (REACH-T) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/rwanda-education-alternatives-children-tea-growing-areas-reach-t + + + Rwanda Education Alternatives for Children (REACH) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/rwanda-education-alternatives-children-reach + + + + + Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-helena-ascensión-and-tristán-da-cunha + Europe and Eurasia + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Saint Helena, Ascensión, and Tristán da Cunha, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has yet to define by law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited to children, other than work on vessels engaged in maritime navigation. Gaps also remain in legislation related to forced child labor and the trafficking of children for labor exploitation. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ratify international conventions on child labor. + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that forced labor, debt bondage, and slavery are criminally prohibited. + + + Establish laws to criminally prohibit trafficking of children for labor exploitation. + + + Establish laws to prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + NA + NA + NA + + + + Saint Lucia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-lucia + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Saint Lucia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a comprehensive study to assess economically vulnerable populations in the country. The study will ultimately provide recommendations on effective ways to help the identified populations. The Trafficking in Persons Task Force also raised awareness through social media platforms and issued several press releases related to human trafficking. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Saint Lucia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in the sale and distribution of drugs. Saint Lucia's legal framework does not sufficiently protect children from hazardous work and illicit activities. In addition, policies addressing all forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children, do not exist. + + + + 5-14 + 0.075 + 2017 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.997 + + + 7-14 + 0.082 + + + 0.998 + + + + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 392313 + 4 + No + No + N/A + No + 150 + 150 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + No + 30 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the forced labor of children in all instances. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit using or offering a child for commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that laws prohibit procuring or offering a child for illicit activities, including drug trafficking and production. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate receives sufficient funding for conducting labor inspections. + + + Authorize labor inspectors to assess penalties for labor law violations. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors and criminal investigators receive initial training on child labor law enforcement, and that refresher courses are also provided for both labor inspectors and criminal investigators. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data on risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents, and by conducting unannounced inspections. + + + Increase the resources allocated to criminal investigators, including transportation and equipment. + + + Ensure that existing penalties are sufficient to deter employers from committing child labor violations. + + + Ensure thatthe judiciary has sufficient resources and personnel to allow cases to be tried in a timely manner. + + + + + Ensure that the Office of Gender Relations is able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + + + Ensure that theNational Social Protection Policy is implemented and fulfills its mandate. + + + Adopt policies to address the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers to education, and make it accessible for all children by ensuring that violence does not occur at schools. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement all government funded programs. + + + Design and implement social programs that specifically target and assist children engaged in the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and illicit activities such as the sale and transportation of drugs. + + + Ensure that funding for social programs is sufficient so that it can meet the needs of all children, including vulnerable children, and that it does not highly rely on foreign assistance. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Saint Vincent and the Grenadines + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit funded and conducted specialized human trafficking training for 181 new police recruits, the entire staff of the Sexual Offenses Unit, and participants in the police force's 2020 Basic Development Training Course. In addition, a new National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking was approved for 2021–2025, and campaigns aimed at increasing public awareness of human trafficking were conducted at Argyle International Airport and other popular gathering sites, as well as on radio and television announcements. Although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Gaps remain in the legal framework, as the law does not fully meet international standards because the use of children for prostitution, pornography, or pornographic performances is not prohibited. In addition, the minimum age for hazardous work falls below international standards and there is no legislation prohibiting the using, procuring and offering of children in illicit activities, including in the production of drugs. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.055 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A* + + No + N/A* + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 618758 + 6 + No + No + N/A + No + 37 + 37 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, in consultation with workers’ and employers’ organizations, and ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18. + + + Ensure the the use of children for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances is criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that laws prohibit the using, procuring and offering of children for illicit activities, including in the production of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for labor law violations. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by providing sufficient resources to conduct labor inspections, including by providing computers and training. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are provided initial trainings and refresher courses related to child labor. + + + Increase the amount of resources, including personnel and vehicles, for the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Unit. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement the National Child Protection Policy Framework. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children, including children in rural communities, by providing public transportation. + + + Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that the Zero Hunger Trust Fund program has sufficient resources to assist all children in need. + + + + + No + Yes + No + + + + Samoa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/samoa + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Samoa made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government submitted two pieces of draft legislation, the Labour and Employment Relations Amendment Act 2020 and the Child Protection Bill 2020, to be considered during the next session of parliament. Children in Samoa are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in street vending. Research found no evidence of laws that prohibit using, procuring, or offering children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. While the government has a mechanism to coordinate inter-agency efforts to address child labor, it did not meet during the reporting period. In addition, the government did not publicly release information on its labor law enforcement or criminal law enforcements efforts. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 1.089 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children from involvement in child labor, including street vending. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits commercial sexual exploitation of children between ages 16 to 18. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, or offering a child for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Ensure access to free public education. + + + + + Publish information on the number of criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found; prosecutions initiated; convictions made, and penalties imposed. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between labor enforcement authorities and social services providers. + + + + + Ensure all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Ensure the Child Vendor Taskforce meets regularly and effectively carries out its mandate. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Strategy for the Development of Samoa and the Education Sector Plan. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the UN Pacific Strategy during the reporting period. + + + + + Enhance efforts to make education accessible for all children by fully eliminating school-related costs, including registration fees, uniforms, transportation fees. + + + Institute programs to address child labor, including in street vending and commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Samoa Decent Work Country Program during the reporting period. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the One Government Grant social program during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Senegal + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/senegal + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Senegal made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. A government initiative to address the COVID-19 pandemic through the "Zero Children" program removed 5,130 children from the streets, many of whom were victims of forced begging. The National Task Force Against Trafficking in Persons also finalized its National Action Plan for 2021–2023. In addition, the government created a new coordination mechanism that includes a National Unit for Coordination, Monitoring, and Follow Up of Emergency Protection of Children Against COVID-19. However, children in Senegal are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Hazardous work prohibitions do not include domestic work or street work, areas in which there is evidence of potential harm to child workers, and labor and criminal law enforcement agencies lack resources to adequately enforce child labor law. In addition, an overlap of mandated activities among mechanisms to coordinate efforts to address child labor creates confusion and obstructs effective collaboration. + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.53 + + + 7-14 + 0.139 + + + 0.612 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 68 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + 3 + 3 + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the law governing hazardous work prohibitions for children is comprehensive. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Clarify the forced begging provisions in the Penal Code and the Law Concerning the Fight Against Trafficking in Persons to explicitly prohibit forced begging, including alms-seeking, under any circumstances. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children's involvement in child labor. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to that which education is compulsory. + + + Raise the minimum age for light work to age 13. + + + + + Publish all relevant information on labor inspectorate funding and on the number of inspections conducted, including those conducted at worksites. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice, provide adequate labor inspectorate funding, and ensure that cases of child labor are formally reported. + + + Ensure that laborinspectionsand enforcement are carried out in the informal sector. + + + Ensure that all violations are assessed a penalty, particularly in the most serious cases. + + + Establish a mechanism to receive child labor complaints, and track cases of child labor for referral to law enforcement or social service providers. + + + Track and publish Ginddi Center hotline call data to determine number of children served during the reporting period. + + + Ensure that the gendarmerie and police are trained to identify and report child labor violations. + + + Ensure that training for criminal investigators adequately addresses issues related to the worst forms of child labor in Senegal. + + + Publish criminal law enforcement data on the number of investigations, violations found, and imposed penalties on the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that courts have sufficient resources and coordination to be able to successfully prosecute cases. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating mechanisms on child labor are active and able to carry out their intended mandates by providing them with adequate resources, support, and mutually exclusive scopes of responsibility. + + + + + Ensure that policies are fully funded and implemented, and report on their activities. + + + Adopt a national policy to address child labor. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to better inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that all children have access to education by eliminating school-related fees, building schools in rural areas, training additional teachers, providing all children with access to birth registration, and protecting children in schools from sexual abuse. + + + Institute programs to address child labor in domestic work, agriculture, and mining, and ensure that adequate funding is available to support existing programs targeting the worst forms of child labor, including forced begging. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Support for the Implementation of the Senegal Timebound Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Senegal_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Serbia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/serbia + Europe and Eurasia + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Serbia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government increased the budget of the Labor Inspectorate and implemented online trainings for labor inspectors. Additionally, the government adopted a Strategy for Prevention and Protection of Children from Violence (2020–2023) and created a Ministry of Family Welfare and Demography, which will allow children's issues to be addressed by a single ministry rather than being split among multiple government ministries. However, children in Serbia remain subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced begging and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in street work. Serbia's laws do not treat forced child beggars as victims of child labor, and the country's social welfare centers are overburdened, which limits efforts to provide services to victims of child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.976 + + + 7-14 + 0.206 + + + 0.987 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + 3910898 + 217 + Yes + No + No + Yes + 62475 + 62427 + 20 + 10 + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + 27 + 22 + 33 + 22 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the law does not treat child beggars as criminals. + + + Ensure that the Law on Children's Rights and Child Ombudsman is passed. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + + + Ensure that staff members at the Social Welfare Centers have sufficient resources, such as personnel and funding, to address the specific needs of child trafficking victims. + + + Train new labor inspectors on child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal investigators and agencies combating trafficking in persons have the necessary funding to conduct thorough investigations. + + + + + Ensure that the National Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Persons has a level of financial support that facilitates efforts to eliminate child labor. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Strategy for Roma Inclusion. + + + + + Address barriers to education, including access to birth registration documentation; increase access to education for children with disabilities; and increase access and retention rates for minority populations, particularly migrant and Roma children. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + + + Sierra Leone + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sierra-leone + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Sierra Leone made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched a new National Action Plan Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, and carried out an awareness-raising campaign to promote education access for girls. However, children in Sierra Leone are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in mining and commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in quarrying stone and fishing. The types of hazardous work prohibited for children do not cover all sectors in which child labor is known to occur, and the government does not have a sufficient number of labor inspectors to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. In addition, Sierra Leone lacks a national policy and social program to address all relevant worst forms of child labor. + + + Cocoa + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Diamonds + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Granite + Yes + No + No + + + Oil (Palm) + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.782 + + + 7-14 + 0.322 + + + 0.832 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 40000 + 29 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + No + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions are specific enough to prevent children’s involvement in child labor. + + + Ensure that the types of work that children perform in Sierra Leone that fall into a R. 190 category are prohibited to children under age 18. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Establish a complaint and reciprocal referral mechanism for labor law enforcement efforts. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Provide labor law and criminal law enforcement officials with sufficient resources to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country. + + + Enforce laws prohibiting child labor in mining, particularly in the diamond mining sector. + + + Publish information on the number of labor inspections conducted, including at worksites. + + + Ensure that penalties for child labor violations are adequate to deter violations. + + + Ensure that unannounced inspections are permitted and conducted. + + + Improve coordination between criminal law enforcement agencies and provide sufficient training to enforcement personnel and the judiciary to ensure that violations are adequately investigated and prosecuted. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including training for criminal investigators, the number of investigations undertaken, criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that village-level and chiefdom-level Child Welfare Committees are established and operational in all areas. + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Adopt policies to address child labor in relevant sectors, such as mining, quarrying, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement social programs during the reporting period. + + + Ensure that data for household surveys are fully disaggregated and published so the prevalence of child labor at all ages, including below age 10, in Sierra Leone is known. + + + Institute programs in the education sector to address issues of lack transportation, to increase the number of schools and teachers, reduce school-related costs, and to eliminate abuse, including sexual and gender-based violence, by teachers and other students. + + + Increase the availability ofand fundingfor shelters and safe houses for victims of forced labor and for children removed from street work. + + + Institute programs to address child labor in the sectors of agriculture, domestic work, and street vending. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + CYCLE - Countering Youth and Child Labor through Education in Sierra Leone and Liberia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestAfr_CYCLE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Education Innovations + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI_TraffickingComponent_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Solomon Islands + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/solomon-islands + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, the Solomon Islands made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government created a revised version of its National Action Plan against Human Trafficking and People Smuggling and partnered with private companies to create and implement human trafficking awareness-raising campaigns targeting 12 communities in the Choiseul Province. However, children in the Solomon Islands are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in the harvesting of palm oil fruits. The minimum age for work does not meet international standards, and the Solomon Islands has not established a minimum age for hazardous work or delineated the types of work considered hazardous for children. The government also did not publish labor and criminal law enforcement data for the reporting year. In addition, education is not compulsory, which increases children’s vulnerability to child labor exploitation. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.857 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Raise the minimum age for employment to comply with international standards. + + + Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work. + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, including the types of work for which there is evidence of hazards, such as in scavenging and agriculture. + + + Establish by law an age up to which educationis compulsory that extends to the minimum age for employment. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits child trafficking, regardless of whether threats, the use of force, or other forms of coercion can be established. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits using, procuring, and offering a child for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring the ability to assess penalties. + + + Publish information on the number of criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of child labor investigations initiated, the number of child labor penalties imposed, and the number of criminal law enforcement convictions secured. + + + Allocate sufficient resources to enforce child labor laws, including increasing budget transparency. + + + Ensure agencies address issues with commitment, coordination, priorities, structural capacity, and budget allocations to enable them to enforce child labor laws. + + + Ensure that the government publishes information about the training system for labor inspectors. + + + + + Publish information on coordination mechanisms and efforts undertaken to address child labor. + + + + + Adopt a policy via the National Action Plan on Human Trafficking and People Smuggling that addresses all worst forms of child labor, including using children in commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Fee Free Basic Education Policy. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan on Human Trafficking and People Smuggling. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Fee Free Basic Education Policy. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Education Action Plan. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy. + + + + + Implement and fully fund programs to address andeliminatechild labor—especially in the agriculture sector—and the worst forms of child labor. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Eliminate barriers to basic education, including by improving access to school transportation and eliminating school-related fees. + + + + + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Somalia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/somalia + Sub-Saharan Africa + Yes + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Somalia made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs established a Labor Inspectorate and hired and trained 35 labor inspectors. The government also created an Office for the Senior Advisor on Child Labor to lead the drafting and implementation of a National Action Plan to address the worst forms of child labor. Following nationwide school closures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ministry of Education worked with UNICEF to educate 141,816 children via Internet, television, and radio platforms. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Somalia is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, there is evidence that federal and state security forces, as well as clan militias and al-Shabaab, continued to recruit and use children in armed conflict, in violation of national law. Children in Somalia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in armed conflict. Children also perform dangerous tasks in street work. Somali laws do not criminally prohibit child trafficking for labor, commercial sexual exploitation, or the recruitment of children by non-state armed groups. + + + + 5-14 + 0.383 + 5-14 + 0.442 + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 5-14 + 0.132 + + 5-14 + 0.095 + + + + 7-14 + 0.047 + 7-14 + 0.066 + + + Unavailable + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + No + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + No + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + No + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + No + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + No + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + 14‡ + No + No + + + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + 0 + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + 35 + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + 2 + + + All Territories + All Territories + 2 + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + 0 + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + N/A + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + N/A + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Unavailable + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + + + + All + All + No + + + + + All + All + No + + + + + All + All + No + + + + + All + All + Unavailable + + + + + All + All + 1735 + + + + + All + All + Unavailable + + + + + All + All + Unavailable + + + + + All + All + Yes + + + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography. + + + Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Clarify whether the pre-1991 Labor Code is still in effect under the Federal Government of Somalia. + + + Criminally prohibit child trafficking for the purpose of labor and sexual exploitation. + + + Criminally prohibit using, procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, pornography, and pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that penalties for the commercial sexual exploitation of children are sufficiently stringent to deter violations. + + + Ensure that the law protects children involved in commercial sexual exploitation from criminal charges. + + + Criminally prohibit the use of children in illicit activities. + + + Criminally prohibit the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the compulsory education age to be commensurate with the minimum age for work. + + + Ensure that Puntland's laws define a child as anyone under age 18, in accordance with international standards. + + + Ensure that a legal framework on child labor is in place that includes a minimum age for hazardous work; determines the activities in which light work may be permitted and prescribes the number of hours per week for light work; and, in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations, determines the types of hazardous work prohibited for children. + + + + + Report labor law enforcement information on the number of violations found, prosecutions initiated, and convictions achieved in all regions of Somalia. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient training and resources to investigate, prosecute, and convict violators of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Cease the recruitment and use of child soldiers by the SPF, the National Intelligence and Security Agency, and the SNA, as well as Galmudug, Jubaland, and Puntland forces and all allied militia. Investigate, prosecute, and punish, as appropriate, all commanders who recruit and use children. + + + Ensure that children associated with armed groups are not detained with adults and refer these children to social services providers. Cease the practice of sentencing children to long prison terms for associating with armed groups. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between the labor inspectorate and social welfare services for children subjected to child labor. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate is funded, and increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Establish a referral mechanism between the SPF and social welfare services for children engaged in forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all forms of child labor. + + + + + Adopt policies to address child labor in agriculture, industry, street work, and domestic work. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible and safe for all children by removing all armed groups from educational facilities, constructing schools outside Mogadishu, removing enrollment fees, and ensuring nomadic and rural children have access. + + + Develop programs to address child labor, such as in street work and forced labor in agriculture. Expand existing programs to address the scope of children in armed conflict. + + + Ensure all social programs are implemented as intended. + + + Adopt a countrywide birth registration system to facilitate identification of child labor violations. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + South Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/south-africa + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, South Africa made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Government of South Africa increased its Child Support Grant, providing an additional $35 per month on top of the existing $33 per month to low-income recipients with children. However, children in South Africa are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and forced begging, each sometimes as the result of human trafficking. Labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties, and social programs are not sufficient to address the scope of child labor. In addition, barriers to education remain, especially among migrant children who lack proper identification documents. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.903 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 4500000 + 1369 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 227990 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + N/A + Yes + 15 + 5 + 3 + 2 + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Publish information on funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number of child labor inspections conducted at worksites, the number of criminal investigations, the number of violations, the number of prosecutions, and the number of penalties imposed and collected. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical advice. + + + Ensure that sufficient resources are provided to the labor inspectorate to conduct inspections, including recruiting new inspectors and inspections in which child labor is known to occur. + + + Ensure that law enforcement is trained to properly identify victims of the worst forms of child labor and human trafficking. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors are provided adequate protection and security when conducting labor inspections on private property. + + + + + Ensure that all coordination bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates, which includes allocating funding for permanent staff and training. + + + + + Include a timeframe and benchmarks in the National Child Labor Program of Action for South Africa to properly monitor and assess the progress of efforts to combat child labor. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the South African Education Action Plan and the National Development Plan. + + + Ensure that all child labor policies are fully funded, implemented, and are able to carry out their mandates. + + + + + Ensure that migrants and refugees have equal access to education, and make additional efforts to provide all children with birth documentation. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure access to education for all children by eliminating school-related fees for basic education. + + + Institute programs to address the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Ensure that children who qualify for the Child Support Grant are able to access the program's application material. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + RECLISA - Reducing Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Eswatini) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_RECLISA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor in South Africa, and Laying the Basis for Concerted Action Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Eswatini (TECL I) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labor-south-africa-and + + + Towards the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (TECL), Phase II, with a Focus on HIV/AIDS: Supporting and Monitoring the Implementation of National Plans of Action in Three Core Countries in Southern Africa (TECL II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthernAfr_TECL_PhaseII_0.pdf + + + Development of a National Program of Action to Eradicate Child Labor in South Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAfrica_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Reporting on the State of the Nation's Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in the Republic of South Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SouthAfrica_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + South Sudan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/south-sudan + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + No Advancement – Efforts Made but Complicit in Forced Child Labor + In 2020, South Sudan is receiving an assessment of no advancement. Despite initiatives to address child labor, South Sudan is assessed as having made no advancement because it demonstrated a practice of being complicit in the use of forced child labor in more than isolated incidents. Military forces continued to recruit children, sometimes forcibly, to fight opposition groups. Otherwise, the government made efforts by signing into law a United Nations comprehensive action plan to end grave violations against children, inaugurating a juvenile court, and deploying a distance-learning program that reached 1.5 million children. Children in South Sudan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including use in armed conflict and cattle herding. The government did not hold perpetrators of child labor accountable and has yet to ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. In addition, police continued to arrest and imprison children engaged in commercial sexual exploitation rather than treating them as victims. + + + Cattle + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + 10-14 + 0.456 + 463624 + 0.602 + 0.382 + 0.016 + + + 6-14 + 0.315 + + + 10-14 + 0.109 + + + 0.274 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 13 + No + No + + + + 68138 + 14 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 39 + 39 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + N/A + No + Unavailable + 82 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that the compulsory education age is consistent with the minimum age for work. + + + Ensure that the worst forms of child labor are prohibited for all children under age 18 by law. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Labor drafts and issues regulations to implement key elements related to child labor, including the number of hours and conditions for light work, and the exceptions under which 16-year-old children may perform hazardous work. + + + + + Ensure that labor regulations specify monetary penalties for all labor infractions, and that specified penalties are high enough to serve as a deterrent. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to adequately enforce labor laws throughout the country, including in the informal sector, and collect and publish labor force statistics, which are necessary to calculate ILO labor inspector recommendations. + + + Provide sufficient human and financial resources to ensure that labor inspectors carry out routine inspections, including targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to high-risk sectors and patterns of serious incidents; that detected violations are reported, as required by law; and that labor inspectorate staff are paid at regular intervals. + + + Publish the data on initial training for new criminal investigators and refresher courses provided, number of criminal investigations conducted, prosecutions initiated, and convictions secured, and prosecute all perpetrators of child labor. + + + End state recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, including forced recruitment of children. + + + Investigate, prosecute, and impose penalties on perpetrators; and ensure that penalties are sufficiently high to deter future offenders. + + + Establish referral mechanisms between criminal law enforcement agencies and social services providers for victims of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that prosecutors and law enforcement officials are familiar with the prohibitions on the worst forms of child labor, are trained in implementing all laws related to child labor, and do not treat victims of commercial sexual exploitation as offenders. + + + Ensure that the Child Act’s minimum age of 18 years for voluntary military recruitment is enforced by ending all recruitment and use of children under age 18 by the South Sudan People's Defense Force, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement Army–In Opposition, or associated militias. + + + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor, and ensure mandates are clearly defined. + + + Ensure that the Technical Task Force on Anti-Human Trafficking and the South Sudan Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Commission are funded. + + + + + Ensure that policies, such as the Joint Action Plan to Prevent the Use of Child Soldiers, Article 2.1.10 of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, and the General Education Strategic Plan, are adequately funded and fully implemented. + + + + + Conduct a national child labor survey, including research to determine the activities carried out by children, to inform policies and social programs. + + + Ensure that children complete their primary education by resuming payment of teachers’ salaries and subsidizing other school-related costs, and by withdrawing government forces from occupied schools. + + + Improve access to education by addressing the lack of school infrastructure, including for pastoralist children; reducing school fees; and registering all children at birth. + + + Increase the scope of social programs to reach more children at risk of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and child soldiering. + + + Cooperate with child protection agencies, pursuant to Article 2.1.10 of the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan, to disarm, immediately release children in armed groups, and transfer them to appropriate social services providers. Ensure that the rehabilitation services provided to child soldiers are sufficient. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + + + Sri Lanka + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sri-lanka + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Sri Lanka made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government raised the minimum age for employment from 14 to 16 years, which is also the compulsory education age. It also took steps towards implementing the regulations on the Hazardous Occupations Regulations Gazette under the Employment of Women, Young Persons and Children Act, and developed a COVID-19 Child Vulnerability Survey. Furthermore, the government increased its number of labor inspectors from 494 to 588 and approved a new National Strategic Plan to Monitor and Combat Human Trafficking (2021–2025). Finally, the government implemented a cash transfer program for families who lost their income due to the COVID-19 pandemic and other social welfare programs targeting low-income households that are aimed at reducing the economic vulnerabilities of children. However, children in Sri Lanka are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, research indicates some victims of child trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation may be penalized for prostitution and other offenses rather than treated as victims. In addition, the labor inspectorate is not authorized to assess penalties for labor law violations. Some children in rural areas face barriers to accessing education, including difficulties in traveling to school in some regions and an inadequate number of teachers. Also, the government does not fully disaggregate criminal data, including cases investigated for forced child labor, child trafficking, child commercial sexual exploitation, and the use of children in illicit activities. + + + + 5-14 + 0.008 + 28515 + 0.421 + 0.219 + 0.36 + + + 5-14 + 0.98 + + + 7-14 + 0.009 + + + 1.024 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 2194101 + 588 + No + Unavailable + N/A + Yes + 44439 + 41374 + 6 + 6 + 6 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + 6 + 2 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited to children are comprehensive, including domestic work. + + + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for labor law violations. + + + Collect and publish information on labor law enforcement actions, including initial training for new labor inspectors, and on criminal law enforcement actions, including initial training for criminal investigators. + + + Collect and publish disaggregated information on the number of investigations and violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + Provide investigators with additional funding and adequate facilities, including transportation and facilities to record evidence, and human resources to adequately investigate forced labor, child trafficking, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Provide adequate staffing in the northern and eastern provinces for the labor inspectorate to carry out inspections. + + + Ensure that victims of child trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation are not punished for their involvement in child labor. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies related to child labor during the reporting period. + + + + + Ensure that the definition of child labor used in national child labor surveys to calculate child labor statistics clearly aligns with international standards. + + + Eliminate barriers to education, including difficulties with transportation to schools and an inadequate number of teachers. + + + Institute programs to address the risks of child labor in tea estates and in coastal, agricultural, mining, and firewood-producing areas. + + + Ensure that activities are undertaken to implement social programs to address child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Prevention and Reintegration of Children Involved in Armed Conflict: An Inter-Regional Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/GlobalChildSoldiers_FY03_CLOSED.pdf + + + Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work in Sri Lanka + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/promoting-fundamental-principles-and-rights-work-sri-lanka + + + Emergency Response to Child Labor in Selected Tsunami Affected Areas in Sri Lanka + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SriLanka_Tsunami_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Sudan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/sudan + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + Suriname + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/suriname + Latin America and the Caribbean + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Suriname made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government drafted and approved a new National Action Plan for the Prevention and Response to Trafficking in Persons. It also hired 20 new labor inspectors, increasing the size of the Labor Inspectorate from 50 to 70. However, children in Suriname are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Prohibitions related to the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards. In addition, the compulsory education age does not reach the minimum age for employment, leaving some children vulnerable to labor exploitation. Suriname also lacked targeted inspections in risk-prone sectors. + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.953 + + + 7-14 + 0.073 + + + 0.859 + + + + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 12 + No + No + + + + Unavailable + 70 + Yes + Yes + N/A + Yes + 400 + 400* + 0 + 0 + 2 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + Yes + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + No + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Increase the compulsory education age to at least age 16, the minimum age for work. + + + Ensure that all children, including children of foreign-born parents, have access to free public education. + + + Ratify the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + + + Publish information on Labor Inspectorate funding. + + + Ensure that the Labor Inspectorate is sufficiently funded to cover labor inspections in both the formal and informal sectors of the labor force. + + + Strengthen the Labor Inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on the analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors, such as in fisheries and the interior of the country, particularly in mining and agricultural areas in which child labor is likely to occur. + + + Increase the number of investigators responding to human trafficking cases, and allocate sufficient funding to ensure that criminal law enforcement officers have the resources necessary to conduct investigations, particularly in the interior of the country and informal mining areas. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Develop social programs to prevent and eradicate child labor in agriculture and mining and to improve secondary school attendance, particularly in the interior. + + + Strengthen social services and shelters to assist child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and human trafficking. + + + Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees, reducing transportation costs, increasing access to schools in remote locations, and removing requirements for documentation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + + + São Tomé and Príncipe + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/são-tomé-and-príncipe + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, São Tomé and Príncipe made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government launched the Girls Empowerment and Quality Education for All project, which aims to provide safe learning spaces, improve school infrastructure, and work with families and communities to empower girls with relevant life skills. The program also aims to increase school readiness for both boys and girls by substantially boosting education, in particular within the areas of literacy and numeracy. The government also created the Department of Child Protection, which is housed under the Directorate of Social Protection and Solidarity. The new department leads a multi-sector team focused on combating child labor. However, children in São Tomé and Príncipe are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Labor Code permits children younger than age 14 to work under certain circumstances, which is not consistent with international standards. Lastly, limited financial resources hampered law enforcement efforts, and criminal law enforcement did not take actions to combat child labor during the reporting period. In addition, the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor was not implemented due to a lack of financial resources. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.892 + + + 7-14 + 0.249 + + + 0.843 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15† + No + Yes + + + + 25000 + 4 + Yes + N/A + N/A + No + 60 + 60 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + N/A + No + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work of age 15 applies to all children. + + + Adopt legislation defining the activities and conditions permissible for light work. + + + Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children who are self-employed. + + + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + + + Provide inspectors and investigators with appropriate training, and equip labor inspectors and criminal investigators with the necessary resources to conduct inspections, including fuel and transportation. + + + + + Ensure the Anti-Child Labor Committee is able to carry out its intended mandate. + + + + + Adopt policies to address the worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + + + Implement programs that specifically target child labor in agriculture. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Decent Work Country Program during the reporting period. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Supporting Actions to Meet the 2015 Targets to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Lusophone Countries in Africa Through Knowledge, Awareness Raising and South-South Cooperation + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-actions-meet-2015-targets-eliminate-worst-forms-child-labour-lusophone + + + + + Taiwan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/taiwan + + + Fish + No + Yes + No + + + + + Tajikistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tajikistan + + + Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + Tanzania + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tanzania + Sub-Saharan Africa + Yes + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, The United Republic of Tanzania made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Zanzibar Government increased funding of its labor inspectorate and hired an additional 16 labor inspectors. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Tanzania is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The Mainland Government explicitly supports the routine expulsion of pregnant students from public schools, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Tanzania are subjected to the worst forms of child Iabor, including in mining, quarrying, and domestic work, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Mainland Government did not publicly release information on its labor and criminal law enforcement efforts. Other gaps remain in the legal framework and enforcement of laws related to child labor, including protections for child engagement in illicit activities and domestic work; the lack of authorization for the labor inspectorate to assess penalties; and the likely insufficient number of labor inspectors for the size of Tanzania’s labor force. + + + Cloves + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Nile Perch (fish) + Yes + No + No + + + Sisal + Yes + No + No + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Tanzanite (gems) + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.293 + 3573467 + 0.941 + 0.01 + 0.049 + + + 5-14 + 0.743 + + + 7-14 + 0.246 + + + 0.68 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + No + + No + No + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + No + 14 + No + No + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + No + 15 + No + No + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + No + + No + No + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + No + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + No + No + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + No + 13 + No + No + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + No + 13 + No + No + + + + + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + 20171 + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + 27 + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + No + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + No + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + No + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + N/A + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + N/A + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + No + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + 339 + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + 339 + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + 0 + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + N/A + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + N/A + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + + + + Mainland and Zanzibar + Mainland and Zanzibar + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + + + + All Territories + All Territories + No + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + No + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + N/A + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + N/A + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + 0 + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + 0 + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + N/A + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Unavailable + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + 0 + + + + + Mainland + Mainland + Yes + + + Zanzibar + Zanzibar + Yes + + + + + + + Ensure that minimum age protections apply to all children, including those engaged in domestic work. + + + Expand the list of hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children to ensure that the list includes weeding and processing in the production of tobacco, cloves, coffee, sisal, and tea. + + + Criminalize the use of children in illicit activities, particularly in producing and trafficking drugs. + + + Criminalize the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law a compulsory age for education, which leaves no gap between the age of compulsory education and minimum age for work. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Authorize Mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar labor inspectorates to assess penalties. + + + Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and refresher courses. + + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts. + + + Ensure the appointment of a dedicated labor officer for each region, and publish this information. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet ILO’s technical advice. + + + Provide sufficient funding to ensure adequate enforcement of labor laws. + + + Institutionalize training for criminal law enforcement investigators, including by training new investigators. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating committees are active and able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Implement the National Strategy on Elimination of Child Labor. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Plan of Action to End Violence Against Women and Children in Tanzania during the reporting period. + + + Eliminate provisions in the Primary School Leaving Examination that are barriers to education, such as the no re-take policy. + + + Incorporate child labor prevention and elimination strategies, and ensure the full implementation of the Zanzibar Education Policy to limit dropouts. + + + + + End legal restrictions that limit the sharing of information related to child labor. + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible to all children in Tanzania by ensuring adequate resources for children with disabilities and learning disorders, increasing resources for teachers, classrooms, food, and sanitation facilities, while defraying informal costs imposed onto families, including school uniforms, books, and other learning materials. + + + Ensure that schools do not prohibit access to education for pregnant girls. + + + Improve harmonization of child labor prevention and elimination measures into the Social Action Fund Conditional Cash Transfer Program to increase its effectiveness in preventing and eliminating child labor. + + + Integrate programs that include the construction, mining, quarrying, domestic service, fishing, and informal sectors to address children engaged in child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations + + + WEKEZA: Wezesha Ustawi, Endeleza Kiwango cha Elimu Kuzia Ajira kwa Watoto/ INVEST: Supporting Livelihoods and Developing Quality Education to Stop Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/wekeza-wezesha-ustawi-endeleza-kiwango-cha-elimu-kuzia-ajira-kwa-watoto-invest + + + Tanzania Education Alternatives for Children (TEACH) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TEACH_closed_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Tanzania - Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TBP_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Education Component of the Timebound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Tanzania_TBP_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Supporting the Time-Bound Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Tanzania + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/supporting-time-bound-program-worst-forms-child-labor-tanzania + + + + + Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/thailand + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Thailand made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government made its Thailand Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force into a permanent agency, and led the biggest and most successful online child sexual exploitation sting operations in Thailand. The government also collaborated closely with U.S. law enforcement agencies and other partners, leading to 97 arrests for the commercial sexual exploitation of children and the rescue of 43 children. In total, Thai police rescued 72 children from commercial sexual exploitation in 2020. In addition, the government enacted a law that sets the minimum age for workers employed as deep sea divers at 18 years old and proposed an amendment allowing teenage children of boat captains to intern only on their family's fishing boats. The government also piloted its first shelter to provide services specifically to LGBTQI+ victims. However, children in Thailand are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children, some as young as age 12, also participate for remuneration in Muay Thai competitions, an area of hazardous work in which there is evidence of serious head injuries. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas during the reporting period, it does not meet the international standard for the minimum age for work because the law does not grant protections to children working outside of formal employment relationships. Enforcement of child labor laws also remains a challenge due to an insufficient number of inspectors and resources to physically inspect remote workplaces in informal sectors. + + + Fish + No + Yes + No + + + Garments + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + Shrimp + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.13 + 1302267 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.963 + + + 7-14 + 0.144 + + + 0.944 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 1135774 + 1889 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 39723 + 39723 + 10 + 10 + 10 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + 26 + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ensure that the minimum age for work applies to children working outside of employment relationships. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Ensure that the hazardous occupations and activities prohibited for children are comprehensive and include sectors in which child labor is known to occur, including paid participation in Muay Thai, in which there is evidence that children are exposed to physical dangers. + + + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO's technical guidance. + + + Collect and publish comprehensive data on the number of investigations conducted and convictions for all crimes related to child labor, including the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure provincial government and court officials are provided adequate training on human trafficking issues—specifically in cases of male children in commercial sexual exploitation—to afford boys the same protections as girls. + + + Ensure law enforcement officials report all human trafficking incidences. + + + Ensure labor inspectors are provided training necessary to conduct inspections at remote informal sector workplaces, including in agriculture and domestic work. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Improve access to education, especially for ethnic minority and migrant children, including by clarifying to school officials, either under the Ministry of Education or local governments, the necessary documents non-Thai students need to submit for enrollment, raising awareness of migrant children's right to education, and addressing language barriers for non-Thai speaking students, including on public school applications. Ensure Migrant Learning Centers are accredited. + + + Conduct research and data prevalence surveys to ensure that there are sufficient social programs to address child labor in the agriculture, garment manufacturing, domestic work, and construction sectors. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient social programs to assist children from vulnerable groups, such as migrant children, who are at high risk of the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient social programs to assist children from vulnerable groups, such as LGBTQI+ children, who face additional barriers to education that may increase their risk of dropping out of school and engaging in child labor. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Attaining Lasting Change (ATLAS) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/attaining-lasting-change-atlas + + + Combating Child Trafficking for Labor and Sexual Exploitation (TICSA PHASE II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAsia_Trafficking_TICSA_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Assessing the Situation of Children in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_DrugTrafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Program to Combat Child Labor in the Footwear Sector in Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand Phase I + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegSouthEastAsia_Footwear_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Fair Fish: Fostering Accountability in Recruitment for Fishery Workers + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/fair-fish-fostering-accountability-recruitment-fishery-workers + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Shrimp and Seafood Processing Areas in Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/combating-worst-forms-child-labour-shrimp-and-seafood-processing-areas-thailand + + + Support for National Action to Combat Child Labor and its Worst Forms in Thailand + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_CECL%26Trafficking_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Thailand Sex Trafficking Task Force: Prevention and Placement + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_TraffickingTaskForce_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + The North and Northeast Program to Prevent Child Labor and Forced Child Prostitution, Phases 1 & 2 + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Thailand_Trafficking_PhasesI%26II_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Timor-Leste + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/timor-leste + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Timor-Leste made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Inter-Agency Trafficking Working Group continued work on the draft decree that outlines the roles and responsibilities of the yet-to-be established Anti-Trafficking Commission, and the National Commission Against Child Labor met regularly throughout the year. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Timor-Leste is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement due to a continued practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. While no law or policy prohibits pregnant girls from attending school, reports during the reporting period indicate that orders from school principals forced girls to leave school when they became pregnant, making them more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children in Timor-Leste are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in agriculture. + + + + 5-14 + 0.123 + 40337 + 0.369 + 0.073 + 0.558 + + + 5-14 + 0.837 + + + 7-14 + 0.124 + + + 1.052 + + + + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + No + 17 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + 246000 + 26 + Yes + N/A + N/A + No + 1200 + Unavailable + 0 + 0 + 0 + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + N/A + Yes + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + Yes + N/A + + + + + Ensure that the law protects children between the ages of 17 and 18 from engagement in all the worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation, illicit activities, and hazardous work. + + + Ensure that children receive adequate training specific to the type of work they are undertaking, and ensure that their health, safety, and morals are protected in accordance with international minimum age standards for hazardous work. + + + Raise the minimum age for hazardous work to 18 to meet international standards. + + + Ensure that the List of Hazardous Occupations and Activities Prohibited for Children is harmonized with the Labor Code and Penal Code. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities in which light work may be undertaken. + + + Finalize the implementation regulations and guidance on the 2017 Law on Preventing and Combating Human Trafficking. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Ensure that a budget is passed in a timely fashion and allows sufficient funding of the Secretariat of State for Professional Training and Employment Policy to carry out labor inspections. + + + Ensure that the Secretariat of State for Professional Training and Employment Policy is staffed with the appropriate number of labor inspectors to conduct the targeted number of labor inspections. + + + Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement officials receive sufficient training related to the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking victim assistance. + + + Ensure that the Secretariat of State for Professional Training and Employment Policy has the legal authority to conduct inspections in the informal sector, including on family farms and domestic work. + + + Ensure that labor and criminal law enforcement agencies receive sufficient funding to carry out inspections and investigations, especially in rural areas of Timor-Leste, including funding for vehicles and fuel. + + + Publish labor law enforcement information, including the number of labor inspections conducted at worksites and the number of routine inspections conducted. + + + Ensure that the Vulnerable Persons Unit receives funding to carry out investigations. + + + Finalize and disseminate standard operating procedures related to human trafficking victim identification. + + + Ensure that criminal and civil cases are tried in a timely manner, including the 2018 case against the Liquica District Administrator, and that cases of human trafficking are properly classified. + + + Collect, disaggregate, and publish criminal law enforcement data related to human trafficking. + + + Investigate, prosecute, and convict perpetrators of the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Ensure the establishment of the Anti-Human Trafficking Commission. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement key policies to address child labor during the reporting period. + + + Adopt the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor. + + + Finalize and adopt the National Action Plan on Combating Human Trafficking. + + + + + Create a centralized database to capture human trafficking data that is accessible to all relevant government stakeholders. + + + Improve access to education by eliminating school related fees, making schools accessible for children with disabilities, and providing safe and healthy sanitation facilities, especially for girls. + + + Ensure that the Ministry of Education draft policy encouraging female students to return to school after giving birth is approved, and that a policy providing education for girls during their pregnancy is drafted. + + + Ensure that pregnant girls have access to education, including transfer documents. + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Child Labor Education and Outreach Program, Services for Street Children, Mother’s Purse (Bolsa da Mãe), and Casa Vida social programs during the reporting period. + + + Institute programs to address child labor and the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Measurement, Awareness-Raising, and Policy Engagement (MAP 16) Project on Child Labor and Forced Labor + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/measurement-awareness-raising-and-policy-engagement-map-16-project-child-labor-and + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + + + Togo + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/togo + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Togo made moderate advancement in its efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government adopted a National Action Plan for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor and passed a ministerial decree, which defined and prohibited hazardous work for children under 18 years old. In addition, the government intercepted 250 children at risk of human trafficking at the border and provided them social services. However, children in Togo are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in domestic work. The government has not devoted sufficient resources to combat child labor, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties for child labor violations. In addition, the government does not publish data related to its efforts to criminal enforcement of child labor laws. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.861 + + + 7-14 + 0.295 + + + 0.884 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + 73162 + 128 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 569 + 126 + 22 + 8 + 0 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + N/A + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that written law prohibits children from performing all types of hazardous labor. + + + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by authorizing labor inspectors to assess penalties. + + + Publish information about the number and type of inspections conducted, violations found, and the number of child labor penalties that were imposed and collected. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have the time and resources to carry out their primary duties of inspection and monitoring of labor laws throughout the country, including in the informal sector. + + + Publish data on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of investigations conducted, criminal violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions obtained, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal investigators have sufficient financial and physical resources to adequately enforce criminal laws against child labor. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement officials receive training, including on new laws and refresher courses, and that all regional offices have copies of relevant laws related to child labor. + + + Enforce legal penalties for criminal violations, such as child trafficking. + + + Provide information on government actions based on Allo 1011 complaints. + + + Ensure that court system processes for addressing child trafficking are timely so as not to deter victims from reporting. + + + Address issues of poor recordkeeping and high investigator turnover to ensure solid adequate enforcement capacity. + + + + + Provide coordinating bodies with sufficient resources to implement their mandates to combat child labor. + + + Fully implement any agreement signed to protect child trafficking. + + + + + Ensure that programs undertake intended projects and report on these activities, including for the National Development Plan. + + + Implement a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Increase access to education by eliminating school-related fees; ensuring that schools are free from sexual and physical violence; and increasing the number of schools. + + + Ensure that social protection programs to combat child labor receive adequate funding and are sufficient to address the scope of the problem in all relevant sectors. + + + Ensure that social protection programs to combat child labor receive adequate funding and are sufficient to address the scope of the problem in all relevant sectors. + + + Ensure that child labor elimination and prevention strategies are integrated into all relevant programs. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Sector Plan. + + + Ensure that social programs target commercial sexual exploitation and domestic work in addition to alleviating poverty and promoting education. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor Exploitation in West and Central Africa, Phase 1 & 2 (LUTRENA) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/WestandCentralAfr_LUTRENA_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor in Togo Through Education (TBP Preparatory Project) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Togo_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Child Trafficking in Togo Through Education (COMBAT) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Togo_COMBAT_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Tokelau + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tokelau + Indo-Pacific + No + No Advancement + Although research found no evidence that child labor exists in Tokelau, in 2020 the government made no advancement in efforts to prevent the worst forms of child labor. The government has not established adequate legal protections to prevent the worst forms of child labor, as the law does not criminally prohibit forced labor and child trafficking. In addition, Tokelau has not established a minimum age for work and does not prohibit hazardous occupations for children. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Establish a minimum age for work that meets international standards and conformsto the compulsory education age. + + + Establish age 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work and determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for children under age 18 in consultation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. + + + Establish laws that criminally prohibit forced labor, including slavery. + + + Ensure that laws prohibit the trafficking of children domestically and internationally for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor, and do not require the use of force to be established for the crime of trafficking. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use, procuring, and offering a child for prostitution, the production of pornography, and pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that laws criminally prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy during the reporting period. + + + + + Establish a reliable transportation program to ensure that children are able to attend school. + + + + + NA + Yes + NA + + + + Tonga + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tonga + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Tonga made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government ratified International Labor Organization Convention 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labor. In addition, the government released the results of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, the first nationwide survey on children and women in Tonga. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Tonga is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continued to implement a practice that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. Research indicates that there are no labor inspectors and there is no legal authority to conduct labor inspections. Labor inspections are a key tool for identifying child labor violations, and their absence makes children more vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. Children are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in farming and fishing. Gaps in the legal framework also remain; the country has no laws specifying a minimum age for work or defining hazardous forms of work for children under age 18, leaving children unprotected from labor exploitation. In addition, the government has not integrated child labor elimination and prevention strategies into relevant policies to address child labor, including its worst forms. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.946 + + + 7-14 + 0.478 + + + 1.161 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + + 0 + 0 + N/A + No + N/A + No + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + N/A + N/A + N/A + N/A + Yes + No + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + 0 + 0 + 0 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Accede to the Palermo Protocol. + + + Establish labor regulations that include a minimum age of 15 for employment and a minimum age of 18 for hazardous work, in accordance with international standards. + + + Create and publish a list ofhazardous occupations and activities that are prohibited for children. + + + Ensure that laws specifically prohibit domestic human trafficking of children. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits forced labor, including debt bondage and slavery. + + + Ensure that laws prohibit all forms of commercial sexual exploitation for both girls and boys under age 18. + + + Ensure that the law prohibitsthe use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Hire and train labor inspectors to conduct workplace inspections and enforce child labor laws, including the position of Chief Labor Inspector. + + + Establish and funda labor inspectorate with the authority to conduct labor inspections, including routine inspections rather than performing inspections solely based on complaints received, andassess penalties for child labor violations. + + + Provide labor authorities and criminal investigators with the training and resources necessary to enforce laws prohibiting child labor, including laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and conduct refresher courses. + + + Establish formal referral mechanisms among the labor authorities, the police, and social welfare services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement activities, efforts, and relevant data. + + + + + Establish a coordinating mechanism to combat the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the United Nations Pacific Strategy (2018–2022) during the reporting period. + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies intorelevant policies. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including its worst forms, to inform policies and programs. + + + Update all school buildings to ensure accessibility for students with disabilities. + + + Implement social programs to address all worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, agriculture, and fishing. + + + + + Yes + Yes + No + + + + Tunisia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tunisia + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Tunisia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Ministry of Social Affairs published a list of hazardous work that is prohibited for children. The Ministry of Education also introduced a new Second Chance program for children who dropped out of school that would assist them in either completing their education or receiving vocational training. In addition, the government provided cash transfers to families to help mitigate the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, children in Tunisia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced labor in domestic work and begging, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in scavenging for garbage and in street work. The law’s minimum age protections cannot be enforced with respect to children who are engaged in work on inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the property owner, a complaint to child protection delegates, or a court order to access the property. The government provided partial data on its criminal law enforcement efforts for inclusion in this report. + + + + 5-14 + 0.03 + 50364 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.942 + + + 7-14 + 0.028 + + + 0.951 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 329 + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + 94 + 82 + 17 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Provide adequate staff and other resources, including fuel and transportation, to enable the labor inspectorate to conduct a greater number of inspections, particularly in remote areas and in the informal economy. + + + Ensure that mechanisms exist to enforce the minimum age protections for children working on inhabited premises, such as private homes, without permission of the property owner or a court order. + + + Collect and publish information related to the enforcement of child labor laws, including the funding of the labor inspectorate, the training of labor inspectors, the number and types of labor inspections conducted, and the number of child labor violations found, penalties imposed, and penalties collected. + + + Collect and publish information on criminal law enforcement of child labor laws, including on law enforcement training and the number of criminal child labor investigations that were initiated, violations identified, prosecutions initiated, convictions secured, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. + + + Increase penalties for those who employ children in violation of child labor law protections to deter potential violations and reduce recidivism. + + + Ensure that law enforcement and the judiciary are fully informed as to the existence and application of anti-trafficking penalties, and impose when appropriate. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Publish information on whether all social policies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Publish the microdata of the 2017 National Child Labor Survey so that the information can inform programming and policies. + + + Address barriers to education, especially for children in rural areas, such as unreliable transportation, household poverty, and physical violence in schools. + + + Ensure that social programs have sufficient resources to carry out their mandates. + + + Expand existing programs to fully address the scope of the child labor problem, including in agriculture, fishing, commerce, manufacturing, domestic work, and construction. + + + Establish long-term support and relocation options for victims of child labor and trafficking in persons. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Research on Child Labor Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-research-child-labor-measurement-and-policy-development-map + + + + + Turkey + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/turkey + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Piloting the USDA Guidelines in the Hazelnut Supply Chain in Turkey + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/piloting-usda-guidelines-hazelnut-supply-chain-turkey-0 + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor through Education in Turkey + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Turkey_EI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Turkey – Supporting the Timebound National Policy and Program for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Turkey + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Turkey_TBP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Citrus Fruits + Yes + No + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Cumin + Yes + No + No + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Furniture + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + No + No + + + Hazelnuts + Yes + No + No + + + Peanuts + Yes + No + No + + + Pulses (legumes) + Yes + No + No + + + Sugar Beets + Yes + No + No + + + + + Turkmenistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/turkmenistan + + + Cotton + Yes + Yes + No + + + + + Tuvalu + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/tuvalu + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Tuvalu made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, the government, with support from UNICEF, conducted the 2019–2020 Tuvalu Social Development Indicator Survey to assess the prevalence and cause of child labor. The government also secured a Global Partnership for Education grant to help develop remote learning materials and provide teachers with training on remote learning interventions. In addition, the government finalized the 2017 Child Care and Welfare Bill, which, if passed, will be the first law in Tuvalu to have comprehensive provisions for issues related to children's rights, including child labor. However, although research is limited, there is evidence that children in Tuvalu engage in child labor in fishing and domestic work. The government has not specified, by national law or regulation, the types of hazardous work prohibited for children, leaving children vulnerable to the worst forms of child labor. In addition, Tuvalu lacks information on labor law and criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.787 + + + + No + Yes + No + No + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + 4 + Unavailable + No + N/A + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 0 + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography. + + + Accede to the Palermo Protocol. + + + Determine the types of hazardous work prohibited for all children in consultation with employers' and workers’ organizations. + + + Ensure that the law prescribes a harsher punishment for individuals involved in the trafficking of children than for those involved in the trafficking of adults. + + + Establish by law free basic public education. + + + + + Publish labor law enforcement information, including labor inspectorate funding, ability to assess penalties, the number of labor inspections conducted, number of labor inspections conducted at worksite, number of child labor violations found, number of child labor violations for which penalties were imposed, number of child labor penalties imposed that were collected, whether routine inspections were conducted, and whether unannounced inspections were conducted. + + + Institutionalize training for labor inspectors, including by training new labor inspectors at the beginning of their employment and providing refresher courses. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including initial training for new criminal investigators, training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, whether refresher courses were provided, number of investigations related to the worst forms of child labor, number of violations found, number of prosecutions initiated, and number of imposed penalties for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the Tuvalu Human Rights National Action Plan (2016–2020) during the reporting period. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor, including in the fishing sector, to inform policies and programs. + + + Institute programs to address child labor in the fishing sector. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Uganda + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uganda + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Uganda made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Uganda launched new policies to address the worst forms of child labor, including an action plan to combat trafficking in persons and a child protection policy that prioritizes the elimination of child labor. In partnership with international stakeholders, Uganda also began implementing the Accelerating Action for the Elimination of Child Labor in Supply Chains in Africa program, specifically targeting child labor in coffee and tea production. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Uganda is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued a practice that delays advancement to eliminate child labor. The government failed to prosecute, convict, and sentence public officials, including police and immigration officers, who participate in or facilitate the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. Children in Uganda are subjected to the worst forms of child labor in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in gold mining. Gaps in the legal framework persist, including inadequate laws regulating the minimum age for employment and hazardous work. In addition, the lack of a centralized supervisory authority along with inadequate funding, training, and resources, hampered the capacity of law enforcement agencies to conduct child labor inspections and investigations. Finally, the government has not taken steps to implement its National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor. + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Charcoal + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Gold + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Sand + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Vanilla + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.222 + 2525644 + 0.949 + 0.018 + 0.033 + + + 5-14 + 0.851 + + + 7-14 + 0.259 + + + 0.527 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + No + 16 + No + No + + + No + 18 + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 13‡ + No + No + + + + 320000 + 168 + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + 421 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + + + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that all children are protected by a consistent minimum age for work law, including children who do not work under a formal employment relationship. + + + Ensure that only minors age 16 and older who have received adequate, specific instruction or vocational training are permitted to perform hazardous work, and that their health, safety, and morals are fully protected. + + + Align the definition of child trafficking in the Children (Amendment) Act with international standards by ensuring that force, fraud, or coercion are not required elements in child trafficking cases. + + + Ensure that the law requires free, compulsory education up to age 16 so that it is commensurate with the minimum age for work. + + + + + Publish information on trainings offered to inspectors, worksite inspections conducted, number of child labor violations found, number of child labor penalties imposed, and number of penalties collected. + + + Enhance the authority of the labor inspectorate by enabling it to assess penalties and ensure the inspectorate is using its existing authorities to inspect private farms and homes and to conduct sufficient routine and unannounced inspections. + + + Provide sufficient training to labor inspectors, initial training to new criminal investigators, and refresher training to existing investigators, to ensure that officials understand and are able to identify, categorize, and investigate child labor cases. + + + Provide the labor inspectorate with sufficient funding and resources at the district level to ensure that inspectors are present in all districts and are able to carry out their duties. + + + Improve coordination between national and district-level child labor enforcement bodies to ensure that relevant data are shared and child labor inspections are prioritized across the country. + + + Ensure that child labor cases reach the Industrial Court and that penalties are assessed by addressing monitoring issues and improving the court's reach outside urban centers. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Publish disaggregated data on number of investigations, violations, prosecutions initiated, convictions achieved, and penalties imposed for the worst forms of child labor. + + + Significantly increase efforts to investigate, prosecute, and, as appropriate, convict and sentence government officials for their role in the worst forms of child labor, including child trafficking. + + + Strengthen mechanisms for following up on child labor claims and referring street children, including potential human trafficking victims, to social services providers, and prevent these children from being detained and abused by police. + + + Increase the capacity of criminal law enforcement agencies to respond to the worst forms of child labor by dedicating more personnel to worst forms of child labor cases and improving training for criminal law enforcement staff. + + + + + Ensure that coordinating mechanisms are active and sufficiently funded to be able to operate and carry out their mandates. + + + + + Ensure that district labor action plans reflect the Ministry of Gender, Labor, and Social Development's priorities. + + + Ensure that existing policies addressing child labor are implemented as intended. + + + + + Enhance efforts to eliminate barriers and make education accessible for all children by eliminating costs for supplies, uniforms, and materials; addressing physical and sexual violence; and ensuring sufficient teachers, infrastructure, and transportation in rural areas. + + + Enhance efforts to ensure that refugee children have equal access to educational opportunities by addressing gender-based violence and exploitation, harassment, and refugee discrimination; accommodating the language needs of refugee students; and ensuring that there are well-equipped schools accessible to refugee settlements. + + + Ensure the availability of shelters for victims of child labor, including child trafficking victims. + + + Expand existing social programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, particularly in mining and commercial sexual exploitation, in all areas of the country. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/country-level-engagement-and-assistance-reduce-child-labor-clear + + + Strengthening the Evidence Base on Child Labor Through Expanded Data Collection, Data Analysis, and Research-Based Global Reports + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_StrengtheningEvidenceBase_FY08_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Combating Exploitive Labor Through Education in Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Ethiopia Together (KURET) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegionalCA_CCL_CLOSED.pdf + + + Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa + + + Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + African Youth Empowerment and Development Initiative (AYEDI) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/african-youth-empowerment-and-development-initiative-ayedi-0 + + + Project of Support for the Preparatory Phase of the Uganda National Action Plan for the Elimination of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_TBP_Prep_0.pdf + + + Livelihoods, Education and Protection to End Child Labor in Uganda (L.E.A.P.) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_LEAP_0.pdf + + + Opportunities for Reducing Adolescent and Child Labor through Education (O.R.A.C.L.E.) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_ORACLE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Uganda + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Uganda_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + SIMPOC: National Survey + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/simpoc-national-survey-0 + + + Combating and Preventing HIV/AIDS-Induced Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa: Pilot Action in Uganda and Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_HIVAIDS_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Ukraine + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/ukraine + Europe and Eurasia + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Law that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Ukraine made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. During the reporting period, Ukraine’s Cabinet of Ministers adopted a resolution implementing a risk-based approach to conducting planned inspections, including the use of child labor as one of the criteria for assessing risk. It also implemented measures to address undocumented work, including signing a Memorandum of Understanding on decent work with the International Labor Organization. The number of labor inspectors increased significantly from 2019, and the government reported that all inspections were unannounced. However, despite new initiatives to address child labor, Ukraine is receiving an assessment of minimal advancement because it continues to implement a regression in law that delayed advancement in eliminating the worst forms of child labor. In August 2019, the government issued Cabinet of Ministers Decree No. 823, which requires that businesses receive notification at least 5 working days in advance of an onsite labor inspection where previously no such notification was required. Although unannounced inspections reportedly took place during the reporting period, the decree remains in place. Children in Ukraine are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in the production of pornography. Children also perform dangerous tasks in mining. Children living in the Russia-controlled Donbas region of eastern Ukraine and Russia-occupied Crimea are increasingly vulnerable to exploitation as the government of Ukraine does not have control over these regions and is therefore not able to address the worst forms of child labor due to the ongoing conflict. The government also collected few of the financial penalties imposed for child labor violations and lacked social programs designed to assist children engaged in hazardous work in mining. + + + Amber + Yes + No + No + + + Coal + Yes + No + No + + + Pornography + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.097 + 385204 + 0.97 + 0.005 + 0.025 + + + 5-14 + 0.972 + + + 7-14 + 0.12 + + + 1.026 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 17‡ + No + Yes + + + + 16300000 + 1815 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 14803 + 14803 + 49 + 49 + 10 + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 262 + 188 + 188 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Prohibit all children under age 16 from working in hazardous occupations during vocational training. + + + Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. + + + + + Strengthen the labor inspection system by removing restrictions on labor inspectors' authority to conduct unannounced onsite inspections, both proactively and in response to complaints. + + + Authorize the State Labor Service to enforce collection of delinquent penalties to ensure that all penalties imposed are collected. + + + Ensure that all labor inspectors, including those working outside the capital, receive training on child trafficking. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors employed by regional governments receive adequate training that is consistent with that provided to labor inspectors employed by the State Labor Service. + + + Increase funding for the State Labor Service to ensure that the labor inspectorate has adequate capacity to address the scope of the child labor problem. + + + Track and publish data on the number of convictions and penalties imposed for criminal violations of child labor laws. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + Establish coordinating mechanisms to combat all worst forms of child labor. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, including hazardous child labor in mining. + + + Implement all policies addressing child labor, including the National Action Plan for Implementation of UN CRC and the Resolution on the Social Protection of Children and Urgent Measures to Protect the Rights of the Child. + + + + + Conduct research to gather comprehensive data on child labor, including the activities carried out by children working in mining, farming, raising animals, and construction, to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that state-run child care facilities and orphanages protect the health and well-being of children living there. + + + Ensure that refugee children are allowed to receive services at state-run children's shelters and can be registered at birth. + + + Establish a procedure to implement the law empowering any civil registry office to issue a Ukrainian birth registration on the basis of a birth certificate issued in the areas of Donetsk and Luhansk under the control of Russia-led forces. + + + Develop programs to ensure that Roma children are registered at birth and are able to access education. + + + Allocate resources and trained personnel to assist with child victims of sexual exploitation in all state-run facilities that serve children in need. + + + Expand educational opportunities for children without internet access and those with special needs. + + + Ensure that there are sufficient resources for the Centers for Social Services for Family, Youth, and Children for child victims of human trafficking. + + + Implement social programs to assist children subjected to all forms of child labor, including mining. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Combating Trafficking and Other Worst Forms of Child Labor in Central and Eastern Europe (Phase II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase2_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Trafficking in Children for Labor and Sexual Exploitation in the Balkans and Ukraine + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CEE_Trafficking_Phase1_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + + + Uruguay + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uruguay + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + + + Uzbekistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/uzbekistan + Indo-Pacific + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Uzbekistan made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government took active measures to prevent the use of child labor in the cotton harvest, including by eliminating the harvest quotas that were historically a root cause of child and forced labor in Uzbekistan. The government also cooperated with civil society activists to detect labor exploitation in the annual cotton harvest, created an action plan to implement international recommendations on eliminating the worst forms of child labor, and expanded efforts to raise awareness during the cotton cultivation season about child and forced labor prohibitions. In addition, lawmakers adopted a new law on trafficking in persons that strengthened protection for human trafficking victims, including child trafficking victims. However, children in Uzbekistan are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation. Although the government made meaningful efforts in all relevant areas, laws prohibiting the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards. Uzbekistan also has not carried out a national child labor survey to determine the prevalence of child labor in sectors other than cotton production. + + + Cotton + No + Yes + No + + + Silk Cocoons + No + Yes + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.043 + 244095 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.841 + + + 7-14 + 0.05 + + + 1.056 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18‡ + No + Yes + + + + 142000 + 344 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 5154 + 5154 + 2 + 2 + 2 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + Yes + Yes + 12 + 13 + 8 + 6 + Yes + Yes + + + + + Criminally prohibit and penalize the use of a child for prostitution. + + + Ensure that the law’s light work provisions specify the activities and conditions in which children who have not yet completed their compulsory schooling may work. + + + + + Continue to increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors conduct self-initiated unannounced inspections in all sectors, including at private enterprises, even if no complaint has been filed. + + + Thoroughly investigate all potential criminal cases involving the worst forms of child labor and, when sufficient evidence exists, refer violations for criminal prosecution. + + + Extend the statute of limitations on forced labor crimes to enable criminal law enforcement to criminally prosecute perpetrators found to have forcibly mobilized labor repeatedly over multiple years. + + + + + Designate standard mechanisms for communication between external stakeholders and national coordinating bodies to facilitate coordination of efforts to combat forced labor and sex trafficking. + + + Ensure that local NGOs monitoring child labor, forced labor, and other labor rights issues are able to register, and sanction officials who harass, intimidate, or abuse labor rights activists. + + + + + Ensure that local officials do not establish or enforce contractually mandated cotton production targets. + + + Monitor implementation of the new cluster system to ensure farmers are not coerced to enter into contracts with certain clusters or produce cotton under terms that create high risk for exploitative labor. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that schools do not charge informal fees to students or their families. + + + Expand programs to address the worst forms of child labor in sectors other than cotton harvesting. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Central Asia Regional (CAR) Capacity Building Project: Regional Program on the Worst Forms of Child Labor + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CentralAsiaRep_CapacityBldg_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Support for the Implementation of the Decent Work Country Programme in Uzbekistan + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/support-implementation-decent-work-country-programme-uzbekistan + + + + + Vanuatu + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/vanuatu + Indo-Pacific + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, Vanuatu made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the government increased access to education by granting a school-fee exemption for the 2020 academic year, in addition to other measures such as increasing Internet capacity in schools for online schooling. The government also reconvened the National Children Protection Working Group. Although research is limited, children in Vanuatu are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in dangerous tasks in forestry. Vanuatu’s minimum age for hazardous work is too low to comply with international standards. Vanuatu also lacks a referral mechanism between criminal authorities and social services providers. In addition, the Government of Vanuatu did not respond to requests for information for this report. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.917 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + + Unavailable + 4 + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + No + No + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + 50 + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + + + + + Ratify the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that the minimum age for hazardous work is age 18. + + + Determine by national law or regulation the types of hazardous work prohibited for children after consultation with employers' and workers' organizations. + + + Ensure that the law protects children ages 12 and 13 employed in light agricultural work by specifying the hours per week that are allowed. + + + Ensure that the law prohibits the use, procuring, or offering of a child for pornographic performances. + + + Ensure that the law specifically prohibits the use of children in illicit activities, including in the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure that the law criminalizes the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish a law providing free basic public education. + + + Establish by law an age up to which education is compulsory that extends to the minimum age for work. + + + + + Publish information on child labor law enforcement efforts undertaken, including labor inspectorate funding, the number and type of labor inspections conducted, violations found, and penalties imposed and collected. + + + Strengthen the labor inspectorate by ensuring the ability to assess penalties and initiating targeted inspections based on analysis of data related to risk-prone sectors and patterns of serious incidents. + + + Train labor inspectors on enforcing child labor laws, train criminal investigators on enforcing laws prohibiting the worst forms of child labor, and make the results of these efforts public. + + + Publish information on the number of criminal law enforcement efforts undertaken, including the number of investigations conducted, violations found, prosecutions initiated, convictions made, and penalties imposed. + + + Establish and sufficiently fund referral mechanisms among the Department of Labor, the Vanuatu Police Force, and social welfare services to protect and rehabilitate children involved in child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Ensure that the Child Desk has adequate financial and human resources to develop and integrate national planning initiatives for child protection policies. + + + Ensure that all complaints of child labor are investigated, regardless of who lodges the complaint. + + + Ensure complaint mechanisms exist between labor authorities and social services and between criminal authorities and social services. + + + + + Establish a coordinating mechanism to combat child labor, including its worst forms. + + + Establish inter-agency protocols and a referral and coordination mechanism between Kastom and government child protection services. + + + Ensure that the National Children Protection Working Group is sufficiently funded by the government, and that the Group drafts and implements a national policy on eliminating commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + + + Ensure that all policies are allocated funding and implemented as intended to address all relevant worst forms of child labor, including the commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Ensure that social services providers are registered and follow a standard set of procedures in providing care to vulnerable children. + + + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs, including in forestry and agriculture. + + + Increase access to education for children living in remote locations. + + + Ensure that the Education School Fee Grant program is active, sufficiently funded, and contains child labor elimination policies or efforts. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Venezuela + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/venezuela + + + Gold + No + Yes + No + + + + + Vietnam + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/vietnam + + + Community Based Innovations to Combat Child Labor Through Education I & II (Circle I & II) + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/CIRCLEI-II_Winrock_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Building a Generation of Safe and Healthy Workers: SafeYouth@Work + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-generation-safe-and-healthy-workers-safeyouthwork + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Technical Support for Enhancing National Capacity to Prevent and Reduce Child Labour in Vietnam + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/technical-support-enhancing-national-capacity-prevent-and-reduce-child-labour-0 + + + Vietnam Country Program + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Vietnam_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Bricks + Yes + No + No + + + Cashews + Yes + No + No + + + Coffee + Yes + No + No + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + Footwear + Yes + No + No + + + Furniture + Yes + No + No + + + Garments + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + Leather + Yes + No + No + + + Pepper + Yes + No + No + + + Rice + Yes + No + No + + + Rubber + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + Tea + Yes + No + No + + + Textiles + Yes + No + No + + + Timber + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + Wallis and Futuna + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/wallis-and-futuna + Europe and Eurasia + No + No Assessment + For the 2020 reporting period, no assessment has been made regarding Wallis and Futuna’s efforts to advance the elimination of the worst forms of child labor because there is no evidence of a worst forms of child labor problem and the country has a good legal and enforcement framework on child labor. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + N/A† + + No + N/A† + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + NA + NA + NA + + + + West Bank and the Gaza Strip + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/west-bank-and-the-gaza-strip + Middle East and North Africa + No + Minimal Advancement + In 2020, the Palestinian Authority made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor in the areas of the West Bank under its control. The Ministry of Social Development conducted an inspection campaign in Nablus aimed at stemming child labor. The Palestinian Authority also cooperated with the United Nations Children's Fund to reach 11,900 Palestinian children with psychosocial support, provide 3,496 tablets pre-loaded with educational materials, support the Ministry of Education in developing school safety protocols, and provide hygiene and cleaning supplies to 2,250 school premises. However, children in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in begging, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and in illicit activities. Children also perform dangerous tasks in construction and fishing. The Palestinian Authority’s legal framework does not criminally prohibit all elements of child trafficking, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. In addition, Palestinian Authority programs to prevent or eliminate child labor are insufficient. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + 0.963 + + + + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Unavailable + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes† + 18 + No + Yes† + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + Yes + Yes + N/A + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits child trafficking, including both domestic and international human trafficking, in accordance with international standards. + + + Establish laws that criminally prohibit forced labor, including debt bondage and slavery. + + + Ensure that the use, procurement, and offering of children for all forms of commercial sexual exploitation are criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + + + Ensure that child labor laws are enforced in the Gaza Strip. + + + Publish information on labor law and criminal law enforcement efforts, including the amount of funding, the number of labor inspectors, the number and type of inspections, the training provided to inspectors and investigators, the number of child labor violations, and penalties issued and collected, and the number of investigations, prosecutions, and convictions. + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties. + + + Provide further resources and staff to the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Social Affairs to conduct labor inspections and criminal investigations. + + + + + Ensure that Child Protection Networks are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the National Policy Agenda and ensure that it is implemented. + + + + + Expand programs to improve access to education; for example, ensure that children are not subject to violence, schools are weatherproof, and delays at checkpoints are not prohibitive. + + + Ensure that Ministry of Labor's social programs are implemented, including vocational centers. + + + Expand programs to further address child labor, specifically in construction, street work, illicit activities, and agriculture. + + + Collect and publish data on the extent and nature of child labor to inform policies and programs. + + + + + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Western Sahara + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/western-sahara + Middle East and North Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Morocco made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The Kingdom of Morocco claims the territory of Western Sahara and administers the area that it controls by the same constitution, laws, and structures as in internationally recognized Morocco, including laws that deal with child labor. In 2020, the government enacted programs to pilot a child protection network and assess the feasibility of 10 additional child welfare centers. In addition, the Ministry of Labor launched a new roadmap for fighting child labor that seeks to: improve Domestic Work Law 19.12 and make benefits available from the National Social Security Fund to child domestic workers; improve labor inspection at the 54 designated centers across the country by hiring specialists to enhance the oversight of inspections and the methodology behind interventions; strengthen partnerships with civil society organizations; and increase international cooperation on child labor. Morocco also became a Pathfinder country under Alliance 8.7 in 2020, which calls for the eradication of child labor by 2025, and forced labor, modern slavery, and human trafficking by 2030. However, children in Western Sahara are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in forced domestic work and in commercial sexual exploitation. Children also engage in child labor in producing artisanal handicrafts. Laws related to the minimum age for work and the use of children for illicit activities do not meet international standards, and labor inspectors are not authorized to assess penalties. In addition, research could not determine whether penalties were imposed for violations related to the worst forms of child labor. Furthermore, the scope of government programs that target child labor is insufficient to fully address the extent of the problem. + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + + 7-14 + Unavailable + + + Unavailable + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + 15 + No + No + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 19 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that all children are protected by law, including children who are self-employed, work for artisan and handicraft businesses with fewer than five employees, or work on private farms and in residences. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for prostitution. + + + Prohibit by law all types of hazardous work that may harm children's health, safety, and morals, including domestic work. + + + Ensure that laws prohibit children from being used, procured for, or offered in illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. + + + Ensure the law provides criminal penalties for forced labor. + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Unavailable + + + + + Remove barriers to education, such as insufficient facilities, lack of reliable and safe transportation, and unqualified teachers, particularly in rural areas. + + + Expand existing programs to address the scope of the child labor problem, including child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. + + + Conduct a comprehensive study of children's work activities to inform policies and practices to determine whether children are engaged in or at risk of becoming involved in child labor, and determine the number of child laborers and their education levels. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Yemen + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/yemen + Middle East and North Africa + No + Minimal Advancement – Efforts Made but Continued Practice that Delayed Advancement + In 2020, Yemen made minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. In 2020, the government trained judges and employers in Hadramawt and Ma’rib on the harms of child labor and child soldier recruitment. Despite this initiative to address child labor, however, Yemen is assessed as having made only minimal advancement because it continued to implement practices that delay advancement to eliminate child labor. There is evidence of recruitment and use of children in hostilities by state armed forces in contravention of Yemeni law. Furthermore, the government failed to make efforts to address discrimination in schools against children from the Muhamasheen (“marginalized”) community, leading to their increased vulnerability to child labor. Children in Yemen are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, sometimes as a result of human trafficking, and armed conflict, including by Houthi (also known as Ansar Allah) insurgent forces and other armed groups. Children also engage in child labor in fishing. Research found no evidence of a policy on worst forms of child labor outside of child soldiering, such as commercial sexual exploitation and child trafficking. Moreover, the Republic of Yemen Government continued to exert limited operational control over its ministries and was unable to enforce regulations to combat child labor. + + + Fish + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.136 + 834866 + 0.7 + 0.022 + 0.278 + + + 5-14 + 0.68 + + + 7-14 + 0.103 + + + 0.723 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 14 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 15‡ + No + Yes + + + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + No + N/A + Unavailable + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + No + + + + + Accede to the Palermo Protocol on Trafficking in Persons. + + + Ensure that forced labor is criminally prohibited. + + + Ensure that trafficking of children, including recruitment, harboring, transportation, transfer, and receipt, for purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation, is criminalized. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 into non-state armed groups. + + + Ensure that the law adequately prohibits using, procuring, or offering a child in pornography and pornographic performances, and using a child in prostitution. + + + Raise the minimum age for work to the age up to which education is compulsory. + + + + + Enforce laws prohibiting children under age 18 from joining the Yemeni Armed Forces, including by implementing adequate screening and age verification measures, and remove children under age 18 in the Yemeni Armed Forces and pro-government militias from engaging in combat. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has the capacity to enforce labor laws, including reestablishing a mechanism to receive child labor complaints. + + + Ensure the number of labor inspectors in Yemenmeets the ILO's technical guidance. + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have proper funding and training to conduct inspections. + + + Ensure that authorities enforce minimum age protections in all sectors in which the worst forms of child labor are prevalent, including in agriculture and domestic work. + + + Ensure that criminal law enforcement agencies enforce child labor laws and publish information on enforcement activities. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Adopt a policy that addresses all relevant worst forms of child labor, such as commercial sexual exploitation and child trafficking. + + + + + Expand programs to improve children’s equal access to education, particularly for child Muhamasheen. + + + Institute a rehabilitation and reintegration program for children engaged in armed conflict and children involved in other worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation and fishing. + + + + + Yes + Yes + NA + + + + Enhancing National Capacity in Child Labor Data Collection, Analysis and Dissemination Through Technical Assistance to Surveys, Research and Training + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/SIMPOC_EnhancingNationalCapacity_FY06_0.pdf + + + National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Yemen + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Yemen_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/zambia + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Zambia made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government significantly increased funding for its labor inspectorate and finalized its second National Action Plan for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor. It also reinvigorated key coordinating bodies, including the National Steering Committee on Child Labor and the National Coordinating Committee for Children. However, children in Zambia are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in agriculture and commercial sexual exploitation, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also perform dangerous tasks in agriculture. The Education Act does not specify a compulsory education age, and human trafficking laws do not meet international standards because they require threats, the use of force, or coercion to establish the crime of child trafficking. In addition, labor inspectors do not routinely inspect non-registered businesses in which child labor is known to occur. + + + Cattle + Yes + No + No + + + Cotton + Yes + No + No + + + Gems + Yes + No + No + + + Stones + Yes + No + No + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + 0.281 + 992722 + 0.918 + 0.012 + 0.07 + + + 5-14 + 0.652 + + + 7-14 + 0.276 + + + 0.8 + + + + Yes + Yes + No + No + Yes + Yes + + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 15 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 19 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + + 281520 + 160 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + 630 + 630 + 1 + 1 + 1 + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + No + N/A + No + Unavailable + Unavailable + 4 + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Accede to the UN CRC Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography and the UN CRC Optional Protocol on Armed Conflict. + + + Determine list of light work activities for children ages 13 to 15. + + + Ensure that laws prohibiting child trafficking do not require threats, the use of force, or coercion for an act to be considered child trafficking. + + + Establish through statutory instrument the "school-going age" for compulsory education, in line with the minimum age for work. + + + + + Ensure that labor inspectors have sufficient funding and have resources, including vehicles and fuel, office space, and training to enforce labor laws throughout the country. + + + Increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that inspections cover all areas in which children work, including registered and unregistered businesses. + + + Institutionalize training for criminal law enforcement investigators, including training for new investigators, training on new laws related to the worst forms of child labor, and refresher courses. + + + Publish information on criminal law enforcement efforts, including the number of child labor investigations, violations, convictions, and imposition of penalties. + + + Develop and implement consistent procedures to screen and identify human trafficking victims while ensuring government agencies have sufficient human and financial resources to address human trafficking. + + + + + Improve lines of communication and clarify responsibilities among agencies to improve effectiveness and referrals to social services. + + + + + Integrate child labor elimination and prevention strategies into the Education Policy and the National Employment and Labor Market Policy. + + + + + Publish child labor data, including the results of the child labor module of the Labor Force Survey, to inform policies and programs. + + + Ensure that all children have access to education and are not restricted by long travel distances, auxiliary school costs, lack of birth certificates, or marriage. + + + Harmonize child labor prevention and elimination measures and improve financial tracking in the Social Cash Transfer. + + + Expand existing programs to address the full scope of the child labor problem in all relevant sectors, including agriculture, mining, domestic work, and commercial sexual exploitation. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + Global Action Program (GAP) on Child Labor Issues + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/global-action-program-gap-child-labor-issues + + + Audits of Selected USDOL-Funded IPEC Projects-Round V + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Audits_IPEC_FY07_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Building the Foundations for Eliminating the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Anglophone Africa + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/building-foundations-eliminating-worst-forms-child-labor-anglophone-africa + + + Prevention, Withdrawal, and Rehabilitation of Children Engaged in Hazardous Work in the Commercial Agriculture Sector in Africa + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/EastAfrica_CommercialAgr_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Closing the Child Labor and Forced Labor Evidence Gap: Impact Evaluations + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/closing-child-labor-and-forced-labor-evidence-gap-impact-evaluations + + + Combating and Preventing HIV/AIDS-Induced Child Labor in Sub-Saharan Africa: Pilot Action in Uganda and Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/RegAfr_HIVAIDS_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Increasing Economic and Social Empowerment for Adolescent Girls and Vulnerable Women in Zambia (EMPOWER) + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/empower-increasing-economic-and-social-empowerment-adolescent-girls-and-vulnerable + + + Support to Development and Implementation of Time Bound Measures Against the Worst Forms of Child Labor in Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_TBP_Prep_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Zambia - Phase II + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CECL_PhaseII_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + The Best Choice Campaign + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_BESTCHOICE_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Combating Exploitive Child Labor Through Education in Zambia (JCM) - Phase I + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CECL_PhaseI_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + Reporting on the State of the Nation's Working Children: A Statistical Program for Advocacy on the Elimination of Child Labor and the Protection of Working Children in Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_SIMPOC_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + National Program on the Elimination of Child Labor in Zambia + https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ILAB/pdf_override/Zambia_CP_CLOSED_0.pdf + + + + + Zimbabwe + https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/zimbabwe + Sub-Saharan Africa + No + Moderate Advancement + In 2020, Zimbabwe made moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government enacted the Education Amendment Act, which raised the legal compulsory education age to 16. It also significantly expanded the Basic Education Assistance Module to provide assistance with school expenses to over 950,000 orphans and vulnerable children, while providing humanitarian assistance allowances for vulnerable families affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, children are subjected to the worst forms of child labor, including in commercial sexual exploitation, mining, and tobacco production, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Children also engage in child labor in agriculture, including in the harvesting of sugarcane. The government did not publicly release information on its criminal law enforcement efforts, and law enforcement agencies lack resources to enforce child labor laws. In addition, gaps remain in the country’s legal framework against child labor, including the prohibition of commercial sexual exploitation of children. + + + Tobacco + Yes + No + No + + + Sugarcane + Yes + No + No + + + + + 5-14 + Unavailable + + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + + + 5-14 + 0.907 + + + 7-14 + 0.42 + + + 0.985 + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + Yes + 18 + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + + No + Yes + + + Yes + 16 + No + Yes + + + No + + No + No + + + Yes + 16‡ + No + Yes + + + + 25000 + 120 + No + Yes + N/A + Yes + 1860 + 1860 + 0 + N/A + N/A + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + Yes + No + Unavailable + N/A + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Unavailable + Yes + Unavailable + + + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the recruitment of children under age 18 by non-state armed groups. + + + Establish by law free basic education. + + + Ensure that the law criminally prohibits the use, procuring, and offering of a child for the production of pornography and pornographic performances. + + + + + Authorize the labor inspectorate to assess penalties for labor law violations. + + + Significantly increase the number of labor inspectors to meet the ILO’s technical advice. + + + Ensure that the labor inspectorate has sufficient financial and human resources to address labor violations and enforce minimum age protections in all sectors, including agriculture. + + + Publish information on the government's criminal law enforcement efforts. + + + + + Ensure that all coordinating bodies are able to carry out their intended mandates. + + + + + Publish activities undertaken to implement the National Action Plan to Combat Child Labor. + + + + + Improve access to secondary school by ensuring that all children are registered at birth and by removing identity documentation requirements to take national exams. + + + Enhance efforts to make education accessible to all children, including children living in rural areas, by improving access to water and hygiene facilities within schools, reducing travel distances to schools, and increasing the number of teachers. + + + Expand existing social programs to address child labor, especially child labor in agriculture, commercial sexual exploitation, and mining. + + + Improve systems for the distribution of social support benefits to ensure that allocations reach vulnerable households that are most in need of the benefits. + + + + + Yes + Yes + Yes + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/app/src/main/assets/goods_2019.xml b/app/src/main/assets/goods_2019.xml index eb38151..3700b19 100644 --- a/app/src/main/assets/goods_2019.xml +++ b/app/src/main/assets/goods_2019.xml @@ -2603,13 +2603,13 @@ Polysilicon - Polysilicon + Manufacturing China - Yes - No + No + Yes No @@ -4007,5 +4007,4 @@ - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/activities/IlabProjectsActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/activities/IlabProjectsActivity.java index 6747265..20b59fd 100644 --- a/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/activities/IlabProjectsActivity.java +++ b/app/src/main/java/gov/dol/childlabor/activities/IlabProjectsActivity.java @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ package gov.dol.childlabor.activities; -import android.content.Intent; -import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; -import android.text.SpannableString; +import android.text.Html; import android.text.method.LinkMovementMethod; -import android.text.style.UnderlineSpan; -import android.text.util.Linkify; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.TextView; @@ -46,19 +42,28 @@ protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { LinearLayout row = (LinearLayout) inflater.inflate(R.layout.project_row,suggestedActionsLinearLayout,false); TextView title = row.findViewById(R.id.project_title); TextView link = row.findViewById(R.id.project_link); - Linkify.addLinks(link,Linkify.WEB_URLS); + title.setText(projects.get(i).getTitle()); link.setContentDescription("i lab project link for "+ projects.get(i).getTitle()); - link.setTag(projects.get(i).getLink()); + /*link.setTag(projects.get(i).getLink()); SpannableString content = new SpannableString(projects.get(i).getTitle()); - content.setSpan(new UnderlineSpan(), 0, content.length(), 0); + //content.setSpan(new UnderlineSpan(), 0, content.length(), 0); + //content.setSpan(new URLSpan(projects.get(i).getLink()), 0, content.length(), 0); + + Linkify.addLinks(content,Linkify.WEB_URLS); + link.setMovementMethod(LinkMovementMethod.getInstance()); + link.setText(content);*/ + + + String desc = ""+projects.get(i).getTitle()+""; + link.setText(Html.fromHtml(desc)); link.setMovementMethod(LinkMovementMethod.getInstance()); - link.setText(content); - link.setOnClickListener(view -> { + + /*link.setOnClickListener(view -> { Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(((TextView)view).getTag().toString())); startActivity(intent); - }); + });*/ suggestedActionsLinearLayout.addView(row); } diff --git a/app/src/main/res/layout/project_row.xml b/app/src/main/res/layout/project_row.xml index 63c8fcc..997d55a 100755 --- a/app/src/main/res/layout/project_row.xml +++ b/app/src/main/res/layout/project_row.xml @@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ android:paddingRight="10dp" android:paddingBottom="10dp" android:text="link" - android:contentDescription="ILAB Project Link" - android:clickable="true" android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" android:textColor="#0000EE" />